Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

Europeans expand Europeans expand beyond their own beyond their own

bordersborders

Some Reasons Some Reasons include:include:

• Crusades: Desire for foreign Crusades: Desire for foreign goodsgoods

• Renaissance: Humanism and Renaissance: Humanism and educationeducation

• Reformation: Spread and Reformation: Spread and strengthen religionstrengthen religion

Most Important Most Important Reasons:Reasons:

GOD – GOLD – GLORY GOD – GOLD – GLORY

‘STHETHE

Portugal & Spain Lead the Portugal & Spain Lead the WayWay

• Both want sea-routes to Asia Both want sea-routes to Asia

• Portugal heads EASTPortugal heads EAST

–Sail around AfricaSail around Africa

• Spain heads WEST Spain heads WEST

–Discover the “New World”Discover the “New World”

Technology allows Technology allows tradetrade

• Advances made in sailing & Advances made in sailing & technology allowed overseas tradetechnology allowed overseas trade

• Printing PressPrinting Press– Education Education – Knowledge of Geography growsKnowledge of Geography grows– Understand world’s not Understand world’s not flatflat

(more technology)(more technology)

• GunpowderGunpowder–Europeans force tradeEuropeans force trade

• CartographyCartography–Map-makingMap-making–Better navigationBetter navigation

(more technology)(more technology)

• Magnetic CompassMagnetic Compass–Sailors determine directionSailors determine direction

• AstrolabeAstrolabe–Determines latitudeDetermines latitude

(more technology)(more technology)

• CaravelsCaravels–Large Portuguese shipsLarge Portuguese ships–Travel farther & hold more Travel farther & hold more

cargocargo

Portugal Goes Portugal Goes FirstFirst

• Claim to FameClaim to Fame – – Made Portugal Made Portugal Powerful for a Powerful for a short timeshort time

• Explore African Explore African coast for water coast for water routes to “cut routes to “cut through”through”

Prince HenryPrince Henry•KEY FIGURE to the Age KEY FIGURE to the Age of Explorationof Exploration

•Son of Portugal’s KingSon of Portugal’s King•Greatest supporter of Greatest supporter of explorationexploration

(continued)(continued)

Early 1400s - Entered N. AfricaEarly 1400s - Entered N. Africa

Amazed by the wealth Amazed by the wealth therethere

•Spices & GoldSpices & Gold•Helps P. estab. trading ports Helps P. estab. trading ports

in Africain Africa

Portuguese ExplorersPortuguese Explorers

Bartolomeu DiasBartolomeu Dias• 14881488• Sails around the tip of AfricaSails around the tip of Africa

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama•14981498•Sailed all the way to Calcutta, Sailed all the way to Calcutta,

IndiaIndia

Spain Is NextSpain Is Next

• Spain sees their Spain sees their success & will follow success & will follow in their footstepsin their footsteps

Ferdinand and Isabella Ferdinand and Isabella

• Spanish MonarchsSpanish Monarchs

–King and QueenKing and Queen

• Free to turn attention Free to turn attention elsewhere after elsewhere after Reconquista (Spanish Reconquista (Spanish Crusade)Crusade)

• Want to gain wealth & Want to gain wealth & spread Xityspread Xity

• Spanish InquisitionSpanish Inquisition

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus• Italian Sailor•Sailed for Spain•Convinced F & I

to finance his voyage to travel WEST across the ATLANTIC to Asia!

In 1492 Columbus sailed In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue…the ocean blue…

•Set sail: August 3rd, 1492

•3 Ships: The Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria

•Reached land in 2 months…

•““Los Indios” – Columbus called Los Indios” – Columbus called the people he found Indiansthe people he found Indians

•Searched islands for gold & Searched islands for gold & spicesspices

•““Claimed” lands for SpainClaimed” lands for Spain–Early 1493 – returned as a Early 1493 – returned as a herohero

Columbus’ VoyageColumbus’ Voyage

1493 Columbus stole and 1493 Columbus stole and killed all he could see…killed all he could see…

• September 1493 – Columbus September 1493 – Columbus sailed back, this time with 17 sailed back, this time with 17 ships and 1,000 soldiers and ships and 1,000 soldiers and colonists to take control of the colonists to take control of the land for Spainland for Spain

• Columbus wanted an Empire and Columbus wanted an Empire and PowerPower

• Spain wanted colonies to get richSpain wanted colonies to get rich

The Columbus ControversyThe Columbus Controversy

• Was Columbus a HERO or VILLIAN– On one hand…

• Made Spain wealthy and powerful• Spread Christianity to new areas of the world• Cultural Diffusion

– On the other hand• Some reports of evildoings (theft, murder)• Native populations wiped out

• Was he good, bad, or just a product of the time in which he lived?

Conflicts between NationsConflicts between Nations

• Portugal and Spain argue over “claimed” lands

• Portugal believed Columbus got to and claimed lands in Asia……Lands they already explored

&&Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas

•1494 – Spain and Portugal 1494 – Spain and Portugal agree to honor a “Line” that agree to honor a “Line” that separates territories that each separates territories that each country can explore and claimcountry can explore and claim

The Line of DemarcationThe Line of Demarcation

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

•1519, Portuguese Explorer 1519, Portuguese Explorer •Sailing for Sailing for SpainSpain!!•Named the Pacific OceanNamed the Pacific Ocean•Circumnavigation Circumnavigation

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci•Early 1500s – Italian who Sailed Early 1500s – Italian who Sailed

for Portugalfor Portugal•Explored eastern coast of S. Explored eastern coast of S.

AmericaAmerica•Realized it’s not Asia – it’s a Realized it’s not Asia – it’s a

NEW WORLDNEW WORLD•America was named for AmerigoAmerica was named for Amerigo

Other NationsOther Nations•English English •Dutch (Netherlands)Dutch (Netherlands)•France France •All nations tried to expand All nations tried to expand

their power base by looking their power base by looking for trade routes and outposts for trade routes and outposts to establish.to establish.

Economics

Columbian Exchange

Mercantilism

Triangle Trade