alovera ppt

7/27/2019 Alovera ppt

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TOPIC:- PRESENTATION ON ALOVERA


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alovera

Aloe vera, pronounced also known as the truealoe or medicinal aloe, is a species ofsucculent

plant in the genusAloe that is believed to haveoriginated in the Sudan.Aloe vera grows in aridclimates and is widely distributed in Africa,India, Nepal and other arid areas.
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INTRODUCTION The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal

medicine. Many scientific studies on the use of extracts ofAloe vera have been undertaken, some of them

conflicting.[2][3][4][5] Despite these limitations, there is some preliminary

evidence thatAloe vera extracts may be useful in thetreatment of wound and burn healing, minor skin

infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated bloodlipids in humans.[4] These positive effects are thought to bedue to the presence of compounds such as polysaccharides,mannans, anthraquinones, and lectins.
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DescriptionAloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed

succulent plant growing to 60100 cm (2439 in)tall,spreading byoffsets. The leaves are thick and

fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varietiesshowing white flecks on the upper and lower stemsurfaces.[8] The margin of the leaf is serrated and hassmall white teeth. The flowers are produced in

summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flowerpendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 23 cm (0.8

1.2 in) long.[8][9] Like otherAloe species,Aloe veraforms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allowsthe plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil.[10
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TAXANOMY AND ETYMOLOGY

The species has a number ofsynonyms:A. barbadensis Mill.,Aloe indica Royle,Aloe perfoliata L. var. vera andA. vulgarisLam.,[11][12] and common names including Chinese Aloe, Indian

Aloe, true Aloe, Barbados Aloe, burn Aloe, first aid

plant.[9][13][14][15][16]

The species name vera means "true" or"genuine."[13] Some literature identifies the white spotted form ofAloe vera asAloe vera var. chinensis,[17][18] however, the speciesvaries widely with regard to leaf spots [19] and it has beensuggested that the spotted form ofAloe vera may be conspecific

withA. massawana.[20] The species was first described byCarl

Linnaeus in 1753 asAloe perfoliata var. vera,[21] and was describedagain in 1768 byNicolaas Laurens Burman asAloe vera in FloraIndica on the 6th of April and byPhilip Miller asAloebarbadensis some ten days after Burman in the Gardener'sDictionary.[
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Techniques based on DNAcomparison suggest thatAloevera is relatively closely related toAloe perryi, a species thatis endemic toYemen.[23] Similar techniques, using

chloroplast DNA sequence comparison and ISSRprofilinghave also suggested thatAloe vera is closely related toAloe

forbesii,Aloe inermis,Aloe scobinifolia,Aloe sinkatana, andAloe striata.[24] With the exception of South African species

A. striata, theseAloe species are native to Socotra (Yemen),Somalia, and Sudan.[24] The lack of obvious naturalpopulations of the species have led some authors to suggestthatAloe vera may be ofhybrid origin.[25]
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Distribution The natural range ofAloe vera is unclear, as the species has been

widely cultivated throughout the world. Naturalised stands ofthe species occur in the southern half of theArabian peninsula,through North Africa (Morocco, Mauritania, Egypt) as well asSudan and neighbouring countries, along with the Canary, Cape

Verde, and Madeira Islands.[11] This distribution is somewhatsimilar to the one ofEuphorbia balsamifera, Pistacia atlantica,and a few others, suggesting that a dry sclerophyl forest oncecovered large areas, but has been dramatically reduced due to

desertification in the Sahara, leaving these few patches isolated.Several closely related species (or sometimes identical) can befound on the two extreme sides of the Sahara: Dragon trees andAeonium being some of the most representative examples.
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The species was introduced to China and various partsof southern Europe in the 17th century.[26] The speciesis widely naturalised elsewhere, occurring intemperate and tropical regions ofAustralia, Barbados,Belize, Nigeria, Paraguayand the US[19][27] It has beensuggested that the actual species' distribution is theresult of human cultivation and that the taxonomycould be doubtful too.
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CULTIVATION

Aloe vera has been widely grown as an ornamentalplant. The species is popular with modern gardeners asa putativelymedicinal plant and due to its interesting

flowers, form, and succulence. This succulence enablesthe species to survive in areas of low natural rainfall,making it ideal for rockeries and other low-water usegardens.[8] The species is hardy in zones 811, althoughit is intolerant of very heavy frost or snow.[9][28] Thespecies is relatively resistant to most insect pests,though spider mites, mealy bugs, scale insects, andaphid species may cause a decline in plant health.[2
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In pots, the species requires well-drained sandy potting soil and bright sunnyconditions; however, in very hot and humid tropical or subtropical climates,aloe plants should be protected from direct sun and rain, as they will burnand/or turn mushy easily under these conditions. The use of a good-qualitycommercial propagation mix or pre-packaged "cacti and succulent mix" is

recommended, as they allow good drainage.[31]

Terracotta pots are preferable asthey are porous.[31] Potted plants should be allowed to completely dry prior tore-watering. When potted aloes become crowded with "pups" growing from thesides of the "mother plant," they should be divided and re-potted to allow roomfor further growth and help prevent pest infestations. During winter, Aloe veramay become dormant, during which little moisture is required. In areas thatreceive frost or snow, the species is best kept indoors or in heated

glasshouses.

[9]

Large scale agricultural production ofAloe vera is undertaken inAustralia,[32]Bangladesh, Cuba,[33] the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico,[34]India,[35]Jamaica,[36]Kenya and South Africa,[37] along with the USA[38] tosupply the cosmetics industry withAloe veragel.
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USES Aloe vera gel being used to make a dessert. Scientific evidence for the cosmetic and therapeutic effectiveness

of aloe vera is limited and when present is frequentlycontradictory.[2][3] Despite this, the cosmetic and alternative

medicine industries regularly make claims regarding thesoothing, moisturizing, and healing properties of aloe vera,especially via Internet advertising.[4][39][40][41][42] Aloe vera gel isused as an ingredient in commerciallyavailable lotions,yogurt,beverages, and some desserts.[43][44][45]

Aloe vera juice is used for consumption and relief of digestiveissues such as heartburn and irritable bowel syndrome. Theextracts and quantities typically used for these purposes appearto be free from any serious toxicity.[46] It is common practice forcosmetic companies to add sap or other derivatives fromAloevera to products such as makeup, tissues, moisturizers, s
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sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, and shampoos.[43] Other uses for extractsof aloe vera include the dilution ofsemenfor the artificial fertilization ofsheep,[47] use as fresh food preservative,[48] and use inwater conservation insmall farms.[49] The supposed therapeutic uses ofAloe vera are not exclusive tothe species and may be found to a lesser or greater degree in the gels of all

aloes, and indeed are shared with large numbers of plants belonging to thefamilyAsphodelaceae. Bulbine frutescens, for example, is used widely for thetreatment of burns and a host of skin afflictions.[50]

Aloe vera has a long association with herbal medicine, although it is not knownwhen its medical applications were first suspected. Early records ofAloe verause appear in the Ebers Papyrus from 16th century BC,[16] in both Dioscorides'De Materia Medica and Pliny the Elder'sNatural History written in the mid-

first century CE[16]

along with theJuliana Anicia Codex produced in 512 AD.[43]

Aloe vera is non-toxic, with no known side effects, provided the aloin has beenremoved by processing. Taking aloe vera that contains aloin in excess amountshas been associated with various side-effects.[4][5][51] However, the species isused widely in the traditional herbal medicine ofChina,Japan, Russia, SouthAfrica, the United States, Jamaica, Latin America and India.[4]
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Topical application of aloe vera may be effective for genitalherpes and psoriasis.[61] However, it is not effective for theprevention of radiation-induced injuries. Although

anecdotally useful, it has not been proven to offerprotection from sunburn or suntan.[62] In a double-blindclinical trial, both the group using an aloe vera containingdentifrice and the group using a fluoridated dentifrice had

a reduction of gingivitis and plaque, but no statisticallysignificant difference was found between the two.[63]

Aloe vera extracts might have antibacterial and antifungalactivities, which possibly could help treat minor skin

infections, such as boils and benign skin cysts and mayinhibit growth of fungi causing tinea.[64] For bacteria,inner-leaf gel from aloe vera was shown in one study toinhibit growth ofStreptococcus and Shigella species in

vitro.[65] In contrast, aloe vera extracts failed to show

antibiotic properties againstXanthomonas species.[66]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_herpeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_herpeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentifricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibacterialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal_medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthomonashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthomonashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal_medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibacterialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentifricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_herpeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_herpes


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Commodity usesAloe vera is now widely used on facial tissues, where it

is promoted as a moisturiser and/or anti-irritant toreduce chafing of the nose of users suffering hay-fever

or cold.[67] It has also been suggested that biofuelscould be obtained fromAloe vera seeds.[68] It can alsobe used to retwist dreadlocked hair, a favourite agentfor vegans and those preferring natural products. Aloevera is also used for soothing the skin, and keeping theskin moist to help avoid flaky scalp and skin in harshand dry weather. Aloe vera may also be used as amoisturizer for oily skin.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera


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Historical usesAloin was the common ingredient in over-the-counter

(OTC) laxative products in the United States prior to

2003, when the Food and Drug Administration ruledthat aloin was a class III ingredient, thereby banningits use.[69] It should be noted that unprocessed aloethat contains aloin is used primarily as a laxative,

whereas processedAloe vera juice that does notcontain significant amounts of aloin is used as adigestive healer. Manufacturers commonly removealoin in processing due to the FDA ruling.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloin


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Culinary usesAloe is also used as a food substance. Some molecular

gastronomists have begun to take advantage of itsgelling properties. Perhaps the most notable amongthese is Chef Quique Dacosta's "Oysters Guggenheim,"created at El Poblet in Spain.[70
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_gastronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_gastronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_gastronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy


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Sweet of Aloe vera In the town named Manavadar ofGujarat state in

India,a sweet named Kuvar-Pak(Guajarati name ofAloe_vera) is being prepared.It is prepared from Aloe-vera,ghee,milk and sugar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manavadarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manavadar


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Side Effects and Cautions Use of topical aloe vera is not associated with significant side effects. A

2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) study on oral consumptionof non-decolorized whole leaf extract of aloe vera found clear evidenceof carcinogenic activity in male and female rats, based on tumors of thelarge intestine. According to the NTP, from what is known right nowthere is nothing that would lead them to believe that these findings arenot relevant to humans. However, more information, including howindividuals use different types of aloe vera products, is needed todetermine the potential risks to humans. Abdominal cramps anddiarrhea have been reported with oral use of aloe vera. Diarrhea,caused by the laxative effect of oral aloe vera, can decrease the

absorption of many drugs. People with diabetes who use glucose-lowering medication should be cautious if also taking aloe by mouthbecause preliminary studies suggest aloe may lower blood glucoselevels. There have been a few case reports of acute hepatitis from aloe

vera taken orally. However, the evidence is not definitive.[
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Biologically activecompoundsAloe vera leaves contain a range of biologically active

compounds, the best-studied being acetylatedmannans, polymannans, anthraquinone C-glycosides,anthrones and anthraquinones, and various lectins.[4][
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_verahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannans

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