“alternative methods in animal experimentation: evaluating scientific, ethical and social issues...
TRANSCRIPT
“Alternative methods in animal experimentation: evaluating scientific, ethical and social issues in the 3Rs context”
• Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma
• University of Stirling, Stirling, Scozia
• National Institute of Public Health, Bilthoven, Olanda
• University of Utrecht, Olanda
“An alternative for an animal experiment is any procedure - that is: any method or technique, proposal or approach - that is meant to replace a particular science-based procedure that may harm the interests of animals, to reduce the numbers of animals required, or to refine the procedure in such a way that the welfare of the animals in the procedure itself or in its context, is optimised”
“Alternativa a cosa?”
Un approccio alternativo a un problema che motiva un certo esperimento animale è esplorare altri punti di vista mediante i quali affrontare quel determinato problema
‘All procedures which can either completely replace the need for animal experiments, reduce the numbers of animals required, or diminish the amount of pain or distress suffered by animals in meeting the essential needs of man and other animals’
(Smythe, 1978)
‘An alternative for an animal experiment is any procedure – that is: any method or technique, proposal or approach - that is meant to replace a particular science-based procedure that may harm the interests of animals, to reduce the numbers of animals required, or to refine the procedure in such a way that the welfare of the animals in the procedure itself or in its context, is optimised’
(Anim.Al.See., 2004)
Agenda per una analisi teorica e pratica del concetto di “Refinement”
Agenda per una analisi teorica e pratica del concetto di “Refinement”
• Miglioramento delle condizioni di vita dell’animale
Agenda per una analisi teorica e pratica del concetto di “Refinement”
• Miglioramento delle condizioni di vita dell’animale
• Necessità dell’individuo-Etologia dell’animale da laboratorio?
Agenda per una analisi teorica e pratica del concetto di “Refinement”
• Miglioramento delle condizioni di vita dell’animale
• Necessità dell’individuo-Etologia dell’animale da laboratorio?
• “Refinement” dell’attitudine e delle condizioni di lavoro
Agenda per una analisi teorica e pratica del concetto di “Refinement”
• Miglioramento delle condizioni di vita dell’animale
• Necessità dell’individuo-Etologia dell’animale da laboratorio?
• “Refinement” dell’attitudine e delle condizioni di lavoro
• Rischio di antropomorfizzare?
Possibilità di auto-sviluppo comportamentale
Incrementare i gradi di libertà comportamentale
STRATEGIA DI ARRICCHIMENTOSTRATEGIA DI ARRICCHIMENTO
‘‘Controllo’Controllo’
SceltaScelta
Flessibilità comportamentaleFlessibilità comportamentale
Platforms vs. shelters
High branches vs. mid-height branches
Fixed branches vs. movable branches
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Fam. VFam. V
Fam. DFam. D
Fam. CFam. CTime spent by theTime spent by thedifferent familiesdifferent familiesin the two in the two enriched cagesenriched cages
PlatformsPlatforms
SheltersShelters
I°, II°, III°, IV°= Replications
I° II°
II°
II°
I°
I°
III°
III°
III°
IV°
IV°
IV°
*
F6,18=4,27; p<.05
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120
I° II° III° IV°
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i
I° II° III° IV°Fam. DFam. D
Time spent resting byTime spent resting bythe different familiesthe different familieson the two enrichmentson the two enrichments
I°, II°, III°, IV°= Replications
Platforms
Shelters
Fam. CFam. C
Fam. VFam. V
II°
II°
I°
I°
III°
III°
IV°
IV°
*
F6,18=7,55; p<.05
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Fam. V
Time spent in social Time spent in social behaviours on the twobehaviours on the twoenrichments by theenrichments by thedifferent familiesdifferent families
Fam. C
Fam. D
I°, II°, III°, IV°= Replications
Platforms
Shelters
*
*
*
* *
*
I°
I°
I° II°
II°
II° III°
III°
III° IV°
IV°
IV°
F6,18=19,93; p<.05
Etologia dell’animale da laboratorio
Storia della colonia,
della famiglia, dell’individuo
Refinement is defined as "simply to reduce to an absolute minimum the amount of stress imposed on those animals that are still used"
(Russell & Burch, 1959)
“Any approach which avoids, alleviates or minimises the actual or potential pain, distress and other adverse effects suffered at any time during the life of the animals involved, or which enhances their wellbeing as far as possible”
(Anim.Al.See, 2004)