amd - astigmatisme 2
DESCRIPTION
AMD - astigmatismeTRANSCRIPT
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AMD
Age-related macula degeneration
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Definisi
• penyakit degeneratif bagian makula retina yang dapat menyebabkan hilangnya tajam penglihatan sentral pada orang berusia > 55 tahun
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Etiologi
• Umur > 55 tahun• Genetik• Hipertensi • DM• Fx resiko : rokok, paparan uv, obesitas
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Gejala Klinis• Distorsi penglihatan, objek objek terlijat salah
ukuran atau bentuk• Garis lurus mengalami distorsi terutama di
bagian pusat penglihatan• kemampuan membedakan warna dengan jelas• ada daerah kosong atau gelap di pusat
penglihatan• kesulitan membaca, kata kata terlihat kabur atau
terbayang• kehilangan fungsi penglihatan tanpa terasa nyeri
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Klasifikasi
• Tipe kering ( dry-non neovaskular/ non eksudatif)
• tipe basah ( wet - neovaskular/ eksudatif)
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Patogenesis
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Pemeriksaan
• tes amsler grid• tes penglihatan warna• funduskopi
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Penatalaksanaan
• AMD non eksudatiftidak ada terapi khusus --> di bantu dengan
alat bantu penglihatanpencegahan :pemberian vit c 500 mg, vit e 400 iu,
betacarotene 15 mg, zinc 80 mg, tembaga 2 mg --> sehari
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AMD eksudatif• argon green laser photocoagulation• PDT• pembedahan• antiangiogenik interferon alfa-29 dan
inhibitor VEGF --> sedang diteliti
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prognosis
• AMD bersifat progresif , ireversible• dry AMD : perkembangan berjalan lambat
--> lanjut ( 5tahun)• wet AMD --> tidak diobati --> kehilangan
penglihatan signifikan
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ASTIGMATISME
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DEFINISI
• sinar yang masuk tidak difokuskan pada asatu titik pada retina tetapi lebih dari satu titik
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Etiologi
• kelainan kornea• kelainan lensa
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Gejala
• Penglihatan kabur• Head tilting• Menengok untuk melihat lebih jelas• Memegang bacaan lebih dekat
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tipe astigmatisme reguler
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Talak
• koreksi dengan lensa cilinder bersama dengan sferis kalau ada