أجهزة طبية 1 نظري

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––١١FFEE

٢٤٠٢٤٠

א –١FE

٢٤٠ א

،אאא،،W

א א א א א א אא אא،אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא؛אא

אאאK

אאאאאאאא ،א אא

אאאאאא،אאאא،אא

א א אאא א אא א א א א ،א א א

Kאא،אא

א א ? –١FE ??אא ?אאאאאאאK

אאאא אאא

אאאא،א،אאאאאK

אאא؛אאK

אאאא

אJ١ א

٢٤٠

Wאאאאאא א

אאאאאאא אKאאאאאאא

אKאאאאW،،K

אאאאא אאאKאאאא،،١٠W

• אK• אK• אK• אאK• אK• אK• אאK• אK• אאK • אאK

אאאא

––١١

א

א

١

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١ -

אאElectrocardiogram Machine (ECG)

אאWאאאK

WאאאאאW

١. אא٢. אא אא .٣٤. אאאא٥. א٦. אא٧. אאאא

אאאWאאא٩٥K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW٦K

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢ -

אאECG machine)Eאאאא

אאא Kא א אאא אK

אאאאא ECGאא א א א Electrodes א

אאאא١٩٠١Kאאא אא

K

١١א

١١אW

אF١١EאאאאאאDual PumpKאאאאK

א א א א א א אאאאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٣ -

אאאא،אאאאאאאK

אאWאאאאאאK אאאאאאא،

אא א KאאאאאאאKאאא

،אא،אאאא،א Kא

אאאאאאאKא Myocardium

אאאאאאK א،אאאא SAKאאאאאא

אאאאSA nodeאPacemaker אאTrigger Signal Kאא

אאאאKאאSAאאאAtrioventricular node

AV nodeKאאKאאאאאKאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאK

אאא،אאאElectrocardiogram (ECG)K

אאאאECG machine)KE

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٤ -

٢١אElectrocardiogram (ECG)KWא

אא אא אא

אKאאאKFjellEאאאאא

Kא אא א

אאאאאא Wא١. אאאRight Arm (RA)K٢. אאאLeft Arm (LA)٣. אאRight Leg (RL) ٤. אאLeft Leg (LL)٥. אChest (C)

Lead SelectorKאא

אאECG אאאאאFLead KE

א א Right Leg (RA) אLead SelectorאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥ -

٢١א

אא٢١W

١. אאאBiopolar Limb LeadI , Lead II , Lead III Lead אא א אא

Einthoven TriangleEאFאאLA אאא: (Lead I)אא

אאאאRAאFאKE

אא: (Lead II)אאLL אאאאאאRAאFELA RAK

אא: (Lead III)אאLL אא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٦ -

אאאאLAאFERL RAK

٢. אאאUnipolar Limb LeadW

אAVRFLead AVR WEאאאRA אאאאאLA אאLLאאK

אAVLFLead AVL WEאאאLA אא

אאאRA אאLLאאK

אAVFFLead AVF WEאאLLאאאאאRA אאאLA אאK

٣. אאאUnipolar Limb LeadW אאאאאV Leads ( V1 - V6 )

אאא אאא אאFRA, LA, LL E א

resistor Wilson networkאאK א א א K

אF٣١EW١. אP Wא ،אאא

Depolarization،אאאFאאKEPאאאaVR א،٣

١١٠K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٧ -

٢. (QRS Complex) QRS WאאאDepolarizationFאא KEא ٤٠٨٠msF KE

QRSאאW • QW٠١٠–٠٢٠K• RWאאאQK• SWאאאRK

٣. T W אRepolarization אאא

א אאFאא KEאאאQRSKאT

• I, II, V3, V4, V5, V6 • aVRKaVR, aVF,V1, V2, IIIKא •• אאK• א٥١٠אאא،

אאK אU אTא،

אאאK?אא Myocardial infarction א

אאאKא אאא?K

אאW١. אP-RWאאPאאQRSאאא

אא) אאEאא١٢٠٢٠٠K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٨ -

٢. אS-TWQRS،SאTאאאאKאT-PKא

אIschaemiaK٣. Q-TWאאQRS אT،אא

FHeart RateEאאאK ٤. אR-RFR-R intervalEאאHRK

א،אאא

אW• אK• אאK• אK• אאFR–RE

W

• R–PאאאאאאאאblockHeartFא א

אאאאEK

• אאQRSא0.06אאאאאאK

• UאTאאK• אאT١٠אאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩ -

aK٣١אECG

.b٣١אECGאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٠ -

אאW

א،אאאK٤١אאאBlock Diagram א

אאECGK

Wאאאא

١. אCalibrationWאאאא

א،א1mVאK٢. אSensitivityW

،אאאאאאF1mVE،אא

אK٣. אPosition controlW

אאאK

٤. MarkWאאא

אאK٥. אאאStylusW

אאאECGאאאאאאא،אאK

٦. אStylus Speed WאאF٢٥J٥٠EL

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١١ -

אאאאאאאא،אאF٢٥ELK

אאאאאאאK

٧. אFאEFuseWאאאאאאאא

Kא٨. אאAmplifiersW

אאKאאאאאאK

٩. אFiltersWאאאאאא

א،אאאאאאK GroundWא .١٠

אאא،אאאK LeadsWא .١١

אאK ١٢. אC.R.OW

אאאא،אK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢ -

٤١אאאאאK

Wאאאא

١. אMotor Speed RegulatingK٢. אTiming RegulatingK٣. אPower SupplyK٤. אVoltage RegulatingK Signal AmplificationKא .٥ Signal Filtrationא .٦Signal Processing & Beat detection Kאא .٧

١. אMotor Speed RegulatingW

אאאאאאאאאא،אאא

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٣ -

٢. אTiming RegulatingWאאאא

אאאF٢٢EאאאאאאאאאאאאK

٣. אPower SupplyWאאאאF٢٢٠VEF١٢VE

אאK٤. אVoltage RegulatingW

אאאF٣٠–٤٠KHzEאאאאאאאאאF٧VEא

Kאאא Signal AmplificationWא .٥

אKאאאאאאאאאKאא،

אאאאאאK

אאIsolation Amplifier אאאאKאא

אאF60 Hz/ 120 V ac EאאKאאאאא א א א א א

אאאאאK

אΩ1012אאK

אאאF٥١EאאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٤ -

• אאOptically coupled • אCurrent loading • אCurrent Carrier

٥١אאIsolation amplifier

אאPreamplifierW

אאECG אאאWאא٣mV،אאF0.01 to 200 HzKE

אאאאאKאא،אbioelectric amplifierאאאאאאאK

א א א א א א FEdifferential bioelectric amplifier F ٦١ E א א

אאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٥ -

٥. ٦. ٦١Differential amplifier

٧. )(* 12 VVAV clout −=

٨. 12

RRA cl =

א א א bioelectric instrumentation amplifier אאאF ٧١E

אאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٦ -

٧١Instrumentation amplifier

)(* 12 VVAV clout −=

)12)(

4321(

RR

RRA cl +=

אאAcl=1000

٦KאFiltersWECG אאא

אאFNoiseKEאאECGW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٧ -

אWאאECGאאאאאK

אWאאאא אא א א٢

Hz א ،אאאא א אאK

א Wא א א א K

א א א אא W א א אאא.(60 Hz)

ECGאאאא

אW

• אאK• אאאאKKאא •• אKKאאאאא •• אאK

אאאאא

א אא א א אאאאECGאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٨ -

אאאLow pass filter(fc=200 Hz)W

א Fא ٨١Eא א א אא א fc א Acl

٨١אאאאאא

)231(

RRA cl +=

CRf c ***2

1

1Π=

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٩ -

אאאHigh pass filter(fc=0.1 Hz)W

٩١אאאאאא

א Fא ٩١Eא א אאאא fc א Acl fcAclאאK

Notch filterF١٠١Eא(fn=60 Hz)W

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٠ -

١٠١אאאאא

CRf n ***2

=

٧KאאW

אאאאאKאאאאאKאאא

Band pass filterאאF14-20 HzEאאKאא

אKאאאאKאW

אאאאאW

HRZR ٣אF١٥E٢٠KHRZR ٦אF٣٠E١٠KHRZR ١٠אF٥٠E٦KHRZ١٥٠٠אאאRKHRZ٦٠אאRK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢١ -

٣١אW

אאאW

א .١ א א א א אא א Fjell KE א

אא،אא1 mv K٢. אאאאא

אאK ٣. אאאאאאא

אאאK FLead selectorEאאאאא .٤ Kאאאאאא .٥ Kאאאאא .٦ Wאא .٧

Kאאאאא - أFCRTEאאאא - ب

אאאK

אא א ,coil אאאK

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאKאא

Kא١١EKF١אאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٢ -

אאא١١EF١א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٣ -

FECGאאאאאאא one channelEאאFmulti channel ECGKE١٢١אא

אK

aK١٢١ECG א

bK١٢١ECG אא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٤ -

cK١٢١ECG אא

dK١٢١ ECG אאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٥ -

١. אאאאאK

٢. אאאאאאK

٣. אאאאאאK

٤. אא،אאאאא،אא

אאא؟א

٥. אאא؟א

٦. אאאאא؟א

؟

٧. אאאאאא؟א

؟

٨. אאאאאK

אא

––١١

א

٢

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٢٦ -

א

אאWאאK

WאאאאאW

١. א ٢. א ٣. אא ٤. א

אאאWאאא٨٥K٪

אאW

J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٢٧ -

W

א א א א אאאאאSA nodeאא

אKא١٩٠١אאאאא

אאאא א א ،אאאא

K

א ١٩٥٩ א א א א K א א Pacemaker Y [Y

Kאא[א

א١٩٥٩ א א אאאK

١٢אW ، אא א א אאאא Kאא

א א אאאאאאאאFאא١٢E

אאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٢٨ -

א א אאא א א אא،אK

١٢אאא

א אא ٦٠Jא٨٠

٨٠–א١١٠אא١٠٠אאא K א א אאא

،אאאאאאK

אאאאאא،אאא

אאFאKEאאאאאאאאW،אא،אאאאא،אאא

א א Kא א אא ،א א א א א א א א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

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אאאא،אאאאאאK

٢٢א PacemakerWא Fא E

אאאאאאK

א א א א א W ،א אKאאא אאא אא א

אKא٢٥א٦٨אK٢٢אאK

٢٢א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٠ -

٣٢אא PacemakerאW

١. W א א א אאאאאאאאא

אאאK ٢. אאWאאא،

אאאK ٣٢אWאא

א٤٢אאאאK

٣٢אWאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

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٤٢אאאאאK

٤٢אאWאאאאא

א،אאאא א א א א א

אאאאאאK אא א א

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א א א א א א

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٢٤٠ א

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אאאאאאאא،אאאא Kאא

אאאאאא א א א א K

אאאFFאEEא،אאא

אאאאK Wאאאא .١

א א א א א אאאא،אאאFFאKEE

٢. אWFאאE אאאא

אFFא EEאא FFא EE א א אא K א א

א א ،א א א אאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٣ -

٣. אאאאאאWאאאאאאא

אאאאא،א א א אא א ،א א ،אאאאאK

אאאאאאאאא אא א ،א F א

אאEאאאאאאW אאא א א

אאאאאK

א א אא א א אאאאאאKא

אאאPHK

٦٢אאאאW א א אא K

אאאאWאא،،א ،א אאא،אא

אKאאאאאאW١. אא

אאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٤ -

٢. אאאאאא،אKאאאאאאאK

٣. אאאאא MRI אאא

אא،אאאאK

٤. א א אא א אא א אאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٥ -

٧٢אאאWא אא א א א

אאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאK

א א א א אאאאא

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אאאאאאW אא א אא א א

W ،א א ،א א א א،א،א،א،אאK

אאאאWאאאאאא

אאא אאאאא٤J٨אאאאא

אאאאאאK א א

אאא Fא EאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٦ -

אאWאאF٥٢EאאאK

אאאאאSAK

F٥٢Eאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٧ -

١. אא؟א

א؟ .٢

٣. א؟א

٤. אK

٥. אאא؟א

٦. אאאאK

אא

––١١

א

٣

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٨ -

אDefibrillator

אאWאאK

WאאאאאW

١. אאא٢. א ٣. אאאא אא .٤٥. אאא

אאאWאאא٩٥K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW٣

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٩ -

١٣אDefibrillator

אFאאEDefibrillatorF١٣Eא

אאאאאאKאאאאאא

Cardiac ArrhythmiasאאאאKאאאאK1960 אאאאAC Power60 ،

א5 6 א250 ms 1000 msKאאאאאאאאא

DC 1960 א K אאאאאdc shock

אW

١. א א ، א א،אא،אא

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٠ -

٢. אא ، א אאאאאSynchronize)Eא

אאאאאPQRSTאRK

١٣אWאאאPaddles F Eא Kא א

א،אאK א א א אא

Capacitor אא،אא،אאאאאאא

אאאKאאאF٢٣KE

F٢٣Eאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤١ -

אאא אא 50 700 אאW

( 1 ) 2V.C 2

=U

W

UWאאא( Joul ) א( Watt - Second )CWאCapacitance אא( F ) K

V Wאאא( V ) K

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٢٤٠ א

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א( Monopulse ) ،Tapered DC Delayאא( Trapezoidal ) KאW

١ELown Waveform W

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٢msKא5א ms F٣٣E، א 5 ms 10 ms

אאK،אאאאKאאאאF٤٣KE

٣٣

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٣ -

٤٣אאא

٢EאאMonopulse Waveform W

אאא،אא Kאא Kאא

Lown ،אאאא٥٣K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٤ -

٥٣אאMonopulse Waveform

٣ETapered DC Delay Waveform W

א אאאא אאאms 15א٦٣Kא

אאאKאLown،אאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٥ -

٦٣Tapered DC Delay Waveform

٤EאאאTrapezoidal Waveform W

א א ،אאאms 20Kאא800 V 900 Vאאms 1.5K

א500 Vms 18.5אms 1.5ms 20א٧٣K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٦ -

٧٣אאאTrapezoidal Waveform

٢٣אPaddles WאאאאאאאKאאאאאF٨٣EW

• אאAnterior Paddles K

• אאPosterior Paddles K

• אאאAnterior / Anteriorאא

א،אPosterior / Anterior אKאאא،אא

• Pediatric Paddles K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٧ -

• אאאInterior PaddlesK• אא،

א،אא،אאאאאאאאאKאאאאא

אא،אאאאאK

א٨٣

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אאאאאW١. אאאK٢. אK٣. אאאK٤. אאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٨ -

אאאW١. אאאאK٢. ،אאא

אאאאK

א .٣ אא א א אPacemaker K

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א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٩ -

١. אאא؟؟א

٢. אאא؟א

٣. ؟אאא

٤. אאאאאF5 K VEאאF300 Watt SecondKE

٥. א אאא אאא،

אKאאאאאאא .٦

Wאאא .٧

Kא - أKאא - ب

אאאא

––١١

אא

٤

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

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אא

אאWאאאK

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١. אא ٢. אאא ٣. אא

אאאWאאא0٩K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

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אאCentrifuge

Wאאאאאאא

אאא(Red Blood Cells RBC)אא( White Blood Cells WBC)אא.(Blood Plasma )אא

אאאאKאאאאאאK

אאאא،אאאאאאאאאאKא

אאאאאאאאאאK

١٤אאWא א א א א א א

Kאאאאאאאאאאאא

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אW

Tr2v π=

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

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WVWאאאK

rπ 2 WאאאאאאאKT WאאאאאאK

א (f= 1 /T) א f א אאא אאאאK

T = 1 / f W

rT2v π= אא א א א אאא אω

א אא אא א אאאאאאKאאאאאאאא360

א

אאאZ الزاوية إلزاحة

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א אא א א א א א

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ω 2r

v 2

mrmF ==

אאא אאאאאא א א א אא א K א

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