aikyadeepam special 2 · 2020. 6. 1. · ]p\-ssciy kvs]jy¬ 4 sfiyzo]w sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ hivtsm-_¿...

$: Aikyadeepam Special 2 · 2020. 6. 1. · ]p\-sscIy kvs]jy¬ 4 sFIyZo]w sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 2015 4 FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ 5 CS-b-i_vZw kssÌyw A\p-kva-cn®pw A\p-kva-cn-∏n®pw sIm≠v$
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4 FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬

5 CS-b-i_vZwkssÌyw A\p-kva-cn®pw A\p-kva-cn-∏n®pw sIm≠v...

6 aX-ssa-{Xn-bpsS tIZ-chpw ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øns‚aqe-ÿm\ `qan-IbpwtPman tXma-kv Ie-b-]pcw

11 Xncp-h√ AXn-cq-]X hnI-k\ ]mX-bn¬^m. kt¥mjv Ag-IØv

13 kotdm˛a-e-¶c sslcm¿°nA\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ _qfm{^mØ¿ B≥t{Z-tbmkv I¿±n-\mƒ ^qhØv

20 ]p\-sscIy {ia-ßƒ^m. tkhy¿ IqS-∏pg

32 ina-tbm≥ ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]cm-P-b-ßfpw BflobFIyp-sa-\n-khpwA`n. tUm. G{_lmw am¿ Pqen-tbmkv

40 \an∏q a°ƒ (I-hn-X)kn.- A-RvPen Fkv.sF.kn

41 Iv\m\mb ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm\w^m. tPm¿÷v Ipcn-ipw-aq-ń¬

45. RE-UNION BECAME A REALITYFr. Varghese Karipalil

48 am¿-tØmΩm \{kmWn k -̀I-fpsS sFIyw]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bpsS t\Xr-Xzhpw^m. tPm¿Pv tX°-Sbn¬

55 ]p\-sscIy Bflobam\-ßƒ^m. tPm¿Pv tXmakv I√p-¶¬ H.-sF.-kn.

59 _Y\n Nmt°m®≥^m. tPmkv acnbZmkv H.sF.kn.

63 Ccp-taS tPm¿Pv km¿ Hm¿Ω-bmbn^m. sNdn-bm≥ Xmg-a¨

71 aq∂c ]Xn-‰m-≠ns‚ injy-k-º-Øp-ambns{]m^. tP°_v Fw. G{_lmwFPn ]md-∏m´v

c£m-[n-ImcntamÃv dh. tUm. tXmakv am¿Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

kl c£m-[n-ImcntamÃv dh. tUm. ôen-t∏mkvam¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv F-∏n-kvtIm∏m

No^v FUn-‰¿^m. h¿§okv Nma-°m-em-bn¬

{]km-[-I≥tXmakv sImSn-\m-´p-Ip-t∂¬tIm¿ F∏n-kvt°m∏m

D]-tZ-iI kanXn

tam¨. B‚Wn sNØn-∏pg

dh. ^m. sNdn-bm≥ Xmg-a¨

dh. ^m. t{]am-\μv H.-sF.-kn.

{io. jmPn Imc-bv°¬

s{]m^. tP°_v Fw. G{_lmw

{io. tPman I-e-b-]pcw

{io. PnPn apf-aq-ń¬

{ioaXn eoemΩ I®-d-bv°¬

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2015 sk]v‰w-_¿˛HIvtSm-_¿]pkvXIw 46 e°w 10

AikyadeepamsFIy-Zo-]w

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‘September blow soft till theapples in the loft’ - sk]v‰w-_¿amk-Øns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-sb-∏‰nbp≈ BwKe h¿Æ\ Aß-s\-bm-Wv. sk]v‰w-_¿ F∂"s]m∂n≥ Nnß-amk'Øn\v ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\- n-ep≈ ÿm\-hpw thdn-´-Xp-X-s∂. amXrkvt\-lØn¬ hf-cp-hm≥ {ian-°p∂`‡¿°m-I-s´, "a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ A`n-am-\-]m-{X-amb ]cn-ip≤ I\y-I-a-dn-bm-ans‚' P\-\-s∏-cp -∂m-fn -s\m∏w BfloIPohnX \ho-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpwka-b-am-W-Xv. ae-¶c ItØm-en° k`sb kw_-‘n®vIgn™ 85 h¿j-ß-fmbn Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m-\y-ap≈ amk-amWv sk]v‰w-_¿. AtX, ]p\-sscIy hm¿jnI kwK-a-Øn-\p-th≠n k`-bmbn Hcp-ßp∂ ka-bw. 2015 sk]v‰w-_dnse ]p\-sscIy hm¿jn -I -Øn -\mbn

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(tijw t]Pv 30)

kss`Iyw A\p-kva-cn®pwA\p-kva-cn-∏n®pw sIm≠v...

Ign™ Hcp h¿j-°mew {]m¿-∞-\m-]q¿Δw \mw Hcp-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

_Y\n k\ym-kn\n kaq-l-Øns‚ Bcw`w -h-gnbpw am¿Cuhm-\n -tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚Xm]k Pohn-X-Øns‚ IÆo¿-hoWv \\-hm¿∂ aÆmb-Xp-sIm≠pw am¿ Zob-kvtIm-tdmkv]nXm -hns‚ I_-dn -S -Øns‚Bÿm-\-sa -∂-Xp -sIm -≠pw,`mKy-kva -c -Wm¿l-\mb am¿AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚P∑w-sIm-≠pw, {]Io¿Øn-X-amWv Xncp-aq-e-]p-cw. a≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI Xe-ÿm-\-hpw A£-c-\-K-cn-bmbXncp -h-√ Xs∂-bmWv. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ k -̀I-fpsS Bÿm\\K-cn-bm-Wn-Xv; hnhn[ Xo¿∞m-S\ tI{μ-ß-fpsS Ihm-Shpw.]p\-ssc -Iy -Øns‚ kl-in -ev]nbpw Xm]-k-h-tc-Wy\pw

ap\o-{μ-\p-am-bn-cp∂ am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXm-hns‚ hmkw-aqew ]mh-\-am-°-s∏´ ]pWy-\-K -c -amWv Xncp -h -√. ae-¶cItØm-en°m k`-bnse a¨a-d™ ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ 5 t]cpsSI_-dn-S-ßƒ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂kvarXn-k-ar-≤-amb Xo¿∞m-S-\-tI{μw IqSn-bm-W-Xv. k`m-kw-K-a-Øn\pw sFIy-Ko-Xn-Iƒ G‰p-]m-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn Cu ]pWy-̀ qanHcn-°¬°qSn thZn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ,Xncp-h√ AXn-`-{Zm-k\w B\μ-\n¿hr-Xn-bn-em-Wv. am¿ØmfiwapX¬ awK-em-]pcw hscbpw_mly-`{Zm-k\-Øn¬\n∂pwhntZ--i-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Xmev]-cy-tØmsS Cu kwK-a-Øn-\mbnIS-∂p-h-cp∂ hnizm-kn-IsfkzmKXw sNøp-hm≥ Xncp-h-

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tIc-f-Ønse AXn-]p-cm-X-

\hpw {]i-kvX-hp-amb Hcp ]´-W-amWv Xncp-h-√. a≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iqdns‚ tI{μw F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ Cu {]tZ-i-Øn\v{]mNo-\-Imew apX¬t° {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xmbn kwLw IrXn-I-fnepw a‰pw kqN-\-I-fp-≠v. Xncp-h-√bpsS ]g-b-t]cv Xncp-h√hmgv F∂pw AXv tem]n®v Xncp-h√ hmbv F∂p amdn-sb∂pw]WvUn-X-∑m¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXns‚ kwkvIrX cq]-amb{ioh-√-`-]pcw F∂ t]cn-emWvCu ]´Ww Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv.GI-tZiw aqhm-bncw h¿jwaptº ChnsS a\p-jy-hm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v sXfn-hp-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Xncp-h-√bv°p kao]wGd≥Imhv t£{X-]-cn-k-cØp

\S-Ønb J\-\-Øn¬ e`n® agp-hns‚ Ah-in-jvS-Øn\v aqhm-bncw h¿jsØ ]g-°-ap-s≠∂vNcn-{X-Im-c≥am¿ A`n{]mbs∏-Sp-∂p. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-apºpXs∂Xncp-h-√-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ tSmf-an-bp-sSbpw a‰v hntZ-i-k-©m-cn-I-fpsS Ipdn-∏p-I-fn-epap-≠v. Xncp-h-√-bn¬ kμ¿i\w \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ sshjvW-hm-Nm-cy-∑m-cmb \Ωmgvhmcpw Xncp-ass¶ Bgvhmcpw Cu {]tZ-i-sØ-°p-dn®v {]Io¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v.Xncp -ass¶ Bgvhm¿ cNn®]Øp t«mI-ß-fnse {]Ya ]Zy-Øn¬ Xncp-h-√-sb-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xv C{]-Im-c-amWv:

Xss¥-Xmbv a°sf Np‰p-sa‚p-‰-h¿ ]‰n \ns‚

]¥-am¿ hmgvssIssb s\m

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tPman tXma-kvIe-b-]pcw

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¥p \o ]gnsb¶ Icp-Xn-\m-tb¬A¥-am-bm-Xn-bmbv BXn-°p-

am-Xn-bmbv Bb-\mbvssa¥-\m¿ h√-hmgv sNm√p

am hss√-bmbv acp-hn-s\t©

h√-`-∑m-cpsS (C-S-b-∑m-cp-sS)Hcp {]mNo-\-tI-{μ-am-bn-cp∂pXncp-h√ sNt¶m-´-bv°-Sp-Øp≈s]mXn -bm≥ae tI{μam°n`cWw \S-Øn-bn -cp∂ BbvcmPm-°-∑m-cpsS (C-Sb cmPm-°-∑m-cp-sS) ̀ c-W-kn-cm-tI{μw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p h√-`-]pcw AYhmXncp-h-√. ]n¬°m-eØv {_m“-W¿ Cu ÿew ]nSn-®-S°n HcphnjvWp-t£{Xw ]Wn-bp-IbpwXncp-h-√-`-]pcw F∂m-°n-am-‰p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn Nne ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂p.

Xncp-h-√ {]tZ-i-Øn\v ]≠va√n-Im-h\w F∂pw ChnsS Hgp-Ip∂ aWn-a-e-bm-dn\v h√-∏pg (h-√-̀ -∏p-g) F∂pw t]cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbpw ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p. aqhm-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw \ºq-Xncn C√-ßƒAhnsS D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-bn-sem-∂m-bn-cp∂p i¶-c-aw-Kew.AXp- tem-]n®v Nwt{ImØv Bbnamdn. Cu C√Øv hnjvWp-`-‡-bmb Hcp {_m“W hn[h Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. sXmI-e≥ F∂ HcpAkp-c-\m-bn-cp∂p sFXn-ly-a-\p-k-cn®v a√n -Im -h\w AS°nhmWn-cp-∂-Xv. sshjvW-h-cmb{_m“-Wsc Abmƒ ]oUn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ {_m“-W¿ an°-hcpw \mSp -hn´ps]mbvs°m-≠n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬hnjvWp-̀ -‡-bmb Nwt{Im-Ø-Ω-bpsS \ne -hn -fn -bn -¬ alm-hnjvWp kw{]o-X-\m-bn thjwamdn a√n-Im-h-\-Øn-se-Øn. XpI-

es\ Xs‚ kpZ¿i-\-N{Iw D]-tbm-Kn®v \n{K-ln-®p. ]pg-°-S-hn¬ N{Iw Igp-In. Cu IS-hmWv]n¬°m-eØv N{I-im-e-°-S-hm-b-Xv. XpI-e≥ hmW ÿew XpI-e-t»-cn-bmbn amdn. sFiz-cy-Zm-b-I-\mb {ioh-√-`s‚ khn[wF∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ {ioh-√-`-]pcw F∂ t]cv Cu {]tZ-i-Øn\p kn≤n-®p.

sIm√-h¿jw Bdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ cNn-°-s∏´ A⁄mX

I¿Ør-I-amb DÆp-\oenktμiImhy-Ønepw e£van-Zm-ks‚ipI-k-tμ-i-Ønepw aWn-{]-hmfImhy-amb Nt{μm-’-h-Ønepw Xncp-h-√-sb-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. F.-Un.-]-{¥≠mwiX-I-Øn¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ Xncp-h√sNt∏-Sp-Iƒ Hcp \o≠-{K-Ÿ-am-Wv. Xncp-h√ {]tZ-isØ kmaq-lnI-ÿm-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pwkmaq-lnI BNm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®pamWn-Xnse {]Xn-]m-Zyw.hs -́gp-Øn-ep≈ Xncp-h√m imk-\hpw Ipgn-°mSv `´-Xn-cn-bpsS{KŸm-h-cnbpw Xncp-h-√m-bpsS{]mNo-\X shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

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At\Iw ]WvUn-X¿°v Cu thZ-]m-T-ime P∑w\¬In. sIm√-h¿jw \m\q-dn\p tijw Xncp-h√mime-bpsS A[x-]-X\w Bcw-`n-®p.

`mcX At∏m-kvX-e-\mb am¿tØmΩm «o lm-bpsS ]mZ-kv]¿iw sIm≠v [\y-amb \nc WwF∂ ]pWy-`qan Xncp-h-√mbv°v G‰hpw ASp-Øm-Wv. F.-Un.-A≥]Ønc≠mw B≠n¬ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ FØnb am¿tØm-Ωm-«olm GI-tZiw Hcp-h¿j-°mew AhnsS Xma-kn®p kphn-tijw{]kw-Kn-®-Xn\p tijw sIm√-tØ°pw ]n∂oSp\nc-W-tØ-°p-amWv h∂-sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS aq∂m-asØ {]h¿Ø-\-tI-{μ-am-bn-cp∂p \ncWw. G.Un

53embn-cp∂p am¿tØm-Ωm-«olm\ncWw kμ¿in-®-sX∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. \ncWw XrIv]m-te-izcw t£{X-Ønse D’-h-th-f-bn -em-bn -cp∂p am¿ tØm-Ωm-«olm \nc -W-sØ-Øn -b -X v .AhnsS ktΩ-fn® `‡-P-\-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-{i≤ ]nSn®p]‰nb «olm {InkvXp-hn-s\-∏‰n{]kw-Kn-®p. tIme-d-bm-‰n¬ Ipfn-°p-tºmƒ BN-an-s®-dn™ Pewhm\n¬ Db¿Øn\n¿Ønbam¿tØm-Ωm-«olmtbmSv {]kn≤aX-]-WvUn-X-\mb ]´-ap-°n¬\ºq-Xncn hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-Øn\papXn¿∂-Xmbpw, «olm-bn¬BIr-jvS -\mbn ]´ -ap -°n¬,Xøn¬, am¶n, aS-Øn-em≥ F∂o{_m“WIpSpw-_-ßƒ ss{IkvX-h-cm-sb∂pw hniz-kn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

«olm \m´nb Ipcniv i{Xp-°ƒ ]ngp-sX-dn -s™∂pw B Ipcniv IS-{]- ap-X-e-∏pg Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ sN∂-Sn™p F∂pw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. {InkvXp-h¿jw H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ÿm]n-X-amb \ncWw]≈n C∂pw am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. ChnsS\n∂pw ]ncn™vNß-\m-t»cn, Nº-°p-fw, amcm-a¨, sNß-∂q¿F∂o ÿe-ß-fn¬ ]n¬°m-e-ß-fn¬ ssZhm-e-b-ßƒ ÿm]n-X-am-bn. aX-ssa-{Xn-bpsS tIZm-c`q-an-bmWv Xncp-h-√. lnμp-˛-ap-…ow-˛-ss{I-kvX-h-˛-k-tlm-Z-c¿ Hcp-a-tbmsS Ign-bp∂ ssZh-Øns‚kz¥w \mSv. Xo¿∞m-S-\-ßƒsIm≠pw Xo¿∞m-S-I-cpsS ]mZ-kv]¿iwsIm≠pw [\y-amb aÆv. hnti-j-W-ßƒ C\nbpw Gsd-bp-≠v.

C∂v kpdn-bm\nss{IkvX-h-cpsS kwK-a-`q-an-bmWv Xncp-h-√. Iq\≥Ip-cnipkXy-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v`n∂n-®p-t]mb ae-¶-c-k-̀ -bpsS hnhn-[-ß-fmb kaq-l-ß-fpsS ssZhm-e-b-ßfpw Bÿm-\-ßfpw Xncp-h√ tI{μ-am°n ÿnXnsNøp-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ ]cp-ae am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I_-dnSw

Xncp -h-√-bv°p≈ as‰mcp Ncn{X-]-c -amb{]m[m\yw hnZym-im-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. tIcfNcn-{X-Im-c-\mb {io.-G.-{io-[-c-ta-t\ms‚A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ {]mNo-\-Im-esØ hnZym-`ymkhyh-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ hnZym-im-e-Iƒ°v hf-sc-tbsd{]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. {_m“-W-bp-hm-°ƒ°vkuP\y `£-Whpw Xma-k-ku-I-cyhpw G¿s∏-SpØn thZw, thZm-¥w, X¿°w, tPymXn-jw, hymI-cWw XpSßn \nc-h[n hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]cn-io-e\w\¬In-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬ \nc-h[n hnZym-im-e-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F¶nepw Ipe-ti-J-c-∑m-cpsS Iogn-ep≈ Xncp-h-√bv°pw aqgn-°p-f-Øn-\p-am-bn-cp∂p{]m[m-\yw. kv{XoIsf ime-Ifn¬ {]th-in-∏n-®n-

cp-∂n-√. ime-I-fnse hnZym-`ymkcoXn hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS am\-kn-Ihpw _p≤n-]-chpw Imbn-I-hp-ambhf¿®sb e£y-am-°n-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. At\-Im-bncw ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ A≤y-b\w \n¿Δ-ln® Cu thZ-]m-T-im-e-bpsS `c-W-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn-\mbn ]Øp-t]¿ Dƒs∏´ Hcp k`bpw AXn¬ \n∂pw sXc-s™-SpØn-cp∂ c≠p-t]¿ tN¿∂ \n¿Δ-lWkan-Xnbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-h√m imk-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv Zn\w-{]Xn ap∂q-‰n-b≥]-Xn-S-ßgn Acn-bpsStNmdv hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS D®-̀ -£-W-Øn-\mbn Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-h√m ime-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n-\mbnHcp [\m-Vy≥ ap´m¿ ]mSØp ap∏-Ø-øm-bnc∏d\new Zm\w sNbvX-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p. kº-∂-cmb

a‰m-fp-Ifpw ime-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n -\mbn DZm-c-ambkw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In-bn-cp -∂p. Bbp-[-hn -Zym -`ymkw Cu thZ-]m-T-im-e-bnse apJy-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp -∂p. {]i-kvX-cmb

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ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ]cp-a-e-∏-≈nbpw ]pcm-X-\-amb]men-tb-°-c-∏-≈nbpw am¿tØm-Ωm- k-̀ -bpsS ]pem-Øo≥ Ac-a-\bpw ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS \ncWw `{Zm-k\ Bÿm-\hpw bmt°m-_mbm k`-bpsS `{Zm-k\ Bÿm-\hpw Chm-©-en-°¬ k`m Bÿm-\hpw _neo-thgvkv N¿®vk`m Bÿm-\hpw Xncp-h-√-bn-em-sW-∂p-≈Xv Cu\K-c-Øns‚ Bflob {]uVn hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p.

ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en°m k`-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Xncp-h√m {]tZiw Hcp-]mSv a[p-c-kva-c-W-Iƒ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ ae-¶c k -̀bpsS B≤ym-flnI \ho-I-cWwe£y-am°n ^m.-]n.-‰n.-Ko-h¿§okpw (am¿Cuhm -\n -tbm -kv)Uo°≥ If-∏p -c -bv°¬ bmt°m_vsiΩm-» -\pw( -am¿sXtbm-^n-tem-kv)dm∂n s]cp -\mS va p ≠ ≥ a - e - b n ¬_Y\n k\ymk{]ÿm-\-w kam-cw-̀ n-®p. k -̀bnse k\ym-k- {] -ÿm-\ -Øn -eqsS ae-¶c k`bn¬ ssNX\ywDW¿s∂-gp -t∂-‰p._Y\n B{i-a-Øns‚ Hcp imJ ÿm]n-X-am-bXv Xncp-h√Xncp-aq-e-]p-c-Øm-bn-cp-∂p F∂Xv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb≠ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv.Xncp-aq-e-]pcw _Y\n B{i-a-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈_Y\n {] n¬\n∂pw _Y\n amkn-Ibpw a‰vB≤ym-flnI {KŸ-ßfpw eLp-te-J-Ifpw A®-Sn®vk`m-a-°sf {]_p-≤-cm-°m\pw _Y\n B{i-a-ÿ¿]cn-{i-an-®n-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv k`m-N-cn-{X-ØnseNne {][m\ kw`-h-ßƒ°v thZn-bm-Im\pw Xncp-aq-e-]pcw B{i-a-Øn\p Ign-™p. ae-¶-c-bnse h\n-X-I-fpsS B≤ym-fln-Ihpw hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-hp-ambD∂Xn e£y-am°n _Y\n k\ym-kn\n kaqlwÿm]n-°p-hm\pw AXns‚ {]Ya aTw Xncp-aq-e-]p-cØpXs∂ Bcw-`n-°p-hm\pw Cu ]pWy-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cn-eqsS Ign-™p.- s]¨Ip´n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ymk\ne-hmcw Db¿Øp-hm-\mbn Xncp-aq-e-]p-csØ_men-Im-aTw kvIqƒ Gs‰-SpØp\S-Øp-hm\pw_Y\n k\ym-kn-\n-am¿°p Ign-™p. kotdm ae-¶-c-k-`-bnse {]Ya AXn-cq-]-X-bm-Im≥ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øn\p Ign-™-t∏mƒ {]Ya cq]-X-bv°p≈\ma-t[bw t\Sm≥ Xncp-h-√bv°p Ign-™p.

]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\p tijw kotdm ae-¶c ssl

BZy-Ime ]p\-sscIy ktΩ-f-\-ßƒ

cm¿°n ÿm]\w hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-f -hn¬(1930˛1932) ssZh-Zm-k≥ B¿®v _nj∏v Xs‚{]h¿Ø\tI{μ-am°n D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂Xv Xncp-aq-e-]p-csØ Hcp sNdnb `h-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu `h-\-Øn-en-cp-∂m-Wv ]nXmhv Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw AXn-cq-]-Xbv°pw Xncp-h√m cq]-X-bv°p-ap≈ ]≤-Xn-IƒBhn-jv°-cn-®-Xv.

]p\-sscIy{]ÿm-\-Øn\pw Xncp-h√m cq]-X-bpsS hf¿®bv°pw Xncp-h√m {]tZ-iØpw ASp-Øp-ap-≈-h¿ hfsc [mcmfw D]-Im-c-ßƒ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. {ioam≥ tafmw-]-d-ºn¬ DΩ-®≥ (]p-fn-°o-gv), {ioam≥ Info-teØv Nmt°m-®≥, hμy Ite-

°m-́ n¬ tXmakv IØ-\m¿ (I-hn-bq¿) F∂n-h-cpsSklm-b-ßƒ F°m-ehpw hnkva-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√.

_mem-cn-jvS-X-I-fpsS \Sp-hn¬ ]nd∂p hoWXncp-h√m cq]-X-sb∂ ]p\-sscIy inip k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-tSbpw sshZn-I-cp-tSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-tSbpw ]cn-em-f-\-tb‰v BtKmfk`-bnse buΔ-\-bp-‡-bmb Hcp k`m-]p-{Xn-bmbn hf¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.C∂v Xncp-h√m {]tZ-i-Øns‚ {]uVn hf¿Øn-b-Xn¬ ae-¶c ItØm-en°m k`-bpsS ]¶v hnkva-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. Xncp-h√ F∂p tIƒ°p-tºmtgC∂v P\-a-\- p-I-fn¬ ÿm\w]nSn -°p-∂XvIqSmc∏-≈nbpw (I-Øo-{U¬), ]ga ImØp kq£n-°p∂ tacn-Kncn Ac-a-\-bpw, BXpctkh \ c w K s Øhenb ÿm]-\-amb ]pjv]-Kncns a U n - ° ¬tImfPpw a‰p-am-Wv. 2006¬ Xncp-

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ln-X-amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-W-t√m. I¿Øm-hmbtbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ auXnIico-c-Øn¬ \nc-h[napdn-hp-Iƒ°v AXv Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≠v. Bapdn-hp-Isf Aev]-sa-¶nepw \nI-Øp-hm≥ \√-h-\mb ssZhw Rßƒ°p \¬Inb Ah-kcw Hcpkph¿Æm-h-k-c-am-bn-Øs∂ Rßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

CXp-\n-anØw \nc-h[n ]oU-\-ßƒ Rßƒkln-®n-́ p≠v; kln-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp-∂p-ap-≠v. Ah-sb√mw Cu cmPysØ ItØm-en-°m-k-̀ °v klm-b-ambn ̀ hn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bn-́ p-≈-Xv. ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏´ Hmtcm ItØm-en-°\pw kv{Xo]pcpj hyXym-k-sat\y Xo£vW-X-tb-dnb Hmtcm anj-\-dn-bmbnCXn-\Iw cq]m-¥-c-s∏´pIgn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. A∏-kvtXm-en-I ImesØ ]oU-\-N-cn{Xw sNdnbtXmXn-se-¶nepw Rß-fpsS CS-bn¬ C∂pwBh¿Øn°s∏Sp-I-bm-Wv. Rßƒ A\p-̀ -hn-°p∂kmº-ØnI sshj-ay-ßfpw hnhn[ ]oU-\-ßfpwssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw \nc-h[n A\p-{K-l-ßƒ h¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apJm-¥-c-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p F∂hkvXpX kt¥mj]q¿Δw {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xn\pkm[n-°pw.

Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ Ign™ Hcp h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Rß-fp-sS-ta¬ h¿jn-°-s∏´ Znhym-\p-{K-l-ßƒ°p th≠n ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂vChnsS k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ A`n-hμy Xncp-ta-\n -am -cpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ kI-e-tcmSpw RßƒA`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. AXn\pw ]pd-sa, _e-lo-\-\mbF\n°pw am¿ Xntbm-̂ n-temkv Xncp-ta-\n°pw ]p\-sscIyw {]m]n® F√m hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw, C\nbpw]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-tS≠ F√m AI-tØm-en-°¿°pwth≠n am{X-a√, C∂m-ńse e£-°-W-°n\vAss{I-kvX-h¿°pth≠nbpw XpS¿∂v {]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v At]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-∂p.\nßƒ Gh-cpsSbpw {]m¿∞\m klm-b-amWvkI-e-Øn\pw D]cn Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ Rßƒ°vAXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \nßƒs°√mw\a-kv°mcw.

F¨]-Øn-b©mw ]p\-sscIy BtLm-j-ßƒ°v Cu {]tZiw ho≠pw thZn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn¬\ap-°-̀ n-am-\n-°mw. ̀ mcX am\-km-¥-c-Øn\p th≠nA£oWw bXv\n® ssZh-Zm-k≥ B¿®v _nj∏vam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-t‚bpw ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb am¿sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw I¿Ω-`q-an-bn¬\n∂p-sIm≠v Cu ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS kz]v\w ]qh-Wn-bn® ]n≥Km-an-bmb tamdm≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv I¿±n-\mƒ ¢naokv ImtXm-en°m _mhmXncp-ta-\n-bpsS kssÌy ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ \ap-s°∂pw amXr-I-bm-Wv. F¨]-Øn-b©mw ]p\-sscIy BtLm-j-ßƒ°v F√m-hn[ ̀ mhp-I-ßfpwt\cp-∂p.

h√m cq]X AXn-cq-]-X-bmbn Db¿Ø-s∏-´Xvhf¿®-bpsS \mgn-I-°-√m-sW∂p ]d-bmw. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ B¿®v _nj∏v tUm.-tXm-akv am¿Iqdn-temkv ]nXm-hn-t‚bpw klmb sa{Xm≥ A`n-hμy tUm.-̂ n-en-t∏mkv am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv ]nXm-hn-t‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ AXn-cq-]X C∂v hf¿®-bpsS ]Ÿm-hn-eqsS AXn-io-{Lw apt∂-dp-∂p.

Xncp-h√m AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS B≤ym-fln-I-X-bpsS]n≈-sØm-ń-emWv Xncp-aq-e-]p-cw. ssZh-Zm-k≥B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚BZy-Ime {]h¿Ø-\-tI{μw, Xma-k-ÿ-ew, Hmô-kv, BZy -]-≈n, am¿ Zob-kvtIm-dkv ]nXm-hns‚I_-dn-Sw, Hcp alZvhnZym-ebw, _Y\n kntÃ-gvkns‚ BZy -a-Tw F∂nh ÿnXnsNøp∂p F∂n-ßs\ \nc-h[n {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Cu {]tZ-i-Øn-\p≠v.

1931 sk]v‰w-_¿ 20 apX-ep≈ aq∂p Znh-k-ß-fn -embn ]p\-sscIy{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ {]Yahm¿jnI ktΩ-f\w BtLm-j-]q¿Δw \S-Ø-s∏-´Xv Ncn-{X-ap-d-ßp∂ Cu aÆn-em-Wv. Cu ktΩ-f-\ -Øn¬ tIc-f -Ønse hnhn[ doØp -I -fn¬\n∂p≈ At\Iw sa{Xm-∑mcpw sshZn-IcpwAevam-b-cp-ambn H -́t\Iw t]¿ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p.Cu tbmK-Øn¬ hcm-∏pg B¿®v _nj∏v tUmIvS¿Gbv©¬tacn Xncp-ta\n A≤y-£X hln-®p. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ ssZh-Zm-k≥ B¿®v_n-j∏v am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkv {]uVKwò-c-amb Hcp {]kwKw\n¿Δ-ln-®p. ae-¶c k`m Ncn-{X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ X¶-en-]n-I-fn¬ Bte-J\w sNø-s∏´ B {]kwKwC{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcp ImeØpw hnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√mØ Hcp Znh-k-amWv1930 sk]v‰w-_¿ 20. Imc-Ww, B Znh-k-Øn-emWvtbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ Cu temI-Ønse hnImcn-bmb tdmam am¿]m∏ Xncp-ta-\n°v Iogvhg-ßp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]c-a-`m-Kyw F\n°p kn≤n-®-Xv. Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn Fs‚ A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂Hcp hnShv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A∂mWv \nI-Ø-s∏-´-Xv. F\n°p am{Xa-√, Ft∂m-Sp-IqSn CXn-\Iw]p\sscIyw {]m]n® F√m-h¿°p-ap≈ A\p-`-h-am-Wn-Xv. kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv _e-lo-\-\mb Fs∂bpw am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw Ahn-SsØ Ic-ß-fn¬ Bbp-[-ambnD]-tbmKn®-Xns‚ ̂ e-ambn C°-gn™ h¿jw H -́t\Iw AI-tØm-en°m ktlm-Z-c-ßsf ItØm-

e n°mk` -bn - te°vB\-bn -°p -∂ -Xn\ vRßƒ°p km[n-®n-́ p-≠v. ss{IkvXhk`-I-fpsS `n∂n∏v `b-¶camb Hcp ]m]-am-sW-∂p-≈Xv kwi-b-c-

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ae-¶c k`-bnse {]Jym-X-amb ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm\w kamcw-`n-

®Xv Xncp-h-√bnepw Xncp-h-√- AXn-`-{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ lrZ-b-`m-K-amba≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1930 sk]vXw-_¿ 20 \v Xncp-h√`{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ {]Ya A≤y-£-\m-bn-cp∂ `mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mbbmt°m_v am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv Xncp-ta\n ]p\-sscIy kl-in-ev]n-IqSn Bbn-cp-∂p.

hnI-k-\-]mX ˛ {]mcw`L´w1933 \hw-_¿ 6 \v Xncp-h√ `{Zm-k\w kwPm-X-am-bn. Xncp-h√

tI{μ-am°n hmS-I-ho-´n¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm≠v ]p\-sscIy {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw am\-km-¥c {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw hμy-]n-Xmhv t\XrXzw\¬In. Xncp-h√,\ncWw,Abn-cq¿ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬\n∂v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse (hn-hm-ln-X) sshZn-Icpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw ae-¶c ItØm-en° k`-bn-te°v ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´p. Ahn-S-hnsS anj≥tI{μ-ßƒ ÿm]n-X-am-bn. 1933 ¬ Ip∂w-Ipfw ]pen-t°m-´n¬tPmk v̂ dºm\pw 1937 ¬ \ncWw ̀ {Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\m-bn-cp∂ tPmk v̂am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw 1939 ¬ Iv\m\mb am¿ bmt°m-

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^m. kt¥mjv Ag-IØv

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_mb k`m-≤y-£\mbn-cp∂ tXmakv am¿ Zob-kvt°m-tdmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-́ p. 1955P\p-hcn 18 \v am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øbpw 1956 Pq¨ 26 \v am¿ sXtbm-̂ n-temkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw Imew sNbvXp. Cu {]mcw` Ime-L-´-Øn¬ {i≤ \¬In-bn-cp-∂Xv H∂m-a-Xmbn kXy-k-`m-hn-izmkw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]c-ky-ambn{]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ItØm-en° km£y-kwLwcq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]p\-sscIy ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ km≤y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn sshZn-I-]-cn-io-e\w km≤y-am-°p-∂-Xn\vXncp-h√ tI{μ-ambn ssa\¿skan-\mcn kam-cw-`n-°p-IbpwssZh-im-kv{X-]-T\w awK-e-∏pg,]q\, Xr»n-\m-∏≈n apX-embtaP¿ skan-\m-cn-I-fn¬ km≤y-am-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂m-a-Xmbn hnZym-`ymk Imcy-ß-fn¬ apt∂‰ap≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\vkvIqfp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpwe`y -am -bh hmßp -IbpwsNbvXn-cp-∂p. kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en° k`-bpsS]n¥pWB¿Pn-°p-Ibpw B k`-bnse sshZnIhnZym¿∞n-Isf ]cn-io-e\w \¬In Xo£vW-X-bp≈ t{]jnX sshZn-I-cm-°m≥ D≈ ]cn-{i-a-ßfpw hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-∂p. Xncp-h√ sk‚ vtPmk^v {]kv 1934 ¬ Bcw-`n-®p.

ZznXob L´w

1956 apX¬ 1978 hscXncp-h√bpsS ZznXobsa{Xm-\m-bn-cp∂ kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

kmcYyw hf¿® AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ h¿j-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kmº-Øn-I-ambn `{Z-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI ASn-Ød Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fpsS Imew c≠mw hØn-°m≥kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Xpd-hn-bpsS Imew. ]ØmwXcw]m mb 500 ¬ ]cw bph-Xn-Isf P¿Ω-\n-bn-te°vt\gvknw-Kn-\-b®v CS-Øcw IpSpw-_-ßsf kmº-Øn-I-ambn ta¬Ø-c-am-°pI hgn ̀ h-\-ßfpw CS-h-I-Ifpw cq]-Xbpw am{X-a√ a≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿

Xs∂bpw km-º-Øn-I-ambn apt∂‰w IpXn-®p.AtXm-sSm∏w 1998 ¬ `mc-X-∏p-gbv°v hS-t°m´vC∂v ]pØq¿, _tØcn `{Zm -k-\ -ß-fpsSAXn¿Øn-Iƒ hsc t{]jnX {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\vHutZym-Kn-I-ambn ]Xn®pIn´n-b-Xp-hgn `{Zm-k\wXs∂ Cc-´n-bn-te-sd hnkvXr-X-am-bXv \n¿Æm-b-I-amb \o°-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1950 Ifn¬ Bcw-`n®hSt° ae-_m¿ IpSn-tb-‰-°m¿s°m∏w Xncp-h-√-bnse t{]jnX Xo£vW-X-bp≈ bph-ssh-Zn-Icpwk`-bpsS `mK-amb "IpSn-tb‰w' \S-Øn. AXns‚_m°n-]-{Xhpw tijn-∏p-amWv C∂sØ _tØcn

(tijw t]Pv 17)

Macfast College

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ssZh-Øns‚ Zmk-∑m-cn¬ Zmk-\mb ]obqkv sa{Xm≥ imizX-kva-c-W-bv°p-th-≠n.

{]Jym-X-∑m-cmb c≠v ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n sshZn-Im-≤y-£-∑m¿, am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv sa{Xm\pwssZhk-lm-b-Øm¬ Xß-fpsS B´n≥Iq-́ -Ønse GXm\pw sshZn-I-tcmSpwH´-t\Iw P\-ß-tfmSpw IqsS ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bm-Ip∂ ]cn-ip≤ amXm-hns‚ aSn-bn-tebv°p {]th-in-®-t∏mƒ CS-b-∑m-cn¬ {][m-\n-bmb{InkvXp-hn\p hn\o-X-]q¿Δ-Ihpw Xo£vWX-a-hp-amb IrX-⁄-Xsb \mw ka¿∏n-®p. Ch-cpsS a\- n-s\bpw lrZ-b-sØbpw{]Im-i-ß-fpsS ]nXm-hns\ Cu sa{Xm≥am¿ hn\-b-]q¿Δw A\p-k-cn-®-Xn-\mepw B {]tZ-isØ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬{InkvXp-hns‚ cmPy-Øns‚ hym]vXnsb h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kIe am¿§-ß-fnepw IqsS D¬km-l-]q¿Δw Ch¿ {]b-Xv\n-®Xp \nan-Øhpw \mw Chsc lrZb]q¿Δw A`n-\-μn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu hnizm-kn-Iƒ ItØm-en°m sFIysØBt«-jn-®n´v GXm\pw amk-ßƒ I-gn-™-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsSB≤ym-fln-tIm-∂-a-\-Øn\v am¿§-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xn\v \mw B{K-ln-®-Xp-sIm≠v Cu h¿jw s^{_p-hcn ]Xn-aq∂mw XobXn Cuap{Z-bn≥Iogv ""am·pw t\m_nkv'' F∂ A∏-kvtXm-enI teJ\w\mw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®v ae-_m¿ tZi-Øns‚AXn¿Øn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ ]ºm-\-Zn-bm¬ At\ym\yw hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´-Xmb c≠p cq]-X-Isf Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn \mw ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw Cu hμy sa{Xm-∑msc Ah-bpsS Npa-Xe `c-ta-ev]n-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. At¥ym-Iy≥ doØn¬s∏-´-h-cmb Cu ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwJy `mKym-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬ kt¥m-j-{]-Z-amw-hn[w Zn\w-{]Xnh¿≤n-°p-Ibpw Aev]-Im-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ I¿Øm-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-Øm¬GXm\pw Bbn-c-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ae-_m¿ {]tZ-iØv At¥ym-Iy≥ doØn¬ Hcp sshZnI kwÿm\w ÿm]n®v k`m-Im-cy-ßƒ Ahk-tcm-Nn-Xhpw imiz-X-hp-amb hn[-Øn¬ {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv{]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-am-sW∂v \ap°v t_m≤y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. X∂n-anØw{]kvXpX sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS Bh-iy-ßsf A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠pw AXn-t{i-jvT-ß-fmb ]uckvXy k`-I-tfm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kvt\l-Øns‚ Hcp ]pXnbe£yw {]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ B{K-ln-®p-sIm≠pw ]uckvXy C¥y-bpsSZe-KmZv A∏-kvtXm-en-°mbpw ke-ao-\m-bpsS Ah-Im-inbpw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bp-amb \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-c≥ setbm-In-sb¿°ƒkns‚ A\p-Iq-e-amb A`n-{]m-bsØ ap≥Iq´n Adn-™-Xns‚ tijw ]uc-kvXy-k-̀ -bpsS

Xncp-kw-L-Øn¬ \nb-an-X-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ ]cn-ip≤ tdmam-k-`-bpsS I¿±n-\m-f-∑m-cmb \ΩpsS hμy ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsSD]tZ-i-Øm¬ Cu kwK-Xn-Iƒ Bsc-sb√mw _m[n-°p-

kotdm ˛ ae-¶c sslcm¿°nA\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ _qfm

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tam, A√m-Ø-]£w Xßsf _m[n-°p-∂-sX∂v Bsc√mw hnNm-cn-°p-∂p-thm,Ah-cpsS kΩXw Bh-iy-ap-≈-hn[w hmßn-®p-sIm≠pw Xmsg-tN¿°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ A∏kvtXm-en-I-amb A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬\mw Xocp-am-\n-°bpw ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

ae-_m¿ {]tZ-iØv ]ºm-\-Zn-bpsS hS°pw sX°p-ambn ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xpw ta¬ {]kvXm-hn-®-Xp-amb cq]-X-Isf \ndp-Ø¬ sNbvX-tijw Ah-bpsS AXn¿Øn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ At¥ym-Iy≥ doØn¬s∏´ ae-¶c kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿°p th≠n \ho-\hpw hy‡-hp-amb Hcp sshZnIkwÿm-\sØ\mw ÿm]n-°p-∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm knwlm-k-\-sa∂pwXncp-h√m sa{Xm≥ knwlm-k-\-sa∂pw c≠p knwlm-k-\-ßƒ AXn¬D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. sIm√w, tIm´m¿ F∂o cq]-X-I-fp-sSbpw sIm®n cq]-X-bpsS Z£n-W-`m-K-Øn-s‚bpw AXn¿Øn-I-tfmSp IqSnb Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw AXn-cq-]-X-bn¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, sIm´m-c-°-c, ASq¿, ]Ø-\w-Xn-́ , amth-en-°-c, Imbw-Ip-fw, sNß-∂q¿ F∂o Unkv{Sn-Iv‰p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

3. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS knwlm-k-\sØ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw]´-W-Øn¬ \mw ÿm]n-°p-∂p. B ]´-W-Øn¬\n∂v AXn-cq-]-Xbv°vAXns‚ \maw kn≤n-°bpw sNøp-∂p.

4. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-bpsS ssZhm-e-bsØ Cu \ho\k`m-kw-ÿm-\-Øns‚ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ≥ ]≈n-bmbn \mw ÿm]n-°p-∂p.X≥aqew B ssZhm-e-bsØ AXns‚ AXmXp ImesØ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am¿°pw At¥ym-Iy≥ kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS km[m-c-W-\n-b-ahpw \nb-am-\p-kr-X-amb BNm-c-ßfpw A\p-k-cn-®p≈ kIe Ah-Im-i-ß-fpw, \nb-a-ßfpw _lp-am-\-ßfpw A[n-Im-c-ßfpw \mw \¬Ip-∂p. H∂m-a-Xmbnhnip≤ kwL-Ønse A∏-kvtXm-enI knwlm-k-\-Øn¬\n∂v At]-£n®phmßn-b-tijw Ah-cpsS sshZnIkwÿm-\-Øns‚ AXr-Øn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬sshZnI I¿Ω-ß-fpsS \nb-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v ]menbw [cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw Ahn-SpsØ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-am¿°v D≠mbncn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

5. hmcm-∏p-g, hnP-b-]pcw F∂o cq]-X-I-fp-sSbpw sIm®n cq]-X-bpsShSt° `mK-Øn-s‚bpw AXr-Øn-°p-≈n¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ Xncp-h√mcq]-X-bn¬ Xncp-h-√, \nc-Ww, tIm´bw aqhm-‰p-]p-g, Ip∂w-Ipfw F∂oUnkv{Sn-Iv‰p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.1

6. Xncp-h√m sa{Xms‚ knwlm-k\w Xncp-h√m ] -́W-Øn¬ \mw ÿm]n-°p-∂p. B ]´-W-Øn¬ \n∂p cq]-Xbv°v AXns‚ \maw kn≤n-°bpwsNøp-∂p.

1. 1958-˛¬ Xncp-h√m cq]-X-bpsS AXrØn ae-_m¿ {]tZ-i-tØbv°pwa{Zm-kv, ssakq¿ kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS GXm\pw `mK-tØbv°pw hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

7. Xncp-h-√m-bnse sa{Xm-k-\-∏-≈n°pw AXn¬ AXmXp Imew `cn-°p∂ sa{Xm-∑m¿°pw At¥ym-Iy≥ kpdn-bm\n k`-bn-ep≈ km[m-cW\nb-ahpw \ymb-amb \S∏pw A\p-k-cn-®p≈ kIe Ah-Im-i-ß-fpw, \nb-

a-ß-fpw, _lp-am-\-ß-fpw, A[n-Im-c-ßfpw \mw \¬Ip-∂p.

8. Xncp-h-√m-bnse sa{Xm-k-\-∏-≈nsb Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS k{^-K≥]-≈n-bmbn \mw ÿm]n-°p-∂p.

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AhnsS AXm-Xp-Imew `cn-°p∂ sa{Xm-∑msc Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw AXn-sa-{Xms‚ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-bv°-SpØ Ah-Im-iØn\v \mw A[o-\-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

9. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ ]≈n-bp-sSbpw AXns‚ AXmXpImesØ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cp-sSbpw Xncp-h√m sa{Xm-k-\-∏-≈n-bp-sSbpwAXns‚ AXmXp ImesØ sa{Xm-∑m-cp-sSbpw ta¬ a‰p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ ]≈n-I-sfbpw Ah-bpsS sa{Xm-∑m-scbpw kw_-‘n-°p∂ `mc-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw \mw \nt£-]n-°p-∂p.

10. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØbpw Xncp-h-√m-bn-sebpw sshZn-Im-≤y-£-∑m-cpsSknwlm-k-\-ß-fn¬ BZy-tØ-Xns\ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ]´-W-Øn¬ ssZh-am-Xm-hmb ]cn-ip≤ I\y-I-bpsS \ma-Øn-epw, c≠m-a-tØ-Xns\ Xncp-h√m \K-c-Øn¬hn. tbml-∂m≥ ivfolm-bpsS \ma-Ønepw kwÿm-]n-°p-∂p. X∂n-anØw CussZhm-e-b-ßƒ°v C\nbpw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc a‰p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ ]≈n-Iƒ°pw sa{Xm-k-\-∏-≈n-Iƒ°p-ap≈ kIe Ah-Im-i-ßfpw \nb-a-ßfpw \mw\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

11. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw sa{Xm-s‚bpw \nXy-s®-e-hn-\p-th≠n hnizm-kn-Iƒ km[m-c-W-ambn sNøm-dp≈ Zm\-ßfpw Cu ]≈n-Iƒ°v GsX-¶nepwAh-Im-i-{]-Imcw kn≤n-°p∂ hc-hp-Ifpw PwK-a-ßfpw \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

12. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØbpw Xncp-h-√m-bn-sebpw k`-I-fpsS `c-W-\n¿h-l-W-sØbpw \nb-a-{]-Imcw Btem-N-\m-kw-L-Øns‚ sXc-s™Sp-∏n-s\-bpw, skan-\m-cn-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw sshZn-I-cp-sSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-ßƒ F∂n-h-sbbpw Ghw hn[-ap≈ Imcy-ß-sfbpw kw_-‘n®p ]cn-ip≤ Imt\m-\n¬ F{]-Imcw Iev]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂pthm A{]-Imcw sNbvXp-sIm-≈-W-sa∂p \mw Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {][m-\-ambn sshZn-Isc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ta¬{]-kvXm-hn® AXn-cq-]-X-bp-sSbpw cq]-X-bp-sSbpw ÿm]\w \n¿Δ-ln-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ sshZn-I¿ GXp cq]-X-bpsS A[n-Im-c-ko-a-bn¬ \nb-a-{]-ImcwXma-kn-°p-∂pthm B cq]-X-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´-h-cmbn Ah¿ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂p \mw \n›-bn-°p-∂p.

13. Ah-km-\-ambn ta¬{]-kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p∂ \nb-a-ßsf AXmXp ImesØkml-N-cy-ßƒ A\p-k-cn®p am‰p-∂-Xn-\pw, A\yYm Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw,I¿Øm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ DNn-X-ambn tXm∂p-∂h At∏m-sg√mw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ A[n-Imcw \Ωnepw A∏-kvtXm-enI knwlm-k-\-Ønepw \mw kw{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Bb-Xp-sIm≠p Imcy-ß-sf√mw C{]-Imcw \n›-bn-®-Xn-\p-tijw \ΩpsShμy ktlm-Z-c\pw ]uckvXy C≥Uy-bpsS Ze-KmZv At∏m-kvtXm-en-°m-bp-ambsetbm-In-b¿°¬kns\ Cu \n›-b-ß-sf√mw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n \mw\ntbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Ch-bpsS bYm¿∞ \n¿Δ-l-W-Øn¬ D≠m-tb-°m-hp∂ kIeX¿°-ß-sfbpw XS-bp-∂-Xn\p am{X-a-√, k`m-kw-_-‘-amb DtZym-K-Øntemÿm\-Øntem \nb-an-X-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ thsdm-cmsf {]kvXpX Imcy-Øn-\mbn\ntbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bh-iyhpw DNn-X-hp-amb kIe A[n-Im-c-ßfpw \mwAt±-l-Øn\p \¬Ip-∂p. bYm¿∞ \n¿Δ-l-Wm¿∞w sNbvXn-´p≈{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS HutZym-Kn-I-amb Hcp dnt∏m¿´v Cu teJ\w In´n

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Bdp-am-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]uc-kvXy-k-̀ -bpsS Xncp-knw-lm-k-\-Øn-tebv°v Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Npa-X-ebpw \mw At±-l-Øn¬ \nt£-]n-°p-∂p.

ta¬ {]kvXm-hn® kwK-Xn-I-tfmSp _‘-ap-≈-htcm _‘-ap-s≠∂phnNm-cn-°p-∂-htcm Bb Bsc-¶nepw kv]jvShpw {]tXy-I-hp-amb ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂mepw \mw Ahsc {i≤n-®n-s√-∂m-Inepw CuteJ-\-sØbpw AXn¬ D≈-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ GsXmcp kwl-Xn-sbbpw A]-e-]n-°p-Itbm \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm Ak-Xy-Øn-s‚tbm A]q¿Æ-k-Xy-Øn-s‚tbm Akm-[p-Xz-Øn-s‚tbm Dt±-iyip-≤n-bp-sStbm hmkvX-hhpw Ahn-Nm-cn-X-hp-amb a‰p bmsXm-∂n-s‚tbm tZmjw Btcm-]n®p X¿°n-°tbmsNø-cp-sX∂p \mw B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \ΩpsSbYm¿∞-amb Adn-thmSpw ]q¿Æ-amb A[n-Im-c-tØmSpw IqsS-bm-bn-cp-∂m¬F{]-Im-ctam A{]-Imcw Xs∂ Ch F°m-ehpw km[p-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ch Bsc-sb√mw _‘n-°ptam Ah-sc√mw Ch A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. adn®v GsX-¶nepw A[n-Im-c-ap≈ Bsc-¶nepw Adnt™m Adn-b-sXtbm Ch-bvs°-Xn-cmbn {]h¿Øn-®m¬ AXp ]q¿Æ-ambn Akm-[phpw^e-iq-\yhpw Bbn-cn-°pw. Ah-km-\-ambn Cu teJ-\-Øns‚ `mK-ßƒA®-Sn-°-s∏-´-hbpw GsX-¶nepw t\m´dn ]_vfn-°ns‚ ssIsbmt∏m k`m-kw-_-‘-amb DtZym-K-Øntem ]Z-hn-bntem \nb-an-X-\mb Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepwap{Ztbm D≈-hbpw Bb-ncp∂m¬ Cu teJ\w CXns‚ aqe-Øn¬ Xs∂{]Z¿in-°-s∏-´m¬ e`n-°p∂ hnizm-kyX F{]-Im-ctam A{]-Imcw Xs∂AXn\p e`n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂p \mw \n›-bn-°p-∂p. cq]-Xm-]-c-tam, kwÿm-\-]-c-tam, km[m-c-W-tam, km¿Δ-{Xn-Itam Bb kq\-l-tZm-kp-I-fm¬ {]Jym-]n-X-ß-fmb \nb-a-ßtfm \n›-b-ßtfm \ΩpsS ap≥Km-an-I-fmb ]m∏m-am-cn¬ Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw Xocp-am-\-ßtfm at‰-sX-¶nepw kwK-Xn-Itfm {]Xn-Iq-e-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ Xs∂bpw Cu teJ\w km[p-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚bpw \n¿Δ-l-W-Øn-s‚-bpw {]Xm-]-Øn-s‚-bpw \nb-a-Øn-s‚-bpw kl-I-c-W-Øn-s‚-bpw A\p-{I-a-Øn-s‚-bpw \ΩpsS a\- n-s‚bpwe£y-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu \ΩpsS teJ-\sØ Bsc-¶nepw ewLn-°tbmFXn¿°p-Itbm sNømsX Ccn-°-s´. {]XypX Bsc-¶nepw hnNm-c-iq-\y-ambn CXn\p Xp\n-bp-∂-]£w k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw Ahn-SpsØ A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cmb `mKy-s∏´ ]t{Xm-kn-s‚-bpw- ]u-eq-kn-s‚bpwtIm]w Ahs‚ ta¬ hogp-sa∂v Ah≥ [cn-®p-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNø-s´.

Bbn-c-Øn-sXm-≈m-bn-cØn ap∏-Øn-c≠mw h¿jw Pq¨ amkw ]Xn-s\m∂mw XobXn hnip≤ _¿∂-_mkv A∏-kvtXm-es‚ Xncp-\mƒ Znhkw\ΩpsS ̀ c-W-Øns‚ ]Xn-s\m∂mw h’-c-Øn¬ tdman¬ hn. ]t{Xm-kns‚ssZheb-Øn¬sh®p {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv.

{^mØ¿ B≥t{Z-tbmkv I¿±n-\mƒ ^qhØvhnip≤ tdmam-k-`-bpsS Nm≥k-e¿

F. I¿±n-\mƒ knt©mtdmhn. Ing-°≥k`-bpsS Xncp-kw-L-Øns‚ sk{I-´dn

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sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 2015

Xn-cp-h√ AXn-cq-]X hnI-k\ ]mX-bn¬ 12-̨ mw t]Pv XpS¿®

`{Zm-k-\hpw ]pØq¿ ̀ {Zm-k-\-hpw. a≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse ÿe-]-cn-anXn ]≈n-∏p-c-bn-SsØ A]-cym-]vX-am-°n-sb-¶n¬ ae-_m-dns‚ hnkvXrXn ]≈n-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw Irjn-ÿ-e-ßƒ kz¥-am-°p-hm≥ D’m-ln-®Xv ]n¬°m-eØvGsd KpW-I-c-ambn. _tØcn `{Zm-k-\-Øn\v Dd-∏p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-an-Sp-hm≥ \Sp-\m-b-IXzw hln-®Xvhμy-]n-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. _lp. tXmakv t\cy-º-d-ºn-e-®\pw tdman¬ sshZn-I-]-T\w ]q¿Øn-bm°nh∂ _lp. sFkIv Iq -́πm-°n-e-®\pw Soapw c≠pZi-I-ßƒ t{]jn-X \n¬]m-Sp-X-d-bn¬ Dd®v \n∂v{]h¿Øn-®p. IqSmsX C∂v Xncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Ønepw ae-¶c ItØm-en° k`bv°pw A`n-am-\-amb ]pjv]-Kncn saUn-°¬ tImf-Pn\pw kl-ÿm-] -\ -ßƒ°pwXpS°w Ipdn-®Xv AØ-\m-kn-tbmkvXncp-ta-\n-bpsS {Im¥-Z¿in-Xz-am-bn-cp-∂p. CS -h -I -Iƒ kmº-ØnIkzbw]cym -] vXn -bn -se-Øp-hm≥Irjnsb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm≥Pm{K-X-bp≈ \b-k-ao-]-\-ßƒ°vt\XrXzw \¬In. Bcm-[-\-{I-a-Øn-s‚ X\n-abpw ]cn-ip-≤nbpw kwc-£n-°p -hm\pw \ne -\n¿Øp-hm\pwAXy¥w Pm{KX ]pe¿Øn-bXpwhnkva-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√, hnkvX-cn-t°-≠-Xp-a-t{X. IqSmsX bqtdm-∏n-ep≈kplr-Øp-°-fpsS klmbw t\Sn`{Zm-k-\sØ kmº-Øn-I-ambn \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw hμy-]n -Xmhv Gsd {i≤n-®p._tØcn cq]-Xsb kz]v\w-I≠v, AXn-\p-th≠\o°-ßƒ tdman¬ \SØn aS-ßn-h-csh 1977sk]vXw-_¿ 27 \v hμy-]n-Xmhv BI-kvan-I-ambnIme-b-h-\n-I-bv°p-≈n-te°v ad-™p.

Xncp-h√ AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS t{]£nX hb-emWvssltd©v taJ-e-Iƒ. IpSn-tb‰v P\-X-bpsSBflob Bh-iy-ßƒ I≠-dn™v XpS-ßnbanj≥ tI{μ-ßƒ C∂v hf¿∂v ap∏-tXmfw CS-h-I-I-fmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ssltd©v anj≥{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpsS XpS-°-°m-cmb _lp. ]pc-bv°-e-®-t\bpw \oew-πm-hn-e-®-t\bpw hnkva-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. C∂v ssltd©v hf¿®-bpsS ]mX-bn-em-Wv.A`n. ^oen-t∏mkv am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv ]nXm-hns‚ km∂n-≤yhpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ChnsS{]tNm-Z-\hpw Du¿÷-hp-ambn amdp-∂p.

hnI-k-\-Øns‚ XrXo-b-L´w 1977-̨ 2003

1977 ¬ sXmgn-bq¿ kzX{¥ kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsSXe-h≥ ]utemkv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS ]p\-sscIyw Gsd {]Xo£\¬Inb kw -̀h-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1978 ¬ hS-s° ae-_m-

dns‚ anj\-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ _lp. sFkIv Iq´-πm-°n-e-®≥ sFkIv am¿ bql-t\m≥ F∂ \mawkzoI-cn®v Xncp-h-√-bpsS A≤y-£-\mbn ÿm\-ta-‰p. D∂X hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ \„-kz-]v\-ambn XpS-cp-tºmƒ, a‰p km≤y-X-Iƒ hgn-ap-´nb thf-bn¬, Xncp-h√ sk‚ v tPm¨kv tImfPvBcw-̀ n-®Xpw, t\gvkdn ̨ Cw•ojv aoUnbw kvIqfp-Iƒ km≤y-am-°p∂ CS-ß-fn-sems° XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\pw hμy-]n-Xmhv t{]m’m-l\w \¬In. Ahhf¿∂p ]S¿∂v ]¥-en®v C∂v D∂X \ne-hmcw]pe¿Øp∂ kn.-_n.-F-kv.-C., tIcf kne-_kvCw•ojv aoUnbw kvIqfp-Ifpw PqWn-b¿ tImf-Pp-I-fp-ambn hf¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. anj≥ tI{μ-ßƒ

Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \h-amb apt∂‰w \S-Øp-hm≥C°m-e-b-f-hn¬ Xncp-h√ ̀ {Zm-k-\-Øn\p Ign-™p.k]vX-h-’c kmcYyw ]q¿Øn-bm°n bqlm-t\m≥]nXmhv 1988 ¬ A`n-jn-‡-\mb Koh¿Kokv am¿Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS `c-W-Imew \m\m-Xp-d-I-fn-ep≈ hf¿® \n¿Æ-bn®A\p - {K -loX Ime-L-´ -am -bn -cp∂p. ssZh-hnfnIfm¬ kº-∂-am-b, A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb sshZn-Isc hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-hm≥ tdm. epshbv≥ k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-I-fn-te°v sshZn-Isc Ab-®, Po¿Æ-X-bn-em-bn-cp∂ BZy-Ime ssZhm-e-b-ßƒ at\m-l-c-ambn cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXp. ]p\¿\n¿Ωn® aoUnbwkvIqfp-Iƒ Bcw-`n -°p-Ibpw hf¿Øp-IbpwsNbvXp. D∂X kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\vXpS°w Ipdn® ae-¶-c-bpsS A`n-am-\-kvXw-`-amb]pjv]-Kncn kzm{ib saUn-°¬ tImfPv ÿm]n®vkmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Znim-t_m[w\¬In. cq]-X-bpsSIo¿Øn-kvXw-`-ambIØo-{U¬ \h-ambnc q ] - I - e v ] \

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sNbvXp\n¿Ωn®p, k\ymk {]ÿm-\-ßsfkzmKXw sNbvX, aqhm-‰p-]pg `{Zm-k\w km≤y-am-°nb, `mhn-bn-te-°p≈ k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑mscIs≠Øn hf¿Øp-Ibpw sa{Xm≥ÿm\-tØ-°p-b¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX, \∑-bp-sSbpw \nd-hn-s‚bpwkar-≤n-bp-sSbpw AS-bmf ine-Iƒ Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. Xncp-h-√-bpsS hf¿® ssZh-hn-fn-I-fnepw sshZn-I-cpsS FÆ-Ønepw F°m-e-sØ-°mƒ Db¿∂ Hcp Ime-L-́ w. anj≥ tI{μ-ß-fn¬at\m-l-chpw _rl-Øp-amb ssZhm-e-b-ßƒ\n¿Ωn®v hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bfl-hn-izmkw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n® Hcp Ime-L-´w. `-h\\n¿Ωm-Ww, D∂XhnZym-̀ ymkw XpS-ßn-b-hbv°v \n¿tem]w klmbw\¬Inb Ime-L-´w. `{Zm-k-\-Ønse kwLm-fl-Ihpw kwL-Sn-X-hp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf Ie-h-d-bn-√msX t{]m’m-ln-∏n® Ime-L-́ w. CXn-s\√mwaIpSw Nm¿Øp-amdv 2002 ¬ aqhm-‰p-]pg `{Zm-k\wkm-≤y-am-°p-Ibpw klm-b-sa-{Xm≥ tXmakv am¿

Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\nsb `{Zm-k-\m-≤y-£-\mbn\nb-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2003 ¬ k`m-\n-ba{]Imcw 75 hb v ]q¿Øn-bm°n ]nXmhv {]m¿∞\m ̨ hn{ia Pohn-X-Øn-te°v \n¿hr-Xn-tbmsS]n≥hm-ßp-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn Hcp bpKw Ah-km-\n-®p.

hn-I-k-\-]m-X-bn¬ apt∂-dp∂ 4˛mw L´w: 2003

2003 ¬ sFkIv am¿ ¢nΩokv Xncp-ta\n `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\mbXv Gsd {]Xo£ ]I¿∂p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ im¥-X-bn¬\n∂v bph-Xz-Øns‚ {]k-cn-∏n-te-°p≈ IpXn-®p-Nm-´-am-bn-Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. \ne-hn-ep≈ kml-N-cy-ßsf ]c-am-h[n hn\n-abw sNbvX Hcp L´w. 2006 ¬ AXn--̀{Zm-k-\-ambn Xncp-h√ k`m-X-e-Øn¬ Db¿Ø-s∏-

´p. Xncp-h-√-bpsS A≤y-£≥,sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥B¿®p-_n-j--∏mbn hmgvØ-s∏-

´p. tlmw anj≥, tlmwt^m¿ Hmƒ XpS-ßnb]≤-Xn-Iƒ kam-cw-`n-®p.2007 sabv 2 \v aqhm-‰p-]pg `{Zm-k-\m-≤y£≥A`n-hμy tXmakv am¿

Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ B¿®p-_n-j-∏mbnÿm\-ta-‰p. ap≥Km-an-Iƒ sXfn® I¿Ω-]-Y-ß-fn-eqsS AXn-cq-]-Xsb hnI-k-\-]m-X-bn¬ \bn-°p-∂p. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ AS-bmfine-I-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´Xv D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-hm\pw FÆn-∏-d-bp-hm\pw t]m∂ÿm]-\-ßƒ Xncp-h√ AXn-cq-]-Xbv°v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-≠v. aoUnbw kvIq fp-Iƒ, s{Sbn-\nwKvtImf-Pv, B¿´vkv & kb≥kv tImf-Pv, imkv{X-km-t¶-XnI anIhp ]pe¿Øp∂ amIv^mÃv tImf-Pv, t\gvknwKv ˛ ]mcm-sa-Un-°¬ tImf-Pp-Iƒ,sU‚¬ tImf-Pv, ]n.-Pn. tImgvkp-Iƒ, kpdn-bm\n`mjm ]T\ Kth-jW _ncpZ-Zm-\-Øn\v sk‚ vFt{^wkv FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ dnk¿®v C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,s{Sbn-\nwKv C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, s{]mU-£≥ sk‚¿ XpS-ßnbh Cu Zni-bn-ep≈ tkh\ taJ-e-I-fm-Wv.]pjv]-Kncn saUn-°¬ tImfPv ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v tUmŒ-d¬, t]mÃv tUmŒ-d¬ _ncpZw t\SnHmtcm h¿jhpw cmPy-tk-h-\-Øn\p hcp-∂-h-cn¬\ΩpsS F√m `{Zm-k-\-ß-fp-sSbpw {]mXn-\n[ywDd-∏m-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v. t\gvknwKv ÿm]\wIgn™ 45 h¿j-ß-fmbn 3000 ¬ Gsd t\gvkp-amsc ]cn-io-en-∏n®v cmPyØpw cmPym-¥c Xe-Ønepw anI-hp-‰-h-cm°n F∂Xv kmaq-lnI hnI-k-\-Øn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-am-bn-´p-≠v. kmaq-ln-I-cw-KØv "t_m[\'bpsS tkh\w t{ib- p-‰-Xm-Wv.AKXnaμn-c-ßfpw A\m-Ym-e-b-ßfpw \S-Øp-hm≥D’m-ln-°p-∂p. hnZym-`ymk klm-bw, hnhm-l-k-lm-bw, `h-\-\n¿ΩmW klm-bw, kzbwsXmgn¬, IpSpw-_-{io, Ab¬°q-´w, _me-t_m-[-\w, kv{Xokp-c-£, ssN¬Uv sl¬∏v sse≥, D®-`-£W hnX-cWw ˛ GXp Zni-bn-emWv {i≤ IS-∂p-sN-√m-ØXv?

ÿnXn-hn-hc IW-°p-Iƒ

Xncp-h√ AXn-cq-]X C∂vsshZn-I¿ ˛ 129dnen-Pn-bkv sshZn-I¿ ˛ 17kntÃgvkv ˛ 284CS-h-I-Iƒ ˛ 130anj≥ sk‚-dp-Iƒ ˛ 5kvIqfp-Iƒ

kn.-_n.-F-kv.C ˛ 20Fbn-UUv ˛ 14

kvs]jy¬ kvIqƒ ˛ 1saUn-°¬ tImfPv ˛ 1tImf-Pp-Iƒ ˛ 6sFSnkn ˛ 1s{]mU-£≥ sk‚¿ ˛ 1]mÃ-d¬ sk‚¿ ˛ 2hr≤-k-Z\w ˛ 3]ªn-t°-j≥kv ˛ 2{]n‚nwKv {]kv ˛ 2

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Iq\≥IpcnivkXy-Øn-\p-tijw H∂mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS "hmgvN'

\S-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu hmgvN sX‰m-sW∂pw ]p\-sscIyw km[n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw am¿tØm-Ωmbv°pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°pw \n›-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v H∂mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬Øs∂ ]p\-sscIy{ia-ßƒ Bcw-̀ n-®p. Ch-cpsS ]p\-sscIywkm[n-t°-≠-Xn\p tdman¬\n∂pw 1656-˛¬ "IΩo-kdn'bmb \nbp-‡-\mb ^m. tPmk^v sk_-kvXym-\nbpw ]cn-{i-an-®p.

]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ hym]-I-amb tXmXn¬ kwL-Sn-X-am-bXv Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv tI{μ-am-°n-bm-Wv. \m´p-Im-c-\mb ]d-ºn¬ Nm≠n IØ-\m¿ sa{Xm-\m-b-tXmsS `n∂-X-bpsS B°w hfsc Ipd-™p. `qcn-]£w CSh-I-°mcpw Nm≠n sa{Xms‚ t\XrXzw kzoI-cn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. ]pØ≥Iq-‰p-Im-cpsS Hcp alm-tbm-K-Ønse \n-›-b-a-\p-k-cn®v ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\p Xßƒ AXnbmbn B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂pwF∂m¬ AXn\p c≠p-Im-cy-ßƒ km[n-®p-X-c-W-sa∂pw Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-́ p. H∂m-a-Xmbn tXmΩm B¿®p Uo°\p sa{Xm≥]´w \¬I-Ww. c≠m-a-Xmbn At±-l-Øn\p `c-Wm-[n-Imcw \¬I-Ww.B¿®pUo°≥ kzbw kzoI-cn® sa{Xm≥]´w ]c-ky-ambn Dt]-£n-°s´ F∂pw `c-Wm-[n-Imcw \¬Ip∂ Imcyw tdmanse A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS am{Xsa km[n°q F∂p-ap≈ \ne-]m-SmWv H∂mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ImeØv ]p\-ssc-Iy-bXv\w ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-Ww.c≠mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bp-sSbpw (1670-̨ 86) aq∂mw am¿tØmΩm-bp-sSbpw(1686-̨ 1688) ImeØp Imcy-amb ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ \S-Øn-b-XmbnsXfn-hn-√. CXn\p ImcWw ItØm-en°m sa{Xm-∑m-cn¬\n∂pbYm¿∞-amb sa{Xm-̀ n-tj-Itam am¿]m-∏-bn¬\n∂p k`m-[n-Im-ctam

^m. tkhy¿ IqS-∏pg

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Xßƒ°v e`n-°p-hm≥ CS-bn√F∂ t_m≤y-am -bn -cn -°mw.F∂m¬ ]d-ºn¬ Nm≠nsa{Xms‚ ]cn -{i-a -^-e-ambnIpsd Bfp-Iƒ ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´p.

\memw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS {ia-ßƒ

aq∂mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ac-W-tijw 1686-̨ 1728 Ime-b-f-hn¬]pØ≥Iq¿ k`sb \bn-®XvCt±-l-am-Wv. ItØm-en°m ]p\-ssc -Iy -Øns‚ Bh-iy -IXicn°pw a\- n-em-°nb \memwam¿tØmΩm Bflm¿∞-amb]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ \SØn.Ct±lw Xs‚ Iogn-ep≈ 29]≈n-°m-cp-sSbpw 12 sshZnI{][m-\n-I-fp-sSbpw ssIsøm-t∏m-Sp -IqSn 1704 ¬ Cu e£ywap≥\n¿Øn s¢a‚ v XI (1700-̨ 1721)am¿]m-∏bv°p ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-\p-th≠n Hcp At]£ ka¿∏n-®p.

Cu At]£ A©p-Im-cy-ß-fmWv {][m-\-ambpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv. \{kmWnkap-Zm-b-Øn¬D≠mb `n∂-X-bpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn -Iƒ t]m¿´p -Ko -kp-Im-cmbCutimk`-°m-cm -Wv. I¿Ω-eoØ sshZn-Isc ae-_m-dn-te-°-b-®-Xn¬ am¿]m-∏bv°p IrX-⁄X {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂p. kpdn-bm\n {Iaw ae-¶-c-bn-seßpw B-N-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww. hcm-∏p-g-bnse Bs©-eqkv{^m≥knkv sa{Xm-\p-ambn kl-I-cn®v ae-¶-c-bnse ItØm-en°sc ̀ cn-°p-hm-\p≈ A[n-Im-c-]{Xw Ab-®p-sImSp-°-Ww. hn.

Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ]pfn® A∏hpw]pfn-°mØ A∏hpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p -hm≥ A\p -h -Zn -°-Ww.{]kvXpX At]-£-bv°v tdman¬\n∂v A\p-Iq-etam {]Xn-Iq-etam

Bb bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw e`n-®n-√.

A©mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS{ia-ßƒ

1728 apX¬ 1765 hsc `cWw\S-Ønb A©mw am¿tØm-Ωmbpw ]p\-sscIy{]m]vXn -°mbn hf-sc-b-[nIw ]cn-{i-an-®p.Ct±lw 1748 HmKÃv 16 \v _\-UnŒv 14-˛m-a≥ ]m∏mbv°v HcpAt]£ Ab-®p. {]kvXpXAt]-£-bn¬ Xs∂bpw Xs‚

Iogn-ep≈ sshZn-I-sc-bpw P\-ß-sfbpw kzoI-cn-°-W-sa-∂v A-t±lw A`y¿∞n-®p. IqSmsX"{Ko°p-Im¿°v A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse ]pfn® A∏w' D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kzmX{¥ywXßƒ°pw thW-sa∂v A`y¿∞n-®p. I¿Ω-eo-Øm-°m-cpsSkl-I-cWw \¬I-W-sa -∂-`y¿∞n-®-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w, ChnsS\n∂v t]m¿´p-Kokv sa{Xms\ am‰-W-sa∂pw AtX IØn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-́ ncp-∂p. Cu IØv hcm-∏pghnImcn A∏-kvtXm-en-°m-bpsSB⁄m-\p-k-cWw ̂ m. t_m\n-^kv F∂ I¿Ω-eoØm sshZn-I -\mWv tdman -se -Øn -® -X v .am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS At]-£-bn¬ItØm-en°m kss`-Iy-Øn¬\n∂p ̀ n∂n®p t]mb-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m -I -s´, Ip‰ -I -c -am -b -hn[wsa{Xm≥]´w kzoI-cn-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-I-s´, bmsXmcp a\-kvXm-]hpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√m-Ø-Xp -sIm≠pw t]m¿´p -Kokvsa{Xms\ am‰-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-®-Xp-sIm≠pw tdman¬\n∂pw A\p-Iq-e-amb Xocp-am-\-a√ D≠m-b-Xv.

Bdmw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS {ia-ßƒ

kpZo¿L-amb 43 h¿j-°mew(1765-˛1808) ae-¶-c-k-`sb `cn®Bdmw am¿tØm-Ωm -bpsSImesØ ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒhfsc {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. ItØm-en°m k`-bp-ambn]q¿Æ-amb sFIy-Øn-em-Im≥At±lw Xo{h-ambn B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

sa{Xm-`n-tj-I-Øn-\p-ap-ºp≈]cn-{i-a-ßƒ

Bdmw am¿tØmΩm ae-¶ckpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS t\Xm-hmbnA[n-Imcw Gs‰-Sp -Ø-bp-S≥

\{kmWn kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ D≠mb `n∂-X-bpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cmb Cutim k -̀°m-cm-Wv.I¿Ω-eoØ sshZn-Isc ae-_m-dn-te-°-b-®-Xn¬ am¿]m-∏bv°p IrX-⁄X {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂p. kpdn-bm\n {Iawae-¶-c-bn-seßpw B-N-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww.hcm-∏p-g-bnse Bs©-eqkv {^m≥knkv sa{Xm-\p-ambnkl-I-cn®v ae-¶-c-bnse ItØm-en°sc `cn-°p-hm-\p≈ A[n-Im-c-]{Xw Ab-®p-sImSp-°-Ww. hn.Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ]pfn® A∏hpw ]pfn-°mØ A∏hpwD]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww.

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ItØm-en°m ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ Bcw -`n -®p . F∂m¬Cßs\ ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒXs‚ P\-ßƒ as‰mcp doØn-s\tbm AXns‚ sa{Xm-∑m-sctbm C„-s∏-Sm-bvI-sIm≠vXm≥ Ah-cpsS sa{Xm-\mbn A`n-jn-‡-\m-tI--≠Xv Bh-iy-amWvF∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°n.IqSmsX Cu {ia-ßƒ hnP-b-a-IpSw NqS-W-sa-¶n¬ tdmans‚{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn tIc-f-Øn¬{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ Bflm¿∞-amb Xmev]cyw {]Z¿in-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂pw At±lw {Kln-®p.AXn-\m¬ A∂sØ hnImcnA∏-kvtXm -en -°-bm -bn -cp∂tam¨. ^vtfmd≥kns\ kao-]n®v Xs‚ ]p\-sscIym`nemjwAdn-bn-®p. ̂ vtfmd≥kv C°mcyw1768 \hw-_¿ 3˛mw XobXn ^m.C¬U-t^m¨kv hgn tdman¬Adn-bn-®p. Iq´-Øn¬ At±lwXt‚-Xmb Hcp dnt∏m¿´pwka¿∏n-®p. "A∏-kvtXm-enIvt{]mt´m-t\m-´dn' F∂ ]Zhn\¬Ip-hm≥ At±lw ip]m¿isNbvXp. {]kvXpX dnt∏m¿´p]Tn-®-tijw am¿tØm-Ωmbv°pbYm¿∞ ssIh-bv]n-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-Øn\v t{]mt´m-t\m-´dn F∂ shdp-samcp ]Zhn\¬Ip-hm≥ Xøm-dmWv F∂m-bn-cp∂p HmK-Ãv 3 -˛mw XobXntdman¬\n-∂p≈ adp-]-Sn.

ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ Cß-s\-bn-cn-s°-bmWv am¿ {KnKdn F∂bmt°m-_mb sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bn¬\n∂v am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvF∂ ]pXnb t]cv kzoI-cn-®p--sIm≠v 1772 P\p-hcn amk-Ønse BZy Rmb-dmgvN Bdmwam¿tØmΩm sa{Xm≥]´w kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

sa-{Xm-`n -tj-Im-\-¥cw \S-Ønb ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ

hnImcn A∏-kvtXm-en°maptJ-\-bp≈ ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ hn^-e-ambn F∂p-I≠ am¿ Znh∂ym-kntbmkv ]n∂oSv e£y-{]m-]vXn-°mbn sImSp-ß-√q¿ B¿®p-_n-j∏v km¬h-tZm-dns\ kao-]n-®p.]t£ {]mbm-[n-Iyhpw a‰pwImcWw CXn-\mbn Fs¥-¶nepwsNøm≥ At±lw Xmev]cywImWn-®n-√. 1773 HmKÃv 20-˛mw

XobXn A¶-am-en-bn¬ ktΩ-fn® P\-ßƒ am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS]p\-ssc--Iy-Øn-\p≈ A`y¿∞\tdman-e-dn -bn-°-W-sa∂v A∏-kvtXm-enIv hnkn-‰-dmb ^m.temd≥kn-t\mSv At]-£n-®p.At±lw Cu At]£ tdman-e-dn-bn-®p. CtX-Øp-S¿∂v km-ekvF∂ I¿Ω-eoØm sshZn-I\pw1773-˛¬ CXv kw_-‘n®v Hcpdnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-®p. \m´p-Im-c-\mb Hcp sa{Xms\ \¬Ip-∂-

A`n. bm-t°m_v am¿sXtbm^ntemkv

ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\ln-X≥,

ssZh-` -‡≥ F∂ Xs‚ \ma-Øns‚ A¿∞w Pohn-X-Øn-eqsSa‰p-≈-h¿°p ]I¿∂p \¬InbXncp -h√ AXn-` -{Zm -k-\-Øns‚"A∏≥'. H∂p-an-√m-bva-bn¬ `{Zm-k-\sØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ssZhw\ntbm-Kn® {]Ya A≤y-£≥. 1891s^{_p-hcn 26 \v tIm´-b-Øn-\-SpØv Hf» If-∏p-c-bv°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ G{_lmw Xc-I≥ ̨ A®mΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS BZy-Pm-X-\mbnP\-\w. am¿®v 16 \v bmt°m_v F∂ \ma-tØm-Sp-IqSn amtam-ZokmkzoI-cn-®p. Fw. Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fn¬ kvIqƒ ]T\w]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-sS-Øs∂ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fw. F. A®≥ (^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kv) {]n≥k-∏mƒ Bbn-cp∂ hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ At±-l-hp-am-bp≈ASp-∏hpw kl-hm-khpw k`m-fl-Nn-¥-I-fn-te°pw {]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°pw At±-lsØ \bn-®p. h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvsa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bn¬\n∂pw siΩm-ip-]´w kzoI-cn-®p. ^m. ]n.‰n. Koh¿Kokv skdm-ºq-cn¬ s{]m^-k¿ DtZym-K-Øn\p t]mb-t∏mƒ bmt°m_p siΩm-i-s\bpw tImfPv A≤y-b-\-Øn\v IqsS-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. ae-¶-c-bpsS K¿÷n-°p∂ knwl-am-bn-cp∂ ^m.]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv k¿ΔXpw Dt]-£n-®p. k¿Δ-kw-K-]-cn-XymKnBbn k\ym-km-{i-aw, {]iv\-I-ep-jn-X-amb ae-¶-cbpw Bizm-k-` -h-\-ambn "_Y\n' ÿm]n-®-t∏mƒ k\ym-k-Nn -Ø-\mbbmt°m_v siΩm-i\pw AXn¬ ]¶p-tN¿∂p. k\ym-km¿∞n-I-fpsS ]cn-io-e\Npa-X-e-bn¬ ]¶p-tN¿∂ bmt°m_v siΩm-i\v1924 ¬ sshZn-I-]´w \¬In. \h-k-\ym-k-Im-e-Øns‚ Npa-Xehln-®n-cp∂ _Y-\n-bpsS "Kpcp-h-®≥' 1927 ¬ k\ym-k-Øns‚alZv{hX-amb dºm≥ ]Zhn kzoI-cn-®p. 1929 s^{_p-hcn 19 \vsXtbm-^n-temkv F∂ \m-a-tØmsS bmt°m_v dºm≥ ta¬∏´ÿm\-tØ°v _Y\n F∏n-kvtIm-∏-bmbn Db¿Ø-s∏-´p.

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Xmb F√m kwcw -` -ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]n∑m-dn-s°m-≈-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p sa{Xm-\m-bn-Øo¿∂kme-kn\v tdman¬\n∂p e`n®\n¿t±-iw. F∂m¬ kmekv ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn¬ A\p-`m-h-]q¿Æ-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Znh-∂m-tkymkns‚{]Xo-£. F∂m¬ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\ sa{Xm-\mbn kzoI-cn-°pIF∂ Bi-b-Øn\v kmekvsa{Xm≥ XnI®pw FXn-cm-bn-cp-

∂p. Ipd-™Xv aqt∂m \mtem]≈n-°m-cpsS ta¬ F¶nepw ̀ c-Wm -[n -Imcw \¬I-W-sa∂A`y¿∞-\-t]mepw kme-kn\vAkzo-Im-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. GXm-bmepw Znh-∂m-tkym -kns‚{]tXyI A`y¿∞-\-b-\p-k-cn®vtPmk^v Icn-bm‰n aev]m≥ am¿Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ ]°-seØn{]iv\-ßƒ N¿® sNbvXp.

am¿ Znh -∂m -tkym -kns\ItØm-en°m k`-bn -te°v

kzoI-cn -°p∂ Imcy -Øn¬G‰hpw henb am¿KXS- -ambn\ne-sIm-≠-Xv, sa{Xm≥ F∂\ne-bn¬ kzoI-cn -°-W-sa∂At±-l-Øns‚ hyh-ÿ-bm-Wv.Znh -∂m -tkym -kns‚ CuBhiyw XnI®pw \ymb-bp-‡-sa∂p Icn-bm-‰n°p t_m≤y-am-bn. hnImcn A∏-kvtXm-en°mCXn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb \S-]SnkzoI-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ F¥p_p≤n-ap´p kln®pw tdmw hscsN∂v am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]°¬t\cn´p hkvXp-X-Iƒ Adn-bn-°m-sa∂p Icn-bm‰n Dd∏p \¬In.Icn-bm‰n kmekp sa{Xms\hni-Z-hn-h-c-a-dn-bn-s®-¶nepw, Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\ sa{Xm-\mbnkzoI-cn-°m≥ kmekv sa{Xm≥Xøm-d -√m -bn -cp -∂p. ]IcwAt±lw c≠p am¿§-ßƒip]m¿i sNbvXp. H∂p-In¬t{]mt´m t\m´dn F∂ ÿm\-hp-ambn Chn-sS-Øs∂ Pohn-°pI,As√-¶n¬ sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-tbmsStdman¬t∏mbn in„-Imew Ign-°p-I. Ch c≠pw Znh-∂m-tkym-kn\v kzoIm-cy-a-√m-bn-cp -∂p.Aßs\ B ]cn-{i-ahpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. \m´psa{Xm-\p-≠m-bm¬hntZ-i-sa-{Xm≥ ]pd-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-sa∂ kme-kns‚ `oXn-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu \ne-]m-Sn\p \nZm-\w.

Icn-bm‰n aev]m≥ aptJ\\S-Ønb ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ

tIc-f-Ønse anj-\-dn-am-cpsSA[n-Im-c-tam-l-amWv Xs‚ ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\p hnLm-X-ambn\n¬°p-∂Xv F∂ hkvXpX am¿Znh-∂m-tkym-kn\p t_m≤y-am-bn. X∑qew Icn-bm‰n aev]m-\-®s‚ klm-b-tØmsS am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv tdman -te-°p≈At]-£bpw hnizmk{]Xn -⁄bpw 1778 sabv 20 \v Xøm-

F¥pw XyPn®pw kXyw ]ns©-√m≥th≠B fl - i ‡ n

kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw Akm-[m-c-W-amb Xm]-kn-Im-¥-co-£-Øn-eqsSbpw [ym\m-fl-I-X-bn-eq-sSbpwssZh-Øn¬ \¶q-c-ap-d-∏n-®-Xn-s‚bpw ^e-ambn1930 sk]vXw-_¿ 20-˛mw XobXn kXy-k-`sb

]p¬Im≥ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXm-hn-s\bpw ssZhw {]m]vX-\m-°n. Xncp-h√ tI{μ-am°n am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXmhv {]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®-t∏mƒ\nc-h[n Ah-tl-f-\-ßfpw FXn¿∏p-Ifpw ZrV-Nn-Ø-\mbnAt±lw kln-®p. 1932 Pq¨ 11-˛ mw XobXn Xncp-h√ `{Zm-k\ÿm]-\hpw BZy A≤y-£-\mbn am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXm-hn-s\bpw \nb-an-®p. Xncp-h√ Kh¨sa‚ v Bip-]-{Xn-bpsS Ingv°pvIp´≥]n≈bpsS "Ipgn-bn¬ hoSv' hmS-I-bvs°-SpØv am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXmhv ip{iqjm{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bcw-̀ n-®p. 1933 \hw-_¿ 6˛mw XobXn Xncp-h√ cq]-Xm-≤y-£-\mbn A`n. ]nXmhvÿm\m-tcm-lWw sNbvXp.

C∂v IØo-{U¬ ssZhm-ebw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ÿe-ßƒ H∂p-an-√m-bva-bn¬ am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXm-hns‚ {ia-^-e-ambnD≠m-b-h-bm-Wv. kphn-tij km£y-kwLw cq]o-I-cn®v Aevambt{]jn-X-Xz-Øn\v A`n-hμy ]nXmhv {]m[m\yw \¬In. ae-¶-c-bn¬ BZy skan-\mcn Xncp-h-√-bn¬ cq]w {]m]n-®-Xns‚ Imc-Whpw A`n-hμy ]nXmhv t{]jnX Xmev]cyw shfn-hm-°p-∂p. Ac-a\ It®-cn-bpsS ÿm]-\-Øn-eqsS cq]Xm \S-Øn-∏n\v A`n.]nXmhv cq]w \¬In. tcmK-{K-kvX-\mb A`n. ]nXmhv XpS¿∂p≈GI-tZi 20 h¿j-°mew hn{i-a-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. F∂m¬ Xs‚ tcmK-]oUmkl-\hpw {]m¿∞-\bpw apJm-¥ncw]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\-Øn\v At±lw ssNX-\yhpw Du¿÷hpw]I¿∂p \¬In. 1956 Pq¨ 27-˛mw XobXn A`n. bmt°m_v am¿sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXmhv I¿Xr-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v bm{X-bm-bn.

Xøm-dm-°n-bXv ssePp tImin

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Npcp-°-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®-Xn-\p-tijw Xm\pw Xs‚ ap≥Km-an-Ifpw \S-Ønb ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ß-sf-∏‰n {]Xn-]m-Zn-®p. Iq´-Øn¬ icn -bmb hnizmkw{]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cWhmKvZm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v, ItØm-en°mk`-bn¬Xs∂ kzoI-cn®v kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd -∏n -°-W-sa∂vA`y¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Xm≥ CXn-\p-th≠n c‡w-t]mepw Nn¥p-hm≥

Xøm-dmWv F∂v hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F∂m¬ Cu At]-£-Iƒ°vFs¥-¶nepw adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥am¿]m∏ Xøm-dm-bn-√. {]kvXpXAt]-£-I-sf-∏‰n Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn am¿]m∏ AXvs{]m∏-Km¥ Xncp-kw-LsØGev]n-®p. CtX-Øp-S¿∂v, Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ ]p\-ssc-Iym-`n-emjw Bflm¿∞-amtWm

dm°n At±-lsØ Gev]n-®p.]mtd-am-°¬ tXmΩm-°-Ø-\m-cp-samØv Cu e£y-{]m-]vXn-°mbn1778 ¬ Icn-bm‰n tdman-te°vbm{X-Xn-cn-®p. bm{Xm-a-t≤y, 1779Pqsse 18 \v Ah¿ enkv_-Wn¬FØn. t]m¿´p-Kokv cm⁄n°vZnh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ At]-£-Iƒ \¬In. AhnsS\n∂v Ah¿tdman-se-Øn. hntZi anj-\-dn-am¿Icn-bm-‰n°pw ]md-am-°-en\pwFXn-cmbn IØp-I-sf-gp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ tdman¬ Ah¿°vlrZyamb-kzo-I-cWw e`n-®n -s√∂p am{X-a -√, Xß-fpsSsa{Xm-∑m-cpsS A\p-hm-Z-an-√msX]pd-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-h-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ ]e Ah-tl-f-\-ßfpwkln-t°≠n hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.Ah¿ s{]m∏-Km -¥m -bpsS{]os^-Œm-bn-cp∂ Im¿Un-\¬IkvtX√n-sbbpw sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn -cp∂ tam¨. t_m¿Pn-bm-sbbpw I≠v hnh-c-ßƒ t_m[n-∏n-s®-¶nepw, tIc-f-Ønse hntZ-i -X-e -Øn¬ sa{Xm -∑m -cpsS]n¥pW C√m-Ø-Xp -sIm≠vAhsc {ihn-°p-hm≥ s{]m∏-Km¥ Xøm-dm-bn-√.

BI-bm¬ am¿]m-∏sb t\cn-´p-Im-Wp-hm≥ Ah¿ Xocp-am-\n-®p . Ah¿ Bdmw ]obqkv]m∏sb kμ¿in-®p. am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym -kns‚ At]-£bpwhnizmk {]Xn-⁄bpw Iq´-Øn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\i‡-ambn ]n¥m-ßn-s°m≠vIcn-bm‰n aev]m-s‚bpw ]mtd-am-°-e-®-s‚bpw IqSn Hcp At]-£-bpw. ]p\-sscIyw km[n-®p-X-c-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ 72 ]≈n-°m-cp-sSbpw hIbmb as‰mcpAt]-£bpw am¿]m-∏bv°pka¿∏n-®p. am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvXs‚ At]-£-bn¬ 17-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ kw`-hn® `n∂-X-sb-∏-‰n

A`n. tPmk^v am¿tkth-dn-tbmkv

"ae-¶-c-bnse ]utemkv' AY

hm "ae-¶-c-bpsS kmhqƒ' F∂v ae-¶c k`m-N-cn{Xw hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂B¿®p -_n -j∏v tPmk^v am¿tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØXncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ ZznXobA≤y-£-\m-Wv. am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXmhv cq]w GInb ASn-Ø-d-sb, _e-s∏-Sp-Ønb I¿Ω-[o-c-\mb ZrV-\n-›-b-ap≈ (tk-th-dn-tbmkv IrXy-\n-jvT-bp-≈-h≥, ZrV-X-bp-≈-h≥) ssZhm-flm-hn-\m¬\ntbm-Kn-X-\mb cq]-Xm-≤y-£≥. a√-∏-≈n-bnse hmf-°pgn F∂ Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ DΩ-s‚bpw A°m-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI-\mbn 1894 G{]n¬ 7˛\ptPmk^v F∂ amtam-Zokm t]cp≈ sF∏-®≥ P\n-®p. kztZ-isØFw.-Un. kvIqfnepw kn.-Fw.-F-kv. kvIqfn-ep-ambn {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øo-I-cn® sF∏v 1909 Ggn¬ 15-˛mw XobXn tPmk^v F∂\ma-Øn¬ ]pen-t°m´v am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bn¬\n∂pw siΩm-ip-]´w kzoI-cn-®p. _n. F. ]m mb siΩm-i≥{_“-hm-dn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tPmen sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v Xncp-h√ Fw.-Pn.-Fw. sslkvIq-fn¬ A≤ym-]-I\pw t_m¿UnwKv amÃ-dp-am-bn. 1929P\p-hcn 8˛mw XobXn h -́t»-cn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØhmf-°pgn tPmk^v siΩm-i\v sshZn-I-]´w \¬In.

]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\sØ \J-in-Jm¥w FXn¿°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu]p\-sscIyapt∂-‰sØ XS-™p-\n¿Øm\pw A£oWw bXv\n-®-h-cn-sem-cm-fpambn hmf-°p-gn-bn¬ tPmk^v A®≥ amdn-bn-cp-∂p. Bg-ambk`m--kvt\-l-Øns‚ h‡mhpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS s\Spw-Xq-Wp-amb hmf-°p-gn-bn-e-®\p 1932 G{]n¬ 17-̨ \p dºm≥ ÿm\w \¬In.1933 sabv 25 \p Xncp-h√ _Y\n∏≈n-bn¬h®v tPmk^v dºm≥,tPmk^v am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv F∂ \ma-Øn¬ \ncWw `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ sa{Xm-\mbn Npa-X-e-tb-s‰Sp-Øp. ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\sØXI¿°m≥ I®-sI-ń-bn-d-ßnb At±-l-Øn\p kz¥w k`-bnse A\p-k-cWcmln-Xyhpw amμyhpw Ae-ń. XpS¿∂v ]p\-ssc-Iy-{]-ÿm-\-

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sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 2015

F∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ sa{Xm-`n-tjIw bYm¿∞-amtWm F∂pwAt±-l-Øn\v F¥p-am{Xw A\p-bm -bn -I -fp≠v F∂p-sams°At\z-jn®v dnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥s{]m∏-Km-¥m-bpsS {]os^ŒvI¿±n-\m-ƒ IkvtX-√n, tKmh-bpsS AUvan-\n-kvt{S-‰¿ BbCΩm-\p-th-en\v Fgp-Xn. 1. am¿Znh -∂m -tkymkv bYm¿∞ssIhbv]v e`n-®-tijw ItØm-en°m k`-bn¬\n∂pw hnizm-k-


Ch-sb-∏-‰n-sb√mw At\z-jn-®-Xn-\p-tijw 1783 s^{_p-hcn 15-˛mw XobXn At±lw tdman\pdnt∏m¿´p ka¿∏n-®p. {]kvXpXdnt∏m¿ń¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ sa{Xm-\-̀ n-tjIw hmkvX-h -am -sW∂pw At±lwBflm¿∞-ambpw ]p\-sscIywB{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂pw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kn\v ]q¿Wm-[n-Imcw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v At±lw FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p.Imc-Ww, Znh-∂m-tkymkv acn-®p-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚]n≥Km-an -bmbn Hcp \m´p-sa-{Xms\ e`n-°m≥ P\-ßƒ apd-hnfn Iq´pw. sImSp-Øn-s√-¶n¬Nne-t∏mƒ ho≠pw ioiva-bn-te°v ]n¥n-cn-t™-°pw. F√mkpdn-bm\n ItØm-en-°-cp-sSbpwta¬ A[n-Imcw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pwAt±lw FXn -cm -bn -cp -∂p.ImcWw Aßs\ sImSp-Øm¬sImSp-ß-√q¿ cq]X Xs∂ C√m-Xm -Ipw. AXv Ahn -SpsØeØo≥Im¿°pw kpdn -bm-\n -°m¿°pw C„-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. am{X-a -√, {]kvXpX dnt∏m¿ń¬At±lw ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv, am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv C¥ym-°m-c-\m-b-Xp-sIm≠v Xncp-k-`-bn¬ GsX-¶nepw HutZym-Kn-I-ÿm-\w hln-°p-hm≥ Ai-‡-\m-Wv F∂v.AXp-sIm≠v At±lw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂Xv am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\tIm˛ -AZvbqtØm¿ _nj∏vBbn \nb-an -°m -sa -∂-t{X.At∏mƒ Znh-∂m-tkymkv ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ioiva C√m-Xm-IpIbpw hnImcn A∏-kvtXm-en-°-bpsS ÿm\hpw sImSp-ß-√q¿ AXn-cq-]-Xbpw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw ]{Zp-hm-tZm-`-cWw XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. IqSmsX bmt°m-_mb°m¿ ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS At¥ym-Iy≥

Øn\p \thm-t∑ jw GInb Zn\-ß - f m -b n - c p -∂ pkw`-hn-®-Xv. Bg-ta-dnb ]T-\-Øn-s‚bpw Xncn-®-dn-hn-s‚bpw shfn -® -Øn¬ 1937 \hw-

_¿ 29-˛mw XobXn B¿®p-_n-j∏v Koh¿Kokv am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm apºmsI kXy-{]-Xn⁄ sNbvXv ItØm-en°m kwk¿§-Øn-te°v A`n. tPmk^v am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-

t∏m-eoØ IS-∂p-h-∂p. 1938 \hw-_¿ 20 apX¬ 1950 sabv 4 hscXncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ A∏-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\n-kvt{S-‰-dmbpw1950 sabv 5 apX¬ Xncp-h√ ̀ {Zm-k-\-Øns‚ A≤y-£-\mbpw Xncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\sØ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXmhv \bn-®p.

Xncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ ASn-Ød _e-h-Øm-°n-Øo¿°m≥A£oWw {]b-Xv\n® Cu hμy-]n-Xmhv `{Zm-k\ AwK-ß-fpsSka-{K-h-f¿® e£yw I≠n-cp-∂p. Xncp-h√ ̀ {Zm-k-\-Ønse At\IwssZhm-e-b-ßfpw anj≥ {]tZ-i-ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ t{]jnXXo£vW-X-bpsS ê-ambn D≠m-b-h-bmWv F∂-Xn\v Ncn{Xwkm£n. hnZy A`y-knt® hnI-k\w km≤y-amIq F∂ shfn-®-Øn¬ \nc-h[n hnZym-̀ ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ I\y-Im-e-b-ßfpw, A`n.]nXmhv ÿm]n-®p. Xncp-h√ SuWns‚ tI{μ-`m-KØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ tacn-Kncn AXn-`-{Zm-k\ aμn-chpw ÿehpw am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚ {ia-̂ -e-am-Wv. ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\-Øns‚bpwXncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw A`n-hr-≤n-°p-th≠n Xncp-h√bn¬I¿Ω-eoØ c≠mw k`-bpsS Hcp an≠m-aTw ÿm]n-®Xpw ]nXm-hns‚ {ia-̂ -ehpw {]tXyI Xmev]-cyhpw \nan-Ø-am-Wv. hn. ]utem-kn-s\-t∏mse XnI™ t{]jnX Xo£vW-X-tbmsS h¿Øn®tPmk^v am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXmhv 1955 P\p-hcn 18-˛mw XobXnXs‚ bP-am-\s‚ k∂n[n ]qIn. B¿®p-_n-j∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvX Ah-k-c-Øn¬ A∂sØ ko\n-b¿ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-bn-cp∂ tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-hns\ B¿®p-_n-j∏v F∂ ÿm\w \¬In ]cn-ip≤ knwlm-k\w BZ-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

XymKw sNøp-Ibpw Aßs\IqSp-X¬ hn\bv°p Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøptam? 2. \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑m¿°v A[o-\-cmb C¥ym-°m-cn¬ Hcmsf sa{Xm-\mbnDb¿Øp-∂Xp hgn B ÿm\wXs∂ A]-am-\-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cptam? 3. kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en-°¿ \m´p-sa-{Xms‚ Iogn-em-Ip-∂-tXmsS Ah¿ ioivabv°v hgn-sX-fn-°ptam? F∂o Imcy-ßfpwAt\z-jn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

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doØp-t]-£n®v kotdm I¬ZmbdoØv kzoI-cn -°-W-sa∂pwAt±lw \n¿t±-in-®p. As√-¶n¬ioiva-bn-te°v ho≠pw ]n¥n-cn-bm≥ IqSp-X¬ km≤yXbp≠v.Cu ]p\-ssc-Iym-tem-N-\-I-fpsSe£yw ̀ c-Wm-[n-Imcw e`n-°pIF∂Xp am{X-am-sW∂pw ItØm-en -°m-k-`bv°v CXp-sIm≠vbmsXmcp t\´hpw ssIh-cm-\n√F∂p-am-{X-a-√, IqSp-X¬ Aku-I-cy-ß-fp-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂pw At±lw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-́ p.

CXn -\nsS hcm -∏p -g -bpsSAUvan -\n -k vt{S -‰ -dm -bn -cp∂_nj∏v Im¿tem tdman-te°v HcpIØ-b-®p. AXn¬ Icn-bm‰naev]m\pw ]mtd-Ωm-°-e-®\pwtIc-f-Ønse 72 ]≈n-°m-cp-sSbpw {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ As√-∂pw,Ahsc Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn¬ ]¶p-tN-cmØ ]≈n-°m-cp-s≠∂pw,am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ sa{Xm-`n-tjIw hmkvX-h-am-sW-¶nepwAt±-l-Øn\v ]p\-ssc-Iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ Bflm¿∞X kwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn -°p-∂p-sh∂pwtcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw anj-\-dn-amsc \ymbo -I -cn -°p -IbpwsNbvXp. Cubh-k-c-Øn¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]e IØp-Ifpwtdman-te°v {]h-ln-®p. ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ H´pw A\pIqe-a√F∂p Icn-bm-‰n-bpw ]mdm-Ωm-°-e-®\pw a\- n-em°n, Ah¿t]m¿´p-K-en-se-Øn. Icn-bm-‰n,sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bb-tXmsSam¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ]p\-ssc-Iy-{]iv\w am¿ Icn-bm-‰nsb Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ IØv1784 Pqsse 10-˛mw XobXn tdmw]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. F∂m¬ CXn¬]p\-ssc-Iym-\-¥cw At±-l-Øn\p sa{Xm\p tN¿∂ A[n-Imcw sImSp-°p-hm≥ Icn-bm-‰nsb A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√.

A`n. kJ-dn-bmkvam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv

am¿ Xntbm-^n-temkv ]nXm

hpw am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXmhpwcq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb ASn-Ø-d-bpsS apI-fn¬ Xn-cp-h√ ̀ {Zm-k-\sØ hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ hμy XmX-\mWv A`n-hμykJ-dn-bmkv am¿ AØ-\m-tkymkvXncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ XrXobA≤y-£≥.

1908 s^{_p-hcn 19-˛mw XobXnXncp-aq-e-]p-cØv t]mf-®n-d-bv°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ sNdn-bm-®-s‚bpwkmdm-Ω-bp-sSbpw koa-¥-]p-{X-\mbn P\-\w. sNdn-bm≥ F∂ amtam-Zokm t]-cn-t\msSm∏w DÆn-°p™v F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cnepw Cu_me≥ hnfn-°-s∏-´p. Xncp-h√ Fw.-Pn.-Fw. kvIqfn¬ hnZym-`ym-kw.AXn-\p-tijw GI-tZiw ]{¥≠v h¿j-°mew tIm´-bØv _m-¶nw-Kn¬ G¿s∏-´p. ItØm-en°m k`-sb-°p-dn®v hmbn-®-dn™ ]n.kn. sNdn-bm≥ (A-`n. ]nXm-hv) 1933 s^{_p-hcn 22 ˛\v am¿ tk-th-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚ apºmsI kXy-{]-Xn⁄ sNbvXv km¿Δ-{XnIk`-bp-ambn ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´p. Xs‚ 30-˛m-asØ hb-- n¬ sshZn-I≥ BIm≥ B{K-ln® ]n. kn. sNdn-bm≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tNcp-Ibpw 1948 HmKÃv 24 \v Im≥Un t]∏¬ skan-\m-cn-bn¬h®v sshZn-Im-`n-jn-‡-\m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xncp-h√ ̀ {Zm-k-\-Ønse \nc-h[nssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn® A®≥, 1954s^{_p-hcn 27-̨ \p dºm≥]´w kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw 1954 G{]n¬ 22˛\pXncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ klm-b-sa-{Xm-\mbn hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNbvXp. ssZh-]-cn-]m-e-\-bpsS henb \S-Øn∏v A`n-hμy ]nXm-hn-eqsS Xn-cp-h√ ̀ {Zm-k\w A\p-̀ -hn-®-dn-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A`n. tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚ AIme Nc-a-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v Xncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ A≤y-£-\mbn 1955 P\p-hcn 27˛\v A`n-hμy AØ-\m-tkymkv ]nXmhv ÿm\m-tcm-lWw sNbvXp.

A`n-hμy AØ-\m-tkymkv ]nXm-hns‚ Ime-ØmWv Xncp-h√`{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ ip{iq-jm-]-cn[n hym]n-°-s∏-´-Xv. ae-_m-dnepw

am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kn-s\ k`-bn-te°v kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈]q¿Æm-[n-Imcw At±-l-Øns‚{]Xn-\n-[n-bmb am¿ Icn-bm-‰n°p\¬Ip-∂-Xns\ enkv_-Wn-ep≈GXm\pw Hm^o -k¿am¿FXn¿Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\ k`-bn-te°v kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv tKmhm sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS km∂n -≤y -Øn¬thWw Fs∂mcp HØpXo¿∏vhyhÿ Icn-bm‰n \n¿t±-in-®p.

]n∂oSv CXv kw_-‘n®v ]e{]iv\-ßfpw Xe-s]m-°n-sb-¶nepw Ah-sb√mw sI´-S-ßn.Ah-km\w th≠ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-tfmsS am¿ Icn-bm-‰nbpwtXmΩm°Ø-\mcpw 1786 sabvH∂n\v tKmh-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn.\n¿`m-Ky-I-c -sa∂p ]d-b-s´,sk]vXw-_¿ 9˛mw XobXn am¿Icn-bm‰n tKmh-bn¬ BI-kvan-I-ambn ac-W-a-S-™p. Cu kw`hwkpdn -bm\n kap -Zm -bsØ

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ssltd-©nepw ]nXm-hns‚` c W k m c - Y y -Øn¬ \nc -h[nssZhm-e-b-ßfpwanj≥ {]tZ -i -ßfpw ÿm]n-°-s∏-́ p. C∂v Xncp-h-

√-bpsS A`n-am-\-amb ]pjv]-Kncn Bip-]-{Xn-bpsSImc-W-°m-c\pw A`n-hμy AØ-\m-tkymkv ]nXm-hmWv F∂Xv F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-a-t√m. `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI ÿnXn sa®-s∏-Sp-

Øphm≥ ]cym-]vX-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ A`n-hμy ]nXm-hn\psNøm≥ km[n-®n-́ p-≠v. kaq-l-Øn¬ cq]-X-bpsS i_vZ-am-IpI F∂e£y-Øn-eqsS A`n-hμy ]nXmhv Bcw-`n® "sFIy-Zo]w' amknIC∂pw B e£yw km≤y-am-°p∂p F∂Xv Gsd A`n-μ-\m¿l-am-Wv. hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-Xhpw Bcm-[-\-{I-am-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb HcpBflob Pohn-X-Øn-\p-S-a-bmb A`n-hμy ]nXmhv C∂-sØ-t∏mseen‰¿Pn-°¬ IΩo-j≥ H∂p-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ ImeØv Bcm-[-\-{IawAXns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ \ne-\n¿Øn-bXv ]nXm-hnse G‰hpwhenb ssZhnI ssNX-\yambn Ghcpw C∂pw kvacn-°p-∂p.

kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ A`n. am¿{KntKm-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ae-¶c k`sb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®A`n. AØ-\m-tkymkv ]nXmhv kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ \ho-I-cWssNX\yw cq]-X-bn¬ ]I¿∂p \¬Im≥ {ian-®n-cp-∂p. Cu Iu¨kn-ens‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ cq]-s∏´ tIc-f-Ønse BZy ItØm-en° bph-P\ {]ÿm-\-amb Fw.-kn.-ssh.-Fw.s‚ cq]o-I-cWw A`n-hμy ]nXm-hns‚ Zm¿i-\n-I-X-bp-sSbpw kmaq-ln-I-X-bp-sSbpw ̂ e-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-°m-cn¬ Hcp-h-\mbn\n∂v {]h¿Øn® A`n. ]nXmhv Xs‚ \ma-Øns‚ A¿∞w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Aa¿Xy-amb Hcp hy‡n-{]hm-̀ --Øn-s‚bpw ̀ c-W-Im-e-b-f-hn-s‚bpw DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p (A-Ø-\m-tkymkv ˛ Aa¿Xy≥). hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ C∂pw Pohn-°p∂A`n. Xncp-ta\n 1977 sk]vXw-_¿ 28-˛mw XobXn Imew sNbvXp.Xncp-h√ ̀ {Zm-k-\-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-dbv°p cq]hpw ̀ mhhpw \¬In ̀ {Zm-k-\-ku[w ]WnX I¿Ω-tbm-Kn.

Xocp-am-\-ßƒ G{]n¬ 12-˛mwXob-Xn-bp≈ Hcp IØp-ap-tJ\hnImcn A∏kvtXm-en -°sbAdnbn -°p -Ibpw sNbvXp.ho≠pw Znh-∂m-tkym-kn\v FXn-cmb Nne A`n{-]mb{]I-S-\-ßfpw IØp-Ifpw a‰pw Chn-SpsØ anj-\ -dn -am -cpsS]°¬\n∂v D≠m-bn. F¶nepwtIm¨{Kn -tK -j≥ t\csØFSpØ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Xs∂Dd-®p-\n-∂p.

CXn -\nsS am¿ Znh∂ym -kntbmkv sa{Xm-\mb Imeb-f-hn¬ sa{Xm≥]´w koI-cn® am¿kndn¬ F∂ sa{Xm≥ sXmgn-bq¿ Bÿm-\-am°n `cWw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Sn∏p-kp¬Øms‚ B{I-aWw t]Sn®vXncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-́ p.DS≥ Xs∂ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvhnizm-kn-I-fpsS tbmKw 1789HmKÃv amk-Øn¬ hnfn-®p-Iq-´n.{]kvXpX tbmKw Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ t\XrXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw kz¥w A\-¥-c-h\p ]´w\¬Ip-∂-Xn\v At±-l-Øn\vA\p -hmZw sImSp -°p -IbpwsNbvXp. Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fpsSad-]n-Sn®v hnImcn A∏-kvtXm-en° ]p\-sscIy \S-]-Sn-Iƒ\n¿Øn-h-bv°p-Ibpw Xncp-kw-L-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°mXn -cn -°p -Ibpw sNbvXp.Aßs\ 1788 se kp{]-[m\Xocp-am-\-ßfpw hn^-e-am-bn.

skmse-ZmsZ sa{Xms‚ ]cn-{i-ahpw Atem-jykv sa{Xms‚CS-s]-Sepw

Icn-bm‰n sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ]n≥Km-an-bmbn At±-l-Øns‚ k¥-X-k-l-Nmcn ]mtd-Ωm-°¬ tXmΩm-°-Ø-\m¿ sImSp-ß-√q¿ cq]-X-bpsS sKmh¿W-

H∂msI ZpxJ-Øn -em -g vØn.Aßs\ ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ°vXev°mew Xnc-»oe hogp-IbpwsNbvXp.

ho≠pw ]cn-{iaw

ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ a\- n-em-°nb s{]m∏-Km-¥-Xn-cp-kwLw1788 s^{_p-hcn 18 \v \S∂s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ae-_m-dnse ÿnXn-K-Xn-I-sf-∏‰n Iqe-¶-j-ambn At\z-jWw \S-Øn.F´mw Du¿_≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS

"t^m¿ape'b\p-k-cn-®p≈ kXy-{]-Xn⁄ sNbvXm¬, Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\ P\-ß-fpsS ta¬kzX-{¥-amb sa{Xm≥ `c-Wm-[n-Im-chpw \m´p-Im-cmb sshZn-I¿°v Ah-cpsS `mhn sa{Xm-∑msc sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈Ah-Im-ihpw \¬Im-sa∂v \n›-bn-°-s∏-´p. IqSmsX ]cn-ip≤]nXmhv Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\-{I-a-sØbpw doØn-s\bpw Ipdn-®p≈bp‡-amb Xocpam\w FSp-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw Adn-bn-®p. Cu

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tZm¿ F∂ ]Z-hn-bn¬ \nb-an-X-\m-bn. tXmΩm sKmh¿W-tZm¿Znh-∂-tkym-kn-s‚ ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn¬ Atß-b‰w Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ioiva-bn¬s∏´ sa{Xms\ItØm-en-°-k-̀ -bn-te°v kzoI-cn -°p -∂-Xn\v sa{Xm -∑m¿°vthsd Bcp-sSbpw A\p-hmZwssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambpw k`m-]m-c-º-cy-]-c-ambpw Bh-iy-an√F∂v ]mtd-Ωm-°¬ a\- n-em-°n. X∑qew At±-l-Øns‚ ]cn-{i-a-^-e-ambn tKmhm-sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo -Ø, sIm®n sa{Xm -\m -bskmse-ZmsZ sa{Xm-t\m-Sv, am¿Znh-∂m-tkym-kp-ambn kº¿°w]pe¿Øp-hm≥ Bh-iys∏-´p.kμ¿i-\hpw {]Xn-k-μ¿i-\hpwapdbv°p \S-∂p. am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ ]°-ep≈ tcJ-I-fn¬\n∂v At±-l-Øns‚ sa-{Xm≥]´w km≤y-amWv F∂vskmse-ZmsZ sa{Xm≥ a\- n-em-°n. 1791s‚ BZy-L-´-Øn¬ am¿Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xs‚-IqsS ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-́ -h-cp-sS-ta¬ sa{Xm-t‚-Xmb A[n-Im-cm-h-Imiw thWwF∂-sXm-gnsI as‰√m Bh-iy-ßfpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ Xøm-dmWvF∂ DS-º-Snbpw skmse-ZmsZsa{Xm-\p-ambn D≠m-°n. Xs‚]n≥Km-ansb tdman¬\n∂pw \nb-an-°p-Itbm Xs‚ ac-W-tijwcq]X sImSp-ß-√q¿ cq]-X-bn¬ebn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn\vAt±-l-Øn\v kΩ-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.AXp-t]mse Bcm-[-\-{I-aw,hnizm-k-{]-am-Ww, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ th≠]cn-jvIm-c-ßƒ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwAt±lw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\ At±-l-Øns‚ ]p\-sscIywDbn¿∏pXncp\mƒ Ign™p hcp-∂ c≠mw Rmb-dmgvN I√q¿°m-´p-h®v \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Xocp-am-\-am-bn.

Cu hm¿Ø-b-dn™ hcm-∏p-g-bnse I¿Ω-eo-Øm-°m-c-\mbAtem-jykv sa{Xm≥ CXns\FXn¿Øp. skmse-ZmsZ sa{Xmt\m At±-l-tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏´tKmhm sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbvt°mC{]-Imcw am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\ k`-bn-te°v kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-an√ F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ hmZw. am{X-a√ Znh-∂-tkym-kns\ sa{Xm-\mbn kzoI-cn -°-W-sa -¶n¬AXn\v am¿]m-∏-bn¬\n∂pw{]tXyIw ZuXyw e`n-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂pw At±lw hmin-tbmsShmZn-®p. 1792 s^{_p-hcn 7 \vhnImcn A∏-kvtXm-en-°mbv°ve`n® IØn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈GI hyhÿ F´mw Du¿_≥am¿]m-∏-bpsS t^m¿ape {]Im-cw hnizm-k-{]-Xn⁄ sNøWwF∂-Xp-am-{X-am-sW∂pw B¿°p-th-W-sa-¶nepw At±-lsØkzoI-cn-°m-sa∂pw Bbn-cp-∂p.F∂m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ sa-{Xm≥]-´-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ Xocp-am\w FSp-t°-≠Xv ]cn-ip≤]nXm-hm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂m-bn-cp∂p tdman¬ \n∂p≈ adp-]-Sn.ho≠pw tdmap-ambn \S-ØnbFgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-I-fpsS ̂ e-ambntKmhm B¿®p-_n-j∏v FΩm-\p-th -en\p am¿ Icn -bm -‰n°p\¬Inb A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-tfmsS am¿ Zn-h-∂m-tkym-kns\k`-bn-te°v kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥tdmw A\p-hmZw sImSp-Øp.X\n°p In´nb \n¿t±-i-{]ImcwFΩm-\p-th¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ1796 ¬ sIm√Øp tbmKw hnfn-®p -Iq -´n. sk]vXw-_¿ 19 -˛mwXobXn sIm -®n≥ sa{Xm≥skmse-ZmsZ, am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkpw At±-l-Øns‚ {]apJsshZn-I-cpw-IqSn BtLm-j-ambhnizmk {]Xn⁄ \S-Øp-hm≥FØn-bn-cn-°p∂ hnhcw Adn-bn-®p . F∂m¬ am¿ Znh -∂m -tkymkv Xs‚ IqsS D≈-h-tcm-sSm∏w ]gbIq‰p-Im-cp--sSbpwta¬ A[n-Imcw e`n-°p-sa∂p{]Xo-£n-°p∂p F∂p skmse-

ZmsZ sa{Xm\p a\- n-em-b-Xmbn]d-b-s∏-Sp -∂p. GXm-bmepw\n¿`m-Ky-sa∂p ]d-b-s´, CuktΩ-f-\hpw ]cm-P-b-Øn¬Iem-in-®p. \m´p-sa-{Xms\ \¬In-bm¬ "]{Zp-hmtZm' A[n-Im-c-Øn\p tIm´w X´psa∂v sshIn-h∂ Nn¥-bmWv CXn\p Imc-W-sa∂pw ]d-bmw.

hnP-bhpw ]cm-P-bhpw\nd™ Ah-km\ ]cn-{iaw

ho≠pw ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ\S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. DZbwt]cq¿kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ \n›-b-ßƒkzoI-cn -®m¬ Zo¿L-\m-fmbnB{K-ln-®n-cp∂ ]p\-sscIywkm≤y-am-bn-Øocpw F∂ hnNm-c-tØmsS am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvAhbpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ \nb-a -ßfpw, F´mwDu¿_≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS t^m¿ape {]Im-c-ap≈ hnizm-k-{]-am-Whpw AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂p ]Sn-tbm-e-bn¬ At±lwFgpXn H∏n-´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Aßs\ Ah-km\w 1799 Pq¨ 22-˛ mwXobXn am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkpwA\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bp-ambn ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´p.F∂m¬ AP-]m-e-\m-[n-Imcwkw_-‘n® A\n-›n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ \ncm-i-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Bdp-am-k-Øn-\p-tijw ]pØ≥Iq-‰n-te°v Xncn-®p -t]m -hp -I -bm -Wp -≠m-b -X v .Aßs\ ]p\-ssc-Iym-`n-emjwkm[n-°msX 1808 sabv 13-˛mwXobXn am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvZnhw-K-X-\m-bn.

tN∏m´p am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ {ia-ßƒ

tN∏m´v am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ Ime-ØmWv (1825-˛55)]n∂oSv Xo{h-amb ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ \S-∂-Xv. At¥ymIym]m{Xn-b¿°okv At±-l-Øns‚Nne A[n-Im-c-ßƒ \ntj-[n-®Xpw Bw•n-°≥ Bi-b-ß-fpsSAXn-{]-kcw k -̀bn-ep-≠m-bXpwZnh-∂m-tkym-kns\ BIp-e-Nn-

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Ø-\m-°n. s{]m -́Ã‚ v A\p-̀ m-hn-I-fmbn amdp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ ]pcm-X-\-amb ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsSsFIy-Øn-te°p t]mIp-∂-Xm-Wv A`n-Im-ay-sa∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°n. X∑qew ]p\-ssc-Iym¿∞w hcm-∏pg sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bp-ambn Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-Iƒ\S-Øn. \m´p-sa-{Xm-∑m-cpsS ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\v H´pw X¬]-c-\-√m-Xn-cp∂ hcm-∏pg sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbn¬\n∂v, At±-lsØ Hcpsa{Xms‚ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-tfmsS kzoI-cn-°m≥ \n¿hm-l-an√ F∂ adp-]-Sn-bmWv e`n-®-Xv.Aßs\ At±-l-Øns‚ {iahpw]cm-P-b-s∏-´p.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ {ia-ßƒ

tIkp-Ifpw {]iv\-ßfpw {]-Xn -k-‘n-Ifpw hgn `n∂n®p-sIm≠n-cp∂ k`sb c£n-°pIF∂ e£yw h®v Ct±lw ]p\-ssc-Iy-sØ-∏‰n Btem-Nn-®p.kap-Zmb kvt\ln-bmb \n[o-cn-°¬ amWn-°-Ø-\m-cpsS kl-I-c-Whpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw Cukwc-`-Øn\v DtØ-P\w ]I¿-∂p. Cu e£y-tØmsS tIm´-bØv "PmssXy-Iy-kwLw' ÿm-]n-®p. ]n∂oSv amWn-°-Ø-\mcpwI -́°-b-Øn¬ Nm≠n-°-Ø-\m-cp-sam-cp-an®v At±lw Du´-°-a-≠n-seØn C¥y-bn¬ t]∏¬ sUe-tK-‰m-bn-cp∂ tam¨. A-bq-Øn-s\ kμ¿in-®p. sUe-tK‰v F√m-hn-[ klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ßfpwhmKvZm\w sNbvXp. ItØm-en-°m-k-̀ -bp-ambn ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Xm≥ k∂-≤-\m-sW∂pwam¿ amXyqkv AØ-\m-tkym-kp-ambn A°m-eØv \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ ]gb skan-\m-cn-t°kvX\n°v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cp-∂mepw{]Xn-Iq-e-am-bn-cp-∂mepw Cu\n›-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-N-en-°p-I-bn -s√∂pw AhnsSh®vAt±lw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp.skan-\m-cn -t°-kn¬ Znh-∂m-tkym-kn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb hn[nD≠m-bn. GXm-bmepw ]p\-sscIyw \S-∂n-√.

I≠-\m´p am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ

]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\v Xo{h-ambnA`n-e-jn® sa{Xm-\mWv Ct±-lw. CtX-∏‰n At±-l-Øns‚ktlm-Z-c-]p-{X-\mb sskaÜn. Imtcm´p tIm¿ F∏n-kv-tIm∏m Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn¬]fin-X-\m-bn-cp∂ Xncp-ta\nbmt°m-_m-b-°m¿ ssIIq∏nkΩ-Xn-°p∂ lqZm-b-Im-t\m-\n¬ "doiv ]m{Xn-b¿°okn'-s\∏‰n ]d-bp∂ ̀ mK-amWv G‰w{][m-\-ambn D∂-bn® hmZ-ap-Jw.tdmam ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ "do-tim Ddmt_m' (X-e-h\pw t\Xm-hpw) F∂ ÿm\w kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°≠ AXym-h-iy-sØ-∏‰n Xncp-ta-\n°p kpZr-V-ambA`n-{]m-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v ]e-t∏mgpw i-‡-ambn Iev]n-®n-cp∂Imcyw bmt°m-_mb Bcm-[-\{I-a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hn. ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-cw, tdmamknwlm-k\w BZn-bmb hnj-b-ßƒ kv]„-ambn sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ km[n°pw F∂-t{X. 1908¬ A∂p I≠-\m´p ItØm-en-°m-]≈n hnIm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ _.tXm´p-¶¬ A®-\p-ambn ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-\p≈ Btem-N-\-I-fm-cw-̀ n-®p. Fd-Wm-Ipfw Ac-a-\-bn¬sN∂v kXy-{]-Xn-⁄-bv°p-≈Znh-khpw ka-bhpw IqSn \n›-bn-®p. CX-dn™v At±-l-Øns‚ktlm-Z -c -]p - {X≥ I≠-\m´pItcm´p sska¨ Un. tIm¿F∏n -kvtIm∏m FdWmIp -f -tØ°p t]mtI≠ At±-lsØNXn {]tbm-Kn®v ]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn.CXn¬ k¶-S-s∏´ Cuhm-\n -tbmkv Ah-km\w \nß-fp-sS-sb√mw C„w-t]msebmIs´F∂v Iev]n -°p-Ibpw aq∂p-h¿jw ]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bn¬-Xs∂ hkn-°p-I-bpw ]p\-ssc-Iyw km[n-°msX acn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp.

h -́t»-cn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvXpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS {ia-ßƒ

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSapS-°v, ImtXm-en°m hmgvN, hń-∏-W-t°kv apX-emb kw`-h-ßƒ hgn bmt°m-_mb k`-bn¬ {]iv\-ßƒ Xe-s]m-°n.k‘n-bm--tem-N-\-Iƒ°mbn h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n a¿±o-\n-te°pt]mIp∂ hgn _mKvZm-Zn¬h®vAhn-SpsØ ItØm-en°m kpdn-bm\n sa{Xm -t∏m -eo -Ømsbkμ¿in-®p. At±lw \mń¬Xncn-s®Øn Ipsd-°mew Ign-™-t∏mƒ kpdn-bm\n ]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ dl-am-\n-bpsSHcp IØv At±-l-Øn\v Inń. BIØn\p adp-]Sn Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Npa-Xe am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkns\ Gev]n-®p. ]n∂oSph´-t»-cn¬ Xncp -ta\n hmI-Øm\w ImtXm-en°m _mhm-sbbpw am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkvXocp-ta-\n-sbbpw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn -s\bpw ]cp -a -e -bn¬£Wn-®p hcpØn `mhn-Im-cy-ßƒ Btem-Nn-®p Xocp-am-\n-°m-\mbn Ahsc Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.]cp-ae ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-X-\p-k-cn®v At±lw dl-am\n ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp-ambpw ]n∂oSp am¿]m-∏-bp-ambpw t\cn´p Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-Iƒ \S-Øn. hmI-Øm\wImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmbpw am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkpw Hcp-an-®p-IqSnN¿® sNbvXmWv dlvam\n]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-\p≈ IØns‚\°¬ Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv. ImtXm-en°m _mhm -bpsS kz¥wssI∏-S-bn-emWv CXp Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv. Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS KXn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ aqew ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ßƒ hnP-bn-®n-√.

IS-∏mSv: Xncp-k-`m-N-cn{Xw

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√bpw Xncp-aq-e-]p-chpw Xøm-sd-Sp-°p-∂p. ae-¶ck`bv°v am{X-a√ Cu \mSn\pw s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn\pw Cu IqSn-h-chv A\p-{K-lhpw sFiz-cy-hp-am-I-W-sa∂ ZrV-\n-›bw k` ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂p. kwK-a-Øns‚ ̀ mK-ambn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ hnhn[ImcpWy {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ B \n›-b-Øn¬\n∂pkwPm-X-am-b-Xm-Wv.

]Xn-hp-t]m-se-bp≈ k`m-kw-K-a-ßƒs°m∏wImcp-Wy-Øns‚ Hcp Iq´w {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsSssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ F∂pw {]oXn-I-c-amb "sNdn-b-h¿°p≈ ip{iqj'Iƒ°v Xncn-sX-fn-°p-hm\pwk` ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂p. sFIy-]m-X-bn¬ ]n∂n´ 85h¿j-ßsf {]Xo-I-h-Xv°-cn-°p∂ 85 lrZ-b-i-kv{X-{In-b-Iƒ, Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ sFIy-Øn\vPohn -X -km£yw hln®vaä-d™ A`n-h-μy-cmb 10]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS \ma-ßƒHm¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn-\p-ambn3000 Ubm-en -kn -kp -Iƒ,\n¿≤-\-cmb 10 s]Ïp-ń-Iƒ°v hnhm-l-k-lm-bw,taem-∏n -√msX InS -∂p -d -ßp∂ 10 IpSpw-_-ßƒ°v`h-\-\n¿Ωn-Xn, Hcp e£w-t]¿ H∏n´ Ah-b-h-Zm\kΩ-X-]{X kzoI-c-Whpwka¿∏-Whpw XpSßnb-h-bmWv A\p-_‘ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ. Icp-X-ens‚ CuImcp -Wy -ip - {iqj k`kt¥m-j-tØmsS Gs‰-Sp-ØXv ssZh-a-l-Xz-Øn-\p-th≠nbmWv. kpa-\- p-I-fmb, HuZmcy\n[n-I-fmbAt\-I-cpsS klm-bhpw kl-I-c-WhpamWvCXns‚ ]n∂nse Du¿÷hpw Nme-I-i-‡n-bpw.ssZhw HuZm-cy-Øn¬ Ahsc \ne-\n¿Ø-s´."hmßp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ sImSp-°p-∂-XmWv t{ib-kvIcw' F∂ I¿Øm-hns‚ Xncp-h-N-\-ßƒF∂pw \ap°v hgn-hn-f-°m-I-s´.

2015 ˛ 16 h¿jw Icp-W-bpsS khn-ti-j-ambPq_nen h¿j-ambn ]cn-ip≤ ItØm-en°m k`

BN-cn-°p-tºmƒ, B {]bm-W-Øn¬ H∏w \n¬°p-hm\pwAWn-tN-cp-hm\pw CXv\ap°v h¿≤n® {]tNm-Z\w \¬Ipw. ssZh-I-cpW A\p -\n -a njwkzoI-cn -°p∂ \ap°v

Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ kPo-h-am-Xr-I-bn-eqsS apt∂dmw;ss{IkvXh km£yw \¬Imw.

D]-t`m-K-Xr-jvW-bpsSbpw [q¿Øn-s‚bpwB¿`m-S-Øn-s‚bpw \ocm-fn-∏n-SpØw \ap°v Np‰pwhf-cp-∂Xv \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Hgp-°n-s\-XnsctXmWn Xpg-bm-\p≈ ]mS-h-amWv ss{IkvX-h¿kz¥-am-t°-≠-Xv. k`m]nXm-hmb hnip≤ {Intkm-kvtXm-ans‚ D]-tZiw \ΩpsS IÆp-Xp-d-∏n -t°≠XmWv. At±lw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p: ""Hcn-°epwD]-tbm-Kn-°msX \ΩpsS Ae-am-c-I-fn¬ IpØn-\n-d-®n-cn-°p∂ hkv{X-ßƒ a‰m-cp-sStbm \·-X-a-d-bv°p-hm-\p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p; \o AXv Xń-sb-Sp-Øp.\ΩpsS ]Øm-b-∏p-c-I-fn¬ A\m-h-iy-ambn kq£n-°p∂ [m\yhpw k¬°m-c-th-Zn-I-fnse [q¿ØpwH -́t\-I-cpsS Hńb hb-dn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p-s≠∂vad-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.'' \mw [\-k-º-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-c-

√, Imh¬°m¿ am{X-amWv F∂ kXyw hnkva-cn-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√. ]mh-ß-fpsS ]£w tNcp-∂XpwAhsc D≤-cn-°p-hm≥ DX-Ip-∂Xv sNøp-∂XpwHuZm-cy-a-√, IS-a-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]¶n-s´-Sp-°p-∂-X-√,]¶n´p \¬Ip-∂Xpw ]¶m-fnØw \¬Ip-∂-Xp-amWvk`-bpsS bYm¿∞ kz`m-hw. ]mh-ßsf \ap°vNp‰pw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv, \ΩpsS IcpW Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip-hm≥th-≠n-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. bmt°m_v«olm \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw CXp-X-s∂.[¿Ω-ti-J-c-W-Øns‚ amXr-I-bmb hn. ]utem-kns‚ kPoh km£yw \ΩpsS apºnep≠-t√m.

Kpcp-Ipe hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm°n I¿Ω-a-fi-e-ß-fn -te°v aS-ßm≥ XpS-ßp∂ Xs‚injy¿°v Kpcp \¬Inb A¥n-tam-]-tZiw {it≤-b-amWv: \ns‚ {]`mXw hnS-cp-∂Xv Ingt° N{I-

CS-b-i_vZw (5˛mw t]Pv XpS¿®)

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hm-f-Øn¬ kqcy-In-cWw Zriy-am-Ip-tºm-g√; kqcy-{]-`-bn¬BSn-s\bpw amSn-s\bpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºm-gp-a√; {]XypX\ns‚ Nmsc \n¬°p∂ a\p-jy≥ \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-\m-sW∂ t_m≤yw \n\-s°-t∏m-gp -≠m-Ip-∂pthm At∏mƒam{X-amWv! Cu {]`m-X-am-IWw Cu ]p\-ssc-Iy-hm¿jn-I-Øn¬ \ΩpsS angn-I-fn¬sXfn-tb-≠-Xv.

bpK-{]-`m-h-\mb ssZh-Zm-k≥ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv]nXm-hns\ \mw Hm¿°p-∂p.kpdn-bm\n ]pØ≥Iq¿ kaq-l-Øn\v e£y-t_m-[hpwkphn-ti-j-Zm-lhpw t{]jn-Xm-`n-ap-Jyhpw Znim-t_m-[hpw\¬Inb BNm-cy-t{i-jvT-\mWv ssZh-Zm-k≥. B`n-Pm-Xyhpw Ipe-a-ln-abpw D≈-h¿°v am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-́ -XmWv k`m-Po-hn-Xw F∂ sX‰n-≤m-cW k`m-k-aq-lsØ ASn-apSn Iog-S-°n-bn-cp∂ Hcp Ime-Øv, a\p-jy-a-l-Xz-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-Ibpw ka-

{K-h-f¿®bv°pth≠n Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-eqsS ssIh-cn-°m-hp∂ kmaq-lnI D∂-a\wap≥Iq´n ImWp-Ibpw kv{XoP\-im-‡o-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]S-\m-b-I-\mbnamdpIbpw PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-an-√msXF√m a\p-jy-scbpw ae-¶c ItØm-en°m k -̀bpsS aSn-Ø-́ n-te°v amSn-hn-fn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ss{IkvXhZm¿i-\n-I-\m-bn-cp∂p am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv. ]pØ≥Iq¿ kap-Zm-b-Øn\vA\y-am-bn-cp∂ k\ym-k-{]-ÿm\w]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw kv{XoIƒ°pwth≠n 1919 epw 1925 epambn Bcw-`n-®Xv Ncn-{X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ kz¿Æ-en-]n-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p. k`m-k-am-[m-\-Øn\pw ssZh-a-l-Xz-Øn\pw XS- -ambn k -̀bn¬\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ A‘-Xsb kz¥-Po-hnXNcy-hgn am‰n-a-dn-°p-hm≥Ignbpw F∂v B a\p-jy-kvt\ln

a\- n-em-°n. ssZh-Zm-ks‚ k`m-Z¿i-\-ßfpwDƒ°m-gvN-Ifpw c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ hnπ-hm-fl-Ihpw Ne-\m-fl-I-hp-amb Nn¥m-[m-c-bv°v aptº ]d∂ ]£n°v kam-\-ambncp∂Xv\sΩ Gsd hnkva-bn-∏n-°p-∂p. km¿Δ-{XnI k`m-X-e-Øn¬ AXv F°m-ehpw kzoIm-cy--ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

ssZh-kvt\-lnbpw k`sb kzPo-h-s\-°mƒkvt\ln-°p-Ibpw A[x-ÿn-Xsc ktlm-Z-c-cmbnImWp-Ibpw Icp-Xp-Ibpw am\h \∑ e£yw-h®vssZh-a-lXzw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX kmaq-lnI ˛ kap-Zmb ˛ ]cn-jvI¿Ømhpw am¿§-Z¿in-bp-amb ssZhZm-k≥ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚ Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ ]n¥p-S-cp-hm\pw Z¿i-\-ßƒ]¶p-sh-bv°p-hm\pw Ahbv°v Poh≥ \¬Ip-hm\pw Xncp-h-√-bpsS aÆn-te°v IS-∂p-h-cp∂k`m-a-°ƒ°pw Gh¿°pw kpkzm-KXw. km¿Δ-P-\o-\X Dƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ hnim-e-amb a\ pwktlm-Z -cs\ Xncn -® -dn -bm -\p≈ Aen -hpw,Ab¬°m-cs\ ImWm-\p≈ IÆpw ImcpWywA\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-°p-hm-\p≈ ZrV-\n-›-bhpwk¿tΔm-]cn ssZh-a-lXzw e£y-am°n Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ A`n-hm-RvObpw kz¥-am-°p-hm\pw ]¶p-h-bv°p-hm\pw Cu k`m-kw-Kaw \sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°s´ F∂p {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂p. hnizmk Pohn-X-Ønepw kss`-Iy-{]-h¿Ø-\ -ß -f ne p wH∂n-®p-\n∂v apt∂-dphm≥ Gh-scbpwkvt\l-hm-bvt]msS£Wn-°p-∂p.

bqZm-«o-lm-tbm-Sp≈ {]m¿∞\

anin-lm-bpsS Nm¿®-°m-c\pw/ hniz-kvX-Zm-k-\p-amb hn. bqZm-X-tZhptk/ H‰n-s°m-Sp-Ø-hs‚ t]cp-aqew aln-a-tb-dnb A∏-kvtXm-e-\mb Aßv/ hnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Imc-Wam-bn./ F∂m¬ ItØm-en-°m-k` apgp-h\pw/ Aßsb \ncm-i-cp-tSbpw Akm-≤y-Im-

cy-ß-fp-sSbpw / a≤y-ÿ-\mbn _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw / Aß-tbmSvA`y¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-h-t√m./ \nc-h[n t¢i-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ F\n°v / Aß-bpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ (C-hnsSBhiyw ]d-bp-I) / Cu A\p-{Klw km[n®p Xc-W-ta. / Fs‚F√m Bh-iy-ß-fnepw / hninjy Ct∏mƒ F\n°p t\cn-´n-cn-°p∂ B]-Ønepw / Fs∂ {]tXyIw kwc-£n-°-W-ta. / CuD]-Imcw Rm≥ F∂pw Hm¿Øp-sIm-≈m-sa∂pw / Fs‚ {]tXyIa≤y-ÿ-\mbn / Aßsb \nc-¥cw _lp-am-\n®p sIm≈m-sa∂pw/ Rm≥ hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂p.

Ip™vIp™v




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]t{Xm-kns‚ "]cm-P-bßfpw'Bflob FIyp-sa-\n-khpw

BapJw

ItØm-en-°m-k` kzb-kw-Xr-]vXn-bnepw hnP-tbm-’h at\m-`m-h-Ønepw (Triumphalism) Pohn® Hcp KX-Im-e-N-cn-{X-ap-≠v.F∂m¬, c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kq\-l-tZm-knt\mSp-IqSn ImtXm-enIkwk¿K-Øn¬\n∂p th¿s]´ ktlm-Z-c-sc-°p-dn®v Aev]w-IqSnkvt\l-]-c-ambn Nn¥n®pXpS-ßn. X∂n¬ sX‰n-s√-∂pw A]-c-∑m-cmWv sX‰n-t∏m-b-sX-∂pw AXn-\m¬ Ah¿ ]›m-Ø-]n®v aS-ßn-h∂v ASn-bd ]d-b-s´-sb-∂p-ap≈ Nn¥-Iƒ shSn-™v, k`m-Km-{X--Ønse apdn-hp-Iƒ°pw ]nf¿∏p-Iƒ°pw F√m-hcpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-cp-s∂-∂v, kao-]-Z-i-I-ß-fnse am¿]m-∏m-am¿ F√m-hcpw G‰p-]-d™v a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv am∏ptNmZn-®n-´p-≠v. AXv k`-bnse sFIy-Øns‚ Imh¬°m-cmb am¿]m-∏m-am-cpsS bikpw hnizm-ky-Xbpwh¿[n-∏n-°pI am{Xta sNbvXn-´p-≈q. AXv CX-c-k-`-I-fnepw Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb Nn¥m-hy-Xn-bm\w Df-hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. {]tXy-In®pw kXy-hn-izm-khpw km[p-hmb ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw IqZm-i-I-fp-ap≈ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv, ]uc-kvXy-˛-Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kwk¿K-Øn¬s]´ k`-I-

A`n. tUm. G{_lmw am¿ Pqen-tbmkvaqhm-‰p-]pg cq]-Xm≤y£≥

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tfm-Sp≈ sFIyw km[y-am-Ip-tºm-gmWv km¿h-{XnI k -̀bpsS"GIw", "ImtXm-enIw" F∂oASn-ÿm\ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ°vkºq¿WX ssIh-cp-I.

ssZh-lnXw Xncn-®-dn-bp-IbpwXs‚ h[p-hmb k`-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]≤Xn \mw a\-kn-em-°p-Ibpw a\p-jys‚ hogvN-IfpwIpd-hp-Ifpw \mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw G‰p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂n-S-ØmWv FIyp-sa-\nkw Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂Xv. hn. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ "F√m-hcpw H∂m-Ip-hm≥" (Ut Unum Sint)F∂ Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øn¬C°mcyw ]cm -a¿in -°p -∂p≠v. "ItØm-en-°m-k`Xs‚ AwK-ß-fpsS _e-lo-\-X-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p-IbpwG‰p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.k`mw-K-ß-fpsS ]m]-ß-fmWv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚c£m-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ°p≈ XS-k-sa∂v k` Xncn-®-dnbp∂p.AtXm-sSm∏w ssZh-Øns‚i‡n-bm¬ Xncp -k`Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssZhwXs‚ alm-]-cn-ip-≤n-bm¬k`sb \nd -b v°p -Ibpwap≥t]m´p \bn-°p-IbpwH∏w tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚I j v S m - \ p - ` - h - Ø n \ p wDbn¿∏n\pw Ahsf A\p-cq-]-bm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh∂pw k` AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p".(No.3)

Nm{InIteJ-\-Øn¬ ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Kman F∂ \ne-bn¬]cn-ip≤ am¿]m∏m H∂m-a-XmbnXs‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb _e-lo-\-X-I-sfbpw hogvN-I-sfbpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p.

c≠m-a-Xmbn ssZh-Øns‚Ir]-bn¬ B{i-bn-®p-sIm≠v{]m¿∞-\m-cq-]n-bn-emWv Xm\pwk`bpw apt∂-dp -∂-sX∂vam¿]m∏ AwKo -I -cn -°p∂p."\ns‚ hnizmkw £bn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ \n\-°p-th≠n{]m¿∞n®p" (eq°m 22:32)F∂v tbip- ]d-bp-tºmƒ ]t{Xm-

kns‚ _e-lo-\-Xbpw a\:]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-XbpwkqNn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v. "\o Xncn-®p-h∂v \ns‚ ktlm-Z-csc i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØWw" (eq°m 22:32).k`bv°pw k`-bpsS A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°pw \nc-¥-c-amb am\-km-¥-chpw \ho-I-c-Whpw thW-sa∂kqN-\-bm-Wn-hnsS \¬Ip-∂Xv.

hn . {KŸ-c -N -bn -Xm -°ƒ ,{]tXy-In®pw hn. ]t{Xm-kns‚injy-\mb a¿t°mkv, ]t{Xm-kns‚ _e-lo-\-X-Isf ad-bv°mt\m \ymbo-I-cn-°mt\m

{ian-®n-´n√. Ah¿ ]t{Xm-kns‚]cm-P-b-ßsf shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ bmsXmcp Zm£n-WyhpwImWn -°p -∂n√ . ImcWw]t{Xmkn\p Xs∂ Xs‚ _e-lo-\-X-Ifpw hogvN-Ifpw hcpw-X-e-apd Adn-b-W-sa∂pw, tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ k`-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ZuXyw \nd-th-‰-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\vAh-sbms° shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-tS -≠-Xm -sW∂ t_m[yhpwAt±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

hn. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥am¿]m∏ k`-bnse CS-b≥am-tcmSpw ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-tcmSpw i‡-amb `mj-bn¬Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p. "]t{Xm-kns‚

]n≥Km-an -bpsS {]Y-a-ÿm\nF∂ ip{iqj \n¿h-ln-°m-\m-h-iy -amb hgn I≠p-]n -Sn -t°-≠Xpw, F∂m¬ AsXm-cn-°epwASn-ÿm\XXz-ßsf _en-I-gn-®p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-I-cp-sX∂pw"am¿]m∏ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂p (UtUnum Sint No.95). ]c-º-cm-KX ItØm-en°m Nn¥m-co-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw amdn Nn¥n-°p-hm≥am¿]m∏ Hcp am¿Kw Xpd-∂n-Sp-I -bmWv . Cu teJ-\ -Øn¬Fs‚ ]cn-{iaw, ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]t{Xm-kn-\p-≠mb NnehogvN-Ifpw AXn-eqsS Ffn-a-bp-

sSbpw emfn-XyØns‚bpw Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw ssiencq]-s∏-Sp -tØ-≠-Xn -s\-°p-dn -®p≈ Nne Nn¥-Ifpw ]¶p-h-bv°pI F∂-XmWv.

a) "tbip Xncn™v ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSp ]d™p: kmØmt\,Fs‚ apºn¬\n∂p t]mIq.\o F\n°v {]Xn-_-‘-amWv.\ns‚ Nn¥ ssZhn-I-a√, am\p-

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tbip Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-`hw {]h-Nn-®-t∏mƒ AXn¬\n∂pw Xs∂]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]t{Xm-kns\\mw ImWp∂p. ChnsS ]t{XmkvkmØms‚ tPmen˛ssZh-ln-X-Øn\v FXn-cp-\n¬°pI˛bmWvsNøp-∂Xv. anin-lm-bpsS c£m-IcZuXy-Øn\v ]t{Xmkv XSkwkrjvSn-°p-I-bmWv (aØm.4:1-10). acp-`q-an-bnse ]co-£Wka-bØv tbip-{InkvXp kmØms\imkn®v Bń-∏m-bn® kw`hwChnsS kvac-Wo-b-amWv. ssZh-ln-X-Øn\v FXncp\n¬°p∂]t{Xm-kn-t\m-Sp≈ tbip-hns‚hm°p-Iƒ AXn-I-Tn-\-amb ̀ mj-bn -em -bn -cp∂p. "A¤p-X-s∏-tS≠, ]nim-Np-t]mepw {]`m-]q¿W-\mb ssZh-Zq -X-\mbnthjwsI´m-dp -≠t√m. AXn-\m¬ Ahs‚ ip{iq-j-Icpw\oXn -bpsS ip{iq -j-I-cmbnthjwsI´p-s∂-¶n¬ AXn-se-¥-

¤pXw. Ah-cpsS ]cn-WmawAh-cpsS {]h¿Øn-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn°pw" (2.tImdn.11:14-15).

]t{Xmkv tbip-hns\ th≠-hn[w a\-kn-em-°n-bn√ F∂-Xp-am-{X-a√, At±lw ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-Iƒs°Xncp\n∂-h-cpsS IqsS-°qSn F∂ bmYm¿Yy-amWvtbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ adp-]-Sn-bn-eqsS t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. ]t{Xm-kn\v tbip \¬Ip∂ in£-W-Øn -s‚bpw cq]o -I -c -W-Øn -s‚bpw `mK-am-bn´p IqSn thWwCu kml-N-cysØ \mw a\-kn-em-t°-≠Xv. shdpw a\p-jy-k-l-P-amb Nn¥-Iƒ ssZh-cm-Py-Øn\v XS-k-am -Im-\n -S -bp≠vF∂ ap∂-d-bn-∏p-Iq-Sn-bm-WnXv(a¿t°m.8:33, a¿t°m.9:15).Xs‚ k`-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ine-bmtI≠ ]t{Xmkv Hcn-°epw

A`n. sFkIv am¿bqlm-t\m≥

t{]jnX Xo£vW-X-bm¬ Xncp-

h√ ̀ {Zm-k-\sØ hf¿Ønb hμy-Xm-X-\mb sFkIv am¿ bqlm-t\m≥ ̀ {Zm-k-\-Øns‚ \mem-asØsa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-Wv.

1930 Pqsse 1˛\v ]ndhw shfn-b-\mSv Iq´-πm-°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬h¿°n-bp-sSbpw adn-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpwaI-\mbn P\n® sFkIvIpń]ndhw sk‚ v tPmk v̂ sslkvIq-fn¬ sslkvIqƒ ]T\w ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. 1947-˛¬ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXmhv sFkIv Ipńsb skan-\mcn ]T-\-Øn-\mbn Xncp-h-√m-bn-te°v Iqń-s°m-≠p-h-∂p. 1948-˛¬ tdmanse s{]m∏-Km¥tImf-Pn¬ D]-cn-]-T\m¿∞w t]mb {_Z¿ sFkIv tdman¬h®v1954 Unkw-_¿ 7˛\v sshZn-I-\mbn A`n-jn-‡-\m-bn. 1957 ̨ ¬ \mń¬Xncn-s®-Ønb sFkIv A®≥ cq]-X-bpsS hS-°≥ taJ-e-I-fn¬,C∂sØ _tØcn ˛ aqhm-‰p-]pg cq]Xm ]cn-[n-I-fn¬ hfsckvXpXy¿l-amb ip{iqj \n¿h-ln-®p. IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cpsS CS-h-I-I-fn¬ tkh\w sNbvX At±-l-Øn-\v anj≥ tI{μ-ß-fpsS {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]Xn-_-‘-ß-sfbpw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpw

jn-I-amWv.'' (aØm. 16:23).]t{Xmkv ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sp-

I-fpsS Imcy-hn-Nm-cn-∏p-Im-c\pwssIam-‰-°m-c\p-am-bXv ]t{Xm-kn\v P∑\m Inńb Ignthmss]Xr-I-ambn e`n-®tXm kz¥wIgn-hn¬\n∂pw In´-btXm H∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√. ]t{Xm-kns‚ A∏-kvtXm -en -IX ]q¿Æ-ambpwtbip-hn-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-cn-°p-hm\pw ]q¿Æ-ambpw tbip-hn¬B{i-bn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ hnfn-bm-bn-cp∂p. "\o Poh-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{X-\mb {In -kvXp-hmWv" F∂ hnizmk{]Jym-]-\-Øn-eqsS ]t{Xmkv tbip-hns‚ssZh-Xzhpw I¿Xr -Xzhpw{]tLm-jn®p. Cu hnizmk{]Jym-]-\-tØm-Sp≈ tbip-hns‚ adp-]Sn "tbm\m-bpsS]p{X-\mb ina-tbmt\, \o ̀ mKy-hm≥. amwk-c-‡-ß-f√, kz¿K-ÿ-\mb Fs‚ ]nXm-hmWv\n\°v CXp shfn-s∏-SpØnØ∂Xv. Rm≥ \nt∂mSp ]d-bp∂p. \o ]t{Xm-kmWv. Cu]md-ta¬ Fs‚ k` Rm≥ÿm]n°pw" (aØm.16:17-18)F∂ ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sm-bn-cp∂p.

_e-lo-\-\mb ]t{Xm-kn\ve`n® tI∏m (]md) F∂ ]pXnb\maw tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ k`-bn¬ ]t{Xm-kn-\p≈ ]pXnbAkvXn-Xzhpw {]tXyI ZuXyhpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. "a\p-jysc]nSn-°p-∂-h-cm°mw" F∂ tbip-{In -kvXp -hns‚ hm°p -Iƒ{InkvXp-hn-ep≈ A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS B{i-b-XzsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. "ina-tbm≥ ]d™p:Kptcm, cm{Xn apgp-h≥ A[zm-\n-®n´pw Rßƒ°v H∂pw Inń-bn√. F¶nepw \o ]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v Rm≥ he-bn -d°mw"(eq°m .5:5, tbml .21:6).

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hgn-ap-S°n \n¬°p∂ ]md-bm-I-cp-sX∂ imTyw {InkvXp-hn-\p≠v.

]t{Xm-kns‚ at\m-`m-hhpwAXn-t\m-Sp≈ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ adp-]-Snbpw C∂sØ k`-bpsS kml-N-cy-Ønepw hf-sc-tbsd {]k-‡-amWv. {]tXy-In®pw At\-I¿ hnizm-k-ap-t]-£n-°p∂ kml-N-cy -Øn¬.s]s¥-t°m-kvXv kaq-l-ß-fnepw a‰v At\Iw skIv‰p-I-fnepwtNt°-dnb ̀ qcn-]£w Bfp-Ifpw]c-º-cm-KX A∏-kvtXm-enIk`-I-fmb ItØm-en°m, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv, bmt°m-_mb,am¿tØmΩm k -̀I-fn¬\n∂p≈-h-cm -bn -cp∂p. k`m-t\-Xr -Xz -Øns‚ ssZhn-I-a-√mØ \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw, ]W-Øn\pw ]Z-hn°pwth≠n-bp≈ Bk-‡nbpw A[n-Im-c-{]-a-Ø-Xbpw sshZnIta[m-hn-Xz-hp-sams° AXn\p Imc-W-


ß-fm-bn-´p≠v. AXv k`m-hn-izm-kn-Isf bYm¿Y kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw k∑m¿KPohn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®p. k`-bn¬\n∂v AP-K-W-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp∂p F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv CS-b-∑m¿°v D≠m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v {InkvXp-hns‚ kÌq∏p-IpØpw.

b) "DSs\ tbip ssI\ońAhs\ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠p ]d™p: Aev]-hn-izmko, \o kwi-bn-®-sX¥v?" (aØm.14:13).

A∏-kvtXmekwL-Øns‚t\Xmhv F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]t{Xm-kn\v hfsc {]bm-k-ta-dnb Hcp]mTw, sh≈-Øn\p apI-fn-eqsStbip-hn-s\-t∏mse \S-°p-hm≥]cn-{i-an® kml-N-cy-Øn¬ a\-kn-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn -cp∂p.]t{Xmkv sh≈-Øn\p aotX \S-

BflnI-i-‡n-sIm≠p t\cn´ At±-l-Øn\vA P - ] m -e\ZuXy-Øn¬A S - ß m ØBth-i-am-Wp-≠m-bn -cp -∂-Xv.1978 Unkw-_¿

28-˛\v sa{Xm-`n-jn-‡-\mb ^m. sFk-°n-eqsSsFkIv am¿ bqlm-t\m≥ F∂ P\-lnXw Adn-bp∂ km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS Hcp cq]-Xm-≤y-£-s\-bmWv Xncp-h√ `{Zm-k-\-Øn\p e`n-®-Xv.

sshZn-I¿ XΩnepw hnizm-kn-Iƒ XΩnepw sshZn-Icpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw XΩnepw Bfmw-{]Xn _‘w ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°pI F∂Xvhμy ]nXm-hns‚ ssien-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hy‡n-I-fpsS Bh-iy-ßƒI≠pw tI´p-w A-dn-bm\pw hy‡n-]-c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ\¬Im\pw {i≤n-®n-cp∂ ]nXmhv, k` ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn-em-sW∂v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p.

"ssZhw Ir]-bp-≈-h-\m-Ip∂p' F∂ A¿∞w hcp∂ bqlm-t\m≥ F∂ \ma-[m-cn-bmb ]nXmhv cq]-X-bn-te°v ssZh-Ir]kar-≤-ambn h¿jn® ]pWyXm-X-\m-Wv. c≠mw hØn-°m≥Iu¨kn¬ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn cq]-X-bn¬ sshZn-I-sk-\‰pw ]mÃ-d¬ Iu¨kn-epw kmaq-lnItk-h\ kan-Xn-Ifpw]p\x-kw-L-Sn-∏n-® A`n-hμy ]nXmhv 1987 G{]n¬ 28˛\p ImewsNbvXp.

t°-≠n-bn-cp -∂Xv tbip-hn¬]q¿W-ambpw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v BImw-£-Ifpw BIp-e-X-Ifpw kwi-bhpw H∂p-an-√m-sX-bm-tI-≠n-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, ̀ b-s∏´v sh≈-Øn¬ apßn-Øm-gp∂ ]t{Xm-kn-s\-bmWv kphn-tijw \mS-Io-b-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. aØmbn kphn-ti-j-I≥ k¶o¿Ø\hN-\-ßsfHm¿Ωn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv ]t{Xm-kns‚ at\m-̀ m-hsØ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv. "ssZhta, Fs∂ c£n-t°-Wsa. sh≈w Fs‚ Igp-tØm-f-sa-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Imep-d-bv°mØ Bg-ta-dnb tN‰n¬Rm≥ Xmgp∂p. Bg-ap≈ Pe-Øn¬ Rms\-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p"(k¶o.69:1-2). Xnanw-K-e-Øns‚hb-‰n¬ InS-∂p-sIm≠v tbm\m{]hm-N-I≥ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂XpwGItZiw CtX ssien-bn-emWv.tbm\m-bpsS hm°p-I-fpsS Ah-km\w 'c£ btlm-h -bmbssZh-Øn¬\n∂mWv' F∂mWv.ss{IkvXhk`-Iƒ ]e-t∏mgpwHcp-Xcw anYym-[m-c-W-bnepwAlw-`mh at\m-`m -h-Øn-ep -amWv. k`-bpsS Dd-∏p-≈Xpwi‡-hp-amb ùXnIkwhn-[m-\-ßƒ, k`-bnse hnhn[ ÿm]-\-ßƒ Ch-sbms° k`m-a-°sfkwc-£n-®p-sIm-≈p-sa∂ anYym-k-¶-ev]-Øn-emWv \man∂pw."ae-bn¬ s]øp∂ ag, Ah¿\\-bp∂p. ]m¿∏n -S -an -√msXAh¿ ]md-s°-´p-I-fn¬ A`bwtXSp∂p" (tPm_v 24:8). Ah-km-\-ambn \mta-hcpw ASn -ÿm\ine-bmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬ A`bw tXtS-≠hcpw, \¶q-c-a-Sn-t°-≠-h-cpamWv. k`bpwAh-fpsS t\Xm-°-∑m¿°pw\ n c - ¥ - c - a m - b p - ≠ m - t I ≠{]m¿∞\ ]t{Xm-kn-s\-t∏mse"I¿Ømth c£n-t°-Wsa"

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F∂m-bn-cn-°Ww.tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-

Øn¬ ]t{Xmkv A∏-kvtXmekwL-Øns‚ Xe-h-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p≠v. "ina-tbm≥]t{Xmkv adp -]Sn ]d™p :I¿Ømth Rßƒ BcpsSASp-tØbv°p t]mIpw? \nXy-Po-hs‚ hN-\-ßƒ \ns‚ ]°-ep≠v. \obmWv ssZh-Øns‚]cn-ip-≤≥ F∂v Rßƒ hniz-kn -°p -Ibpw Adn -bp -IbpwsNbvXn-cn-°p∂p" (tbml.6:68-69). Cu hm°p-Iƒ hgn tbip-{In-kvXp-hmWv Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ aqe-°√pw \¶q-c-hp-sa∂ bmYm¿∞yw A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m¿ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p.

kpμ-c-I-hm-S-Ønse ̀ n£-°m-c -t\mS v ]t{Xmkpw tbml-∂m\pw ]d-bp∂ hm°p-Iƒ{i≤n-°pI: "]t{Xm kv ]d™p:sh≈n tbm kz¿Ætam Fs‚ssIbn -en√ . F\n -°p -≈XpRm≥ \n\°p Xcp∂p. \{km-b-\mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Fgp -t∂‰p \S -°pI(A∏. {]h. 3:6). k`-bnse CS-b-∑m-cpsS kºØv sh≈nbpwkz¿Æ-hp-sam-∂p-a√, {]XypXI¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In -kvXp -hns‚ A¤p-X-ßƒ {]h¿Øn°p∂ i‡-amb \ma-am -Wv."Ah≥ ]t{Xmkns\bpw tbml∂ms\bpw hn´pamdmsX \n¬°p∂Xp I≠t∏mƒ F√mhcpwB›cys∏´v tkmfas≥d aWvU]Øn¬ AhcpsS ASpØvHmSn°qSn. CXpI≠v ]t{XmkvAhtcmSp ]d™p: C{kmtb¬P\ta, \nßsf¥n\v CXn¬AZv`pXs∏Sp∂p? Rßƒ kz¥w iIvXntbm kpIrXtamsIm≠v Ch\p \S°m≥ IgnhpsImSpØp F∂ a´n¬ RßsfkqIvjn®pt\m°p∂sX¥n\v?

A{_mlØns≥dbpw Cklm°n s≥dbpw bmt°m_ns≥dbpwssZhw, \ΩpsS ]nXm°≥amcpsS ssZhw, Xs≥d Zmk\mbtbiphns\ alXzs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p. \nßƒ Ahs\ Gev]n®psImSpØp. ]oemtØm kvAhs\ hn´bbv°m≥ Xocpam\n®n´pw Ahs≥d apºn¬h®v\nßƒ Ahs\ X≈n∏d™p.]cnipZv[\pw \oXnam\pambAhs\ \nßƒ \ncmIcn®p.]Icw Hcp sIme]mXInsbhn´pIn´m≥ At]Ivjn®p.Pohs≥d \mYs\ \nßƒ h[n®p. F∂m¬, ssZhw Ahs\acn®hcn¬\n∂v Dbn¿∏n®p.AXn\p Rßƒ kmIvjnIfmWv. Ahs≥d \maØnep≈hnizmkwaqew, Ahs≥d \maamWv \nßƒ ImWpIbpw AdnbpIbpw sNøp∂ Cu a\pjys\ kpJs∏SpØnbXv. Ah

\nep≈ hnizmkamWv \nßfpsS apºn¬h®v Cu a\pjy\p]q¿WmtcmKyw {]Zm\w sNbvXXv" (A∏. {]h. 3:11-16). k`Ah-fpsS cmP-Iob ssienbpwa[y-bp-K-Im-e-L-́ -Ønse km{am-PyXz at\m-`m-h-ßfpw Dt]-£n®v kphn-ti-jm-\p-kr-X-ambFfn-a-bpsS ssien kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. kphn-tij{]tLm-jWw i‡hpw kPo-h-hp-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ Cusbmcp hyhÿk` AwKo-I-cnt® aXn-bmIq.k`-bpsS F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw kzb-a-l-Xz-a-√, ssZh-a-l-Xz-amWv tXtS-≠-Xv. tbip {]oi-∑m¿s°-Xn-cmbn i‡n-bmbn{]Xn-I-cn-®-Xns‚ ImcWw ]d-bp-∂p≠v: "ssZh-Øns‚ al-Xz-sØ-°m-f-[nIw a\p-jy-cpsS{]iwk Ah¿ A`n-e-jn-®p"(tbml.12:42-43).

A`n. tXmakv am¿Znb-kvtIm-dkv

]p\-ssc-Iy-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚

]Ÿm-hnse hf¿®bpsS Hcpkm£y-amWv tXmakv am¿ Znb-kvtIm-dkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ.tIm -́b-Øn-\-SpØv Nnß-h-\sØkp{]-kn-≤-amb H‰-ssØ-°¬IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Ipcp-hnf ss\Øn-bΩ F∂n-h-cpsS aI-\mbn 1884 P\p-hcn 4˛\v Sn. sI. tXmakv`qPm-X-\m-bn. 18-˛mw hb- n¬ bmt°m-_mb sat{Xm-t∏m-eoØam¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kn¬\n∂v siΩm-ip-]-´hpw 28-˛mw hb- n¬am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-\n¬\n∂v sshZn-I-]´hpw kzoI-cn-®p. 1926 ˛¬ bdp-i-te-an¬h®v bmt°m-_mb Iv\m\mb kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ klm-b-sa-{Xm-\mbn hmgn-®p. 1927 ¬ bmt°m-_mbIv\m\mb k -̀bpsS sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn. 10 h¿j-°mew Nnß-h\w Ac-a-\-bn¬ Xmakn-®p-sIm≠v Iv\m\mb hn`m-KsØ

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sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 2015


c) "]t{Xmkv ]d™p: \oHcn-°epw Fs‚ ]mZw Igp-I-cpXv. tbip ]d™p: Rm≥\ns∂ Igp -Ip -∂n -s√ -¶n¬\n\°v Ft∂m-Sp-IqsS ]¶n√"(tbml.13:18).

]t{Xmkv F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw Xs‚ Im¬ Igp-Ip-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw tbip-hns\ hne-°p-∂Xv? Ffn -a -sIm -≠m -bn -c n -°ptam? AtXm Xm≥ ip≤-\m-°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW∂ ap≥hn[nImc-Wtam? \ap°v kml-N-cy-Øn¬\n∂pw hy‡-amb DØcwIs≠-Øm≥ {]bm-k-amWv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ssZhm-eb Ihm-S-Øn¬h®p \S-Øp∂ ip{iq-j-bp≠v. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ P\-ßsfBflo-b-ambn Hcp-°p∂ ip{iqj. k¶o¿Ø\w 15:1¬ C{]-Imcw \mw ImWp∂p: "I¿Ømth, Aß-bpsS IqSm-c-Øn¬

Bcp hkn°pw . Aß-bpsShnip≤Kncn-bn¬ Bcp hmk-ap-d-∏n°pw?" Cu tNmZy-Øn-\p-Ø-c-ambn \oXn-tbm-sSbpw [m¿Ωn-I-ambpw kXy-k-‘-ambpw Pohn-°p-∂-h-sc-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p≠v.skln-tbm≥amfn-I-bn¬ hnip≤Ip¿_m\ ÿm]-\ -Øns‚kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv tbiphpw]t{Xmkpw XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-jWw \S-°p-∂Xv. ssZh-`-h-\-Øn-te-°p≈ {]th-i-\-amWve£yw. ]t{Xmkv ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ {]Xn-\n-[nbpw{]Xo-I-hp-ambn amdp-I-bm-Wn-hnsS. ssZh-` -h -\ -Øn -te°v{]th-in -°p -∂-h¿°v ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-Wbpw hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpw Ah-iy-L-S-I-am-sW∂vtbip-{InkvXp kqNn-∏n-°p∂p.

hn. ]utemkv A∏-kvtXm-e≥kqN n - ∏ n -° p -∂ -X p - t] msekss`Iyw Bcw-̀ n-t°-≠Xv ̀ qX-

Im-eØv \S-∂n-́ p≈ Zp:JI-chpwthZ-\m-P-\-Ihpw hgn-sX-‰n-b-Xp-amb sNbvXn-I-sf-sb√mw ad-∂p-sIm≠v ]pXn-sbmcp {]Xym-isbe£yw h®v apt∂-dp-∂n-S-ØmWv."Hcp Imcyw Rm≥ sNøp∂p.Fs‚ ]n∂n-ep-≈-hsb hnkva-cn-®n v́ apºn-ep-≈-hsb e£y-am°nRm≥ apt∂-dp∂p" (^nen.3:13).

d) "ina-tbm≥, ina-tbm≥,CXm kmØm≥ \nßsf tKmX-ºp-t]mse ]m‰m≥ DZy-an®p"(eq°m.22:31).

Cu kphn-tij`mKw tPm_ns‚ ]pkvX-I-Ønse H∂mwA[ymbw Bdp apX¬ D≈ hN-\-ßsf Hm¿an-∏n-°p∂p. ssZh-tØmSp hniz-kvX\pw \oXn-am-\p-am-bn-cp∂ tPm_ns\ ]co-£n-°p-hm≥ kmØm≥ A\p-hmZwtNmZn-°p∂ cwKw. ]t{Xmkvtbip-hns\ X≈n-∏-d-bp∂ ̀ mKwkam-¥c kphn -ti-j-I-∑m¿F√m-hcpw hnh-cn -°p-∂p≠v.a¿t°mkv kphn -ti -j-I≥]t{Xm -kns‚ {]Xn -I -cWw\¬Ip -∂ -X n -ß - s\ -b mW v :"]t{Xmkv ]d™p: F√m-hcpwCS-dn-bmepw Rm≥ CS-dp-I-bn√.tbip Ah-t\mSp ]d™p: C∂vCu cm{Xn-bn¬s∂, tImgn c≠p{]mhniyw Iqhp-∂-Xn\p apºv \oFs∂ aq∂p {]mhniyw \ntj-[n®p ]dbpw" (a¿t°m.14:29-30). tbip-hns\ ]´m-f-°m¿ ]nSn-®p -sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip∂ kabwinjy-∑m¿ F√m-hcpw HmSn-b-I∂p. F√m-hcpw tbip-hn-t\mSvAhn -iz -kvXX ImWn®p .F∂m¬ A∏-kvtXmekwL-Øns‚ Xe-h≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬a‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-Xn-s\-°mƒ Kuc-h-ta-dn-b-XmWv ]t{Xmkv sNbvXsX‰v. a‰p-≈-htcmSv kzbw Xmc-X-ay -s∏-SpØn, Ah-sc-°mƒ

k v X p X y ¿ l -amb coXn-bn¬\ b n - ® p .At±lw \S -Ønb kXym -t\ z -j -WØn -

s‚bpw ]T-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ̂ e-ambn ItØm-en°]p\-sscIyw {]m]n°p∂-Xn\v \n›-bn-°p-IbpwAXn-\p-th≠n Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-Iƒ \S-Øp-IbpwsNbvX-Xns‚ ^e-ambn 1939 \hw-_¿ 12-˛mw

XobXn Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØph®v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS apºmsI kXy-{]-Xn-⁄-sNbvXv ItØm-en° k`-tbmSv ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-́ p. ]n∂oSv 4 h¿j-°mew Xncp-h-√-bn¬ Xncp-aq-e-]p-cØv Xma-kn-®p-sIm≠v {]m¿∞-\-bnepw XymK-{]-hr-Øn-bnepw cl-ky-Po-hnXw \bn®v 1943 s^{_p-hcn 21-˛mw XobXnImewsNbvXp. cq]Xm `cWw \bn-°m-sX, kzbw hn\o-X-\mbn{]m¿∞-\m-]q¿h-amb PohnXw \bn® tXmakv am¿ Znb-kvtIm-dkv Xncp-ta\n ae-¶c ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\sØ {]m¿∞-\-bn-eqsS ]cn-]m-en®v hf¿Ønb ]pWy-Xm-X-\mWv. A`n-hμy ]nXmhvI_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ Xncp-aq-e-]pcw sk‚ v tacokv ssZhm-ebwtI{μo-I-cn®v \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Cu h¿jsØ ]p\-ssc-Iy-hm¿jn-Im-tLm-j-ß-fn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-h¿°v ]nXm-hns‚ I_-dnSw henbA\p-{K-l-t{km-X- m-bn-cn-°pw.

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Xm≥ sa®-am -sW-∂mWv]t{Xmkv ka¿≤n-°p-∂-Xv.

]t{Xm-kns‚ sX‰v Kuc-h-ta-d n -b -XmWv . ]t{XmkpXs∂Xs‚ {InkvXpkm£yw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv ImWpI: "\ΩpsSI¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In -kvXp -hns‚ i‡n-sbbpw {]Xym-K-a-\-sØbpwIpdn®v Rßƒ \nßsfAdn-bn-®Xv Iui-e-]q¿hw sa\-s™-SpØ Iev]nXIY-Isfhniz-kn-®-Xp-sIm-≠√; RßƒAhs‚ i‡n-{]`m-h-Øns‚ZrIvkm-£n-I-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv.]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v_lp-am-\hpw al-Xzhpw Ah≥kzoI-cn®p. Ch≥ Fs‚ {]nb-]p-{X≥; Ch-\n¬ Rm≥ {]km-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂ kzcw aln-a-{] -`m -h -Øn¬\n∂v Ahs‚ASpØp hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.kz¿K-Øn¬\n∂p -≠mb Bkzcw Rßƒ tI´p. Fs¥-∂m¬, Rßfpw Ahs‚ IqsShnip-≤-a-e-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂p"(2 ]t{Xmkv 1:16-18). Xmt_m¿ae-bnse tbip-hns‚ cq]m-¥-co-I-c-W-Øns‚ ZrIvkm-£n-I-fn-sem-cp-h-\m-bn-cp∂p ]t{Xmkv.tbip sNbvX A¤p-X-ß-fp-sSbpw tcmK-ku-Jy-ß-fp-sS-bp-sams° km£n-bmWv ]t{Xmkv(eq°m 5:8-9, eq°m 8:22-25,eq°m 22:54-55).

tbip ap≥Iqń ]d-™-Xp-t]mse ]t{Xmkv aq∂p{]mhiyw X≈n-∏-d™p. ]t{Xm-kns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse G‰hpwhenb hogvN-bm-WnXv. ]t{Xmkvtbip-hns\ am{X-a√, Xs‚ktlm-Z -c -∑m -cmb a‰ v A∏-kvtXm-e≥am-scbpw X≈n-∏-d™p. a‰v A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-sc-°mƒ hniz-kvX\pw hyXy-kvX-\p-amWv Rm≥ F∂ Al¥\nd-™-h-\m-bn-cp∂p ]t{Xmkv.

]t£ F√mw Hcp \nan -jw-sIm≠v XI¿∂p.

tbip-hns‚ D∞m-\-Øn\pws]¥-t°m-kvXn°pw tijhpw]cm-Pn-X-\m-Ip∂, {]tXy-In®pwhnPm-Xo-bsc k`-bn¬ tN¿°p∂ hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v́]cm-P-b-ta-‰p-hm-ßp∂ ]t{Xm-kns\ \ap°v Z¿in-°m-\mhpw.iXm-[n-]-\mb sIm¿tÆ-en-bq-kns‚ `h-\-Øn¬h®v ]t{Xm-kns‚ hogvNsb Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS ssZhw ]t{Xm-kns\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v. (A∏.{]h.10:9-23). hnPm-Xo-bcpw ssZh-Øns‚c£bv°v A¿l-cm -sW∂ktμiw ChnsS ]t{Xm-kn\vshfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ]utemkvC°m-cy -Øn¬ ]t{Xm-kns\hfsc i‡-amb `mj-bn¬hna¿in-°p-∂Xp \mw ImWp∂p(K-em.2:11-14).

]t{Xm-kns‚ hogvN-I-fpsSNcn{Xw icn-bmb FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ Nn¥-I-fn-te°v k`sb\bn-°p∂p. Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑msc i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ZuXy-amWv ]t{Xm-kn-\p-≈Xv.

AXn\v ]t{Xm-kn\v BZy-ta-bp-≠mtI≠Xv am\-km-¥-c-amWv.k` \nc-¥-c-ambn hogm-dp≠v;sX‰n¬ AI-s∏-Sm-dp≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ k`bv°v \nc-¥-c-amb am\-km-¥cw D≠m-tI-≠-Xp≠v. "B¥-cnI ]cn-h¿Ø\wIqSm-sX-bp≈ FIyp-sa-\nkwkss`-Iy-sa∂ t]cnt\ A¿l-a√. sFIy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈Zmlw \msº-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]IzX{]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv a\-kns‚ \ho-I-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pwkzbw]cn -Xym-K-Øn¬\n∂pwkvt\l-Øns‚ DZm-c-amb A¿∏-W-Øn¬\n∂p-amWv. X∑qew a‰p-≈-h¿°v tkh\w sNøp-hm≥th≠n Bflm¿∞-amb kzbwXymK-Øn-s‚bpw Ffn-a-bp-sSbpwkuay-io -e -Øn-s‚bpw hcwZnhym-cq -]n-bn¬\n∂pw bmNn-°Ww". (c≠mw hØn-°m≥Iu¨kn¬, kssÌyw, \º¿7).

e) kz¥w C—bv°v FXnsc\bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\mb ]t{Xmkv (tbml.21:18).

aq∂p {]mhiyw tbip-hn-t\m-

A-̀ n. ]utemkv am¿]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv

]p\-sscIy Bi-b-Øns‚ {]k‡n F°m-e-hp -ap -≈-XmWvF∂-Xns‚ km£y-amWv ]utemkv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø. 1928 G{]n¬ 28-˛\vXriq¿ Pn√-bnse B™q¿ {Kma-Øn¬ Aø≥Ip-f-ßc hoń¬tXmakv ˛ Xm≠-°pń F∂n-h-cpsS aI-\mbn ]utemkv P\n-®p.sXmgn-bq¿ kn.-Fw.-F-®v. -C. kvIqfnepw, ]S™n k¿°m¿kvIqfnepw, Ip∂w-Ipfw t_mbvkv sslkvIq-fnepw hnZym-`ymkw\n¿h-ln® t]mƒ sshZn-I-\m-Im≥ Xs‚ k`m-k-aq-l-amb ae-_m¿ kzX{¥ kpdn-bm\n k`m Ac-a-\-bn¬ tN¿∂p. 1961 Un-kw-_¿ 24-˛\v sXmgn-bq¿ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo--Øm-bn¬\n∂pw sshZn-I-]´w e`n-®p. Unkw-_¿ 9˛\v t]mƒ A®s\ ae-_m¿ kzX{¥ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS

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Sp≈ Xs‚ kvt\lhpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw Dd-∏n®p]d-™-Xn-\p-tijw ]t{Xm-kn\v {][m\ CS-bs‚ ZuXyw \¬I-s∏-Sp∂p. DS-s\-Xs∂ ]t{Xm-kns‚ c‡-km-£n-Xz -sØ-°p-dn -®p≈ kqN-\bpw tbip \¬Ip∂p: "kXywkXy-ambn Rm≥ \nt∂mSp ]d-bp∂p, sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ\o kzbw Ac-ap -dp -°p-IbpwCjvS -ap -≈n -S -tØ°v t]mhp -Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. F∂m¬{]mb-am-Ip -tºmƒ \o \ns‚ssIIƒ \o´p-I-bpw as‰m-cp-h≥\ns‚ Ac apdp-°p-Ibpw \oB{K-ln-°m-Øn-S-tØ°p \ns∂sIm≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøpw"(tbml.21:18). Xs∂-Øs∂I¿Øm-hns‚ apºn¬ ASn-b-dhp]d-bp-Ibpw Poh≥ XyPn-°m≥Xøm-dm--sW∂ hm°p ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]t{Xm-kns\\mw ImWp-∂p≠v. (tbml.13:36-37). tdma≥ ]mc-º-cy -Øn¬ ]t{Xm-kn-s\-°p-dn-s®mcpIYbp≠v : "Quo vadis,Dominae" (I¿Ømth, \o Fhn-tS-bv°mWv) F∂p ]t{Xmkv

I¿Øm-hn-t\mSp tNmZn-°p∂tNmZyw hniz - {]-kn -≤-amWv.tdmanse aX-a¿Z-\-Øn¬\n∂pwc‡-km-£n-Xz-Øn¬\n∂pw Hfn-t®m-Sp∂ ]t{Xm-kns\ tbipI≠p -ap -´p -tºmƒ ]t{XmkvtNmZn -°p∂ tNmZy-am -WnXv."Rm≥ ho≠pw {Iqin-°-s∏-Sm≥tdman-te°p t]mI-bmWv" F∂vtbip ]d-™-t∏mƒ ]t{XmkvXs‚ hogvN-sb-∏‰n Hm¿°p-Ibpw ho≠pw tdman -te°pXncnsI t]mbn tbip-hn -\p -th≠n acWw hcn -°p-IbpwsNbvXp.

KXvk-sa≥ tXm -́Øn¬ ]nXm-hns‚ lnXw Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n c‡w hnb¿Øp{]m¿∞n-°p∂ tbip-hns\ \mwImWp∂p. {]m¿∞-\-bv°nS-bn¬Dd-ßp∂ injy-∑msc I≠vtbip tNmZn -°p∂p : "ina -tbms\, \o Dd-ßp-∂pthm? HcpaWn -°q¿ DW¿∂n -cn -°m≥\n\°v Ign-™nt√? {]tem-`-\-Øn¬ AI-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥DW¿∂n-cp∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-hn≥(a¿t°m.14:37-38). ]nXm-hp-ambn

sFIy-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p∂ ]p{X-\mb tbip-hns\ Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n, henb ]cn-{iaw \S-Øp∂ ]t{Xm-kns\ \mw I≠p-ap-´p-∂p≠v. k`-bn¬ Ass\-Iy-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\p ImcWw,Hmtcm hn`-PnX {Kq∏p-Ifpw Ah-cpsS lnXw ssZh-ln-X-sØ-°m-f-[n-I-ambn {]h¿Øn-bn-em-°p-hm≥ ]cn - {i -an -°p∂p F∂-XmWv. ssZh-ln-X-sØ-°mƒ,temI-Øns‚ taml-ßƒ°pw{]tem-`-\-ßƒ°pw Ah¿ ASn-a-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw.Xs‚ injy -∑m¿ Xm\pw]nXmhpw H∂m-bn-cn -°p-∂-Xp-t]mse H∂m-bn-cn -°-W-sa∂(tbml.17:21) ssZh-ln-X-Øn\vFXn-cmWv k`-bnse Ass\Iyw. CXv km£y-sØ-°mƒA[n-I-ambn FXn¿km£ywtemI-Øn\p \¬Ip∂p .kss`Iy kwcw-̀ -ß-fn¬ G‰hpw{][m-\-ambn th≠Xv ssZh-ln-X-a-\p-k-cn®v k`-Iƒ XΩn¬H∂n-∏ns‚ Acq-]n-bn-te°v hcp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ {]m¿∞-\-bmWv. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®va\p -jy≥ s]cp -am -dp -tºmƒssZh-Øns‚ Bflm-hn\ v{]h¿Øn-°m≥ CSw e`n°pw.At∏mƒ sFIy-Øn\v XS-k-am-bn-cn-°p∂ F√m {]iv\-ß-fpwhgn -am -‰ -s∏Spw . k`-I -fpsSsFIyw km[y-amIpw.

D]-kw-lmcw

"]t{Xm-kn-s\-t∏mse _e-lo-\-\mb Hcp a\p-jys\ k -̀bpsSXe-h-\m-°n-b-Xn\p ]n∂n¬ssZh-Øn\v {]tXy-I-amb Hcpe£y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. hnPbwFt∏mgpw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂mWv.AsXm-cn-°epw a\p-jys‚ ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬\n∂p-a√. ssZhnIcl-ky-ß-fpsS kq£n-∏p-Im-c\pw

sa{Xm-\mbn am¿tØmΩm k`-bnse bqlm-t\m≥a m ¿ t Ø m Ω msa{Xm-t∏m-eoØam¿ ]oe-I vkn -

t\mkv F∂ t]cn¬ hmgn-®p. F∂m¬ kXy-k`ItØm-en°m k`-bm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn¬, 1977BKÃv 28-̨ \v Xriq¿ _nj]vkv lukn¬h®v A`n-hμy am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv ]nXmhv apºmsI kXy-

{]-Xn-⁄-sNbvXv ItØm-en°m k`sb Bt«-jn-®p. 1977 HtŒm-_¿11-˛\v "Nmb¬ ÿm\nI sa{Xm-\mbn' t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m∏ am¿]oe-Ivknt-\mkv ]nXm-hns\ \ntbm-Kn-®p. 21 h¿j-°mew ae-¶ckpdn-bm\n ItØm-en° k`-bn¬ ip{iqj \n¿h-ln® A`n-hμy]nXmhv k`bpsS Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ en-‰¿Pn-°¬ IΩn‰n sNb¿am-\mbn tkh-\-a-\p-jvT-®n-´p-≠v. hnZym-`ymkt{]jnX ip{iq-j-bnepw Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp∂ At±lw 1998 \hw-_¿8˛mw XobXn Imew sNbvXp. kss`-Iy-Øns‚ A∏-kvtXm-e-\mbnam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ]nXm-hns\ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn¬ bmsXmcpsX‰p-an-√.

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ssZhn-I-`-WvUm-c-ß-fpsS ta¬t\m-´-°m-c-\p-ambn \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn _e-lo-\-cmb a\p-jy-sc-bmWv ssZhw `c-ta-ev]n-®n -cn -°p-∂Xv.Aßs\ a\p-jys‚ _e-lo-\-X-Ifpw hogvN-Ifpw ssZhw ssZhnI hmKvZm-\ßfpsS `mK-ambn am‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p" (s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏).

'Xs‚ ico-c-Ønse ap≈ns\'°pdn®pw'kmØms‚ ZqXs\'°pdn-®p-sam-s°-bp≈kqN\ \¬Ip∂ ]utemkv «olm Xs‚ _e-lo-\-X-I-sf-°p-dn -®mWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.At±lw Cu _e-lo-\-X-Iƒ X∂n¬\n∂pwFSpØpam‰p-hm≥ I¿Øm-hn-t\mSv At]-£n-°p-∂p≠v. F∂m¬, ssZhw {]Xyp-Ø-cn-°p∂p:"\n\°v Fs‚ Ir]-aXn. Fs¥-∂m¬ _e-lo-\-X-bn-emWv Ahs‚ i‡n ]q¿Æ-ambn {]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv. {InkvXp-hns‚ i‡n Fs‚ ta¬Bh-kn-t°-≠-Xn\v Rm≥ ]q¿hm-[nIw kt¥m-j-tØmsS Fs‚ _e-lo-\-X-sb-°p-dn®v {]iw-kn°pw. AXp-sIm≠v _e-lo-\-X-I-fnepwBt£-]-ß-fnepw sRcp-°-ß-fnepw ]oU-\-ß-fnepw AXym-ln-X-ß-fnepw Rm≥ {InkvXp-hn-s\-{]Xn k¥p-jvS-\mWv. Fs¥-∂m¬ _e-lo-\-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv Rm≥ i‡-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv" (2tImdn. 12:9-10).

{InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ]n≈-sØm-ń-emb a[y-]q¿h-tZ-i-Øp-\n∂pw {InkvXp-aXw thtcmsS]ngp-sX-dn-b-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ̀ bm-\-I-cw-K-ßƒ°v \mw km£n-I-fmWv. Cu {]tZ-i-ß-sfms° kndn-b≥ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ss]-Xr-I-`q-an-sb∂p \mw A`n-am-\n-°p∂ {]tZ-i-ß-fmWv.\mw H∂m-bn-s√-¶n¬ AXv {InkvXob hnizm-k-Øn\v Cu `qan-bn¬\n∂p-X-s∂-bp≈ ac-W-a-Wn-bpsS apg°w tIƒt°-≠n-hcpw F∂bmYm¿∞yw ad-∂p-IqSm. C¥ym-a -lm-cm -PyØpw Cu òI-c-bm-Ym¿Yyw IS-∂p-h-cn√F∂p ]d-bm-\m-hn√. hfsc sNdnb Hcp KW-amb ss{IkvX-h¿ C¥y-bn¬ sFIy-Øns‚]mX-bn-em-bn -s√-¶n¬ AXv `mc-X-Ønsess{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS \ne-\n-ev]n\v òj-Wn-bmWv. am{X-hp-a√, {InkvXp-hns\ Adn-bmØ_lp-`q -cn -] -£-tØmSv {InkvXp -km£yw{]tLm-jn-°m\pw \ap°p {]bm-k-s∏-tS-≠n-hcpw. lnt∏m-bnse hnip≤ AK-Ãns‚ hm°p-Iƒ FIyp-sa-\n-k-Øns‚ cwKØv \sΩ \bn-°s´. "ASn-ÿm\ hnjbß-fn¬ sFIyw,

sFOoI hnj-b -ßfn¬ kzmX{¥yw,F√m°mcy-ß-fnepwkvt\lw."

ae¶c k`X≥ hμntX

BZcthmsS \n≥ khn-s[P∑itXmØc Pq_nen thfbn¬kz¿§ob ]qag h¿jn-°tW

]cn-ip≤n X∂psS ]cym-bhpwssZhoI `‡n-X≥ apJ-ap{ZbpwH∂n®p tN¿t∂mcp]pWyXmXma°fmw Rßƒ \an-®n-Sp-∂p

IÆocn¬ Nmen® {]¿∞\-X≥kΩm-\-amb Xncp-h√ X∂p-sS{]Ya XmX\mw hμy-XmXma°fmw Rßƒ \an-®n-Sp∂p

D]-hmkw {]m¿∞\ ]pWyß-fm¬{]Xnk‘n L´-ßƒ XcWw sNbvXvk`sb hf¿Ønb ]pWy-XmXma°fmw Rßƒ \an-®n-Sp∂p

ssZhmcm-[\ X≥ Be-bhpwA£-c-⁄m-\-Øn≥ Iem-e-bhpwtcmKnIƒ°v BXp-cm-e-bhpwÿm]n® XmXm \an-®n-Sp∂p

]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn≥ kl-in¬]n-bmb_Y-\n{]ÿm\-Øn≥ \h-Po-h-\mbvDPze Zo]-ambv ]cn-e-kn°pwA`n-h-μy-XmXm \an-®n-Sp∂p

kpIyXw kpIy-X-cn¬ \n∂p-a-t√mkpIy-X-Øns‚ Ie-h-dbmwkpIy-X\mw sIm®pXn-cp-ta\nkpIyXw a°-fn¬ h¿jn-°s´

\an∏q a°ƒkn.- A-RvPen Fkv.sF.kn

IS-∏mSv:

aXhpw Nn¥bpw

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^m. tPm¿÷vIpcn-ipw-aq-́ n¬

F.-Un. 345 ¬ Z£nW Cdm°n¬ (Z-£nW sas -s∏m-

t´m-anb/_m_n-tem¨) \n∂v tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ IpSn-tb-dn-b-h-cmWv Iv\m\m-b-°m¿ AYhm sX°pw-`m-K-°m¿. 72 IpSpw-_-°m¿ DdpIm am¿ butk^v sa{Xm-\pw, sshZn-I-cpw,siΩm-i-∑mcpw AS-ßnb Hcp k`m-k-aq-l-Øns‚ ]cn-t—-Z-am-bn-´mWv Io\mbn tXmam-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ah¿ IpSn-tb-dn-b-Xv. Ahsc Ab-®Xv t]¿jy≥ k`-bpsS Xe-h-\mbImtXm-en-°m-_m-hm-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu t{]jnX IpSn-tb-‰-tØm-sS-bmWv ]uckvXy kpdn-bm\n (I¬Zm-b) doØv tIc-f-Øn¬Nnc-{]-XnjvT t\Sn-b-Xpw, t]¿jy≥ k`-bn¬\n∂pw sa{Xm-∑m¿ k`m-ip-{iq-j-bv°mbn ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØp-hm≥ XpS°wIpdn-®-Xpw.

16-̨ mw \q‰m-≠n¬ tIc-f-Ønse kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS ta¬]m›mXy eØo≥ k`-bpsS ssII-S-Ø-ep-≠m-bn. 1599 seDZbwt]cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv apX¬ "eØn-\o-I-cWw' IqSp-X¬ i‡n-{]m-]n-®p. kpdn-bm\n ]mc-º-cy-Øn-t∑-ep≈ CuIS-∂p-I-b-‰-Øn-s\-Xnsc P\-tcmjw s]m´n-sØ-dn-®Xv 1653se Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXy-sa∂ kw -̀h-Øn-em-Wv. XpS¿∂v kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ H∂-S¶w Ah-cpsS t\Xm-hmb tXmam A¿°-Zn-bm-t°ms\ "am¿ tXmam' F∂ t]cn¬ X-ß-fpsS sa{Xm-\mbn hmgn-®p. 12 sshZn-I¿ ssIhbv]v \S-Ønb {]kvXpXsa{Xm≥ hmgvN k`m-\n-b-a-]-c-ambn km[p-X-bn-√m-Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

Iv\m\mb]p\-sscIy {]ÿm\w

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Cu \n¿`mKy kw`-h-ßƒ Adn™ tdmw HcpI¿Ω-eoØm IΩo-k-dnsb (I-Ωo-j≥) tIc-f-Øn-te-°-b-®p. tIcf kpdn-bm\n k`bv°p sX‰p-]-‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂v ]d™ IΩo-kdn am¿tØm-Ωm-tbmSv \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn kzoI-cn® sa{Xm≥]´wXncpØn am\-km-¥-c-s∏-S-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-´p.F∂m¬ CXv kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS Bflm-`n-am-\-Øns‚ {]iv\-ambn I≠ am¿tØm-Ωmbpw IqćpwXs‚ sa{Xm≥]´w \nb-a-]-c-amb ssIh-bv]n-eqsSkm[q-I-cn®v Xs∂ kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS sa{Xm-\m-°-W-sa∂v IΩo-k-dn-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-́ p. F∂m¬B At]£ \nc-kn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ tIcf kpdn-bm\n k` henb Hcp{]Xn -k -‘n -bn -te°v\oßn. A∂p--≠m-bn-cp∂116 kpdn-bm\n ]≈n-I-fn¬ 84 ]≈n-Iƒ IΩo-k-dn-bpsS ]£hpw 32]≈n-Iƒ am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ]£hpw tN¿∂p.k`-bn¬ Hcp ]nf¿∏vA\n-hm-cy-ambn Xo¿∂p.A∂v IΩo-k-dn -tbm -sSm∏w \n∂ 84]≈n°mcpw ItØm-en°m k -̀bn¬ "]g-b-Iq-dp-Im¿' F∂ t]cn¬\ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂p. Ah¿eØo≥ `c -W-Øn¬X p S ¿ ∂ p - t ] m ∂C∂sØ "kotdm ˛ ae-_m¿' k`mw-K-ß-fm-Wv.F∂m¬ am¿tØmΩmsa{Xm-t\m-sSm∏w \n∂32 ]≈n-°m¿ bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS `mK-am-Ip -Ibpw AXn -\m¬"]pØ≥Iq-dp -Im¿' F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp -IbpwsNbvXp. Ah¿ bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-amb At¥ym-Iy≥ kpdn-bm\n doØv kmh-[m\w kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

tIcf kpdn-bm\n k`-bn-ep-≠mb Cu ]nf¿∏vIv\m\mb kap-Zm-b-Ønepw D≠m-bn. Iq\≥Ip-cnivkXyw \S-°p-tºmƒ A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ 116 kpdn-bm\n ]≈n-I-fn¬ 5 FÆw ]q¿Æ-ambn Iv\m\mb]≈n-Ifpw a‰v ]e ]≈n-Ifpw Iv\m\m-b-°m¿°v

]IpXn Ah-Im-i-ap-≈-h-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Iv\m\mb]≈n-Iƒ ]g -b -Iq¿,]pØ≥Iq¿ hn`m -Kßfnembn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´p . A∂vam¿tØmΩm sa{Xms‚

{][m\ Btem-N-\-I≥ Iv\m\m-b-°m-c-\mb I√n-ticn CS-h-I-°m-c≥ B™n-en-aq-ń¬ Cń-sØm-Ω≥ IØ-\m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-Øn¬ I√n-ticn CS-h-Ibpw tIm´bw hen-b-]-≈n-bnse Hcp hn`m-Khpw ]pØ≥Iq-dn-em-bn. tIm´bwhen-b-]-≈n-bnse adp-hn-̀ m-Khpw ISp-Øp-cp-Øn, DZ-bw-t]-cq¿, sXmSp-]p-g Np¶w F∂o ]≈n-°mcpw,Iv\m\m-b-°m¿°v ]IpXn Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂AXn-c-ºp-g, ]p∂-Øpd ]nd-hw, ss]ßfw XpS-ßnb ]≈n-°mcpw ]g-b-Iq-dn-em-bn. ]pØ≥Iq¿Iv\m\m-b-°m¿ bmt°m-_mb k`-bn¬ ae-¶csa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cpsS Iogn-em-bn-cp-∂p. 1876 ¬

bmt°m-_mb ]m{Xn -b¿°okv ]t{XmkvXrXo-b≥ hnfn-®p-Iq-ńbapf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ ]pØ≥Iq-dp-Im¿Ggv `{Zm-k-\-ß-fn-embnhn` -Pn -°-s∏-´p. A∂vIv\m\mb bmt°m-_mb°m¿°v Ggv ]≈n-I-fmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.Ah I√nti-cn, tIm´bwhen-b-]-≈n, dm∂n, Nnß-h\w Zb-dm, \oew-t]-cq¿,shfn-b-\m-Sv, cma-aw-KewF∂n-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CuGgv ]≈n-Iƒ aq∂v `{Zm-k-\-ß-fpsS Iogn-em-bn.Iv\m\mb bmt°m-_mbkaq-lsØ H∂n-∏n®p\n¿Øm≥ 1882 ¬Iv\m\mb IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-́ p. Cu IΩn-‰n°vI v \ m\ m - b -°m - c p s Ss]mXp sFIyw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v t_m≤y-am-

bn. Nne ]p\-sscIy Btem-N-\-Iƒ A∂v \S-∂p.1896 am¿ aØmbn am°o¬ Nß-\m-ti-cn-bpsSsa{Xm-\m-b-t∏mƒ Cu Btem-N-\-Iƒ IqSp-X¬i‡n-s∏-´p. C°m-eØv "Iv\m\mb bph-P-\-k-amPw' ]pØ≥Iq-dp-Im¿°n-S-bn¬ cq]w-sIm-≈p-Ibpw Ah¿ ]p\-sscIy Btem-N-\-Iƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1910 ¬ Iv\m\mb bmt°m-_mb°m¿°pw Hcp `{Zm-k\w e`n-®p. 1911 ¬Iv\m\mb ItØm-en-°¿°v tIm´bw cq]-Xbpwe`n-®p. CXn-\p-tijw Ccp-Iq-ćpw ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-\mbn Hcp IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F∂m¬ 1915 ¬ Nnß-h-\-Øp-h®v \S∂ bph-P\ ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ D≠mb Hcpkw`hw ]p\-ssc-Iy-{]-ÿm-\Øns‚ \mgn-I-°-√mbn amdn. ktΩ-f\w \S∂ Znhkw cm{Xn Nnß-h\w ]pØ≥]-≈n-bpsS skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ Hcpclky ktΩ-f\w \S-∂p. AXn\v t\XrXzw \¬-

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In-bXv CS-h-gn-°¬ C. ]n. amXyp h°o-em-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ sshZn-I-cmb amß-®m-en-e-®≥, Cc-W-bv°-e-®≥, H‰-ssØ-°-e-®≥ (]n-∂oSv Znb-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta-\n), ]pen-°m-́ n-e-®≥ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ktΩ-fn-®-h¿ Hcp\n›-b-]{Xw FgpXn H∏n-´p. Ah-cpsS Xocp-am\w]n∂oSv bmYm¿∞y-am-bn. B \n›-b-Øns‚Npcp°w C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ""\ΩpsS kap-Zm-b-Øns‚\∑-bv°mbn \mw \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cmbsX°pw-`mK ktlm-Z-c-ß-fp-ambn F{X-bpw-thKwhnizm-k-Øn¬ tbmPn-°-Ww. AXn-\mbn \ΩpsSAt¥ym-Iy≥ doØv \ap°v tdman¬\n∂v A\p-h-Zn-®p-In-´m≥ ]cn-{i-an-°-Ww.''

Cu Xocp-am\w tIm´bw cq]-Xm-≤y-£≥ Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXm-hn-s\bpw Iv\m\mb ̀ {Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm CS-h-gn-°¬ tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-sbbpw Adn-bn-®p. Ccp sa{Xm-∑mcpw ]p\-ssc-Iy-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øn. tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Bh-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXmhv ]e bmt°m-_mb tI{μ-ßfpwkμ¿in®v ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v P\sØ t_m[-h-XvI-cn-®p. ItØm-en°m k -̀bn-te°v ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v Iv\m\mbbmt°m-_mb ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ A∂v ap≥t]m-́ p-h®GI hyhÿ Xß-fpsS At¥ym-Iy≥ kpdn-bm\n{Iaw (a-e-¶c doØv) tdman¬\n∂v A\p-h-Zn®p

XcWw F∂m-Wv. am¿]m-∏-bpsS A∂sØ {]Xn-\n[n Ue-tK‰v A∏-kvtXm-en-°msb I≠v Iv\m\m-b-°m-cpsS ]p\-ssc-Iy-sØ-∏‰n kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒAt±lw D]-tZ-in-®Xv Iv\m\m-b-°m-cpsS am{Xw]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-\p-th≠n tdman¬\n∂v doØv A\p-h-Zn-®p-In-´pI {]bm-k-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]pØ≥Iq¿kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-hn-ep≈ ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-\mbn At]-£n-®m¬ doØv A\p-h-Zn-®p-In-´m≥Ffp-∏-amIpw. AXn-\m¬ A∂sØ kpdn-bm\nItØm-en°m sa{Xm-∑m¿ kwbp-‡-ambn thWwCu At]£ tdman¬ ka¿∏n-°m≥. At±-l-Øns‚ D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw 18-˛11-˛1920 ¬ Nß-\m-ticnbn¬ IqSnb kotdm ̨ ae-_m¿ sa{Xm-∑m-cpsStIm¨^-d≥kn¬, ]p\-sscIyw km≤y-am-°m≥At¥ym-Iy≥ kpdn-bm\n doØv tIc-f-Øn¬ A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂v \nth-Z\w \mev sa{Xm-∑mcpw kwbp-‡-ambn tdman-te°v Ab-®p. Cu At]-£-bv°vadp-]Sn 5˛7-˛1921 ¬ At¥ym-Iy≥ doØv tIc-f-Øn¬ ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°mbn A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠v tdman¬\n∂v Iev]\ h∂p. Cu Iev]\A∂sØ \mev kotdm ae-_m¿ sa{Xm-∑m¿°pwe`n-®p.

ae-¶c doØv A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ tijw Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXmhv tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kΩ-X-tØmsS, Iv\m\mb bmt°m-_mb ]≈n-Iƒ°v]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈ IhmSw Xpd-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v Adn-bn-®p--sIm≠v Iev]-\-Iƒ Adn-bn-®p. {]kvXpX Iev]-\-I-fn¬ ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°v {]tXyI ]≈n-Iƒ ÿm]n-°-W-sa-∂pw,At¥ym-Iy≥ doØv ]≈n-I-fn¬ \S-∏m-°p-sa∂pwAdn-bn-®p. ho≠pw ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS `c-W-Im-cy-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]nXmhv ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Ah-cpsS {]tXyI `c-W-Øn-\mbn B doØn¬ Hcpsa{Xms\ \nb-an-°p-∂-Xn-\v, tdmam knwlm-k-\-Øn-¶¬\n∂pw A\p-aXn e`n-°p-∂-Xp-h-sc, BdoØp-Im¿°v Hcp hnImcn P\-d-ens\ \nb--an®psImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v X\n°v tdman¬\n∂v A\p-hmZwIn´n-b-Xmbn ]nXmhv Xs‚ Iev]-\-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]p\-ssc-Iy-{i-a-ß-fn¬\n∂v Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ s]s´∂v]n≥hm-ßn. CXn\v {][m\ ImcWw At±-l-Øn\v]n≥_ew \¬In-b-h¿ ]p\-sscIy DZy-a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]n∑m-dn-b-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬]nXm-hns‚ {ia-^-e-ambn sNdnb kaq-l-ambpwhy‡n -I -fmbpw ]e-bn -SØpw ]p\-ssc-Iy-ßƒ\S-∂p. Zo -b-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp -ta\nsshZn-I-\m-bn-cns°(^m. tXmakv H‰-ssØ-°¬) 29-̨ 10-̨ 1921¬ BZy-ambn ]p\-ssc-

D]-Im-c-kva-cW

tXm∏n¬ If-Øn¬s\√mSv

D]Imc kvacW

Hcp hnizmkn




Mrs. tXmakv Abn-cq¿

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Iy-s∏´ sshZn-I-\m-Wv. tIcf ItØm-en°m k`-bn¬ At¥ym-Iy≥ doØn¬ BZy-ambn Ip¿∫m\A¿∏n-® sshZn-I≥ At±-l-am-Wv. F∂m¬ At±-lsØ Nne Iv\m\mb ˛ bmt°m-_mb t\Xm-°ƒ \n¿_-‘n®v bmt°m-_mb k`-bn-te°vXncnsI sIm≠p-t]m-bn. 1926 ¬ sa{Xm-\m-°n,ASpØ h¿jw At±lw Iv\m\mb bmt°m-_mb`{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ ̀ cWw Gs‰-Sp-Øp. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øn\v ItØm-en°m hnizm-k-Øn-te°v XncnsIhcm≥ henb B{K-l-ap -≠m-bn-cp -∂-Xn-\m¬A∂sØ A∏-kvtXm-en°v Ue-tK-‰n -t\mSvA`y¿∞n-®-Xv, ""............ ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp∂Iv\m\mb ae-¶c hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ {]tXyI`c-Wm-[n-Im-c-tØmsS Xs∂ ItØm-en°m k`-bn¬ kzoI-cn-°-Ww.'' 9˛4-˛1930 se Ue-tK‰v A-∏-kvtXm-en-°m-bpsS adp-]Sn {Inbm-fl-I-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. A∂v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-√. Zob-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta\n ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-hm-\mbn Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXm-hns‚klmbw tXSn. Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXmhv CXn-\mbntdmap-ambn IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ 1932 ¬ ae-¶c lb-cm¿°n ÿm]n-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

tIm´bw cq]-X-bnse ae-¶c kaq-l-sØbpwDƒs∏-Sp-Øn-thWw ae-¶c lb-cm¿°n ÿm]n-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv F∂m-bn-cp∂p tdmans‚ B{K-lw.AXn-\m¬ 11-˛6-˛1932 ¬ lb-cm¿°n ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v c≠m-gvN-Iƒ°p apºv ]uckvXy Xncp-kwLwX-e-h≥ I¿±n-\mƒ knt©tcm ae-¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm am¿ Cuhm-\n -tbmkv Xncp -ta-\nbpwtIm´bw sa{Xm≥ am¿ Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXmhpwXΩn¬ IqSn-°mgvN \S-Øn. N¿®-bn¬ Nqf-∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXmhv aptºm-́ p-sh® \n¿t±iw Xncp-kwLwkzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Zob-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta\n]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ tIm´bw cq]-X-bn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ 6 ae-¶c ]≈n-Ifpw 6 ae-¶c sshZn-IcpwP\ßfpw H∂n®v Zob-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm∏w Hcp k`m-L-S-I-ambn ae-¶-c-bn-te°v IS-∂p-hcmw F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B \n¿t±-iw. {]kvXpXN¿®-bpsS ASn -ÿm-\-Øn¬ 18 -˛5 -˛1932 ¬]uckvXy Xncp-kwLw FSpØ Xocp-am\w, Zob-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]p\-sscIyw \S-°p-∂-Xp-hsc X¬°mew Iv\m\mb ae-¶c kaqlwtIm´bw cq]-X-bn¬ \n¬°s´ F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. 20-˛5-˛1932 ¬ C¥y-bnse am¿]m∏bpsS A∏-kvtXm-enIv Ue-tK-‰ns\ {]kvXpX Xocp-am\w Adn-bn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (ACO,FaSC. 761/31). F∂m¬Zo-b-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]p\-ssc-IysØkw_-‘n®v hnizmkXncp -kwLw FSpØhyhÿ At±-l-Øn-\p-

IqSn kzoIm-cy-a-√msX h∂-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-Øns‚]p\-sscIyw A∂v ê-a-Wn-bmsX t]mbn.F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv 1939 ¬ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {ia-^-e-ambn Zotbm-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta\n ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´p. F¶nepw 1943 ¬ At±lwI_-d-S-ßp-∂-Xp-hsc `c-W-an-√msX Xncp-aq-e-]p-cØv Xma-kn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ItØm-en°m k`-bn-te-°p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ IS-∂p-h-chv Iv\m\mb]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-√m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]p\-sscIyw ]eIv\m\mb tI{μ-ß-fnepw ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\vDW¿Δpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw \¬In.

Ign™ Xe-ap-d-bn¬ ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-́ -h-cmbn 17Iv\m\mb sshZn-I¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v tIm´bwAXn-cq-]-X-bn¬ 16 ae-¶c ]≈n-Ifpw 8 ae-¶csshZn-Icpw D≠v. Ign™ 94 h¿j-ambn tIm´bwcq]-X-bpsS Iogn¬ Ign-bp∂ Cu ae-¶c kaqlwC∂pw Hcp k`m-L-S-I-ambn Db¿Ø-s∏-́ n-́ n-√ F∂bmYm¿∞yw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬tdmw Cu e£y-{]m-]vXn-°mbn \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw ]e {]Xn-_-‘-ßfpw AXn-s\-Xnsc kr„n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm\Imc-W-ß-fn¬ H∂v GXm≠v Hcp \q‰m-≠p-Im-e-ambn Cu ae-¶c kaqlw ae-_m¿ k`-bnsetIm´bw cq]-X-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ kXy-am-Wv. Cu kaq-l-Øns‚ ae-¶c kzXz-t_m-[-Øn\v C∂v henb tXmXn¬ A]-Nbw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. ]p\-sscIy t{]jnX ZuXy-Øns‚ Bthiwhf-sc-tbsd tNm¿∂n-´p-≠v. Cu ÿnXn°pw Hcp]cn-lmcw ImWp-hm≥ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]e {ia-ßfpw \S-∂n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-km-\-ambn am¿¢oaokv ImtXm-en°m _mhmbpw am¿ aqe-°m´p]nXmhpw IqsS 27-˛07-˛2011 ¬ ]uckvXy Xncp-kw-L-Øn\v kwbp-‡-ambn Hcp \nth-Z\w ka¿∏n-®p. AXn¬ Cu kaq-l-Øn\v Hcp cq]-Xbpwsa{Xm\pw e`n-°p-hm≥ At]-£n-®n-cp-∂p. 8˛11-̨ 2011¬ Xncp -kwLw \¬Inb adp-]-Sn -bn¬ h∂\n¿t±iw Cu e£yw km[n-°p-hm-\mbn ae-¶c°mcmbn tIm´bw cq]-X-bnepw ae-¶c ItØm-en°m k`-bnepw Ct∏m-gp≈ Iv\m\mb ae-¶-c-°msc Hcp k`m-L-S-I-ambn ae-¶c k`-bn¬ cq]o-I-cn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\p≈ BZy \S-]-Sn-bmbn tIm´bw sa{Xm\v tIm´bw cq]-X-bnse ae-¶-c-°m-cpsS taep≈ A[n-Imcw ae-¶c taP¿B¿®p-_n-j∏n\v ssIam-dpI. ]pXn-b-Xmbn ae-¶ck`-bn¬ cq]w-sIm-≈p∂ Cu Iv\m\mb k`m-L-S-I-Øns‚ Imcy-ßƒ ]n∂oSv ae-¶c kn\Uv \n›-bn-°pw. tdmans‚ Cu \n¿t±iw `mKn-I-ambn \S-∏m-°m≥ tIm´bw AXn-cq-]-Xm-≤y-£≥, tIm´bwcq]-X-bv°p-≈n-ep≈ ae-¶c Iv\m\m-b-°m¿°v Hcpae-¶c sa{Xms\ e`n-°p-hm≥ Ct∏mƒ ae-¶ctaP¿ B¿®p-_n-j-∏n\pw ae-¶c kn\-Un\pwAt]£ ka¿∏n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

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Fr. Varghese Karipayil

On the morning of 20th August 1930, a strange processionwas seen wending its way down the mountain slopes ofPerunad. Mar Ivanios, Mar Theophilus, eighteensuffronrobed monks and a straggle of orphans at the rearwalked slowly with bent heads. They were ‘foresaking’Bethany the house which had sheltered them for elevenyears. Where were they going indeed? They were pioneersof a great mass re-union movement.

They got into the boats which awaited them at the riverBethany. At 4 p.m. they reached Ranni, from where they trav-elled by bus so as to reach Vennikulam before dusk. Theparty stayed in a day-school of which Mar Ivanios was man-ager. After a frugal supper, all gladly sought rest on the barefloor - Bishops, Priests, brethren and orphans side by side.The next day Mar Ivanios and Mar Theophilus left forThirumoolapuram near Tiruvalla. The life of the Monk s atVennikulam was really pathetic yet devotional. The newsabout Bethany Asram had gone far and wide. Sympathisersand the merely curious hastened to Tiruvalla to call on MarIvanios. They found him a prey to a certain amount of natu-ral anxiety concerning the course of events, but full of confi-dence in his mission nevertheless. At that period Mar Ivaniossuffered actual want, for, the people of Tiruvalla who hadformerly been generous, now withdraw their support. Ricewas scarce and curries were a luxury. But fasting did notworry the two bishops.

RE-UNIONBECAMEA REALITY

Article presented inThe International

Eucharistic Congress,Mumbai

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The sufferings and perse-cutions of the bishops andothers were terrible than mis-erable. The crowds who hadonce acclaimed him onDwarf Mountain, rejoicing ifthey might so much as man-age to kiss the hem of his gar-ment, began to hoot andbooh him. Children whomhis hands had blessed, wereencouraged by their parentsto throw stones at him not tohurt, but just to show theircontempt. But the great MarIvanios was not in the leastperturbed.

On Thursday the 18thSeptember 1930, early morn-ing a car moved fromTiruvalla along the road tothe South at its full speed andstopped in front of theBishop’s House, Quilon. Outfrom it “The IndianNewman” and a group offour came. The ‘Newman’was no less a personage thanthe great Mar Ivanios, thepride and glory of the non-Catholic Christians of Kerala.His long bearded face lookedserene and calm, in spite of athousand anxieties that besethim. His fiery eyes that havethe marvellous power to readthe thoughts and feelings ofothers, looked all the moregraceful and seraphic. Theangelic smile that has themagnetic power to win thehearts, played pleasentlyover his lips. His majestichead was held erect despitea sense of impending diffi-culties and persecution. His

sagacious fore-head spokeeloquently of a staunch andfirm purpose in his mind. Hisnoble heart was throbbingfast to realise his long desiredgoal.

Out from the Bishop’sHouse, a Venerable prelatewhos face wreathed in smilescame down, with out-stretched in smiles camedown, with out-stretchedarms to welcome the partywith joy. He was none otherthan Dr. Aloysius Benziger ofrevered memory, theCarmelite Bishop of Quilon.All the five newcomersrested in prayer for two days.They made it days of Retreat.All of the group observedstrict fast.

Early morning at 7.30 a.m.on 20th September 1930 thegreat Mar Ivanios, the saintlyBishop Mar Theophilus, Rev.Fr. John OIC, Deacon Alex(now Fr. Seraphion OIC) andKileeleth Chacko knelt downin the ‘House of God’. MarIvanios, holding fast his epis-copal golden hand-cross inhis right hand and the HolyBible in the other, made theprofession of Faith to BishopDr. Benziger in the presenceof Dr. James Kalacherry, thethen Bishop ofChanganacherry, and Dr.Vincent Pereira, the thenBishop Elect of Kottar, MarIvanios in entering theNoah’s Ark of the New Tes-tament prophetically tookwith him four companions: aBishop, a priest, a deacon anda lay-man indicating thatBishops, priests, clerics inHoly Orders and laymen inplenty were to follow hisnoble example, in subse-quent years.

The entire Christian worldrecognised it as the greatestChurch-ward movement ofthe 20th century. If heavenwill rejoice at the conversionof a single sinner, how un-bounded must be the joy inheaven at the pleasant sightof such an army of converts?If 3rd January 1653 was themost sorrowful day in theannals of the Church in India,20th September 1930 was thehappiest day. If the formerwas to divide and separatethe St. Thomas Christians,the latter was to unite andstrengthen them under thebanner of the Pope, the vis-ible head of the Church.

Pope Pius XI gracioushysent a cable message of con-gratulations to Mar Ivanios,assuring him and his com-panions, “A welcome, A Bigwelcome.” Later, the secre-tary to the Holy Father sent along message. A part of itreads thus:-

“...........His Holiness re-ceive with great satisfactionand joy, the consoling newsof the conversion to theCatholic Church, of theJacobite clergy and people,and has cofided to me thehonourable office of commu-nicating to your Excellency,Mar Theophilus, the priests,the Religious and faithful re-turned to the one HolyCatholic Faith, his paternalblessing. The Holy Fatherpurses with special interestand solicitude your zealouslabours animated by a mag-nanimous spirit of ChristianCharity, exhorting at thesame time pious to join himin beseeching the Lord, fromthe abundance of His mercy,to bless all with the plenitudeof His gifts...”

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Sunday the 21st Sept. 1930was a busy as well as happyday for Mar Ivanios. He re-ceived all the inmates ofVennikulam Asram into theHoly Church. All theBethany sisters were admit-ted to re-union on Mondaymorning. Gradually priests,clerics and layfolk began tofind their way to the Catho-lic Church through the newmovement under MarIvanios.

On 2nd May 1932, MarIvanios visited Rome to payhis homage to the Holy Fa-ther. One of the personspresent at the first meetingbetween the Holy Father andMar Ivanios revealed that thejoy of both was so great, italmost overflowed; and PopePius XI, who never venturedto speak English though heunderstood the languagewell, broke his habitual re-serve to say with deep feel-ing: “You are a good son”.Perhaps no ther word in thewhole interview, conductedby means of interpreters,gave Mar Ivanios so muchhappiness. By an altogethersingular privilege, the HolyFather desired to confer theSacred Pallium on MarIvanios with his own hands.

Explaining his conversionto the world, Mar Ivaniosspoke from Rome that in hisearly life he had special ad-miration for the saints. “Icraved the heavenly joy ofcommunion with the saints.I found out that this joy wasun-attainable so long as Istayed away from thatChurch which had producedand nurtured them. Anotherfeature of the Church thatstruck me irresistibly is thefact of its sure guidance on

everything connected withlife, both for individuals andfor mankind.”

On 11th June 1932, by thedecree “Christo Pastorumprincipal”, the same HolyFather Pius XI, known as the‘Pope of Re-union” estab-lished the Syro-MalankaraHierarchy with Trivandrumas Archdiocese and Tiruvallaas its suffragan diocese. Thusa new Rite that has its time-honoured traditions and cus-toms was added to the “en-ticing beauty of the diversityof various Rites of the Catho-lic Church.”

The ceremonies of thisOriental rite will strike ev-eryone as most impressive.The vestment worn is muchlike the cope and is embroi-dered with the Eucharisticsymbols of wheat andgrapes; special slippers areworn together with this, butonly at the altar. The bookbeing an Eastern Syriac Mis-sal, the celebrant begins toread it from the end back-ward. At the time of the HolyMass, several invocations tothe Holy Ghost are made andthe celebrant lifts his armsheavenward, bringing downthe hands subsequently witha fluttering motion that sig-nifies the descent of theParaclete upon the DivineMysteries.

The priests while givingsolemn blessing duringMass, makes the sign of theCross over the people withthe thumb and first two fin-gers joined together signify-ing the Holy Trinity. Thepeople also sign themselvesin the same way.

The words of consecra-tions are said aloud and the

bell is rung continually untilthe double act is done. A pro-cession is made during Mass,the celebrant coming for-ward to the middle of thesanctuary and lifting theChalice and the Paten onhigh to bless the congrega-tion and the faithful may seethem in preparation for Com-munion. The Communion isgiven to the people underboth kinds, as is the customof Eastern Churches. Theparticle from the Host isdipped in the Precious Bloodand is received by the com-municant standing, as wasthe universal custom of theancient Church.

This rite uses Malayalam,the local langauage, alongwith Syriac in its liturgy. It iseasy to follow and is enrichedwith elements of solemnity,majesty and mystery. It main-tains a continuous dialoguebetween the celebrant andthe community. Since there isfull participation of the laityin the liturgy, the ceremonybecomes lively as well as de-votional, and so it is truly apeople’s liturgy. The liturgyhas got intimate connexionwith the Holy Scripture, andthe prayers are replete withechoes and idioms of theBible. The liturgy of the Syro-Malankara Rite is thus a shin-ing jewel on the diadem ofthe ever so beautiful One,Holy, Catholic andAppostolic Church, thespouse of Jesus Christ.

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BapJw

kphn-tijkXy-ßƒ B¿°pw \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hn√, F¶nepwX≈n-∏-d-bm-\m-hpw. Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ss{IkvXhk`-bn¬ DS-se-SpØ Ass\-Iy-ßfpw A¥-On-{Z-ßfpw k`-bpsS Iq´m-bva-sbbpwsFIy-sØbpw \√-Xp-t]mse Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn´p≠v. {XntbIssZh-Øns‚ Iq´m-bva-t]mse F√m-hcpw X∂n-sem-∂m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-XmWv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ B{K-lw. a\p-jy-h¿§w kzXth]m]-Nmbvhv D≈-Xm-I-bm¬ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ B{Klw km[n-X-am-Ip∂ e£-W-sam∂pw k`-bn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. ItØm-en°m ˛Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ˛ s{]m´-Ã‚ v ˛ s]¥-s°m-kvX¬ tNcn-I-fn-embntemI-saßpw ss{IkvXh kaqlw hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Ass\-Iy-Øns‚ Zpcm-flmhv i‡-ambn ss{IkvX-hsc kzm[o-\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. X∂n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ H∂m-bm¬am{Xta a\p-jy-Ip-esØ apgp-h\pw X∂n-eqsS ]nXm-hn-te°v ASp-∏n-°m-\mhq F∂Ah-t_m[w tbip-{InkvXphn\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-Sp∂v Xs‚k`sb \bn-°m\pw temI-saßpw kphn-tijw {]tLm-jn-∏n-°m-\p-ambn ]t{Xm-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ A∏-kvtXme kwLsØZuXyw `c-ta-ev]n®pw, bpKm¥yw hscbpw \tΩm-Sp-IqSn Bbn-cn-°p-hm≥ Xs‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ Ab-®p-sIm≠pw hn. Ip¿_m\ÿm]n-®p-sIm≠pw Ahn-SpsØ `uXn-I-i-co-c-amb k`-bn¬ Pohn-°p-∂p. ]{¥≠v A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cn¬ Hcp-h-\mb tXmakv `mcX-Øn-ep-saØn kphn-tijw {]tLmjn®p. am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsSA∏-kvtXm-enI ss]Xr-I-ap≈ Hcp k`m kaq-l-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-an-´p. {InkvXp k`-bn¬ ]t{Xm-kn-\p≈ {]tXyI ZuXyhpw At±-

^m. tPm¿Pv tX°-Sbn¬

am¿-tØmΩm \{kmWn k`-I-fpsS sFIyhpwam¿]m∏m-bpsS t\Xr-Xzhpw

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l-Øns‚ ]n≥Km -an -bmbtdmans‚ sa{Xms‚ khn-tij,{]m[m-\yhpw Npcp-ßnb hm°p-I-fn¬ hni-Z-am-°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-amWv Cu teJ-\-Øn-\p-≈-Xv.

1. ]t{Xm-kns‚ Zznhn[ ZuXy-ßƒ hn. {KŸ-Ønepw k`m-]m-c-º-cy-Ønepw

_e-lo-\-\mb ina-tbm≥]t{Xm-kn\v tI∏m AYhm ]mdF∂ t]cmWv tbip-{InkvXp\¬Ip-∂-Xv. _e-lo-\-cmb a\p-jy-sc-bmWv ]md-t]mse Dd-∏p-≈, GsX√mw \mc-Iob i‡n-Iƒ h∂mepw Cf-ImØ Xs‚k`sb ssZhw ̀ c-ta-ev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]t{Xm-kn\v c≠p ZuXy-ß-fm -bn -cp∂p D≈-Xv . A∏-kvtXme kwL-Øns‚ Xe-h-s\∂ ZuXyhpw A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cn¬ Hcph-s\∂ ZuXyhpw.A∏-kvtXme kwL-Ø-e-h-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ k`-bn¬ ]t{Xm-kn-\p≈km¿Δ-{XnI am\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. A∏-kvtXme kwL-Øn-sem-cp-h-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ a‰v A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-sc-t∏mse kphn-tijw {]tLm-jn-°m-\p-≈XpwHcp {]mtZ -inI k`bv°vt\XrXzw \¬Im-\p-≈-Xp-ambZuXysØ kqNn -∏n -°p -∂p.tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ «ol-∑m-cn¬ Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw A∏-kvtXm-enI ss]XrIw Ah-Im-i -s∏ -Sp∂ Hcp k`bv°pw]t{Xmkv «olmbv°v tbip{InkvXp \¬Inb kphn -tijZuXyhpw At±-l-Øns‚]n≥Km-an-bmb tdmans‚ sa{Xm-\mb am¿]m-∏-bv°p≈ kphn-tijZuXyhpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√.

]t{Xm -kns‚ {]tXyIZuXyw A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsSIq´m-bvasb i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpIF∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Iq´m-bvasbi‡n-s∏-Sp -Øp -∂-Xn\v Hcpt\Xmhv thW-sa-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. k` GIhpw km¿Δ-{Xn-Ihpw ss«ln-Ihpw hnip≤-hp-am-Wv. k`bv°v Bflob am\hpw

ùanI am\-hp -ap -≠v .tbip{InkvXp ÿm-]n-®-Xn-\m¬AXv B-flo-b-am-Wv. a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn-\p-th≠n ÿm]n-°-s∏-́ -Xn-\m¬ AXn\v ùan-Ihpw ùXn-I-hp-amb Xe-hp-ap-≠v. k` H∂m-sW-¶nepw AXv km¿Δ-{Xn-I-hp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ k`-bpsS GI-Xzhpw km¿Δ-{Xn-I-Xbpw shfn-hm-Ip-∂Xv At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cn-eq-sSbpw Ah¿°vt\XrXzw \¬Inb ]t{Xm-kn-eq-sSbpw C∂sØ k`bv°vt\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ Ah-cpsS]n≥Km-an-I-fn-eq-sS-bp-am-Wv.

]t{Xm-kns‚ {]tXy-I-ambZuXy -ßsf kqNn -∏n -°m≥ss__n-fn¬ ]pXnb \nb-a -Øn¬ At\Iw `mK-ß-fp≠v.tbip Poh-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚]p{X-\mb {InkvXp-hm-sW∂p]d-bp∂ ]t{Xm-kn\v {InkvXp]pXnb ZuXyw \¬Ip-∂-Xmbn\mw hmbn -°p -∂p (a -Øm.16:13˛19). ]t{Xm-kn\v tI∏m F∂t]cp-\¬In, Cu ]md-ta¬ Xs‚k` ÿm]n-°p-sa∂ hmKvZm\w]t{Xm-kns‚ {]Y-ahpw {]tXy-I-hp-amb ZuXysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

ktlm-Z-c-sc i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ZuXyw,]t{Xm-kns\ ̀ c-ta-ev]n-°p∂ cwKw, ]t{Xm-kns‚{]tXyI ZuXysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""ina-tbm≥, ina-tbm≥,CXm, kmØm≥ \nßsf tKmX-ºp-t]mse ]m‰m≥ DZy-an-®p.F∂m¬ \ns‚ hnizmkw £bn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Rm≥ \n\-°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-®p. \o Xncn-®p-h∂v \ns‚ ktlm-Z-csc i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.'' (eq-°. 22:31˛34)._e-lo-\-\mb ]t{Xmkv tbip-hns\ aq∂p-{]m-hiyw X≈n-∏-d-™n-́ v, ho≠pw Xncn-®p-h∂v A∏-kvtXme kwLsØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp -Ibpw H∂n -∏n -°p -IbpwsNøp-∂Xv \mw ImWp-∂p≠v (\-S-]Sn 1:15; 2:14; 2:37; 3:6).

tbip-hns‚ D∞m-\-Øn-\p-tijw ina-tbm≥ ]t{Xmkpw a‰vA∏-kvtXm-e-∑mcpw ao≥ ]nSn-

°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xpw, tbip-hns‚\n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw ao≥ ]nSn-°p-∂-Xpw, ]t{Xm-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz -Øn¬ he \ndsb ao≥ ]nSn-°p-∂-Xp -amb kw` -h -ßƒ hn.tbml-∂m≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v(tbm -l. 21 : 1˛14) . he-bn¬\nd™ a’y-ßƒ k`-bpsSkm¿Δ-{Xn-I-Xsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. km¿Δ- {XnI k`-bn¬]t{Xm -kns‚ t\Xr -XzsØkqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. {]mX¬ Ign™vina-tbm≥ ]t{Xm-kns\ ""BSp-Isf tabn-°m-\p≈'' DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw tbip-{InkvXp `c-ta-ev]n-°p∂p (tbm-l. 21:15-˛19). hnhn[Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]mc-º-cy-ap≈k`-Iƒ (ss_-k-ss‚≥ ˛ Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -̀Iƒ)]t{Xm -kns‚ {]tXyIZuXysØ ]e-t∏mgpw hne-bn-Sn®v ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]e-hn[ hmZ-ap-J-ßƒ D∂-bn-°m-dp-≠v.

A∏-kvtXme {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]e-{]m-hiyw ]t{Xm -kns‚ t\Xr -XzsØ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.Pdp-itew kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ (\-S-]Sn 15:1˛21) ]t{Xmkpw {]mtZ-inI k`m-X-e-h-s\∂ \ne-bn¬bmt°m-_p -amWv t\XrXzw\¬Ip-∂-Xv. k -̀bpsS km¿Δ-{Xn-I-Xbpw tZio-b-Xbpw ({]m-tZ-in-I-X-bpw) ChnsS hy‡-ambn{]I-S-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. bmt°m_vPdp-i-te-ans‚ A∏-kvtXm-e-\m-bn-cp-∂-t√m.

2. ]t{Xm-kns‚ {]Yaÿm\hpw tdmam knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ ssk\yhpw k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw k`m-]m-c-º-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw km£yw

k`-bpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚

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ASn-ÿm\ t{kmX- p-Iƒ hn.{KŸhpw k`-bpsS hn. ]mc-º-cy -hp -am -Wv. ItØm-en°m ˛Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-IƒC°mcyw hfsc i‡-ambnkzoI-cn -°p -∂-Xp -am -Wv . hn.]t{Xm-kns‚ {]Y-a-ÿm-\hpwtdmam knwlm -k-\ -Øns‚km¿Δ-{XnI k`m-t\-Xr-ÿm-\hpw k`m-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚IqsS`mK-am-Wv. C°m-cy-sØ-°p-dn®vk`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ hfsc hy‡-ambn ]d-™p-h-®n-́ p-≠v. tdmansehn. ¢a‚ v (F.-Un. 96), At¥ym-Iym-bnse hn. C·m-Øn-tbmkv(F.-Un. 110), entbm¨knse hn.

Cc -tW-hqkv (F. -Un.198) ,sX¿Øp-√y≥ (F.-Un. 220),HcnP≥ (F.-Un.248), Im¿tØ-Pnse hn. kn{]n-b≥, Pdp-itew]m{Xn -b¿°o-km-bn -cp∂ hn.kndnƒ (F.-Un.363), AeIvkm-

ßƒ ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-°pIkm≤y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ hmb-\-°m-cpsS ]T-\-Øn\v hnSp-∂p.

hnhn[ ]uckvXy k -̀I-fpsSBcm-[\{Ia ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn¬hn. ]t{Xm-kns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v i‡-ambn ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. At¥m-Iy≥ Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ hn. ]t{Xm-kns‚{]m[m\yw ]e-{]m-hiyw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p≠v. At¥m-Iy≥Bcm-[-\-{Iaw ]n¥p-S-cp∂ Nne¿a\x-]q¿h-ambn Cß-s\-bp≈`mK-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°p-∂Xv k`m-]m-c-º-cy-tØm-Sp≈ Ah-tl-f-\-am-

sW∂v ]d -bmsX Xc-an -√.]uckvXy kpdn-bm\n ]mc-º-cy-Øn-epw, amtdmssW‰v kpdn-bm\n]mc-º-cy-Ønepw ss_k-ss‚≥Bcm-[-\m{I-a-Øn-epsams° hn.]t{Xm -kn\v k`-bn -ep≈{]tXyI ÿm\sØ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂ `mK-ß-fp-≠v.

BZna Ime-L-´-Øn¬ k`-bn¬ \S∂ hnhn[ {]mtZ-in-Ihpw km¿Δ- {Xn -I -hp -ambIu¨kn-ep-Iƒ ]t{Xm-kns‚{]Ya ÿm\-sØbpw tdmam

{≠n-bm-bnse sa{Xm-\m-bn-cp∂hn. ]t{Xmkv (F.-Un. 306-˛311),Cu-Pn-]vXnse hn. At¥mWn(F. -Un. 330) , hn .AØ\mtkymkv (F.-Un. 362),CuPn-]vXnse hn. a°m-dn-bqkv(F.-Un. 371), Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-bm-bnse hn. kndnƒ (F.-Un. 424),]uckvXy kpdn-bm\n k`-bnseaev]m-\m-bn-cp∂ hn. At{]w, hn.Ptdmw, hn. Aw-t{_m-kv, hn. AK-kvXo-t\m-kv, tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fnse ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ hn. tPm¨ {Intkm-Ãw,k\ymkt{ijvT -\m -bn -c p∂tPm¨ Ikn-bm≥, kndn-bm-bnse

sa{Xm-\m-bn-cp∂ sXtbm-tUm¿,kmdq-Knse hn. bmt°m-_v, hn.amIvkn-aq-kv, amtdm-\oØm ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ hn. tPm¨amtdm, tamim _¿ Io^m, Znh-∂mtkymkv _¿ kvfo_n, _m¿sl{_-bq-kv, am¿ A_vZotimXpSßn At\Iw k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw aev]m-∑mcpw hn. ]t{Xm-kn-s‚bpw tdmam knwlm-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw {]Y-a-ÿm-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Du∂n-∏-d-™n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ]d™ Imcy-

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knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØbpw Dd-∏n-®p-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.

3. t]m¿®p-Kokpw At¥m-Iybpw ]ns∂ Cw•≠pwa¿tØmΩm \{km-Wn-I-fpsSAss\-Iyhpw

GI-tbm-K-ambn ]Xn-\mdmw\q‰m-≠p-hsc Ign-™n-cp∂ ae-¶c \{km-Wn-I-fpsS CS-bn-te°vt]m¿®p-Kokv anj-\-dn-am¿ 1500\ptijw IS-∂p-h-∂p. "H´-I-Øn\p Xe-sIm-SpØ' A\p-`-h-amWv ae-¶-c-bnse k`bv°vD≠m-b-Xv. am¿tØmΩm \{km-Wn-Iƒ s\kvtXm-dn -b-∑mcpw]mj-fin-I-fp-am-sW∂v ]d™vXß-fpsS eØo≥ Bcm-[-\-{Iaw ChnsS ASn-t®-ev]n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. kpdn-bm\n `mj]mj-fi-X-Iƒ \nd -™-Xm -sW∂p ]d™v Ahsb \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-≥ XpS-ßn.am¿tØmΩm \{km-Wn-I-fpsSPohn-X-co-Xn-Iƒ A]-cn-jvIr-X-am-sW∂v Btcm-]n-°m≥ XpS-ßn.""shS-°m°n X\n-°m-°pI''F∂ \bw XpS¿∂v t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ 1599 ¬ tKmh B¿®p-_n-j-∏m-bn-cp∂ Ae-Ivknkv Unsat\-knkv \n¿_-‘-]q¿Δwhnfn -®p-tN¿Ø DZ-bw-t]-cq¿kp∂-l-tZm-tkmsS ae-¶-c-bnsek`sb ]q¿Æ-ambpw Xß-fpsSIm¬°o-gn -em-°n. Xß-fpsSssk\n -I_eØns‚ i‡n-bnepw \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑msc Xß-fpsS hcp-Xn-bn-ep-am-°n-bmWvt]m¿®p-Kokv anj-\-dn-am¿ ae-¶-csb Xß-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-°n-b-Xv. ae-¶-c-bnse ]q¿Δn-I¿\n -lm-b-cmbn amdn-sb-¶nepwt]m¿®p-Kokv anj-\-dn-am-tcm-Sp≈Aa¿jhpw Akz-ÿ-X-IfpwD≈n¬ ]pI-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.1653 P\p-hcn amkw aq∂mw-Xo-bXn ae-¶-c-bnse ]q¿Δn-I-∑m¿sIm®n-bn-ep≈ a´m-t©cn ]≈n-bn¬ H∂n-®p-Iq-Sn. ""k¥-Xn-bp-≈n-S-tØmfw kmºm-aq¿ ]mXn-cn-amsc'' (Cutim k`m sshZn-Isc) AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂vIpcn-in¬ Bem-Øp-sIń kXy-

{]-Xn-⁄-sN-bvXp. Cu kXy-{]-Xn⁄ Hcn-°epw am¿]m-∏-bvs°-Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. I√n-ti-cn-°m-c≥Cń-sØm-Ω≥ IØ-\m¿ am¿]m-∏ -bptSsX∂ t]cn¬ Na®hymP IØns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ae-¶-c-bnse A¿°-Zn-bm-tIm-\m-bn-cp∂ Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv]≈n CS-h-I-°m-c≥ ]≈n-ho-ń¬ tXmam IØ-\msc 12 ]´-°m¿ tN¿∂v Xe-bn¬ ssIh®vsa{Xm-\mbn a¿tØmΩm F∂ -t]-cn¬ hmgn-®-tXm-Sp-IqSn ae-¶-c-bnse k` c≠mbn ]nf¿∂p.a\- n√ma\-t m -sS -bm -sW-¶nepw t]m¿®p -Kokv \pI-Øn≥Io -gn¬ XpS¿∂-h¿{ItaW ]g-b-Iq-dp-Im¿ F∂pwa¿tØmΩm H∂m-as‚ (B¿®p-Uo-°≥) IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h¿]pØ≥Iq-dp-Im¿ F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sm≥ XpS-ßn. C∂p ]gbIqdp-Im¿ kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-bnepw Xriq-cp≈ Ako-dn-b≥N¿®v (kp-dmbn k`) AwK-ß-fp-am-Wv. ]pØ≥Iq-dp-Im-cm-Is´ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`, ae-¶cbmt°m-_mb k`, ae-¶ca¿tØm-Ωm k`, ae-¶c ItØm-en°m k`, sXmgn-bq¿ kzX{¥kpdnbm\n k`, Chm-©-en-°¬k` F∂n-ßs\ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv, ItØm-en°, s{]m´-Ã‚ vhn`m-K-ß-fn-embn NnXdn°s∏´pIgn-bp-∂p.

sa{Xms‚ ssIh-bv]n-√msX"sa{Xm≥]´w' kzoI-cn® tXmamB¿®p -Uo -°\pw Iq´¿°pwImcy-Øns‚ \nP-ÿnXn Adn-bm-am -bn -cp -∂p. At± -l-Øns‚IqsS°qSnb At\-I¿ kXywt_m≤y-am -b-t∏mƒ XncnsIt]mcp-∂p. 1665 ¬ At¥m-Iy≥bmt°m-_mb ]m{Xn-b¿°okvA_vZpƒ Peo¬ am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv F∂ bmt°m-_mbsa{Xms\ ae-¶-c-bn-te°v Ab-®p. At±lw At¥ym-Iy≥ Bcm-[-\-{Iaw {]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-®n-√. t]m¿®p-Kokv anj-\-dn-am¿s°-Xnsc i‡-amb Hcp hnImcwD≠m-°p-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\vkm[n-®p. 1670 ¬ am¿tØmΩm

H∂m-a≥ Znhw-K-X-\m-bn. 1685 ¬F¬tZm am¿ _tk-en-tbm-kv,lnZm-b-Øpƒ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∂o bmt°m-_mbsa{Xm-∑m-sc-Øn. am¿tØmΩmA©m-as‚ Ime-L-´ -Øn¬k{I≈ am¿ _tk-en-tbmkv,am¿ {KntKm-dn -tbmkv F∂obmt°m-_mb sa{Xm-∑m¿ 1751 ¬ae-¶-c -bn¬ FØn. 1772 ¬Bdmw a¿tØm-Ωmbv°v am¿ Znh-∂m -tkymkv F∂ t]cn¬At¥ym-Iy≥ bmt°m-_mbsa{Xm-\m-bn-cp∂ am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm≥ ]´w \¬In.Aßs\ \q‰m -≠n -\p -tijw]pØ≥Iq¿ kap-Zmbt\Xm-hm-bn -cp∂ am¿tØm-Ωmbv°vbYm¿∞ sa{Xm≥]´w e`y-am-bn.

Cu Ime-L-´-ß-fn-sems°]p\-sscIy ]cn-{i-a-ßfpw hfscImcy-ambn \S-∂n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬Ah-sbm∂pw ê-h-Øm-bn-√.At¥ym-Iy≥ bm-t°m-_mb kàe-¶-c-bnse ]pØ≥Iq¿ hn`m-K-Øn¬ ]nSn-ap-dp°n Ign-™n-cp-∂p. At¥ym-Iy≥ Bcm-[-\-{IawChnsS {]Nm-c-Øn-em-bn. 1876 ¬apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ IqSnb kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬h®v ]t{Xmkv aq∂m-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ùXn-IhpwBflo-b-hp -amb A[o-iXzw{]Jym -]n -°p -Ibpw \ho -I -cWI£nt\Xm-°-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂amXyqkv am¿ AØ-\m-tkym-kv,tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kvF∂n-hsc al-tdm≥ sNm√p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚Bcw-̀ -Øn-emWv s{]m -́Ã‚ v kàe-¶-c-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv {_n´≥ Xß-fpsSkm{am-PyXzw ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv.1815 ¬ N¿®v anj≥ skmssk‰nae-¶-c-bn¬ FØp-Ibpw anj≥{]h¿Ø-

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\ -ßƒ Bcw -`n -°p -IbpwsNbvXp. Bcw -` -Im -eØv]pØ≥Iq¿ kap-Zm-b-hp-ambn\√ _‘-Øn -em -bn -cp -∂p.tIW¬ a¨tdm-bpsS HØm-i-tbmsS ]pen-t°m-´n¬ am¿ Znh-∂m -tkymkv tIm´ -b -Øp≈]gb skan-\mcn Bcw-`n -®p.]p∂-Øpd am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ ImeØv At\Iw ae-¶-c-°m¿ s{]m´-Ã‚ v hnizmkwkzoI-cn-®p. 1836 ¬ amth-en-°-c-bn¬ IqSnb kp∂-l-tZm -kn¬h®v Bw•n-°≥ anj-\-dn-am-cp-am-bp≈ kwk¿Kw Dt]-£n-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. At∏m-tg°pw ]me-°p-∂Øv F{_lmw aev]ms‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬Hcp-hn-`mKw \ho-I-cW{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bcw-`n-®p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p.AXns‚ ^e-ambn ]pØ≥Iq¿kap-Zm-b-Øn¬\n∂pw am¿tØmΩm kpdn-bm\n k` cq]-s∏-´p.

5. ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an -bmb tdmans‚ sa{Xm\pw ̀ mc-X-Ønse am¿tØmΩm \{km-Wn-I-fpsS sFIy-hpw

]t{Xmkv «olmbv°v At∏m-kvtXm-enI kwL-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]Ya ÿm\w B Ime-L-´ -Øn-te°v am{X-am -bn -cp∂pF∂p ]d-bp-∂-h¿ Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS KW-Øn-ep-≈-h-cm-Wv.tbip-{InkvXp \nb-an® A∏-kvtXm-e-∑mcpw Ahn-Sp∂v ]d-™ hN-\-ßfpw Ahn-Sp∂vÿm]n® IqZm-i-Ifpw tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ {]hm-NI, ]ptcm-lnX, cmP-Iob ZuXy-ßfpw BIme-L-́ -Øn-te°v am{X-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ Fs∂-√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. am¿tØmΩm«olm-bpsSA∏-kvtXm-enI ss]-Xr-I-Øn¬Du‰w sIm≈p∂-h¿°v ]t{Xm-kn -s‚bpw At± -l-Øns‚

\n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ am¿tØmΩm«olm-bn¬\n∂v hnizm-k-sh-fn®w e`n® `mc-X-a-°ƒ°v Ncn-{X-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-I-fn¬ ]etNcn-I-fn-em-tI-≠n-h-∂p. 1653 \papºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v Hcp aS-°-bm{X C\nbpwAkw-`-hy-am-Wv. ]t£ sshhn-≤y-ß-fn-ep≈ sFIyw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-tbmSv sFIy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v HcpI¿Ømhpw Hcp hnizm-khpwHtc IqZm-i-Ifpw Htc lb-cm¿°n-bp-ambn H∏w ss]Xr-I-ß-fnepw Bcm-[-\m{I-a-ß-fnepwB≤ym -fln -I -X -bnepw A®-S°kwhn-[m-\-ß-fn-ep-sams°sshhn≤yw \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠vapt∂-dp-hm\pw tbip-{InkvXpB{K-ln-°p∂ {XnXz-Øn-ep≈

]n≥Km -an -I -fp -sSbpw kphn -tijZuXysØ Ah-K-Wn-°m-\m-hptam? tbip-{In-kvXp-hmWvbYm¿∞ ]ptcm -ln -X≥,bYm¿∞ {]hm-N-I≥, bYm¿∞cmPm-hv. tbip-hmWv bYm¿∞_en-b¿∏-I\pw _en-h-kvXp-hpw.Ch-sb√mw Cu temI-Øns‚`mK-ambn Pohn-°p∂ a\p-jy\vkm≤y-am-°p-∂Xv k`-bn-eqsStbip-{InkvXp C∂pw Pohn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂temI-amsI hym]n-®p-In-S-°p∂Ahn-SpsØ k`sb kvt\l-Øn¬ H∂n-∏n-°p∂ IÆn-bmbnHcp A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ip{iq-j-I≥ thWw. AXv ]t{Xm-kns‚]n≥Km-an-bmb tdmans‚ sa{Xm-\m-ImsX Xc-an-√.

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kvt\l-Iq -´m -bva -bn¬ Ahn-SpsØ k` ]¶m-fn-bm-Ip-hm\pw`mcX D]-`q-J-fi-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, temIw apgp-h\pw a¿tØmΩmss]Xr-I-k-`bv°v kphn-tijw{]tLm-jn -°p -hm\pw F¥p-sIm≠v km[n-°p-∂n-√.

6. ssZh-Zm-k≥ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ kssÌy Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS {]k‡n

ItØm-en° k` kss`-Iy-sØ-°p-dn®v Kuc-h-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Zi-I-ßƒ°p apºp-Xs∂ ae-¶c k`-bnse _Y-\n-bpsS sa{Xm-\m-bn-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Cuhm-\n -tbmkv]nXmhv kss`-Iy-sØ-°p-dn®vNn¥n-°p-Ibpw {]b-Xv\n-°p-Ibpw XymKw kln-°p-Ibpw ae-

¶-c-bnse kssÌyw ̀ mKn-I-am-bn-s -́¶nepw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZh-k-ºm-Z-\-amWv AXyp-Øaw F∂v At±lw Nn¥n-®p. At±lw Hcn-°epwamXr-k-̀ sb H‰n-sIm-Sp-°p-Itbmh©n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-ń -√.]W-sØ-°mfpw ÿm\-am-\-ß-sf-°mfpw At±lw ssZh-hnfnkss`-Iy-Øn-\p -th-≠n-bp≈{]b-Xv\-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-™p.Xs‚ k`sb A{X-b -[nIwkvt\ln -®p. At\Iw bph-Xobphm-°sf Xs‚ kz¥wsNe-hn¬ ]Tn-∏n®v k`bv°vapX¬°q-´p-≠m°n. `mcX D]-`q-J-fi-Øns‚ kphn-ti-jo-I-c-W-amWv am¿tØmΩm \{kmWnk`-bpsS {]Y-a-e£yw F∂Xncn-®-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-

Øn-\v. `mc-Xob ssien-bn-ep≈k\y m -k - { ] -ÿm - \ -Ø n\ vAt±lw cq]w \¬In. km¿Δ-{XnI k`-tbmSv am¿tØmΩm\{kmWn k` sFIy-s∏-Sp-∂XvAt±lw kz]v\w I≠p. ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]-\-tØmsS sa{Xm≥ I£n ̨ _mhmI£n {]iv\w Xoc-W-sa-∂m-{K-ln-s®-¶nepw AXv \S-∂n-√ F∂kXyw At±-lsØ Akz-ÿ-\m-°n. k -̀bn¬ imizX kam-[m-\-ap-≠mbn k` kphn-ti-jo-I-c-W-{]-b-Xv\-Øn-s\m-cp-ß-W-sa-¶n¬ k` ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-tbmSv H∂n-°-W-sa∂ t_m≤yw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn. A∂sØ ae-¶c k`bv°v s]mXpshAt±-lsØ a\- n-em-°phm≥km[n-®n√ F∂-XmWv G‰wZpxJ-I-c-amb Imcyw.

D]-kw-lmcw

""im-cn-bpsS Ipg-∏hpw XSn-bpsS hfhpw tai \n¿Ωm-WsØ _m[n-®p' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse, tdmanse ]t{Xm-kns‚ knwlm-k-\ -Øns‚{]mtbm-KnI kao-]--\ -ßfpwam¿tØmΩm \{km-Wn-I-fpsSNne sX‰mb ssien-Ifpw `mc-X-k-`-bn¬ Ass\-Iy-ßƒ°vImc-W-am-bn. `mc-X-k-`-bn¬sFIy-cq-]y-a-√, sFIy-am-Wp-≠m-tI-≠Xv (Not uniformity, but unity).AXn\v Ign-™-Ime sX‰p-Iƒ]mT-am -tI-≠-Xp -≠v. Ncn{XwC\nbpw Bh¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°-s´. k`-I-fpsS sFIyw Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-Wv. {InkvXp]e-Xmbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-∂XvtemI-Øns‚ ap≥]n¬ {InkvXpA\p-bm-bn-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ henbFXn¿ km£y-am-bn-cn-°pw. H∏wss{IkvXh k`-bpsS ]cm-P-bhpw _e-lo-\-X-bp-am-Wv.

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\m¬∏-Øn-b©p ]´-°m¿iq\ym-h-kvY-bn¬\n∂p cq]-Xsb

]Sp-Øp-b-¿Øm≥ 45 sshZn-I-cmWv

A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv

s]cnb ]pen-t°m-´-b-Xn¬ dºm≥,

am°o-e-®≥,am-tc-´-®≥,

ssX°m-´-®≥,-ssX-°-S-h-®≥,

sNdn-b-a-T-Ønse c≠-®≥am¿,

Xdb∏´bn-e-®≥ thtd,

Nn‰-°m-ńse _e-hm-\-®≥,

I®nd-a-‰-Ø-®≥,-]ns∂

Ip∂-t¶-cn-I-f--Xn-e-®≥,

]ns∂∏uh-Xn-Ip-t∂-e-®≥,

Ip∂-Ø-®≥,-Ip-º-f-am-Ipw,

Ip∂nseb®≥,-tXm-º-d-b-®≥,

hgp-X-e-h-\-a-Xn-e-®≥,-\-s√mcp

Ign-hp-I-fp-≈-Im-te-°m-´-®≥,

tXh-¿then-e-e-Ivtkym-k-®≥,

Koh¿Kokma-®≥ t{ijvT≥,

^mZ¿ tPm¨ _n.-sF-kn.-\-ΩpsS

^nZ-enkv kn.Un.-b-®≥ hμy≥

^mZ¿ eot\mkv kn.-Un.-I-gn-™nt´

{_“-®≥ kn.-sF.-knbpw

\√-h-S-t°-X-e-a-Xn-e-®≥

\Sp-hn-se-bn-S-a-Xn-e-®≥,-h-μy≥

sXt°-°-c-bn-se-b-®≥,-Xm-g-Ø-®≥,

hmg-∏-≈n-bn-e-®≥

]m´t»cn-bns-e-®≥,-a-Æ≥˛

tXm´p-h-gn-°-]p-c-°se-®≥,

]Snbpw Rmb¿ Ic-bn-se-b-®≥

]mS-h-ta-dnb _nUn-b-®-\p˛

anf-h-´-Øn-se-b-®≥,--]ns∂

\ne-∏-\-®≥,-Zm-\n-tb-e-®≥,

ssa°-f-®≥,-d-t∏-e-®≥,

]t°mhykv _n.-F.-kn-b-®≥

hm°-\-]m-S-Ø-®≥,-\-ΩpsS

As°-c-bp-≈-I-f-Øn-se-b-®≥

sFcm-‰n-∏-Sh-®≥,-am-°n-en-c˛

´bn-e-®≥,-tdm-an¬ hkn°pw

tPmk∏®≥,-\-t√m-c-®≥ ]me-bv°-sebpw

aqe-bn¬ a-Ænseb-®≥ am\y≥

{]uV≥ cma≥ \mńse-b-®≥,

hS-ti-cn-bn-se-gp-a-®-\p-an-ßs\.........

k` tbip{In-kvXp-hns‚ ̀ uXnI ico-chpw(mystical body) Ahn-SpsØ ]n≥Xp-S¿®-bp-am-Wv. `mc-Øn¬ GI-am-bn-cp∂ Cu ùXn-I-i-cocw t]m¿®p-Kokv BK-a-\hpw At¥ym-Iy≥BK-a-\hpw Bw•n-°≥ BK-a-\hpw hgn hn`-Pn-X-am-bn. Hmtcm hn -̀P-\-ßfpw apdn-hp-I-fp-≠m-°p-∂p. Iqń-t®¿°m-\m-hm-ØXpw kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-amb apdn-hp-Iƒ kr„n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. am¿tØmΩm \{kmWn k`-Iƒ C∂vCXp-t]m-se-bp≈ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-Wv. Cu aq∂phyXykvX ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ kr„n® apdn-hp-IƒDW-°-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ B ]mc-º-cy-ßƒt]dp∂ C∂sØ k`m kaq-l-ßƒ ap≥ssIFSp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn\v Xøm-dm -bm¬am{Xsa kss -̀Iy-Øn-te-°p≈ BZy ]Sn hnP-b-I-c-am-hp-I-bp-≈q.

D]Imc kvacW

joe jmPnBew-Xp-cpØn

D]Imc kvacW

Hcp hnizmkn,




G{_lmw ]utemkv ]≈n-∏-d-ºn¬

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^m. tPm¿Pv tXmakvI√p-¶¬ H.-sF.-kn.

B≤ym-flnI {]Xn-̀ mkw

ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS Ncn{XwXs∂ Xncp-Øn-°p-dn® Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse k`m-N-cn{X kw -̀-h-ß-fn¬ i‡-ambn FSp-Øp-Im-´-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Zm-k≥ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-em-cw-̀ n®v kss -̀Iy-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Ab-hn-d-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ Akm-[m-c-W-amb hf¿®-bnepw apt∂-‰-ß-fn-epw A`n-am\w Is≠-Øp-Ibpw AXv BtLm-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ime-b-f-hm-Wt√m CXv. ae-¶c k`-bnse ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\-sØ-∏-‰n- Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI ˛kmaqly am\-ß-fmWv ]e-t∏mgpw \ΩpsS a\- p-I-fnepwNn¥-I-fnepw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. CØcw ImgvN--∏m-Sp-Iƒ°pwhne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw C∂ns‚ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ {]k-‡n-bp-s≠-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. F∂m¬ Cu kss`Iykw`-hhpw AXn¬\n-∂p-f-hmb ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\hpwBXy-¥n-I-ambn Hcp B≤ym-flnI {]Xn-`m-k-am-sW∂hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√.

]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ kph¿Æ Pq_n-en-B-tLm-jm-h-k-c-Øn¬ hnip≤ tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏\¬Inb ktμ-i-Øn¬ ]p\-sscIy kw`-hsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv "kphn-tij kz`m-h-ap≈ Hcp B≤ym-flnIkw`hw' (Spiritual event) F∂m-Wv. A\n-Xckm[m-c-W-amb {]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw {]mb-›n-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw Bg-ta-dnb B≤ym-flnIm\p-`q-Xn-bpsSbpw A\-¥c^e-am-bp-≠mb B≤ym-flnI kw`hw F∂m-Wv ]. ]nXmhv hni-Zo-I-cn®p ]d™Xv. kØm-]-c-amb Cusbmcp hkvXp-X-bn¬\n∂v am‰n \n¿Øn ]p\-sscIy kw`-h-sØtbm

]p\-sscIy

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{]ÿm-\-sØtbm ImWp-IbpwhymJym-\n-°p-Ibpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb hogvN-bm-Wv.

{InkvXm-\p-I-cW A\p-̀ hw

kssÌyw F∂ Nn¥ am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hn-te°vi‡-ambn IS-∂p-h-∂Xv k`{InkvXp-hns‚ aW-hm-́ n-bm-Wv,{InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-amWv F∂hnip≤ enJnX bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬\n∂p-am-Wv. {InkvXpinc pw, inc- m-Ip∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-hp-amWv k`. ico-c-Øns‚ kpÿn-Xn-°p-th≠nhnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ hnhn[ Ah-b-h-ßƒico-c-Øn-\p-s≠-¶nepw icocwHt∂-bp-≈q. {InkvXp-hm-Ip∂GI -in-c pw k -̀bm-Ip∂ GIico-chpw F∂ Bi-b-Øns‚hnhn[ hi-ßƒ ]nXm-hn¬Bg-s∏´p hy‡-am-Ip-∂Xv k\ym-k-Øn-eqsStbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ hm°nepw {]hrØn-bnepwNn¥-bn¬t∏mepw G‰w ASp-Ø-\p-I-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. tbip-an-in-lmsb A\p-I-cn-°pI F∂Xvtbip-hn-s\-t∏mse Bbn-Øo-cpI, F√m-‰nepwtbip-hns‚ Xncp-hn„w \nd-th-‰pI F∂n-h-bm-sW∂v ]nXmhv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. tbip-hp-am-bp≈ CusFIy-s∏-S-en\p≈ Xo{h-amb B{K-l-Øn¬\n-∂mWv "anin-lm-\p-I-cW k\ymk kaqlw' F∂vXm≥ ÿm]n® kwL-S\m kaq-l-ßƒ°v ]nXmhvt]cp \¬In-b-Xv.

anin-lm-\p-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂pf-hmb B≤ym-fln-Im-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv k` {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-am-sW-¶n¬ k`-bnse `n∂-X-I-fpw k`-I-fpsS Ass\-Iyhpw tbip{InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ Gev]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ apdn-hp-I-fm-sW∂ t_m≤yw. I¿Øm-hns‚ ico-c-Ønse Zmcp-W-amb apdn-hp-IƒF∂mWv ]nXmhv k -̀I-fpsS Ass\-Iy-sØ- hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ss{IkvXh k`-I-fpsS `n∂n∏pZnhy-\m-Ys‚ lrZ-bsØ AKm-[-ambn apdn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂ Cu BflnIm-\p-`hwI¿Øm-hns‚ ico-c-Ønse apdn-hp-W-°p-hm-\p≈Xs‚ PohnX ka¿∏-W-Øn-te-°mWv ]nXm-hns\

\bn-°p-∂-Xv. ""I¿Øm-hns‚ico-c-Ønse Hcp sNdnbapdn-sh-¶nepw Icn-°p-∂-Xn\v Fs∂ BbncwIj-W-ß-fmbn \pdp°nB apdn-hn¬ hbv°m-sa-

¶n¬ AXv Xs∂-bmWv th≠-sX∂p tXm∂n''F∂v ]nXmhv km£n-°p-∂p.

X\n-°p-≠mb Cu henb B≤ym-fln-Im-\p-̀ qXn]nXmhv Xs∂ Xt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≠mb k\ym-kn-Ifpwk\ym-kn-\n-I-fp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p-Ibpw kssÌywF∂ Bibw Ah-cn¬ A¶p-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXpt]m∂p.C{X kap-∂-X-amb Hcp B≤ym-flnIm\p-`q-Xn-bn¬\n∂mWv kssÌyw F∂ Bibw am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXmhn¬ DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xpw ]n∂o-SXv i‡n-{]m-]n-®Xpw ê-Zm-b-I-am-b-Xpw.

i‡-ambXm]-kn-Im-¥-co£w

]p\-ssc-Iy-Øns‚ \mƒhgn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ kssÌyw F∂ Cu Bflo-bm-\p-̀ hw HcpPohn-X-bm-Ym¿∞y-ambn ]n∂o-sSmcp Ncn{XbmYm¿-∞y-ambn cq]-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bm-°n-bXvap≠≥ae B{i-a-Ønse {]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw {]mb-›n-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw X]- n-s‚bpw A¥-co-£-am-Wv.]p\-sscIy Nn¥-Ifpw AXn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Nne{]mY-anI {]mtbm-KnI \S-]-Sn-Ifpw i‡n-{]m-]n-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ AXn¬\n∂hsc hyXn-N-en-∏n-°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ FXn¿]-£-Øp-

am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkvlrZb km¥z\ ]≤Xn

Pohs≥ Zriykv]μ-\-amWv lrZbw. lrZb--tcm-Khpw]cn-N-c-Whpw hf-sc-tbsd {i≤n°-s∏-Sp∂ HcpIme-L-´-am-WnXv. sk]v‰-º¿ amkw lrZb ]cn-N-cW amk-ambn temIw BN-cn -°p -I -bm -Wv.Hcphs≥d lrZb-Øn\p kwc£Ww \evIp-∂XvPohs\ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. 85mw ]p\-sscIy hm¿jnImtLmjw Imcp-Wy-{]--h¿Ø-\-ßƒ.am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv lrZb km¥z\ ]≤Xn F∂t]cn¬ 85 lrZvtcmKn-Iƒ 100000 cq] [\klmbw\¬Ip-∂p.-\ncmew_¿°v Cu ]≤Xn ]pXnblrZbkv]μ\w Xs∂-bm-Ip-sa∂v {]Xo-£n--°p-∂p.

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\n∂pw i‡n-s∏´p XpS-ßn. AI-Øp-\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-\n-∂p-ap≈FXn¿∏p -Iƒ, `ojWnIƒ,Poh≥ A]-IS kml-N-cy-ßƒ,H‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\[mcmfw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw {]tNm-Z-\-ßfpw hy‡n-]-c-amb ]co-£-Ifpw Ah¿ t\cn-tS-≠-Xmbnh∂n-́ p-≠v. Ch-bp-sS-sb√mw a≤y-Øn¬ Xß-fpsS t_m≤y-ß-fn¬\n∂v H´pw hyXn-N-en-°msXAN-©-e-cmbn \n¬°p-hm≥Ahsc klm-bn-®Xv X]-kns‚A·n-bn¬ \n∂-h¿ Bth-in-s®-SpØ Bflob i‡n-bm-Wv.Xobn¬ Ipcp-ØXv shbn-en¬hmSp -I -bn√ F∂-Xm -Wt√mPohnX bmYm¿∞yw.

]p\-ssc -Iy -Øn -te-°p≈Ah-cpsS bm{X hn´p-t]m-I-en-s‚bpw hn´p -sIm -Sp -°-en -s‚bpw Dt]-£n-°-en-s‚bpwDt]-£n-°-s∏-S-en-s‚bpw hgn-bn-eqsSbmbncp∂p. kss`-Iy-Øn-te-°p≈ Ah-cpsS Cd-ß n - ∏ p - d - s ∏ - S - e n ¬Ah¿°p≈Xpw D≠m-Im-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp-amb ]eXpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-t°≠n h∂p. hy‡n-_-‘-ßfpw ÿm\-am -\ -ßfpwhkvXp-h-I-Ifpw F¥n-t\-sd,Ah-cpsS F√m-am -bn -cp∂ap≠≥a-e-t]mepw Dt]-£n--®n-d-tß≠Xmb Ah-ÿ-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ Ch-bvs°m∂pwAh-cpsS hgn-I-fn¬ {]Xn-_-‘-ßƒ kr„n-°mt\m Ah-cpsS Xocp-am-\-Øn¬\n∂v]n¥n-cn-∏n-°mt\m Ign-™n-√.Ch-sb√mw Dt]-£n-°p-tºm-gp≈ ̀ mhnsb°pdn-®p≈ Bi-¶-Ifpw Ahsc Ae-́ n-bn-√. k\ym-k-Øn-eqsS Ah¿ A`y-kn®k¿Δ-kw-K-]-cn -Xym -K-Øns‚kphn-tij ]mT-ßƒ CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ Ahsc _e-s∏-Sp-Øn.F√mw ]cn-Xy-Pn®v tbipanin-lmsb ]n≥sN∂ {InkvXpinjy-∑m-cpsS Pohn-Xw, k\ymk]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Pohn-Xw,k¿Δ-kwK]cn-Xym-Kn-I-fmb ̀ mc-Xob Ejn-h-cy-∑m-cpsS PohnXwCh-sb√mw Ah¿°v {]tNm-Z-\-

ta-In. I¿Øm-hns\ {]Xn Dt]-£n-®-sXm∂pw \„-am-In-s√∂pwCu temI-Øn¬ h®p-Xs∂ ]Xn-∑-S-ßmbn XncnsI In´p-sa-∂p-ap≈ hmKvZm\w A\z¿∞-ambNcn-{X-amWv ]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\-Øn-\p-≈-Xv.

A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb{]m¿∞-\m-¥-co£w

"\mw H∂m-bn -cn -°p -∂-Xp -t]mse Ahcpw H∂m-bn-cn-t°-Wsa' F∂p≈ tbip-\m-Ys‚Xo{h-amb B{Klhpw {]m¿∞-\bpw _Y-\n-bnse ]nXm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw k\ym-kn-I-fp-sSbpwB{K-lhpw {]m¿∞-\-bp-ambnamdn. tbip-hn-t\m-sSm∏w B{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ Ah¿ Xo£vW-ambn ]¶p-tN¿∂p. {]m¿∞-\-

bpsS \nd™ A¥-co-£-Øn-emWv ]p\-sscIyhpambn _‘-s∏´ Btem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xpw Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ssIs°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xpw. ap≠≥ae B{i-a-Øns‚ sIm®p Nm∏-ensek{Im-cn -bn¬ hn. Ip¿_m\kq£n-®p -sIm≠v (Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnen√m-Xn-cp∂BNm-cw) k -̀I-fpsS sFIy-Øn-\p-th≠n Ah¿ {]m¿∞n-®n-cp-∂p. ae-¶c k`-bnse ]p\-sscIyw tIhew Nne _u≤n-I-

amb hni-I-e -\ß-fp -sSbpwIs≠-Ø-ep-I-fp-sSbpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb Nne IW°p Iq´-ep-I-fp-sSbpw ̂ e-am-bp-≠mb {]Xn-̀ m-k-a-√. AXv {]m¿∞-\-bn-eqsSssZh-ln-X-sa-s¥∂p a\- n-em°n ssZh-Øn¬ am{Xw B{i-bn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp FSp-Øp-Nm--́ambncp∂p. {]m¿∞-\-bpsS Cu

_e-amWv AXn-s‚ hnP-b-c-l-kyw.

ap≠≥a-e-bnse ]nXm-°-∑m-cpw k\ym-kn-I-fp-w ,]nXm-hns‚Xncp -lnXw Adn -bp -hm -\mbn{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ ap-gp-In-bn-cp∂tbip-hn-s\-t∏mse, Xß-fpsSBtem-N-\-I-fnepw Xocp-am-\-ß-fnepw ssZhlnXw Fs¥-∂-dn-bp-hm≥ ImØn-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-\p-th≠n ]nXmhv

\S -Ønb Fgp -Øp-Ip -Øp -I -fnse√mw ItØm-en°k`-bp-am-bp≈ Xs‚ sFIy-\o-°-Øn-\p≈ Imc-W-ß-fpsS hniz-k-\o-bX Dd-∏n -°-s∏-´n -cn -°p-∂XvssZh-lnXw AXmWv F∂p≈

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]nXm-hns‚ t_m≤y-Øn-em -Wv . \nc -¥-c -amb{ ] m ¿ ∞ - \ - b n - e q s SB¿÷n® A\p-`-h-am-Wn-Xv. GXp {]Xn-_-‘-ßfpwXcWw sNøm -\p≈i‡n ]nXm-hn\p e`n -®Xpw Cu t_m≤y -Øn¬\n-∂m-Wv.

Xs‚ F√m {][m\Xocp-am-\-ßƒ°pw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°pw ap≥]v Nm∏-en¬Ibdn Zo¿L-k-abw{ ] m ¿ ∞ - \ m - \ n - c - X -\mbtijw IS-∂p-h-cp∂]nXm-hns‚ XqenImNn{XwXs‚ Po-h-N-cn{X{KŸ-ß-fn¬ DS-\ofw ImWmw. h -́t»-cn¬ ]nXm-hp-am-bp≈IqSn-°m-gvN-Iƒ°p ap≥]vN m ∏ - e n ¬ \ n ∂ n -dßnhcp∂ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hn-s\-bmWv]e-t∏mgpw \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-te-°p≈ bm{X-bn¬ _Y\nae-tbmSp hnS-sNm-√p∂Xn\p ap≥]p≈ cm{Xn- apgp-h≥ B{ia Nm∏-enemWv ]nXmhv Ign-®p-Iq-ń-b-Xv. AhnsS Znhy-Im-cpWy k∂n-[n-bn-en-cp∂psIm-≠mWv Xt∂m-sSm∏w Cd-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈hcpsS Xocp-am-\-ßƒ kzoI-cn-®Xpw Ahsci‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xpw. ]p\-ssc-Iy-Im-eØpw AXn-\p-ti-jhpw Znhy-Im-cpWy k∂n[n Bbn-cp∂p]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS B{i-b-tI-{μhpw Bim-tI-{μhpwi‡n-t{km-X- pw.

]p\-sscIy {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hnP-b-Øn-\mbn`mc-X-Ønepw temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn-epw{]m¿∞-\m-tbm-K-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xmbn Adn-bmw. ]nXm-°-∑m¿ k©-cn® ÿe-ß-fnse √mwAh-cpsS {]Y-a-amb A`y¿ ∞\ ]p\-sscIy{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hnP-b-Øn-\mbn {]m¿∞n-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬, A\n-Xckm[m-c-W-amb{]m¿∞-\-bpsS A\-¥c ̂ e-amWv ]p\-ssc-Iy-{]-ÿm-\w.

]p\-sscIy Acq]n

CXp -t]m -se -bp≈i‡-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fn-emWv am¿ Cuhm-\n-

tbmkv ]nXmhpw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw ]p\-sscIywkm[n-®Xpw ]p\-ssc-Iy-{]-ÿm\w ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øn-b-Xpw. Cu BZ¿i-ßƒ k -̀bn¬ i‡-ambn Pohn-°p -∂-Xn -\ -\p -kr -X -am -bn -´mWv ]p\-sscIy{]ÿm\w hcpw-Im-e-ß-fn¬ hf¿∂p i‡n-{]m-]n-®v ê-ap-f-hm-°p-∂-Xv. kssÌyw F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v \qX-\-am-\-ßƒ ssIh-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂Ime-b-f-hm-Wn-Xv. Bflob FIyp-sa-\n-ksØ(spiritual Ecuemenism)-Ip-dn®v C∂v \mw [mcmfwtIƒ°p-∂p-≠v. ssZh-imkv{X X¿°hnj-b-ß-fpsS Iodn-ap-dn® A]-{K-Y-\-ßƒ°∏p-d-ambn tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ auen-I-ambn A\p-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈Bg-ta-dnb {]m¿∞-\m-\p-̀ q-Xn-bn¬\n-∂pfhm-Ip∂kssÌy Nn¥-Ifpw sFIy-\o-°-ß-fp-amWv IqSp-X¬ ê-a-Wn-bp-∂-Xv F∂v ae-¶c kss`-Iy-{]-ÿm\w sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. {]m¿∞-\-bpsSbpw X]-kn-s‚bpw cay-X-bp-sSbpw ]c-kv]c AwKo-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw A¥-co£w Cu sFIy-{i-a-ßsf kpK-a-am-°pw. CXmWv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]nXmhpwA\p-Km-an-Ifpw k`bv °p \¬Inb ]p\-ssc-IyA-cq-]n.

am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkvBtcmKy kar≤n

hr°tcmKw G‰hpw A[nIw h¿≤n-°p∂ Cukml-N-cy-Øn¬ Ubm-en-knkv F∂ ]cn-lm-c-a-√msX as‰m∂neqw B{i-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp

henb P\-k-aqlwXs∂ \ap-°pNp‰pw D≠v.Pohs≥d kar≤n A\p-`-h-th-Zyam-tI-≠Xv

Poh≥ AkvX-an-® vXocp-∂-h-cn-em-Wv.- A-Xn-¬Xncp-h√ AXn-`-{Zm-k\sØ \bn® ]pWy-t«m-I-cmb ]nXm-°≥am-cpsS Hm¿Ω°mbn 300 Ubm-en-kn-kp-Iƒ hoXw \¬Ip-hm≥ Xm¬]-cy-s∏-Sp-∂p.Hcp Ubm-en-kn\v 2000 cq] hoXw [\k-lmbw

\¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.-]p-Æy-t«m-I-\mbbmt°m_v am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]nXm-hns≥d

t]cn¬ Cu ]≤Xn Adn-b-s∏Spw.

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sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 2015

2001˛¬ tdman¬ \n∂pw D]cn]T\w Ign™v Rm≥ \m´n¬

Xncns®Ønb Imew. ]p\sscIyØns‚ {]Yak¥m\ßfn¬ GIAflmb\mbncp∂ _lp. InfnteØv Nmt°m®s‚ PohnXwBkv]Zam°n Hcp eLp{KŸw {]kn≤oIcn°Wsa∂v B{Klwa\ n¬ Iptd\mfmbn sIm≠p \S°pIbmbncp∂p. F∂m¬At±lsØ kw_‘n® hnhcßƒ e`n°p∂ {KŸßƒH∂pwXs∂ e`n®n√. ]ns∂bp≈ km[yX At±lsØ ASpØp]cnNbap≈htcbpw IpSpw_Ønep≈htcbpw t\cn´v I≠vhnhcßƒ tiJcn°pI F∂Xmbncp∂p. Aßs\ hoWpIn´p∂HgnhpZn\ßsf√mw ]e ÿe ßfnepw bm{X sNbvXp BfpIsft\cn¬ I≠v hnhcßƒ tiJcn°phm≥ XpSßn. At±lØn\vkv{Xo[\ambn e`n® Xncph√bnse sk‚ v tacokv dknU≥jy¬kvIqfns‚ ]n≥hiØp≈ hkXn tXSn sN∂t∏mƒ D≠mbHc\p`hw Hm¿°p∂p. XZhkcØn¬ Ft∂msSm∏w B{iaØnse_lp. {_Z¿ s¢a‚ v ]m≠mØd bpap≠mbncp∂p. Nmt°m®s‚CfbaI\mbncp∂p AhnsS Xmakw. F∂m¬ InfnteØvNmt°m®s‚ hoSv At\zjn®n´v B¿°pw FhnsSbmsW∂vImWn®p Xcphm≥ Ign™n√. F¥p sNøWsa∂v AdnbmsXIpgßn\n∂t∏mƒ AXphgn h∂ hfsc {]mbap≈ Hcpsslμhkv{XotbmSv InfnteØv Nmt°m®s‚ hoSv GXmsW∂vAt\zjn®p. Ahcpw ssIae¿Øn. F∂m¬ Aev]wapt∂m´vt]mbtijw Ah¿ XncnsI h∂ptNmZn®p, ""\nßƒ _Y\nNmt°m®s‚ hoSmtWm At\zjn°p∂Xv''. ""AtX'' Rßƒ]d™p. Ah¿ ]d™p, ""Aßs\ ]ds™¶nte BfpIƒ°va\ nemIq''. Ah¿ hoSv ImWn®p X∂p.

P\lrZbßfn¬ InfnteØv Nmt°m®≥, amt\P¿ Nmt°m®\mbn hf¿∂v, _Y\n Nmt°m®\mbn ae¶c k`mNcn{XØnepwae¶c a°fpsS lrZbØnepw e_v[ {]XnjvT \mb Ncn{Xw Bsslμhkv{XobpsS hm °pIfneqsS Fs‚ apºn¬ shfns∏SpI

^m. tPmkv acnbZmkvH.sF.kn.

_Y\n Nmt°m®≥

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bmbncp∂p. F∂m¬C∂pw k¶SIc amb HcpbmYm¿∞yw F∂p ]dbp∂Xv ae¶c k`bpsS]pXnb Xeapd bv°v Cuhy‡nXzw th≠{X kp]cnNnXa√ F∂p≈XmWv. H∏w hnkv acn°s∏Sp∂Xv ae¶cbpsS Ncn{Xhgnbn¬ _en A¿∏n°s∏´ Hcp ]mh\ PohnXØns‚ Hm¿ΩIfpamWv.

At±lsØ°pdn®p≈{KŸcN\ Fs∂ kw_‘n®nStØmfw AhnkvacWobamb Hcp A\p`hambncp∂p. I≠papńb hy‡nIfpsS hm°pIfnseXo{hXbpw, Hm¿ΩIfnseB¿{ZXbpw, k`mkvt\lØns‚ Bghpw, [m¿Ωn ItcmjØns‚ I\¬ shfn®hpw Hcpt]msesXm´dn™v \mfpIfmbncp∂p Ah.I≠Xpw tI´Xpw apgph\mbn ISem n¬ ]I¿Øm\mhtX HuNnXyt_m[Øns‚ `mchpw, Adn™ kXyØns‚s\mºcßfpw lrZbsØ L\s∏SpØnb\mfpIfmbncp∂p Ah.

""ae¶ck`bpsS hnizkvXX\mb Imcyÿ≥''F∂ {KŸw BZyambn {]Imi\w sNbvXXvamthen°cbn¬ h®v \S∂ 75˛maXv ]p\sscIymtLmjthZnbn¬ sh®mWv. cmhnse 10 aWn°v{]Imi\w sNbvXv ]pkvXIw sshIpt∂cwBbt∏mtgm°pw hn‰pXo¿∂ncp∂p. ae¶cbnsek`m{]kn≤oIcWcwKØv B eLp{KŸwBcpadnbmsX Aßs\sbmcp Ncn{Xw Ipdn®pF∂p]dbmw. DS≥ Xs∂ c≠mw ]Xn∏v Cdßn.XpS¿∂v \mfnXphsc Cw•ojnep≈ Hcp ]Xn∏pƒs∏sS \mev ]Xn∏pIƒ Cdtß≠Xmbnh∂p.

Hcp ]Zhnbpw, A[nImcÿm\ßfpw, AwKoImchpw tXSnsbØmØ Cu km[pa\pjys‚PohNcn{Xw P\ßƒ Bthi]q¿hw hmbn®vs\t©mSv tN¿ØXns‚ ckX{¥sa¥mWv. AXnte°p≈ Hcp FØnt\m ámWv Cu sNdpteJ\w.

am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv]nXmhv siΩmi\mbn]gb skan\mcnbn¬]Tn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ImeØmWv _me\mbInfnteØv Nmt°m®≥tIm´bØv FØp∂Xv.

siΩmis‚ Kpcphmbn cp∂ h´t»cn¬ am¿Zoh∂ymtkymkv Xncpta \nbpsS {]tXyIhm’eyØn\v ]m{Xo`qX\mb sIm®pNmt°m®≥Xmakwhn\m ae¶ck`m tkh\Øns‚XÍØn\p≈nembn. ]n. ‰n . Koh¿ KokvsiΩmi≥, ]n∂oSv sshZnI\mIpIbpw Fw.Un.skan\mcn kvIqƒ {]n≥kn∏emIpIbpw sNbvXp.kvIqfns‚bpw t_m¿UnwKns‚bpw kpKaamb{]h¿Ø\Øn\v 1908˛¬ Nmt°m®≥amt\Pcmbpw \nabn°s∏ńcp∂p. 1908 apX¬ 1918hscbp≈ ]Øv h¿j°mesØ At±lØns‚kvXpXy¿lamb tkh\Øn\v \m´pIm¿ XpeywNm¿Øn sImSpØ t]cmWv ""amt\P¿ Nmt°m®≥''.

skdmwºq¿ hmkImeØn\ptijw 1919 am¿Cuhm\ntbmkv ]nXmhv s]cp\mSn \SpØv ap≠≥aebn¬ _Y\n ÿm]n®t∏mƒ B{ias°ńShpwNm∏epw a‰pw ]Wn bphm\p≈ NpaXe G¬∏n®Xpw Nmt°m®s\ Bbncp∂p. A∂v B h\a≤yØn¬ Nmt°m®≥ Bimcnamscbpw IqńB{ias°ńSw \n¿Ωn°phm≥ Cdßnbt∏mƒAΩbmb B≠Ωbpw, `mcy A∂Ωbpw, ssIIp™pßƒ c≠pt] cpw H∏ap≠mbncp∂p.

am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv`h\ km£m-XvImc ]≤Xn

`h\w Hcp kz]v\-amWv. Hmtcm IpSpw-_hpw Cukz]v\w km£m-XvI-cn-°phm\mbn {]b-Xv\n-

°p∂p. am-\y-amb `h\w Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpwAh-Im-i-amWv. Hcp `h\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥km[n-°mØ \n¿[-\-cmb 10 IpSpw-_-ßƒ°v

1,50,000 cq] [\-k-lmbw \¬Ip-∂p.Cu ]≤Xnam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-hns≥d t]cn-¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv G‰hpw DNn-X-am-Wv.- Im-cWw ]mh-s∏-

´-h-cpsS `h\ \n¿am-W-ßƒ°v th≠nA£oWw {]b-Xv\n® hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p am¿

{KntKm-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-hv..

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sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 2015

kzcq]n°pIbpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ IcnaW¬Xocßfnse kz]v\ßƒ Dt]£n®v, ]p\sscIyXocßfn¬ FØm\mWv ssZhw At±lsØ\bn®Xv.

Npcp°Øn¬ 1930˛¬ BZyw ]p\sscIys∏´Xn¬ GI Aflmb{]Xn\n[nbmbn Nmt°m®s\ ssZhw Xncs™SpØp. C∂sØ Fw.kn.F.bpsS BZyPmX≥ F∂v Nmt°ms\ hntijn∏n°mw.

]p\sscIym\¥chpw _Y\n Nmt°m®≥Xs‚ k`mtkh\w h¿[nX hocytØmSpIqsSXpS¿∂p. Xncph\¥]pcw AXncq]XbpsSImcyÿ\mbn At±lw \SØnb tkh\ßƒAhnkvacWobßfmWv. AXncq]XbpsSssZ\wZn\Imcyßƒ apX¬ ÿmhcPwKahkvXp°fpsS kºmZ\w hsc B tkh\Øns‚Icßƒ \o≠p. \mem ©ndbnse _Y\n °p∂vC∂v At\Iw hnZym`ymk ÿm]\ ßfpwB{iaw, aT ßƒ Chbmepw ae ¶ck`bpsSA`nam\w hnfnt®mXp∂ tI{μambn amdnbncp∂p.Cu ÿew kz¥am°phm≥ ]nXmhns\\n¿_‘n® XpwA\pIqeXocpam\wFSp∏n®Xpw Nmt°m®\msW∂v B{iaØnse _lp.

am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkvawKey kmbqPy ]≤Xn

IpSpw_w ssZhnI-amb kwhn-[m-\-amWv;AXvkm[y-am-°p-∂Xv hnhm-l-sa∂ IqZm-i-bn-eq-sS-

bpw.Poh s≥d XpS¿®bpw hf¿®bpw Xf¿®bpwac-Whpw Hs° kw`-hn-°p∂ hnip-≤-amb _en-th-Zn-bmWv IpSpw-_w.-\n¿[-\-cmb 10 s]Ïp-ń-Iƒ°v hnhm-l-k-lm-b-ambn 1,00,000 cq] hoXw\¬Ip∂ Cu ]≤Xn am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv ]nXm-

hns≥d t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

h\Øn¬ Hcp acØnt∑¬ GdpamSw sIńAXnemWv Cu IpSpw_w t¢i]qcnXambCu ImeL´w Ign™Xv. tPmen°m¿°vHtcm t\chpw `£Whpw a‰pw sh®psImSp°m≥ B h\a≤yØn¬ CX√msX Nmt°m®\v a‰p t]mwhgnIƒ H∂pan√mbncp∂p. XymK ]q¿ÆambCu ka¿∏Whpw tkh\hpw I≠v \m´pIm¿Nmt°m®s‚ ""amt\P¿Nmt°m®≥'' F∂ t]cvH∂v ]cnjvIcn®p. XpS¿∂v""_Y\n Nmt°m®≥'' F∂mWdnbs∏ńcp∂Xv. ]n∂oS vacWwhsc At±ltØmSv B\maw tN¿∂p\n∂p.

_Y\n B{iaÿm]\Øn\ptijwkz¥w IpSpw_tØmSp≈ DØchmZnXzwIptdsb¶nepw \n¿hln°Wsa∂v At±lwB{Kln®p. F∂m¬ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkvXncpta\n At±lsØ Hcp ]pXnb Imcyw G¬∏n°pIbmWp≠mbXv. I≠Øn¬ IpSpw_°mcpsS hIbmbn Xncpaqe]pcØv D≠mbncp∂Hcp s]¨]≈nIpSw ]nXmhv Gs‰ Sp°pIbpwCw•≠n¬ \n∂pw {]Ke`cmb A≤ym]IscsIm≠ph∂v ""_menImaTw'' F∂ t]cn¬ BkvIqƒ ]p\cp≤cn®p. a≤yXncp hnXmwIqdnsekv{Xoim‡oIcW Ncn{XØn¬ Gsd ]¶phln®Cu kvIqfns‚ \SØn∏ns‚ NpaXe Nmt°m®≥kvXpXy¿lambn \n¿hln®p. ]p\sscIym¥cwCu kvIqƒ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv ]nXmhv Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bv°v hn´psImSp°pIbp≠mbXv.

Xnc°n´ k`tkh\Øn\nSbv°v kz¥wIpSpw_tØmSp≈ NpaXe \n¿hln °phm≥Nmt°m®≥ hfsc Zb\obambn ]cmPbs∏´pF∂p≈XmWv kXyw. a°sf D∂X\nebn¬FØn°phm≥ a‰p GXv ]nXmhns\t∏msebpwAt±lhpw B{Kln®p sh¶nepw ho≠pw, ho≠pwk`mtkh\cwKtØ°v At±lsØ k` aS°nhnfn®Xn\m¬ B kz]v\ßƒ H∂pw ]qhWn™n√. Aßs\ ]mXnhgnbn¬ Dt]£n® HcpkwcwàmWv ""IcnaW¬ J\\w''. Cu ASpØImeØv am{Xw cmjv{Sob AgnaXnIfpambntN¿Øph®p am{Xw \mw tIƒ°p∂ IcnaW¬J\\Øns‚ km[yXIƒ ]≠pXt∂ Xncn®dn™v ""{InkvXy≥ C≥Ukv{Snb¬ Iº\n enan‰Uv''Nmt°m®≥ ÿm]n®v sjbdpIƒ hn‰p ape[\w

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]t°mantbmk®≥ F∂pw ]dbpambncp∂p.

Xncph√ cq]X bnse C∂v]pjv]Kncn Ccp∂ ÿewkwc£n®p \SØns°m≠p t]mIp∂Xn¬ Nmt°m®s‚ hnb¿∏v[mcmfw ho Wn´p≠v.AXnsems° D]cnbmbn Nmt°m®s\∂ H‰bm≥ ]´mfwt\cn´v \SØnb kmlknIamb CSs]Sep IfmWv Xncph√`{Zmk\ tZhmebwCcn°p∂ ÿe ØvAs∂mcp tZhmebap≠mIphm\pw AhnsS hnip≤ Ip¿_m\A¿∏n®pXpSßphm\pwCSbmbXv. AXni‡ambFXn¿∏n s\ t\cnSphm≥Xs‚ Bh\mgnbnse Ahkm\ Akv{Xhpw {]tbmKn®vNmt°m®≥ \SØnb kl\kacw êwI≠XpsIm≠mWvC∂v sk‚ v tPm¨kv IØo{U¬tZhmebw AhnsSbp≠mbncn°p∂Xv.Cu kl\kacØn¬ Nmt°m®≥ \SØnbncp∂ ]eNc°v ISbpw a‰pw FXncmfnIƒXosh®p \in∏n®t∏mƒ kz¥w IpSpw_Øns‚BsI bp≈ hcpam\t{kmX pw IØnbacpIbmbncp∂p. Nmt°m®s‚ Cu kl\_en Cs∂mcp]t£ Xncph√mcq]Xbnse Xs∂ F{Xt]¿°dnbmw? F∂m¬ hnkvXmc`bØm¬ AXns‚Ncn{X]camb hniZmwißfnte°v Ct∏mƒIS°p∂n√. k`mip{iqjbn¬ B]mZNqVwBa·\m bncp∂ Nmt°m®\v kz¥w `mcybpsSacWkabØpt]mepw H∏ambncn°phm≥Ign™n√ F∂mWv ZpxJkXyw.

Cs∂mcp]t£ k`m tkh\Øn\v I®sIńbndßp∂ ]ecpw hf sc s]s´∂v henb kmºØnI]ptcmKa\w ssI hcn°p∂ am{¥nIhnZyI≠v k`mkaqlw A¤pX kvX_vZcmIp ∂p≠v.F∂m¬ kz¥w k`mtkh\Øns\mSphn¬InS°mSw t]mepw \jvSs∏´v PohnX kmbm”w

Xncph\¥ ]pcØn \SpØp≈ Hcp hr≤kZ\Øn¬ HSp°nbCu k`mkvt\lnsbC∂v F{Xt]¿°dnbmw?At±lØns‚ a°ƒ{^m≥knkvI≥ {_tZgv

kns‚ HuZmcyw kzoIcn®v A\mYsct∏msehfcm\nSbmb kmlNcysa¥v? ae¶ck`sbhf¿Øm≥ Atlmcm{Xw A≤zm\n® CuAflmbt\Xmhns‚ a°ƒ°v Zmcn{Zyw am{XwssIapXembn e`n®Xv F¥psIm≠v? F¥mbmepw Ahsc ssZhw C∂v kar≤ambn A\p{Kln®vkpÿnXn {]Zm\w sNbvXp. Ahcpw AhcpsS]nXmals‚ Im¬NphSpIsf ]n≥s®∂v C∂pwk`tbmSp Iqd v ]pe¿Øp∂Xv kt¥mjw\¬Ip∂ hkvXpX Xs∂. AwKoImcßfpwÿm\am\ßfpw H´pw B{Kln°msX tkh\wam{Xw e£yam°n k`sb kvt\ln®v ip{iqjsNbvX _Y\n Nmt°m®≥ hwi\miw h∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ \nkzm¿∞cmb k`mip{iqjIfpsSP\p n¬s∏´ A]q¿Δw kph¿Æhy‡nXz ßfn¬ HcmfmWv. ImeØn\pt]mepw adbv°m\mhmsX B hy‡nXzØns‚ {]` C∂pw {]kcn®psImt≠bncn°p∂p.

kn-dn¬ am¿ _tk-en-tbmkvPoh≥ kar≤n

Ah-b-h-Zm\ ]≤Xn Poh≥ ssZh-Zm-\-amWv;Poh≥ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ F¥pwPoh-Im-cpWyw Xs∂. Rm≥ h∂n-cn-°p-∂XvPoh-\p-≠m-Ip-hm-\pw AXv kar≤ambn D≠m-Im\pamWv(-tbm-l.10:10) F∂ hN\w \sΩ

i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.A-h-bh Zm\w,c‡-Zm\w Ch-sbms° alm-Zm-\-sa-∂mWv hmgvØs∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-C-

h-- c≠pw ]W-tØ-°mƒ hne-bp-≈-Xm-sW∂v\mw Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.85mw ]p\-ssc-Iy-hm¿jnI-tØmS-\p-_-‘n®v ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bnse 1 e£w hy‡n-Iƒ Ah-b-h-Zm\ kΩ-X-]-{X-Øn¬ H∏psh®v

._lp.-tI-cfm apJy-a{¥n DΩ≥Nm-≠nsbG¬∏n-°p-∂p.-InUv\n ût≠-j≥ Hm^v C¥y{]kn-U‚ v ^m.-tU-hnUv Nnd-tΩ¬, AXn-cq-]-

Xsb am¿§-\n¿tZiw \¬Inklm-bn- °p-∂p.

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sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 2015

"sFIy-Zo]w' amkn-I-bpsS apJy-]-{Xm-[n-]¿ _lp. h¿Kokv

Nma-°me A®≥ Ccp-taS tPm¿Pv kmdn-s\-°p-dn®v kw£n-]vX-ambHcp Hm¿Ω-°p-dn∏v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Fs¥-gp-X-W-sa-∂m-tem-Nn-°p-tºmƒ Zo]nI Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬ h∂ tPm¿Pv kmdns‚ ac-W-hm¿Ø Hm¿Ω-bn-se-Øn. AhnsS XpSßmw F∂p Icp-Xn.

Pqsse 24-˛mw XobXnbnse Zo]nI Zn\-]{Xw tPm¿Pv kmdns‚acWw dnt∏m¿ v́ sNbvXXv C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ""Kpcp-t{i-jvT≥ hn. tPm¿PvCcp-taS Hm¿Ω-bm-bn. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v A£-c-Zo]w ]I¿∂ A≤ym-]I t{ijvT≥ hn. tPm¿Pv Ccp-taS (89) Hm¿Ω-bm-bn.'' Hm¿Ω-bmbnF∂v ]{Xw dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX tPm¿Pv kmdn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp "Hm¿Ω-°p-dn∏v' Fgp-Xm-\m-Wt√m Ft∂mSv Bh-iy-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.Hm¿Ωbmb kmdn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏v.

"Hm¿Ω' \s√mcp {]tbm-Kw. "Hm¿Ω-°p-dn∏v' \s√mcp ZuXyw.tbip-\m-Ys‚ Hcp hN\w a\- n-te°v X≈n-°-bdn hcp-∂p. ""Fs‚Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXp sNøp -hn≥.'' F¥mWv injy¿°vHm¿Ωbv°mbn \¬Im≥ ssZh-ambh\p km[n-°pI? hkvXp-tem-Ihpw kr„-{]-]-©hpw \iz-c-am-sW∂p ]Tn-∏n-®-h\v Ah-sbm∂pwkvamc-I-ambn \¬Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√-t√m. ]ns∂-sb¥v? Xs‚ D≈pwD≈Xpw \¬Ip-I. Ahn-sS-bmWv apdn-°-s∏´ A∏-ambpw Nn¥-s∏ć‡-ambpw tbip-hns‚ icocw ]Ip-Øp-\¬Ip-I. Hcm-bp v apgp-h\pw F∂√ bpKm¥yw hsc Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂]®-sI-SmØ Hm¿Ω. ""CXv \nßƒ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn sNøp-hn≥.''

Ccp-taS tPm¿Pv km¿ Hm¿Ω-bmbn F∂v Zo]nI dnt∏m¿´vsNbvXXv F{Xtbm icn. ss{IkvX-hs‚ hnfn as‰-¥mWv, Hm¿Ω-bm-Im-\-s√-¶n¬. ssZh-Øn\pw a\p-jy¿°pw ad-°m-\m-hmØ Hm¿Ω.ssZh-Øn-\mbn D≈pw D≈Xpw \¬Inb ip{iq-j-Isc ssZh-Øn\pad-°m-\m-hptam?

tIc-f-Øn-\-IØpw `mc-X-Øn\p shfn-bn-ep-ambn \mev ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Im-esØ A≤ym-]-I\pw {][m-\m-≤ym-]-I-\p-am-bp≈ ip-{iqj.sI.-kn.-F-kv.-F¬. kwÿm\ P\-d¬ sk{I-́ -dn, \ne-bv°¬ FIyp-

^m. sNdn-bm≥ Xmg-a¨No^v FIvkn-Iyq-́ ohv Hmô-

k¿, Zo]nI

Ccp-taS tPm¿Pv km¿ Hm¿Ω-bmbn

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sa-\n-°¬ IΩn‰n {]Ya I¨ho\¿, ]mÃ-d¬Iu¨kn¬ AwKw, A≥]-Xn-e-[nIw h¿jw aX-t_m-[\ A≤ym-]-I≥, k¨tU kvIqƒ slUvamÃ¿, eoPn-b¬ Hm v̂ tacn {]ko-Znbw {]kn-U‚ vXpSßn At\I ip{iq-j-I-fn-eqsS Xs‚ D≈pwD≈Xpw ssZh-a-l-Xz-Øn\pw a\p-jy-\-∑-bv°p-ambnka¿∏n® tPm¿Pv km¿ Adn-bp-∂-h¿s°√mwkPoh Hm¿Ω-b-t√. CXmWv F\n°p Ipdn-°p-hm-\p≈ Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏v.

]mZ-ßƒ IgpIn ]gb ]mX-I-fnse [qfn injy-cpsS ]mZ-ß-fn¬\n∂p \o°n-bn´v ]pXnb hoYn-I-fn-te-°p≈ kzmX{¥yw \¬In-b-h-\mWv ]d-™Xv""Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXp sNøp-hm≥'' F∂v.C-Xp-X-s∂-bt√ tPm¿Pv km¿ Xs‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-an-{Xbpw sNbvXXv AXt√? At\-I-cpsS ]mZ-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]gb hoYn-I-fnse [qfn \o°n-bn´v]pXnb hoYn-bn-te-°p≈ kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-I-bt√ sNbvX-Xv. A≤ym-]\ ip{iq-j-bn-eqsSAt±lw sNbvX-Xv. Kpcp-hns‚ ZuXyw CXp-X-s∂-bt√? ""amdnse Dg-hp-Nm¬ aÆp ad-∂mepw {]k-h-th-Z-\bpw XpS¿∂p≈ B\-μhpw s]Æp ad-∂mepw Rm\m cm{Xnsb hnkva-cn-°n√'' F∂vJeo¬ Pn{_m¬ ]mSn-bXv Kpcp-in-jys‚ ]mZ-ßsf shSn-∏m°n ]pXnb hgn-bn-te°v XpdhnsImSp-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®t√? ""tkhn-°m-\mWv tkhn-°-s∏-Sm-\√ Rm≥ h∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv'' F∂-cp-fnbKpcp-hn-s\-t∏mse At\-I¿°v tkh\w sNbvX-h-\t√ Ccp-taS tPm¿Pv km¿ F∂ Kpcp-t{i-jvT≥.

A≤ym-]-\sØ ssZh-\n-tbm-Khpw Cuizc-tk-h-bp-am-bn-´m-W-t±lw I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. AXv t{ijvT-X-tbmsS \n¿h-ln-°-W-sa∂v At±-l-Øn\v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p. k`-bpsS hnZym-`ymk Z¿i\w Bg-Øn¬ At±lw Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Ipń-I-fpsSkºq¿Æ-amb hnI-k-\-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚e£yw. AXp-sIm-≠m-W-t±lw ]mTy-hn-j-b-ßƒ°p ]pdsa ]mtTy-Xc hnj-b-ßfpw kvIqfn¬\n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. imkv{X-hn-j-b-ß-ƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mgpw hnZym¿∞n-Isf aqey-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cmbn cq]o-I-cn-°m≥At±lw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn At\I injy¿km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ ac-W-hm¿Ø dnt∏m¿´p sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xnse as‰mcp hmNIw C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.""k`m-km-ap-Zm-bnI cw-K-ß-fn¬ A¿∏n® ip{iq-j-Isf am\n®v ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en°m k -̀

bpsS ]cn-ip≤ kp∂-l-tZmkv"_m¿ CutØm Imiotdm'(k-`-bpsS D’m-ln-bmb]p{X≥) F∂ ]Zhn\¬In BZ-cn-®n-cp-∂p.AwKo-Ic ]Zhn \¬Ip-hm-\p-≈-h-cpsS ]ńI

Xøm-dm-°m≥ Hcp-sº-´-t∏mƒ Ccp-taS tPm¿Pvkmdns‚ t]cmWv BZy-ambn IS-∂p-h-∂-Xv F∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ k`m-]-c-amb tkh-\-ßsf k`m-a-°ƒ F{X-am{Xw AwKo-I-cn-®m-Z-cn-®n-cp∂p F∂v hy-‡w.

CS-h-I-tbmSpw cq]-X-tbmSpw tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw Gsd {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. At¥ym-Iym-bnse hnip≤ C·m-Øn-tbm-kns‚ {]kn-≤-amb hmIyw "k`-tbm-sSmØv Nn¥n-°pI' tPm¿Pvkmdn-s‚bpw PohnX ho£-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iuam-c-{]m-b-Øn¬ kXy-k-`sb Xncn-®-dn™v ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´Xp apX¬ k`-tbm-sSmØp am{Xw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂pAt±-lw. hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ am{X-a√ HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-Ønepw kphn-tij aqey-ßfpw kXy-k-`m-]-T-\-ßfpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ]I¿∂p\¬Ip-hm\pw At±lw Xo£vW-X-tbmsS {ian-®n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ [m¿ΩnI aqey-ßƒ]I¿∂p \¬Ip-hm≥ am{X-a√ kphn-ti-j-Øn-\p-th≠n Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ipń-I-fn¬ B`n-ap-Jy-ap-f-hm-°p-hm\pw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂pwB`n-ap-Jy-apƒs°m≠v At\-I¿ sshZn-I-Po-hn-Xhpw ka¿∏W Pohn-Xhpw kzoI-cn®v \mSn\v \∑-bmbn amdn F∂-Xn\v \mw km£n-I-ft√? At±-l-Øns‚ injy-cn¬ A©v t]¿; bmt°m_v am¿

{io tafmw-]-d-ºn¬ DΩ-®≥ ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n ItØmen°m k`bpsS{]tXy-In®v,Xn-cp-h√ AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS Ncn{Xw]Tn-°p-∂h¿°v hnkva-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°mØhy‡n-bmWv {io tafmw-]-d-ºn¬ DΩ-®≥. 1885G{]n¬ amkw 24˛mw XobXn Imhpw-`mKwsImßfØv h¿Kokv ]p∂q-kns‚bpw Ip™q-™-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI-\mbn P\\w. ]T-\-tijw_nkn-\kv Imcy-ß-fn¬ hymhrX\m-bn. k`-mkvt\lhpw `‡nbpw At±-lsØ k`-bpsS[oc-\mb t\Xm-hm-°n-Øo¿Øp. am¿ Cuhm\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hp-ambn \√ kvt\lw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. k`m-N¿®-I-ƒ°v Ccp-hcpw kabwNne-h-gn-®n-cp-∂p. ]nXm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬D®s‚ kmºØnIamb klmbw HØncn-tbsd klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. ]p\-sscIy kw`-h-Zn-\-Øn¬ sIm√tØ°v t]mIp-hm≥ hml\wsImSpØp-hn-´Xpw tafmw-]-d-ºn¬ DΩ-®-\m-bn--cp∂p. ]p\-sscIy tijhpw Cu IpSpw_w cq]-Xsb klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v.1953 ¬ ]uckvXy Xncp-kw-L-Øns‚ Xe-h≥ I¿≤n-\mƒ Snk-dm≠v]nXm-hn\v Xs‚ `h-\-Øn¬ kzoI-cWwsImSp°m\pw At±-l-Øn\p km[n-®p.1960Unkw-º¿ 9 \v As±lw Cl-tem-I-hmkwshSn-™p.

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sFtd-\n-tbm-kv, k°-dn-bmkv am¿sXtbm-̂ n-tem-kv, F{_lmw am¿ bqen-tbm-kv, Bbq_v am¿ kn¬hm-t\m-kv,bql-t\m≥ am¿ {Intkm-tÃm-tamkvF∂n-h¿ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo -Ø-am-cmbnk`sb \bn-°p∂p F∂-dn-bp-tºmƒAt±-l-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS BZcw iX-Kp-Wo-`-hn-°p-∂p.

]cn-ip≤ ItØm-en°m k`-bmWvtbip-hns‚ k`-bpsS ]q¿ÆX F∂-t±lw hy‡-ambn Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂p.Cu kXyw i‡-ambn At±lw Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwsNbvXn-cp-∂p. Cu kXyw kI-ecpwXncn-®-dn-b-W-sa-∂-t±lw B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂-t∏mgpw hyXykvX hnizm-khpwBNm-chpw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-hsc ]gn-°p-hmt\m CI-gvØp-hmt\m At±lw Hcn-°epw Xp\n-™n-´n-√. kI-e-tcmSpwkulm¿±w ]pe¿Øp-hm≥ At±lw {ian-®n-cp-∂p.FIyp-sa-\n-k-Øn-s‚bpw aX-ku-lm¿±-X-bp-sSbpwamXr-I-bmbncp∂p At±-lw.

henb hnizm-k-Zr-V-X-bp-sSbpw ss{IkvXh{]Xym-i-bp-sSbpw a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.]oU-\tam ]´n-Wntbm hmtfm A]-I-Stam H∂pw]utem -kns\ tbip -hn -t\m -Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬\n∂pw ]n∑m-‰m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂n√F∂v, hnip≤ ]utemkv «olm km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-t]mse tPm¿Pv kmdn-s\-°p-dn®pw Dd-∏mbn]d-bm≥ km[n-°pw. Cu temI-Øn-ep≈ bmsXm-∂n\pw At±-lsØ ssZh-Øn-ep≈ ic-W-Øn¬\n∂pw AI-‰p-hm≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.At±-l-Øns‚ aI≥ _m_p k°-dnb tPm¿Pns‚AIm-e-a-c-W-Øns‚ kμ¿ -̀Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ss{IkvXh {]Xym-i-bp-sS Bgw t\cn´p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ F\n°v km[n-®n-cp-∂p. F¥p kw`-hn-®mepw AsX√mw ssZh-\m-a-a-l-Xz-Øn\pw \∑-bv°p-sa-∂-t±lw Dd-®p-hn-iz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂pw F¥n-s\-°p-dn-s®-¶n-ep-samcp ]cm-Xntbm, Bsc-°p-dn-s®-¶n-ep-samcp ]cn-`-htamtIƒ°p-hm-\n-S-bm-bn-´p-an-√. A∏-kvtXme {]ap-J-cmb hn. ]t{Xm-kn-s\bpw hn. ]utem-kn-s\bpwt]mse kphn-ti-j-aq-ey-ß-fn¬ Bg-s∏´ Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p tPm¿Pv kmdn-t‚-Xpw. Hcp-]t£ 1926Pq¨ 29 \v hn. ]t{Xmkv ]utemkv «ol∑mcpsSXncp-\mƒ Znhkw P\n® tPm¿Pv kmdn\v B hnip-≤-cpsS hnizm-k-Zr-V-Xbpw kphn-tij Xo£vW-Xbpw e`n-®Xv B hnip-≤-cpsS a≤y-ÿ-am-bn-cn-°mw.

]cn-ip≤ AΩ-bpsS XnI™ `‡-\m-bn-cp∂pAt±-lw. eoPn-b≥ Hm^v tacn kwL-S-\-bn-eqsSacnb `‡n-bn¬ Nn´-bmbn hf-cp-hm\pw ]cn-ip≤

AΩ-tbm-sSmØv Pohn-°p-hm\pw At±lw hf-sc-b-[nIw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.

]utcm-ln-Xy-tØm-Sp≈ BZ-chpw ]ptcm-ln-X-tcm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\hpw At±-l-Øns‚ c‡-Øn¬Aen-™p-tN¿∂n-cp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂n-t∏m-Ipw.sshZn-I-tcmSv A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ Xpd-∂p-]-d-bp-tºmgpwBZ-c-hn\pw _lp-am-\-Øn\pw Aev]w-t]mepwIpdhp hcm-Xn-cn-°m≥ At±lw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. a°-sfbpw sIm®p-a -°-sfbpw sNdp -a -°-sfbpwAßs\ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°m\pw At±lw ]cn-{i-an-®n-cp-∂p.

bYm¿∞ al-Xz-Øns‚ sImSn AS-bm-f-ambPohnXemfn-Xyhpw D∂-X-Nn-¥bpw At±-l-Øns‚hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ {it≤-b-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. B¿`mS Pohn-Xhpw D]-t`m-KkwkvIm-chpw At±-lsØ sX√pw Xo≠n-bn-√. ""Hcm-flm-hns‚ B¥-cnI kº-∂X F{X A[n-I-amtWmAX-\p-k-cn®v _mlym-e-¶m-c-ßfpw kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Akm-[m-cWm`n-ap-Jyhpw B¥-cnI\·-X-bpsS sXfn-hm-sW∂v'' _nj∏v ̂ pƒ´≥ sP.^n\ns‚ Nn¥ tPm¿Pv km¿ \∂mbn Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂p.

ip{ -̀h-kv{X-[m-cn-bmbn am{Xsa Rm\-t±-lsØI≠n-´p-≈q. efn-X-ambn ]cp-Øn-h-kv{Xw. hne-Iq-Sn-bXpw h¿Wm-`-hp-amb hkv{X-ßƒ e`n-°m≥km≤y-X-bn-√m-™n-´-√, Ah Xs‚ PohnXho£-W-Øn\v tbmPn-°p-∂-Xs√∂v At±lw Xncn-®-dn -™-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv . Hcp -hs‚B¿`mSw as‰m -cp -

bYm¿∞ al-Xz-Øns‚ sImSn AS-bm-f-ambPohnXemfn-Xyhpw D∂-X-Nn-¥bpw At±-l-Øns‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ {it≤-b-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. B¿`mS Pohn-Xhpw D]-t`m-KkwkvIm-chpw At±-lsØ sX√pw Xo≠n-bn-√. ""Hcm-flm-hns‚ B¥-cnI kº-∂X F{XA[n-I-amtWm AX-\p-k-cn®v _mlym-e-¶m-c-ßfpw kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Akm-[m-cWm`n-ap-Jyhpw B¥-cnI \·-X-bpsS sXfn-hm-sW∂v '' _nj∏v ^pƒ´≥ sP. ^n\ns‚ Nn¥tPm¿Pv km¿ \∂mbn Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂p.

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am¿ Cuhm\n-tbmkv ]nXmhpw amtc´vPUvPnbpw kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ Bbn-cp∂p F∂XvNcn-{X-k-Xy-amWv. a{Zmkv {InkvXy≥ tImf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºm-gmWv Cu kulrZw hf-cp-∂-Xv. 1879 HIvtSm_¿ 15 \v I√p-∏m-d-bn¬AhncmbpsSbpw kmdm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI-\mbnP\\w. a{Zm-knse temt°m-f-Pn¬ \n∂v \nb-a-_n-cpZw t\Sn, Be-∏p-g,-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,-\m-K¿tIm -hn¬ F∂n -S -ß-fn¬ tkh\wsNbvXp. kXy-k-k‘\mb Hcp \ymbm-[n-]≥ F∂ {]ikvXn At± -lsØhyXykvX\m-°n. k`-tbmSp≈ Xo£-W-Xbpw kvt\lhpw At±-l-Øn¬ iIvXam-bn-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb h´n-]-W-t°-kn¬sa{Xm≥ I£n-bpsS {]apJ A`n-`m-j-I≥Bbn-cp∂p At±-lw. _Y\n {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ klm-b-hp-ambn am¿Cuhm\n-tbmkv ]nXm-hns‚ IqsS \n∂pF∂Xv ad-°m-\m-hmØ Ncn-{X-k-Xy-am-Wv.hmb-\bpsS Bg-a-dn™ PUvPn, ItØm-en°m k -̀bn-te°v BIrjvS\m-bn. Aßs\1931 G{]n¬ 19˛mw XobXn At±-lhpwIpSpw_hpw ]p\--ssc-Iy-s∏´p. ]p\-sscIy{]ÿm-\-Øn-\p-th≠n ]Whpw ka-bhpwNne-h-gn® At±lw Nne {KŸ-ßfpw cNn-®n-´p -≠v. 1961 Unkw-º¿ 21˛mw XobXnAt±lw Cltem-I-hmkw shSn-™p.

amtc´v PUvPn

a√-∏≈n: am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv tImfPv t^m¿ AUzm≥kvUv ÃUo-kns‚ (an-Iv^m-Ãv) A≤y-b-\-h¿jw, sk‚ v tPmk^vkv sFSnsF HmUn-t‰m-dn-b-Øn¬ \S∂ NS-ßn¬ Xncp-h√m AXn-cq-]-Xm-≤y-£≥ tXmakv am¿ Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm DZvLm-S\w \n¿Δ-ln-®p. AXn-cq-]Xm hnImcn P\-dmƒ tam¨. B‚Wn sNØn-∏pg A≤y-£X hln® tbmK-Øn¬ a√-∏≈n ]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚ v{ioaXn tacn tXma-kv, Ub-d-IvS¿ ^m. tUm. sFkIv ]d-∏-≈n¬, {]n≥kn-∏¬ s{]m^. G{_lmwtPm¿÷v, s{]m^. tP°_v Fw. G{_lmw F∂n-h¿ {]kw-Kn-®p. s{]m^. ]n.-kn. A\n-b≥Ip™vhnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°p-ambn Hmdn-b-t‚-j≥ ¢m v \bn-®p.

anIv^mÃv tImf-Pns‚ {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-̀ n®p

hs\ Zcn-{Z-\m-°p-sa-∂-t±lw Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂p.

Kpcp-°-∑m-scbpw BNm-cy-∑m-scbpsams°"A\p-kva-cn-°pI' F∂p ]d-™m¬ Ah-cpsS ]T-\-ßfpw Z¿i-\-ßfpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]I¿Øp-I,]pe¿Øp-I, {]N-cn-∏n-°pI F∂p-Iq--Sn-bm-Wv.AXn\n BcpsS ISa? \ΩpsS ISa. ""Ah-cpsSPohn-X-N-cy-bpsS ̂ ew I-W-°n-se-SpØv Ah-cpsShnizmkw A\p-I-cn-°p-hn≥'' (sl-{_m. 13:7).

B¿°pw A\p-I-cn-°m-hp∂, BcpsS apºnepwA\p-I-c-Wm¿l-ambn Xpd-∂p-Im-́ m-hp∂ Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p tPm¿Pv kmdn-t‚-Xv. ""... Fs∂ ip{iq-jn-°p-∂-hs\ ]nXmhv _lp-am-\n-°pw'' (tbm-l.12:26). PohnX-Øn-ep-S-\ofw tbip-hn\p ip{iq-j-sNbvX tPm¿Pv kmdns\ kz¿K-]n-Xmhv \nXy-X-bn¬ al-Xz-Øns‚ {]` \¬In _lp-am-\n°pwF∂Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmgpw ac-Wm-\-¥c I¿Ω-ß-fnepw k`bpw kaq-lhpw At±-l-Øn\p \¬Inb kvt\lhpw _lp-am-\hpw BZ-chpw F{Xtbm hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhw _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-hs\ P\hpw _lp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

sshtem-∏n≈n Ihn-X-bnse Hcp Cuc-Sn-tbm-Sp-IqSn kam-]n-∏n-°-s´.

""\nßsf kºm-Zn®pIme-sa≥ssIøpw Imepw

Nß-e-bv°n-́ m-se¥v?\nß-fn¬ Rm≥ Pohn-∏q.''

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kXysØ tXSpI a\p-jy-lr-

Z-b-Øns‚ DXv°-S-amb A`n-hm-RvO-bm-Wv; AS-°m-\m-hmØB{K-l-amWv. hkvXp -X -I -fn¬\n∂p kXyw Is≠-ØpIF∂v Nn¥-I-\mb At‚m -Wntbm {Kmwjn ]d™p. Is≠-Ønb kXysØ ]pW-cp-tºmƒAXv B\-μ-\n¿hrXn t\Sp-∂p.]nXr-kzØpw hmßn Zqsc \K-c-Øn-te°v AI-∂p-t]mb aI≥`h-\-Øn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-t∏mƒBizmkw A\p-̀ -hn-®p. ]ncn-™p-t]mb Ah≥ IpSpw-_-Øn-te°vXncn-®p-h-∂-t∏mƒ kam-[m\wIs≠-Øn. Hcp hn[-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ alm-\mb am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n°pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°pw ssIh∂ A\p-`hwAXm-bn-cp-∂p. ̀ n∂n-∏n-s‚bpw X-I¿®-bp-sSbpw Xn‡-^-e-ßƒcpNn-®-dn™ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv]nXmhv Nn¥n-®p, {]m¿∞n-®p,Xocp-am-\n-®p ˛ IpSpw-_-tØmSvsFIy-s∏-Sp-hm≥, amXr-k-`sbBenw-K\w sNøp-hm≥.

Xs‚ B{i-ahpw kzØp-°fpw Dt]-£n®v Cd-ßn-Øncn®B alm-\p-`m-h\v shÆn-°pfwA`-b-a-cp-fn. AwKp-eo-]-cn-an-X-amb A\p-bm-bn-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn XpS-°-an´ shÆn-°pfw CShI Ah-fpsS Bbn-c-tØmfw a°-fp-ambnC∂v B\-μm-{ip-°ƒ s]mgn-°p-Ibm-Wv. kss`-Iy-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I\pw kap-≤m-c-I-\p-ambncp∂am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-

\n°v shÆn-°pfw Hcp Bim-tI-{μhpw A -̀b-ÿm-\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.ItØm-en°m k`-bp-ambn ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºpXs∂A`n-hμy Xncp-ta\n shÆn-°p-fØv {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. 1930BKÃv amkw 10-˛mw XobXn am¿

Cuhm -\n -tbmkv Xncp -ta\nshÆn-°p -fØv amcp -tØm-´ -Øn¬ taS-bn¬ ]m∏n-®\v 5 cq]hne-bp≈ 3 ap{Z-∏-{X-ß-fp-ambns]cp-\m-´n¬ _Y\n ae-bn¬sN∂p. Cu ap{Z-∏-{X-ß-fn-embn_Y-\n -bpsS kIe kzØp-

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®≥, Ip¥-d-bn¬ sIm®p Nmt°m F∂n-hscItØm-en°m k -̀tbmSp tN¿Ø-tXm-Sp-IqSn shÆn-°pfw CS-hI _oPm-hm]w sNbvXp. shÆn-°pfwCS-h-I-bpsS BZy hnImcn _lp. G{_lmw H.-sF.-kn. Bbn-cp-∂p. B ImeØv Ipsd Znh-k-tØ°v taS-bn¬ ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬h®v kphn-tij{]kw-K-tbm-K-ßƒ \S-Øn. X∑qew Iptd-t∏¿ k -̀bn-te°v h∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw AXn-cq-]-XbpwXncp-h√ cq]-Xbpw ÿm]n-X-am-b-tXmsS _Y\nsshZn-I¿ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-tØ°pw Xncp-h-√-bn-te°pw Xmakw am‰n-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂v _lp.Ipcym-t°mkv _n.-Un. A®s\ A`n-hμy Xntbm-^n-temkv Xncp-ta\n shÆn-°pfw hnIm-cn-bmbn\nb-an-®p.taaebn¬\n∂pw Nm∏¬ shÆn-°pfw`mK-tØ°v am‰n ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-t\-∏‰n kPo-h-ambn Nn¥n-®p. F∂m¬ ÿe-]cn-anXn henb XS- -am-bn. AXn-\m¬ Ipf-°p-Sn-bn¬ sIm®q´n Xs‚hI ISp-°mw-Ipgn `mK-Øp≈ ÿeØv (C-t∏m-gsØ ]n.U_yq. -Un. sk£≥ Hm^o-kn\vFXn¿h-iØv) Nm∏¬ hbv°p-hm≥ A\p-hmZw\¬In. shÆn°pfw Nm∏-ens‚ IqZmibv°ptijw GXm≠p c≠p amk-Øn -\p -tijw_Y\nae Nm∏¬ s]mfn-®p-am‰n. Xncp-ta\n{]kvXpX ÿew hn¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬C∂pw B ÿew doØp-]-dºv F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

ItØm-en°m k`bp-ambn ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw B Xo¿∞m-S\bm{X-bpsS CS-bn¬ hn{i-ahpw Xma-khpw Hs° Hcp°n sImSpØ shÆn-°pfw F∂ {]tZiw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p-∂p. ae-¶-c-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ kq£n®vF∂pw Cu CS-hI "ae-bn¬ Db¿Ø-s∏´ ]´-Ww-t]mse' tim`n-°-s´.

sI.kn._n.-kn.-bpsS 2015 se aXm-≤m-]I Ahm¿Uv kotdmae-¶-c-k-`-bnse ]Ø-\w-Xn´ cq]X Ipºg CS-h-ImwKwimapth¬ ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ sI.-kn.-_n.-kn.-{]-kn-Us‚ v I¿±n-\mƒ _tkentbmk ¢oankv ImtXm-en-°m-_m-h-bn¬\n∂vG‰p-hm-ßp∂p

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°fpw A`n-hμy Xncp-ta\n _Y-\n-°m¿°mbn Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-Øp. AXn-\ptijamWv Xncp-ta-\nbpwXncp-ta-\nsb A\p-K-an® _Y\n k`mw-K-ßfpwap≠≥a-e-bn¬\n∂pw hnS-hm-ßn-b-Xv.

Aßs\ Imjmb hkv{X-[m-cn-I-fmb Ccp-]-Xn¬∏cw k∂ym-kn-Iƒ Hmtcm ̀ mfihpw ssIbn-te¥n ap≠≥a-e-bpsS apI-fn¬\n∂pw hcn-h-cn-bmbn Xmtg-°n-d-ßnb B ImgvN Hcp Xo¿∞m-S-\-Øns‚ {]Xo-Xn-bmWv t{]£-I-cn¬ Df-hm-°n-b-Xv. AsX, AsXmcp Xo¿∞m-S\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CuPn-]vXn¬\n∂pw I\m≥tZ-i-tØ°v, acp-`q-an-bn¬\n∂pw im-Zz-e-tZ-i-tØ-°v, hnπ-h-Np-gn-bn¬\n∂pw kam-[m-\-Øns‚ Xpd-ap-J-tØ°v,bmt°m-_mb k`-bn¬\n∂pw ItØm-en°m k`-bn-te-°v. am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSt\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]pd-s∏´ {InkvXp-hns‚ hoc-`-S-∑m-cpsS Xo¿∞-bm{XmkwLw shÆn-°p-fØv taS-bn¬ ]m∏n-®s‚ hk-Xn-bn-se-Øn-t®¿∂p. kz¥-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Nn√d km[-\-ßƒ taS-bn¬kq£n-®-Xn-\p-tijw Ah¿ F√m-hcpw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kz¥w amt\-Pvsa‚n¬D≠m-bn-cp∂ sh≈md taae kvIqfn¬ sN∂p Xma-kn-®p. Xmak kuIcywC√msXhcn-I-bm¬ a‰pXmakkuIcyw Xo¿t°≠nh∂p. XXv^-e-ambnIm™n-c-Øp-¶¬ {io. sI. kn. Ipcys‚ Hcp hoSvA`n-hμy Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Xma-k-Øn-\mbn hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. B hoSn\p kao-]-Ømbn am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂_Y\n ]≈n-bn¬ Znhy-_en A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈kuI-cyhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A`n-hμy am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ am¿Xntbm-̂ n-temkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw _lp. tPmW-®\pwskdm-^n-tbm≥ siΩm-i\pw Info-teØv Nmt°m-®\pw sIm√-Øp-t]mbn _≥knK¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apºmsI kXy-{]-Xn⁄sNbvXp. 1936 sk]vXw-_¿ 20-̨ mw XobXnItØm-en°m k`-bp-ambn ]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´p. 21-˛mw XobXn hμy Xncp-ta\nam¿Xncp-aq-e-]p-c-sØØn hμy tN∏m v́ dºm-®-s\bpw ]pen-t°m´v hmh-®-s\bpw_Y\n k\ym-kn\o kaq-l-sØbpw]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-Sp-Øn.

sh-Æn-°p-f-Øn\v A`n-am-\n-°m-hp∂sk‚ v tXmakv ItØm-en°m CS-h-I-bpsS B-cw`w Ipdn-®Xv 1930 sk]vXw-_¿ 23-˛mw XobXnbmWv. A∂v taae

k vI qf n¬h® vhμy Xncp -ta\nam¿ amcp-tØm-´-Øn¬t a S - b n ¬C u ∏ - ® ≥aI≥ ]m -∏n -

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"amXm ]nXm Kpcp ssZhw' B¿j-`m-c-X-Øns‚ kwkvIm-chpw

kwkvIr-Xnbpw Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ \na-{¥Ww. aq∂c ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Imew Htc Iem-e-b-Øn¬ Xs‚ injy-K-W-Øn\v amXmhpw]nXmhpw ktlm-Z-c\pw kplr-Øp-sam-s°-bmbn, PohnX hoYn-I-fn¬ sXfn-a-bm¿∂ hgn-Im-´n-bm-bn, Xm≥ Gs‰-SpØ I¿Ω-a-fi-esØ t{]mPz-e-am-°nb s{]m^. tP°_v Fw. F{_lmw 33h¿jsØ A≤ym-]\ Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw 2015 sabv amkw 31 \vhnc-an-®p.

Kpcp -h -cy≥ F∂ t{ijvT -amb ÿm\sØ D÷z-e -am -°nbtXmsSm∏w kaq-l-Øns‚ \m\m-Xp-d-I-fn¬ hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n® tP°_v km¿ F∂ Pbnw-kvIp-´n-®m-bs‚ I¿Ω-\n-c-X-ambPohn-X-Øn-te°v Hcp Xncn-™p-t\m´w \S-Øp-hm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

ae-¶c k`-bnse Bflob ssNX-\y-ß-fmb ae-¶c k`m-`m-kp-c≥ h -́t»-cn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw \thm-∞m\\mb-I≥ B¿®p-_n-j∏v _\-UnŒv am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw ̀ mcX ss{IkvX-h-k-̀ -bpsS A`n-am-\-amb I¿±n-\mƒ _tk-en-tbmkv ¢nΩokv ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bp-sSbpw P∑wsIm≠v]pWy-am-°-s∏´ Im¿jnI {Kma-amb a√-∏≈n ̨ sNß-cq-cnse ]pcm-X\ IpSpw-_-amb ap≠-πm-°¬ tP°_v I»o-im-bp-sS ]p{X-\mb

FPn ]md-∏m´v

aq∂c ]Xn-‰m-≠ns‚ injy-k-º-Øp-ambn

s{]m^. tP°_v Fw. G{_lmw

tdman¬ h®v HIvtSm-_¿amkw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂

IpSpw-_-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈Akm-[m-cW kn\-Kn-te°v

Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´_lp. s{]m^. tP°_vFw. G{_lmw kmdn\v

AXn-cq-]-X-bpsSBiw-k-Iƒ

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Fw. sP. G{_lmw ̨ adn-bmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS ]p{X-\mbn 1959- ¬ P\n-®p. Bflob \nb-{¥-W-ßƒ_meyw apX¬ tIƒ°p-Ibpw A`y-kn-°p-IbpwsNbvX At±lw ssIh-bv°mØ taJ-e-Iƒ hnc-f-am-Wv. cm{„o-bhpw aXhpw XΩn-ep≈ sshcp-≤y-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v XS- -am-bn-cp-∂n-√ F∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv.{]mY-anI hn-Zym-`ymkw Ip∂-¥m\w Kh¨sa‚ vF¬.-]n. kvIqfnepw sslkvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkwXncp-h√ Fw.-Pn.Fw. kvIqfnepw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n.Nß-\m-ticn Fkv.-_n. tImf-Pn¬\n∂pw sImta-gvkn¬ _ncpZw Ic-ÿ-am-°n. A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ sISmsX kq£n® Bflob \mf -Øn¬\n∂v B¿÷n-s®-SpØ kmaq-lnI Ah-t_m[w At±-lsØ cm{„o-b-cw-KØpw DPz-e-\m-°n. Fkv.-_n. tImf-Pnse ]T-\-Im-eØv sI.-F-kv.-kn. F∂ hnZym¿∞n {]ÿm-\-tØm-Sp-tN¿∂v{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw cm-{„o-b-cw-KsØ tim`-\-ambapt∂-‰-Øn\v \mμn Ipdn-°p-Ibpw sNbv-Xp.XpS¿∂v Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkvtImf-Pn¬\n∂v _ncp-Zm-\-¥c _ncp-Zhpw Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tem tImf-Pn¬\n∂v \nb-a-_n-cp-Zhpwt\Sn. am≤y-a-{]-h¿Ø-\-cwKw s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn\vGsd KpW-I-c -amIpw F∂v a\- n-em-°nbAt±lw Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw {]kv ¢_ns‚ tP¿W-enkw Untπm-abpw Ic-ÿ-am-°n.

hnZym¿∞n cm{„o-b-Øns‚ BZ¿ihpw B¿÷-hhpw Dƒs°m≠ At±lw ae-¶c kpdn-bm\nItØm-en° k -̀bnse bph-P-\-{]-ÿm-\-amb Fw.-kn.-ssh.-Fw.s‚ kPo-h-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw sNß-cq¿bqWn‰v {]kn-U‚,v a√-∏≈n taJe {]kn-U‚ v,Xncp-h√ cq]X {]kn-U‚ v F∂o \ne-I-fn¬h¿tÆm-Pz-e-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Np°m≥]n-Sn® bph-P\ t\Xmhpw Bbn-cp-∂p. ss{IkvXhbph-P\ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ [m¿Ωn-IX Dƒs°m≠vcm{„ob bph-P\ {]ÿm-\-Ønepw {]h¿Øn-®p.1978 ¬ cq]o-Ir-X-amb tIcf ItØm-en° bph-P\{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ sshkv {]kn-U‚mbpw ae-¶c ItØm-en° k -̀bn¬\n-∂p≈ BZysØ sI.-kn.-ssh.-Fw. {]kn-U‚mbpw tim`n-®p.

1985 ¬ ]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhv tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ tdman¬ hnfn®ptN¿Ø A¥¿tZ-iob bph-P-\-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ tIc-fsØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-®p. temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb bph-P\kwL-S-\-bmb PqWn-b¿ tNw_¿ C‚¿\m-j-W-en¬ Zo¿L-Imew {]h¿Øn® At±lw a√-∏≈n

tPkokv {]kn-U‚ v, tIc-f tÃ‰v sshkv {]kn-U‚ v XpS-ßnb \ne-I-fn¬ {]i-kvX-\m-bn. 1996¬ ae-¶c ImØ-enIvAtkm-kn-tb-js‚ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-

amb ]¶p-h-ln® tP°_v km¿ Fw.-kn.-F. Xncp-h√ AXn-cq-]X {]kn-U‚ v, A¥¿tZ-iob {]kn-U‚ v F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®p. tI-c-f-Ønse eØo≥, kotdm ae-¶-c, kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-I-fpsS Aevamb {]-ÿm-\-ß-fpsSkwÿm-\-Xe kwL-S-\-bmb tIcf ImØ-enIvs^U-td-j≥ kwÿm\ {]kn-U‚mbn At±lw\¬Inb t\XrXzw Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.

1982 ¬ Nß-\m-ticn Fkv.-_n. tImf-Pn¬sImtagvkv hn`m-K-Øn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn HutZym-KnI PohnXw Bcw-`n® At±lw 1983 apX¬ Xpcp-Øn-°mSv _nj]v G{_lmw satΩm-dn-b¬ (BAM)tImf-Pn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw Ct∏mƒ sImtagvkv hn`mKw ta[m-hn-bmbn hnc-an-®n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. Aevamb bph-P\{]ÿm-\-ß-fneqsS t\Sn-sb-SpØ [m¿ΩoI-aq-ey-ßfpw cm{„o-b-cw-KØp \n∂v t\Sn-sb-SpØ t\Xr-]m-S-hhpw a\p-jym-∑p-J-Xbpw At±-lsØ s]mXp-k-aq-l-hpambn _‘n-∏n®p \n¿Øp-∂p. A≤ym-]-I-hr-Øn-tbmSv Id-I-f™ A¿∏-W-a-t\m-`m-hhpw\oXn-t_m-[hpw ]pe¿Ønb PbnwkvIp´n-®m-bs‚Pohn-X-Ønse G‰hpw henb kºØv Xs‚injy-K-W-ß-fm-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnhn[ L -́ß-fn¬ t\Sn-sb-SpØ _‘-ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xnepw AXnse ]hn-{XX Aaq-ey-ambn kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xnepw At±lw _≤-{i-≤-\m-Wv. tP°_vkmdns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Xs‚ ̀ h-\-Øn\pXpeyw At±lw lrZ-b-Øn¬ kq£n-°p∂ ÿe-amWv Xpcp-Øn-°mSv tImfPv. Hcp {Kma-Øns‚F√m ]hn-{X-Xbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Cu Iem-e-b-Øns‚ Db¿®-bv°p-XIp∂ hnhn[ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v kPo-h-amb t\XrXzw \¬Inb km¿\mj-W¬ k¿hokv kvIow t{]m{Kmw tIm -̨Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿, Ãm^v tIm˛-Hm-∏-td-‰ohv skmssk‰nÿm]I sk{I-´-dn, alm-flm-Km‘n bqWn-th-gvkn‰n ]n.-Pn. t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokv AwKw,tImfPv kph¿Æ-Pq-_nen BtLm-j-I-Ωn‰nI¨ho-\¿ F∂o \ne-I-fnepw {]h¿Øn-®p.A≤ym-]\ Pohn-X-tØm-sSm∏w kwip-≤-ambcm{„o-b-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ DS-a-Iq-Sn-bmWv At±-lw.kaq-l-Øns‚ kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw Agn-aXnAc-ßp-X-I¿°p∂ ImenIXbpsS ap≥]n¬tP°_v kmd-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ cm{„o-b-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ kaq-l-Øn\v amXr-I-bm-Wv.

Gs‰-SpØ I¿Ω-a-fi-e-ß-fn-se√mw Xs‚hy‡n-{]-`m-h-Øns‚ {]Imiw ]c-Ønb At±lwIS-∂p-sN-√mØ taJ-e-I-fn-√. a√-∏≈n Xmeq°vsse{_dn Iu¨kn¬ AwKw, sNß-cq¿ k¿Δokvkl-I-c-W-_m¶v Ub-d-Œ¿ t_m¿Uv AwKw, Ip∂-¥m\w {Kma-]-©m-bØv saº¿, a√-∏≈n tªm°v]©m-bØv AwKw F∂o \ne-I-fnse {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS Hcp {Kma-Øns‚ kv]μ\w sXm´-dn™a\p-jy-kvt\-ln-bm-W-t±-lw. cm{„o-b-cw-KØv

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C∂pw kPo-h-km-∂n-≤y-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂tP°_v km¿ tIcf tIm¨{Kkv ]m¿ń-bpsS Ip∂-¥m\w afiew {]kn-U‚ v, I√q-∏md \ntbm-PIafiew sk{I-´-dn, ]Ø\wXn´ Pn√m sk{I-´dnF∂o \ne-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn®v Ct∏mƒ ]m¿ń-bpsSkwÿm\ sk{I-´-dn-tb‰v AwK-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. C‰-en, bp.-F.-C., Ipssh-‰v, JØ¿, C{km-tb¬,CuPn-]vXv, tPm¿±m≥ F∂o cmPy-ßƒ kμ¿in®At±-l-Øns‚ PohnXw ssZhm-\p-{Klw \nd-™-Xm-Wv. tIcf k¿°m¿ 1996 ¬ \S-∏n-em-°nb P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW ]≤-Xn-bpsS Key Resource Person Bbn{]h¿Øn®v \nc-h[n ]cnio-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw A°m-U-anIv cwKØv hnhn[ tIm¨ -̂d≥kp-I-fn-¬ \nc-h[n {]_-‘-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw KqemØn C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v^n\m≥kn¬ Xt±-i-kz-bw-̀ -cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°mbntemI-_m¶v \S-∏m-°nb hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-I-fpsSt]mfnkn AssUz-k-dmbn Hcp h¿j-°mew tkh\wA\p-jvTn-®p. Ct∏mƒ cm{„ob kwL-S-\-I-fpsSt\Xr-Xz-tØm-sSm∏w a√-∏≈n ko\n-b¿ tNw_¿{]kn-U‚ v, a√-∏≈n tkmjy¬ B‚ v Iƒ®-d¬ {SÃv{]kn-U‚ v, sFIy-Zo-]w D]-tZ-iI kanXn AwKwF∂o \ne-I-fn¬ kPo-h-am-Wv.

tP°_v kmdns‚ hnP-b-I-c-amb Pohn-X-Øn\v\nc-¥cw ]n¥pW \¬In-bXv At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_-am-Wv. sslkvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmb t{Xkym-Ω-bmWv `mcy. aq∂p a°-fn¬ aqØ aIƒ sadn≥ _n.-F-Uv . hnZym¿∞n-\nbpw sa¬hn≥ Fw. -sSIvhnZym¿∞nbpw anYp≥ +2 hnZym¿∞n-bp-am-Wv.

ssZhw A\p-{K-ln®p \¬Inb PohnXw At\-I-cpsS Db¿®bv°pw hf¿®-bv°pw th≠n hybwsNøp∂ Pbnw-kvIp-ń-®mb≥ s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn-s\-∂-t]mse ae-¶c kpdn -bm\n ItØm-en°mk`bv°pw Gsd {]nb-s∏-́ -h-\m-Wv. aq∂c ]Xn-‰m≠pImesØ kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh\w At±-l-Øn\vkw`m-h\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv temI-Øns‚ hnhn[`mK-ß-fn¬ hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ sh∂n-s°mSn ]mdn-°p∂ injy-k-aq-l-am-Wv. tP°_v km¿ F∂A≤ym-]I t{ijvTs‚ kap-∂-X-amb hnZym-`ymk{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Pohn-°p∂ km£y-ambn Cu]pXp-X-e-apd tim`n-°p-∂p.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ GXp taJ-e-I-fn¬ hn´p-hogvNsNbvXmepw hnizm-k-Po-hn-X-Ønepw k`-bpsS {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fnepw ISp-InsS hyXn-N-en-°msX Hcp Xncp-Ø¬ i‡n-bmbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Rß-fpsStPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c\v `mhp-I-ßƒ! \∑-bpsS \qdp-a-e-cp-Iƒ kaq-l-Øn¬ hnX-dn-s°m≠v C\nbpw At\-Isc t\Xr-\n-c-bn-te°pw PohnX hnP-b-Øn-te°pwssI]n-Sn-®p-b¿Øp-hm≥, ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°v {]tNm-Z-\-Øns‚ Xncn-\m-f-am-Ip-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\v ssZhwA\p-{Klw {]Zm\w sNøs´!

Ihn-bq¿,-c-bq¿,-aq-°q¿,-dm-∂n,

I√n-t»-cn,I-fw-]m-e-bnbpw

a√-∏-≈n,-sb-cptaen-,bnepw

I√q-∏m-d,-]p-fn-°o-g-Xn-epw,

Ipdn-b-∂q,-c-Y-tIm-´q¿,]n-d-hw,

Xncp-aq-e-bnepw Xncp-h-√-,bnepw

shÆn-°p-f,-a-Xn-en-c-hn-]p-cØpw

]ns∂-I-S-am≥Ip-f-aXne-ßs\

Ip∂w-Ip-f,-a-Y-Ip-∂-°p-cp-Sn,

am∂m-¿,\nc-Ww,-X-®-a,-tam-X-d,

\s√-Sp-{º,-{Im-tc-en-bnepw

]p√m,-Sm¿Øm-‰m-e-∏p-gbpw

]pØ≥Ip-cni,Y-Iq-Øm-´p-Ip-fw,

]p∂-sbmsSmsØmcpthen,-bn-e-ßs\

Ifh-ßm-´p,-ap-Sp-º-∂q-cpw,

tImX-I-e-¿s∂mcp awK-e-a-Xnepw

]qØr°,bnepw ]m≠-h-\m-´pw,

Np¶-∏m-d-bn¬ Imcbv-°¬,-∏n˛

∂©¬s]ń-b-∂-ÿ-eØpw

shÆn-°p-f-Øpw,-sN-ß-caqcpw,

]pjvSn-s]-cp-sØmcp]m-ºm-Sn-bnepw

]≈n-IfpwIt∏-f-Ifpw

cq]-X-bpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂hnf-°p-sImfpØnb Bcm-[-\m-

tI-{μ-ßƒ

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aZ¿ lq_Imbw-Ip-fsØ s]m≥hmWn`w IpSpw_w

]pcm-X-\-amb IpSp-_-Øn¬ {io. CSn-®m-≠n-bp-sSbpw A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI-fmbn B®n-bΩ]nd∂p,1068 Nnßw 22 -˛mw XobXn (1893sk]vXw_¿ 8). c≠p-k-tlm-Z-c∑mcpw aq∂pktlm-Z-cn-am-cp-amWv Ah¿°p≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-B-®n-b-Ω-bmWv ]n∂oSv aZ¿lq-_m-bm-bn-Xo¿∂-Xv.-A-h¿ amXm-hns≥d ]nd-hn-s∏-cp-∂m-fn¬ P\n-®p;amXr`‡-bmbn hf¿∂p.

k∂ym-k-]-cnio-e-\-Øn-\p≈ Xmev]cywB®n-b-Ω-bn¬ DW¿∂p. Fw.-F.-A-®s≥dt\XrXzØn¬ I¬° -́bn-te°p s]Ïp-́ n-Iƒt]mIp∂ hnhcw Ahsc DW¿Øn _mcn-tkm-fn-tebv°p t]mIp-hm≥ Ahƒ {ia-am-cw-`n-®p._mcn-tkm-fnepw Utbm-kn-j≥ tImf-Pnepw]cn-io-e\w \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ tIc-fob s]Ïp-ń-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ^m.]n.‰n. Koh-dp-KokvAXo-h-{i-≤m-ep-hmbn. Ipº-km-cw, hn.-Ip¿∫m-\,-B-≤ym-fln-tIm-]tZiw F∂n-h-bn-emWvAt±lw PmK-cq-I-\mbXv.kp-dn-bm\n `mj A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kuI-cy-ap-≠m-°n. -k-∂ym-k-]cnioe\w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-h¿ 1918-˛¬ t]mkvd-dp-e≥kn-bn¬ {]th-in-®p. Hf»-bn¬ sI.-F.-bm-t°m_p siΩm-i≥ (]n-∂oSv am¿ sXtbm-^n-tem-kv) Ch¿°v ¢m v FSp-Øn-cp-∂p.]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p-t]mb A¿∞n-\n-Iƒ1920 ˛ G{]n¬ amk-Øn¬ XncnsI t]m∂p; sabvam-k-Øn¬ Xncp-aq-e-]p-c-sØ-Øn.-_m-en-Im-a-T-Øn\p ]Sn-™m-dp-`m-K-Øp≈ ]dºv aT-Øn-\p-th≠n hmßn sIńSw]Wn-Xp.1926-̨ -sk-]vXw-_¿ 21-̨ \v A¿∞n-\n-I-fpsS BZy-{h-X-hm-KvZm\w\S∂p. knkvd-d¿ lq_m,-kn-kvd-d¿ ssi\,-kn-kvd-d¿ Z\lm F∂o t]cp-Iƒ Ah¿ kzoIcn-®p.- kn-kvd-d¿ ssi\ aZ¿ kp∏o-cn-b¿ Bbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.-A-ßs\ _Y\n k∂ym-kn- k-aqlw cq]w-sIm≠p.- an-in-lm-\p-I-cW k∂ym-kn\n kaqlw F∂ \ma-t[bhpwAXn-\p-e-̀ y-ambn ]uckvXy ]cnip-≤≥ hn.-_-tk-entbmkns≥d \nb-a-ß-fmWv Ahsc hgn-\-S-Øn-b-Xv.-C-∂sØ Ccp-sh-≈n{] sslkvIq-fn\p sXm´Sp-Øp≈ sIm®psI-́ n-S-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm≠v am¿ Chm-\n-tbmkv Ah¿°v t\XrXzw sImSpØp.

1920 sk]vXw-_¿ 20 _Y-\n-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.A∂mWv ImtXm-en-°-]p-\-sscIyw \S-∂-Xv.- am¿ Cuhm\n-tbm-kv, -am¿ sXtbm-^n-tem-kv, ^m. tPm¨,-sk-dm-^n≥ siΩm-i≥, an-kvd-d¿ Nmt°m Infn-teØv F∂n-h¿ sIm√w Ac-a\ Nm∏-en¬sh®p]p\-ssc-Iy-s∏-´p.-k-aql ÿm]-I-\mb am¿ Cuhm\n-tbm-kns≥d hgn-bn¬\n∂pw amdn-\n¬°p-hm≥ _Y\n knkvtddgvkn\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.-A-∂p≠mbn-cp∂ ]Øp ktlm-Z-cn-am¿ H∂S¶w am¿ Cuhm\n-tbm-kns≥d hgn Xnc-s™Sp-Øp.]Xn-s\m∂p h¿jw Xncp-aq-e-]p-cØv Ign-™-t∏mƒ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp \mem-©n-d-bn¬ Hcp ]pXnb aTw Xpd-∂p.-a-Z¿lq_m Xncp-h√m aT-Øns≥d aZ¿ kp∏o-cn-b-dm-bn.-{ItaW aT-Øn¬ A¿∞n-\n-IƒtN¿∂psIm≠ncp-∂p.-a-Z¿ lq_m-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w cq]-X-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-te°p

hym]n-®p.-]n-d-hØv Hcp t_m¿UnwKpw XpS-ßn.- Xp-S¿∂v1942 sabv 16-˛mw XobXnAhnsS aTw Bcw-`n-®p.-Xn--cp-h-√m-cq-]-X-bnse _Y\nk∂ym-kn-\o-k-aq-l-Øns≥d aZ¿ P\-d-embn aZ¿ lq_m \nb-an-X-bmbn.s]m¥n^n-°¬ ]Z-hn-bn-te°v _Y-\n-k-∂ym-kn\n kaqlw Db¿Ø-s∏-́ p.1960 G{]n¬ apX¬ aZ¿lq_m s{]mhn≥jy¬ ÿm\w Hgn™p.1971 HIvtSm_¿ amk-Øn¬ tcmKwh¿≤n-®p. 24˛mw XobXn shfp-∏n\p aZ¿ temI-tØmSp hnS-]-d-™p.

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Xncp-h√ Xncp-aq-e-]pcw sIm®p-am-en¬ IÆm-Sn-Ød ho´n¬ ]tc-X-\mb sI. Pn. Ipcy-s‚bpw tPmfn

Ipcy-s‚bpw aI≥ tSmWn Ipcy\pw Fgp-a-‰q¿ ]mgq¿ ho´n¬ amXyp tPm¿÷n-s‚bpw t{XkymΩ

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REG. NO. G/KL/TLA/40/2015-17R.N.I. 35982/80

Printed and Published by Fr. Thomas Kodinattumkunnel, Published from Marygiri, Archbishop's House, Tiruvalla, Keralaand Printed at Dona Press, Kottayam. Kerala, Chief Editor : Fr. Varghese Chamakalayil

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AIKYADEEPAM MONTHLYMarygiri, Tiruvalla, Kerala. Ph: 0469-2600626. Fax: 0469-2600822

Date of Publication: 28-08-2015

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