aluminium & iron.docx

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Assignment 2 Building Material (QSB 1513) BQS-April 2013 (Sem1)

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Assignment 2Building Materials (QSB 1513)

Site Research Report

Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons) - APRIL 2013

Abby Ling Lili 0309127

Chu Kah Yan 0308507

Choo Choy Leng 0310096

Derek Yung Lih Shiuan 0308511

Janice Kong Yin Ying 0308798

Ruth Teo 0307901


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Table of Content

Content Page

Introduction 3

Appropriate Usage/Application 4

Physical and Chemical Properties 5

Advantages and Disadvantages 6

Suitability/Sustainability 7

Aesthetical Value 8

Performance Behaviour 9

Maintenance 10 - 11

Conclusion 12

Photo Gallery 13

References 14-16


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Introduction

On 7th June 2013, Pn. Hasmanira organized a trip for us to Segamat, Johor and

also Melaka. This study trip is basically for us to visit to understand and explore more

about building materials. On the first day, we went to AJIYA, a company that

manufacture high-quality glass products, metal roofing, metal door and window

frames, floor decks, metal ceiling and other building materials. The trip was also

organized to help on our group assignment which is about the further research of glass

and metal. After the trip, the research for us is much easier as we had witnessed the

actual process of manufacturing the glass and metal. (AJIYA, 2008). The next day,

we went to Melaka to discover more similar materials that has been adapted in various

kinds of buildings.

For this assignment, we are require to choose two types of metals for further

research on their appropriate usage/application, physical and chemical properties,

advantages and disadvantages, suitability/sustainability, performance behaviour andmaintenance. The 2 types of metals chosen by us are Iron and Aluminium.

Iron is a common metal used in construction as the strength is quite high and

easy to work with compare to others. For aluminium, it is one of the lightest metals

among all the metals and it can be used widely as it is a non-ferrous metal which does

not contain any iron and rust easily.


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Appropriate Usage/Application

Iron is the most regularly encountered metal in daily life, as it is an important

component in every structure, in every type of construction. Buildings, bridges,

skyscrapers, and other types of structure would not be finished if it does not consist of

iron in its framework. Thats the same thing goes by automobiles, aircrafts, ships,

heavy carriers, and heavy machineries. It is a fact that, Iron is also useful at home. For

wrought iron, it is used in outdoor things that can decorate the yard and the patio.

There are iron fences, trellis, and even the most decorative iron furniture can be made

of iron. For cast iron, it is an important form that is used to makes pots, pans, ovens,

and trays as cast iron has a heating element. (Uses Of, 2013)

For aluminium, it is a popular metal that has many uses and useful properties.

It is used at home, in construction, car parts and also in most of the modes of

transportation. As in home, it is used for frames of windows, door knobs and to make

utensils in the kitchen. For construction, most of the construction material usesaluminium to make it. E.g.: windows, pins, doors and etc. Moreover, aluminium is

also famous to make the parts of aircraft carriers as it is a light weight metal. (Shivade,

2013)


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Physical & Chemical Properties

Iron is a silvery-white or greyish metal. Iron without carbon, it is softer and

more malleable, ductile and magnetic. Malleable is the capability of being shaped,

iron can form into thin sheets easily by hammering; while ductile is the capability of

forming into a desired shape by using tension, it can form into thin wires. Iron is

magnetic in a magnetic field where it will attract magnet or vice versa. Iron dissolves

quickly in dilute acids and corrodes faster in a high temperature. Generally, iron has a

high tensile strength; it can be stretched without breaking. Iron with carbon, the

strength is greater and it will be harder, but the ductility and weld-ability will be

reduced. Iron is an active metal and readily combines with oxygen in moist air. The

product of the reaction is iron oxide (Fe2O3) which also known as rusting. It will

produce hydrogen gas with it react with hot water or steam. Iron is one of the metals

in the first transition series. Iron has atomic number 26, atomic weight 55.85 g mol,

and stable isotopes 54 (5.9%), 56 (91.6%), 57 (2.2%) and 58 (0.33%). It has

7.86 g/cm3 for the density. The boiling point is around 3000C while the melting

point is around 1535C.

Aluminium is also a silvery-white metal. Generally the properties are almost

same with iron or other metals. It is also soft, malleable and ductile but it is a non-

magnetic metal. It is one of the lightest metals with low density around 2.70 g/cm3. It

is easier to be machined, cast, drawn and extruded. Like most of the metal, aluminium

is also a good thermal and electrical conductor. Aluminium will not rust easily as

when it exposed to air, a thin layer of aluminium oxide is formed and preventing

further oxidation; thus, the corrosion resistance is improved. When aluminium is

oxidized by water, it will produce hydrogen gas and heat. It is categorized in post-

transition metal. Aluminium has an atomic number of 13 and an atomic weight of

26.981539 g mol. Although it has many isotopes but only 27Al (stable isotope) and

26Al (radioactive isotope) occur naturally. The boiling point is around 2467C while

the melting point is much lower compare to iron which is only 660.37C.


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Advantages and Disadvantages

With the used of 25 million metric tons in a year, aluminium become the

second most commonly used metal in the industries after steel. If you think of this

metal, lightness is the property of aluminium that first comes to our mind. Aluminium

is the lightest among all metal, the structure made by aluminium can be 50% lighter

than a structure made up by stainless steel. Besides that, it has high thermal

conductivity; hence it is a good heat conductor. It is very good resistance to corrosion,

hence the appearance of a product made by aluminium can preserved longer and

maintain a good surface appearance even though after a period of time. The ease ofuse because aluminium alloy can be processed without the need of machine tools and

ease of recycling causes this metal widely use in the construction industries. Besides

the good sides of aluminium, there are also some disadvantages. Aluminium has poor

mechanical strength which it can be easily extruding and casting into solid or other

shapes. In addition, aluminium has high and fluctuating cost.

The iron making process was first discovered in Hittite around 2000 BC. Since

then, iron continued to be used in making products for the following 4000 years

because of it good performance in formability and usability iron. Besides that, Iron

had been widely used in engineering application because of it high strength and low

cost to made structural component for building. Despite the advantage, there is an

exception; the disadvantage of iron is it will rust easily.

Aluminium VS Iron


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Suitability/Sustainability

Sustainability is a simple concept for a business or industry to put its verbal

maintain behind. As we know that, steel is one of the most recycled materials on the

Earth, more than all other materials combined. It shows that iron has a higher capital

cost compared to PVC and aluminium but their whole life costs over a 100 year life

cycle are only 35% of that of PVC and aluminium. The materials also have a

significantly lower impact in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions than

PVC and aluminium. From an environmental aspect, it shows that irons are much

greener and sustainable than the modern materials. (admin, 2008)

For aluminium, it shows that aluminium has highly successful sustainability

initiative by the aluminium industry was its creation of the aluminium can recycling

infrastructure. Other than that, much of the aluminium role is to reduce the emissions,

fuel use, and energy consumption come, of course, through a products lifespan

particularly in automotive and transportation. As a result, it shows that aluminiumslight weight and combined with its durability could result in a very dramatic fuel and

emissions savings. (Duration, 1985) Besides that, the recycling process of the

aluminium also creates high quality of aluminium which loses none of the physical

properties of primary aluminium and also uses just 5% of the energy it takes to

generate primary aluminium. (Aluminum, 2001)


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Aesthetic Value

With the help of modern technology, metals are no longer just a product with

optimal functionality. The industries tend to improve the appearance of the metal

product to become more aesthetic in value. Aluminium and Iron has become a popular

choice on decorative purpose. Both have been commonly used as gate, railing, frame,

fencing and others.

From the visit to the metal factory, we found that aluminium can be

manufacture as a roofing product, strip ceiling, regal tiles ceiling and so forth. The

factory had manufactured various types of roofing product, all of them have several

colours for selection, and they are all with stylish asymmetrical curve. As for strip

ceiling it is manufactured from colour coated aluminium coil. It form a linear

appearance with square or round edges design which helps enhance the perspective of

building internally as well as externally (Ajiya, 2008).

Iron are commonly use in forming gate and railing, the design are vary and

depends on the customer desire. The common designs are diamond shape, flower

pattern, straight and circle shape etc. The modern type of iron railing and gate, have

simpler and straight forward outlook. It enhances the perspective of the building.


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Performance/Behaviour

Iron

Iron is a good material to be used in construction because it is strong, tough, easily

formed and worked, and very importantly, cheap compared to the alternatives

(Calvert, 2002). Iron is also used as one of the main component in alloys such as

stainless steel which contains 74% iron.

The disadvantages of the performance of iron are its weight and being able to rust

(Calvert, 2002). When iron is exposed to damp air, a brown surface will form on the

surface of the metal. This is when rusting starts to occur. Rusting occurs in the

presence of iron, oxygen and water. Therefore, iron is not commonly use in areas that

are exposed to air and water. In order to avoid rusting a coat of paint is usually

painted on the iron. Therefore, iron is often combined with other metals to form alloys

that will make the metal stronger and corrosion-resistant.

Aluminium

Aluminium is a material that is used widely in the construction industry because it is

lightweight, easily shaped and corrosion-resistant. It is corrosion resistant because

when the surface ofaluminium metal is exposed to air, a protective oxide coating

forms almost instantaneously. This oxide layer is corrosion resistant and can be

further enhanced with surface treatments such as anodising (Aalco, 2005). The cost of

aluminium is rather more expensive compared to iron which is one of the

disadvantages. Lastly, window and door frames are made from anodised aluminium

and therefore do not require painting because the aluminium oxide layer prevents

them from attack by air and water.
http://www.azom.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=2745http://www.azom.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=2745


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Maintenance

Maintenance of Iron

A lot of the architecture used iron decoratively and structurally. The retention of

traditional ironwork such as gates and railings can be enormously beneficial to the

quality and character of the building. Such period features enhance the appearance

and value of traditional buildings, and are costly to replace if they are removed. This

is why building owners and occupiers should maintain and repair their existing iron

gates and railing.

Regular maintenance

Regular maintenance is the most effective method of prolonging the life of ironwork.

Annual inspections should be conducted to check for:

damage to paint coatings signs of corrosion missing sections damage to stone copes

DOs and DONTs

DO clean the surface of the existing paint thoroughly using water, taking care to

remove any areas of rust, dirt or grease, and then sandpaper the paint to provide a

good key for the fresh coats.

DONT paint over rust. A clean, well prepared surface is essential before applying

paint. This will ensure that the paint adheres properly to the iron and will improve its

effectiveness. It will also prolong the life of the paint.


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Maintenance of Aluminium

The best way to keep aluminium looking pristine is regular cleaning to remove any

buildup of dirt. If left for an extended period of time, grime can cause staining and

depending on the extent of staining will require a harsher cleaning system to remove

the stain. In cleaning aluminium one should always start with the mildest method

possible and only move to successively harsher treatments if absolutely necessary.

Cleaning Methods of Aluminium

The cleaning methods in ascending order of harshness are:

Plain water Mild soap / detergent solvents such as kerosene, turpentine or white spirit Non-etching chemical cleaner Wax-based polish Abrasive wax Abrasive cleaner


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Conclusion

Throughout this assignment, we have improved our understanding towards the

building materials that we had discovered during the study trip, especially the types of

metals that had been chosen by us for this assignment which is iron and aluminium.

We had seen that metal can be manufactured into various kinds of products.

Aluminium is one of the most popular metals manufactured in factory as it is more

widely used in buildings compared to iron. Although the price of aluminium is

slightly higher, consumer still usually choose to use aluminium more than iron is

because the maintenance in long run for iron is higher. We also explored a lot of

special features and also the process of manufacturing Iron and Aluminium. We must

fully understand the pros and cons of the metals in order to help us on deciding

suitable material in the construction.

Besides that, we had also learned to improve our teamwork among our group

members. We learned how to cope in some obstacles that we had faced while doingthis group assignment. This is essential as teamwork is needed in our future career in

order for us to complete a project successfully.


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Photo Gallery

Aluminium Product (Roofing)

Iron Product (Railing & Gate)


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References

1. Aalco (2005, May 17).Aluminium - An Introduction To Aluminium Properties,Production and Applications, Supplier Data by Aalco.

Retrieved July 10, 2013, from

http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2861#_Building_and_Architect

ure

2. Admin (2008).Iron and copper: "More sustainable than modern materials" -Greenbang.

Retrieved from:

http://www.greenbang.com/iron-and-copper-more-sustainable-than-modern-

materials_3608.html

3. Aluminum (2001).Aluminum | Aluminum and Sustainability.Retrieved from:

http://www.aluminum.org/Content/NavigationMenu/NewsStatistics/Sustainabi

lity/default.htm#Lifecycle%20Considerations

4. Anonymous (n.d). Aluminium: Aluminium,AlRetrieved from:

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/102aluminum.html

5. Azom.com (2011). Aluminium - Handling, Storage, Maintenance and Cleaning,Supplier Data by Aalco. [online]

Retrieved from:

http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2857#_Maintenance [Accessed:

6 July 2013].

6. Calvert, J. B. (2002, December 13).Iron.Retrieved July 10, 2013, from: http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/iron.htm

7. Charbroil.com (2013). How do I keep my cast iron grates from rusting? [online]Retrieved from:http://www.charbroil.com/maintenance/keep-cast-iron-grates-

from-rusting.html [Accessed: 5 July 2013]
http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2861#_Building_and_Architecturehttp://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2861#_Building_and_Architecturehttp://www.greenbang.com/iron-and-copper-more-sustainable-than-modern-materials_3608.htmlhttp://www.greenbang.com/iron-and-copper-more-sustainable-than-modern-materials_3608.htmlhttp://www.aluminum.org/Content/NavigationMenu/NewsStatistics/Sustainability/default.htm%23Lifecycle%20Considerationshttp://www.aluminum.org/Content/NavigationMenu/NewsStatistics/Sustainability/default.htm%23Lifecycle%20Considerationshttp://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/102aluminum.htmlhttp://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/102aluminum.htmlhttp://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2857#_Maintenancehttp://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/iron.htmhttp://www.charbroil.com/maintenance/keep-cast-iron-grates-from-rusting.htmlhttp://www.charbroil.com/maintenance/keep-cast-iron-grates-from-rusting.htmlhttp://www.charbroil.com/maintenance/keep-cast-iron-grates-from-rusting.htmlhttp://www.charbroil.com/maintenance/keep-cast-iron-grates-from-rusting.htmlhttp://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/iron.htmhttp://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2857#_Maintenancehttp://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/102aluminum.htmlhttp://www.aluminum.org/Content/NavigationMenu/NewsStatistics/Sustainability/default.htm%23Lifecycle%20Considerationshttp://www.aluminum.org/Content/NavigationMenu/NewsStatistics/Sustainability/default.htm%23Lifecycle%20Considerationshttp://www.greenbang.com/iron-and-copper-more-sustainable-than-modern-materials_3608.htmlhttp://www.greenbang.com/iron-and-copper-more-sustainable-than-modern-materials_3608.htmlhttp://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2861#_Building_and_Architecturehttp://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2861#_Building_and_Architecture


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8. Davies, G. ( Oct 21, 2003 ). Materials for Automobile BodiesRetrieved from:

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ge+%26+disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUXcUZCkBoWCr

gfRr4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20&f=false

9. Duration (1985).Aluminium Sustainability - Duration Windows.Retrieved from:

http://www.duration.co.uk/AluminiumSustainability.asp

10.J.B. Calvert (2002). Iron: Iron.Retrieved from:

http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/iron.htm

11.J. Weidner, S. Fujimoto, G. S. Frankel, T. Haruna.( Aug 1, 2009). Critical Factorsin Localized Corrosion 6, in Honor of Professor Shibata, Issue 52

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dvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_e

sc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=false

12.Muljadi, Paul . IronRetrieved from:

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antage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc

=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=false

13.Reeves, E. A., Heathcote, M. ( Jun 17, 2013). Newnes Electrical Pocket BookRetrieved from:

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vantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VwHZUZvnB8KFrAfpuoGQAg&

redir_esc=y

14.Shivade, M. (2013).Aluminium: Uses of Aluminium.
http://books.google.com.my/books?id=s0i32LSfrJ4C&pg=PA87&dq=advantage+%26+disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUXcUZCkBoWCrgfRr4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=s0i32LSfrJ4C&pg=PA87&dq=advantage+%26+disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUXcUZCkBoWCrgfRr4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=s0i32LSfrJ4C&pg=PA87&dq=advantage+%26+disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUXcUZCkBoWCrgfRr4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20&f=falsehttp://www.duration.co.uk/AluminiumSustainability.asphttp://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/iron.htmhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=0o4DnYptWdgC&pg=PA331&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=0o4DnYptWdgC&pg=PA331&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=0o4DnYptWdgC&pg=PA331&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=fGcX4ZjbsqgC&pg=PA14&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=fGcX4ZjbsqgC&pg=PA14&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=fGcX4ZjbsqgC&pg=PA14&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=KcI99VbjwPwC&pg=PT40&dq=disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VwHZUZvnB8KFrAfpuoGQAg&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=KcI99VbjwPwC&pg=PT40&dq=disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VwHZUZvnB8KFrAfpuoGQAg&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=KcI99VbjwPwC&pg=PT40&dq=disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VwHZUZvnB8KFrAfpuoGQAg&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=KcI99VbjwPwC&pg=PT40&dq=disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VwHZUZvnB8KFrAfpuoGQAg&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=KcI99VbjwPwC&pg=PT40&dq=disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VwHZUZvnB8KFrAfpuoGQAg&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=KcI99VbjwPwC&pg=PT40&dq=disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VwHZUZvnB8KFrAfpuoGQAg&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=fGcX4ZjbsqgC&pg=PA14&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=fGcX4ZjbsqgC&pg=PA14&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=fGcX4ZjbsqgC&pg=PA14&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=0o4DnYptWdgC&pg=PA331&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=0o4DnYptWdgC&pg=PA331&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=0o4DnYptWdgC&pg=PA331&dq=disadvantage+of+iron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNjcUZ73EMPyrQfU3oGADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=disadvantage%20of%20iron&f=falsehttp://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/iron.htmhttp://www.duration.co.uk/AluminiumSustainability.asphttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=s0i32LSfrJ4C&pg=PA87&dq=advantage+%26+disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUXcUZCkBoWCrgfRr4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=s0i32LSfrJ4C&pg=PA87&dq=advantage+%26+disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUXcUZCkBoWCrgfRr4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=s0i32LSfrJ4C&pg=PA87&dq=advantage+%26+disadvantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUXcUZCkBoWCrgfRr4Eo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20&f=false


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Retrieved from:

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15.Uses of (2013). Uses of Iron | Uses Of.Retrieved from:

http://www.usesof.net/uses-of-iron.html

16.Vargel, C. (Oct 2, 2004). Corrosion of AluminiumRetrieved from:

http://books.google.com.my/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PR9&dq=adv

antage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wP_YUZ3AG4SBrgeXsIAo&redir_

esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20of%20aluminium&f=false
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/aluminum-uses-of-aluminum.htmlhttp://www.usesof.net/uses-of-iron.htmlhttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PR9&dq=advantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wP_YUZ3AG4SBrgeXsIAo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20of%20aluminium&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PR9&dq=advantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wP_YUZ3AG4SBrgeXsIAo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20of%20aluminium&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PR9&dq=advantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wP_YUZ3AG4SBrgeXsIAo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20of%20aluminium&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PR9&dq=advantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wP_YUZ3AG4SBrgeXsIAo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20of%20aluminium&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PR9&dq=advantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wP_YUZ3AG4SBrgeXsIAo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20of%20aluminium&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.my/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PR9&dq=advantage+of+aluminium&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wP_YUZ3AG4SBrgeXsIAo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=advantage%20of%20aluminium&f=falsehttp://www.usesof.net/uses-of-iron.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/aluminum-uses-of-aluminum.html

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