aleksandr dragunkin malyiy pryizhok v angliyskiy za 115 minut
TRANSCRIPT
115 .
,
- 2006
81.2. 72 . . 115 (). .: , 2006. 160 . , . .
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 18, 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 34 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2. . +S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 My mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3. . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 : , , , . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 64 ANY ANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 be have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 79 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 +(e)D, if, + ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89-97 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 3 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 98 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 116, 120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
ISBN 5-87852-???-? . . ! . , . .
11.04.2006. 6088/16 Times. . . 10 . . 5 000 .
E-mail: [email protected] - . , . , . , 45 .
ISBN 5-87852-???-?
. . , 2006
( ) ,
i, ;
. , 1998 , . ?! ! , , (= ) () () , , . 4, w : . i, ; . , .4
. ( !!!) !!! , ; . ( !), !!! ( !!!) , !!!; w , , , !!! , . , , , , : !!!
city = .
,
!5
, ,
: , , . , , . / , , , !!! /, , / , . , , , . , , 80%
!!! : : full shit = , , : = ,
= , : fool
: sheet = (), bitch = , : beach = . + + , !!! , ... !!! - .
NB!
,
( ), to c , , ! 6
!!!
7
. , , , , , . , , ..!
1. .
( 20 ).
. )
= = +S:
(: ) ( - 27 ) , ,
.( 3 65 ). : 127 + 3- (!!!) . : 3- ( 65 ) - 70-80% , -. . : ) , ) , ) ) , ) / , /- /-. : : : : 8
+S, /
!!!Table tableS = . + . . 32 !
!!! - , . 4 : 1) 2) 3) 4) - - - - = = = = 27 178 7 10 (. 144): (. 93); (. 139); (. 142).
- ( ) ; ) 43 + ,
20 . 15 . 30 .
... !!! 9
, ..!!!
:
!!!!!!; ) ,
= MY handS
( - !!!).
()
()
21 , . 16 (: my = ),
= MY handS = MY handS :
/ , , ( this, that, such a, an/a)
= MY hand = MY hand = MY hand
. .
, (= +S !), , , !!! ( = 21 ), /
: , ,
(. 16) = =
,
(= (. 16) , !!!):
, , , / ( ) !!!
!!!
= = = =
MY MY MY MY
hand table sun handS10
21 , -/- + ( = +S) :11
:
1 +2 +3 , = 1 +2 +3 = MY clean, white and tender hand. w : , = = MY clean, white and tender handS. w , (= hand+S), (MY),
(
!),
( = sister+S)
4
:4 5
1
2
3
I + respect + my + beautiful and clever + sisterS. + + + + .
sisterS
,
, , , (= sisterS!) ! : We + solve + many + difficult + problemS. w + + + + ( problemS) !
!!!
( !). , , 1 2 3 4 4 5
+ + / + + . () -, , , (!) ,
NB. +S -, -. , . , ( , !).13
( !!!), :1 2 3 4 4 5
I + respect + my + beautiful and clever + sister. 12
( 1-31): 1 + 2 .
+
3 .
+
4
+
5
* ( ) , !
NB 1 !!!
,
(?) + LOVE + + GOOD + = ME I = MY = YOU = , YOUR = , = YOU WE w = HIS = , * = HIM THEY = HER = = HER ITS = *, = IT OUR = = US THEIR = (-)* , = THEM NO = , ANY = . THIS = (= +S THAT = . . 144). EVERY = EACH = + . SOME = , - AND = ; SUCH A = SUCH = THESE = THOSE = AN-A / = , - THE = ,
+ + (? ?)
- +
- + (?):
31 l !!!
NB 2 !!!
I/you/we/they (!) !!!
NB 3 !!! ( !) ( ): = I se HIS dog = I see HIM ( ) (-)
:
Ho:
= We hear THEIR voices. w = We hear THEM w () (-)
(-)
}
.. (. 134).
( ) = I like ITS color : ( ) = I like IT.
.
: 31 . 14
- - , - HIS THEIR.
HIM THEM !!!15
,
!!! 2 :1)
!!!
an/a = , ! : an apples a girls !!! !!! , (+ . . 137-138) !;
? , , , - : !,
2) .
-
( )
,
- ( okay!) - , / : !!! HIS = (= ) NO = * (. 22) ANY = I can charm + THIS = SUCH A = SOME = A/THE = / .. !!! THESE = I can charm + THOSE = SUCH = 16
/ !!! , ( ) 21 , !!! :
}}
+ girl.
my any, the your a this !!! ,
/ ,
, , , !!! ( , + girlS.
):
+ + + = We + write + ANY + bookS. w 17
1 + 2 3 4 5 + + + . I + see + THIS + big beautiful white elephant. w !!! ( , , ),
NB !!!
, I = , you = , , we = , they = (= +S) (. 6, 5 . )
, 1 !!!
, :
!
= We WORK very hard. w w . Those guyS DANCE here every night. aa =
. =
!!!1) ( . 16) (5), (1). (cat catS), (I, he ..), (Pete, Moscow ..). ( I/ you/ we/ they, [ !]
- , , , , , .. ( 32-38):now = , today , = generally = nowadays usually = always w = as a rule = =
!!!).
, / (), / (. . , ). ,
+
...18
every ... (+ minute, day, week, month, Sunday, year) w : , , , , , . .; 19
2) . 16 7 (= , . .).
+ = I see + NO big cats. : + . = + + = We + read NO + new books. w : ... + .
,
(me, him ..) , : ME YOU = , , = , , , , HIM = , , , , HER = , , , , , IT * = , , , , , , , * US = , , THEM = , , , , , .
: (= ), ( NO)
!!! ( NO new interesting books). :
* it / , - ,
( /: , , , , , . . IT); 3)
(.. )
!!!
, , , , !
( /-/-)
?
NO = , , , /
( 10 !!!). , , 37 ( 127), 2, 4 5 , . ( , . 16) , 21
( !!!). , NO, !!!:20
, , 20.000 ... + + + ( , ) !!! ( !) +S !!! : this/that these/those (= +S)!
/ : I + carry + any + clever + monkey/s. / + + ... + ... + /-/-. / ???
* !!!
+1 + I + You We They People (= ) These girls ..
{
-/-+ 3 my no any this that these those + + 4
-
!
.
.
2 respect + love adore hate count expect carry save touch touch have* ..
+
, . , , / / ! (. . 145 ). !!! : : //// ...! : ... ... ... ... ... ... = = = = = = 39 I HAVE ... You have ... We have ... You have ... They have ... These girls have w
5 friend/s girl/s dog/s table/s hand/s face/s house/s monkey/s book/s room/s ..
serious + clever big beautiful white ..
() 5 ( !) , () !22
23
/: + + . We HAVE + many + white catS. w w : + ... , , + , : + . They HAVE NO + big white cats. w = These tableS HAVE NO legs. = (!): ////// /-/-/- = = /////// /-/-/- = = I/you/he/she/it/we/they HAD ... = (= 2- ).
: 77 (. 49) ... () + = ... WILL HAVE NO + cat. w have = (
, ):
+ () + . I HAD + (my) beautiful + girlfriend. () 1 2 2 1
+ . We w HAD NO + clever friends. 1+2
... +1 2
+ .
... /- () + = ... HAD NO + cat. : ////// /-/- = = /////// ... = = I/you/he/she/it/we/they WILL HAVE .... ... w 24
40
... WILL HAVE + a lot of + problems. ... w 3 1 2 1+2 3
... + . ... WILL HAVE NO ... w
+ problems.
25
. / () , , , , (-) !!! ( have = 3 !!!). 1. !!! ( 41-43), ,
/: + (= ) + = They + leave + tomorrow. + These guyS + arrive + (= ) + . They + arrive here + next Sunday. + + + . (= ) His brotherS + buy + our house + tomorrow. + + . Many guestS + come + the day after tomorrow.
: Tomorrow = ( 41-43) ,
!!!
The day after tomorrow = Next ... (+ week, Sunday, year, summer, Christmas). w / : , , , , , .. : I + You + We + They + People + These girls ..=
!!! ,
/ to:1 2 1
..
2
+ + = I + want + to jump. w
leave come arrive .. +
+ tomorrow. + the day after tomorrow. + next + week. + ~ + Sunday. + ~ + year. + ~ + Summer. + ~ + Christmas, ..26
. to ( )
to:1 2 3
, + t + ! I work + to + be able to study! w 27
, + t + . Every day they come here + to + see us. t + , ! To + do this you must be strong!
, !!!(B 15 !!!). 1 , . .1 2
I have no , close friendS here since all my old friendS . live in different placeS.
2. .( 15 ). : 14 + 3 ( ); : 5% ; : 15 . !!! 14 + + , 3 : 1)2)3) = +S ( - 10 , !!!). . , (: ) , ! 10 , 8 !29
I buy very many new English bookS and magazineS every month, because I want to know everytning. w These bookS help me very much. 28 1 2
( 8 . 147-148).
, , , , bushS ! !!! (= = = SH-, S-, CH-, J-, X Z-) -E- +S , (. 34) !!!
/ !!! , - 7 ! (10 3 +S = 7) 3 = +S, +S +ES, / --!
NB !-E- +S ,
NB !!!
-th ( ) -e- , !!!
+S - !!!
( , ) - -, -, - -, - !!!,
, , -- bush = (= bushES = ) ? fixES = ? , , +S , , ..!!! ! / -E- , +S -SH -S (, , -Z), ,30
: 5 = 5 monthS , a 5 monthes. 3 = 3 boothS , 3 boothes !!!
+S:1) +(e)S ( 9+18 = 27 . ) , :
table tableS bush bushES tax taxES = ; 31
2)
+(e)S 44 45 46
3) S (= ) , -: NB. McDonalds = (?), Lays = (?), Uncle Bens = (, ?).
HE, SHE, IT WHO? , , ?, , , ? (+ ),
,
,
( !).
+()S: He + readS many + bookS = + + . She + planS + to + leave = + + . . , / +S = = ... HAS ... = ... ... ( 47) , , , ?, + haS
, , :1 2 3
. (= ) : = 2 3 1 = My motherS flat.2 3 1
? ?
S !!!
, , . : !!! ...
( HAveS, -v- ): () + + = He HAS + many + friendS. = + ...
. (= ) 1 2 3
:
+ = He HAS NO + good friendS; 32
+ + , !!!33
, , : 2 1 My fatherS car = + .1 2
( ) , , , , ( . )
My fatherS cars c = . BritainS + foreign policy = = + . !!! , S (= ) . ,
. ! 1- /, . .: MY house, , , YOUR sisters, , , HIS cars .. , .
2
() .
E (48-52) !I: , , (-) , ( .) (-) MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR THEIR mine yourS hiS herS itS ourS theirS II: 48 49 50 51 52
. 2- , ?, , : = These books are mine (+ . 39). = Those books are mine too. = These books are yours. ? = Are these books yours? Whose house is this one? Its mine!, : Mine! w (-) !. , ! ! I see that you wear old shirts! Take MINE! w 35
? ( mine) c +S (= ) !!! + ? = WHOSE? 95 (. 59)
, , , ,
MY
, , , , , .. 34
! = Its OURS! The money is YOURS, and nobody will take it from you! w ! , () ! ( !): Scratch my back, and Ill scratch YOURS !!! = , !. : , !. ( !). 3 : 1) - . -.
. My brothers car = the car of my brother = , ; His sisters name = the name of his sister = , . of , , - , : ranches illions of trees = (- = of).
of dollars =
, , ? ().
: he companies of our family = () . NB 1 ( !). , , of + s
of
= ,
100 %- , --: = the car OF Boris = the house OF my father , , !!!
of + 2- (. 36) : These friends + OF JOHNS = + She is a friend + OF MINE = + + . He was a slave + OF HERS = + + ; w 37
(, , )
+:
+ of ,
he + of .36
2) BY , - : A mistake made + BY you. , + = . The house built + BY this man = , + + ; 3) -, , WITH w (= ...): o eat soup + WITH a fork = + . w I built it + WITH my own hands. w + . ! , :
( !!!):HE SHE IT WHO? = = = = ? SEVERAL ( 55) A LOT OF ( 56) PLENTY OF (57) SUCH ( 21) MANY ( 53) FEW ( 54)
+
THESE THOSE
, . . = =
= = = = = =
: HE + +S + MANY + + .+S . . : HE + seeS + MANY + good + friendS + very often. She + meetS + a lot of + nice + girlS + It + + several + + guyS + . Who? + + few + + + + plenty of + such + these + those : + + + + + ... : + + + + + ...39
,
(= -),
,
!!! 12 - (+ 53-57), k, +(e)S38
!!! -, , :
, ,
+ + . SHE meetS + SUCH beautiful guyS + very seldom. + + + + + ?
!!!
WHO + readS + SEVERAL + interesting + bookS + every week? w /. ,
, (. . 16). ,
( !!!)
c
, +(e)S He, She, It, Who? (= , , , ?), (= ): + + + . Every day + WE + COUNT + our beautiful dogS. w (-) + + . Their FRIENDS + SING + very loudly. + + + p + . HE often + readS + MANY + old English + magazineS.
!!! / = , = = . ( !) = : I YOU HE SHE IT MY YOUR HIS HER ITS = = = = = , , , * = *, , * = = (-*).
WE OUR THEY THEIR
= Our DOG biteS everyone. (= ) w 40
* , ( ) , ! 41
:
, , . , . .
1) (. . 34); 2) . / : + + . HE usually sellS + HIS fatherS + carS. + + + . SHE often strokeS + HER husbandS + handS. + + . My CAT + always lickS + ITS pawS. w + . THEY read + THEIR bookS 2 ( 20 ). . 421 2 3
my sister washES them, w I fix them, and our mom countS money. We have many w constant clientS, their quantity w constantly growS and our fatherS business
helpS us very much.
. , , / ! : , +
Our father buyS and sellS different old carS. We help him w
t +
1
2
+ .
3
: 1) , (. 16)
( him); 43
2 1 ( t + him + to ); 3) ( ..) ,1 2
2)
-! , !
( ):
him +
: to + give me !!!
:
:
: him2
t t t t t t t
1
2
1
me you him her it us them
to to to to to to to
+ + + + + + +
. .
me you him her it us them
my your his her its our their his
:
, to + I want him to eat +
+ . + breakfast
: + I want + + t + + to +
give
. me :
, to + + . them to remove + their + bed. We want
, + t + + ! = I want + them + to + leave! w , +
3. .( 30 ). : 70 ; : - 70-80% , -; : 30 .
t + +
+ !
They want + us + to + buy + this old house! w to to: , + to + . He plans + me to + leave tomorrow. 44
!!!45
29
.
26+2
(. 51)
2 = = 34 / = = 34 (58-83 + 85-92), !!!
.
, : :
: 71) CAN = , 72) COULD = /, /; / , / 73) MAY = 74) MIGHT = , , , 75) MUST = 76) OUGHT TO = 77) WILL w = . 78) SHALL = , I We 79) WOULD w = ... ..., , ... 80) SHOULD = () , , () 81) NEEDNT = ..., ... 82-83) ...d better ... = ... ...d rather ... = ... 84
58) ... do ...!
,
59) ... does ...! 60) ... did ...! 61) Do ...? 62) Does ...? w
3
!
!!!:1)
63) Did ...? 64) Will ...?
!
26 () (= 26 )
65) ... dont ... 66) ... doesnt ... 67) ... didnt ... 68) ... wont ... w 69) Do ...! = 70) Dont ...! =
58-83 (= 26 )
!!! (+ . . 75); 2) ,
!!!;
+ : than = , : Better + than + me = , + + . !47
3)
( 53-83) !!!!! 46
!!! () 26 ( 58-83)
+ 2 27)
:
, , !!! : !!! ! : , , !: 1) ( !!!) ( ) !!! 2) , ( !!!) to !!! 3) ( ) !!! , 1000 , , , !!!!! !!! 48
=
Take this !:
- - , /, , !!!. . ; 28)
Why gamble? w = ? , ; 29- . = + 8 (85-92), !!! 8 to !!! make = , let = , = , see = hear = feel = notice = . observe = watch w = () !!!
: ( to !!!!!).
}
49
8 , !!! : to =
. 29 (l)
(= ):
, + + = I see + HIM + kiss her handS. , + + = = We hear + HER + sing. (: + + ). .
+ + + ! You + make + me + SUFFER! to
+ + + ! She + makeS + us + DRINK this medicin every day! to
to !!!
+ () + + ! = Dont + let + him + GO! + + + + ! = Let + her + dance
( ) , (= , , )
, ,
Let
!
( Let , , !):
( , ),
+ + ! = Let +
!
him
+ go!
:
Lets
= (-) !: !
+ dance = (-) !
Lets
..., / ... = ... him ..., ..., / ... = ... her ..., .. !!!51
50
( ) , - her : + + , + .
/ .
NB.
, ,
Every day I + watch + her + go to her friend. w : ..., / ..., / ..., / ..., / ..., / ..., /
!!!
:
!!!
... / ... ... ... ... ... ... me ... ... you ... ... him ... ... her ... ... us ... ... them ...
}
+
(do !, does !, did !) , !
( to !)
( , do ! !).
..., ... ..., ...!!! !!! , (= ) , . :
:
+ ! = I + DO + love you! = + (c)! = He + DOES
+ work! w
, !!! to !!! 52
+
: =
! = She + DID + come! 53
!!! (Do ?, Does ?, Did ?) ,
Did ? (= ): ? = DID + they work? = ? + ? w ! + 1 ( () !)
( ,
/).
,
: WILL ... ? W ... ?:
!!!:
= ? WILL + he work? = ? + ? w w WILL + my brother + live here? w + + ? DO/DOES/DID/WILL you + = .
NB: ! ?, ! ! ?!!!
2- (Do ? Does ?) /// :
!!!
! = DO + you work? = ? + ? w ? = DOES + she work? = ? + ? w = ! /// ?54
+ wash your hands? + - + wash ? w =
???
EVER
!!!
, (. 59),
,
! , . 55
! !!!!! :1 2 3
NB.
:1 2 3
WHENw :
+ WILL w1
you return + my money? 2 3
1) = I know her
1
+
?2
+ ?3
:2)
DO
+
+ I know her? =
4
?
+ ?
1
2
3
: + + 3) WHY + DO + I know her? + ? + ?5 4 1 2 3
+ DO + you love me? 23 93-112:
HOW MUCH
: 1) ( ); 2) 3)
;
!!!:
1 2 3 1 3 WHERE + DO + you go now? = + ? w 1 2 3
WHAT + DOES + he know? = + ? w 1 2 3
1
3
HOW
+ DID 1
+ you do that? = + ? 2+3
1
3
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ...? ? ? ? ? ? ? ()? ()? ... ? ...? ? ? ? ? () ... !? ... ? ()? ()? ? ... - ... ? ... ...
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Who? Whom? Who? Whose? Where? Where from? What? What for? In what way? Which (of)? What kind of ... ? What color ... ? When? Why? How? How come ... ? How long? How many? How much? How often?
? ? ? ? w? w ? w? w ? w w? w ()? w ... ? w ? w? w? ? ... ? ... ? ? ? ?
} = ... ever ... ?57
... ... ?
+ 56
+ ?
k
, In what manner? w ?
+ 3 : 1) ...? = How dare you + ...? + ... + ? How dare you + insult her? : ...? = How dareS he + ...? ... ... 2) () /- ... ? = Would you like to + ... ? ...? w ... Would you like to w + ? + come with me? w
!!!
(Do+, Does+, Did+ Will+)
() = NoT = +NT,
(= ... ... ) !!! 4 ... ..., , !
(4-)
3) ... ? = Do you care to + ... ? , ..! + ... , + ! = Do you care to + dance? + ? aa : /- + ...? = DoeS s/he care to ...? , !
!!!, !!!!!
2
(= dont doesnt): = + + = I + DONT + read. :
// + + = e/she/it + DOESNT + know. // 59
58
!!!
1
(= didnt ): =
!!!:
+ + /-/-/- = ... + DIDNT + see.
= I read NO books. : = I DONT read books : = I DONT read ANY book/s /
1
(will+not = WONT w):
+ = ... + WONT + see. = ... w
=
, ( 113-117): , ... , ... : , ... , ... , ...1 2
, , ,
= = = =
NEVER NOBODY NO ONE NOTHING
w
!!!
}=
NOWHERE w1+2
= I NEVER shave. 1 2 1+2
:
= I could NEVER swim. w1 2 1+2
+
=
+ !!! =
DO + punish
+ him!!!
=
= I will NEVER love you. w = I see NOBODY 1 2 1+2 1 2 1+2
+ him! 60
+ + !
=
DONT + punish
=
= He has NOTHING = .61
1
2
1+2
(-) = I went NOWHERE. w w1 2 1+2
= DONT tell him ANYTHING ! ,
!
! = Tell him NOTHING! , : 1)
NO = NOT ( +NT) + ANY;
, , !!! ANY =
2) ANY any ( 118-122 + . 67): = ANYBODY : = ANYONE w = ANYTHING = ANYWHERE w = ANYTIME
, ,
!!!: = I can get ANY book.
}
NB ! ANY
! , , ( 4 ):
,ANY books.
: = I DONT read
+
= I DONT see +
ANYBODY.
=
= He DOESNT have = = I DIDNT go 62
ANYTHING. w
(-)
ANYWHERE.
+ + + + . I + NEVER + wear + ANY + underwear. w w ANY !63
ANY () -: () - ? ?Do you read ANY English books?
. ANY: ANYHOW = ANYWAY w = , ANYTIME = , : ! = Ill find you anyway ! w (Ill ... = I will ...).
:
ANY,
,
!!!!! /
at all = -, ,
(+ ).
( !!!) , !!! ( !): + + + ! I DONT count + ANY + dogs + AT ALL! = ...? - ? ?DO you have ANY money AT ALL? - ? ? DOES she read ANY English books AT ALL? 64
!!!!! to !!!( !): = to
/ = I CAN swim w = to
/ = I COULD do it = to
* =
I*
MAY draw
, , = He MIGHT com = to 65
to =
= We MUST pay w
= = to
= She OUGHT TO play in the street.
= He WOULD come tomorrow. w , () - . She WOULD play if she had any money. w = = , * . WE* may swin in this pool all day long. w w * . HE* SHOULD visit his parents every week. w * / ! SHE* NEEDNT be upset! + Why + w * + ? NEEDNT THEY* + leave tomorrow? = to = , to = , to
= to
= They WILL run w = = : = , , :
= to
be
1 2 = I WILL BE + there w
:
I I I I
will will will will
be read write have
= = = =
() / , ..
/ / = I/we SHALL eat /w / / =
=
NB ! Shall we ?
* ! 1- (. 73) !
:
w SHALL we + go to bed, dear? = , , ! = , ? 66
67
.
, , , :
(= ) !!! , ,
: 1
1
2
3
/ + ?3 2
...
,
CAN you + return my money? w
WHEN
!!!
( - !!!) , !!! (. 67) :1 2
,
() = NOT , +NT !!!: = We MUST NOT pay. w
I* MAY
draw MAY* I* draw? = * * ?
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
He MIGHT + com MIGHT he + come? = = , ?1 2 3 2 1 3 We MUST + pay MUST we + pay? = + + ?
= He WOULDNT come tomorrow. w , () - . She WOULDNT play if she had any money. w * ! HE* SHOULDNT visit her so often! * 1- (. 73) !69
. .
, 68
NB 1.
NOT (= ) , , ,
3 1)
:
!!!; NB 2. : COULDNT you + do this for me? + ? : CANT , = ..., ...; !!! COULDNT = () ..., ...; ()..., ()...; MAYNT = ...; MIGHTNT = ..., ...; MUSTNT = ...; OUGHTNT to = ...; SHANT = , ; WONT* w* = ... ( ); WOULDNT w = ... ..., ..., ...; SHOULDNT = ..., ..., () ..., () ...
, !
( , ).
(= I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
1 () may, should neednt / (, -, !): + + =
I
+ MAY + drink beer.
+ + . HE + SHOULD + wash his car. w + + =
= (, ?)
WE
+ NEEDNT + leave. w
* wont w = want w = ,
, ! :
:
I wont want him to = , to 70
= = = =71
I You He She
want. want. wants. wants.
/ ( ) 2)
= = = =
It We You They
wants. want. want. want;
. will shall: I + SHALL stay + here in any case! + + ! She + WILL be + there. w + + . .
(. . 77 81).
2 () - : + + ( )! We + ARE + 1+2 1 + + = We + WILL
2
/ . !!! . 48 , - , , , / = will shall , , can = , may = must = = ,
BE + there
, will , !!!;
3)
!!!.
!
, , !!! ( 3 . . 96 98). 3 (. 140). 72
A !
4
5
,
- ( )!73
. : 1) CAN BE able to ... ... BE allowed to ... ... = : = ,
!!! = BE = = , ; ( 123-127), (+ . 81):
AM= ... = ...
2) MAY
ARE
2 ) MAY NOT BE NOT allowed to ... 3) MUST ~
HAVE to ... ...= ... BE to ... ... = ...
IS
be have
!
= () , , c I; = , , ; , , ; , , ; you, we, they , , ; . ; = , , he, she, it ; = , , I, he, she, it, ; = , , you, we, they ;
4) NEEDNT Dont/doesnt/didnt/wont NEED to
WAS*w
WERE* NB! w
(= be able to ), (= be allowed to ).
WILL BEw
= ///// / ; ///// -, - -. .
!!! 74
* was were 2- = be = .75
( ) (, ) , / / , / = = BE HAVE! /:1
3 (. 76) : have be to , !!!: = He HAS TO go O = Iw
A TO go
+
2
+ = I +
2
1
What + AM I TO + do? = + + ? Kurt Russel :
WAS
+ allowed TO + swim. w w
+
+
= I + HAD TO + leave , 2- be have !!! (2- = !).
= , , , HAVE = , BE to / HAVE to = ... .... be have,
(
)
, :
1+2
2
: + + = I + WILL + BE able TO + run. w 2 1
(= 2- !!!):
WAS/ WERE; HAD; w w
+ + He +
+
1
1
2
= He + WILL + HAVE to + leave. w
:
WOULDw
+ + , ... + BE ALLOWED TO + swim if ... w ... = =
AM / IS / ARE; HAVE/ HAS;
:
=
76
WILL BE; WILL HAVE. w w 77
- ( to ) ,
2 (= 2) , o ( ) !!! ( BE , ! , , ?). , : !. : = I AM in the forest. : !!! / ( , , , / 18 ): , , !!!
..., ... ...,
- !!!
!!!
.,
be have
(am, is, are, was, were, will be), , (must = have to),
have (have, has, had, will have) !!! to + be , = = + (= !) ( , ...?, ...?), , , . ( ) (: ?). (!)78
= I AM
that white elephant. w our mother.
= She IS 79
= You ARE + NO black cats. /// /-/- = I/he/she/it WAS there /// = We/you/they/cats WERE there. //////// = = ... WILL BE there.
be be:
ISNT she lovely? = () ( ) ?. ( ).
NB!, ,
be
C , be () 1 2
. , , ... C1
:2
WHO
+ ARE you?
= + () ? = + ?
be , !!!
WHERE + IS this tree? w
() :1 2
WHEN + WAS she there? = + ? w w
I AM that white elephant You ARE + NO black cats I/he/she/it WAS there We/you/they/cats WERE there!1 2 3
2
1
be,
AM I that white elephant? ARE you NO black cats? WAS ... there? WERE ... there?2 1 3
() = NOT be (), +NT !!! be have, (Not am : Im not = ..., ...):
... WILL BE there! /
WILL ... BE there?
80
81
Youre not Hes not Shes not Its not Were not w Theyre not ... was not w ... were not w ... have not ... has not ... had not ... will not have w ,
You arent He isnt She isnt It isnt We arent w They arent ... wasnt w ... werent w ... havent ... hasnt ... hadnt ... wont have w
= / ... = ... = ... = ... = ... = ... = ... ... = ... ... = ... ... = ... ... = ... ... = ... ...
, NO,
!!!
NOT/+NT ( , , , isnt, dont . .), ANY, , , , : () (-)! IM NO crook! = I AM NOT + ANY crook! = ! NOT : Im NOT there! = ! She is NOT ugly! = ! 3 ( 55 !): , + .83
I CANNOT work at home w because I HAVE NO + computer.
!!!82
+ , (= ) . + , , + o + / .
That is why + I HAVE TO w work in our library, w where IM ALLOWED TO w use their computer. I + SHOULD make some money TO buy any computer, but + until now I + COULDNT find ANY decent job.
, - //// !!!
be !!!
( there there ) !
!!!
= There is + a lot of people + there.
+ = There is NOBODY + there.
3 1 2 1 2 3 + + = There is + a cat + on the table. + + = There is NO + cat + on the table. There isnt ANY + cat + on the table. + + . There was + a big computer + there. w + (= ) + = = There were + many dogs + in the yard. w + + + = = There will be + a lot of money + in my pockets + tomorrow. w 85
I. , , !
There + is/are/was/were/will be !
1
2
3
4
+ - + -,
84
II. , : +BODY +ONE = EVERY+ +THING +TIME +WHERE
4. .( 15 ). 3 +(e)S ( !) 10 (. 147-148),
{ {
+PLACE : = SOME+ +BODY +ONE +THING +TIMES +WHERE +PLACE
, = = ()
= = = = =
= w = = = w =
. , ...
= = = = =
- - - -, - = = -, -
w w
= = = = =
4- = +(e)D
( -, -, - ),
2
:
1) T 2- , , : punish punisheD = (). , 2- (= +()D 2- , ) , ,
1) Some- - -: -, -, -/ - !!!; 2) -one , ; 3) -place . : EVERYBODY + loves my body now .... ... ( ).86
/
: = yesterdy = the day before yesterday 87
= recently 2005 = in the year 2005 2005 () = last () = last time = last Friday = last Christmas = last week w = last month = last spring = last year = last autumn (.) = last fall (.) 5 = 5 minutes ago ( - = all day long , !) 2- (= +()D ). 2 : ) , 2- (= +(e)D ) ! IF ... ( , , !). ! -:
+
, + . I would drink vodka IF + I HAD it. w = 2- !
: ..., + ( = it!).
NB ! IF
if , I He WAS (= 2- !): + , ... = IF + I WAS there ... w ) if
will shall, if : , = IF we PAY w () , = IF he comeS ;
= IF I paintED
!2) , +(e)D, , , 3- = ,89
= IF I WERE there W if be were.88
, - , , , - : repair repairED = /-, .
By = : by me = , by him = (?), by my father = . . . . (= 2- ) (= 3- ) , ( ) +()D. --, +S, : (-) = I paintEd
+D -- /, /, /, /, .. , : , : /, , : punishED = , / (= /), /, /, / . . / (= +()D) 90% , !!! : . Pete PAINTED this wall w (painted = ). : , + . A wall PAINTED + by Pete w ( painted = ).
NB! +D
!!!
178 = (= 2- ), (= 3- )(: 1- .: 2- .: 3- .:
be was/were been). , 178 - !!!
90
91
2- 3- / (. 149). 1- 1- = ( , ), 2- 2- (= ), 3- (?!) 3- (= ) ! , . !!! , !!! 178 ; 22 , 3 (. 149); 28 , (). : 51 , 2- 3- (1- 2- = 3- find found = found = = /);
: 1) 1- , ? ( ?); 2) , () 128 : /, /, /, / .. (= 128 3- = = 128 (. .. ) , , ) ? (?) () / = 3- , , , !!!; 3) , 51 3- = = /
+
77 , 3
(1- 2- 3- write wrte written = / /). = 128 .92
51- !!!
(?!) . .2 , !!!;93
4) - 3- = = () () ( ), ,
) = = +ing !!!: smoke smoking = ;
77
= 2-
) - = = +ing !!! smoke walk w ride smoking walking w riding = = = ;
77 ( ?)! ( !) !!! !!! 3: 1) (= +(e)D)
) , +ING
,
6-
+LY , (), :
( , ) = = +ing !!!: smoke smoking = walk walking = , .
hurry hurriED hurriedLY , . ( ). , +ING , . : 3- !!!:94
:
+ING (, smokING) / : 1) (); 2) (); 3) () , NO SMOKING = = . 95
N- !!!,
= !!!!!,
.
-D
!!!
-ING = !!!!!
, +Y : cloud cloudY . . , , , :+
!!! 3: !!!!!!! () ING () 3 (= !!!). ING : 2) , +S, : : ING .: . : bless blessing blessingS . : 3) ING , (6- =) +LY !!!, : : ING : : seemingLY seem seeming , ; -, . . 96
game
=
a GAME hall = ,
hall
= , , a HALL game = ; ( )
border = , a BORDER state = = (-) , state = , a STATE border = = ;+
spring = , , SPRING water = = , water w = , a WATER spring = = .+
97
, : army + division = army division + = . , , !: house + number + = house number = ! ..
3, Action = .
,
4 Groups of Tenses (1. Simple Indefinite, 2. Continuous Progressive, 3. Perfect 4. Perfect Continuous),
Street name = ,
4 Types
of Actions =
4 ,
, () , : mail () + box () = MAILBOX + = . , ING , , : dining-hall = smoking area = .
3
!!! . . 102. 3, 4! : : :
1) = One-time Actions = Simple Indefinite, 2) = Prolonged Actions = Continuous Progressive, 3) = BY-Actions = Perfect,
5. .( 35 ). 4- ( = Past, Present Future, ) = enses. 4- 3- 12 ???98
4) = Prolonged BY-Actions = Perfect Continuous.
3 ( Past, Present, Future) !!! , , !!!99
HAVE + been + .. HAVE + been + being + + ..
HAVE + been + ..
BE + being + ..
(l):* (..
BE + ..**
( . )
.
) :
:
BE HAVE:
*
(2- )
WAS, WERE; HAD
4 3 .
: :
AM, IS, ARE; HAVE, HAS
.: +(e)S .: +(e)D 2- .: WILL +
BE + ..*** HAVE + ..
WILL BE; WILL HAVE
:
** .. =
()
:
(. 91).
:
. . .
) +(e)D (. 92),
. . .
!
)
3- *** .. =, .
;
! ,
()
:
} ,
(. 97):
() +ING. -
: 1. 2. 3. 4.
, +100
!!! 101
. . 163 !
have be + c ,
():
(2- )
:
WAS, WERE; HAD AM, IS, ARE; HAVE, HAS WILL BE; WILL HAVE
:
:
1) (= 3- ) 2) (= ING ) .
:
:
HAVE + WRITTEN ( BE WRITING ). ! 2 2 = 4 a , 3 a ! / : 1) BE + WRITTEN; 2) BE + WRITING; 3) HAVE + WRITTEN. . , 3 / , , be have ! ( !) be / have ( !) !!!102
}{
!!! ,
2- be have !!! ( was, were had). !!! , , , ( ) be have, !!!: . . AM/ IS/ ARE/ WAS/ WERE/ WILL BE HAVE/ HAS/ HAD/ WILL HAVE
} {+
COUNTED COUNTING.
( -, . . 102 !!!).103
Okay! . = = . = .
(. 104).
.
*) (. . 102). ( ) ( ! ) being , (= ing!!!), : , ( ) , / . .: That picture + WAS BEING painted + at that particular time. w + + . = + + ... / /- , ( !)
1.) . /: = + WRITTEN + = = ( !!!)?
BE
-?) . : 3- (= )
!!! !!! !!! ,
+
{
WAS/ WERE (.) AM/ IS/ ARE (.) WILL BE (.)
+
, - - / ( ) / , be!!! + + = The book + WAS + written. = + . + + = The book + WILL BE + written, = + . w . .;104
ING
=
.
2.) . /
:
BE
+
WRITING105
=
+
= = = We w
!!!
, , - - , -!!! = +ing ! , ...: , = When he came in I = , = = ,
ARE
smoking smoking
= (= ). = (= ). = (= );
We WERE w W
We WILL BE smoking w W
, = WAS wet, ! (3 ) = happy
) . 2 , = 1, = = +ING. : WAS/ WERE (.) AM/ IS/ ARE (.) WILL BE (.) +ING (= ).
= and cryING! ( 3 !!!)
= ! ing
, , (-!) ,
, !!!
+
{
+
( = ING!!!). ( )
( ) be ( !)
, ,
be:106
(, , , , , ..) - - ...107
, ...///-
..! !
2-
:
He + HAS + STOLEN + this car = + * + ( . * ). = = He + WILL HAVE STOLEN + this car = + + + . , , -, , ? ( ?)
3( 3- ). ) .
? 1- : We w
HAVE
+ already prepareD + everything. + + . = = 3- .
!!!
, ..., , ...!!!
I HAVE + WRITTEN + a book = + + = . : = 3- buy =
( !) (, . . !). * ( have = have has) , He HAS + LIVED + in this house for 10 years already :
He HAS + BOUGHT + some paper = = + + . =
.
:
, , , ,
}
=
1) + 10 ; 2) + ... +
+ ( ) ;
!!!109
108
)
.
:
: I HAVE/He HAS/HAD BEEN + PAINTED = / /.
I.3- (= )
+
{
HAD (.) HAVE/ HAS (.) WILL HAVE (.)
+
I WILL HAVE
BEEN + PAINTED
=
. . ;
I HAVE/ He HAS BEEN + PAINTING =
have (: have ) ,
II.
: / . .
,
,
I HAD I WILL HAVE
BEEN BEEN
+ PAINTING = + PAINTING =
, = , : HAD + + . + WRITTEN + that book.
( ). ( 3 ..!).
5.00 + He +
. , , - ! (+ . 102),
5.00 + + + . He + WILL HAVE + WRITTEN + that book; w ) . . , , !!! (. . 102):
?
( )
3
(= , ).
, 4 : : 1) , 2) 3-4) , 1) ; + 2)3) 2 3 ( . . 120), / 3- . 111
4-
(. 120).
I HAVE/He HAS/HAD/WILL HAVE + BEEN + . = 3- be 110
. .
1-
( . 102). (= ! = = One-Time Actions).
l
:
, , ( , 3 !), -/-, ( ! !), ( ) = !:
WILL + ... (). + LIVE LIVES (). +(e)D ().
. (+ . 89-90): = usually = now = always w = often = rarely = seldom = = generally = today , = every day = daily = sometimes = once a month w nowadays
(= 2- ):
+(e)D 2- : / = = Yesterday I PAINTED/ATE that egg; /
: +(e)S:
/ / = = I/he EAT/S one egg every day. / / w ! = I always REMEMBER everything! w
+
/ every ... = ... (every Friday . .):
: WILL/SHALL + :
= I WILL EAT one egg tomorrow. w w 112
We + SAW + this elephant + every morning. w + + + . 113
2-
( . 102 107).
(= 2- be + ING):
, (= = Prolonged Actions). , , o/ (= ...) / (= ... ..., ..., ), - ,
5 7 = = Yesterday from 5
2-
till
7
I
WAS WRITING.
w = ;
NB !!!
-,
: . AT THIS PARTICULAR MOMENT I AM WRITING.
( ,
ING , !!! ),
= ;
: 5 7 + .= ()
Tomorrow from 5 till 7 I + WILL
BE
WRITING.
, , (= c = (=
ING !!!)
=
2 ...), !!!
, , , , ,
be !!!
, , : asleep = , tired = , late = , ..115
(+ . 106),
- (= = +ing)!: 114
: be (): be : be
ING , ? ING
3-
( . 102). (= = BY-Actions).
!!! , - ..!
, - - , , , have/has
,
had
3 !will have
/ ... !!! (= Indicating words) : right now = all (day, month .) long (, ) = = (, .) at this (particular) moment = = () ... from ... till ... ... ... = ... ..., ... ... .
( , ). , ( ) , , . ( ,
)
! (!) have:
, - (: ) , (= BE + ING ), , ,
, !!! 116
5 . I HAD + COOKED that soup yesterday BY 5 oclock; 5 : + ...; 117
(= 2- = had + 3- ):
:
!, 3
10 ( = H = ). I HAVE + LIVED in this house for 10 years already. : + ...; : 5 . I WILL HAVE + COOKED that soup BY 5 oclock tomorrow. w 5 : + ....
2:
:
) , ,
BEEN = 3- be, : ) ING
( , ). ( , , ) !!! I HAVE + BEEN WAITING w + = +
have:
. (+ . . 102). , , ..!!! , (= 3 = ), / / , , (=
+ for this money + all my life! + ! + ... = -, (all my life), (= have) !!!
. have (have/ has had will have) , , , (= ) ! ( = = ... have ... !!!).119
ING Prolonged BY-Action)
!118
By that time
!!!
+ (= ) + 5 .
:
+ I will have + been waiting + for 5 hours already. w w
, : :
will
have +
+ waiting !
been
1) =
2-
(= +(e)D ): / = I counted/ate= 2- .
(= ).
. , Leonardo di Caprio ,
{
... 5 7 7.34
}
/ = I
was*
+ + counting/eating.
5.00
/ = I had* + + counted/eaten.
* WAS HAD = 2- ;
3
:
2) +S, =
I HAVE BEEN in prison for 6 years = 6 (.. ... ),
{
WAS/WERE/WILL be.
...
= = ...
AM / IS / ARE + ...ing; HAVE / HAS / WILL have + 3- :
you FREED me
= ( ),
and now you ARE ASKING me = ( ! ) to enter another prison. = .
{
/
5 7
count/eat ... / = I am +I
=
+ counting/eating.
/ /
= I am + + counting/eating. = I was + + counting/eating. = I have + + counted/eaten.
(=
)121
120
/ = I will + + have counted/eaten; 3) = ... ...
{
5.00
/ = I had + + counted/eaten.
. ( ) () , , , , , ??? ( ).
5 7
/ = = I will be counting/eating.
5.00
{
WILL + ; WILL be + ...ing; WILL have + 3- : / = I
5.00 / = = I will have + counted/eaten. ,
{
will
+ count/eat. C .
5 7 7.34
}
/ = = I will be + counting/eating.
+ ...:
+ :I + CAN + BE killED. + + (-) = .
+ 1-
=
+
!:
2- (1- ) be / have ( ).
( )
I + CAN + READ + any English book. + + + .
3- ING ( ) !!! 122
+ 2-
=
+
:
You + SHOULD + BE LIVING + here. + + + . 123
+ 3-
=
+
:
I + COULD + HAVE EATEN + this soup. + + () + .
( ). 1) - 1: = 2- , ( would ). : - : , () (), - . I THOUGHT , = , (that) I + WAS GETTING MAD. w / = .
+ 4-
=
+ w
:
I + MIGHT + HAVE BEEN WAITING + for you all my life.
+ . , , - : We + SHOULD + BE THINKING + about some drinking!. w : ?!.
+ +
m
: I + And + COULD COULD + HAVE DANCED + all night, + HAVE BEGGED + for more!
. .. : , = I asked what his name was. w w , () . I told him (that) he was allowed to do this. w 125
+ + + , + + + !. !!! E-mail :
NB! , : , ! = I know (that) he said it! , = I will never believe (that) he said such a thing. , . I have heard (that) he is coming back; 2)
, , , -,
WOULD ...,
... W ... = ...
=
will! , , (l) ... that ... = ..., ..., ..., ... , .. ! : , + + . I knew (that) she + WOULD tell + him this. w , ( ) + + . I knew she + HAD TOLD + him this.
= : , = I told him + I would come. w , + + . I always thoughT (that) + I WOULD become + a pilot. w () W , + + . You never suspecteD (that) he + WOULD betray + you. () W , . He didnt know (that) he WOULD regret about it all his life. () W , + + . I didnt expect (that) + I WOULD HAVE TO + leave. () W 126 (= + + )
:
, + + -. We knew they + WOULDNT speak + English. w w , + + . We were told (that) they + WOULD be + hungry. w w w , + + . I said (that) I + WOULDNT GO + there. w 127
, + . I hoped they + WOULDNT tell him. w (= ): Heres the postcard I THOUGHT I WOULD never SEND. w , () , () . NB! , . , - , : I read that drinking IS not good for health. , . usually BEGINS. We didnt know what time the film w w . !
. / . . 7 , , , ( ) : 1) say tell ( say tell); 2) , ; 3) (= ) (= ) ; 4) : will this these now today yesterday tomorrow ago here would that those then that day the day before the next day before there;129
5 ,
( ) ! !!!
128
5) whether w ( if ) = ... ...; 6) 1- (= ) to ; 7) Dont e not. 2 Dont ... not to .... : She said to me: We will leave tomorrow They asked us: Have you read the book? You asked me: Where do you go? He said to her: Come to me! = = = She we
. ,
( , ): DO you know him? YES, I DO! NO, I DONT !
DOES she know him? YES, she DOES! NO, she DOESNT ! DID they write this? WILL they come? CAN she do this? YES, they DID! NO, they DIDNT !
YES, they WILL! NO, they WONT! YES, she CAN! YES, I HAVE! YES, she HAS! NO, she CANNOT! NO, I HAVENT! NO, she HASNT! NO, they HADNT!
told me (that) would leave the next day. we hadThey asked us +
HAVE you a friend? HAS she a book?
whether (: if)
HAD they any money? YES, they HAD
read the book. You asked me where
WILL we have a lunch? YES, we WILL! NO, we WONT! IS our cat there? YES, it IS! NO, it ISNT!
I went. told her to come to him.He
WERE our cats there? YES, they WERE! NO, they WERENT! WILL our cats be there? YES, they WILL! NO, they WONT! : DONT you read it? ISNT she there? WONT you come? CANT they play? YES, I DO! YES, she IS! YES, I WILL! NO, I DONT! NO, she ISNT! NO, I WONT!
She said to me: She told me Dont not to kiss her! = kiss her.
YES, they CAN! NO, they CANT! ..131
130
AN, A THE (.. ). , !!! , - ,
/ , , , : ..., - ..., ... = AN A /, !!!: 1) I se 2) I see
1
A girl; THE girl
,
,
( ). ,
, , , , !
(= ) ( - )
-
/
!!!
(= /) ...
!!! AN/A , ( !!!) / !!! - - ..! ( !) = !!! (. 138). 133
, , - ( , ) ( -) , : ..., ..., ... = = - THE ... . THE / (= = the boy/the boys) !!!132
, , , an ... , a ... : A boy = AN apricot = .
. * ., * . . .
The coat was green. w * There were holes on it. w * mended with green threads. w We took A bus. w THE bus was overcrowded. w
: 1) , h- , AN, : : AN hour = , A hot dish = ;
2) U- -, -. : AN umbrella = (-), : A union = . 2 , ( ): .
, ( ) , , , , . , , (an/a /). , , ( ) . ( ), (the ). , , the !!! * . . 138135
Yesterday I met A friend.
. THE friend had AN old coat. 134
: AN old man lived in A small house near A forest. One day THE old man w left THE house and went into THE forest () () () . ( ) ( ) ( ) 0*
.
-, (= ) +th , : 4 = four = four+TH . , +th
( - !!!):
w to collect mushrooms. ... *
24 = twenty four = = twenty fourTH. w - (7 ): (the) (the) (the) (the) (the) (the) (the) first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth w = = = = = = = , , , , , , .
(t) .
THE mushrooms were tasty. () . w * , /! , , , , the 3 , (= an/a) !!! 136
(the ...) ? 10 . ! , , : , = +th .137
3,5 : , , , !!!: + + . Ill take + THE thirty sevenTH + book. : + + ( +th 6-) 1927 - 15- , , : THE fifteen millionTH !!!
-R , : = big = nice biggER, nicER ..
- - ( , ), , 3, , !!!
,
THE !
-, : ... = MORE ... : : = MORE tireD = MORE interestING. - ... ..., () +EST , THE ... ( . .), -, , , , ...! (= +), 3 ... = (the) MOST ... : ... = THE nicEST ... = THE MOST interestING ... = =
. - - - , - ... + : +ER, +ER , 138
=
139
:
= =
THE MOST tireD ... .
old
10 , . 14 = 14 10 !!!: - E : well, w, , bad, , , good evil better worse w , the best the worst w , the most , , ee the least oe oe, ee, the farthest the furthest ,
elder , ,
the eldest , , , , .
old older = the oldest = , , . , ! 2 :
1) - ,
many, much , few, little , o far ,
more , less , farther
5 () 20% = ;
2) ,
(+ ),
!!!
[email protected] . , : 8-905-222-31-82 -. (495) 779-69-06/-07 .141
: further , 140
.1) (27 ): ) , - : . : child foot goose louse mouse man woman w ox tooth . : hildren feet geese lice mice men women w oxen teeth = = = =
) , (= +(e)S): dvice raft evidence furniture information hair knowledge luggage money progress nonsense = = = = = = = = = = = /- /-,- /-,- /- /-,- ,
= = = = = ;
- ., (II) : I: = II: = .:
=
= I was born
= , = Stronger than me.
) : aircraft deer grand quid salmon sheep trout w 142
= + ! = Let him + do it ... = = ... = = ... ... = = = = I have ... Ive got He has ... Hes got
= = = = = = =
/- /-/- () (.) /-/- /-/- /-/-;
? , ... No, I DIDNT DO that ... = = I was punished 143
= = He was offended 1 2 3 = a. = My mothers flat. , = + (-). = I want + to be rewarded. w = + + . = I + will be + an artist = () = I will be able (to) = () + (-) = I have + bought = + + . = I + should + go. = 1) + + . = Id like to + eat an apple; 2) + + . I + should + eat an apple. = = I was told = = I want (to) ... ... = / ... = I like (to) ...
( paint = ): : ? ?
1.
+S
: boyS = O/-/- K? : paintS = : my motherS = MichaelS = :
. : = ;
1.
+S
= ;
: = , = ;
1.
S
2.
+(e)D , paintED = , ) : ) .: : paintING = ) : ) .: ) :
= (-); = /, = ;
3.
+ING
= ; = , = ; = ;
144
145
: ?
?
4.
+LY
: quickLY = .: timeLY = dayLY = : windY = : sevenTH = : smartER = : earliER = : the smartEST = : the earliEST =
: = ; = = , ;
5.
+Y
: = ; : = ; = ...: = = , ;
6.
+TH
7.
+ER
8.
+EST
= , ; = .
!!! (
)
!!!
146
- . (
(22 ),
bet (bet, bet,) burst (burst, burst) cast (cast, cast) cost (cost, cost) cut (cut, cut) hit (hit, hit) hurt (hurt, hurt) knit (knit, knit) let (let, let) put (put, put) quit (quit, quit) rid (rid, rid)* set (set, set) shed (shed, shed)* shred (shred, shred)* shut (shut, shut) slit (slit, slit)* split (split, slplit) spread (spread, spread) sweat (sweat, sweat) thrust (thrust, thrust)*
, ): w w = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = , ; () , .
* .147
( ) 2- 3- (1- 27 ). NB. , 2- , 3- () , .
)
2- 3- !
,
-t , ( !!!): burn (burnt, burnt) () = creep (crept, crept) () = deal (dealt, dealt) () = dwell (dwelt, dwelt) w (w) = , feel (felt, felt) () = keep (kept, kept) () = () kneel (knelt, knelt) () = ; mean (meant, meant) () = meet (met, met) () = (-) = shoot (shot, shot) () sleep (slept, slept) () = smell (smelt, smelt) () = , spell (spelt, spelt) () = spill (spilt, spilt) () = (-), (-) sweep (swept, swept) w (w) = , weep (wept, wept) w (w) = .
?a) , 2- 3- . : bleed breed feed lead speed (bled, bled) (bred, bred) (fed, fed) (led, led) (sped, sped) (had, had) () () () () () () = = = = = ,
+
have )
( ve- +d);
=
-d bend build lend send spend (bent, bent) (built, built) (lent, lent) (sent, sent) (spent, spent)
-t
: = = = = = ;
148
() () () () ()
149
2- 3- (2- 18 + 6 ).
) 2- = 3- = . 1- .
?) , 2- 3-
1- .: 2- . = 3- .:
, ( ):
? - , !. 2-3- -ought = -oo: bring (brought, brought) () = buy (bought, bought) () = catch (cought, cought) () = ; , ; seek (sought, sought) () = teach (taught, taught) () = , think (thought, thought) () = .
cling dig fight find grind hold say sell
( : y i) ( +d)
(clung, clung) (dug, dug) (fought, fought) (found, found) (ground, ground) (held, held) (said, said) (sold, sold)
() () () () () () () () () () () ()
= = = = = = =
= () ; (-) ; ;
shine sit slide spin
(shone, shone) (sat, sat) (slid, slid) (spun, spun)
= = = = = = = = = =
NB !
stand stick sting swing win wind
(stood, stood) (stuck, stuck) (stung, stung) (swung, swung) (won, won) (wound, wound)
w w w
() () () (w) (w) (w)
5 , .
. - :
www.dragunkin.ru151
. .
150
( 2- 3- 55 ): )
3 ?
! 3- :
beat begin blow break choose do draw drive
become (became, become) (, ) = = come (came, come) (, ) = , run (ran, run) (, ) = , ; )
? , 2- +D, 3- = +N:lade mow rive saw shave show sow strew swell (laded, laden) (mowed, mown) (rived, riven) (sawed, sawn) (shaved, shaven) (showed, shown) (sowed, sown) (strewed, strewn) (swelled, swllen) (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) w (w, w) = = = = = = = = = () () () ;
)
! (, ) = (, ) = () (, ) = , 152
arise (arose, arisen) bear (bore, born) bear (bore, borne)
() ; ; () eat (ate, eaten) (, ) = , fall (fell, fallen) (, ) = fly (flew, flown) (, ) = forbear(forbore, forborne) (, ) = forget (forgot, forgotten) (, ) = () freeze (froze, frozen) (, ) = give (gave, given) (, ) = () go* (went*, gone) (w, ) = ; grow (grew, grown) (, ) = know (knew, known) (, ) = lie (lay, lain) (, ) = ride (rode, ridden) (, ) = () ring (rang, rung) (, ) = rise (rose, risen) (, ) = () see (saw, seen) (, ) = , shake (shook, shaken) (, ) = sing (sang, sung) (, ) = slay (slew, slain) (, ) = () speak (spoke, spoken) (, ) = spring (sprang, sprung) (, ) = steal (stole, stolen) (, ) = () stink (stank, stunk) (, ) = stride (strode, stridden) (, ) = strive (strove, striven) (, ) = 153
(beat, beaten) (began, begun) (blew, blown) (broke, broken) (chose, chosen) (did, done) (drew, drawn) (drove, driven)
(, ) = (, ) = (, ) = (, ) = (, ) = (, ) = (, ) = (, ) =
swear swim take tear throw wear weave write
(swore, sworen) (swam, swum) (took, taken) (tore, torn) (threw, thrown) (wore, worn) (wove, woven) (wrote, written)
w w w w
(w, w) (w, w) (, ) (, ) (, ) (w, w) (w, w) (, )
= = = = = = = =
, , () ().
( . ! = = 29 ). , , , 2- 3- - ! (. ). ! , !, () !1- : (): 2- (. ): 3- ():
* : 2- go (= went w = ) wend, ! , (. . 162)! 70% , / .
NB ! . . ! E-mail: [email protected] .: (495) 779-69-06/-07 .
awake w bid bind bite cleave
= = ; = = =
awoke w bid/bade , bound bit clave/cleft , 155
awaked/awoke w, w bid/bidden , bound/bounden* , bit /bitten , cleft
154
dare dream drink get grave hang hide lean learn light melt owe
=
dared/durst , dreamed/dreamt , drank got graved hanged/hung , hid leaned/leant , learned lighted/lit , melted
dared dreamed/dreamt , drunk/drunken , got/gotten* , graved/graven* , hanged/hung , hid/hidden* , leaned/leant , learned/learnt* , lighted/lit , melted/molten* , owed
quit w rot seethe sew
=
quitted/quit w, w rotted seethed sewed
quitted/quit w, w rotted/rotten* , seethed/sodden , sewed/sewn* , shrunk/shrunken* , sunk/sunken* , spat spoiled/spoilt , struck/stricken* , thrived/thriven , trod/trodden , worked/wrought. w,
=
=
=
= ()
=
=
=
shrink = () shrank sink spit spoil = sank spit/spat , spoiled/spoilt , struck thrived/throve , trod worked/wrought w, 157
=
=
=
=
=
=
strike = thrive tread work w =
=
=
=
= owed/ought , 156
=
* , , ,
( ):abide (abode, abode) () (, ) () () (, /) () (, ) = = = = = = = , =
:)
: A SUNKEN A LEARNT ship
,= .
beget (begot, begotten) behold (beheld, beheld) beseech (besought, besought) chide (chid, chid/chidden) fling (flung, flung) forsake (forsook, forsaken) gild (gilded, gilded/gilt*) gird (girded/girt, girt)
scholar = . = ;
WROUGHT iron
) , : An horror-STRICKEN man = , (= -).
NB ! . : , !, , , ..
= (, /) = () (/, )
hew = (hewed, hewed/hewn*) (, /) ken** (kent, kent) ()159
=
158
rend (rent, rent)
()
=
= shear (sheared, sheared/shorn*) (, /) sling (slung, slung) slink (slunk, slunk) smite (smote, smit/smitten) () () = ( ) =
= (, /) = = () = = ().
stave (staved/stove, staved/stove) (, ) string (strung, strung) wend** (went, went) wring (wrung, wrung) () w (w) ()
* 3- ; ** , / went 2- go. , ! !!!160
.