yu issN am-son? | udk smm+sbuos)

3EOPM M K math Me cf>n ckc

3A CAdBHCTHKy

43

HOBH CAA * 1903

Poklon od Jutarnjeg prdeza. :)

Rapid Serbia, 2012

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AJieKcan^ap JIoms *

HEKH CJ1ABHCTHMKH ACHEKTH CPHCKE ETHGFEHE3E1

* IIpeweT h UpHcxyn

HcTOpHorpatJjHja peKOHCTpymiie ncxopHjy y CMepy y koJcm je OHa Teioia, on paHHjer kb nomnijeM, nporpecHBHo* TaKaB nocTynaic onpasnaH je npn ontfCHBatty nana Gjih^chx paa^o6iba hhjh ey BpeMeHCKH onceqitH Matte-bh me paBHOMepHO DOKpHBeHH HCTOpwjCKHM H3B0pHMa, Ho Hac OB^e aaHMMa OHaj najpaHHjH neo cpocKe KCTOpHje KojH ce, c obsupoM Ha MeTonononiKe saxxeBe Koje nocxaBJBa, Monte h3jjbojhth non, nocebHHM HaaHBOM npOTOHcxopHja hjih npe^HcxopHja, jep ce onJiHKyje ocKyzumoM hjih hsk HenocxaTKOM HapaTHBHHx

v H3B0pa h epa3MepHO TOMe BefiHM 3HanajeM nonaTaKa Koje npy^scajy npyre Hayxe. Ilpe cbhx to je cjiaBHCTHKa, cxBahena Kao abnp jihhtbhcthhkhx, 4>hjio- JI01UKHX, CjDOJlKilOpHCTHHKHX H £pyrHX HCTpa^KHBaHba KOMnapaTHBHO-HCTOpHj-

t cicor KapaKTepa xoja 3a npe^MCT HMajy cjiOBeHcxy npomjiocT, yKJLyHyjyhH eese CjiOBeHa ca npyrHM cpoABHM h necpo^HHM HaponHMa. Beh cjiOBecHa aJiH join He^oBOJtno peHtrra, npe^HCTOpHja cnaja HeMymiy npaHCTOpHjy Kao noite pa^a apxeojiora ca npasoM, nncaHOM HcTOpnjoM. McTpa^HBan koJh ce xpeTao tbm f,TaMHHM BHJiajeTOM” ana na cy cBeTJiyuabh xaMHHUH Koje ycnyr Hajiaaw h

* yrpabyje y MoaaHK caoje peKOHCTpyKiinje cBe ocKyaHHjn uito ce nybjte cnyrn- xa; onaTJie noTpe6a jxa ce xparame ycMepn pexporpanHO, HnyfiH 04 one Tanxe r^e ce hht Hberoeor npenMexa no npBH nyr nil HBpCTO yxEararn Hanojie, y By6HHy BpeMena, rne ce ona xaitH h ry6m Fasywe ce, motjih 6hcmo y H3Jiara-

1 ay pe3yjnaTa cbqf HCTpajKHBama Hatcna^HO HopManH30BaTH oSpHyrH cjien KojwM cmo cn03HasajiH hjih nacjiyhHBajiH jjorabaje, bacnocTasHTH h>hxob npH- pO^aH, ^HHaBO^tHH^ TOK. Ho C oSaHpOM Ha HeH3BeCHOCT npeTOOCTaBKH h pena- thbhoct 3aKJtyHaKa no Kojwx cmo y obom TpeHyrKy y cxaity n& nofoeMo h Ha to aa HiHxoBa noya^aHocT ona^a ca BehOM naBHHHOM, mhcjihm na je HHTejieKTy an -

1 ho nomTeHHje yhhhhth raraoqe caynecHh UHMa concxBeeor rparatta, a ne cawo cyneoHHiiHMa ocKyj^nnx najia3a, KaKo 6h npeMa H>HMa h cawn hmejih ony p&3epBy h 3ayaeji(H OHy nHCTaHuy7 ,Koje ayrop jihhho aanp^caBa* ——---

y 1 Osaj pa^ npeiiCTaBJM CKpaheHy h npepafteHy Bepanjy npcjiaBaHja OAp>KaHor 18. waja 1993, ro^HHe Ha rpn6HHH CfiecyiOBCHCKor caBeaa y Eeorpaiiy nan h&cjiobom „HajpaHMja HCTopBsja Cp6a V CBeTJiy Hoanj hx jm«rBHCTH4KHx HCTpajKHsatba>f+ Opw npHpellHBaity 3a juuxaMny ySanene cy caNto HajHyKHuje pe4>epeHaeF lioBHBafta n ynyllHBaH.c na ocuoBHy JiHTepaTypy, k&kbg cy Huflepaieose Sbvanske Starozitnosti, nojtcKH Stownik starozitnoM stowianstdch, Haiiaita M3B0pa Kao Jlop4>Hpore-

% hxil no npajaiiny je naocjajxo. Psmw nperjie^HocTH npH Hnrai*y, craajLeHH cy nonHacBOBH,

TIoJia3HJiire

3a nojiaaninxe hhhh ce Aa je naj6ojte yaexH ony npejiOMHy Tamy Ka^a ce cpncTBo, y wcxoAy pantijcr paaBoja — koJh je cjia6o noaBax h obac heMo nOKymaTH aa ra AoneKJie pacBeTJiMMO - jaBJba open waMa Kao jacHO yo&iHHeH c^eHOMCH, AoSHjajyhii HcxOBpeMeHO A^MaxHe CMepHHqe npeMa KOjHMa he ce y noxomc speMe paaBujaxH, To je Ao6a Cxecjxana HeMame h CBeTOr Case, Je^an jy>KHOcjiOBeHCKH ^.HjajieKax, hmjh HacTawaK mo>k&mo npaxHTH Kojy CTOXHHy rcwiHa yHa3a^? npepacxa y KxtimeBHH je3HK koJh aoeeMO CTapoepncKHM. CpncKa flpataBaj hbkoh BeKOsa cBora HenaBecHor h npoMeHjlhbor cxaxyca h cBaKam Aocxa JiaSasor yHyrpamHjer ycxpojcxBa hbtiokoh nonpuMB HBpmhy 4)opMy h aayaHMa OApebeH h nocTojan noJitmaj y TaAammoj nojihthhkoj KOHCTeJiaxxnjh* Ca npeMemxatfceM flp^KaBOTBOpHor xeoKmiiTa y Pauncy, Ha Kpaj- h>h hctoic npBoSHXHor cpncKor noapyHja. Cp6n ce H3Meby cc|)epa aana^Hor h HCTOHHOr xpHiuhaHCxea KOnanHO onpeiieibyjy 3a obq Apyi o, HeMatta ce itgho- bo KpuiTaBa y npaBocJiasnom oSpe^ny h nporaita SoryMHJie, a Cecth Cana nocxH?Ke caMOcxajiHOcx cpncKe upxne y CKJiony npanocjiaBHor CBeTa. npaBO^ cjiaBJBe vi cBexocaBJbe nocxajy SuTHe o/ipe^HHqe cpncrsa, HCTOBpeMeno h uiHpehti h cy>KaBajy?lH ocnOBHuy 3ajeAHHHKe rmeMeHCKe npwnaAHOCTH, Ha aana^y ksbojihuh H naxapeHM, AOHHHje MyxaMe^amiH cpncKor exHHHKor no- peKJia 6nBajy KyjixypHo h hojihthhkh oasojeHii oa HauHOHanHOr xejia h y Kpajn>eM Hcxojiy ce pacpSjByjy. 3ay3BpaT ce tunp^BbeM Ap^ase na hcxok k jyr npaBOcjiaBHe cjiOBencKe Mace 6e3 6aH>Ker exHHHKor onpejDLejBeiBa cnourraHo acHMHjryjy cpncscoM eTHOcy, npepacxaite cpncxor KpajbeBCTBa y uapCTBQ, y jej;ny no AecfjHHHaHjH HaAHanHOHajiHy Ap^aBHy sajeAHHijy Koja je ochm cjio- BeHCicor miBiba yicJByHHJia h 3HaxHe hccjiobchcks Mace, join BHme pasBombaca Haanonajiny KOMnoneaxy, Koja, yocxajioM, koa cTape cpncKe Ap^ase, Kao m koa /ipyrnx MOHapxnja xora j^o6a, m hhJc 6wjia HarjiameHa y ohom ciwHcjiy h y OHoj MepH Koje nonpHMa y ^p^caBOxaopHHM H^eojiorHjaMa XIX BeKa, „Cbh Cp6n y jenHoj ^p^kqbh” HHje 6ho hh HeMattHH HHJb, a jom Matbe JOtyojaHOB. napaiiOKcaiiHO je pehn, ajiH ciiOM cpejitboiieKOBHe cpncKe np^KaBe npefl xyp- ckom Haje3AOM He caMO 4a HHje anaHHO npeKHB. KOHTHHyHTeTa y moj oc^opMjbeHe Hapo^HOcHe CBecTH, aeh jy je y H3BecHOj MepH ochb^cho. C je^He cxpaHe je ixpKBa Kao KOxe3HOHH jayxoBHH HHHHJiau y sejiHKOj MepH HaiiOKHa^H- aa HarySxbeHy ^p^aBHoex, a c jjpyre cxpaHe je ycnoMena Ha .apaMaxunan ry6HTaK qapcxsa npepacua y kocobckh mhx, yrpabyjyTiH jom je^an Shtsh ejieMewax y HaunoHajino ocehame. O kocobckoj M^eoJiorHjH hes MebyrHM, 6hth neuiTO BHiiie penn na cbmom Kpajy obor H3JiaxaH.a, kojihko toa M ce to, Ha npBH norjieAj mojkc yhhhhth npoxHBHO Haneny peTporpaAHOCTH KOje cmo yCBOjHJIH.

Ciiy^aj HeperjbaHa

JacHO je} AaKJie, fla je y npeAHeMamHhKO AQOa nojMOBHH caAp^Kaj cpncTBa 6ho ApyraHHjn Hero oa BpeMeHa npBHX HeMatbnha. a TaKobe Tpeba panyKaxH m je oh h npe Tor KibyHHor npeo6pa^caja Morao tokom BpeMena TpnexH 3HaHajHe npOMene, JeAHy MO^eMO HacayTHTH y Be3H ca xpHCTHjahHaaqHjOM Cp6a, Tom hphahkom je ttnxoB HajaanaAHHjH a^o, HepeTJBanH, ocxao HenoKp- ihtch, naraHCKH h Ha hckh HaHHH KyjrrypHO oabojch oa HaqHOHajiHOr KOpny-

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ca He RVT° nOTOM h ohh npHMajy xpumftaHCXBO, aAH ce jej^HOM yHHbken pe3 noKa^ao cyAboHOcaH: caobchcko cxaHOBHHiiixBQ H3Mebv HepeTBe h Ufexune, Koje nop4>HporeHMT qko 950, 03Ha4aea Kao Cp6e riarane, jaBJba ce caMo Kojy ctothby roaMHa AQUHHje y cacxaay Apyror eTHOca^ xpBaxcKor. HepeTJtaHH cy MOrin* Ay^ Hero HiHxoBa eaSpaha ocTaTH eepHH narancKHM Tpa^HunjaMa oa kojhx cy nejce BepoBaTHO *numnt kohcxhxytmbhh Aeo cpncKe naraHcice cbmo- cbccth, ann je npH onpeAejBetfcy HapOAHOCHe Maxnqe aa KyjrrypHH npeo6pa^taj H yKJtyHeH,e y TaAaiuHhy xpiimhaHCKy qHBHJiHsaunjy raj koh3epBaxHBH3aM neMHHOBHo boaho h>hxobom aouhujcm OAHapofeejby.

nOpej^HpOreHHTOB cnuc „0 HapoAHMa” Ir

Ciihc „0 napoAHMa” BHsaHTHjCKor uapa KoHcxaHTHHa IlGp4>HporeHHTa Yboah wac nocTeneHO npeKo pane ncxopuje Cp6a y oho oito cmo Ha3BajiH xbhxobom npeAMCTopHjoM. Ty, naHMe, Hajia3HM0 H3Bemxaj o cpncKOM cthh- hkom npocropy y ITop4)HporeHHTOBo Ao6a, qko epeAnne X BeKa, h ynopeAO c

* h>hm BHUie OA TpH cxOJieha cxapHiy TpaAHqujy o AOcejbetBy Cp6a y xe Kpajese 3a njiaAaBHHe qapa Hpaiainja, CaBpeMeny eTHHMKy CHTyaqHjy ceBepo3anaAHOr EajiKana osaj xoaop oqpxaBa na Asa HBHHHa: HcnocpcAHO, xaKO uitq cxaHOBHH- niTso riojeAHHHX oOnacTH ceBepoaariaAHOr BajiKana oananaBa icao Cp6e h

t nocpeAHO, Kpo3 oHOMacTHHKe noA^TKe ca cpncKor TepeHa Koje Haw oh ripBH npy^Ka y anaHajHHjoj kojihhhhh, a kojh OMoryhyjy a^ ce serose eTHumee arpn6yunje npoeepe jeanHKHM KpHTepnjHMa.

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CpncKe ofijracTH no nopc|>HporeHHxy

V cpncKe objiacTH Hopc^HporeHicr y6paja Cp6Hjy y y^teM cMHCJiy hah ^KpmxeHy”, Koja je Ha aanaAy Kao noce6ny o6Aacx y kjl ynn boa a Eocny (xaAa join orpaHHHeHy Ha cahb HOTOHMeHe peKe); Ha hctok ce Hnje npy^ica- jia npeKO M6pa, a Ha jyry je aaxsaxaAa ruptie RoApHMJbe (Pac h Uccxhhhk - flpcTHHK noMHity ce Kao rpann^HH rpaAOBH npeMa ByrapcKoj), aaxHM 3axyM- jbe, TpaByHHjyj KoHBBAe h naraHHjy, xj. obAacx na AecHoj cxpanH HepexBe.

s CpocKH KapaKxep xhx o6Aacxn riopc^HporeHHX H3BOAH H3 HHUbeHHqe cy to ohh KpajeBH KOje je, onycxcAe HaKOH asapcKC najesAej Hpaminje CBojeBpeMeno AQAeAHO Cp6HMa as ce HaceAe (norA, 32), xaKO Aa cy ibhxobh cxaHOBHHUH noxoMqH thx HeKpmxeHHX Cp6a AOcejteHHx ca ceBepa, H3 Bcac CpGnje (norjL 33, 34? 36), Obb OBaKO AHpeKXHa eTHHHKa onpeAejben>a HHHe ce yrAHBHOM

% noya^aHa, HajiaaehH nOTBpA® y Apyrnw paHHM H3BOpHMa (3a SaxyMjnbane npy- JKajy je nopc^HporeHHxy caepeMeHa arra cruiHTCKor CHHOAa, aok o cpncKOM cthhmkom ocehanby cpeAitOBeKOBHHX Eocawaua ao y XIII bgk cbcaomh nOBeA>a Maxeja HwHccjiasa fly6pOB4aHHMa),

JeawHKe oaahkc cpncKe QHOMacxHKe koa nop4>HporeHHra

CpnCKH je3HTt KBK3B CC jaBAia y CBOjHM HajpaHHjHM nncaHHM CnOMeHHUH- * Ma KpajeM XII Bexa, noKasyje abc ochobhc KapaKxepncxHKe Koje ra AHtJyepeH-

108

UHpajy flpeMa xipyrwM jymiocnoBeHCKHM nnj an ckxhm a; rjiacose/i h6hs MecTy npacjiOBeHCKHX rpyna ij u dj uy 3a npacnOBeHCKH 3ann>H Haaaji p. OnoMacTn. hkh Maxepwjan Kon IIop4>nporeHHTa cBejotoMH m je Ha ohom nonpyHjy Koje oh npmiHcyje Cp6HMa npBa nojaaa Beh raspuiena: tohohhm Mehypenje („Megyre- tous”); cxhohhu^uhuHu („Ditzflce”)j HaaHB cnOBCHCKOr iineMena Ha Bhcjih (oh npyror Ha3Hsa Hcxe peice *Dika ,nHBJta\ yn. hojb, Dzika Woda — Bhcjis); nunno HMe Ry&uMtp (3#Tzouzemeris”, KQd flyiaibaHHHa y MnafoeM oSjraicy tsTugemirJI TyfouMupf ro ca.ua norpeuiHo Hnraijo „tIy™MHPj>)j naxpOHHMUK Bbcedyb hjih BbiweGyfc G.Bouseboutze”, no eana norpeiiiHQ HHxepnpexHpaH icao BHh”). 3a aaMeHy aanifeer Ha3ana IIopcf>HpQreHHTOBa CBenonaHCTBa cy cnojeBH- Ta: HMe epncxor KHeaa MyTHMHpa oh 6ejie>KH ca na3ajiOM Mgtimir („Moun~ timeros”), Kao h MyrHMKpy caapeMeHa nancKa nHCMa, hito 3HanH na ce KpajeM IX BeKa HaaajiHo g y Cp6a jbm HyBajio, MebyTHM y TOnOHOMacTHHKOM MaTepHjajiy Kojw ohhto onpa^Kasa noamije, nopc^HporeHury 3a HajMaH>e nojia cTOJieha 6nH3Ke je3HHKO cxaite, Hana3rtM0 neHaaajiHaOBaHe oBjikko Kao JIy~ Kaebifb (3>Louk£betai,J), HepnoeycKaj {^Tzernabouskec, yn. Hem. toooh. Cer- no(v)usy), BepoBaTHO h Ponydunuj („Galoumaenik”)j 3axHM noMeHyxH nocecHB Bbce6yh npewa cTnoxt, jihhhom HMeHy Wszebqd. Thmc enoBeHCKH nMjaneKaT y je3rpenoM Reny cpncKHX aewajLa cxojn Beh qko 950. y nocxa jacnoj onpeun npeMa erapocnOBeHCKOM Kao jeaHKy HajpaHHjnx cjiobchckhx io*.H^eBHHx cno- MeHHKas HacTajiOM Ha 6a3H HCTOHHojy?KHOCjioBeHCKor nHjaneKra H3 OKOJiHHe CojryHa HenyHO cxonefre pamije, me 3a npacn. tj, dj HMaMo iuw7 Died a o6a nasajia ce Hysajyj Hnp. exen. blgzdenie npewa cpn. 6/iybehbC on npacjx *blgd}-.

HeKanamH^e npoxeaaike H30rnoce iinuloicd : hit

noKymaMO jih na Ha ochobh HajpaHHjwx jarrnca reorpacjxKHX HMena, anti h npeKO aoiiHHje noxRpbeHHx TOrrOHHMa hhja cTpyicrypa norryiuxa na ce cBp- cxajy y HajcTapHjH cjioj cnoBeHCKe TOnoHHMHje na EajiKany (HJip, ;'-nocecHBH}, npocjieHHMo npyjKaHie thx najpaHHjHx Haornoca xoje hcjic cpncKH xao jcnan aanaaHojy^KHocjioBeHCKH anjaneKax on HCTOHHojy^cHOcjioBeHCKOr? xj^ 6yrap- cKO“MaKenoncKor awjajieKaxcKor npccTopa7 nobwjaMo Ha ocnoBy nocananiiBiix eaaHaiLa cuenefty cjihky* HajcxapHja Haorjioca utiu/Dicd H3Jia3H Ha jy>KHy Mo- paBy oko yuiha HHiuaBe, npy^ea ce y3 H»y cbg no oko Bpanja, r&t npenaxH Ha jieBy cxpaHy pexe, xsaxa neo H,eH ropH.H cjthb h jxsljlq Ha 3anan npeceua MexoxHjy H3Han UpHapeHa* CesepHO M aananno onaxne je noapy^je cxapHX xonoHHMa ca Hfb Koje najuie Ha HcxoKy npenaiw H6ap, hctohhy rpaHHUty Cp6nje y nop4>HporeHHxoBo noSa, h npy>Ka ce no Mopaae. Obb cnHKa 6h y UejiHHH yaes onpa^anajia npOLjece VIII—IX B.

J^eHaaajiHaamija g >y

IIIto ce Tune KaciiMjer npoueca ncnaaajiHaaqHje p > y kojh, cmOj, Kpehe ca jesrpeHOr nonpy^ja y npeoj nojiOBHHH X BeKa, oh noKaayje HeoHeKH- BaHy eKcnaH3Hjy Ha hctok, h aa Mafhe on cto ronHHa aaxBaia neo cjihb Jy^KHe Mopase, me ce 1019. Sene^cn tohohhm CyKO&o (Sykoba”) na HurnaBH 6jiH3y

109

£aHanHts SvrapcKc rpamme (< npaai. *sgkov-). 3a jyr MeToxnje aa ce ,,CTaHOBHTH npBt>6HTHO crai*e 3a^iter Haasuia Kao y 6yrapcKOM n MaraAOH- ckom, rfle oh npeKO <? npejiaan y a hah a, ajiw ry apjio paHO, 3HaTHO npe

1 cpncKor ocBajaita ripnapeHa nonerKOM XIII sesa, aojiaan ao npoAopa cpncKHx TMHOBa ca y, Kao h ca h/b, a cjiHHHa cuTyauHja MO^K.e ce npexnocTaBhth h aa oKOJiMHy CKOruba, Ha jyroHcroKy aaMena 3a^H.er Ha3ajia macoM y rame^a jja je y XI Bexy aoceraa M3CHB Ocorosa.

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IlpoSJieM flyicibaHa

npoSaeMaTHHaH je cxaryc noTOH.er cpncKor jyroaanaaa y to ao6a. Ako * nonpaBKOM IIop4>HporeHHTOBa 3annca „to Lcmtfidokla” y to Lon[kai] to Doklu

HcnpaBHO peKOHcipyHiueMO toiiohhm Lgka kojh flOmmje HyKJtaHHH nrnne Luca, onaa ce y ^lyKJtH aajutH iiaaaji jom nyBao oko 950, xa^a Ha ceBepy Beh npejia3H y y; y cBaKOM cjrynajy, ra npOMeHa je AOUHnje aaxaaTHAa h flyKJby, o

f neMy icweby ocTaaor caeAOHM nOMeHyTH flyiaiaHHHOB aaraic. Kara noptjiH- poreHHT y 32. norjiaBJby AyKXby He yGpaja y aeMJte onycxomeHe oa Aaapa Koje cy no HpaxriHjeBy AonyiuTei-by y npBoj no A. VII b. HacraHHura Cpf>Hf hhth y norn. 35 caM© HyiobaHe, 3a paaaHKy oa npexxoAHHX TpaByH.aHa h KoHaBA>a- Ha h HOTOH.HX IlaraHa, 03HanaBa Kao nonOMKe rajia AocejbeHHX Cp6a, MOryhe Kfe _ ™

bck joei nyBajia HeKa noceSHocT cjiobchckhx cTaHOBHHKa flyKJbe y o^nocy Ha cyce,HHe Cp6e, H3pa^eHa M3Mehy ocTajior HiChhm ocTaja- n>m no crpaHH or noMeHyre je3nmce MHOaaquje KapaKxepHCTHHue aa ciapo- cpncKO no^pynje. ^ea Bexa aoqmije, y ro6sl Kan inmie Hon J^ykjbaHHH,

1 4vKJba H 3eTa CY HeB30CMHcjieH0 nenoBH cxapocpncKOr je3HHKor npocTO- pa> Y MebyepeMeny ce BHaaHTHjcKH nasopH KOJie6ajy npn onpenejBHBafty laMOixiHier cjiOBeHCKor >KMBJba Kao Cp6a hjih Xpeara, urro ce Henyje ca nojiy- jiereH^apHOM Tpa^HMHjOM o 3,UpBeHoj XpsaTCKOj” y Jv^khom npHMopjy, Hcxo-

j pnjcKa OHOMacTHKa He npy?Ka, MebyTHM, cseiionaHCTBa HeKanatUHjer eBeHTy- ajJHor xpBaTCTBa obmx oGjibcth; HanpoTHB, mms iiHanaHja je TpeTMaH utiufjtcd, npOTe^icybH ce or jy^KHe Meioxiije npeKO ^aHauiH^e cenepne Aa6aHH- je, ceaao cBe ^otjic, hito 6h 3HaHHJio m cy Tamo Cp6n 3aTeKJiH h nocTeneHO aCHMHJIOBaJlH CTSHOBHHUTTBO H3 HpBOr TSJiaca CJlOBeHCKe Ceo6e? ca HCTOHHO’

1 jy^cHOCJioBeHCKHM jsjija_neKaTCKiiM upxaMa.

CrapHHa h nopeKJio utiufotcd H30rjioce

1 ripc^ncno3HqHje paaBOja tjfdj > yuiuhicd Morjie cy na omiiTecjiobchckoM JlHjajieKaTCKOM ruiaHy nocroja™ join y ^o6a cjiOBeHCKor iiocejbaBaH>a Ha EajiKan. Ho hhhh ce Ra Kpajabu ^OMarnaj ose naorjioce cxojM y aejn ca npocTHpaHieM npBor 6yrapcKOr uapcTBa; y tom cjiynajy 6ho 6m nocpe^ja je^aH,

) JlOflyme, Bpjio pan, ajiH nojiHTHHKii ycjiOBJLeH k csmhm thm ceKyH^apaH c[5eHo- mch, HpeneBaH raH 3a tipbo6hthh pacnopejj cjiOBeHCKHx rpynaqnja Ha Ea-BKany h ftiixOBe Mebycoone Be3e y npanocTOjSHim npe ceo6e, Y TonoHHMHjn xa rJiacoBHa qpxa nonyx Hexe yjenHaHyjyhe npeBJiaKe Hanexce hb wajaySitM

> cjioaeHCKH cjioj cacTaBJLeH o,n paanopo^HHX eneMeHaTa, HHTepecaiiTno je Ra

no

flpyra naonnocay oa? Kao nojaDa cpncKor nopeicria AOJKHBJbaBa eKcnaH3Kjy Ha hctok y Ao6a Apyror EyrapcKor uapCTea. ToMe je Morjia AonpHHeTH BOfleha yjxora Kojy cy y OBOj ApacaBHOj TBOpeBHHH HrpajiH H,enn aana^HM acjiobh, K0jH cy yKJtyHHBajiH 3HaTHe eTHHHKH h jeaHHKH cpncKe TepHTOpHje. Ho c Jipyre CTpflHe TO je BpcMe Kaaa ce Ha HCTopHjcKoj no30pHHUM Ha npocTopy Apyror EyrapcKor papcTBa janjBajy flBa SajiicaHcica napo^a: BiiacH m Ap6aHacn, h to v

CTaH.y noKpeTa Kojw he hx kohamho aobccth y H»wxoBa AOAHHja CTaHHiura” AaHamity PyMyiiHjy h AaOaHHjy. OsAe HHje mccto na noapofiHO pajMaTpaMo cjioaceH npoSneM eTHoreneae h npBoOHTHe nocTojOHHe Anftaiiaita H Pywyna VnpKOc ayroxTOHH3My KojH ynopHO aacrynajy H>nxoBe Hau,HOHa„3He HayKe floDap aeo HenpHCTpacHHx HCTpaacHBana ca cTpaHc cjkjioh je m npeTKe jeanex H Apyrnx y apeMeHy oa Kpaja aHTHHKOr Ao6a ao oko XHJtaAHTe roAmie Tpa*n y luiaHHHaMa Aanauntc HCTOHHe Cp6nje h 3ananHe EyrapcKe, oAaiuie 6h ce OHAa, npeMa Toj xHnoxe3H, PyMyHH 6hjih wcejinjiH na ceBep, npeKo flyHata, y CTapy J^aKHjy, a AnOamm Ha 3anaa, y jy>KHo jaapaHCKo npniwopje. TaKo ce npeTnocTaBJteHa eKcnaronja cpncKor ejieMeHTa na hctok y ao6a AeHaaaimaa- UHja p > y, a to je, bhacjih cmo, X—XI BeK, MO>KAa oOjacHHTH npeTxoAHHM npa^cHbeibeM cpncKO-6yrapcKOr norpaHHHja hbkoh ojyiacKa anaiUKHx n ap6a- HauiKHx cTonapa y HOBe nocTojOwHe.2

npoSjieMH jyjKHocBOBeHCKor h 3anaAHojy3KHOcaobchckor je3H'-lKOr jeAHHCTBa

rOBOpH cjiOBeHCKor jyra npyacajy cpaaMepHO yjeAHaneHy AHjajieKaicKy cjiHKy, 6e3 oniTpHx paarpaHHHeita h ca umpoKHM npe/ia3HHM nojacesHMa, na Max H AOcra ay6oK Jaa” Kojn OABaja cpncKM oa SyrapcKor HHje 6ho HenpeMO- ctmb 3a aajejotHHHKe HHOBaiinje? Kao iiito je aaje^HHHKa nHCHMHJiamija wh > mm. CTora cnaBHcraKa roBOpH o nepHOny jyxcHOcjiOBeHCKor jeauMKor jenHH- ctBa h o H>eroBOM ^oubhJcm iienatky na nse rpynauHje, hctohhgj y^KHOcjioBeH- CKy h 3anajo(HOjy^cHOcjioBeHCKy* ^Huehla je Mebyrnw na jih h y jcnHOM h y npyrOM anyHajy nwaMo noc.na ca H3BopHHM jentmcTBOM huh ca ceKyHnapHHM 3ajenHHmTBOMj na jih? Kaico to hckh mhcjic, osa cirryaiiHja onpa^aea CTatte H3

no6a onMax naitOH noceitejka npenaKa jymmx Cnonena na EajiKan h jom panuje, hjih je Hacrana eaKHannOj Kao pesyiiTai 3ajenHHHKOr ^CHBOTa h nonnpa cycenHHX nwjajieKaTa tokom seicoBa, JenHH nonage on npajyncHOcn0BencK0r sajenHHimna Kao onpasa sajenHH^iKor nocejteita ca jyra 3aKapnaTCKe nocToj- 6iiHe, rnc cy no fbHMa npexxn jy^<HHX CnoBena Beh 6hjih ofijenwHveHH ^ajennu- hkhm nHjajieKTOM npacjiOBeHCKOr je3HKa, J^pyrH T€^khuitc cxaBibajy Ha paann- s kc HaMeby HCTO^Hojy^KHOcjiOReHCKe m 3ananHojy?KHOCJiOBeHCKe rpynauwje, y3

2 O HajpaHJdjMM HCTOMHOjv^HOCJlOB&HCKO-ianaAHOjyJKHOCjlOBeHCKHM H3orjiocaMa H o npo6- ntwy pyMyHCKe n aji6aHCKe nocrojGHHe onmupHHje y paiioBiiMa y afiopHMUMMa HaynHHX CKynoua ^CraHOEHHiijTBO CJlOBeHCKOr nopwjeKJia y Ajr6aHHjM", TuTOrpaji 1991, CTp. 279—327 h ^roBOpw jyroncrOHHe Cp6nje” (Hhiii 1992, y niTaMiin), 3a Hyeaite aHTH^jcnx reorpacj>CKitK i5Mena Ha TJiy CpCuije b, A, Loma: Vorslavisch^ Suhstrat in der Toponymie Serbians, y: Die Welt der Steven XXXVI/1991, exp, 99—139. npeTxo;mo Kao m oho kojc Henocp&jyjo cn&iiH, yn. ca HJiaHKQM II. Hawha rjleaHic h FberoB pasaoj ^pyre ncuioBHHe XII BCKa” y Mcuiopuju cpUcKOl napoda I, Era 1981, CTp. 125—140.

Ill

*

HdOBpeMeHe acJJHHHTeTe OBe flpyre ca aana^nocjiOBeHCKHM a OHe npBe ca MCToaHOCJiOBeHCKHM jesnmiMa, h panyHajy ca ABa xajiaca cjiOBeHCKor Aocejta-

0aH.a Ha jyr, oa kojhx je je^aH boaho hctomho, a apyra aanajino oa KapnaTa, ’ \flcHH je TaKObe 6iiH>Ka xnnoTe3a o ABa xajiaca, KOja yocTaiioM HajmM hcto-

pHjcKy nOTBpAV koa nop4>HporeHHxa, caMO 6hx 6ho onpe3aH axo ce paj^H o npojeKTOBai-by Be3a H3Meby AHjajieicxa h eTHOca ycTaHObhbhx 3a FIopt}:npore-

hhtobo flooa, cpeAHHy X Bejca, y VII aex KaAa oh y ApyroM xajiacy ceo6e t aoboah Ha EajiKflH XpBaxe h Cp6e. Hajnpe cxora, iuto je AHjajieKaxcKa h3ah-

djepetimpaHOCT nosHor npacnoBeHCKor jeaHKa y VI—VII Beicy npHJiHHHa Heno3HaHHua. Ha npHMep, jeAHOM oa HajcrapHjHX caobchckhx roorao ca, KOja ce A^THpa y Ao6a ripe paceJteHba CjiOBeHa, CMaTpa ce ynpoiufreH>e rpyne dl y /

* CBOjcXBeHO HCTOHHO- H jyaCHOCJIOBeHCKHM jeSHHHMa, AOK Ce KOA aanaflHHX OioBeHa ona nyaa; toitohhmhja Cp6nje npyxca, MebyxHw, hckojihko BepoBax-

hhx cnynajeBa oayBaH>a OBe rpyne, Cjmhho TOMe Hamia3HM0 h Ha OAcrynaite oa jyjkhocaobeHcKOr THna JiHKBMflHe MeTaTeae, npOMeHe xoja ce BpuiHJia y

, npBHM BeKOBHMa hekoh AOcejteH>a (y C3. ByrapCKoj npeflcji. xhapohhm Almus > JTom, a He *JIom; j. oa Baxbesa xonon. Pobhu f. pi. = paenu (npacn. koa BeorpaAa rpotfica npeiaa HOpManHOM cx. rpadcica ( < *gord-bska). CBe Byne na to pa ce cnoBeHCKO AOcejiaBaite Ha jyr OABHjano y paaHa BpeMeHa h H3 pa3HHX npaBaua, H ab je y npBO BpeMe xaMO MOpajia BJiaAaTH npHJiHHHa

’ uiapoJiHKOCT, ca cacBMM eraOTHHHHM AHjaneKaTCKHM eHicnaBaMa xoje cy nocTe- neHO noAJierajie acHMHJiaiiHjH okojihhx roBopa aok ce raje Ao6HJia camca yjeAHaHeHDcTH ca nocTynHHM npejia3HMa Kojy hmsmo Beh oko 1000, rOAHiie.

5 IIIto je tiapoHHTO aHanajHO 3a npoSneM eTHOreHe3e nojeAHHHx jy^KHocnoBeH-

ckhx napOAa, Meby HjHma h Cp6a, cMep je3HHKe m nojiHTHHKe acHMUJiauiije Hfije MOpao 6hth hcth: Malta rpynapnja Morjia je HaMeTHyTH CBoje BobcTBO h

HMe Behoj, npHXBaxajyhH HCTOBpeMeHO men jeaHHKH H3pa3: oho iuto ce acchjio

> ca HOpMaHCKHM PycHMa h TypcKHM ByrapHMa CBaKaKO an ce joui natcuie Aorabajio y Mebyco6HHM oahochmb cjiobchckmx rmeMeHa. .ZJoAaxHH HHHHnau yuatjDHKauHje caobchckhx AHjajieKara Ha EanicaHy Morao je 6htjh AejcxBo npeACJiOBeHCKHX cyncTpaTa, o KojeM Hajowraje CBeAone 6pojHa reorpacjxKa

] MMBHa aHTHHKor nopemia xoja cy Cp6H Ha npocxopy cBOr HacejtaBaiBa npey- 3cjih oa aaroHCHor cTaHOBHHuiTBa. Ha npHMep, HHH>eHima aa je npejia3 Stf > St ochm cpncKOr h 6yrapcKor je3HKa 3ajeAHHHKH pyMyHCKOM mohcc 6hth y Bean ca HfSKaAamh>om nocTojbuHOM PyMyHa y npocxopy H3Meby Cp6a h Eyrapa. H3

cBera oBora cueAH Aa y npBHM BeKOBHMa jkhbota CnoBeHa Ha EanKAHy hhcmo 1 HMBJiH HHKaKaB npabojihhhjckh pa3Boj Ha noAJi03H aohctoj ca CCBepa, Beh,

MHoro npe, MeuiaH>a h CTanaH.a Koje cy ao X Bexa Mor/ia 6htho npeo6pa3HTH

npsoSHTHy je3HHKy, a Taxobe erHHHKy h KyjiTypHy ocHOBHuy csaKOr nojeAH- Hor nneMeHa, na h Cp6a. OHa hht cTapocpncKOr jesnsa Kojy cmo ycnenH pa.

» npocneflHMO oa H>erOBHX HajpaHHjHX cnOMCHHKa c Kpaja XII Bena ao ABecTa- Tpucxa roAHHa CTapwjer OHOMacTHHKOr MaTepHjajia koa nopcjpuporeHHTa He Moxce naM cTora 6hth BOAHJta npH aaJteM cnyurraity y npoumocx Kp03 cnwc

% »0 HapOAHMa” ao VII Bexa h Aocejtetta Cp6a y flajiMauMjy.

112

^UocejBctBe Cp6a no nop^HporeHuxy

nop4)HporeHHTf Kao iiito je noaHaxo, xa^tce rr SajiitaHCKM Cp6n ogthhv or TaK03BaHHX Eeunx CpBa, or jiaBHHHc HacT&h>&hhx y npe^eny EojKM c ohv cxpawy Mabapcxe y cyce^crBy OpaHanKe h Eejie XpsaTCKe. nouiTO cy 6paxa Hacjie^mia oji oqa BJiacx na^ (EejiOM) CpSHjoMj je^an or h>hx ca nona napojia npe6erne poMejcKOM napy HpaKjmjy (BJia^ao 610—641), koJh hx naj~ npe HacTaeH y CepB(ji)HjH jYroaanaznio oa Cojiyna, ho ohii xacnuje GHAyne ce spare y cBOjy aeM-rsy, na hx qap nycra, ajiii nouiTO cy npeuxim flyHas oxict ce npe^OMHCJie h npexo CTpaTera kgjh je xa^a ynpaiutao EeorpaAOM aaMojic uapa Aa hm AOAenH Apyry aeMA-y aa HacejBasaHbe, h oh hx KOHanHO nacejin y Ta^a onycxejiHM npe^eKHMa noxotfee CpSnje, IlaraHHje, SaxyMJta, TpaBynnje « KonaBJia. Hckh y obgm IIopc^HporeHHTOBOM KaaMuatty bmac noya^any hcto^ pHjcKy xpanHUHjy, ApyrH ra oa6aqyjy Kao nmiPieBy xoHcrp yicqHjy, HeMa, na ^cajiocTj caBpeMeHor H3BOpa o AOJiacKy Cp6a na EauxaH, r^e ce ohm Hajpamije noMHH>y xeK 822, y cj}pa haHKHM anajiHMa, Kao HapOA xojn nay3HMa sejiHKH aco ZtajiMaiiqje. IlocToje, MebyroM, m Tor, VII Bexa, ABa nocpeAHa cbcjxohaHCTBa y npHJior nop^HporeHixrOBOj Bepo ao cto]hocth. JeAHO je nHcaite Opeaerapa, KaKO ce Tpa^HqiiOHajiHO oaHaMaea HenosnaTH ayrop cJypananKe xpOHnxe Ha- CTajie H3Meby 640. h-660. roAHHe Her/ie y EypryHAnjix Oh no^ to^hhom 631. npBH noMHH>e noJiancKe Cp6c, mmiylm kbko ce XJepBaH, khc3 cpncxor rnieke- Ha („dux gente Surbiorum”), KOje je caobchckor pOAa h oa paHuje je noxna^ajio nojx 4>paHaHKO KpaibeBCTBO, npemao CaMOHy HaKOH no6e^e CjiOBena iiqa HierOBHM BobcxBOM HaA OpammMa koa BoracTHc6ypra. flepBaHOBO KHeateB- ctbo He MOxce 6hth HHiiiTa Apyro no IIopecJraporeHHTQBa Eejia Cpbnja xoja je, Aajciie, no caspeMeHOM CBeaoHaHCTBy, aancxa nocxojana ner^e H3Meby Jla6e h Cajie y HpaKJinjeBo Aofia, ^yra nocpeAHa noxBpjia FIopt^HporeHHTOBa H3Be- mxaja H3 VII seKa je tiomch xonOHHMa Gordoserba y MajioaanjcKoj Bhthhhjh 680—681. roflUHe. KaKO 3HaMo je Bn3aHTwja npexxo^no nacejnuia y Taj ^eo Majie AjMje CjfOBeHe M3 OKDJiMHe Cojiyna, Meby tiMMa CaryAaxe, HeMa cyMH>e m je Taj rpan noHeo hmc xao CHKJiaBa Cp6a H3 xaMOmtBe CepEJinje, mxo je y ciuiany ca iteHHM noMeaoM h naTiipajHbeM kor nopcJ)HporeHHTa*

CpOCKH H JiyjKHHKH

Bhthhmjckh TunoHHM ca^p^cn h je^an JHanajaH je3nmcH noA^Tax. Cp6n VII Bexa jom cy H3roBapajiw pen gordb y BbenOM npacjioBeHCKOM ofijinxy, ca HeH3BpmeHOM jihkbhahom MeTaxeaOM, R&KSis hh aouhhJh CpDCKH o6jihk Ipad

hh (AOHiO)Jiy?KHHKH grod. To cbmo nOTKpenJi>yje Hauie rope H3Hexe pe3epBe y norJieAy npocybHBarba HCTOpwje cJioBeHCkhx ceo6a na ocHoey aophhjhx Meby- cjioseHCXHX AHjajiexaTCKHX cjihhhocth h pa3JiHxa, h penaTHBMiyje OHaj 3,Kpyn- ckh” apryMenr koJhm ce jom or Jarnha OASauyje Oopt^HporeHuroB H3BeiiiTaj o CpSuwa y ^ajiMaunjH xao nOTOMUMMa npecerbenor Aejia nunancKiix Cp6a: HaiiMc, Aa^Ha cjidbchckom AHjaneKaTCKOM njiaHy cpncxM n Jiy^HHKOcpncKH je3HK cxoje uedMa Aajiexo jenau or apyror. ^[ajLa pejiaTHBH3auHja OBe, ohhto awaXpOHe apryMeHTaqHje, AOJiaaH ca cxpaHe HajHOBJujHX H3y4aBaHba o nopejcny jiy^KHHKocpncKor jeaHKa, xoja cy Haeejxa Ha bhaojto HierOB komtiobhthm xapaK-

113

*

rep. TpyGaHOB cMaTpa m je jiy^KHHKOcpncKM nacTao ^OKiiHueHTajiRaaqHjOM” iertHor zfHjaJieKTa HCTOHHOcjiOBeHCKOr xnna,3 aok IIIycxep-IIIeBu, caraacHO tOMOj npeTnocxaiuLa, y3 noMoft apxeojioniKe eBH^eHqnje, rr cy npBo6HTHa

j CTaHHurra IIpoTO-Jly^KHHaHa Jie^ajia mcxohho or Kapnaxa, o^aicne cy ce ohm Kpo3 Mop^RCKa spaxa (H3Meby KapnaTa h CyACTa) AocejnuiH y Soxcmckh gaceH} Aa 6h ce hqxom o^anAc nocxeneHO noMepajm hhs Jla6y y oGjiacx aana^HO oa ropite ©Ape h Hhcc. Ty cy ce jiy^khmkh Cp6n cyAapHJiH h noMeuia^n ca jicxhxckhm mieMeHHMa HaAHpyhHM ca HCTOKa. PeTyjixax je 6mia

j McixiaBHHa AHjajieKaTCKHX qpxa paxjiHHiTTOr nopeKJia, noceGno y cf)OHOJiorHjH h jieKCHUH. CrpyKTypa AaHamiBHX a y^khhhkqcpncKHX jeaHKa 6h npeMa TOMe noKaaHBajia xparOBe A®ajy n03HHx npacjiOBeHCKHx AHjajieKaTas jeAHor jyroH- cxoHHor h Apyror ceBepo3anaAHor (jiexHxcRor).4 flaiuie, npaBO-HHHHjcKOr jean-

* HKQr paaBHTica Htije 6hao y pano AoSa hh koa nojiancioix xao hh koa EajiKan- ckhx Cp6a, seh cmq m xy h xaMO hmsjih AHjajieKaxcKa Memaiia h acHMunaunje* HpH TaKBOM cxan»y cxsapH ceaico a^jbc jio6njaH.e tbHXOBe exHorenexcKe Beae pasiifiMHTOLuhy ibhxobhx AHjajieitaxa nocTaje GecnpeAMerno,

#

HajcTapnja cpncKO-Jiy?Kti4Ka naorjioca

IIlTaBHiue, a& ce npexnocTaBHXH jeAHa, ajin BpJio HHAHKaxHBHa jeawMKa se3a. Beft je TopSjepecoH nonexKOM BeKa y csojoj MOHOrpat^HjH o cnoBeHCKoj hhkbhahoJ Mexaxeaw yoHHo Aa ce cpncxo hmc peKe JI&6 cboJom hhtoHaunj om cjia^Ke ca jiyyKHHKim hmchom Lobjo Hacynpox hcujkom gGahky Labe h hojl- ckom Laba (a He *Lobef %Lobd), HeMy 6h OArOBapao cpncKH aKiieHax *JM6.5

t Obo sana^Jtaite HHje ao caAa KOpHinheno y AHCKycwjaMa gko cpncKe exHOre- neae, CBaxaKO cxora uixo ce ysMMa Aa cy cpncKH h ceBepHOcjiGBeHCKM XHApo- hum pasjiHHHxor nocxatta, £Iok ce HMe npwtOKe EaimiHKOr MOpa JIa6e? hcm. EfiSecBOAH na shtumkh xhapohhm A Ibis repMancKor, KejixcKOr hjih jeAHOcxaB-

( ho ,jCxapoeBponcKor” nopeioia, yanwa ce Aa ce y cpncKOM Jla6 OApaaHO hckh cjiH^an npeAcuoBencKH HaaHB xe pese. MebyxHM? aa to hcmh noxnpAe: mm He 3H&M0 ksko ce Jla6 3Bao y aHTHUM* Ca Apyre cxpaHe, nonexKOM XIV BeKa 6ejie)KH ce y ropifceM TOKy OBe peKe ABOpan cpncKHX Kpajtesa Bpxna6jef a y ^eniKoj Ha JIa6H nocxojH cxapn rpaA Hcxor HMeea Koje Aanac rjiacn Vrchlabt.

^ ,H,BOCTpyKa nOAVA^pHOcx HMena peKe h rpaAa Ha Htoj, cpn. JIa6 — BpxAaGjes ces. Labe — Vrchlabt yKaayje Ha MorytiHoex npenoca ca jeAHor Mecxa Ha Apyro, h to ca cesepa, tac xhapohhm hm& cbo] noxepbeH anxHHKH KOpen^y jyroMCTO- xho norpaHHHje npeAHeMaifeMhice Cp6Hje.6 rioAVA^paHje je join Behe axo ce Y3Me y o63Hp HajpaHtfjH 3anHc HMena Jla6 Kao xcyne koa flyKJBaHHHa Labia (y

i TeKcxy norpeuiHO lapia), Kojn yKaayje na npBoGnxHy i- ocnOBy XMApOHHMa xaKBy mmemo m y jiy^K* Lobjo, neiu. Labe or Albis* HaKiie, aKO cmo y npaBy,

3 O. Hh TpyGanea: O npacsiQ&ftHcfcux sieKcunectaiK duajieKmusAtax c€p6Q-/iy^icuiiKux fi3bfKOot Ciep6o-jiy3%cw(KUU /iUHBeucmuHecKUU cOopmiK, Mockb^, AH CCCPT 1963, CTp. 154—172.

3 ty 4 H. Schuster-Sewe: Die AusgUederung der westslawischen Spmchen aus dem Umlawischen mit besonderer Beriicksichrigung des Sorbischen, y: L?topis Jnstituta za serbski ludospyt A 29 (1982) 2, CTp. 113-140,

5 T. Torbiomsson: Die gemeinslavische Liquida-metathese, I, Uppsala 1901, ctp. 69. Yn+ Moj rope (nant 2) HaBeaenn pan y Die Welt der Slavcn, crp. 111a,

114

iinaK nocTojn je/iaH cpncKO-JiyjfCHHKH flujaneicTHaaM, jegaH ajiH Bpeflan, jep je reorpa<J)CKH boom a HHflHKaTHEaH: HMe pece JIa6e, Kao cBeflonaHCTBO fla cy ce Cp6H Ha EajncaH aaHCTa gocejiHJiH ms riojiaGiba, rae cy npe ceo6c 6hjih jefln0 ca npeywMa fl.aHauiH.nx JlyacHHKHX Cp6a,

Jy 3KH OCJ1OBGHCK0—3S n aUHOCJIO B0HCKC H3 OH HM lij e

Cjiynaj JTa6a imje ycaMJi>eH: na jy^ocjioBeHCKOM npocropy nao ce yexa- hobkth mxraB HH3 reorpatjrcKHX MMena ca aHaJiornjaMa Ha chobchckom cese- py? npBeHCTBeHO y ropibHM ciiHBOBHMa Jla6e, Onpe h Bhcjic. HapaBHQ* na 6hcmo jenno reorpacJjcKO HMe npomacnjiH npeHeceHHM ca hckof npyror MecTa rae My HaaaaHMO aHajiorujy noTpeSno je 3aAOBQJBtrrH BeoMa cTpore KpHTepnje BepoBaxHohe. Hwe Mopa na o6e cxpaHc 6hth pejiaxHBHQ pano aaSejieTiceHOj ihto 6iiH3Ke BpcMeHy npexnocTaBJBeHor npenoca. Mopajy ce HCKJttyHHTH HJIH y HajMaB>Y pyKY QCTaBHXM no CTpaHH KHO MaJIO BepOBaTHe MOryhHOCiH paanHHHTor nopeiaia oBa caaBynwa HMena hjth h>hxobc 3aje^HH- hkc anejiaxuBHe 3acHOBBHOcxH, y ohom cmhcjiy Y KojeM cy o6hhhh cjidbchckh totiohhmh Kao Jejepo, Upua Popa, Fquikq&o HacTajajiw HeaasHcHO Ha p&3hhm cxpanana cjiOBeHCKor ceexa. Kao HHAHKaTHBHe 3a npeHOc ocxajy caivto bhcokq cneiXHcJ)HHHe aHajiornje? rue hmc he* Jczihom Mecxy hms noxspbeHO HccjioEeH- cko, cyncTpaTHO nopeicno (hito je cjiynaj ca xhapoiihmgm JIa6a\ hjih Bap npencxaBJta apxaHHHy h bhcoko cneijHtf^^Y cjioeeHCKy cJxjpMauHjy KaKBa ce ne cpefte na TpeheM MecTy (nnp. PodHueap : nem. Hostivar). noceBHO cmq Ha cwrypHOM TJiy xaMQ rue ycneBaMO Hahn abb h bhluc hmche rpynHcaiiHx Ha peJiaTHBHO ycKOM npocxopy ca cjihhho KOHU.eHTpHcaHHM ceBepHHM aHajiorHja- Mas Hnp* Kaaa ca xHnpoHHMHMa Ocfco&a h Batfemuna y ncxoHHoj Eochh y cjiHBy Cnpene yiiopenHMG HMe peKe Oshava h Mecxa Vacetln y ropn^oj Mopaa- CKOj, xaKObe HeaajxeKO Jcaho on /ipyror (npHTOM je Vacetm cTapH cjiOBencKH tohohhm, a Oshava ce cMarpa cyncxpaxHHM, npenciioBeHCKHM xhapohhmom). KoaTBKBHX BHHiecTpyKHXj BeaaHHX npeHOca, xe?*cHHa ceaKor nojeaHHor no/iy- napan-a Ana HMena mho^kh ce 6pojeM ocTajinx h y 36wpy hbm OMOryhasa aocxa noys^ane aaKJbyHKe. TTohito cmo jiatoie ojiycrajiH on ynoTpeBe nHj aneKaTOKHX cjihhhocth hjih paajiHKB — H30rJioca y p03MaxpaHjy Bese H3Meby ceBepHHX h jy^CHHX CpBa, CMaTpajytlM na cy one y BenHKoj BehHHH h Ha jennOM h Ha npyTOM nonpyHjy no3HHje on BpeMena npeTnocTaBJteHor exHii^Kor jenHHCTBBj a nu6pHM neiioM csaKaKo h ceKynnapnc, yrojiHKO aehy BaacHOCT npnnajeMO obhm TonOHOMtacTHHKMM ce3aMa, HaoHHMHjaMa, ocoBhto Kana ce jaBJbajy ycno- nJBene, yBebenH A* TEKae jenaH cnon ononeBa cyny KpHTHHKor nyxa Kojn 6h nojenHHe hmchckc nonynapHOcxH yaexe csaKa 3a ce6e Morao noBecTH y rorra-

Eojkh H EojMH

Bhcoko hhahKaTHBaH je oBnacHH Ha3HB Eojuuja h xhapohhm EojMiafa na ABa Mecxa y MaKenOHHjH cesepHO oa CoayHa. flawac ce paajjHKyjy oSjiacTH Topifca EojMHja, hcdoa ,HeMHp Karinje, H3Meby nanHHa Ko^y^a, FpanemKe

115

HHHe, nJiayma h EeJiacniie, Koja oSyxBaxa h cjihb hctohmchc pexe, h hctohho oh MerjieHCKHX ruiaHnna, on na^HHa ruiannHe Hajax ho

Bapnapa> Kpos Kojy npoinne peKa EojMima 35 km. nyra> h ynwaa ce c necHe ’ cTpaHe y Bapnap koh cena ^ataGoBa. 5Kyny Eojmu, EojMuja noMHH>y seh

cnncKH n rpHKH H3BopH XIV bcks. HMena EojMuja, Eojum^a cbh cTpy^ttauH koih cy ho cana o H>Hwa nwcajin, yKJByHyjyhii flypHnanOBa koJh je o6panHu uejioxynHy xhhpOHHMHjy sapnapcxor cjiHaa,7 hobuhc y a^y ca HexanamifcHM

? na^HBOM Hemxe Bo(h)emta, oh anx. Boiohaemum. Taj na3HB repMaecxor nopex- jia y 3HaHeH*y HeKananitte TepHTOpnje xenTcxor nneMena Eoja? xojw cy ce oflanae HcejiHjm noTKpaj crape epe ocjioSabajyftn npocTOp MapKGMaHHMa, ncmunje cy CfTOBeHH nponpeBinn Ha nonpYHje naHamite Mernxe npeyaejiH oh

i FepMaHa, TaKO Ha Ha hcuikom TJiy HMaMQ TonoHHMe Bojmici, BojmanL Ynpxoc yoneHOM je3HHKOM nopexjry, npHcycTBO OBOr Haanea Ha cjiobchckom jyry ho cana HHje ho6hjio aanoBoibaBajyhe HCTOpHjcxo oSjauurteHje, hhth je ynoxpeB- ibeHO y pacBemaBart>y npo6neMaTHKe cpncxe ceo6e> Haxo cy7 ca npyre CTpaHe, SpojHH HHTepnpeTaTOpH IIop^HporeHHTa ckjiohh na HMa Kpaja onaxiie cy ce

* oo ibcmy Cp6n hocchhjih Boiki nonpaue y Boimi, ^eiiixa', SynyftH Ha Hjgfob reorpacj^CKH onuc ceeepHe cpncxe noerojOuHe onroaapa ynpaso Memxoj, a na je c npyre cTpane aaMeaa cjicsa kum y rpnxGM nncMy oHor epeMeHa obHHHa nojaBa. Axo npHXBaTHMO Ty cawy no ce6n BepOBaxHy eMeHnauHjy, xeuiKO mo^kcmo oHOJieTH HCKyiiieHby na y MaxenoHCKOj EojMHjH BHHHMO napajiejjaH

1 ciiyraj ca reorpacjDCKK Ojihcxom Cep6(ji)njoM y ocojy OjiHMna; paHy cpncKy eHKiiaBy Ha rpnxoM TJiy, hhjc je jiOKajiHO npenaiBe Taxobe motjio nocjiyacHTH Kao jenaa oh H3Bopa aa H3Bemxaj o nocen>eH>y Cp6a koh IIopc|)HporeBHTa.

i

3aonapje y noBapnapjy, nojia6ji>e y noHpHMJBy...

Ceuepeo oh obhx xpajeea najiaaHMo nar^a reorpac^cxa HMeHa xoja OMory- hyjy noBJianette cjihhho ycMepeHHx H3GHHmckhx eeonoBa npeMa cuoseHCKOM ceBepy. Herne y jyroaanaHHoj MaKeHOHHjn 3a6ene^eH je 1019. to no hum 3aodpujet HHOHTHMaH noibCKOM Zaodrze Kojn 03HanaBa npcneo y ManonoJBexoj aa pexoM OnpOM, naKJie BepOBaxHO oneT jenno ca eeitepa npeneceno h reo-

5 rpacJ)CKH bhcoko HHHHxaTHBHO hm6 5xyne. MHO>xHHy xHHpoHHMa Odpa npene- Ty GHHexyn H3 cjihb a oae pexe HMaMO BeposaTHO y TonoHHMy Odpu y hohjcm HoJiory, nocBeHOHeHOM on XIV b.* xojn, xao h nernKO HMe MecTa Odry Ha ropHieM TOxy Onpe Y ULiecKoj, npeHcxaBJBa cxapti hshhh oaHanaBaHia cTanOB- HHKa nopenja miypajiHHM o6jihkom HMena pexe, xao ctch. y 5Khboty Cb.

1 MexOHHja Vhli, vb Vislehi> „BncnaHH’\ cTapocpncxH naaHBH ^xyria Jadpu, y Jadptxb 3a o6jiacT xoja je o6yxBaTajm h MaHacxHp Fany na flpHHH, Mopaeuife, Bph3Hupef CtHiUfe, Thk y3 Onpe je ceno Edoapne, 1348. JadompHu ca excxinf- 3hbhom napajiejiOM y hcuikom Sedovary, xaxee HMajy h totiohhmh y ropn.eM

i nojiory Todumap m Bdytte, o6a noanaxa oh cpeniter Bexa7 y hcuikhm hmchh- Ma Mecxa Hostimr h Zdoun. Hue jennor oh oojlckhx rnieMena Lfjrb, Lqsi, xoje je y pycxoM y o6jiHxy amcu nocxajio ontaxM HB3HB nojtaxe, xpnje nsmena y

i 7 I. Duridanov, Die Hydmnymie des Varda^iems ats Gesdiichtsquelle, Koln/Wien 1975, cip, 270 A-

116

ce6n tooomhm JleuioK koji TexOBa, y cpenH>oBeKOBHHM H3BopHMa rpa^ JlkiubCich wimllmuhCKby Hwje pyuieutiHe Hapo/iaoBe w JlebaH-lpad, a JJebauu < Lgdjane ,ct a ho bhui ih JiCAHHa' je nyn o6jihk hctof naansa on Kora je L%si > ASICU XMnOKOpHCTHK. C OHy CjpaHy BCHLEa IIIap-IUiaHHHe, HMC Cp££H>OBeKOBHe >Kyne na hjchhm ocoJhhm naaHHaMa ja, on EtpHapeua Ouosbe, xaicobe paHo nocBejtOHCHOj noicnana ce ca HMeHOM cxapor rpa^a h nJieMena Opole y jy^KHoj nojfcCKOj na OijpH He cano y rjiacosHOM cQuincy Hero, KaKo je to Beh aana^jce- ho, h y napo^HOj npHHH kojom ce xyMaHH iteroBo nocTafte. H ea hmc cejia y Onojty Epodocaeife eeh je yKaaano Kao na jenHHy napajiejiy neuiKOM xonoHH- My Brodeslavy Ha qeiioM cjioBeHCKOM lipocxopy. Hekanainifce ccjio IJo&luicko y KJJMcypn EncTpHue bhihg HpHapeHa, noanaTO H3 aarmea XIV—XVI Beica, HMa je^HHOr HMeH^aKa y nojbCKOM Mecxy Povidlsco y IILnecitoj, xaico 1223, nanac Powidzsho; a o6jih>kh>h toitohhm UbiuufaHe, 3a6ejie?KcH caMO y CBeToapxanbe- JlOBCKOj nOBCXbH, MO^Ce Ce CXBaTHTH Kao 03HaKa CTailOBHHKa nocej^emix ca OnpHHe npHTOKe Pszczyne, Y ceBepnoj MeTOXHjH, cTapoM XsocHy, Koje Beft cnana y npBoSuTHe cpncice oBjiacxH na BajiKany, 2KHHita noBejta nopea cejia Jlad/banu itoje mo?kc 6hth Hacejte nocejBeHHKa ca JIa6e, arm h ca HenajieKor Jla6a, Sene^KH TOnoHHMe Tpe6oeuumhuy Shyutomaeu, JJpewHwe Kaoe cpefte- mo jom je^HHO y Heimtoj: Trebovgtice, Litohlavyr Drsnik. JXeHami, ceno y KojeM je Kpanb CTec^aH HeMaitHh KpajeM Tpefte aeueHwje XIV uetca noneo rpa^HXH CBojy rpoGtry npicBy, no Kojoj he ra HCTOpwja aanaMTHTH Kao flenaHCKor, no cBoj npMJiHUH je noHeJio npeneceno hmc jennor npBo6HTHO Jxy^CHHKOcpncKor — a j^ouHHje, on IX B,, CTapoHeiiiKOr — rnieivieHa Decany; Koje je ?KHBeiTO y nan. ceBepnoj Memitoj, na jxccHoj o6ajin Jla6e oko rpana Decina.

HaOHHMHja H HSOHOMHja

Ca obhm reorpacj^GKHM aana^anuHMa npeiuiHhy ce OHa KyjiTypHOHCTopHj" ckof Kapascrepa. TaKO hmc ruiaHHHe Koa flenaHa, y xpneoByibH Yjezdua, aaHac Vje3Ma, npejacTaBJBa jenHHO jaBJbaFbe TepMHHa yjesd Ha cjiobchckom jyry. Taj tepMHH oaHanaBa noTBpay noce^a BJiacnnKy on cxpane BJianapa hjih Hieroaor onynoMoheHHKa ko]h ra OMebn oBjeanHBiiiH ra na KOtty. OSunaj je repwaH- CKor nopeioia, a Meby Cjiobchc ce iunpHO ca aanana npeMa HcxOKy; y HeniKoj je nOTBpbeH xeK on nonoBHiie XI aeKa, y IIInecKOj h MajionorbCKoj Heiuto KacHHje. Y VII Deity xaj oSw^aj h TepMHH MOrnw cy nocTojaxH cemo Kon HajaanaflHHjHX CiioseHa Kojn cy 6hjih y HajxeinHieM KOHraKTy ca TepMaHUMa, TBKO n& nopen HMena JfenaHU h oaaj xonoHOMacTHHKM Hajm3 Ha cboj na^HH yKa3yje na nocejkaBaite y aananny MexoxHjy H3 HojiaSita. CaM xepMHH polje ko]h Jie?KH y ochobh iiOMeHyTOM TonoHKMy Ouo/he kapaKTepucTHHan je 3a 3ananHOCJiOBeHCKy nJieMencKy opraHH3auHjy, V obom norjieny je ocoohto aHaHajno jlqto ce Kpoa HaBenene HaOHHMHje noxBpbyje jenna scoMa Ba^KHa „H3OH0MHja'’ Koja cnaja cnoaencKH jyroaanan ca ceBepoaananoM: pen je o xepHTOpHjajiHoj noneJiH Ha ?Kyne h ycTaHOBH ?KynaHa. One cy caojcTBeHe Cp6HMa h XpsaTHMa y cpeniteM aeKy, a on ocrajinx cjiQBeHCKHx Hapon^ nOTBpbcHe cy join cawo KOn nonancKHx Cp6a (supani 1181. KonHajieMHHaua). Xlo6ap nco HaaHBa aa Koje cmo npeTnocTaBHJin cy V ceo6n npeneceHH na jyr

117 +

n3B0pHQ 03HBHtaBa >Kyne h H^HXOBe cTaHOBHHKe: 3aodpujet Odpu, OuoA>e;, [jfuiiuane> /Jenanu h Ap. TaKobe h Mwe peKe JIa6> kbo h mhqfh Apyrn ximpo-

} hb cpncKOM TJiy, ozt Hajpanujer BpeMeHa anaHM h ^yny, npn neMy oahqc

Jla6 (pcica H ^Yna) : Bpx/ia6je (mccto) npeMa nemKOM Labe (peica) : Vrchlabi (Mecxo) o^pa^caea KapaKxepHCTHHHy ahxotomhjy Kojy je y cxpyKTypH cxapo- cpnc^e 5Kyne ycTanoBHo join CtoJah HoeaKOBwh. CeaKa ce, HauMe, Etyna ^eJiHJia hb >Kyny y y^KeM CMHcjiy, Koja je oSyxBaxajia ceocKa nacejnba, h rpaA

i Kao ynpaBHO cpeiiHiuxe ^cyne, 3aHHMJtHBO je Aa ce xaj npnHunn opraHHaaunje $ ycxaHOBHTH koa HajpaHHjnx cpncioix enioiaBa na jyry, y TpHKOj h y Majioj A3Hjw3 Kojc cy, cxoaho cbom eKCTpaxcpHTopHjajiHOM KapaKxepy, o3HaneHe caMHM lUJeMeHCKHM HM6H0M, Tbko ce Nsecxo y BuxHiiHjH Koje ce KpajeM VII b.

f 30ajio jCpncjcH rpaA1 — Gordoserba y aouhhJhm HaaopHMa Haanea Serbochotion, urro 6n ce Morjio npeaecTH xao ,cpncKa Kyna\ BepOBRXHO je Ha cjinnaH HanHH 6nna opra hh30bbh a CepBHja no a OniiMnoM, Kao >Kyna ca rpaacKHM cpejiHm- reM, MO^ma Ha Mecry AOHHHje, y XIII b. noAHXHyxe xBpbase nnje pymeBHHe h

,, AaHac cxoje y KJiaHuy OAaioie cy neKan KOHXpojincajie nyx EHTom—JIapHca* CxenTHUHaaM HCTOpHHapa kqjh cyMHbajy y nopc[}HporeHHT0B0 KaaHBatbc a& cc Heo je^aH napOA MOrao cmccxhth y xy Majiy oojiacx MO^tce ce y6jia?KHXH npernocxaBKOM Aa je to 6njra ca^o je^Ha oa cprrcjcnx eHKJiaBa y ceeepHoj rmipg- HeAajieico OA H>e, na peun MorjieHHun (XanHaKMOHy) hmb jom jenaH

i CepBOXOpHOH, rAe rpiKa pen chorion Kao h y BhthhhJh npeBQAH caobchcky dicyua, a Huey ,AaAeKO hh abc EojMHje. Kaico je ycTBHOBa ^ftyne noyBAano pamja oa paajiaaa ceBepHHX h jy^khhx Cp6a? ona cc MOrjia OApaanTH y npoue- cy ceo6a najnpe raxo, ihto je ctbhobhhujtbo H3 jeAHe ^cyne ^hhhjio KOMnaKT- uy rpynaHHjy npH HacejtaBaHjy y hobb CTaHHiiixa, To je ApyuiTBeHoncxopHj- ckh OKBHp y KojeM je AOJiaBHJio ao npeHOca xonOHHMa, h to npe cBera HMeHa ^cyne h HjeHor rpaACKor cpeAHUixa, xj, yrBpbeHja Koje je >KymiiaHHM:a cjry^KH- jio kbo iipH6e^cHiine y cjiy^ajy HenpnjaxejbCKOr HanaAa.

i .

CeBepoaanaAHH thhobh y cpncKpj ojKOHHMHjH

i H30HHMHja ca cjiobchckhm ceBcpo^anaaow HHje, napaBHOj orpaHHHeHa wa noMeHyTe jy?KHe oSjiacTH, seh je y bcjihkoj MepH npucyTHa h Ha jearpenoM cpncKOM h xpeaxcKOM noApyHjy. HitycTpaHHje p&ah HaseAHMO HMe cejia Ouaee y H6py7 noispbeHO oa XIV b^ ihto 6h 6wjia MHo^cHHa rope naBeAenor thha Odpu oa neiuKor XHApOHHMa Opavat KOjn je BepoeaxHO npeACJioBeHCKor no-

*j peicaaj hah HewoAtyd, Aanac ceoue y Xepuerobhhm, noMenyxo join koa flop- 4)HporeHHia Kao jeAan oa ipaByHHjcKMx rpaAOBa {„ZetUber')^ ca jeAHHCTBenoM napajienoM y hcuikom Cetoliby. HMena icao Kpcviyuu y Eochh3 Tyneuu koa MaKapcKe, Knadopy6u Ha bhhic wccxa. Jlwcodpa y aanaAHOj CpbHjH h Apyra

j npeACTaajtajy BpAO apxaHHaH tho tbb. ojKOHHMa, eaaHBa Hacerba no naceA>eiiH- UHMa, Ao6pHM a^aom BeaaH aa KpHette h ocsajaH^e obpaAHBHX noBpmMHa? a wa cjiOBeHCKOM ruiaHy Beoivra aacTyniteH y 4emKoj h na neicaAamb>bm ay?khhko- cpncKOM npocTOpy, Ma^e y HoJtcKOj, cacBHM hckapaKTepHcthnah KaKO 3a

1 HcxoMHe CjioseHe, xaKO h 3a SyrapcKO-MaKeAOHCKy TonoHHMujy,

118

WaoHHMHje Kao xparOBH paHHX pacejaita

flOK Hac OB3KBH HaJia3H y npBo6HTHHM CpHCKHM H XpBETCKHM 3CMJBZiMa ft He H3HeHafeyjy? c o63HpOM Ha HCTOpujcKH nocueao^eno jjocejtaaaite y HjHx ca cjiOBeHcicor ceBeposanana, T€3tce je npoxyMa *iHXti HaBeneHe H3QHHMCKe chgiio

Be koJh ce ca xepHxopHja anxHHKHx oSjiacTH MaKenOHnje h /InpnaHHje aanan-

ho on oce Bapnap—Jy?KHa Mopasa npyncajY npeMa HeuiKOj, jy^noj OojBCKoj H HCTOHHOJ HeMaHKOj* OcHM rOpH>er nonpHMJBa, QHH CC He nOTMMy HajpaHH’ jhx cxaHHiUTa KOMnaKTHe cpncxe Mace Ha TJiy aHXHHKe npOBMKUHje flajiMauH- je, a HnaK 6h cc peiaio na MOpajy hmsth Beae ca HacejtaBatBeM Cp6a na EajiKaH, IIpoSjieM ce peniaBa bko ce hmb y suny HHJHbeHHua m cy CpSn, a BepOBaTHO h XpnaxH, y ceBepnoj nocxoj6HHH cxajajiH na nejiHMa mieMeHCKftx caaeaa, xaxo na je h ceo6a jenHor cpncKor BOba na jyr nopen no6por nena hleroBMX carmeMeHHKa Morjia nosybn aa co6om h npyra mieMeHa h ponoBe H3 xor nena Eapone. Ho nop4>HporeHHxy, cpncica wapmpyxa on ^ynaBa no ErejcKor Mopa Bonnna je — csaKaKO h y nonacKy Kao h y nOKymajy nOBpaTKa — noJiHHaMa Mopase h Bapnapa, Uop4>HporeHMT npaxn cawo Kpexaite mas- HHHe Hapon^j OKyimeHe oko npenBOnHHita eeoSe, cpncKor ^pxoHTa”, ho mh

MO^ceMO aaMHcjmTH na cy ce y 06a naBpaxa on tc Mace onsajajie nojenHHe rpynauHj'e h aaycTaRJBajie y o&nacxHMa noronHHM 3a HacejtaBatBe, rne je Beh mofjio 6hth cjiOReHCKor >KHBJba nocejfceHor y npBOM xanacy, HascneHH Tono- hhmh y 3ananHoj ManenoHHjH npencTaBjtajiH 6h xpar thx ceBepo3ananHHx eHKJiaBa Ha jenHOM TJiy Koje je MOacna Beh y TpeHyrKy HbwxOBQr npHcneha 6hjio y norjieny nnjajieKaxcKe npHnajmocTH HcTOHHojy^BQCJiOBeHCKO, turn je xo reic HMano nocTaxH tokom nonnuje 6yrapcKe noMHiiaunje,

PejiHKTHa TOnorpa4>Hja cpncKe ennice

FIoptjDHporeHHTOBa Bepaw] a o nocejrbexby Cpoa Ha EaiiKan He Hajia3M

xonoHOMacxHHKe norspne cbmo Ha Tepeny, Hero, KaKO OpexnocxaBJBaM, h y

Haponnoj hccmh. no3Hax je cjrynaj Jleban-ipada, kojh nysa ycnOMeny ea jenno

nneMe ca hcxohhocnosencko-aanannocjiobchckor norpaHHHja: To cy Lqdjane, Lenzanenoi xon nop^HporeHHTa, Lendizi EaBapCKor reorpa^a, HHje hmc Pycn

(y o6jihky XKiiOKOpHCTHKa siftcu) h M aba pH (y oBjihky Lengyel npeyaexoM on

Cp6a) KOpHcre Kao omiiTH HaaHB sa noxbaxe, Omhto je obo njieMe cf)HrypHpa"

no y cpncKHM encKHM iiecMawa join npe ceofie Ha EanxaH; MOryfii nannan y

pycKHM OHJiHHaMa npencTaBJta My, 6ea o63Hpa Ha 4>0HeTCKe TeiUKotie, rpan

JledeHeif. BeoMa saHHMJBHBe xonorpac}>CKe non^TKe canp^cn ByKOBa necMa (IT

N° 54) o >KeHHn6H Tonopa JaKinuba, 3a6ejie3xeHa on TernaHa IlQnpyroBHha,

tfceH canp>Kaj je Bpjio apxaHHan h nocxa aepno TpaHcnOHyje jenaH npeBHH

6ajiTOCJiOBeHCKH mht aaon^HyT y nceynoHCTOpHjcKO pyxo, Te ce moecc yaera

na cy Cp6n onrOBapajyhn encxn cn^ce 3Hajin join y npanocxojSnHH, paayMe ce

npHrmcaH npyrHM jTHHHocxHMa. Y no Hac nocnenoj BcpanjH pen je o Tonopy

JaKimihy kojh je HcnpocHO Kbep SynHMCKor Kpajta, ajth My je npenpocw neicH

HsaH SBnjeanHh on „rpan^ 3BHje3ne,? kojh mckh Tonopone cRaxOBe ,rna Bonn Tpyuiimu”. HHje mh noanaxa npyra peKa Tor HMeHa ochm necne npHTOKe

ropw.e Jla6e y jyrOHCTOHHoj HeuiKOj, Kojy noMH^e Ko3Ma npaiuKH Beh 1110,

a nanac joj HMe rnacH Troiina. Kon IlonpyroBHha Tpyujima je nocxajia npnxoKa ;

119

4

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v npBno9toj6HHH Kao .aancKa BejniKa pcKa ea jyry 6ho OMKJBeHa nosopHHua r ^er&H^3pHK(X 36nBaH.a — He Ha jyr, Hero na ceBepoaana^j y rnieMeHCKy oSjiaeT

nojiancfCHX Cp6a, npeKO MopascKe Ha roptby JIa6y h TpyxHHy. Ejinay ropH,er tokb JIa6e H3BHpe peKa Qoeis Hwje jiysKHHKo hmc Gvezda o^rosapa cpncKOM 3duje3&&' fla ce OBaj npajiaBHH cfdkc ca cuojOM npeKO xnjxaAy roAHiia cxapoM Tonorpa^HjOM Bejice y XVI eeKy 6am 3a 6pahy JaKinufie HHje Mopao 6hth

7 jjpecy^aH reorpatjxKH MOMeHaT — HHH>eHHqa j\a ce ibnxOBa ncxopujcKa rc- jtbthoct o^Bujaiia he hgkom aa Cp6e c osy cxpany flyHasa h CaBe itajieKOM ceecpy. Mothb asojHue 6pahe KOja AeJie OHeBHHy h npHTOM ce cnope, xao je^an 04 ueHTpajiHHx y uHKJiycy JaianHfia, mo^kab je cemo HeKa Bpcxa „o6ho™

f BeJJ hjih ^peKOHKpeiMaauHje” cpncKe encice jjereHAe KOja je aomjia rq H3pa:>Ka- ja h y nopc^HporeHHTOBY KasHBaity, a hhjh cy hpbo6hthh jyHauH MOrjm 6hth ynpaBO OHa abe cmta BJiaaapa Eejie CpGwje y opsoj iiojiobhhh VII seKa KOja cy ce no oneBoj cMpTH cyicoGHAa, ihto je peayJiTHpajio oacejteH>ew jeAHor or h>hx ca noJiOBHHOM HapOfla Ha jyr. Anajioruja je Gnua yxoJiHKO seha, urro cy h

j JaKinuftH bgahah jeany ceo6y napo^a H3 CpGtije y Yrapcxy, KOja ce 36or csoje Mac obh 0 cth ayro naMTHJia.

3aKJI>yHaK O nOp4>HpOr&HHTOBOj BepOjpCTOjHQCTH 1

Ham aaiOLyHaK je aa Tpaanunja 0 AOeejbeH>y Cp6a y ^ajiMauHjy y VII Betty Kojy rrpenocH HopcJ)iiporchht y ochobh OAroaapa hcthhhl Mo;>*ce ce

) yaeTH m cy nopcfjHporeHHTy nope# ©BeHTyajiHHX nncanux ^OKyMeuaxa h ycMeHHx caomureH*a HiiaHO&a cpncKe BJia/japcite Kyfie kojh cy? xao Ha npHMep KH63iceBnh 3axapnja npHSHCJiajiHh, GopaBHim na uapHrpaACKOM ABOpy, nocpe- Aan H3BOp 6nJia npejaaita cppcKwx eHiaiaea ha rpHKOM TJiy h cpncKe encste necMe, OBAauutH Cp6n cy aancTa noxoMqH noJiaGcKHx, Heicajota Moftne h

i GBSKaKO on paHOr ao6a xeTeporeHe njieMencKe rpynaunje Ha cjiOBeHCKOM ceBep03ana,ay hhJh ce jico y VII BeKy aoccjiho na EajiKaH. Taj apyrH Tajiac cjiOBeHQKe ceo6e Ha jyr? y KojeM cy ys Cp6e BOAeGy yjiory hmejih h XpoaTH;, saxBaTHO je, KaKO Hariie^a, anaxHe Mace cxaHOBHmnxBa na iHHpoKOM npocTopy H3Meby Cajie h Bncjie.

CeBepo3ananHH h cesepohctohhh Cp6w

Tparanbe aa jom aySibOM npomjiouihy Cp6a cyOHEBa Hac ca join MHOro 1 BehHM HeH3BecHOcxHMa, nonexKOM VII Beica hmxmo hx Kao join jeahHCTBeny

rpynaqHjy y nojiaGjby, rAe no carjiacHHM MHimobeH^HMa Ope^erapa m nopt^H- poreHHra HHcy 6hjih oa cxopa. <I>paHaHKH xpoHHHap Ka>Ke Aa cy ohh Beh OAaBHO (iam olem) Shjih y BaaajiHOM oanocy npeMa OpaHiXHMa, a pOMejcKH uap

j v&K, Aa cy EejiH Cp6H xaMO KHBeAH OA hckoHa (ap’arkhes), Moryhy noTBpAy HiHXOBor npHcycxsa Ha JTb6h y npexxOAHOM, VT cTOJTehy npy^Ka aethhckh nHcaq BuGnje CeKBecxep noMHityllH Ha aecHoj oGajiti JlaGe npewa CfieBHMa inieMe Cervetii, Kojc je BeposaxHO hrchtwhho ca aouhhjom cpncKOM 5KynoM

t Cieivisti) new, Zerbst. fla ah cy Cp6n h iiohhkah Kao HapOA na tom nOApy^jy,

120

me no npBH nyr crynajy na noaopHMqy HCTOpwje? Heioi MMoie jeey, Kao nojfcCKH cjiaeHCT Hajiena Kojn h^hxobo rmeMeHCKO Ha3BaH>e h3bo^h ro HMena jcjiHe npHTOKe Cajie Zurba,8 Ho c #pyre CTpane, bh^cjih cmo} HajHOBHja Hcipa^

Jiy^CHHKOcpncKHX ^HjaiieicaTa H3HOce na KHJiejio h>hxob K0MH03HThh Kapaitrep, y tom cMHCJiy hito nopea npeoBJiabyjyhnx aana^nocjioceiicKHx upxa Ha^sajajy je^ny hctohhy mjth jyroiicTOMHy KOMnoHeHry, Koja Mopa 6hth bco- Ma crapa jep HHje Monia HacTaTH y KOHraKxy ca okojihhm mcuikhm, hoj^ckhm h nOJiancKHM roBQpHMa* KapaKTepHcxHHHO je, na npuMep, BepoeaTHO Hajcia^ pHja cjiOBeHCKa Haorjioca, ynpomheH>e rpyna tlfdl Ha hctoky h jyry h j±hxobo 4yfiatfce Ha saira/iy* npoTHBHO reorpac|>cKoj jiofhuh, npeceqa jiy?KHHKO nojspy, nje Kao najaana^HHjy 0£ cbhx cjiOBeHCKHX oSjiacTH, lHTaBHiue} BepoaaTHu KOHTHHyHTeT CervettI = *Chrvitji > Cbrvisti (aafienexteno Cicrvisti h cjl) npeTno- cxaBJBa rjiacoBHH paasoj rpyne iuj KaxaB Hajia3HMo caMO y HcroHHojyjKHocjio- BeHCKOM H K3KBOM HeMS Tpara y 40UHHJHM CJIOBeHCKHM 4njajieKTHMa OBOr noflpyHja. (Jyro)ncTOiHa KOMnoHeHxa jiy>KHHKOcpncKor y no-rnynoM sanaa- HocjioBeHCKOM OKpyjKjy xyMaHH ce paHOM MHrpamijOM HeKOr cjiOBeHCKOr iuieMeHa Ha 3anafl y flHjajienaTCKH pa3JWHMTy cpe/^Hy. TlpHroBop 4a ce eiHO- hhm CpOu He cpehe na cjiobchckom HCTOKy OTnaaa: oh ce TaMO cpehe, h to flocra paHO, KO4 nop4»rporeHHTa, koJh Mefoy HCTOHHOCjiOBeHCKHM njieMeHHMa Se/iesKH h Seribioi „Cp6jH”. IIInpOKO je npnxnaheHa nonpaBKa xor 3annca y. Seberioi ,CeBepjaHn’, jep ce HaBOaHO ruieMe TOra nwena nnane He noMnite na cTapopycKOM npocTOpy. Ta nonpaBKa He 6h MOma 6hth 4pyraHnje npocybeHa Hero Kao npoHSBOJBHa 44K h m je HaBe^eHO o6pa3Jio;KeHje xanHO, a oho to HHje. HaHMe, hctohhocjiobchcKe Cp6e hexeacH jom jejaH ayrop, noptjiHpore- HHTOB caspeMeHHK. Pen je o apancKOM nncuy Macy^jy (A1 Mas’udi) ko]h Mefty cjioaeHCKHM njieMeHHMa HasoflH Hapofl no HMeny Surbln, npOTHBCTaBJBa- jyhH ra ocxajiHM CnOBeHHMa KOjn ra ce, no H>erOBHM penMMa, 6oje; to He MOry 6hth hh noJiancKH hh 6ajiKaHCKH Cp6n, jep noMeHyTH Hapofl Macynn H3pHHH- to JiouHpa Ha hctok h npHnncyje My cacBHM eraOTHHHe naraiicxe o6nHaje, KOje nopcjin ca hhahjckhm. Hajnpe ce ca thm hctohhhm CpbHMa moskb flose- cth y Beay nHcaH>e HeuiTO cTapHjer EaBapcKor reorpac^ia (IX b.) 0 KpajteBCTBy Zemiani, Her^e H3a KapnaTa, o;i Kora cy nocTana h H3BOiie CBOje nopeKJio cBa cjjOBencKa njieMena, Join oa IIIacjaapHKa ce obo hmc hhtb „Cp6jaHH,,J uiTci HHje H3BecH0, waiia 4pyre y6e4JbHBHje HHrepnpeTaunje HCMa, a OBa 4o6nja H3BccHy BepOBaTHOhy y CBeTJiy noMCHynix no/taTaxa icofl nop^nporeHHTa h MacyaH- ja. Y cbom 36Hpy OBe HH^HiiHje MHHe aocTa y6efln,HBOM npernocraBKy m je join y IX—X BeKV «erae Ha cjiobchckom HCTOKy nocTOjano CHaatHO ruieMe hjih, npe, nneMeHCKH caBC3 Cp6a, HHjn ce je^aH /ieo paHHje onceJiHO y noJia6- jbe.

ripeacnoBeHCKH CpOw? S

Hctok hjih jyroHCTOK npacjioBeHCKe TepHTopHje Kao hcxo^huits nojxan- ckhx Cp6a, 04 Kojnx ca CBoje cTpaHe noraHy SajwcaHCKH, Beh je flocTa 6jiH3y MecTa Ha KOjeM ce jom y II BeKy jaBJba je4H0 ruieMe caaByHHor HMeria: Serboi K04 riTOJieMeja. H3Jia?KyllH erHoreorpatjiHjy aanjcKe CapwaxHje — Kojy 04

R J, Nalepa, Qpusciito siavtca 2t Lund 1973, CTp. 171.

121

£

BnoneKe paaAsaja pexa Tananc = l[oh, oahochq 64° noAHeBaK koJh nojiaaH on serosa yuiha — IlTOAeMej HaBO^n h njieMCHa OpHHejH („OrmaToi")3 Bajin { Ou51oi'3) h SerboL Oaa nneMena CMeniTajy cc H3Meby KepayncKHX ruiaHHHa _ no jeAHOM TyManeH^y, cesepHOr orpaHKa ncTOHHcr KaBicaaa — k peKe Pa = g0Jjre, YaHMa ce Aa nocAeAflba ABa ruieMeHa, Bajie h Cep6es nOMHH>e h hchxto naHHj^ IliiHHHje fnwcao oko 73—79. H.e/), y HCKBapenOM o6xiHKy Hah, Semis, jcojH ce Ha ocHOBy ItroAeMeja nonpaaita y Vali, SerbL Koa IXnHHHja cy osa jpa nneMena AOiiHpana y npH6pe:sKje MeoxcKor je3epa - AaoscKOr MOpa. Ca

? rcorpa4)cKor h HCTopHjCKor ctbhobhbits, HMajyhH y bhav HenpecxaHe MHrpa- ynjc HOMaACKHX uneMena H3 eBpoaaHjcKHX cxena y aana^HOM CMepy, HHje HBMaJlO HeBepOBBTHO Aa cy ce HTOIleMejeEH (h nJIHHHjCBH) Cep6H TOKOM npBor MHJieHHja name epe npecejiHJiH H3 noBOJi?K)a hah IIpMa30BJta Hajnpe y jicbo nopenje /ItBenpa, o^aicne je hotom Aeo h,hx npOApo na aanaA cbc ao Jla6e. Osa npemocTaBKa HMa jeAny seona KpynHy hMiuinKaunjy. IIpocTOp na Kojn flTOAewej h IlJiHHHje cMeujxajy Cep6e y to A06a hhjc caobchckh Beh CKHTCKO-capMBTCKH, y je3H4KGM norAejjy HpSHCKH, AkO cy nOTOHsH HCTGHHO-

p GJiOBencKH h nojiancKH Cp6n iiotomuh obhx Cep6a, to 6h 3HaHHJio Aa cy ohh nopeKJioM jcaho HecJiOBCHcicOj HajsepoBaTHHje HpaHCKO iuieMe? KOje ce 3aTHM eaceAHAO Meby Caobchc h hotom jeaHHKH noc aobchm ao* Hpouec cjiasiiaauHje Mopao je 6hth yBejiHKO OAMBKao, bko hc h aaepmeH, ao VII BeKa, KaAa 3>peAcrap 3a nonancice Cp6e HapHHHTO Ka^ce aa cy cAOBeneKOr poaa, a epncKa

i eHKJiasa y Majioj A3h)h HaanBa CBOje nacejbe npacjiobchckom penjy gordhb*

AHajiornja ca nopemioM XpBaxa >

OsaKBa peKOHCTpyKunja cpncKe pane HCTOpnje HMajia 6h HajSjiHacy aHa- jiofhjy y eTHoreHean XpBaTa. Ethohhm Xpeatu jaBJBa ce HajpaHHje y o6jiHKy Chor(o)uathos Kao ahhho hmc y II—III BeKy h.c. hb rpHKHM HaxnncHMa na

i rpaAa TaHanca Ha yrnhy ^ona y IJtpHO Mope? Aamie oxnpHJiHKe Ha ohom npocTOpy rAe ITroAeMej h ElAHHHje hciuto paHnje 6ejie;*ce Cep6e h TAes Kao into CMO peKAH, AOMOpOA^HKOj HerpHKO CTaHOBHHUITBO HHHe yrABBHOM CKHT- CKO-capMaxcKa mieMena, Hajy6eAJBHBHja? <t>acMepoBa cthmoaorhja h3boah Ha- POahocho hmc xbrvati H3 cTaponpaecKOr harvat- ,HyBap?. Y npunor joj ce mo^kc

5 HasecTH m ce oea pen Kao aneAaTHB jaBJta caMO y cxaponOAjCKOM jeaHKy rAe charwat ananH ynpaao ?rpaAcKH cTpa?Kap5s a h Aa Choruathos Ha TaHancKHM HarnncHMa mo^kc 6hth HaAHMaK no cAy^cSn y tfiyHKUHjH ahhhof HMena, SyAyhH Aa ce rpaACKa crpa>Ka y raMornttHM rp^KHM rpaAOBMMa perpyrOBBAa yr^aBHOM oa okoahhx AOMOpoA^oa.

EocnopcKH h KaBKacKH CpSn

i ■ Hna h aOAaTHHX HHAHUHja y npHAor npHaaoscKOM nopeiuiy Cp6a. IIpo- Konnje y VI BeKy nniAe cy ce n CKAaBMHM h Ahtm npBoSHTHO 3Bajin 3Ejeahhhkhm hmchom Sporoi, no iteMy, 38to ihto cy >KHBeAH pacejano (rpHKH spordden). HmAepAe yBHba Aa 5h nocpeAH Hajnpe MOraa 6hth CKpahena c^opMa

^ oa rpHKOf Bospdroi (Bosphorioi), ksko cy ce Ha3nsaAH hoashhuh T3B, Bocnop-

122

cicor KpajbeBCTBa y npHaaOBJty on V Beita crape na no IV hobg epe* ajn* onSauyje ry noMucao jep y to no£>a He panyna ca CjioBenHMa Ha tom nonpyxi- jy. Ho BH^ejm cmo na cy ynpaBO onaxjie y to BpeMe MornH KpenyrH Cp6n h XpBara y cycpeT CBOMe 6ynyheM cjiobchctby* HlTaBHiiie, HMe Cuopuu jaajba ce, kojihko 3HaM? caMo Ha jeflHOM MecTy cnoBeHCKor caeTa, u to na cxapocpn- ckom npocTOpy, y XIII BCKy* Kao oanaKa jenHor ruiaHMHCKOr npenena ceaepHo on OHorourra, nanauiHier HHKiiiHha („Ha CnopHHxt”), Taj HaaHB ohhto naje Tonorpatjactcor Kapajcrepa* Hero HajBepoBaTHHje exHHHKa oanaKa* Kojihko ron na je CMejia, nnaK ce HaMehe npernocTaBKa na cy Cuopuu 1^Eoc^opaHH^, 6hjih jenno on cxapocpncKHx mieMena, nnje je HMe nyBajio cnoMen Ha Hexo Kpajite reorpat|)CKO HcxonnuiTe Gp6a. To lutq IIpoKomije y CnopHMa = EocnopaHH- Ma bh^h aajenHHHKe npexKe cbhx CuoseHa Morxto 6h orcjinKaBaTH 3Hanaj yjiore Kojy cy MCKana Cp6n h XpBaxH HMajiH y ciiOBencKOM cBery. Hnje, KOiiaHHo, HCKXbyHeHO na ruieMena „Cep6aH” h „KpeBaxacs? Ha nonpynjy Kas- Kaaa Koja noMHite IIopc^HporeHHT y cbom npyrOM cnucy „0 nepeMOHujaMa” npencxaBJBajy orpamce npenciioBeHCKHX Cp6a h XpBaxa koJh npen xyncKOM HajeanoM HHcy noiiyr npyror n&Jia caojiix caiuieMeHHKa H36erJm Ha ceBepoaa- nan, y rionH»enpOBJBe? Beh cy ce m npnupHOMOpcKHX cTena nOByKJTH npeMa KaBEcaay Kao h h>hme cyceaHH h BepOBaxHO cponKH AjiaHH, noxoMiiH CapMaxa h npeixH naHamibHX Ocexa.9

MHJUJBeH,a o nopemiy hmchs Cp6u, IteroB BeposaxHH npao&nHK

3ajenHHHK0 CKHTCKO-capMaTCKO nopeioio Cp6a h XpBaxa o6jaiim>aBajio 6h noHeKJie noUHHjn napajiejiHaaw iBHXOBe HcxopHje, napaateH HapGHHTO y no6a nocejtaeaH,a jennux h npyrnx na jyr h y np»HM cxonehHMa EaiBOTa na BajiKany. Ho icaKO ctoJh cTsap ca cpncKHM HaponHOCHHM hmchom? Y Hayqii HeMa carjiacHOcxH o H*erOBOM nopeKJry, J^Ba cjiOBeHCKa eTHMOJioiiiKa peHHHica, MOCKOBCKH H KpaKOBCKH, JOIII Cy naJICKO On CJIOBa S, aJIM cy pyKOBOJDtHOaH 06a npojeKTa, TpySanOB h Cjiebckh, npyrne Beh H3HejiH cBoja MHimteHia o tom npoSjieMy, Ona cy MebycoOno onpeHHa, hhmc ce h na n^HaiiiHieM cxyrnty KOMnapaxHBHe jihhxbhcth Ke nponymasa KompOBepaa oko osor eTHOHHMa Koja xpaje eeh npeKO jennor CToneha, on paHHX n^Ha OBe HayKe. OcHOBHa nuneMa cacTojn ce y roMe na jim je nocpenn cjioeeHCKO o6pa30BBHie y Bean ca pyc, ndcep6f nojb. pasierb „nocHHaK”, yKp. npucep6umucfi „npHnpyhth ct”> hjth pecJ>JieKC HecjiOBeHCKor ruieMencKor HMena aaSeue^etiOr jom KOn HTOneMeja, a MO^cna h KOn njiHHHja. npBy exHMOJiorHjy aacTynajy MHKOJiaj EpHKHep, CojiMcen? <PacMep? y nocjiejute BpeMe Cjibbckh; itHKOBa xyManeHia paannaae ce y norjieny naJBHX eramojioiiikhx aeaa HaaeneHHX penn: jenHH Bepyjy na cy one y Kpajn>oj jihhhjh 3ajenHM4xor nopeiuia ca npacji. *s%brh ,ce6ap? cjio6onHH ceJ1>aK, (CoJiMceH? rTpeo6pa3KeHCKH7 KajiHMa, Ey/iHMHp), nOK npyrH to H3 c|x>pMajiHKx paajiora, on6auyjy (MHKOna? 4>acMep? Ckok); no EpHKHepyj h eTHOHHM Sbrb- h HaseneHH hq3he 3a „nocHHKa” csonHJiH 6h ce na KOpen rjiarojia nrb-fshrb- „cpKaTH,>: npii MHoro^ceHCTBy Koje je nOTBpbeHO 3a OiOBe- ne naraHCKOr no6a, H83HB cp6u „cpKanH” 6h HasopHO cjiy^cno m ce noByne

9 F, EKforaik: The Slavs,, Boston 1959, crp* 27 a.

123

*

3jBHKa H3Meby npaBe Dpahe, KOja cy naoa MJieKO Here Majne, h noayGpahe, nacpba”. HacTpaHy npofwieMH ceMaHTHMKe npMpoflc Koje OBa cTHMoaoraja

noKpehe („cpKaTH” HHje kcto iuto h „cHcaTn” MajHHHO MJieKo), OHa naaa Bell ’ „a (bopManHOM npMroBopy aa ce paajimcyje hhtoha qnj a KopeHCKOr caora y

Cb6u, rfle je yana3Ha (cx. KpaTKOCHJiaaHH HaraacaK CTOjH Ha Mecry crapor aKyra). h KOa rjiaroaa p. cep6aw\ cjibhh. srbati, lit. surbti, aar. sorbeo, rpn. rhopheo hta., rae hmbmo cHiia3Ho HHTOHHpaH KpaTaK cjior. HajiiOBHjH h Hajoa-

3acTynHHK HecnoBeHCKor nopeicna OBor eTHOHHMa je Tpy6aMOB: y cKJiony jeflHe cBoje aHCKyTafiHJiHe XHnOTe3e oh nporJiamaBa riToaeMejeBe Cep6e y noflHOXcjy KaBKa3a, Koje cMaTpa npeuHMa cjiOBeHCKHx, 3a HHaoapnj- cko iuieMe, 3a je^aH oa ocraraKa Hn^oapujaija kojh cy ce, no H>eMy, ynpaBO Ha

t npHUpHOMOpcKHX CTena Herfle y apyroM MHJieHHjy cxape epe npecejimm y HHjiHjy. Y CKJiaay c thm cxBaTaiteM pycKH jiHHrBHCT npeaaa»ce jeany MHHoa- pujcKy eTHMOJiorHjy epncKOr HMeHa (KOja 6h, c 003Hp0M Ha Sjihcko je3H4Ko cpojlCTBO HHaoapHjaqa h HpaHaqa, Morjia 6hth h HpaHCKa). HacpeaH 5h 6njia cjioaceHHqa ser-bi y 3HaHeH>y „rjiaBOccMe”. 06nnaj oaceqana raaBe no6ebeHHM

i npOTHBHHuHMa flo6po je norBpbeH koa Ciarra h CapMaTa, a HHje H3rjie.ua 6ho Heno3HaT hh CjioBeHHMa, Meby ibHMa nonancKHM H SajncaHCKHM CpSuMa. fllTaBHUie, IlJiHHHje noMHH>e y hctohhom npMSpejjejy UpHor Mopa nneMe Cephalotomi, HHje jhmc Ha rpMKOM 3H3MH ,frJiaBOceHe” OflMax nocne HHaqe HenoaHaTor eTHOHHMa Serri, Kojn Tpy6anoB nonpaBJta y Serbi, y3HMajyhH

1 caeflehy rpHKy pen He aa Ha3HB jpyror ruieMeHa, neb 3a npeBOa npexxonHOr HMeHa. Cee obo je ca 4»ui0Ji0WK0r rneaHurra aocTa npOH3BOJi»HO, thm npe mro riUHHHje Cepfie nOMMH>e qa npyrOM Mecxy y HCKBapeaoM ofijiHKy Semi, a

j ca je3HHKOr craHOBHiuTa Tpy6aHOBJbeBa eTHMOJiorwja je Kaapa aa H3 hhuoh- paHCKHx jeaHHKHx cpeflCTaBa o6jacHH caMO npBH HJian ser- ,maBa’ (cthha. siras-, cTHpaH. sarah-) ho He H marOJicKH ejieMeHaT -bi, Synyha aa HHaoeBpoii- ckh xopeH *bhei- ,yjiapaTH, cehn’, KojH je y HameM y6uuat, hcm. Beil .ceicHpa’ Hffl. HHje HOTBpbeH y HHflOHpaHCKHM je3HI|HMa.10 Ja JIHHHO HHCaM CKJIOH

* npHxsaTHM hh jeflHy on ao caaa npeano^ceHHx eTHMOJiorHja eTHOHHMa Cp6u hmth jia y obom TpeHyricy caM npejyioacHM neKy HOBy. JejiHHO uito 6hx yKaaao aa HarjiacaK CpQu h cxapopycKH o6jihk ca .nojiHorJiacnjeM’ cepedb c jeqHe cTpane h nop4)HpOreHHTOBO nHcan>e Serbloi, Serbioi, CTcpn. Cp6nu c apyre

s cxpaHe oMOryhyjy npeiw3HHjy peKOHCTpyiajHjy npao6iiHKa Kao *sbrbbji. 3a HHTOHauHjy yn. y 6auiTHH.eHHM penHMa 3pno < we, *gpnom, y paHHM n03aj- MuqaMa KpK oa aHT. Cwicum npeKO *K'J>rhfch, Kyiut oa Colapis npeKO *K'bl'bp-.

j, „npaKOCOBO”

florae OTnpnanKe mojkcmo HhH y KoaHKO-TOJiHKO ocHOBaHHM cneKyaa- unjaMa o HajpaHHjoj cpncKoj HCTopHjH (Harabaae aa 6h ce cpncKO HMe Kpnao y HaaHBy aeMOHa Cpdunde (Sfbindah) Kora noMHHte Kao HitapHHor npoxtiBHH*

J Ka xtiMHa PHTBeae VIII 32, 2 caapscw xoaHKO HeH3BecHOCTH aa ra 6ea aoaaT-

10 Fr. Slawski y Slownik mroiytnoSci stowianskich V/1975, ctp. 135; O. H. Tpy6a4cB y BecttiHUK dpeeueu ucmopuu 1978/4, crp, 41 a.; nperjien paHuje aHCKycHje naje 0>acMep y cbom

J eiHMonouiKOM penHHKy s. v. cepO.

124

hhjc aprynenaxa hc Bpean osGhjbho yaHMaTH y oSanp).11 IIlTa MoxteMO H3Byhn Kao KpaxaK 3aK.»i>yHaK H3 OBOr nOKyuiaja peKQhctpy klih je Hapo^ne npoiiLrio- cth? Hhhh ce aa cy ceo6e aancxa 6HJie or najpaHHjer speMena jejjHa 04 6hthhx o^pe,UHHqa cpncKe ncxoptije. Ochm cTanniUTa, Meitajia ce H3rjie,aa h OTjajieKaTCKa npunajiHOcx, a MO>icaa naK jeamicH h ainponojioiiiKH Kapaicrcp. Uira je y thm MeHaMa, ochm caMor HMeiia, ocxajajio Kao nocTojana OKOcHHua cxHoca? McTopuja nac ynn m ce y acHMHJiaiiHOHHM npouecHMa jaMOM or

jeaHKa h pacHOr ran a jcmor napoaa Mo;*ce nOKa3aTH tterosa HaeDJioiiiKH apTHKyjiHCaHa caMOGBccx, Mwa HHjjHmija r& cy npeaSajiKancKH Cp6n HMajin bhcoko HaeojioFH30BaHY iuieMCHCfcy CTpyKTypy, naraHCTBO nOJiancKHX Cjiq- Bena, Meby H*HMa Cp6af 6hjio je BeoMa muiaso h naj^ace ce oap^tajio y HeJiOM cjiOBeHCKGM CBery, na Haw jc aaxBajbyjyhH TOMe h na]6o.a>e noanaTo. PTcxOHHe Cp6e Macyan aoor HjHXOBHX pejiHrHjcKHx odunaja cynpoxcxaBJBa ocxajiHM CnOBeHHMa h nopean ca HHaHjiXHMa, MHttcHHua m ca xpHcrajaHma- nnjoM 3anaj(HH Cp6n ry6e csoj itojihxhhkh cybjcKXHBHTcx, a HCTGHHHMa ce h caMO hmc aaxwpe, yKasHBajia 6h Ha H3BecHy HHKOMnaTH6HJ3HOCT HiHXOBe mie- mchckc pejiHrwje ca hobom sepOM. XpHiiihaHCTBO cy, naHMef pejiaxnBHO JiaKiue rtpHMajm Hapoaw Ha jmiKCM cTyrnty ^yxoBHor pa3BHTKa, koji kqjhx 6h oho je/iHOcxaBHO noTTyHHJio He^ocxajyhe BHUie ccxmchtc peiiHrHjcKc cbccxh, Hero ohk kojt kojhx ce xpHiuhaHCKa norwa ^HpeKXHO cynpQTcxaajbajia Bch yKope- fteHHM npe^cTasaMa, na npHMep ecxamaoiuKHM BepoaaiBHMa* Jcahho cy jy?K- hh Cp6n, ya nOMenyrn HaysexaK HepexjBana, ycneiHHO npeopoj^HJiH xpHcraja- HH3aqHjy onyBaBuiH ceoj URcmmcj. JJa ce npHTOM Hnje pa^HJio o npocToj 3aMeHH je^HOr H^eojioniKor CHCTCMa jnpyrnM, Beh o tpaHct^opMahh jn cxapor n HberOBUM npniiarobaBajiy hobom3 cbcaohh bhcok KOHaepBaxwBHaaM cpncxor tJ)OJiKJiopaj Kojw no^i Manje^BHuie TaHKOM xpHiuliaHCKOM npeBJiaKOM 4ysa mho- re BpJio apxaHHHe cajip^caje. 3a Hac cy on npeeHCTseHor iHasaja penHKXH H3 cdpept ^p^taBHe HjieojiorHje, Ha npHMep Gp6khob no^axaK ,ua je qap JQyman caxpan>eH „y3 ceexe Baxpe5^ ko]h caM no ce6n Hnje pa3yMJBHB? ajiw ce mo^cc nOBeaaTH ca MacyimjeBHM KaaMBaiteM jxa Cp0H cna.^yiy ce6e h csoje KOHbe Ka,aa hm yMpe KpajB hjih nor-aaBap, a xaKobe h ca mothbom caMOcnajtMBaHsa npHcyrHHM y encKoj Tpa^HaHjH 0 flymaHOBoj CMpTH. Yormixe, enHKa je OHaj < cerMCHT napo^ne xpa^tiiJiHje rmhcjihm ^a ce HajSoJte Hysa npeTxpmuhaHCKO HaeojioniKO Hacjiebe+ IIOTaHKO o6pa3JiaraBre xe Te3e H3HCKHBajio 6h onniHpHy pacnpaBy, Te by ce oe^e orpaHHHHTH 11a Hajonuixwja 3ana?KaHia. Cp6e Meby cj]OBeHCKHM HapOflHMa o^iyiHKyje noce^OBaiBe npase encKe noe3Hje? ojotHHCHe ope CBera y kocobckom UHKJiycy. ripoAy6jBeiiHM KOMnapaxnbhhm Hexpa^KHBa- H>eMj komc je ca cpncKe cTpane ochoby hojio>kho Becejinn MajicaHOBwh a Ha HHjjoeBponcKOM njiany ra OMOryhHJiH pesyinaxH >Kop?i<a ilHMe3HJia h Cxnra BHKaHacpa, aonaan ce ao caaHaHja m je m caMO qchobhh mothbckh penepTo- ap kocobckhx necawa npacxap, Hero h aa oh aanpano OJiHHaBa H^eojjorajy je^HOra npe^^y^ajiHor paTHHHKOr cTanc?ita} ca Haj6jiH^KHM anajiorHjaMa y HH/iOHpaHCKoj xpajpmHjH, or Maxabxapaxe ro UlaxHaMe, Kao h y oSunajaMa n BCpOBaHbHMa aHTHHKHX CKHTa, Oilpa^KeHHM KaKO y aHTHHKOj JiHTCpaTypH, XBKO m y c|>OKJiopy j^aHanntHx OceTa. TaKas je^H chckh caAp^caj 6ho je npe^oapc-

11 Yn» M. Mayrhofer, Kiuzefqfiies efymologisches Wonetbuch des Altindischen, HcidcJbcrg 1956— 1980, II s+vr 1

125 >

BeH fia ce c BPeMeHa Ha BpeMe oSHaBJia y hobom HcTopnjcKOM pyxy, noa yxnaajeM MapKaHTHHX .norabaja, xojn cy ca cBoje cTpane caMH MOrira 6hth jjoHSKJie npeflecTHHHpaHH HfleoaoiUKH ycjiOBJBeHHM Ha^HHOM pearOBaita ruie- Mcwa na H3a30Be ncTOpnje. fla nojacHHM: Kocosy je npeixo.tiH.no Hexo npaKO- cojjo, Miuiomy je Kao y30p Morao nocnyxcHTH hckh npaMHJioiu, JIa3apy Hetai flpajrasap. Hht cpncKOr HauHOHaJinor KOHTHHyHTeta pacTerHyra je Kpo3 ayra cTOJieha h npeso lUHpoKHX npocropa; axo ce Ha je^HOM MecTy nax np&KHfla y

, je3HKy, MO^eMO je nonono nafm y KOJieiCTHBHOj cBecTH, KOja ce noKaayje Kao HajnocTojaHHjw ejieMeHat HauHOHajiHor 6nfta.

Y MebyBpeMeny on npc^ajc OBora reKCTa y urraMny no H>eroBOr npyror npenoMa, HacTaBJtajybH CBoja HCTpa>KHBaH,a cpncKHX CTapHHa, noiuao caM no neKHX hobhx cajHatba h npemocTaBKK KOjHMa ce mojkc nonyHHTH npeTxoflHO HaJiaraWbe. HeKH npenHMHHapHH aaxBaTM obehaBajy na he ce y JieKcuijH Hahn nane je3HHKe cnone H3Meby nonancKHx h OajiKaHCKHX ,Cp6a, Hnp. rnync. boblija ,ryKa, KBpra5 : cx. nnjaji. 6o6siuja (Cpew, C3 Cp6nja) ,xpna, xyMKa’, Modena 11 rnyjK. bad, nnync. bajaS .thu^th, cBetnyuaTH’ : cpncKO 6ajaiuu

1 .cwjaTH’ (pa3JiHHHTO on npacji, xOMOHMMa (Bpa4aTH’, penHKTHO OMysano y cTHxy KOJiencKe neciwe Byx I 6p. 190, 11: „E05KHh 6aje no cbcm CBery”, Kano je to join KpeK npeTnocTaBHo): Ghjim 6h to jennon pecfweKCM ne. KopeHa *bha- y cjiobshckhm je3HUHMa (yn. cTHHfl. sen. bhati ,CHja’). TaKObe eKCKJiy3HBHa H3oneKca cTJiyac. vethenici (XI b.) : crcpn. etuibHuifu nopen ebhbHuv!u HMa h HHCTHTyuHOHajiHH KapaKTep, Kao y rope H3HeTOM cjiynajy acynaHa h acyna. Ca Zeruiani EaBapcKor reorpacfta Hajnpe 6h ce Morao noBeaara llopcjmporeHHTOB na3HB 3a Cp6e Tzerbulianot : *Cbrv(l)jani (< -jane) Kao cycJjHKcajma BaptijaHTa

, on *Cbrvitji (yn. *Lpd-jane ~ *Lgd-itji), Ako nopeicno cthohhmy *Sbtbb(j)i Baita TpaxcHTH bsh cnOBeHCKor je3HKa, motjio 6h ce nOMHimtaTH Ha cKHTCKOcapMaT- cko *s3rab- Koje 6h npencTaBJtano npancKH naHnan CTHiin. Ha3HBy sarabhd- 3a BpcTy raxaHHHCKor jejiena (Kao jihhho nine Beh y Pur-Bean).

i

Aleksaudar Luma

SOME SLAVISTIC ASPECTS OF THE SERBIAN ETHNOGENES1S

I Summary

The present paper deals with the complicated and much discussed problem of the Serbian origins, A starting point for our retrograde investigation is the literary work of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetus. Written in the mid 10th century, it gives us the opportunity to examine the past of Serbs on several different chronological levels, from its contemporary situation

j back to their hypothetical P re-Slavic roots. There are three constituents of the concept ,Serbian': the ethnic name; the language; the

national consciousness. The last one in its modern form, as based on the Orthodox Christianity and the medieval Serbian statehood, has resulted from a development which had begun in the 12—13th century. Old-Serbian as a written language is not documented until the same epoch, but the main phonological features which distinguish it from the other South-Slavic dialects can be traced back to

y the mid 10th century, judging by the onomastic data given in Porphyrogennetus' ,,De administrando imperio1' and thoroughly reexamined by the present writer.

The linguistic determination of Serbs in the earlier times is an open question. Porphyrogennetus' account leads them to Dalmatia, in the first halft of the 7th, century, from the so-called White Serbia located in the northwestern Europe and adjacent to the Frankish Empire. That corresponds to the

1 Serbian area of the time. The main argument contra a closer kinship between Serbs and Sorbs, which

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claims that the two peoples speak quite different Slavic dialects* is shaken by new theories composite character of Proto-Serbian, considered to have arisen through a secondary oceidentalisari^11 of a south-eastern Slavic dialect. Moreover, in the century when Serbs supposedly migrated to th* Balkans, Common Slavic must have been only slightly differentiated, and the name of Serbian settle nsent in Bithynla Gorddserba, mentioned for the first time in 681, contains the word for (fortress, town' in a form that is neither the South-Slavic gmd nor the Protosorbian grodf but still the Common Slavic gordb. Nevertheless, there is a historically very indicative Serbo-Sorbian isogloss: the circumflex^ intonation of the both river-names sorb, Lobjo ,£lbe+ and serb Ldb (demonstrable to have been transferred from Elbe to a river in Serbia), in contrast to czech. lMbe> whose initial indicates an acute accent. Many other place-names in Dalmatia, Dardania and Macedonia seem to have been trans. planted from the upper basins of Elbe, Oder and Vistula during the migration of Serbs and Croats Not only those „isonyms", indusing some topographical reminiscences of the north-western Slavic countries in Serbian epics, but also some characteristic Jsonoms”, consisting in existence of analogous social institutions among both southern and western Serbs (Sorbs), especially the „zupans", confirm the credibility of Porphurogennetus' report on the arrival of Serbs to the Balkans.

The south-eastern dialectal component of Proto-Sorbian implies that before the 7th century the ancestors of Sorbs came from the east of the Slavic territory to their lateT homeland, where they subsequently mingled with the West-Slavs, Thus, if the southern Serbs stem from the west and the western from the east, we have a good reason to assume existence of a former East-Slavic tribe under the same name and to see its residual part in the Sdrbioi quoted about 950 A.D. by Porphyrogennetus who are further identifiable with the people Surbin of his contemporary Mas'udi, perhaps also with the Zeruiani of the earlier Bavarian Geographer.

The previous position of Serbs in the Slavic East, dating back to the first semimillenary of the Christian era, seems to make it possible — geographically and chronologically — to connect them with the Serboi recorded by Ptolemy in the 2th century somewhere between Caucasus and Volga, presumed¬ ly also by Pliny in the late 1th century near to the Sea of Azov, Far from the supposed Slavic protohome, those Serbs cannot be taken for Slavs, but most probably for a branch of Sarmadans, together with the primitive AntSs and Croats. It is again Porphyrogennetus who notes — m his other book „De caeremoniis” — two Caucasian tribes, Krzvatades und Sarban, and we are inclined to agree with Dvomik in considering them descendants of the pre-Slavic - Sarmatian - Croats and Serbs, who were driven by the Huns from the steppes north of Black Sea toward The Caucasus in the late 4th century ATX, whereas an other part of the same tribes fled to the northwest, toward their later slavicization. An Iranian origin of Serbs is indicated not only by the absence of a convincing Slavic etymology of the ethnic name ,Serbs* (whose original form is to be reconstructed as *Sbrbbji)t but also by the survival of Indo-lranian and parriculaty Scytho-Sarmatian ideological heritage in the Serbian epic tradition.