오픈소스 라이선스 세미나 (2014/07/15)

오픈소스라이선스세미나 류창우 cwryu@debian.org

0. IANAL

IANAL● 전산학전공자● 회사다니는개발자● Debian developer (1998-)

o 패키징 , 번역 , 테스트 , …o debian-legal mailing list read-only-member

흔한오픈소스라이선스발표블랙덕소프트웨어코리아http://www.slideshare.net/mosaicnet/-4923192 (17쪽 )

흔한오픈소스라이선스발표 (계속 ) 문제점

- 기업입장- " 오픈소스를가져다쓰는 litch" 기업입장- GPL 소송을당하지않기위한도움

1. 동기부여

신경써야되나 ?

● "골치아파요 "● " 법무팀이알아서하겠지 "

Q: 저작권이우리를지켜줄까 ?

Q: 저작권이우리를지켜줄까 ?

A: 대부분의경우 , 아닐것 .

현재의추세

●  저작권제도는갈수록강화되고있음

● 작가가아니라대형출판사● 뮤지션이아니라대형앨범레이블● 개발자가아니라대형소프트웨어기업주도

골치아픈선택

1. 저작권제도무시2. 저작권제도에타협

허가문화와그반감

Lawrence Lessig, Free Culture (2004)

github, 라이선스무시문화와비판

github 에서 permissive license 비중의대폭증가http://www.softwarefreedom.org/resources/2013/lcs-slides-aaronw/#/begin

Simon Phipps 의평가 , “Github needs take open source seriously” http://www.infoworld.com/d/open-source-software/github-needs-take-open-source-seriously-208046

github 의문화와그비판 (계속 )github 에서만든라이선스사이트 http://choosealicense.com/

Simon Phipps 의평가 , “Github finally takes open source licenses seriously” http://www.infoworld.com/d/open-source-software/github-finally-takes-open-source-licenses-seriously-222708

github 의문화와그비판 (계속 )

Armin Ronacher,...And it's probably not just a bad solution, it's one that might actually be hurtful if people are not aware of what the effects of the respective license are.http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2013/7/23/licensing/

" 우리그냥코딩하게해주세요 "

현실제도에서안됨● 베른협약 , 1886 - 대한민국은 1996년부터● 저작권법 (2009 컴퓨터프로그램보호법통합 )

“저작권을무시하면자유로운것이아니라 All Rights Reserved” 라이선스가기본값 .

저작권법이보호해주는것복제 , 공연 , 공중송신 , 전시 , 배포 , 대여 , 2

차저작물

저작인격권 ?

● 공표권● 성명표시권● 동일성유지 (어라 ?)

-> 소프트웨어는해당없음요ㅋ

자유로운사용보장방법

default 가제한되는것이니 , "보장한다 " 라고 명시하는것 .

2. 자유 , 오픈소스 , 공개 , 치실

용어의남발

- 자유소프트웨어 by FSF- 오픈소스소프트웨어 by OSI- 공개소프트웨어 by 대한민국

타협

- Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)

- Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)

정의와차이점

Free Software Definition (1986)

The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose (freedom 0).The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

Debian Free Software Guidelines

1. Free Redistribution2. Source Code3. Derived Works4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor7. Distribution of License8. License Must Not Be Specific to Debian9. License Must Not Contaminate Other Software10. Example Licenses

Open Source Definition

1. Free Redistribution2. Source Code3. Derived Works4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor7. Distribution of License8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral

다른가 ? 보기에는특별히차이는없으나케이스별로 ..

예 ) NASA Open Source Agreement

OSI approved but FSF not

G. Each Contributor represents that that its Modification is believed to be Contributor's original creation and does not violate any existing agreements, ...

예 ) Debian vs FSF (GFDL)

- "Invariant section" 에대한수정금지가발단- 결과 : 데비안에서 Invariant section 이있는

모든문서가 non-free 섹션으로빠짐 (gcc-doc, make-doc, gawk-doc, glibc-doc ...).- Fedora OpenSuse 등배포판의경우에는문제

삼지않음 .

허용되는제한

1. copyleft / share-alike2. 특허허용 / 특허보복3. anti-DRM

copyleft / share-alike

- CC BY-SA- GPL- MPL- OFL- Microsoft Reciprocal License- MySQL, Qt, sendmail, ...

특허허용 / 특허보복

- GPL / APL - 배포는곧해당특허허용- APSL / MPL - 특허소송은곧사용권중지

그래도골치아프면

"골치아파요 . 그냥 (BSD|MIT) 로해주세요 ." 에대해서 IMHO,

● 세상엔나쁜어른들이생각보다많다● BSD 나 MIT 의 attribution 도지켜지지않는다 .

GPL 호환성

예

- BSD 4 clauses “advertising clause”- CDDL

예 ) OpenSSL

- BSD 4, GPL 비호환- Fedora: 링크허용- Debian: 링크불허- OpenSSL 이배포판에포함되면그냥 OS

라이브러리로볼수있는가 ?

(예 )Debian vs Joerg Schilling- cdrtools 중에 CDDL 라이선스인 libscg 와GPL 인 mkisofs 코드링크- 메인테이너의고집 , 무례한태도- 결과 : 모든리눅스배포판에서삭제- cdrkit fork 탄생