akkadian empire

7/26/2019 Akkadian Empire

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Akkadian EmpireFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Acadians.

Coordinates: 336N 446E

Akkadian Empire

23342154 BC

Map of the Akkadian Empire brown! and

the directions in which military

campai"ns were conducted yellow

arrows!

Capital Akkad

Languages Akkadian lan"ua"e

Religion #umerian reli"ion

Government Monarchy

Emperor of

Akkad

$%&&'(%%)*+

#ar"on of Akkad

$%-)(%-/'+

#hu$turul

istori!al era Ancient Era
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Akkadian_Empire&params=33_6_N_44_6_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkad_(city)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu-turulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Akkadian_Empire&params=33_6_N_44_6_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkad_(city)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu-turulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadians


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$ Established %&&' +

$0isestablished %-/' +

Area

$ %&&' +1-23, km4&3,33% s5 mi!

"oda# part ofountriestoday1show2

6art of a serieson the

istor# of $ra%

An!ient $ra%

#umer

Assyria

Akkadian Empire

+abylonia

Neo$Assyrian Empire

Neo$+abylonian Empire

Classi!al $ra%

Achaemenid Assyria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-size-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mesopotamiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-size-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mesopotamiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Assyria


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#eleucid +abylonia

6arthian +abylonia

7oman Mesopotamia

#asanian Asorestan

&edieval $ra%

7ashidun aliphate

8mayyad aliphate

Abbasid aliphate

9amdanids

+uyid amirate of :ra5

Marwanids

85aylids

Al$Ma;eedi

#el


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?arakoyunlu

A5 @oyunlu

#afaids

Bttoman :ra5

Mamluk dynasty

2't()!entur# $ra%

Mandatory :ra5

?in"dom of :ra5

Repu*li! of $ra%

:ra5i 7epublic -*/3(C3!

+aDathist :ra5

Bccupation of :ra5

Modern :ra5

$ra% portal

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The Akkadian Empire/k ed in/[2]was an ancient Semiticemirecentered in the cit! o"#kkad/ $ k $ d/[3]and its s%rro%ndin& re&ion in ancient 'esootamiawhich %nited a(( the

indi&eno%s #kkadian seakin& Semitesand the S%merianseakers %nder one r%(e within a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoyunluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq_Qoyunluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_history_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_(1958%E2%80%9368)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%9311)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraq_(2011%E2%80%93present)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Iraq&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkad_(city)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoyunluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq_Qoyunluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_history_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_(1958%E2%80%9368)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%9311)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraq_(2011%E2%80%93present)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Iraqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Iraq&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkad_(city)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_language


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m%(ti(in&%a( emire) The #kkadian Emire contro((ed 'esootamia* the +e,ant* and arts o"

-ran)[4]

.%rin& the 3rd mi((enni%m C* there de,e(oed a ,er! intimate c%(t%ra( s!m0iosis 0etween the

S%meriansand the Semitic#kkadians* which inc(%ded widesread0i(in&%a(ism)[1]#kkadian

&rad%a((! re(aced S%merian as a soken (an&%a&e somewhere aro%nd the t%rn o" the 3rd and the2nd mi((ennia C the eact datin& 0ein& a matter o" de0ate)[6]

The #kkadian Emire reached its o(itica( eak 0etween the 24th and 22nd cent%ries C*

"o((owin& the con5%ests 0! its "o%nder Sar&on o" #kkad23342278 C) 9nder Sar&on and his

s%ccessors* #kkadian (an&%a&e was 0rie"(! imosed on nei&h0orin& con5%ered states s%ch as

E(am) #kkad is sometimes re&arded as the "irst emire in histor!*[7]tho%&h there are ear(ierS%merian c(aimants)[]

#"ter the "a(( o" the #kkadian Emire* the #kkadian eo(e o" 'esootamia e,ent%a((!

coa(esced into two ma;or #kkadian seakin& nations: #ss!riain the north* and* a "ew cent%ries(ater* a0!(oniain the so%th)

ontents

- ity$state of Akkad

% 9istory

o %.- Bri"ins

& #ar"on and his sons

o &.- Naram$#in

o &.% ollapse of the Akkadian Empire

o &.& he urse

' oernment

/ Economy

C ulture

o C.- Gan"ua"e

o C.% 6oet(priestess Enheduanna

o C.& echnolo"y
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-WebsterNinthNewCollege-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-WebsterNinthNewCollege-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitichttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bilingualismhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bilingualismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-Deutscher-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-woods-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#City-state_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Sargon_and_his_sonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Naram-Sinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Collapse_of_the_Akkadian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#The_Cursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Poet.E2.80.93priestess_Enheduannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-WebsterNinthNewCollege-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitichttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bilingualismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-Deutscher-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-woods-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#City-state_of_Akkadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Sargon_and_his_sonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Naram-Sinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Collapse_of_the_Akkadian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#The_Cursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Poet.E2.80.93priestess_Enheduannahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#Technology


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o C.' Achieements

) #ee also

3 Notes

* Further readin"

- EHternal links

ity$state of Akkad

Main articleI Akkad city!

The recise archaeo(o&ica( site o" the cit! the (ater #ss!ro


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+ron;e head of an Akkadian, probably an ima"e of Manishtusu or Naram$#inJdescendants of #ar"on National Museum of :ra5!

Sar&on o" #kkad harr!"kinL ?(e&itimate kin&?* ossi0(! a tit(e he took on &ainin& owerde"eated and cat%red +%&a(


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Fri&ina((! a c%0earer #absha$e to a kin& o" =ish with a Semitic name* 9r


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?the S%0art% mo%ntaino%s tri0es o" #ss!ria the %er co%ntr!in their t%rn attacked* 0%t the!

s%0mitted to his arms* and Sar&on sett(ed their ha0itations* and he smote them &rie,o%s(!?)

Sar&on had cr%shed oosition e,en at o(d a&e) These di""ic%(ties 0roke o%t a&ain in the rei&n o"

his sons* where re,o(ts 0roke o%t d%rin& the 8

eriod o" B1 !ears) The (atter kin& seems to ha,e "o%&ht a sea 0att(e a&ainst 32 kin&s who had

&athered a&ainst him and took contro( o,er their co%ntr! o" what is toda! the 9nited #ra0

Emirates and Fman) .esite the s%ccess* simi(ar(! to his 0rother* he seems to ha,e 0eenassassinated in a a(ace consirac!)[B8]

,aram)-in

#tele of Naram$#in,1%2celebratin" ictory a"ainst the Gullubifrom =a"ros%%C+.9e is wearin" a horned helmet, a symbol of diinity, and is also portrayed in a

lar"er scale in comparison to others to emphasi;e his superiority.1%-2

+rou"ht backfrom #ipparto #usaas war pri;e in the -%th century +

'anisht%sh%Ds son and s%ccessor*Naram


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To 0etter o(ice S!ria* he 0%i(t a ro!a( residence at Te(( rak* a crossroads at the heart o" the

=ha0%r Ai,er0asin o" the HeMirah) Naram


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re,ent the emire e,ent%a((! co((asin& o%tri&ht "rom the in,asion o" 0ar0arian eo(es "rom

the Ka&ros 'o%ntainsknown as theG%tians)

+itt(e is known a0o%t the G%tian eriod* or how (on& it end%red) C%nei"orm so%rces s%&&est that

the G%tiansD administration showed (itt(e concern "or maintainin& a&ric%(t%re* written records* or

%0(ic sa"et!> the! re%ted(! re(eased a(( "arm anima(s to roam a0o%t 'esootamia "ree(!* andsoon 0ro%&ht a0o%t "amineand rocketin& &rain rices) The dec(ine coincided with se,ere

dro%&ht* ossi0(! connected with c(imatic chan&es reachin& a(( across the area "rom E&!t to

Greece) The S%merian kin& 9r


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!ear> ))) rei&ned 3 !ears> ))) rei&ned 2 !ears> -arar%m rei&ned 2 !ears> -0ran%m rei&ned B !ear>

Qa0(%m rei&ned 2 !ears> I%M%r


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The eriod 0etween ca) 2BB2 C and 24 C is known as the 9r --- eriod) .oc%ments a&ain

0e&an to 0e written in S%merian* a(tho%&h S%merian was 0ecomin& a %re(! (iterar! or (it%r&ica(

(an&%a&e* m%ch as +atin (ater wo%(d 0e in 'edie,a(E%roe)[38]

"(e Curse+ater materia( descri0ed how the "a(( o" #kkad was d%e to Naram


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reco&nised as0ar ki00atiL kin& o" =ish* and was considered reeminent in S%mer* ossi0(!0eca%se this was where the two ri,ers aroached* and whoe,er contro((ed =ish %(timate(!

contro((ed the irri&ation s!stems o" the other cities downstream)

#s Sar&on etended his con5%est "rom the ?+ower Sea? Iersian G%("* to the ?9er Sea?

'editerranean* it was "e(t that he r%(ed ?the tota(it! o" the (ands %nder hea,en?* or ?"roms%nrise to s%nset?* as contemorar! tets %t it) 9nder Sar&on* the ensis &enera((! retained theirositions* 0%t were seen more as ro,incia( &o,ernors) The tit(e0ar ki00ati0ecame reco&nised asmeanin& ?(ord o" the %ni,erse?) Sar&on is e,en recorded as ha,in& or&anised na,a( eeditions to

.i(m%nahrain and 'a&an* amon&st the "irst or&anised mi(itar! na,a( eeditions in histor!)hether he a(so did in the case o" the 'editerranean with the kin&dom o" =ataraossi0(!

C!r%s* as c(aimed in (ater doc%ments* is more 5%estiona0(e)

ith Naram to

insta(( sons as ro,incia( ensi&o,ernors in strate&ic (ocations> and to marr! their da%&hters tor%(ers o" erihera( arts o" the Emire 9rkeshand 'arhashe) # we(( doc%mented case o" the

(atter is that o" Naram


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that ena0(ed the &rowth o" the hi&hest o%(ation densities in the wor(d at this time* &i,in&

#kkad its mi(itar! ad,anta&e)

The water ta0(ein this re&ion was ,er! hi&h and re(enished re&%(ar(!0! winter storms in the

headwaters o" the Ti&ris and E%hrates "rom Fcto0er to 'arch and "rom snow


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0! the &oa( o" sec%rin& contro( o,er these imorts) Fne ta0(et reads ?Sar&on* the kin& o" =ish*

tri%mhed in thirt!


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8ruk and eHiled to the steppe. #he be"s the moon "od Nanna to intercede forher because the city of 8ruk, under the ruler Gu"alanne, has rebelled a"ainst#ar"on. he rebel, Gu"alanne, has een destroyed the temple Eanna, one ofthe "reatest temples in the ancient world, and then made adances on hissister$in$law.1/-2

"e!(nolog#

+assetki #tatuefrom the rei"n of Naram$#inwith an inscription mentionin" theconstruction of a temple in Akkad

Fne ta0(et "rom this eriod reads* 56rom the earliest days no"one had made a stat!e of lead,5b!t #im!sh king of %ish, had a stat!e of himself made of lead( 3t stood before Enlil7 and itrecited his 5#im!sh's 8irt!es to the id! of the gods) The coer assetki Stat%e* cast with the(ost wamethod* testi"ies to the hi&h (e,e( o" ski(( that cra"tsmen achie,ed d%rin& the #kkadianeriod)[12]

A!(ievements

The emire was 0o%nd to&ether 0! roads* a(on& which there was a re&%(arosta( ser,ice) C(a!

sea(s that took the (ace o" stams 0ear the names o" Sar&on and his son) # cadastra(s%r,e!

seems a(so to ha,e 0een instit%ted* and one o" the doc%ments re(atin& to it states that a certain

9r%


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aintin&


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Geantine corridor

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>armo

Europe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Neolithic&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertile_Crescenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levantine_corridorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherd_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherd_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trihedral_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraoun_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahunian_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarmukian_Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaf_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubaid_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bybloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerichohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Aswadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Neolithic&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertile_Crescenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levantine_corridorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherd_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherd_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trihedral_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraoun_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahunian_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarmukian_Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaf_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubaid_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bybloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerichohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Aswadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Europe


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+oian culture

+utmir culture

ernaodV culture

oofeni culture

ucuteni$rypillianculture

0udeXti culture

orneXti culture

umelniYa(?aranoo culture

9aman"ia culture

Ginear 6ottery

culture

Malta emples

6etreXti culture

#esklo culture

is;a culture

is;apol"Zrculture

8satoo culture

Larna culture

Lin[a culture

Lu[edol culture

Neolithicransylania

Neolithic#outheasternEurope

hina

6eili"an" culture

6en"toushanculture

+eiHin culture

ishan culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boian_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butmir_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dude%C5%9Fti_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorne%C5%9Fti_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumelni%C5%A3a%E2%80%93Karanovo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumelni%C5%A3a%E2%80%93Karanovo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamangia_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalithic_Temples_of_Maltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petre%C5%9Fti_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesklo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisza_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usatovo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Transylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Transylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Southeastern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Southeastern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Southeastern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiligang_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengtoushan_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengtoushan_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beixin_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cishan_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boian_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butmir_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dude%C5%9Fti_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorne%C5%9Fti_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumelni%C5%A3a%E2%80%93Karanovo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumelni%C5%A3a%E2%80%93Karanovo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamangia_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalithic_Temples_of_Maltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petre%C5%9Fti_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesklo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisza_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usatovo_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Transylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Transylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Southeastern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Southeastern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Southeastern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiligang_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengtoushan_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengtoushan_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beixin_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cishan_culture


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0adiwan culture

9ouli culture

\in"lon"waculture

\inle culture

=haobao"ouculture

9emudu culture

0aHi culture

Ma


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C%(t%ra( tendencies o" this eriod di""er "rom that o" the ear(ier Ire ear(ier t!ica( dwe((in&s were circ%(ar* e((itica( andoccasiona((! e,en octa&ona() I!rotechno(o&! was hi&h(! de,e(oed in this eriod) .%rin& this

eriod* one o" the main "eat%res o" ho%ses is e,idenced 0! a thick (a!er o" white c(a! (aster

"(oors hi&h(! o(ished and made o" (ime rod%ced "rom (imestone) -t is 0e(ie,ed that the %se o"c(a! (aster "or "(oor and wa(( co,erin&s d%rin& IIN (ed to the disco,er! o"otter!)[B]The

ear(iest roto


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-#ro)ittite statesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

7edirected from Neo$9ittite!

6art of a serieson the

istor# of "urke#

6rehistory1show2

+ron;e A"e1show2

lassical A"e1show2

Medieal A"e1show2

Bttoman Empire1show2

7epublic of urkey1show2

+y topic1show2

imeline

"urke# portal

t
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neo-Hittite&redirect=nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Turkish_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neo-Hittite&redirect=nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Turkish_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Turkey


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e

The states that are ca((ed Neo-Hittite* or more recent(! Syro-Hittitewere+%wian*#ramaicand

Ihoenician


26/79

The co((ase o" the Qittite Emire is %s%a((! associated with the &rad%a( dec(ine o" Eastern

'editerranean trade networks and the res%(tin& co((ase o" ma;or +ate ronMe #&e citiesin the

+e,antine coast* #nato(ia and the #e&ean)[2]-n the midd(e o" the B3th cent%r! C* &reat &ro%s

o" Greeksseakin& ancient .oriandia(ects mo,ed "rom the north thro%&h the a(kanre&ion tothe so%th) The Thracianswho occ%ied this re&ion* and northern Greece* were "orced to mo,e to

the western coasts* and (ater to the in(and o" #nato(ia*where the! 0ecame known asIhr!&iansand '!sians) #t the end o" the B3th cent%r! C* the '!ceneana(aces in in(and Greece were

destro!ed 0! in,aders and a(most sim%(taneo%s(! sea


27/79

contin%e into the -ron #&e witho%t hiat%s* and those tem(es witness m%(ti(e re0%i(din&s in the

Ear(! -ron #&e)

Gist of #yro$9ittite states

9istorical map of the Neo$9ittite states, c. 3 +E. +orders are approHimate only.

The S!roQittite states ma! 0e di,ided into two &ro%s: a northern &ro% whereQittiter%(ersremained in ower* and a so%thern &ro% where #ramaeanscame to r%(e "rom a0o%t B C)#(tho%&h these states are considered somewhat %ni"ied* the! were tho%&ht to act%a((! 0e

dis%ni"ied* e,en in searate kin&doms)[B1][B6]

The northern &ro% inc(%des:

abal. :t may hae included a "roup of city states called theyanitisuwana,unna, 9upisna, #hinukhtu, :shtunda!

?ammanuwith Melid!

9ilakku

@uw^with a stron"hold at modern ?aratepe!

ur"um

?ummuh
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyanitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hupisna&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shinukhtu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishtunda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kammanuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilakkuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quw%C3%AAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatepehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurgum&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kummuhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyanitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hupisna&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shinukhtu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishtunda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kammanuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilakkuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quw%C3%AAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatepehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurgum&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kummuh


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archemish

The so%thern* #ramaic* &ro% inc(%des:

6alistincpital was probablyell ayinat!1-)21-32

+it abbariwith #amDal!

+it$Adiniwith the city ofil +arsip!

+it +ahianiwith u;ana!

6attinalso 6attina or 8n5i! with the city of ?inalua, maybe modernellayinat1-*2!

Ain 0ara, a reli"ious center

+it A"usiwith the cities of Arpad, Nampi"i, and later on! Aleppo!

9atarikka$Guhutithe capital city of which was at 9atarikka!

9amath

:nscriptions

+%wianmon%menta( inscritions in #nato(ian hiero&(!hscontin%e %ninterr%ted "rom the B3th

akkadian empire

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