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Gardiner, A. H., Egypt of thgPharaohs. P. 77. (^)

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Breasted,!. H„ Ancient Recordsof Egypt, Vol. I, Chicago, iy05,Parag., 146. /y.^

Ibid., Parag. 168. (i)

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Smith, W. S., In CAH.. vol. I. part li. P. 1 8 1

JUdI J ^.j^^l ,^ ol^ ^ joJl of Jl >JI IIa J jl^^j'-)

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Ihid.. ri\ !S2- 153.

Breasted. J. 11,. op* cit..parug. 3^0.

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J;i^:>Ulj i^UJl ^y.>Vl ola>^l ^y ^s^ ^lyVl Jj>j . 4^.aJl

vcrc(niti;r.J.,,In The NeiirEiist The Eiirly Civilizations, London, I'XiV. P.2y7

Ibid-, P. 297.

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fr4 41

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Gardiner, A. H.,op.cit., PP, 95-96. (^)

Smith. VV. S., The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt, Harmondsurorth, 1 965. P. 80. ( Y )

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Smith.W.S.,tnCAH..vol.I.partn.P. 193.

Breasted. J. M..op.cit.. parag. 333- 336.

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Wilson. J. A., op. cit., p. 76.

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: 4il> ^ l^LiwGardinett A, Hxhe Admontionsof an Egyptian Sage,LeipzigJl909, PP. 37- 38

Breasted, J. H. ,The Dawnof Conscience, New York, 1933, PP. 193- 2OO.

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Gardiner, A. H.,ln Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. I,( 19M), PP.20- 36.

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Gardiner, A, H., in Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol, G (1923).

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Hayes, W. C.ln CAH.. vol. 1, Part II,, P. 477,

Gardiner, AJH., Egypt of The Pharaohs., p. 1 W. .

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Vercoultter,J.,TheNearEasSt;.the Early Civilizations, London, 1967, P. ^'iO, /i.

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VercoutterJ.» op. cit., pp. 35 i - 352. (^)

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Vercoutter. J., op. cit., p. 353.

Hayes, W. S., op. cit., F, ] 67.

Breasted, J. H„ op, cit., parg. 439.

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Gnrdiiier.A, H., In J. E. A., vol. I ( 19M). PP. 160- 106.

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.>U^)Wilson. J. A..In ANET, l>P. 418.-119.

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vercoiitter. J..op.cit,. I'P, 370- 371. (^)

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BreastedJ., In PSBA,voi;23( 1901) PP. 230-235.(^)

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Edwards. I. E. S.The Pyramids of Egypt, 1 yd?, P. 2?} 0)

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Vercoutter, J..op.cil..p. 374.(V)

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Ibid..ptiriig, 676.0)

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Ibid., NO. 176.

Ibid.,N. 176.

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I., P. 152. \JSj

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Gardiner, A.H.. Gunn, B.,lnJ.E.A,.vol.V(I9l8).PP. 40- 45, (^)

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Ibid,, pp. 45 r 47. (^)

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Gardiner, A. H., Egypt of the pharaohs, PP. 173- 174

Cerny, J., Ancient Egyptian Religion, London. 1 962, P. 1 32

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Breasted, J. H.. In ARE., vol. II. P. 8.

Gaediner. A.H..op.cit..pp. |,74- 175.

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Wilson,J.A.,bp,cit.,p.234.

Gardiner A. H., op. cit.,p, 180.

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Red Ford, D. B., History and Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, 1 967, P. 62 0)

Naville.ETheTempleofDeir El Bahari.vol. III. pis. 69- H6. (t)

Ann.Serv,Vol.VlI(1907)P. 121. (O

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Cerny, J., In j. E. A., vol, 32 ( 1 946), pp. 24 - 30.

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Kitchen. K. A..The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt.Oxford, 1 973, pp. 287 - 29 1 . :^ I ( \)

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Kitchen, K, A„ Op. Cit, PP. 326 - ,343.

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Reisner. G.. In J. E. A., vol. fi ( I y 1 9). P. S4.

Kitchen. K. A..op.cit. P. .359.

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j-^- of t_5^f 5y JjU- (oJjlil! LiULwj)) ^j t A>.|j^ jitfj 4x1-1^

J L^ M-^j^' t»-is^l^lj ipU> I

J « ^j'> (*

i^U>Jl Laf .j^-oL ^bto^ Ij^jUx. of^f

'J ^ l5:I

• 41*

Slti cJ Li <u^ L^^ ^\ J\j (^.^'Vl) o^.jlxJl XJ, ^^Vlftl^^^waJl^ cJLijf j_jJ

^ -^j 'J^ Lf! ^/^^ pAi iJuj AJua\s- jLijJfl L^S^f oii

^1 Jl>-^-^^(T)

Îj .L^^^ Jjî^p.:i^ôf Ûai^l ^Liî ^^jjl)} aIJ ^ JIj Sy. j--^ LS'jlJ

^ . tj ^TY >»Lp J

Ghirshman, R. Iran from the Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest Translated Irom French by ( \

margaredMumrankin,(peh"can books) Vondon 1978. p. 137.

Wainwright,. G. A.,In J. E. A., vol. }^ (

952). pp, 15 - 11.. Herodotus, III. 17-19. (Y)

L.^ e^JJl J/^1 Ijl^ Ji ^r-J^I o^^* JSxil ><J o^ J^ J

l>li J^>*j .(

J^l a-->'> C^ ^-r--i J-^' ^^^* ^^ '^

^JJI ((^L^)) S^L^ /> . c3 iAA ^L^ Jlj^ Oj.^^1 jU -^ ^M

u-cH^'r;iiii .uji j.^ Lv ^*^" ^' (^"j^ j^-r'-'

^-^-^ "^ ^

01^ , .^^ J--J "^A-t WJI ^^'^ ^'^ ^^ > ^^^"

U.,f ,.JJ1 ,^1 uWi > a^.^--JI ^^' ^ ^^^ ""^^ '^

Ghirshraan, R., op. cit., pp. 1 90 - 1 9

I [\ '

''- Il"'?'>"'.?.\- " ' " -^

j^ V^ ^-^ ^ ^^j-^l ft-Aj-M=» Ls^-J C cjL* ^^ '>-*''=:i>«J lA^'

^ ^'LiU-j Oji^vaJl (>5:uj pJj t eS^f sa^ j^l el^j j:^ 1^(\)o^^ ^1 ^'^1 J_^^! ^Lpj jU>J! |^_^ JlxiJl ^ j\ ^1

^i;. ^"l»_U dUi ^j .^.^Vl f oUj cOJi Sj^l ^j

.^^,^ljol*]| s^Vl ^Uf^J .r^jij^**-;

Ibid., p. 1,94. 0)

I-r-VI)

UJf ;uJi

.J u<U-v<^lP {(^-sJU*i})L-

v^' ^y^j ((vJ»j^_aJi jio^Vi)) (-^

«Ly;ii!i jyf}) x^ Jt>U «jL>JI oiJJ

c Sj^l ^UJf ^_^^ (^^j j^ ^_^V! I^^Ip ji o^ ^L.\^ J jy

(^ .JrVA-r^A) :Ojy^ljiA-lill«^VlJ*

Gardiner^ A. H., opcit,.pp. 373- 374.

Ibid.,p..347.

<:jf ^Lku-l iujliJl o:>L5UJl .Ljf ^y Ix^lj dl5U.j jf ;^>Jl jui

C tl^ ^^ cy.^' ^>^^Vi Up ^^i ^ju^i iju. ^^j

.JUJ 4}\^\ Ji^O" cr^-jj^f)) o^^' e>

rAf-rAo) %' SxJ ^^1 -L.f i_^| ^ l^'iU •^'

• c5

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c;^^*• •

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f)) jUI^> ^j

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s^L^ o^j^\ Ji^^ <^j^C

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^;^5Uj iJ^o- ti_fl:^j>^ <J^jJl Aijj'jAJb A^y^wUll A^jUJI oljiJl C-*iJu

. J^l y-^ ((^.j^)) aJ;^! Ji i JL* 0^ JjVl ^j;:::^^

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I . . ..

r . . , Y • •Otrf

L« .^fj c ^j^^\ y> Ullj 0:^'Vl ^y uiMi syj?-j

Gardiner, A. H., op. cit., p. 375. (^)

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li I '

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. ^:>L.NI JJi ^ l^V 0^ »^.^ ^r ^-^ ^^^^^J. I

II; i: L

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Ibid., p. 380 (^)

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Ali d-s:^ \ Ai ^Ip ^ A. H. Layard iju^ e5>^)" "-^ *^-> • ^^-'-^

OlSj y'Li>Jl JUpI ^ ijUN H. Rassam ^L^jJy^A^ ^Jd^ ^\\oi ^[fi Jj

Ju^ d\^\ ^y^ J ^JlH\ >±^l Ol-U. Oj:^.^Vl J^^J .^\AVV

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J )) *^^;> ^1 ^^^j t A.-^ iji^^i ^j^^ jjiji LbJ-^ 4_JJLliS"

.Eusebius

« ^j-*-j--^^ )} j Alexander Polyhistor ({jju.^ji

.^l^tj Ktesias ^L^$j ^j^jjJ^ c^ J^ Ji J^ ^'^> (^^ Cr^ cWj

(W>' ^j^j^* ^jy>^^. J-^ W.^L J-^'j (H-^l Jl^l ^ -J S^UJI d.lA>-Vlj AJl^Ll. J>w- ddi

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Strabo y.^J^ Ui

(»JUf L^ ^jj \^y.r jr^ i*r- Ji 'ul> ^^_j , a,^.jL1I iil>>Jl

s = :=

jlyJlCr-^^

oU-ji*^ j^ l\jj^\ •^-^" L*^ j-^'j AJau>Jl ^y v=^. "^^^ "^i (H^1

^jbJl ^y ol/s diLft of il i -o i-aliJi IJ

; oj_^^ ^ail X. ^,JJ>i\ Jl^l ^.>- l-lj^ v'^l J^>^l ^5i f.^J

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(^j^^>Ji r^' ^y Ji(;;f^j^'

^-^J c5^>' c*^ ^J^ ^i/ ^ L^JUauj oLJNI Lfxlvs ^j t iih>^l

Barda- ^L o:>^,, ^_^ J-i« ol^l J^ JU^ ^^' ^(( Balka

Wright, H.E., and Howe,B.. Preliminary Report on Soundings at Barda Balka", in Sumer, (\)

val.7(iy51),PP. 107- 111.

. oUJLJl ^yi t«jyL^(( Hazar Merd :ty jl>*))

JULiS^ij <. vjjf S_«^ ^y ^^1 ^*:>J| J| <^>(( Shaindar jljLjLi))

iU-yi J*>U- oLJ!>U ^jiaJl ^jl>xJl L^J^^*^ ^ (*i!-^' tij^r*^' j^,^!

ipLu^ Jj4^ ii>-j^l oJla J;woJuj t (*-iJÎ l5j>»Î j-ÔxJlSJuJ^ *u

Jij^JU ti^ L^ c-^J? jJl 4Jlj:>l j^ t^Ulj t *^^( Zarzi t^^jjJH lJ^?

olj^Vl ol* (j^ jf Ji^-^lij t aI^JI ^yJJJJ Cl^! jUaJlj J-«ljVl

s"*^^ 4jU villi (_^j t VJ^' A>JL/Vl fy^ u-*-*^j Lj.oj>tj>- y*-^ J^r^

.>Vy.^l^^

Solecki,R. S.,"Shanidar Cave, a Palaeolithic Site'Mn Sumer, Vol. S, (1952). P. 127 PP., ( \ )

Solecki, R. S., "Shindar Cave, Apalaeolithic Site in Northern Iraq and its Relationships

to the stone Age Sequences of Iraq", in Sumer Vol, 1 1.( 1955), P,H PP.

Garrod,D.A.E.,"PrimitiveMan in Egypt. Western Asia,andEurop in Palaeolithic Times" In (Y)

C. A. H., vol. I, parti, 1970. P. 89.

'. ' 'f

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yiv-lj APljjJl OL-JNI dJ o^i i^jJi «J:^JbJi fjj>^s^\ j.^\j /^wiiil-^ M « 1

ofjj oL^ ._-j_/j < iyj^ '^j^ «J!>U- oLjNI (j^jLaj vi^' a>Jl-VI

j-^' ^ V'lji-ll olj:>Vl Jl ^jj U^ ^of^*-^-^' J^' lJI/>-I ^>^

c(^ . J JJWI lJJVI ^.L^^ ^^JiJl Jl^l ^^^L-; Jj^ j.*^ vJJail 1 ^ j,^j>^

Solcki. R. L., •• Zawi Chemi Shanidar, a post - pleistocene village site in Northern Iraq." in (T)

report of the VI th Intern.Congresson Quaternary, Warsaw, 1961, vol. IV, P. 405.

Of J-*^„ of ^[ , ijjjJl j^LkJlj 01^^15 ^ULJI j^^^j iplj^L

^J^j ÛJI .^Vl Îjf Jl_ u o^^l > bLÎ _ L^_>- ,^^

d\j^\ ^L.J£L.\j ^L^JJl j^^^-_5 ^^^Ij^l J__^ J_^^|

Ait U;r^ jX. j_5iJ| ,(^)„ Karim Shahry^U

j^^/,, ^"_^ , ^_aij| J!^|1-«J ^jLi^l ^U^l o J:^w U ^fj cJadi J^ j\yc^\ Aiku jl5

i.L^ ^jU>Jl ^\^\ ^jjJ t(^> MTefaat oUiU ^^ J^. L^uj

Braidwood, R. J., and Howe, B., "Prehistoricin vestigations in Iraqi Kurdistan", In Oriental(

Institute of the University of Chicago, series in AncientOriental Civilizaiion,Chicago.] 960,

P. 52, 170,Hs. 22ff.

Mellaart, J,;'The Earliest Settlements In Western Asia from the Ninth to the End of the Fifth ( Y)

Millennium B. C;\ In C A. H., vol. 1, part I, ( 1 970), p. 257.

j»j <. (jjUJi J^l oJL>Jl j5UJ 4*k;^ jji- hy:^ b\jJ^ LiLaj ^_^l

^ *« H

jidUiôfj cAjii^îjjji^î ijla ju. jLjvi juji^ coLj;yi

jSAi ^ Oj^ ^^ sL^ ^1 ^:>\ U-o t ciJyJ' ^^i-^x>t=JI jj^iij j\y^>i\

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olj_>c^l ^ iJU^ j^ jjSLxj" vJiJli'j iLki-vj. itjk ^_jip J3LJI o.«.<wj

j^^c«^^.-î ^yî^î ^ J>»;;-U(\'^ jsî)

Mellaart, J., op. cit., PP. 257 - 258. (^)

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Lolyd. S.. and Safar, F.. "Tell Hassuna. Excavations by the Iraq CovernmentDirectorate (Y)

General of Antiquities lt\ l^'^^and 1944" in JNES, vol. 4(Oct. 1945).

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MellaarlJ.,op.cit., pp. 276- 2H!., Diibbagli ,T./*iialar Pottery" In Sumer, vol. 11; ^\ {\ )

( 1966). p. 23-

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Mallowan, M., "The Development of Cities from AL - Ubaid to tlie End of Url^ 5", In C. A.(^

H.,vol. I, Part, PP. 335 - 338,-349-330.

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that Was Babylon,London, 1962. P.l 8., H.,The Art and Architecture of theAncientOrient,

P, 19.

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Abu Al - Soof, B., "A Note on the Question of Painted Jamdat Nasr Pottery" In. Sumer,

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{1950- 1951), p. 339 ff..

Langdon, S. H., "Sumerian Origins and Racial Characteristics" In Archaeologia, To (1920),

p. 1.5 4ff

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Kramer, S. N., "Newlights on the Early History of the Ancient East" In American Journal (\)

of Archaeology, vol, 52 (1.948), p. 156ff

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Frankfort, H., Archaeology and the Sumerian Problem, ChicagQ,l932, P. 21 ff. (Y)

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Kramer, S. N.,"The Death of Gilgamesh" . InANET, pp. 50 - 52+

Woolley, L., Excavations at Ur, London, 1963, Pis. 7-11.

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Kramer. S. N., The Sumerians.pp. 281 - 283, 308 - 309.

Ibid., p.?.] 3. a)

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lift, jb^l U-;jj (.ui^tV ^>J^ ^';c*J (^^> "^^J^l *^1) ^l^J^I

jf Ji aa-^Ij;uJI jj?-^ st-iJ ijP oULJl ^^^^ :>ly.l i*jUJl ^^^i^'j

bUjjjl lLLUJ UU ^^f j^LJl:^ t^ ^Ij:^ ;L5Ul 4JI JjJ;'

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Oij c Olyiil ^ ((_^l^j jl)) J oLaL5 5^ CJI^ <ul jf Jl ^--^

. nn- i^o ^ I jiUi ^yJi :^u_)iJJlxJ>(^)

Speiser,E.A.,"The legend ofiSargon", In ANET, P. 119. (Y)

^ I 9 J

i 1^ -

aJ LI dJUjU «^f)) ^0^^ ^:)U L^l vV-ol>Jl^ J A, Jii\j jUJU cu

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i^^y iJi '*^'' "^b yj- o^jl V-y ty Oj>-^ <>CJ of Jajj

^1 <>Jl t|I!l ^_j^_^| JUJI OLJj AXjjji>l^.| ^y.jSij eJ!>^ Axij

'^ t L_;l^ ^Upf ^ ^o^ J ^jj Lw-^j ';^^' JL«-^ l;

ijJ^ 1^ <ixi»j.- fjj 04 4jf aJ ftU- Jij (, dyrj^ U*>- _;*-« ia>- j-^ij ''"JtS't

i^y u^ ' Ji l^JI (Vrjr*i i :^U»_>i_^lx* (\)

Oppenheim, A. L., "Sargon of Agade" in A NET, PP. 267 - 268. (Y)

Ji ^^ U^j ^J^ jlS \a* J^j^. -il^ ^y ^yJl Ji .^" Ji Jyy

^jj U UJ, viJJij J^ i:j> ^_^ Jl ^" 1^1 jf , OtjJaUi; c:^l^

^Ij ; L^ ^>J1 JI ^ J\ jj^\ iU Ji Oj^^^^-*^' C^J ^^ijj^ JU^ ^^\ ^ ^ ^\ ^y\^H\ JU>-

JL-Ji Vî j.jiji jjVrû 0' tiy-j ' .^>î i-W'

oU JJjVl

cJijPJ (( <Syc^ I dlLo)) rt-v^-L uiyw o^tu i^ai (^ *!->" U^ JjCU^oj

t « * ^ AJjUjJl oljLLa>- ^ '^—M J^ rj^ o^ LgJlJi^f *ii^

ai ,1)

Smith, S., Early History of Assyria to 1 000 B. C, London, 1 928, PP. 375 (note 6)» - 376. / \ \

,YM ^ c JiU ^^ :^ -L*.^^ ^JJaJJl Xp Ju*j>*^ (T)

Bottero, J./' Syria Before 2200 B. C./\ InC, A H., Vol. 1 Part 11, PP. 3.24 - 325. (n

njb jJl Purushkanda |jjl>^ jjji OJla ^Jlp oijiJ J^ d J_^UVl

•-<. Jax-^ t i^l JUJ:Jl ^ OyrjJi Ijj>^\ i_^^. J-^. kij

iiku cJl5 U5 t li^ o^jj^r'j J^^ J^ ^^j^ ^ -^ Lr* ^^^J li'^'

.OljfJ <U^ 4.^

, o v.yJij ^5^yJl 2^L. U,^l 4.^L>d! >LJI> ^\j^'^\ J:^,

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jJl jUUj (^.^1 5y„j^) J^^ 5^.;^ ^Ul ^ L^jij J<a>.j ^1 t U-^j ; iJUJi oUp

c .jjj^l ^l^fj ÛJIj ÛJI l^jL^ Jl ^Îj

; (t^j^ (>* U^. ^ ^^ j^) '-fl^ A-^lj-^ V^'>^ CLJ»*iXj|j

c ( JjiJi) 4j>-Lvai tl)jJwv«-<Jl 1^5 L>-J ^--^^j

Gadd,C. J./'Thepynasty of Agade and the Gutian Invasion", In C. A. H., vol.. l,part H, {\\

PP.426- 427.

• tÂ ^ i JjLJ! ^î :Û _)ijJl J^ (X)

t <>.jA Ujls jUwaJl L^LaJ?! i_-jtijj

' J^y^^. . . . WtJ^3 • • ^.-^1 J>-i^ ^Ij . . .

K\)„-

Ji" "V 4^U« ^ 0^ J^ |_^ a.% Jjbl Olj ; 4:^,vi^ J Lji O^L

^jvaJl oIa j^ j^_j t<''>(( o _j;^j^ jL>-l)) J ((JUJI ^IjJl)) ^^,

<, olys i^...-^ aja:>. ^y, L^'L; s^Lpij L^'LoL-i iSlj^j i^'yi o^U^ .uoaj JjL,

>j^ L> C?>^" ^^- °^'-> ^ ^>'' Ji ^^' Cr^

s_.Ul ^ i^.diJ! ^^1 o%^' ^ cjj^ "Vl^ ^.JJI ^..wiill IJu

t jL--lp A^5 ^j ^ji^\j -^L^jl ^ w_;^l Jj^ Uu^ <u"jj^ <u^_^

a: I o_;5ij. JJ; vyiJi ^);ij c ^jVl .iLU _^l <]^U ^_^i.x;^l ^^

:li5j .YV^ ^ . j;Ul ^_^| ; J* _u^ ^jJiU I xj^ x*^ :>' (\)Kramer, S, N,."The curseof Agade'Mn ANET, PP. Mb -Ml.

Gadd.C.J.,op.cit.. P. <133, (Y)

-0 Lo-j" 4.<w-l jjjit ijjju ,yL«j^ US' t__;>L-Vl AjU-jiij aJUpIji ^"[Jl:

: Rimush cr',^-J

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u^ ' ^j-'j (^'jf 0;^ o[^ J (>^^l t>i J ^. ^^1 ^jl->

r^J '((j-'^^ij)' o^y^ '^^^W"- ' jt-fci<=- (i---L>- jUax)! J-i>-j" j^ (((^rij^.j))

tV "c/'J^-

ujij (wjkjji ^ s_;_^ ^W«^ 'V^ ly '•^:-^' (t-^^ 1^

(^)« lT^'j^J ^(*>U C'^

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)) 'Uj^'^ oL^ Uj jj c <i^;-,ai Jl>-j j^

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! .U r ^

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GaddX.J., op.cit., pp. 43^- ^37. (^)

Jj'JiO^^^i^rbcrA js^Ji)

\^y jilM J^ OjU Jii)) 4.^ _^ ajjou ^J^J^jl 1^>J "Cjj^i (j^l ^^l*U

;uJi a]I LcI

j.vaul J^ 'Ul ^1 ^^j-^l j^^J t 0-UJl

t {( r L. » j^.t>^ J^b

^ j.^ .LJ ^Li^Vl J^jf U5 ,jy^_ ^\^^J^\^ Jli^" J^J'-;Lv-

^_^Ji>.l^^^Ui'«oLail .^"VlybUp ^^jj^o^Jpi jl^^J .L>>^

: Naram - Sin J*- - ^ tj^

Li> -u-^ (*bj cJL^f J^^ J^ j^jiuiJI^ '^h Cr^- fb^ ^-^

OjJl*>uj i UU ,y^j k^ j»5UJl SJ^y-'yi ^^^1 J*><e U-i ; ^ . ti Y Yoe

.^ . jYYYo ("U J ^^^..^

^1^1 ^.jb- JU^y o- s^,> «^^ u- - flj^ -^ >^-J

Ibid, PP.. 437 r.^40.(^)

. YVV ^ c J|LJI A^^l : ^> -u.>-^ Uu^\ xj> Ju^ dUA^j

YVi, AJ

(j^^j^l ^^.-^^1 01Jj

t i--^^^l ^-jvSCLJl o-^j aJLJ^*^! isSCLJl (j-'L-t

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o^L ^f ^JjiS\ JUJJI J[ <^ljj| iU^l iikuJi ^- ^_,

Jl t5^! iU^ L,ji J3 j^ ^. *^f ??"ji^ criS^^ l/ Jj^*

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M tAjjjJl JjUill CjIjLp JUs ^|;-« J~- _ {»IjLJ (jiv*J JuJj . 4JJU

. "uL^ jv^ ^.L^. Jju "b/i jW"^' U^^. (^J '^J-^

rl>UJ tAjj Js.«,aJ I AJ Uaj I i^fc 4 A;W*JLJ I ijijj %J JLi]

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I'l^,*

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^ ^\j\i iiiUS^\ ^ji (Y'\ JX^)

AJljUilvJ^^yjll-dlLU^^U^IciJLUJc^ (f. JSiJi^

((jjlJjLo)) (jU-U lILU rt---l LgJiP ^_^^ ^1 L^^jAjJ\ ^\j'^\ ^J^ ^J^

,,^j,) oyjj .-aK JjVl ^ dJLUl OL dlli> 0^ai^.j . ^:>UI S^VI

w ** **

^iJt yk 1 Jt* Lu jj t_^ vyJl AJU-tJI ija>JI j:>p jO^Jl ^^. of f-Lk-l

i L-jJk-aj of bl5 t^Ji^Vlj t^^vxJl i>Jl Ol J>Jt Ji *UJUJI ,>~ A»i

^^Jij, ijJL^^I S^Vl ^y ^^y diU ^f^ _ (.IjU 015 JiJj

oLÎ dLU)! ^ ybj UJuiJl jJl ÛJVl J^f J îy^j A-iO. i^

: Sharkalisharri ^^jL- ^JlS'jU»4

Gadd, C. J., Op. Cit., PP„ .441 r ,445., Bottero, J., (and Others)., The Near East, The Early

Civilizations, London, 1967.P. 108., Bottero, J., "Syria at The Time of the Kings of Agade'\

InC A. H., Vol. I, Part II, PP, 325- 326., Kramer,S,N.,"TheCurseof Agade",In ANET.,P.

468., Oppenheim, A. L., "Naram - Sim in the Cedar Mountain", In ANET., P. 268.

JuUJi I4; JL-jAi J__JI aJVI OjJl. jj-J oj^ J\ a>.U;:aI A>-j ^^yJl

U5 Jji^\ JUJJI ^ 5_Ji^l (>'La]| >^ jliji oo^t i^jA. JL.J

>-U Jii ^i JiPj t /^ - (.IjU 6jJlj JL^ ^ CjJlap jJI

LlUJt JJi^'y.^-r^>

.0«^^l J^V Jl Lfei c^^l -^l^ JLi^lj ^.-^"^l s^Vl

Gadd, C. J., Op. Cit., E.,444., Bottero, J. (and Others) ., Op. Cit., P. 120.(^)

^Jl^y^^

J\ j^.aill Jl^l ^j^ J J^axJI J Vj^l ^^1 c^ ^^

Jf-Jl Jl '^>i J ^Ij cLj-^ o^'^l a^j> ^ (31^ (H-^

lajS^i ^y2ju_ ^Li ^ L- jUi oL^j ; s^L* "^^^ 'r>.j u/'^

^OPj v-LrJ> c^J^' j^'^Jj^^ ^^' J^>*^ ^'^' '^^^ -^JL

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. U^l Uill jH^-Uj: ^Ul ^J^. (J ^i OU c vL-Jl *U^

^yJ\ Jij cAjj^j-JI D^I j>f Jj> hj>^\ ^y>j_ \yCS\ Vi\ i^>U^Vl

^ j*^l ^UJI Ol^jfj ^'j>J! i]_^)) e-OL j»4-i;f ^^^

ivifJ! : rt-v^l iU-^l DJjb ^j^j 'jj^j cT^ iMS>L>-j Oj^j-Jl oJiJl

Gadd, C. J„ op. cit., P.,444„ B.Tterce, J. and Others, Op. Cit., P. 1 20. 0)

' f ij

c^eyiU^i

t^j^\ (^J^^^\j^^ t

^'v;. ML

mr-] I'

i^ M -i-yr

OXJl sIa ^y.j (,^lj J~>- ^>i *L;y Vl ^15^1 ^yiju L^ ^j iik^^l

^ ^ j^' ^ s^Vl oOa jjj Uj ^^f_>:j_^l pi::;^^ljb1 (..4XI.-UJ

:>lai-.'yi ^ j^ jJlaj ;Ci*J (_5iJl (( Ur - Baba LI jjl)) ^pJUJI L^U-

jio^UU5^ i^ "V v^ 'Vi

J JbL^ I (>«Jl;-uJI ioUi^ Aji^oU^ Sj^l

/»LS^^^ 1 -Uj ^_$JJ I ({

Gudea Lij;*. )) e_^^-^ (_r^ c*^^ \J <uJj>^ Ji

Ji Li^f L*^ J*^lj ^J>"jt5>«^lj ^^^^' o-^ (i;-^^J cA^ 2^^

SiUj jf ^_^ io> J i^^Jl JuUcJl ^b-. AJUiJl L_^.ail 4xJaJL;f L^ 1*

t* *i +«

w^ljiJlj t_$jiJl ^jj ciji'j L-j^j>" ^«*>U. ^ C^j 4 ^j^l cr^U'

JJUJI J^Li" ^ L^VU; ^^ ^ ^Ll:j iJUJi U^_^ JJUj ,>*. j!

. iJcS^ JJalv*/. Jj^i:) <u^l J^ vJUo- ^y.j t JLjuJ U-.*.vaj" olj^

' ^ l_/*^ -1^ Lj:>j ((Ijjjj;*-)) -L^ |_y OjiiJii_59jj

JjLaJI js-wJ v_..^U3j

j-iu «ulJ <waj-^ Jj>-fj_y

jLif Jii (, ^jJl JjU-jj (»U::j«iNI oybUxo ^y> t^LS"

L.,"Gudea,EnsiofLagash" In ANET.PP. 268-269.

. iYA^ ; J.U1 ^^1 :^U_^.jxJlxP (Y)

^^ u*^ (r \ j^)

oLSj ,J^ o> ^ ^ s_^L- ^^t l_i**

t^U^ jL5 Uj jj c iJlill ,jl^ S_^f il_^ >>^Fy> Nammakhni « j;>.UU))

jjf ^[^ iy\^jj\)) J ^\Sjji\ dlU «JU^ jjjf)) dlUJ

frk-^ L^ ^JJ ;UJ j^_|l>J Oj.**'! 'U^l^l tf.LS'j jJ

^1 cJjs.\ d4i dUi ^ l^^UJ 4>^j o-^-^l ^ ^J.^1 ^U^J^f dr-J ^jj^ ^> OaJl »!* ^j_.j lJS:j;J\ If^^y, <-iyj^\ oJJl

JiUJi (.>, of ^UiU-l j_^I!| ,( Utukhegal JUoi-yjf,) dOJl *lS'j_^| dJ_^

. . ft . .(**

^ i^LJl ,yU^' J^ ^ ,o:._^-^ ^!>LJ' J-^J ^^^ -^Vl a.1^ ^^jj.

' JjI> cr^ e^> a:- ^J-^^' u> t!-^ U^ ^-^" Jl U^J-^I -^U t."

, AiJLiSi jjf s^^f ^1 oO^ jju ^j^ ^^

i\) . .

:(j-xj^^l J^ o-i.>^

tif : Ûli Lî J^lj c -ctÔ^ 4 bJi 4JVI Jl (JU^jJjf) u-Jki dUJUj

. «U^ (a;1_^) a>.| ^. jJ ... ^^1 diU Tirigan ^U^.^^" Of . (IJl* J)• • 'J^^ (j^^J (^lyJl t^^l^ ip..l^lj

^ Lii AljL;^! ^liUsyJl JJUi <^j ^-JJl .ilUK JU^^jf•' If

4 • «

• ' •('^^l u^^l^^OcTS^' '^^J tJls-lj J^jS" AXXiJU

M*4-F>

dUi^jVo- Y'r ^ . jjLJ! iji^^l : J^ x,^ v-iJaJJ I Ju*. x*^ :>;l (\)

Kramer, S. N., the Sumarians, pp. 325 - 32(i.

(j) ((jj'^Jj'll^l • • (*LS'j_^l^y -i^jir^ J^) ^j^^\ (>jJl Jj

DubrumjU-j J^ ^XJ> (ji3j) . (! ) u,iknj ^^Ul 4JUU fJ^J^

aJ^Ij oU^j

• "yj^ us^l^?^^l cjiU IJl5okj . . . <^j J^ ^^ f^j t^iJl

:4iJli)l tJ J' «r^ f

f-*-^^ L^' M (*LJ:^>-S' Cxiyj^ iUy.^[ AiJliJl jjl S_^f Ju-J

^Mjii . ULj ioU _^ s_^ ij^.^:;^ i^JL> i_^ jjf 3_;^i ^j:;>. ^j

of f'Lku-lj Up jli <:^j JU^y^f JJ ^y U5U. aJL^ U ^^JUl Nammou

» ^!^i e^LDVi j>^, ^khA^ ^^j j»i;>ju jiL^^((j^iJ j-'j^ JJL

U5 ^ %' ^y ^Ul L^;,*^. d\-Sj ;ol>Jl ^ ^

W" ^^ u5^J > ^^^--^ "^-^ ^-^'^ ^^-^ cr- 'rr >> -^J

. SlijJl

^i jj> u^^ e> -^^ rC A^M-*' c^

jL^j4*

j^JJ \OiJJ

H (. Oj^ '^1 oJu^ ^ dUJ^Jj-^^ ^*^7: Shoulgi ^y>JJ-^

Hallo, W. W.. Early Mesopotamian Royal Titles, New Haven, mi. p. 77 It.

f-rankfort. H..The Art and Architecture ol' the Ancient Orient, p, 1 0.^. figs 110-111.

, ixr ^^ . j;Ul ^^1 ; ^^ y,^\ ^

jijj\ diUi oby^l *b 4^ji (r Y jXJb)

^j^\ k>^% Ajy^Jl OjuJI Jl ^Uti o^^f dU.U ^LJ^ ^Ui .ol^l

L^j 4J aJJ>^

:r^ :5^ AJ\ ^UJl ^ l4^brl j^\ oLiJl oJl^ »JU^ OjU ^1

01 ^...k.-.-.j .^t>Up Jl jjf ^ ^„> J J^ ^.-^ ^J^. CH-^*

U^ ; .bUJbJ J_^j oU-AJ oLW^ ^^ o^l ^y.Iil o-'l-^l 0^ ^-^'

ol:>-^ Jip ^ aii J,or^-j ^UVl .^^ ^ ^'I>JI^(\)

J_^ of jJujj i Amar- Sin JUl ^1 ^^1 J^-uJU^j

Jij ciaii >.ly^l i*^' ^ui:^ H^ CJJb Afti ^._^j-Jl iSjLJl i*^'L^ ^J

ijDiTj .nA- \•\•^ ^ ^ J^LJI ^^1 :;,^i^l>'^ ^^(^)

Gadd. C.J.,op.cit.,p.601,

U.;--;^ <ui^ Ab ^^JJI Shu - Sin ,j^j^ tyi-\ J^y^\ J^ ^^U Jij

Jl 6_^l L^ <dji ^> ^ Oj-^jj^Vl >^ 0.X4P ^ Jlijij

a^_(_5JJl Ibbi - Sin(( j^ _^ I » o I J J I ^_^y^ ^_ylp « ^;_^j^ )) >_iUj)

dLiijULp ^,j^j A^jjl -ui:^ SJ^ cJiL jSj t SiJLiil jjf 5_^f il_^>

Ibid., pp. 608- 611. (^)

Gadd, C. J.,"Babylonia c 21 20 - 1 800 B. C\\n C. A, H., vol, I, part II, pp. .^61 - 362,( Y)

cJaivJ cOiX-_/^ SX. ^>LJ I JU>J !

cJ Lii

({j^ -^. 1 )) J-b

U r^Ji iifj:r^^ ^^[)) LfSU^ wUilj t oa^L v*^ v'^*v

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- L5e-1» L^L J

ij w v^LwJt (j^^jy^-il oL:- ajL^ iiJliJI jjt S_^l Jl^ jUj

j^^JiJl Jl^l JJ^ (H^l^lj(\

o'>UI J^ JJlJI ..Al:^ jjL ol^ jdl AijL_5ai4*

, uj^\ oU-o^ f*-^H

t a:^ i>-j^*^ r'j^' u^ LxJL^j ^j:^ Hj^ '^l v^ c>^' ^^N{jIl1p

OJl^ pbjf j-j^ptJ ^^^ aJUpj ^LwiJI iajLidj ajj^j-vJI OmUJI <i^J JUpI

Le grain, L., Business Documents of the Third Dynasty of Ur, London and Philadelphia, / ^\

].947,p. ;-25ff.

Crawford,V. E., SurmerianEconomicTexts from the First Danasty of Isin,.New Haven. lyS-^-C^*)

f'^'-'T^

.^„^ij viui jijJij A.5aj( oNb- ,>~ J c j^i y.^

^^1 ^ JjJj iJ/- S^ J\y~ UjlJil 4_iU^ iJjU iOP ^j^ly pdJl ^ ^, U_^L3 ^y^l A3 Ajf ^ji ^JS\ Bilalama ({U^!:^)) diUl

Gadd, C J., op. cit„ pp. 6.V) - (i37.

^"^i-i"

SjLi^^l j^j i cL>ly^\ JujJ^^^j o^^^j^^ JUJij ^jlyJlj oLyJl

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cijiJij ol^^.<wJJ ^jjjL>«^ ty'>>" W^y v^f c^ -^Je '-^-^J ^ *^l>>wiJl

^dil ({ r^I- » dLUl JjVl UjUI iJjJt ^^f oaJ.

^Vljjf^^. ft

Aju-lill iuJi ^ A-j^l o:._^f>- foj dij 4 JjL ^JLp LSI. 4--iJ (jJ^fj OJ-J

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j^_j ; i^.JuJl ^brlj Ujl_^f yo* ^1 jl^ Jl ("Oi" ,^* «:.>^ ^v- ^^

^ ^ Cf o^" -^J ' Vd^' r-^-" *-*^^ -i-^ ^"-^ ^ ^^

l/^JJ^ if

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a--fH U^ -^ ji^ vj^ (::^" uT^ rV (,i^^"

.^A^-Uia^ ^ J;^l(^^l :^l^l j^'^-r^(^)- >^

Kupper, j. R. Les Nomandes en Mesopotamie au temps des Rois de Mari, Paris, 1957, P

106ff.

r 4 «

dUJi ^ ji\ iiiaxJl^ L;_^f iSO^ cJl5 U5 ; AxJ*LJ ^>^J iSl^

^'Lpi Jul^jJj ^jf aJUIÎ -ojbVl Aiy: y^ Îj.^*^ ûr^J LjJl OvUJl Jj>- ÛaJl J5L-J iiy; ^^^ J^lJl J -ui^

dUu ((^ ^^.j)) *>>^fj Ailopl aJl Jj> ^UiiJ I

^ w^j^l ^^-^f ^y cJli' L^j (. SyJ^ v-li ;i^ U^ ^^1

u-lj> «Cr- r-^" ^^' .ILUJI 2-^ ii c ^.-XiJl ^.Vl ^^>l-i

hrj:> J\ Lv-U- L^ ftjUaxJ! jl5i t ii>^r^ (»4*^b i>^'>^l ^^^

,jÛf Ûl \Jjj JJJI Îj,^*^ .^--w ^1 J .1Û^

J> j^N Ur ; JU-iJij JyJl Jl U^l >LJI SSJSj ^.jj-iVl

-Lj^iOu^ J^Ij ol^l ji clUJiS'j . ol^lj iLrJJ Uiii-^l J_^l

Gadd.C.J.."Hammurabiandtheendofhisdynasty'MnC.A.H.,vol.II,partl,pp. 176- IS-^. (\)

Leemans, W. F., The Old - Babylonian Merchant, leiden, 1950, P. 79ff. (Y)

UUul ^1 us , 4. jliNt Dj>iJl .Oi ^ j:fj 4jf OJuJl (.15:^ ^ L^JilJ

. <^>i.U)l ^LJ Uj^j iJUuJI Oj>iJl Sjb^ UU-

o.ju iajliiJ Jip Iji jl^ I dUjJl:ua;r.j;cJl^4;f^'U>Jl c^'foij

^\j ; oa.a>Jl i j>lj^Vl J^ iA^ j^ Js.\jii\ ei* c^"l Jij , J.L

L.^oiJl jiJAil,.^^ hj\jA cJ\S ij^\ j3>1I 6 1 J*JiiJ I IJiA >.

c-jli «UjI o>iJ j^^, ^ 4jf Ur t ^jl dji U*::^

-ill j^y L^f -ill

. ((jji.^ )) ij«*J 1 illJbJl ^j*y 4JUjJ^ J

C-JjU SiL. YAY (>> erib>^ oLju.yj ^ aJUI iljjl ^bjtlj_pl aj-Spj t pj;Ujj^j ^^ jU«Jl tiys-j jyVlj *Ua)I j_^

I ^JJC^.<"> ^-LJjJ^j ^^1 wUw»f jji>-tj i Cj\Jxjyci\j ^UaiJlj

•I "

Ibid., p. 22 ff.

Wiseman, D. J., "The Laws of Hammurabi again", In J.S. S., vol. 7 (1962), p. 1 61ff

TV * -:

-i & '^ ^H

I KP^i^-

iixiaj ; JtJl ojJ^ Jip JS>U]I (D j^. Ojj*ili3l dJU

i I^Lial^

J;L^a»Ul>l_^ Of^V ^jJ^LJ r^ ii S/l^ a-— t J-.U ^j-:^ ^y JL^I o^. ^j

C ^^1 2pi^l J_p. ^«il_^l ^1 J dill ij ((^>J U>J,, ialPJ. Jt)li^l

((-jLj U^j)) J l^JiA JpLiuJt 6l* c^Utj . AiLSC. ^! ,_;Ai^

J ^J JJS^ L*^ ^U-i OJCuli aijA <*«ij Af'-'J^

VU^ (.jLi UjLj ijij ilai^l juj L^ dji ijA>- ^_^f Ji<j cJlS" jdl

^^y^ -OUaL*' eiL*:^lj w^jl>Jl ^ o^Lo^ ^jOLjyu UjLl tvwwaU- J jl>-j

^yi oj>^ -dji ^y ^>Jlj iJUJl jisLJL />UijhNl ^ Sj~>-Vl -uio-

il . jjVi ajUi s^vi ^ (Ûiî i3>ji >i u>j _û _^.j

^ f^^-

x^,^ m -

?: a ^^^^

Feigiri,S.I.,andlandsberger, B.,"Thedate-listof the Babylonian kingSamsuditana",in J. (^)

N.E.S, vol. 14(1955). p. rgVff.,

Thureau - Dangin, f., *'L' inscription bilingue B de Samsu - iluna', In R. A., 39 ( 1.942

1,944) P. 5ff.

Lgj^u ^^1 > ^^ , Lu r-iA jij;- L^> (,i::^j ^^1 ^jujj

^j^l SiL^i^l J.L i]/, oVjU^^ L^" oljLiVl cOL- oJlT *!I A,^

^\jj! 0>^U O^LSaJ ^_^^_. ljU..Jl^, jj ^^1 ^1 J;fcf

es-^ ^^^'7^' ij-ocJl ((LI)) <J^^I x^^jjj ((Lf jj^)) kuXo ^j l^ju

.ULpVII

^u j^ jio j^vi a.ui s^vi ^^1 >iji 5^f o^u jiSj

King. L, W.,Chronicles concerning Early Baby Ionian kings, vol II, London, 1907, p 21 . /\\

3L-;*j1_^1 iJu>Ji JJUll JU-j ^y SJbu ^y^ oJb^li J.L ^U^*^ i*

o^Uai-l Jij JjU i% i*^l4J J>fJl o^-W iV^^ ti^ ^(»

il t i^.Oi ^jo (_$! AJJt^JL- J!>b^l J>f Jbo l^S^ d\ ^j <. AiJlill JjL

1[ij\ Ui! 1^ UJ^ LjU>^ of Nl c o-u ir • :^ ^>ii L. j^

(>" (V-f*— LSJ ) U;jj o jjjfjX^t ^UL ^liJl uJJVl

1 OUjJl ^^-fcJlP jJLbfj ((^ . ^l^)) ^a. ^V J^ t/ 1**^"

A^^ ^^1 -d ^- ^1 v^l V^l ^^*^l c^>J' ^-^'"»

J SjjjJl SiLJI Jip ^PjbuJl oLLUl o>a«j . j^.ai]1 JiVl JyJI

l^ >xJ ^ Of ^- N *^'>^- S^.>^l c5^l a^ ^^-» ^'^*f

Gadd» C. J., op, cit., pp. 224 - 227.(>)

jÛ. jij^Vl 015 Lû J , ^yiJl JUJtJij JU-Î J o^.jj^^'^h

u-'j- Crs'31::^

^ .Uiill I^Lli^l ^^iJt ^^,,^1 o^b o^LJl OLf ^^f A^

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oI^LaUJI ^»_g;^ cJl^j jiL-JI IJ^I J^Lj aJjjJI olit)U)l ooi^"

S_^ J-iu^l ^^LSG 0^^«:u:l, ^^I >2J! iJ_^ JJi il c i^^l oJL*

j»^ a.Ul AjJJl \j^j j-JU'Vl 0L5UI ^ i^U. U>\J:u.j\ Al^

^j-^j>. OjJi^i 015 of^ jv^> j,.i;>-^ ^ I j>.V I (t^.jt ^^ ^\j sa.j^l 0^1 ^^ ija^ U5 ; U> ^^f v-J^I ^lo^VL

(.o^; U s^l^ij U.UI o^LcJl j^^" Jj, dj^[^\ 6jL}\ J^ oij

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rv.-r%A^ .J.UI^«^Î :j>^ûî^[v,. 0)

;^^l j^UJI jjU^ oliU'^lj Olj>dl ^y^ ^\A^l \y\i U5

I Ojj'Lî jy^yiJl Ji^ ^j îJ ^J^ 0:-^ ^ c^^Ml îLU

lj:>jX--lj iJ^^^' i^wsLxJl lj*>-L^ ivSjiJl jjj jj^Vl J-*;^lj Jlj^l ^

U^j^ Jip^Ojjoli aJj^ ^y J. b .1^ 1J cJji

. iAn- iAo ^ ^ J;LJl ^^' :^U _^. >! 1 -V=- (M

^.jWJi Ji\}M ojo^i ^^1 oLiJi i^>f j^j c ^

King, L. W.,op. cit.,p. 22.

|.:./'1^. ^'

^^-. 'l

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.-.v'..",,i

Ajj^lj '^\ji\ jJiUaJl ^y (Oj-^'» iUS' O iJ J JiJ t U^ IjJUIj

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oJyA j!>l>" Jj^l /t-.5v>-

^' Cyj <-iy^^ («-fr^ r^^ ij*^

JJJ^» t>jj^Vl .iLUl U cJ^I dUi Jj

Ul ^yl_^l5jjj-fs^ ,>Jl^J > c5j^ cJ.»^ i_^

o^"i*^"

' a- j>>i^ ty^ '3L^ ^*-^J ^^Ij j^^l c5^ 0:H L-

Lj>" c^^l ^ ^j i^^l *>lip|j,jjjir Jj, *t>LL«^^| ^y ^Jl>.

'.-M^ CL.U ^Jd , ^^% U^u ^ cj^uJL^\ ^L^\ ^j^^:X^\

n^j}i\ villi j^>Xvulj w ^UaJLJ jj^l ^Ua>-I ^j^ ^;^^'>L>J| ^ '^J^ (>•

^ V-^^l tijj-iVl A^l ^Lmj cm^^l tij^i^l A^l iit-b ,^j

L^ l_^l J jl U^.iJl ^:;,Ju>Jl^',^.r^ Jj^l JjU ;5j.i,_^

^ SOiJ^- i:::i Sy ^jki\ i^ ^y cJ^I >iiliJ ^riJ^^^' j'^ ^>'

Kupper,J. R., "Northern MespotamiaiandSyria'MnC. A. H., 1973,P.lff- (')

oi^foiJj.^.oJ^I-^*^'-^44 • J ^y.jj>^^ ^^f Lf^'

otr^Mi ""y

^i^vi j^t vt-i^^f J j^^ -^1 (hJ ^f j^ ib;.' :rsriMi »y

Us5a. ^j J-;^ J\ »^J ^J ^ ^.J^^Hi J\y^\ ^,y^ o^jL^I

>J1 LjJ u^-b ajLf 01^ jJI iJjJJI Jlp *Ui] (>-

J^\^,* t

'-^^c:

ol^Uo J Jj^jJl ji ^jJJl 4._^" J L.^Ss^\ L^L^\ Ij^jxJl

^,j^Vl *ij>l^^l jjJu oUji Ja--j^l J^l oLjPr Jl t>i Jj-^^' '^^^^

Ijii^ ^y,JJl ^"^3* _ Jjl OLSJ (. . (i ;<--Ul OyJl JC^ 0*; UJ

.rvn ^ w J^LJl («jr^^ : jji-^ ,j«-Ut^l_^i -Uj-i:^ (\)

u^ ciJJl «J jVl ^j\j^ ibU AiU ^JJl «^j|^ Jj;i» .iOJlUJ j^\JjVl j-^aiJLi» <JA^

û Mij Ûiî jy.f ij^ ^ |^|_, ^. ^jjij(^ . ^ ^ Ytr - ^ Yni)

OJ-il a^.Ja1I iwUJi ^y ^/Oj (iJUJi ijj^) ((^L^„ ^ ;jua>.

i]j_UJ( ^y j^ ^U3 lj^H\ jj>i ^l>^l ^i^'l ^ oLS'j 4xii

j_^i oLkU ^y^ ^>j of jiM^wj u- (^ .LJ ^^vfi- \YrY) -ju^i

Lw-f j^i_^^ c> wi ^^' ._^vi yvJi ji y33 Ju^ij u^>ii

.ia^^^l^1 J>.Uj JU^I yJl Jl ^>=JI yJl y J.Ml

U^ 4 V'^l -J^^ u^ -^-^1 ^VJ ' itjUcJl ;S>J1 ^UUI ^ o^'f AJ 01^

ji*; aJ^* «j^ -^^j-^ '^^^ Ui>Jlj c (oyif)) i*j.aiJl i^Uil jl^f jr^" :iUf

Weidner, E. F„"Studien zur Zeitgeschichte Tukulti - Ninurtas I",' In Arch. P. or. 1."i

( 1 y.TJ (^

-41), P. 109ff.

J^y .,,4:^l>Uljj_^l^UiiMlO>ji^,Oj:^

^ ^\ I JLA ;/^j , ((Jj^l ^!^ o'>U;)) 0*. S^ Jjf ^ Ojij^

.^IciJJ^^'^^-^

-^1 l5j^*^' -^^1 ii>^i

dJJuJl A^ ^^j ((^Jliil ^% o-jUJ)) diUl a^ v^l ^,J>I^Vl

i]_^yLp 1^^>U

i^'JI:

01 iJ-^JJ i AJl,Ja,L.; (^^i^lj^l isoUtjj C_p»Jl o-l* J>f jl^ij tOljiJlj

^^^LP jjjJawo \j:>\Sj ^Ljis SjXi jjJil ilj^i 'jr*ji "^^ IjplJalwulj ipljjjL

oLpU^ J J^l sL^j JUJI ^UixJl djj}i \j^ ^\ Ml VjU; J>

4jiL^ JjL L^ C^JS'\ L^JCd Aj^j-l>- o-LaU^ ^^^-^JJ i ^J^ 6jlwa^L; l^gjco

Jja_;Jl ,_j_U jj_va>Jl iali^ A;UJfc 4j^jj «Uif .5-t^ ^_jJU jL. Jij

Jlp iijOJl jUaJL- aJpjj" _^ jjJll k^\^ cu^l jjr-Jl '^i -J^j

4jjU^j J^lj JL^I ^ U^l J_;UJI f^^lj ^o^l UijJj-

Smith. S. M. A.."The Foundation of the Assyrian Empire" , InC. A. H.. vol. Ill, the Assyrian( \

Empire. Cambridge. 1 96^, PP. 7 - y.

m.1^3-

-V- "^

- "-r.

-.EV.fi

(^)^i^l

ilUlj _^>ll j- (:)>! ^ S-^l -JU^f J^ -^J "^J^ -^/^ v>^'-> ^r^'

oi^l; j^j ^Ij liUaJ Js-

iUUJir

(4«^j *^(>^UJUI oa^j aj jj^ J 4u JiL. L^ fc 1

(T) *•- *

(44 (^ JUb

o^^l^ ((^lill wauii

^ IjJlS* jj US' L»cw<k>- oaIj^I ^j>^ {( -j^jl) ((^^1 Olj^Vl))

^U JP LWI JJI ^ O.wi'f Jl2i dj:. ^U>j 4>JUaJ j>w'jJl; dJUi

Ibid., pp. 9- !0.

Ibid., PP. 12- l«.

^>.r-iw

Ji AiUNL J ; .uiU ^ ^'Miilj ^iUJl ^UJI J^-^^lUJl i^ (.U jJ

j_^ j\ 4j jjj^i oLjI_^i ,_^_u cJj>i^ c5>*-f (ji^ -^y <i^l ai*

^,_^lj ^ LSX.^ ^M ^^ t>djj-*Jl iijUl (>* ^-iU- ^w.>J ^ . tj

Y. . li^j Ulijl /y. (CJ^ ^'H\ SjAp li^j ((j_5^j^)) /^ (5a:;r ^-ilfj

dials'

'f^J ^i <-^. Oi^ » J_j^ (-f^^lj (^^^y^ Cr"UJf r^ A^

^jU cJi^r Jij ^.jUll (.Jk-A^ ^ Jpl ^^J oLSCo J^ ^ j,.^

>j=^ (( ^y^ ^ -La

ijj A^"^ dJUl wiuJui

^:>^ o^Uj ^Lj^ ^:. ^U^l ,>- t>^ of JJ t5>f ^.> Or--

o>U>Jlj viJljJl _^..^ • . ,U l^ia^ jJl h^\j}\ oljUxiNi

C^jjOjJl^ jJcj oJL^ oL^f i Jljj-Vl of^ Ul "yi L^ (»U jJl SjjiSO

Ibid.,PP.ig-31, (^)

.nY.Yo<\^.j,Ui^^l :îîj^'U^,^î^_,

t* •

i— .,>,...'.>.>oj t t jy»^ H

L^'Nj^ JhU eJOi .Ua'Vi dJLL- ^j <. sjloJI L^'l

j^Sl U;U Sjj^l ^ jjJl dLU2^1j J.

U^ oii^UJl

(^ . (3 VAT - A^ • ) ((siJWl ijj,\jj :>\i\)) LajJj |JLp wjj OjLcci^l

jyitj»(f . JVoi-VVY) ^UJI Ob jjJil c(|. .tiVVY-VAT) ((^1^1

ijju ^ UaI Sj^' oa-^ c^LI ^JJl ((. .li Vtn-Vor) (((_;-iLJl ^sj'^j

jjjJl ({Jjliil j^% ot>UJ)) o-bu ^^1 Jjjj l^ Jx5 (:ijj^) «

kjy^^jr' IJ

J:>U.|j <dj:> i-ij ^.^jJ Ju^ J^ ^^^\ aJ^^'^j ((> .ijVYV-Vio)

1.1 cdJ^ v^

LjlAt Jio Û J;c oi>J Lf^^ >î:5; ^Jj ^ . ^3 VfY (.1^ J^:> Û>-1

cj">L>J)) JjJ aJj t JJUJI ^bjjj J>-u:j jjJ>\ cJla>- Sj_^ oJu* c-^U

y)) C^j

^ <ui:>- jji^ ^Liii ((^% o!>u:))^ \JSJ^j^ .^iyrr^\^ iU^

J>^'y^u^ « ^__^UJ I -,ai«JLi )) i-jiUtj

LL^LSl.^^ ^

(jf^y yyJ' ''^" -^f cr**^ lT^3-Jl >ij _^> oLJI ^ .jj L^_ „^V^

-uIp J

j^^f- oi jLS" ^jA j^j ((^y>)) ^ i,^

a:'J Uljp

C 6j^u L>J ju

'U^-vJs

r-»^M ^4 (-i^lj-V.J 'V-!l^UMU:>*^>^Nt^^ J

Smith.S. M. A.. "The Superemacy,of Assyria", In C. A. H., vol. Ill, PP. 32,- 42. (^)

J[ Ji^\ ^\i J^l^l Jijj!di>^A:^ ^y6 ^^1 of^. J.

(0^-^ - J-il - -^JV) «J^l '^l^'^ C-'V» i^-J UJ^^ if- j?^' (^^

t_w-UJi cJ_pi ^j jJsL>^^ J t^^JUl «(l)b!>^ rj^yyi r^A^ «>^L«-*J ((3i:^j_^

U Ujj .^^1> o^.>Jl a^f^^. ^ Ob . of> (^^f Ji^L^ .-<U^VI

t C^>« .1 * L^ ikLJl a:ujj JjU T-bu ((ob!>^ ?-ji^)) jiJi JJo ty>Vl ol5

Ibid., pp. 49-50. (^)

Ji> Jib ^!>b ^ .jj^\ vx^b ':^j^T- r^-f c/ !^>^ ^^^Ml ^i^^^

.<iUl•• 4 r

jj-ui; ^ cJaa^ j>- SyUi s_^U^ i>>^l -^1^ ^>J'v* ^b

.iJLU ti L^ j L^ U^^ f Ls;^ L^- *>U jj t ^jSaj I ^!>U I ^ ;. y^ ^

«i>ijj^^l cH^. L*^ V^N^lj ii^lf «

iij;LJit dSj ,j^ diU ^.j>^ vL^ Sj_^' e^f

• (i VY • (.Ip ^j

Xp JU-iJi ^ SJb-l_^l t ^ 6^7*^ ly Oli>Jl J|Li"j c_^,<a^ dil-

-J c i-^^r^l i% i^-1^((j_jyv>w« L-

)) ^y liiJiS'j 4 JjJJij JU>Jlj t_vAJL]|

SjUdI (jji* tyjdOf «OJ;^y^)) J^^SUf /» , (i V\o *Lp ^j t ol^ i^waj

Ibid., PP. 56- 60. O)

sji ^j i^jjjl^ ^ i{jj:Sj:J^)) diU oLi <^>JL^I ^ Lolj

^_^ ojUu ^u^ .3y\i^^

jJl « JLU)) JX:^! JUl aUJI ^j t 0^1 ^j ((jJj )}

ÎjlJI c^ o-Û ^ i^bu ^'^f ^_,_«^ ^1 Û>J cJl5 .JI>VI

Ibid., pp. 55 -57, 0)

j_jXJ Jiai i AxJj:.'r'-/'-'

'^j'-j '-r'^^J <J^-*-^ c/ ^'-'=»^' '^J^ (»-^JJ

J^ ^«c^>^» Ji J^i r^^i --^^'^^ J^j (^j>) «c^^» JIU^ J^*

cJjj ^1 iJUJl r'^^^ 'U-.^a;*- jj^ L^Lp-f Jij t iJUJl (oLw*^)) ^j^^^ow. -v^L. L^ JS" cJy^ *^L:lj^ L^^^ OwUii Oli'j t U;-^ ^ ^ • ty ^1

Lgiii J-^^ *^'>^ -^-^ c^ ibJiJl frbj ^ jij AA-jiUs^ dXoUcU Ljpjlj^

Jj^^oLl(j. .cinA\-V.o) (Lj^f^j^) s^,j>c^UAs^,

'^M J O^L-JI 0-j>-iVl iJ^I 2-*J > ((v-.^ L. JlaI'J

iulJj; J OjLi ^1 cLLL- Lw- "^j i, j_^|^*>U i^lxJl j^JLiVl ^U^i

iJjjf-^l ol * »

^J J O-u ^U^b ^U aii dUi JUj ; -ui:;^

L/-j-^> J^.J ^o«^jiVl Ji>;i/L J^'lj ^^^1 L-i J^l_^ Jip

^J-Jl ^ iUt ^i^j t5JbJu>Jl 4J| U^ (ti^J Ajj_pf OJ^

ji\y, -»—*^ J-Sljf J OJ^f d,^ t !i_,_^_ a5LU-j Ajjj_J|j AjLXoJl

.OLw^l

^/sli^l^ o^-^a^J *iJJ^ "^^yj UU^ JjLj ^^ cJlS'j

^1 >f C.%j^J^y ^1^ e^_^l ^t Ji ^y dlJiO^j ; ^jl^l

aJ Lf«ivs ,^ji^ j_^ frUaiJl ^y Olxu-lj t (t-frilj^ fjL^" "y cJl5 (i/.JJij

^_^l ^_^ .uSbf ^ o-^^j iA>-l^ oL;l>vil ^1 t^if U^ t aJUjI

Jlp aUi]i ^y ((0 jJu>-^f)) ykj aLVi <^'y> o^f j^ J^ < L^j^^l

tajJlj JUpI C-UpI jJI i:::i!l ^^ *-UiaJI ^ ((jjO^-^l)) ^>SUj

Smith,S. M.A./'SennacheribandEsarhacidon'MnC.A.H.,vol.ni,PP.61-79. (\)

6it*yj tjJ^I <-^^ 4 lJl«.^ aJjJUjJ.>-

Lo JJ^ ""-^ L$U L^j . (l^jwL.^'j^l

0^.jP^I sA- ^^" J^\ >LJI ^^f dUl J ^^^vi j*uu

Ji> 0^^" ^-^ ^ij ^^i^l Sjii^l JL^ t> ji>LJl ^^ jjju (.li

^ j_»x»^l L^jJ ^^...ito y *L2xi!>U o_^^ (( j Jjj>-j^ f )) A>-j

^^a^LJl ^.^ ejjd^ C-vi^- ij[ ; 4Ji^ ..Jk; cJl^ AxJj3 ^ j_^Vl

u^ d^j^ J[ lij^l ^^ \ , ,^% ijj^ ^b <i ^ d\jjuj

/J- 'if

<^'JLJL.ti'". JJ^

. JjL Jj^ kU^Vl D_^ 1 jS:^ 1 JLp bJUL j^Jits jjuji

I Sjb;yij i^oLJl A^jU^ dUi^U Jl jJl«J aij ; JjVl 3I>JI

eJj^L-j "^J^ Jl *:^;^ ^J> J^^ O jjAJI .0^ ^> -^J ^ ^J j:^ J^

_^Vi «j^f OL^j ajUj^ of cr^y^ «J^>H j^'» ^j>j i-i^j

.^^ JbJu of U4> J^ JjUi ^.j>-Vl a- J^ c> c> Cr^^'-'^'

t3>" J ^ v'f *^ '^^^fy^j c^i>Vi v'j^i Ml «A* ^>'vi

^ ,,Au JUL j^f as; (Jj .LoV l^L^ Jj Ji '

5^ iL^ >^ . i>rtjj-i^l -^ CMj^^ hy *Mf *^J J>- J-j^

I UJ ij .^i

Ibid., pp. 79 -87. 0)

. ^y^\ iy IJ> ^'J^Vl J^\ J^M C Lfei ^>l

Crtj-~*^oJlo JjL dJJU oj^lj JLJL jj^I ^j^ Uwl* OjL*Jl j^»:la(Ij

, J;L dLL «^1 Up jLi of Jl UU

'iU.i'J j^ (( JLJL jjjil)) f-ly Jju dil

L«-aL_'

JuaJLI y^ LL dlL. i>-l oai IJUb JLpj C(_y^j>-Vl v^ U IjijP 01 -Uj

:r-^- -^

L^ .a.> v-U w-^^ o^H.j^Vl ^ 1^'

(* . ci "l^Y ^Lp ^j

ÛÔj^jJl jUajJlj^pUÎ cJl^ c i>r^ 1^ ckL^ u

yGJ 'f.ijliA ^Lp ^ ^^1 0:^^ t'i^l

*•** _*JlSUJ

^ ^^1 ^1 ^^1 JSUII ^M ^ ((JUL ^^f,, 4;.^ 01 ^;*?^ ^_^,_Jiii c \jjJJ, .u-AP uLS-j

j»V Ji ^^^1 (J c oJLvi «u^f S-LpL^

'' '-Hij ((i>t^) Ji L^'iyfj J.V i]> ^Uip.>!>Lp iSvU-a SLo- c

•jL^f^r^j'c

.linn (.u ^^^ j^i:;^, ((JL-^l j^fa jtj

ili-j 4^.jliJl iJuh u^ ^^ ^>P -b ji U JJ Up cJaiJl l^J\J 0l5jVl SAi,j c^K Ai^^l^Vl of JLP Jo; L^.^ ^rVly»l>

^ U^f Ji 4^ „ JLJU _,_^i,) dOJI oU \JAj£^^j cLjJUjf^'L-

.<^'((j:>LJ - JJI _ j_^t,) AXiJ^j Ol Jlp dUi *^ ^JJ ^^1

j^Vl)) jt-^b uiy«J 5Jj-br lj^\ C^j^ J;L ^j ijV.jlj Ujj-J ^>Ja-Jj

JU^I Lj^^ JiP OjiO^I Jji^l e^ <.jy^\ iSa^ Lwalj tii-:p

AjiJ H\ iwUll o^. dU Ij c l^ij^ ^i^ JjjLUl J>-lj Jj^

wy6j , V-W aI^I^^I ^5»

p!>^t ^ly^' J^^J es^'j ^.jy^^Jl

Smith,S.M.A„"Ashurbanipalandthefallof Assyria", InC.A.H.,vol.IlI.PP.113-126. (^)

Ibid., PP. 131.(Y)

iUJij^niJ

.(. .J^Lill ^Vl^ljfli. ^LJI ^Ul oLSjL^I u^ JJ

.i.j^VliJjaJI(.Ujy.|ji.^

J; L^ ISO. -u^^

^ E* ^.j^ c>- Jjrtj^ ^ S^^jJ 4jJJ**^ V 1^

AjiUJi e vo'V> -at rj

ijrtj*—

i/iXv-lj

dLUJjk

. ^\y^\ ^jfcr^ J\j6\j JiJi\

4::-- j»-^'JU^j ij^^\ aJLUI e^Vl ii_^ :>AP Jj> j_p-j>Jl Jiuj

, l>-jXi«^

^^jj_JiVl dlLJl SJ>J ((Jli!l jUJ)) ^_^l dJJuJ 1 iJ^ JiU-T

J,} ^ ,,JliJl jl^)) ^- ^i A^J Ai3>Jl ^i Jl (^jjtjx^lj

Thompson. R.C.."The New Baby Ionian Empire". In C, A. H.. vol. Ill, Cambridge. 1965, (^)

206-212.

cr-*L^ .^^^' L3y ,^*—^V <^ ^j^^^ oi^h^J c^^^-^l '^j-^ ^hj^j^^l JJlO^^ ^ ^j ««jyijJ'»

ijj-^ 5jij^ Jji oijfc dUi oLS'j ,^5-iiJ

-^-^J=^J ((U^)) '>^*-l Jl^J ^'^ «_^f j^ JjijJ ^;_^j t ^Iw. i>*ijf

(J JJI

43-1^ J-*^ ur*^' 'iijuU^ J^ ^ ^^^.,0^ CJI5 cJjil villi ^j t <wif

. j^LJl rt-S"^! AjjL* j^ UJU^ i^Ujj ^^yJeuJi ^\^ ^jJaM ;t>^ (5 J

JjL^j jj' r^ l^v^ Jit>lill oJU iU^*^ r o^U >rUJI

, OJUJI ^ (t^it^-jJ blJ^^x^l (5^V!

isL^j ^r-^Ml J-^^ ^.>^'c:^^

^-^ "^^^i ^^Jui.

(AO• ••

J^ ^J>^

, _.f -Uj j^\S <)uUi ^.^1 Ua-^ viiUJL; i^yU5

^ 0^1 cOJD OLSCi c ^Ij (iU*; >^j ^i^ in.-^l (^f-^ i-jU^

)"((^jtjUi JUry,, ^0^^ ^^1 > ^^ '^j ^j^ ^ ^'s^.> Jj ; cJtj O^P ^ CJ^./-^"^ ^1^1 -^

J (_^JJI j^\ ^1 -wU oU UJj ;/l5l >^:^. L. '-^ ly -^ji

Ibid., Pff. 212.(^)

. «^J^1» cr^^.J (H^^Lli -^f U^f-Ail^J \j^j^i o^i^.

LL o^U^ uiLkJl kfj «-M^»^ Jiw J

Hjj. S^;-iP ijJiUJl J^r^j i*jLJ| ^ oljJuJ

^ Oc^LJI •iijJ^I jM-f ^«-*^ Aj-Ujhlj eiyij -^jji aJjJ uj^ JiJj

;Û^j i^^l jU^Vl ^ d^l ^0^ yU>J| JUpf ô^JoJU Ûi-

. Ai^aill JjUJI UUf J f

cy c/^ t5^l (^jUJl^j^jS'dLUJI a. Jlp Lib ijL^; o^br oiJ,

4-USGl 1^\Jhjij^l:

t« 4 tt cki^ Jj^^

. Aji_^' diJi

L4, sL>J|^lk. ^ Li J-L J,_^^_ J

Ibid., PP. 21

-21 8.

Thompson, R. C„" Decay and Fall of Baby Ionia under Nabonidus", In C. A. H., vol. HI, PP. (\)

218-225.

c^JU) L^ Ul

(^^ 1 o\j^li^j^51 .

' so^lj vl>^ iiJ^ Ji SjLi;>U ((OUi,) J (,^jU )) lj=t~f

oj^" ^' c o^ly.;yij ^.jVl ^j^ ^1 ((U^ UL^.I,) iJlu-jV

(*' J ;<^'0ly.lj%OjUi

r.Nl IJLa -U;:^ ijt ji>)li pj> <aUi ^ jjti ((^^u » uf

Herzfeld, E., Iran In the Ancient East, Oxford, 1 94-^. P. 1 92.0)

^i^. "^.,T^^^?J."]^."

^.j>I^Vl > j,»!l a^l^ eJUfc C-iiJbfj t(^jUJl j^^UJl I

j_^i^lo (>ri^b cr>^i ':ji ^1^1 o>j>Ji iij^b

L^Jlp Oj-Aiiajj i. (( jl^|)) (t-A-5% ijj,»—^ iikuJl oJLa jl^L- Ul , J^l

7- L- ^

. Aryan(, ^ J f )) Ui" ^ L^.^:^k>- <2x^ ^j ^ (olyj ^jt) (_jX*^

-*-* Ojy sJl-^ J ((

SUI^ i^*il Jjjdl ^ lj\jiy\ '^jS:j>Ji\ oJi» U:^ -J> \ r a i /^\^ro

. (^'J^UJl JU.«:l-.^/L i>,~>^ ;]Nja* »f

Olii* i

Dichs,B., The Ancient Perisians, How They lived and 'Worked, London, 1979, P. M

Herodotus, The Persians wars. Translated by George RawUnson, N. Y., 1 942, P. 52X

^.^j^ ^y wU^x^j

\4J>^_}\

'JjH\ :il;^^J^<s^\^H\ Z^jS)

r* U_^J-L_^a.b- -j_

"t - H "

.JikJ^J 1 1—

i(j wi! aJjJU 'j;oLjl jisLJ ^^.J-^^J '^i>^l (ijUJij

oLiUvJl ^ly ^5^1 J-»jJl jjj^,j I. OjJ SJbJ JAJLj" /JIj^I ^_;^ oils'

Jj")) jf ((O)) j^,,^. U ^^.j^J ^[

. *^*L^^j Oly^i JU^j ^jU i^ia:;^M

ojl^,*:^! ^ t jl^Jlj 3pUIj ^LpVI w.Uoj olj^l ^\:.i:^\ ^JSj

; j^^-^l OjJ ji (1)15 0^1 ilJb ^ jUOJl jl ii^tjli i J.U JSCJio ^^^yJi\

^ d^ l^^\ 01^1 J ^\ ^ SjOiil (.Jip Jl ^i ^y. Lw^j

oLv jL J:^^ jUOll ^-UJbr U^ j^ jJ ;S_,SLJ| iU-^l oJLA

•• * M *•

Dicks, B., The Ancient Persians, U. S. A, 1 979, P, 1

UJI \jjj^\ ,>u iy^j j^ ^. "y dUi Of ^\ . <^'DU^Vl

»Ju ^1 ^y ^1 iJly.J/l ^l_^l >^ L:::-lj^:r^^i ^w^V-j ' Ls>

fI-- ^

l-UiJ 'J>i!! J L»jii\ olj:>Vl oJb:-! iU^l oJi* a.L^ v_.yj

J__i; ^L-aU-

ij->^\ J jU^! ol5U3 viliJL^j t ^;......J I Ji:Ji L«J ^1 JUaJuaJl

JjcaJL CJ_/^ Jl» ioM'M' ^jV' 2j^' apLm? il)t i. ii-U-^l

'-^ ly ch-j J-^' i>'>-- '^- ' ^-^ J^ j^^

(rr J5Li) .'^yij^ iJ^l^ c^' A--1 ^Jij y\j} .LU ^a.v, _^l

;lJIj.-^VI J^ I^J-AP Ij-Awai t iwa^wJJl Ojjl i^LJlj JU-^I ._^[j

(t)r^ ^;-.«-^ olia^ ^Usu^ljj o^^Jt-^ O^ij'j^ (^ <P" Jl *.*>LU

J^'ro- JjVtiU^ -Uk ',

^^1 iijU^JlyfcUiJl j»j«.i j^j

L*yf Jjl ^ JjUl cJlS-j tJjLuJl .L vl^_^| ;^^ cf* j'y^ ^

UaJl J;:5aL J JU-iVl uUpI^ o-LiUu^^l^l^ SjU

Ghrishman,R.,op.cit.,p.29.

Ibid., p. 29.

Ghirshman.R.FouillesDeSialk, vol. Paris, 1938,P. 17,PI. VII, LIV.

:J^' J^>>;i (i)

Schmidt, E. F. Excavations at Tepe Hissar Damghan, Philadelphia, 1 937, P. 6 1

^\ jA ;ai^ ^^ a,( rr^)

J jjwJl \x^ oUx^ ^^ ^j^ u5-"^^J <,L^5L-U: ^ JlpLj j>-

^Ji.«j j<-*j ^ 0Ij«LjO1 OiAa*. •* Jo^^S^ r ' JjVi

. 1 ^ U.. l^.^- ^ J..k..„.J I Ji:^ I J 3LJ

^ J jLjl i^J Ji^l ^-jJl ^J Jii . JyJ\ ^X; J^ UJj

cT^y^ cr^-^

Ji */Vl JjJJl :>yrj j?-^' »y 0^J>»-5' ^>«^ ^'^-J •

(\) Vlo^L

ji jLlpI Jlp Jiljj ; oJl siLL" ^ UJ SUJI ^Uapl J aJaJU JU::^!

J jLJ^

^*^1 II* ^1 ^„ ^ \-^j . '''c>j^

^iJ ,^^J^\ JSv^l jl_^>^ il^^i.^ h l3 wIU^c^^j AiJ t dJjL^ ij

^^.'i,i

-tt* •i/f

Hifou-

Childe, C. New IJghton The Most Ancient East, London, 1 964, P. 1 92. (\)

,\o\ ,\o\ ^ .JiLJl^^l .^,)y^^\ XJ.J (Y)

- 5i,>^.^UJl

oJL* :^J <" r L>y ^H*"'j-

l^^^c^Si^ . <''o jjl \:>.lj,îj ÛÎj„^LSLJ.|j v-^^l o-^rf^-^lj"

ji-^' j'>»»^ j- Uji c-^j oij'^^ J^ (Y-i J5Li)

<^':Jljj;rV

.Uo"i S!^ ^.^'^1 ^^-^ cr^y c^' vU!^i ^ij^' Jj' a*

J ^j . U\y_y\l^\ J^ ^^\ j\jc^')l\ y^ Jly.l J OUNI

Ghirshman.R.op,dt., P. 1 i.PI.X,4.

Schmidt. E. F. op. cit., P. 302.

Meldgitard. J. Mortensen. P..Thrane. H, "Excavations at Tepe Quran, Luristan"'In Acta

Archi34fl%4j. PP. 110-131.

r'. f.

L^LL-jl J_^_j t^jij^ IV Jlj-^ SL^/ ^_^ ;>._^l ^ Jp ulj_^

• X w^ ^ A>-L*wO

3J_j>.j , 4jf - -

. oUJJl \Jj>\ ^ A ^iJJlj V, j>.j A ^ v'U^l oj^l oUJa] 1

^jj.;^ diiij ju^ i-; ^ jx.^1 ^.y'Vi J

^IjjJt ^UNL; iUiJl oljiVl ,jj2ju_ jp Luy:^ . (3 ^jUI ^Vl

_^^1 e-.^^ ^^ ^ viUi5> L^ c J;rLJlj ^)\j ;y^j\j^\ Ji.

".^jj t <Cjj5s1<JI

ijjUNl l^j tLUil iiPVl oUUJl ^ i^'U A^lj^l ^Ij^Vl

Jjb u>j 3jl JLili ; jJ5Lw»JL; Xi^ ^-^^J

^ <V- ^I^S ^ SjLp ^l^ JjV

sLpjJI j>a ljSJ6\ oJla ^ jLSLsJ oUj (, *^ljjl ^j^j (__y*-^j^' v]/^--^

^ j_^L^l t3y ^ij V:^iaJl J:^' j^ JjUJ (*-^ ^JJ^

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^iJLiVl l^V^i cy'jVl Jl5::if ^'ISj . ,5yJ ^ i^\^ il^^j jH.^1

j^ c^iJi ^>Ji :^ jii^>^. U (o) i^.^i ;uji ^ \j[^y

j>tJUu dJJi -U«j ji t J U4 <UjLLa O^La AiJ^>iX.^U

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1 ^ r. ftbj^l io^-jVl Jjii*

4_aJ? Upj Jj_iv^^^*^f jUaj(H. D) hj^H\ oUJxll LjjuIj:

oJLA ^^-'OL-JYl ^y^yXJiS cAjjLi Lpl^i j.l;^u:;^bj,.,

u 1 ^ .ua^Jl J^ 4.^;Ji

f yjuJlj A^_^^^>JI ^l^jjl'^^:^-^ Vj-^1 CjIjjVIj'^-1-JIj

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L^r.u-j^x^i aj! *:ifii .t4:ij:>f ,Jipu.

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sf_^l .w>1 J] .^i^Jt. 'U; J J . o'UH^j *LJ Ji*: W' J-*^*>

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Ijtu^ (^'j^ SLiwo^ t3_p JL<Ji Ttcpe Sarah .wJiiljL- iJ «ij'

J•vli^l

.ad^^ a* jf' ./To M Aj«• ij^Vl

-> -Si c* ;b*Jij

.; "'_^_^ ^ O^ ^1 .dUL- ^ S>^1 iLJaJil ,j-JLJlj c Ol ;jVlj

^1^11 ^.i^J ^ ^^bU Vv «^ ^-^J ^fJl -W^^'^l .:^J

^ JUicJi ^UiaJl of J. Mellaart /Jb j 4 L4J i^j;^ L.U. jt^ ^JiiS ij

. ^rr ^j-- .jjUi^^i :j^j_^ui J^J(^)

Braidwood, R. J.. Howe, B., Reed, C. A., op.cit.,P. 2008. a)

r Emmer Wheat Ijjl

jl ^1 iyrj Jj^ IJ^y iJil a;^y "V -ui Jl R. J. Braidwood^JLi jUi

j LkAJ C5* J- "-"J

î^j 1 5_^_**JJ u^jUaJl î-/»Vlj ^;-*^Vl jjill li J^-aJIj «^Û

<u J^VI i ^X^ mm

iflUVl i-i-i^fj C--*-Jj tiaii ix*J! J^^«^ ^r^ J ^;^^L*^ loiL^l

t^^pjlj L^ljjJl ^ Lo jj_IU».>,:J Ijjli' L^ Ij-^^ l/-^' ^'J tioiijJl

Mellaart, J .. op. cit., P. 262.

Braidwoodd, R.J, Howe B., Reed, C. A., op. cit., P. 2009.

Ibid., p. 2009.

Mallowan. M. .''The Development of Cities from Ale I 'baid To The End of Uruk 5" in

C A H., vol I. Part II, Cambridge. 1 970, P. 437.

;5'Lwa -^jj

J2ju^ ^ ^jLiSJ^S SjUi>Jl oJu ^ \^^\ iijSUJi ^IkJl ^yj

JJ:^- L^;t ^1^1 yj ciJU Sl^l JJ^' ^1 5>^l V^' JhU

Ui Jl «i wj'jLvu <Lj ojL,iL>- ^j^aP' OL (, 1-14

.iÛJI JJ îUl ^Vl iîJuj (Ûl ^Vl

a* 'jj^--^^*^ Lj J^ :>U^ \$Jui ^Ul DehLuran uljjJ ^J;i j^jiljJ i^yJl

jr^.J .^>i>Jl^% v>^'^*^' W-J^'^^' V-^l^^^r^b

tij-^i 0^ 'j?*^ j^^ '^'j-^ (i'^ (i'^'j j-^j • jy.^' -^^ 'Jj**-

oLl^j^ ^2„ku Uj^V I^j . <^Y^' J'> OU^I 4.^1^ (.>JI,

i^^,,(aju A>tjl Jii t oL ol^ •fi-

i^ .^îik;! ^1 5ij_Ji ^ juîs^^kii oJift jb jUzpî ji '"'oeÛi

Laj-U-*j| frj-M^ ^J ^ A}\^1 .yiiii i,jU>ji J>lJ1

Mellaart.J.op.cit,P. 262.

Hole, F, Flannery, K. V," Excavations at Alikosh. Iran, 1961" in Iranica Antiqua, Vol.

II. 1962, PP. 99 -103.

Ibid, P. i36.

'i^^ :}^ ;_^i^j .|L- ^}slj^ ^\j\ \iAj^:m\^\ guu 4>-u«:ii

t ^ ** 1

oJ^ -^ -r-^_ IL^ ol-lk; J«fr

j_jiaxl:l li* ^j .j^ .-a^^V *• xt - V t I '&JBii.s jj:j ^U L^ J,j.VI jjJill uij*j .t'(^'4-^j jl^»I.L'^j^_;^»»J

"Mordeh

FS--&J'

9! . -Gi

3 ^ 4 L

Hole.iF. Flaimery. K, Neely.U. "Early Agriculture and Animal:Husba Ndrv' in Deh

LuranJran'\imCurrcntAnthropolog>-,\Vol.6.No. 1 . February. ilMCi?. PP. 105- 106.

MenaartJ,Qp-(Git,iP.^<iO.

1^0^,,^_:J^^\d[J[ ^.lUi.,iU*i^IJ f iif^

L-»^f

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JU o^^ c> JJ^')' (^^ VWI A. jU*JI iU^l ^^^j

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! •^^r^i ^^j^jUip'yi-^Sf^ c^ijJiT-bjNru^

(tJ)» ^1

r-UaJ "j'j*'' ^ yj^ ejLo?-

U^j i^yi_^,^l .jUiO^j 4.^l.jj|^|.U^ '^

Hole, H, Hannery,tK,,Neely, F,,Op- Clt, P 106.

Metlaart . J, Op. Cit, P. 260,

Hole, K, Flannery. K. V„Op. GU,iP. 126.

'r'^i cr^ fjjiii.-- ;;>>«- ^'

( ro J^)

Ijj^Vl ipUv:' ^ i.Ji..:u-^l v-c^'^1 S^LJl yk jl^vaJl /r^ Jiij

LT" J^v dLi.15 ^J ,l^^H\J

111 01

L^^ r^ ^ ^^ cjr^l oljjVl il^^l oIa ^ hj^^ I.IJ.VI

. '^'(Y'YJ^) .iJj-^l J'>'-Jlj A^'-Jl ^?-^»^l ^ ^f^ ^^j--^'

Ibid., p. I 18. PL. X. no. I.

Ibid.,pp.ll8-119,PL,XI.

Mellaart.J.. op.cit., P. 261.

Ibid., pi, XII.

ti:i:f

'.1*^'

f ?t"^!i'lrj

-r-'ie-E^j

mdJj^^^ni^

= !i ;

.J-jSJs^^yj lijM»^\ ^\j:}i\ ^^ (n JS^)

. 2^1 £,1^' j^ ^>^ (rv J^)

. 4i>-_^l oAa ^y ^JJ-iS" j^ltfu |J aj jUJJ ULwaJl oLi

J ' L^..^^ j^- ,;J1 ^1 ^>JI ^ly. JjLJ

JjluJl i^S\ ^\ jy^\ Jiij ,^\ ^ i.M*. J>. I -d I ^OIj-uJl

jL>^Vlj jlj^S"^! 0^ ip>^Ljl j^-Lj^ ^jj ^^j}Jr\ ^j \J

(^'i. JJl |V=rU>Jl ^ oUjJtJl Ji^_ iyrj^^J c>_ilX^Vlj

Mohammed ^,_iU?- a_*>w« jj^i)) *—-^ o_;-*3 LiJliJl i-U-j^l Ul

• tieV' • f^ J^^ rJn « # 4

f^ Jlj^O^-^^^Lf*-? «Jaffar

jjJlJl llf! Sj;j^l dj jUa>Jl ybLkJl J^^ Uij . wiiii J^ Uj jj . j*

Hole. F..Fmannery.K.. Neely. J.. op.cit.,p. 106. 0)

. Sj^^ Jlj-^l ^l-f ^y. J^ (VA JSLi)

oj-Uc- ^1 ii jUJJl JljVl jj^ .iUJlS jjJi li^J i\^\ -AlkJ!

^>. jj Aji*yi (n JSU) ^_^Vi ojiii ^.>Ji jUUJi i^ui cL^iUj

. ^jUJIj J^IJI J jS'j ^\ Ja,^^ ._^j ^ ^1 j^Jl J! JU^I

o^ûi J. u ^j\-^\ J. uîî c^^'j . :^j^ j^^ îjVi ^_^j

Hole. E. Planner. K. V. "Excavations at Ali Kosh. Iran. 1961" in Iranica Antiqua, Vol. O)

II(1962),P. 108.Fig.5.

.^jsj^^j. jj\j)i\ ou j ^^ ^,\^( r^J^)

J[%^ <;>. ^l\ii[^d\^%J C^lj^ljJl^^Vlj JliJ^

: i . J^) A>Jx^ l^j ila_, L^:uJij (V a : i •

J^^)' ^^^jUJl^

. (^ "9 : 1 JSLi) (^>*1 L^Lii f OiJ

Ibid.,pp.ll6-118,PL.VIII. 0)

^ j^ jj. i^y J ^\j'i\ ^^.jj t}y^ J^ ^'^

H^ -ra

Ir -"*.rl

>-^K¥:iffi1ir

It"'"11 ^

VKi-i-

MifrlJ

Jfi-iu

IjH'-^S

-*-^^^

jiJuOi p-ljJl jj> ^.-aIS" JL-ili ihj>^\ oIjj^VL) Jvoi) UJj

ii^j LlkUl ^ SJ-..*jocJI c^lj:>M oX:>*»< * rjj *•

U^JJJ 4^ j^^^,A)<J lIUJlS'j t(_gJUJl iySil^-

4jjjJi ^jjaII ijL>.^l ojjfa ^ Uaj! oLJ*y

^U C/«—^J J t idj LJ I ^il^yj I j^ j^ US' ^JiJ^ I ^y -^

. ^Ix^Vlj

.^;^b>ll ^bj^iy^lj;]! ><biy^^' L^L-

»« >

\\l^j>^J[ y,H\ lA^ J villi ^,\j , JUJI IJU J J jVl

Tepe Sabz y\^ '^ fSy jAj

: cLJUU iJ

<-Ll- ^ ^^L ^_^| iJly_^/l .1^^,.^ oyjl iiL>Jl ip dilij

533 -J: a

Ch^J hj^\ cA^\'cJ>^,. ul^l ^> ^^j ^>.^ ^^Vi

>LJI ^ cijUJlJ^LdJ ^^1 iJu,^ jLSUl oUjI ^ dUU V<jWlj..Jj.Vt oP.-jUi>Jl .j^^l .bit viUij .L4:.. ^>JI Jl i^|_^|

ri>' Ij^ 1 " ^" AiU. U^ J^ lh.jjW^ 6:Ji^"

jlîi^^l U^ ^ j_.f OlS'U^ ÛJJI JjJl jf 4.^'Vl ojJÎ

-u iJi-Jj/l i;jU>Jl oLiU^Jl ^LiJjl ^.j . \j>js^ \jr>\\'j V> 1^14

Jjdl U[ . J^ J_^l 5UJ <^l_^ J^^J i^_^ JU-1 <j.U;l

cyJ_JI oUol ^__^ i;.:-L jjkj. JU-iJi jJl L^iiAi t/Jl i>-L^l

l^yLp i*.jf Jl_^ iJU^l oliJLkJl

Ghirshman, R,,FouUl£s de Slalk, Pres de Kashan, 1933, 1934, 1937, Vol. I, Paris, 1938, P. 5. 0)

^^E-^"I

jiK.-a

;^HiTjL

I ^ ;J)

j!^,-i:u-^l iilJu; JjVl iUaJl fxJ ti!_;i ^^^ ^r-*^ if iU-^l sJlA

JjVl AijU^I -^y^\ Jl v^l <i..iVl o ^

./ ^J*«

c^ijVl:^ JjJ-iO

:J-VI^I>

^-Ull ^1 y S^i^l ^1 ^Ul Jl L^^ J^.

-Ui cipj*>^l «Ia J I

J I J L5CJ; L J.^ U-ij t J^^l ^l^i ^^a*jj j^L

C v^j' uf*^J ^ t

djk^" J ;i,Vi aJu ^i^L5"J J

L^JUy o>*:j , i^ljj U.j>^ JLUl Ujl;;^! oJL5 L, ^J^ L^^

Ibid.,p, 10.

Ibid.,pl. XXXVIII.S. I513.S. 1687,S. 1?68.PL.IV, 1-2.

^fl- 1.

. Jj«J I dJL- cr* ^.J^l .ylj^'C^*-^ j^. ( n J^)

^IjJl *j>>Jl ^y^_ i J^l^' ; ji.V J ^^ -^^^i

! t i^ L^^ iAjiJi ^ Jf^t <A>]! jA-'f

<• «

u^^i eA* ui^'j . v^^i r^^ ^^->^>

Ibld.,pl. XXXVIII, 5. 1567.(\)

ZTjliriZl

' IF >

jjVi ciJUL- ^ iijUUJi^ijVi ^,^ 2:^j^*^ ( i X J5^

UcJL?J 'V t

Ibid., pi. XL III, C. 2 - 3, PP. 1 1 - 14.

Ibid., pp. 14-15.

o\S JjVl ;,^'V! iaJJl ^ ;p_^*^l .Ju. ^ Uii^j ^1 jijVi Jj!

L5-^l (^y U.i J

fr4 **

i'; u (^

JiLi) ^.Jaiioj Ui;^ l^ljJ^ ^^j ^jSl (»^?x^ Jl^Vlj oLJLkLJl

i i^uji aj_;Vi iiiaJi J oULkiJi II.'''(a : ii

.(•>(•;

: U J5Li) .l>\^J\ x^ '^[Jc^l iy,^:i^ l^ljj^j Jl_^l

S^^SLJl^lj^l oiii^^Li tipj^^Ulft^^lji ob^ J^^,U-3j

oLaaJI ^I

(•\) (T-^ :io JS:^) .U-i:^ jyoL^jiolili^JlSLii

3-SWJ i>^-'

r^^.i^

i=^^ ^1"

r m\, -r

J 5l '-^ST-'i

H"^H^^-^l

'^tf 5^;

. ^atY-^a-.

U* k^'^S^.

€^i^

m^i^-!

^S -'i?y

fa:i ^

IIPr M'

Ibid.,pl.XXXIX,S, 1546,S. 15L^.Pl.VIIet2.

Ibid., pi. XXXIX. S. 15 14.

Ibid., pi. XXXIX, S. 1426. et, PI, V. I et 2.

Ibid., pi. XXXIX, S. 1647.

Ibid., pi. XXXIX, S. 1 27 4 et PI. VI, 3.

Ibid., pi. XLIII. B. 9. XLIV, A. 15.

j^\ ijUiJi ^ijVi 2^iuj >^ ( 1 i js;ji)

.oi±- jt oL« '^J^ji\ j\jH\ i- j (10 j5;ji)

ts) ^14• _ * ^li^l Ji

: *^.yj!^ hj'^ ijh^-"

i^lNiiîjj^ 4û- j^J 4j 1 ii^*>iiJ .cjuJi ^;îj ouui ^,;^

>^ as j\jH\ wjf oi 7-^1^1 ^j 4la^'-v- ^ 'Jji,Vi

OlJ ojÎaII _p«: J>: lî^j i^-â-* '-^^

ij_-.f iS^^r^ CL^I jx, o^i^ cy ^>-^ '^\c^'^ >j ^'^'^^^ t-^

Ibid., P 16.

IbldMp.21,pl.Ln, 1

' §;.

cA (J-^^ J^

v^l^l^=r^^>^ ^ju^oj^ ^ oliJl UJJI^lJJ^j

^i Ja.j L«^ UJiS ^1 JI^Vl S^Ji^tAij .'^'(H JS^) dUUo41

. JjVl ^L- ^ ^y*^ Oyr ( n J5^)

M C Aj••

. V ui^r Vl^LwiJLi^^ 0li'^^>^l Ojl^l apL^^^^I«*

.;jdUJ! ^.^'Vi iiJJt JJ cy.j^y^ ^J :^ -^^- H

^ L^JliJ-^ Lw *bj^l jU>.Vl ^ Oij'^'•• .. • aj6J

.(r)(iVjS:i)C^lj>JljL>^i

c<i5Uil UJxll J^^^ ^ l^liJ^j kj>^^ cy.j^j^\ ^\^ IMj

AiUgJ JLJ^ ^U. J5Li^ UjOp i\^j\j c JjVl ^.y'Vl ^JoJl Jc^ dUij

O^.jlj* er^-'.

Ibid.,p.21,pl. LIII, 15.

Ibid., pi, Un, 18.

IWd.,p,21,Pl.UIl,14et 17. (t)

. JjVl JUL-. ^ kyy^ oiJ^y ( iV JiCi)

^^1 a_pL^ of 2_JJli~Jl i;^->^l J jU^I ol5Ui LiUi^j. tJtJI I

JjH\ dJL- ^ S>^ i^;^ jijl^ (iA J^)

Ibid., pp. 23-24,plLll, 26,31. (^)

Huot, J, L., Persia, I, From The Origins to the Achaemenids, Translated from The (X)

French by, H. S. B. Harrison, London, 1970, P. 81

^ c:^>Jl J .jj^ ^\ J U^^Jl oJijJ >ll jUJVl ^.j

tJ^' 0^ JjJ^aJI jL>^VJ..

IjjO-^j (. ^^*jjL-fj jtJl^j

^jVl hj\^J^\ U^y^\ J k^\J\ hjH\ ^^1 b-JU!J ^J

jijKwVl ilj:>y:^ V t* _ •

oljiV j»^|Ji^;i^| ol ^y.j tilijJl Oljjf ,_;^a* -Jl

^^i ly Jj^l ^.^'Vl iiJaJl JLU WaJl ^Jl Olj^f^ j_^l ii^

Ghirshman. R., op.clt.,pp. 16- 17

Ibid., pp. 17-20.

Ibid.,p.24,Pl.L 11,42,44,45.

Ibid.,p.20,Pl.Lll,5,21.

Ibid.,pl.Lll,3.

Ibid.,pl.Lll,32.

j5ji ^ .^as:^ ^1 oji

Jj!ji dQL- ^ •*^,-}\ oijil jii~ ( n J^)

. Wl ojL^)' Uj^J

^yS\b\S 'ui^>>^i pl-^'^JJ^ 0^ \^H\ I Ji i.j!>Ul »Ia

Ib!d.,pl.L 11,41,

Ibid.,pl. Lll,24.

Ibid., p. 21, PI. LI 1,26, 3 1,38, 39.

Ghirshman,R.,lranfromthe Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest, P. 30.

Jlp aJUJ J^jUl. 0_j5a-u jj:-'^! JUll ^y <u"L>- jlj i OjJl JUj sL>J|

' '"^. Jl j-^" ^•^^r?=^J Lf^' J^' j'.>^ iijAvi» Aj^,>^ ^_^ti CJwij

^j ; JjLv ^ Ui. lLU i5 J*::>^ I ^yj c,^Ul ^l^iiil 'j:^ J Jj^l

. Ai^Vl Ji- <Jib}\ i^.^ oljif ^y siJlS" \^l ^\p^\

U-lj .iiJi 01 jJ^,j c(^) J^l ^Uii^ u>,.r*^' "^J ^yrj^Jj>" cJir ^1 VU::^! p^\j , dj\i\ ^\ .Ua;^; JjiJ\ x^ UaJJ J}

VI djJil c:.-w oi (.Ui^Jl oj^ J_^l JuJLft 0_ijP JlJj t

"^kj^jr-- l5^I f^l Jl i-^- ^-^Vl (!) JlJI 01 jUpI^ ctJUij c 4^1

.i^ ^ JVa^NI ^^j c*'' sL>JL A.CUJ JLp %S^ oLj^I .u^ JGhirshman. R./oulUes de Sialk, Vol. I, P. U

Ibid., pi. X, 4.

Ibid., p. 10.

Child,C.,op.cit.,p. 192.

rv^^1T

^ ^Ij^l J^l Jl JUx;*^! iU^ ^L5j . SjUdlj ^[ui\ J^Ui-lj

^L;ii-1 ^r* ,>SU: 03 JjVl dUU- SjU>- OLJl ui j-Uj .^jJl ,>>-

Îkp^y 4P_û<a^ JpT l^ JL^ J>«J I ^bUipl îjoL-Ul ^l_î,yt^

oljiVl .Ji* ^j ^^jjaJIj J^l^l J^ i^bjJ^ iUuJi oljiVl

olj^Vl <pL^j iijU^I oU.LuJ! v^ SjU>Jl »JIa J>' j^j

Child, C„op.cit.,p. 191.

Huot,J.L..op.clt.,p.81. 0)

J!>L_^I ;lUi ^j . iiLwVl j\ d\j^\ X^ 0\S Ay. JUvlJl

^ c^^ ^\Sj , 4;U^ ^ ^'U A.AJ ^_^. ^^Ij ;^^

^Ij ojolj.LJ JjVl dilL. 5jU^

^ ^Ju U id^ Jj^ ^yJl ^^1 J^U, Js- L^

'^s*^ ^^. il .^LJl JUb'yi ik^l_^ 1^" M J^Lxil IJu.

^i ^ A.jL^I <_iL-_^l Uj-3j:;>^_ |_^15 j.JUl JjJ_pwJl jUJi

iJj Clii'V

JU^ ^ ^^U <_i^_, dUL- i_j ^ iilliJlj iJLJJij ^jVl

•u-^^V

'^jr-^ J ^-v^UJlj Oyl_pi ^_^'Vl oUJaJl ^j ijjUiJl oULwaJl

^L^Nl ^ UJ J ;|J44

*•**-/-^v o'j Ij^L^V

1 •* M

^y ;>^. JjVl viUU. SjU;- oUl jL::pI Jl dj^j}J\ Wl Oij

hirshraan,R.. Iran from the Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest. P. .^5

Dyson. R. H.,op. cit.,p. 236.

\eT j-» .J-UI^^^I :^_,_j^Ula^j (f)

JyfU « • J\y- J[ J-^.

^l-iljl eA^ Tepe Giyan jUr iJ(;f^'

. A lishtar jli^ ^^j Delfan b\^:>j Harsin j^-v-jU- ^^ U J-s*aj jl5

^.^j' Ji> J^ ^—J-- .^1 Jj-^^'' ^-^J 'oijy^ ^J-^ crt>

J_J L. jj-^ oIjUa>h 0L>- SjU^ JUaJl J\ dJJi t^jfj . OU-j_p

dIa ^'t __;_fbj . tij-:^! V-Li ^y l^lr-j-j V"^ ly (Jly^Jl i> ^.JUl

syiLo i,_^l JUJi ^JH\ ^jJl Jb^jij . J:>^l y Ai~L- Lj^ Ui^.j

c^^^Vl JJI (.ii^iiUJl jUJj /^'l^-ro' > ^. >. U <d> (iie.

Juh ^ ,>SLJlj jl^H^Nl i-U^ U^"^ ^Ir ^LorJl -^ Oiii^!Aij

; JLii.1 ;i'>l!j ^Li. ^ .O^ Sli*i c U^ iyl La^'^j ^b '^^> tH-^'

.*^^C\i >^>^îjf^V' 1 j-*p> vîj(^ ^\ j-^J^Jj'î

Contenau, G. Ghirshman, R, Fouilles Du Tepe - Gigan, Pres de NehaVend (1931 et (^ )

1932),Paris, 1945,PP. 1-3

Ibid., p, 7. (^)

^-Ma^l ^> ^. jL^I J-^ ^ jj-^^. ^ UJI 4ji^ H\ '^ji •ryj

JLft C

Jl '^' Mc Cown iL-ljj L^ U^J^ ^1 i!_;Vl SjUI ^ oVI ^1 (.03^1 ^ ^^1 L^V ..^ dUij c .Jbu J;.!^

Li oÛJ tSJ I û;*:!/! j^y^j .^ A.\< ^ (i) iÛJ

. (I) iv-^UJl OU- iii> ^j oUJJl (.JLif ^ ^^.JoJl t5^;S>>Jl

j^^,aji]\j i-^UJl i_AJaJl ^ 1 ^;1p ^1 4.jU^I bL2Jl ^j

^_^l tAjjU^I 0UU2JI ^ ^^jjj^^f ^^.a>Jl t^^;>oJl

JiLio aJ^ j^-j c ;_JlyJl ^ iJUj su^ L^ ^ jJi i:^\ dl

U l.^;v<>J 4 liJuCJt ol:j_)j i^^J^' "-^ '—^3 -^J • •^J*'^ "^^ '^j^J ' S^

Mc Cown, D,E.. The Comparative Stratigraphy of Early Iran, Chicago - 1 942, P, 13

Contenau, G „ Ghirshman, R ,. op. cit., pp. 62 - 63, PL 42.

UW V £fj- c^i s^l/^l ^^. J u^. ( \ J^)

^yS c^^^^\ ^1 ^IjVl <uiJ L^l LUJI oi* ^ ^-^j t^ljV

^>ll II* iJLu^t ^ JJi jLS- oij ; ^>JI^ c:o^a>Jl ^^^,:>^

.^Ul i,^^Vl ^JJl ^ dUij i_^ U j^> CJ15 L^ ..lisa r :u.l:i

^jj t(l) i^UJl OU SjU^^.^ ^^1 jbJb^bJ.^_ UJj

^ .ij ia« • - £A' « ^y SyiJL; UJuJU-J ^^^SUj -ul o_,--j:i

Contenau.G.. Ghirshman.R., op.cit.,p, 63.

Dyson. R.. op. cit., Fig. 1,P. 249.

-^\hrA^jJi^\''^j:^j.\

}- H^ :^

:E'-I^i

ajIa.j ^^UJI OJVI i.L^ Ji^p^ v^l i;jU>Jl iip^_^! ^jy;

j.w3j^)) ^L iJj^l i-U-^l ^.^U: ^j o^LJl JJ *jl^l .JJV

^ *^*(^j|jj| 5jUaj:^_^^.,apyfej t Chalcolithic {{j>^\j ^UJl -iJL^tJi^l

^LkJ L^ L^1 oUi

;.y'Vl bUJi j^r^j JjVl iij\j2^\ '^^\ J UL*^- ^1 ^.jU;>Jl

j-i^^l 0- J:>^l oLJj. ^^.^ il' ^-HTJ ur^l (i^l ^<^

jUJl i^L^ ibijl ^1 ^ii L^ .LJI ^ ^1 ^_^i ^loi^l

JU^II JpLi: Jl diJi_^.j . l^\^y\ L^\ Js. l^ oUS:. yc;:uJl

4 aj'L>- ^LL>j jiL, Uj L^>\Ja--! -djU^j i <b ilaj^^l itJ ULs:.!J

^ *x.|j jJl JU^ Ji OLJ^I v^jUJ C,jc-Jij ic^^; ^yjl .:u«J AaJj

_î <u_^ -ba^l jUall 11* 3l:;£j- Ûi ^l_^Vl ^j^rj Jl Û^'UF

.LJUjJ ^ }$Jii oL^'yb y,A:Jlj jUOJl ii^ J ^.-î 'Îj ^ûi41

^yk^ jA jj5co- ^j i4;5b>l^,«^ w-jl ^ :>j--i '^":>^ ^-i^ ^/^'

s^j^l,>Ji .^^^ij .^MijJj^^^^'-'^'^'^-^--^'

.^^Vl j^lj jjj^\ j> sj,a>JI ^1^1 ^>u 1^1 z.^\ M .^ijij

*» •

Ghirshman.R.. op.cit., p.34. (^)

''^! ^^

d\Si^ J JyJi 4^U J jL. ^b j^ Ojj^jIxJl j^" aii i.j=^^\ JUJ

i oJL-pUJl! "jiLiOllj JLJl>J1j j:waj>JL j_^jlJt iJaJw f»Ui t iJij>J^

i-dj^J^ *L*ajb^l (1>V t jt^'-^l cT-^-^^' c3j^' ilk:.* ^y Lb_pJ-« L jLs.aL>-

u^ u5^ cH^ '^bj >:^*^'-^ -of ^I^J-^^^.j

iL.^ j^. o^tiJJ

Oi ijlyj jb Jj-i!l ^1 tJL«-J._,-^ iU^'yi <*>^_j i4^._^l oUJxw>vJ

stf ?j s;

^lai.^1 ijjb i Jljj L oLJ)/l jI^Ujj^j ^j.^\ IJla^j .^JIjJI

BaumgarteU E. J.rPredynastic Egypt", In C A H,Vol. 1. Part I, Cambridge, 1 970, P. 469. ( \)

Chirshman, R., op. cit., p- 35. (^)

Caton -Thompson, G.^andGardiner,E.W., The Desert Fayum vol. I, London, 1934. pp.41- (^)

^ jU>Jl ^l::i*>U V-;u'^i y^UiJl ^ >. UJ ^yc^j 4ol^. Nl

(iJliJt 4.jU>Jt ;Jb.^l J-iU.) LiJJL- V

VY Jl _. la . ^ l.jH\ CjUU^I .IL-. ^jl/ij t ^l-- V ;^>

iVi Ul ^ ,—^' ^j ^ f*^

t .:>Li. ol^^l Oljo^ oJi^j .jl^>U '^j^ fh ^^\ ^>

Ghirshman.R..FouinesdeSialk,presdeKashan, Vol.1, P. 10.

Ghirshman, R.,Iran from the EarliestTimes to the Islamic Conquest, Fig. 6. P. ?>^

r- - d

^-r^l^ ^\j J5LL; _,.l::iJl a.a>Ji a_5^f ^\j ^ -^^l ^^

IJl* OlJa>-%ij . ^l^^/l JJ^ aJjOJj J

L5*t* ' jl5 jUJ

.<^'^>f ^l>V ^j ojl^ ;i^^l ^l>V

J>5.LJ^|^| ^^ j.|j^i«::^|^J:,\J ^ l^y, iUa L^LU ^LJu

iJUl i,jL.^! U>.^| ^ ijUl i_UJl ^j .L^UJjIj Olja^

cr^y- ;t(>Ul ^_^| ^ o_^ ^ 0^" 6ljJL>J

iii\ii\ iUJ

1^15 J

^ljjl^.>jj^l^1-1

Ibid., pp.32 -33.

Ghirshman. R.. FouUle.s de Sialk, prcs de Kashan, Vol. I. PP. 26 - 27. (f)

f^l ? r\r

î^ji^î,j c^VVi o^ JjLî ^^j' Ji-f- Jj^î ^.j^-^

iJL>fc^

i]j ^Ul Oe-bJl J^l .1J:>J1 c3y ^J cir^>-' ^^ 0^ ^^^^ "^^

S,!^ ^. ^ ^f Jl ojl^;^l j^J .fUiJi > ii. ^1 IjU!

.(N)iU-_^l oIa ^ L^ >-i^i ^" ^rJl 7^^>

cr^-^^ ^*^'*^"

4j VI ^> > ^1 A. jUJJl JljVl ^^ ^^^"

;i,^ j^ ^wîj t«-^lj ipj*jr«^ JliS Li>JI Ur^Û iÛJ

]i^%, , tiiUl ijjL^^l '^yJi\ cr' hj^ U^y^^.JJ ^^

^ LjJl ;jjUi>Jl iJb-jJ Lfr^^1 l^

ii^^l ^ (^) ipj^^l ^ ^b^^l ^ .^ iXo^ •^ 5:>j=r

i^U jlyl J dUij Uif J^ ^;lj^> Oj^ ^J O. U>J

,|jVl>w-j .^^N-M

aJVI LÎa^Î Uî /^

yLj ,APJlp

,WV^JI A.jU^l i)-^l ^^ ^.J^^> J^j"^* ^">^ j-^. W^J

dU^ JS^Jl; i^V! ^^UJI ^lai^ rf U..UjH

^jAi ^ijVi :)\^%i

Ibid., p. 27.

Ibid.,pl.XLVI.S. 1747.S.173{1.S. 1737.

Ibid., pp. 28-30.

i^^^Jai^ Uik.

t A-j;ui <>tj

. ;L;iiJi ^u, -^ ^i^Vi g-iuj >~ („y-j5;i)

IV" jt oLib. iiij. J> v-ju* S/KJil oi^l ^Ij _

5-*r<. /

f-T' ../

*L-it3J 4.i.Ljb

Ibid., pi. XLV I ! , D. 9.

Ibid., pl.XLIX,A.2l.

.}\i^^> ^IjVl ob j ( J^)

loi tiJli3

;liJ MjU^l

;i JLSCJif iu* > JljVl obij (ov J^)

pi. L l.D. II. 14, 16, 17

Ibid., Fig .1,1 -2, P. 28.

dj^ 01 J_*;;>o U.> LJj oli oUl_^j c>pU1 JLSL^l ^Ij^l

Jj_L- cL.a_>^. J AJlJi;^>Li .'^'o^i^l oULwJl oNU^ ^j

J^) v-UJi ^liJl oU -OU c^>l i\y. ^^ ^p^i^xj j'iV

^J L-O I ^•-> h*' liJi oLS:^ J>xJ f^)(0A

/a w»f

il^<»

V-^lv^l^l,r^(oAj^)

MenaartJ..op.cit..p.293

Ghirshman. R..op.cit.,p. 30.

Ibid.,pKLl!.46.48et57.

; j>Ji ;kîj. ;p_î>^ cJis' c villi ij jU>ji iu_î ^ i^

_ôiy.i^ôu;yij^^.^ÛJl^,^^ ^,> Jl^^yJl oJjoiiL^

. v-uji jjL-bu ^.i^( o^J^)

Ij^Vl jis^ L^ji^j U>J ij^Vi (.1

LkJi a- ijiVi (.1

jJl jIopVI s^ U^ t^.*->^ ^ i^ 5jJw» Uii^l jjU^I

S.bJ l^j

1 Ji JLii iwUaiJ

IbidMpl.Lll.52.

Ibid., p. 30.

. 3j^ J i^'LJl i.^:^! ol^Vl oU. j ( V J^)

^^Vl ^*^l ^ y:^ ^j^iW J^)

Ibid.,pl.Lin.l3.

Ibid.,pI.Ln,6,

•* ... •

1^-1 jl t J5LJLJI ^^jaUL^uj .jjL-VI Jl5Lif c^yJj .y^l

. **irj ^.J^ ^i.r^^jj'-' (nr J^)

l^^l ^ Lfvi*^^ \-^ .-\yj \s._pp\ UipL^ ^ '^^

.jsLtJiiLh-i^^jjL-t(nrJs^)

jJ;Ji^l ^jJj Vj^lj jjj*^! ^^ ^ >Vl ^;^l ^ ^.JJi

Oljif ^ Jc^lj jj>JI J^lfl-^^^l ^.'-^ -J^ W^ ^^-^ cT^'

IbW.( pi. L 11,20.

Ibid., pl. LI 1, 16.

i * »

Jf^lj J J jr^I :r- *^>^^ I

^y-JIO U- ^>u (

-^ £ jXji

rj <• t-v-iJl jUt^Vl ^y ip_j:waJl ij jj J^ ;l>ryj

o^L^^lj^^l ^^^^oiU ,jUUJ|^ h^jx,:^\ o;J

c3 J—

:> t ^

^Mk. .lai.J bI^,^-^ iu>tP ^ ^

(Y) (no jXJi).

or ^91

iiJUi .i^ o U-j o L -il i (1 JSCji

iUJi kijU>sj\ iU-^i ^ ^iJU

J ' Ji^V

i.^w'Vl iU^l j^-ujj

I O jJl oljJlcr^ <U;'•

Oi.a^" ^i olo^Vl^ W.J4JI jU rjj t

iJUdAj ^Ijr

Ibid-.pl. L 11.8, 12,

Ibki.,;pl. L M. 18.40,25,

Ibid. , pi, »L 11. '6.

Ibid., p. 33.

.i_^U ^y /\3'^' Meliaart ^^. e^ ^1^1 J^l JUJi ^ .I^U

^ ^UNI jrL^-yi U^^ f>^l V^l f^ 1> <>''7^l '-^

;_^ i^UJl LiJJl ^ -LJJ^ ^-i-iS" ^^JJI J-^l 01.;^ ^ i.-'U^j

Meliaart,.!.. op.cit.,p. 293.

Mallowan,M.. op.cU,,p.448.

Frankfort, H.Jhe Birth Of Civilization in the Near East, London. 1 95 1.N. 3. P

. dA-on ^ ^ \^VV

Mallowan.M..op.cit., p.44a.(i)

(k^ i^UJl OLrT ^j^) ^^ V

i-J ^ VL^I A. jL.^^1 AJL>-_^b i^UJl 4.y'^l oUUtJl J^y

, (((c-j) i^^UJl olfr iL>-^)) iwoMv-iJl aI>-j^I

_^-^ <oi 5V ^J«^' J -^J ^S^^ J^^' ly^^" ^^i^ ^^^'

^1 u^jU j>^\ dj li 4_,j^... oi5:i c ^jVi iijU>ji ;i^^i ji

iljVi :!JJ •»

, <^'(•\V JSC^) 0^1 J^ ^> ^r-^- ^^ '^^J *^-^-^ "^"^^ ^^-^

^ .b^ oU,^ U.>)l iu^UJJl ^IjVl o^ villi Ju^j

JUPj t iJWI dUL- a>-y. ^ cjj^ jS\ ^" v^" ^j» c pt

fJ-^J 0^

"Sj-^Ji,f

._^j Vl^.)fl ^l_^l ^ J,^l ^ ^_jr\ ^I^'U>JI oxJf JiiJj

Contenau,G.,Ghirshman, R., FouiUes du Tepe - Giyan, pres de Nehavend (1931 Et 1932),( \

PP. 63 -64, PI. 62.

.uL^ vVo^l/^' ^^.J a^ (-W J^)

L-,U,> aJi Jl5 jij . V^l i. J Ui=>JI .^ii:-^ Ji*-Jl cijL^^I C^^J

0^^b' ^U JilJ:^ JJJi5 Ji^%. J v^"^ j^r cr' ^^^'-J

jf ^j«:J| i^jUbJl il^^l ^jU iiUl ib^^ ^,jU>^l ^^^i

ciJljJlU^i

1^.Ja.

•^ ol5j ,^J6lJ^ o\J\ J 3_r^j j^-'^' iUxP

^LÛ (Dl^f ^l-î ^jlj . La>j iu j oljit^ (.Jii,i^- ^1 Îj^lj

fj-^-ci-^l olj?>-!l (»">oJ j^^l ^Uai^l ^> ^f t>.

Lf^ J AilL

(. oUlj^l *^ f-l^^l j_iiL*j *,_ybu" ^^1 i;_^l __4iLJl -^ s_JLo"

>> ^^ . l^^U^ J U^y^ J\c.\^\j^ JJUJ L^Uf ^^j Jij

Ghirshman.R., Iran from the Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest, p, 36. 0)

;. i \

•'.\

J^'Udl eJLA ^\jj^ci^\ ^j>'\ (j,-a^Ji t^f ^ -^i *ljj 0^ Oyo^ lyLS*

U;^^ j^ u\^y\ uî ^-d^ ^jui f.jLî iiA îjj

jiP U5 t ^L>Jl ^y ipjl^a^ L^T^^ ^>^r^' cr"^' ^^-V^^ ' ^!>=>^'

L^O^tJ LJ ^-L^ ^jL>dlJ:.LLJl ibjj'y !>;_,

Ibid., p. 40. 0)

oL^l Jli^Jit 1^15:. J^ U oLp_^ (>S3j t v-XA

Jut J^U ^\jiy\ v^l > ^r^ t5/i

^_, JJ ^ c^-l jJl <--jUJl 0>L-.lj ; J jl^l Wjf Ji-t o>i^.

.^i;i ^J u^J^I ^^> a- f '^/^ cP C^r-* '^"^* ^-^'^' ^'^•

J!>U C>U;r ^" («-3j^j Yanik diJL iJj Geoy ^_^ VJ J-Vh ,^r->

:(Uli)l iijU^I SJ^/JI J"i^) ^W^ V

U. Jill IJLa ^ V^^l oliii^l ^"j ' J^tn« J[^

Ibid., pp. 41 -42.0)

mI MK '

I 2n ^

.^i.-ift^^

^j , <^)Û-iJl JjJl «1_>J!^ l^b ^j cUiy^ ly:- ^*\ • c V>. Ûl ûJaJl \^J^\j JjVl iaJaJl l4*JLil ; hj\ oU~U ^ J]

UJI o * '

l/^ -^J-^J (j^ Aj J^l Uii^ I* ^ w

VI * ^UaJ L JaS l_pj ^^ c>^

:^li>* a*

iULJl ^Ly'Vl aJJl ^ aIjcoIj .

Ghirshman, R.^FouUles DeSialk,Presde Kashan, vol.1, P. 34.

rbid.,pI.LXI.

xr. i^Jb.,;^^! ^1 v^>ll Uly ^U^f ^-j t^>Ul ^>JI v^lyj

. iiJWl JJL- ^ iilliJi iiy'Vl iikll ^>V^' o^' ^-^ *>^' r^ (T^ J^)

aJj ^LJl jlja^ >^ oJu-j i-l^l idT^'^^l iV»^l a' *l^'j

Ji>-^L diJi5 ^.jJV I ol* wLaj .^rr*>Ji jy ^^

J^ al5J ^jUJl ^ ^UJI ,>-. «Dljd>. J ^Ji^

Ibid., p. 40.

lbid.,p.4(),PL. LX.

\T—V "-^TT

^yjl OI^Ujjj J^'(V» J^) ^ Y« jjjJl .fi*--j j»-- ^o c^Wyd\

. iiJlill ^U ^ iul^l 4.^'!JI ;U.JI ^ J jLai >Ja>J P--J (V. J^)

1^ Vi^ ^L. ^15 dUL^ ^ JLJI .JLa of Jlp 4J:>f ^j, ^ ^jcy> JUii

Ibid., p. 41, PL. LX.(^)

i.!)L*j oljJ_>JI cJai. JlJJj ^ \' X ie X YY 'U.l>x>-I ^ISj^^VI U , ^

ij^ ^ jL>J (wii-i ivM^UJl aj^Vi ilJaJl olj-v>- Ja-«i ^y si-^jj

015^3 . j^ -^ ^i U^j Uiki^c^ J^\ ^\y} ^^J ^ ^^ ^^-^

(r)^ i •

Cj^apLjI Jbjj N Uj^ *^ A* olj>t>Jl (j-^1 t^Lj M^O'

dJLli ol5' Uj jj i_AivJlj jlj-l>Jl jL^Jl A>it^ .,4a:>- lyJ JJ LfJiii»j sfj^Jl

o'yU- i^jii^^.j t p-^i*^ ._a.t,<ll ;ii>J j:_>- SUjJl i.jJL^ JlJ. p^liO.

^1 .^jJJi ^ly Ûo-f c^ i-'Ûl ê^'Vl iiJaJl ^j

Mallowan, M., op.clt., P.45().

Ghishman,R,. fip.cH.,?A\.

Ibld,P,42.

Ibid, PP. 41 -42, PL. LXI.

Mallowan, M., op.cit,, P. 450,

Ghirshman, R „ bp.dt., P. 44.

Ibkl.,P,42.

JaJl J,l^ 4-JJj

^>)l cJly fL;r^l cJcLj col^>^l^U( (.UUl ^^Ji.x-J

i.^'Vl iU*)! -^ ^L- (^j^ <>^"j

Mallowan,M.,op.cit„ P. 450.

Ghirshman, R„ op.cit., P. 43. (^)

t\e -^-'^

^j L.jU-0 oJi^l hu_\J\ ^_^'Vl iiJJl Ju.j . dUU- ^ <JLiJlj JjVl

JU^ ^^ .UJI ^ ^'^1 ^. iJLlilj JjVl :;^.^^Vl j:::^^! >

****** *4 t* *« t«

t^'^Vl ^UJ

JSLi) y^l ^ '^y^ ^jPj J\j\ Jj, Jy^\ jl^ iJlill ^i^'Vl

Jfi^'j j^>U'0^ ip^ivxo 5_^,Ju^ obt>\i ^"jJl ^^yi^ ^Lij ^ J

tAjiU ÎjIdjÛ^ i_ÛJl L^'Vl iUaJl ^jipj . <^>ÛJlj

Childe. CNew Light On The Most Ancient East, P. 1 96

Ghirshman.R., op.clt., P. 43.

Ibid.,PL. LXIII,S,36y.

Ibid., P. 43.

io X\\>

U«xi ijj%' <c^lj

.'^'(VrJ^)..c5>c^^?^

-^ u^J 'Jj*^l ^^

Ibid., PP. 44 -45.

Ibld.,PP..Ki-39,Fig.5.P.37.a)

4j-r"Vi

.iJbJi aJL- J ji^i ij^ ^i>^ cM^" r^ ( vrJ^)

LiJaJl ^ L^ U>JS jJ! aj jU^I JljVl .-i,;.,.,^; ,>5U.j

JJI ^ L^ ^JJi^ ^1 ^'iJLiVl iJLsVl-f

JSU) hi'y^ L^lj-^ ^^J 'Lftj> ilij l^U>-f>-^ JjVl viJ^liSl

4.^'Vl iiJJl ^j <''(-^: Vi J^) L^-Apli^^ j^jf i^y ^^

Ibid., pp. 45 -48.

Ibid., pi. LXII.S. 181 IB.

Ibid., pi. LXII.S. 1811 A,

Ibid., pi. LXII,S..195.

Ibid., pi. LXIV,S.258.

y ^jH\ d.bU)i h)H\ oUJJi J o> ^1 ^IjJVi Jl5Ltl ,>u (Yi Ji^)

. ilJlillciLlL^

4Ûx^lî ^loiVl ^1^ ^lîwuiUl hJiH\ iUJi Jj ^'\^: vo

^U:^ j^

bUlj ^1^1 ^jVl or^l </ c'-^'Vl Jli^I >*. (va J5Li)

. iiJUl

^^'1. JSLi^ s>^ Uj^ly cJL^j ,U^ .\j^\ l^ Jbr_^. ^j

i ;ijV ly

Ibid., pi. LXVI.S. 1758.

Ibid.,pl.LXIX,S. 158.

Ibid.,pl.LXIX,S. 147,5.156.

. ii)li)1 dUL- ^ i-iUl ijy'Vl iiJaJl ^ ^\Ji^\ Ji\^\ ^jjuu (VT J^)

(VV J^) ('Iw^^^'yi ^'Li i^'lJl S^.JwJ

iillill dUU- ^ i^Ul iij^\ iiJxll^^ ^loiVl Jl5Lil ,y>uo (vv J5^)

dj!>Ull i._pVl oLiJJl ^ ^i-i5 :(oLjU2LJ1) oLo^^Jk^

J JU. ^ A^^ JjVl c oL^^I ^ j^>^ ^jVl

^^uJidl ^i^l L.I .<*'(! :VA JSiJ.)^JcuS\ JSCiJl oli oU^^Jl

; •>Ui J^ ,_^j (. Ujy: 4Jlj^ Jc^*^ ^-^l (J^ ^J^ jlSCi

Ibid., pi. L.XXII,S. 1765. S,1778,S,1M.

Ibid.,pl.LXII.S.394.

\J\ ii^^Vl VL1^\ Ij^j (N)(^: v^ j5L^) Sjjj_Jl sapUII

dJU- ^ ^j^\ ^':Lii\ L^'Vl oUJaJ! J oLJuj>JI JlSLiI ^yi^ (V^ JS^Ji)

. iilUi

UJujJi oljwi*- j a-lpLiil rt">o- __,Jwaj' _p^ Js^ j«-:;-<>w2l)

^ jJIoLj.^! ^1^ -1 ^\SJ Jr- ^ J*'l^U>-l ^ J

^,_LU! Ujj^r ol^^l oL^^l ^ ciilLill i.jU>Jl iU^I J:>U

. *'*(AY J^) .Li_p^ ti>Jl ^jyrj cLa>^

Ibid.,p].LXn,S.41S,

Ibid.,pl.LXIV.S.228S. 1821,

Ibid., pl.LXIX, 5.1695.J

Ibid.,pl.LXXriI,S. 26,5.1688.

Ibid., pi. LXXIII.S. 1738.

\ • I

. iti\ii\ viiJU- ^ ^1^1 ;LJVI :UJJ| ^ oL-b^l JlSLli ^^ (V<\ JXJi)

. SilWl ^U- ^ i-.Ul iy'Vl :i2^l J oLo^^iJ 2^^ (A. js;ji)

l^«.'

:iilUi û- ^ ;>uUi î^'^rfi âjJi ^ oLa.>Ji Ji^t ,yuu (a v J^)

t io-uI

jj I "CUijA; _}~*1; U L^ jLSo i, ^Jj^l Jli^l Cj:>-L<uj . l^L^

ofjj 4_wUJl ^^'Vi i2JaJl Jc-oj t iju^\ AjkjiJi j>J >>-^' Jc-*i ^-*~H

JjVl ii^'Vl iiJaJi ^ biUj ^1 ji^i JLS:Jil (.oif :jl^L ^

^ [^jj>[i *• _ ' ^l>u-Nl J5JJI Jb^t ti jl_^l J5Li j~iJ

^J^LJj y,^l J. ^>JI II* jl5 Lh jj '^'(Ao J5:^) iijL^ Aijk

Jla UJl 4j V! ^J jplii.L-Jl /.JJ ^jVl

Ibld.,pl.LXni,S.368,S.257. PL LXIV, S. 1782, PLLXIII, S. 18 17, PL, LXVIII, S. 174.(^)

163,PLLXVII,S. 152,PL.LXXI,S.III.

IbW.,pl. LXII,S. 1693.

Ibld.,pl.XrV,I.

.JiJUl dUL- iU^ J>U ^j3^| j-iU j>-

( Ar JS^Ji)

.JjVi;,^'V ^1 s> ^j^ J\ oJ^\ Jl^Vl

«-; (r)-^i^^^'^^b^li^iJ^Li o-J

c^ljJlJaiJL ^^^loi L^lik^% ci^Ji:^! ob J! ^L>^ ciJllil

Ibid., pi. LXVm,S. 1396

Ibid.,pl.LXVni,S. 1397

Ibid., pp.48 -53.

.^iJ^iil ^L. ^ J.tJl ^^, oUJJl ^ l^^ ^,^1^ j^^- (^^ j^^

y J SOJUI ijUJlj LiJi ^Uij 0^-=^ wjjj-,^

4_«iJ A_±j oLu jj ^ j U L^ t i^ju^ bjl L^ JjV

.^ ^j\ '^1

: AV js:-i) .Uoj .b^ oU._^ j5Ci ^ji '"(^ :av j5Li) .1.^ oLih. jf (r)(^

.^v js:^) ^JoJ^ oU._^

IWd.,pl.LXXVI,A. 19-20

n)W..pl.LXXVI,A.21,22.

n>W..pl.LXXVI,A,8, 18.

iYo "t

Jip jOO v^^ f^J U^J ^ ^^^ "b JU^liU^l^^ijV ^J

(X)(Â J5Li) iÛ^ 4Jjîp>^ 41^

Ibid.,pl-LXXVI.A, 11.16.

Ibid.,pl.LXXVI,B. 19-20.

yUl dUU- ^ i--l>Jl iiy'Vl Okli j> jl>l ^iUi ^>~ (An J^)

. iiiliJl dJL- J v--^' Jl^^l ^J^"' trJ' </'j^' '^^-J U^ (AV JS^)

. ijj>i,>^ i!>*> crJl JbV' *^-J (AA J^)

hJiH\ i^Jl 0^ ^1 l,j\^\ ^ULil jr Olii^^j'uj

^"^iJlill

' Vi ^ -u-lj J;Ux. vi^^ J L^ iJ-^U ^yjl V^l ^_J. J,_^ J^lj

Ibid.,pl.LXXX,A. 1,

ibid., pi. XV, 1.

Ibid.,pl,LXXX,A,4.

Ibid.,pl. LXXX,A.8.

Ibid.,pl.LXXX,A.5.

Ibld.,pl,LXXX,B.2.

r '...5.

^^Cv- 1 I H-r

iJiiJi v^L-o i-^UJi iij^] iaiJi Ji ^y- ii.>- ijUi ijt ( '\. J^)

i-^^^^.V.\V» *M

. iJliJ) JUL- ^

^U Ji:^> ^1 ^lj!;ll o>) jo^ (n JS^)

LpLvj^-l cjjk.^ u^ j^

. UiUl ^ijJlil lUaJl ^ ^lj*il i:- >1 5^i>*: ( ^ i.^)

Ibid.,pl.LXXXII,15,16.

rbW.,pl. LXX.S. 119,PLLXXI, S. 1800. 0)

Sii^j Aiip\f.j^j\ j^u-

c ^)(<\o js:^.) ^i_pi ^ ^i j^ uu-i ob5V j'jfj

.i.-Ul ijVl liUl ^ iJH'^l f^>l £i^ Clo J5^)

^.jUOll ^IjVi ^yi*. i^J ^ v^l ^^jl ^^_ ^j^j]L^ji A2ij

u^.'J <(Y) pia_jJl Jl__^l ^ i4

;ijVi ,>^ :ijj UJliJi dUU U>-^

J-^^) Jj^l ^iy"^! ^^1 J U^ v-^i-i^ iijUJ iJP JliJi J_. J^

Ibid.,pl.LXXV.

Mallowan, M ., op. cit., pp. 450, 452.

"ry.J . J-.'t^ll lj\j3.->- Al^y> <jL^ X.O '•^'^jSjj

J '''hM V ^_rj '^^^ -•UW' ^-r j^ -^••' •' .v-- -ujJliJ CK-I "^

^W uf^ Uc^ .^ .uJ

a' UJl ^IJJ

:!J 'Uri Ull

j^* Jl<^ IJ UidI 11* oL iUxp Jio:^__eJUJI^ .>*tJI o^y. Lw ; '^' JlyJl JU^ ^|_^| ,.Ju ^M u.> c^Vi ^>s; u^j . '^>*^.^i ^1^ u^ ^^j^j cy *^f^" ^ jl ^1 ^ j^lUa^l 1x15 J oUJi AiJ

Vj cLa^Ui- 4;rjl ^^^ U^ ^Li:J ^J i^^Ufcj

dUio^„ ^jl ^;A^ ^_^J Jl^ J , hj^^. ^Vl Cjii^.

y>>-^ ( J i_^ jLj^ ;

Ibid.,pl.LXXXin,C.3.

• »oij*^y.U Ui^ ,^^,^- ^_, ^1^1 j^i. J~» U Jl_p« ^_^ OJj J^ Jl^ IjjU- iiJ ^ ^y.

Tobler, A. J.JExcavations At Tepe Gawara 11, Philadelphia, 1 950, PLS, CXXXIX, No 309,

LXXVm(a).

Ibid.,p!,CLXn,No,82.

Frankfort, H.,The Birth of Civilization in the Near East, London, 1 95 1 , P. 45

^'-V^ ^ .J.U\ ^Ji.\ -..JJani J^X^ (V)

. ob^lj ^y.)\ 4.UJ '^\^^ !> ^j-iL*> jf r^^y^" C/" ^^

ijJliJl dUU- iUy J%^ OLJNI (.li ^ 4. jUUJl ^IjV! ^U-iJ

^^>(c^ : '\l J5^) "»>-^ l_j1^V ^!,r->^ L,LL^ i^Ulj i^^Ul

.^.y?^l JbVi o^CWj^)

^ OuLJl i,.^^Vl i^l ^^J r^j^ ^\j^H LUJi ^;^ ^i5j

ty 4j** V »

. (0(AV J^) ^yr.-wb j_^ olx:>

Ghirshman, R.,op. cit.,pp- 54- 56.

Ibid., pi. LXXXV.S 1799,

n)id.,pl. LXXXV.S. 1734.

IbW.,pl.XXIII,5.aetb.(I)

. Ki-_^\ oljif ,>-J 2^iUi (u J^)

lbld.,pl, LKXXVI.S. 160.

Ibld.,pl.LXXXVI,S.99,

IbJd.,pl.LXXXVI,S.86.

lbld.,pl.LXXXVI,S.401.

IbW.,p.57.

y^_ ^j . '^>(l : ^<\ JiLJi) JjVl 4.^'Vl ^JaJl J iU->l Jj^ J ^^ fUil

ii;i ^ VI c^j cAiJUl ;lil o^.y VI I J /Co^f>

(_fe I J t :<\'\ ^)j^^\ ^jJ

^.jUk^l lA^yJS ^.^'Vl oUJaJl J^ L^yiP ^1 ^l:o^Vl^f

a" fjr^ y^^

^U. ^ (-bo^-Vl jUxil (.^.i^l .1^ ^ ciJ^^ -^^^^ ^^^. J Jl

Jl UP U;i^N U ^ dUi^.j . ^.^'yi jL>dl ^;Uu ^ Uj^-j

. <^>^.^»3^l J i^UJl 4:uSa.j iJl-JJ ;.>J1 JJ-^^

Ibid.,pl.LXXXVI,S.417.

Ibid.,pl.LXXXVI,S.220.

Ibid., pi. LXXXVI, S. 23 1 , 232. 259.

Ibid.,pl.LXXXVI,S. 117.

Ibid., pi. LXXXVI. S. 129.

Ibid., pi. LXXXVI, S. 78.

. \^r^.JiUl^>l :^jjj> Ul J

. kj>^^ f^^l ^r^ 2^iU; (^^ J^)

,yi*j lA*. U t ^_;->-f j:>L«^ AJai>- jj:, Ljii »J_^i,:Uw ^L>dl 0-Ljw

t> ^-^J ^UJI^.4-^ LL^ ^i oLJ^yiJ^_^-

ioul^l Aa^'Vl iaJaJl

Ghirshman, R.,op.cit.,pp. 53 - 54.(>)

l^_\J\ h^Sl\ iUaJl J lfs> ^iJ^ ^1 V-UJl J Vi Cr^J

; (-^^l «j^ (fJ-^) V"^ ii__^ ^ 6j-< Jj^ iiJaJl oij» ^y

ULS" ^f J(\) (\. . J5Li) L^_> -UP S_^ l^vf^ -^j

. i^^\J\ iij^\ 'Ai^\ ^ V-l^ «> (^ • -J^)

i^jL^Vlj Olj^V UJ 4jiy VI

I oJLa

. -OuUl AjyVliaJxll^ÛJl ^y ^>^*UijyûAâiJj c("(^

Ibid., pLLXXXIV,S. 251.

IbidMpI.LXXXIV,S.178,161.

Ibid.,pl.LXXXIV,S.17I.

/,7<I '4

U)l \fi\ iiJiJl ^ v-^l a-J>"'j >'J^ 5;^^ • Vj^)

, IJ^ I jiU JJi L^ * mI Ofii^^ c i~-^l OiU^b J-^.

OiS^ J^ J^^ i^l Uf t^^JJl ^iJLi^l c^ iSit idl Jj^>^. (^

J^i^iiJI^

\ 1^1J 4j ^,^^1 oljiSlI if-Lws wJl^j

Jlp^ JOii cSjJwJl A^jUOJl J-i-UJi ^ J iijU>Jl iU^I ^"

Ibid.,pp.57-58. (M

Oik^^ oxa o^ v>>- d\ji\ JU-i ^Tepe Hisar jU^ iJ *i;

*^j^.J c^.jji^^ V-" ^1 j^l JUr iLXJ ^^1 ^Ul ^

^" c^ ^j^l A.jUi>J iU-_^l J^li-j c^liii jiiu SjU^^^ ^Jili'j ciiJUJi ^U. lj\J^ j^ L> « - i ^-^'"^^ OLVWI ,(^)) jL^

ai JU;V! dUi of J.^_j , Ly 015^y I ^ JUJ-yi of Jl ^i

«c>,Ji« LIi'jii)

t>'J V J Jj^i iijUO-i <u.j.L hjy\ ouuji jiw j^.j(

L5> J-*^ Cr^k ^^:-^^ er^i c ^>^l ^>JI v^lji^ JUJ! oo^j

JSL^ ^Vl Jjl ^ ^1 vJly ^y >:u;L5j ,l^._^-

J-^ 0^' Or* ^-Ma^ i3ljJ_^l C^Ja_Pj , ^\j jXl. ^yi^ OljJ_>Jl Sl^.yj t_;lwXJl ._ivai Jl J^lj ^.^JCW. ^ L^iU^

r-jj C-J15 4_^jJl 0!ja_>Jl .Ju Ofii-;^%,j coL.Lp:>

j.^^\ Olj-i>- J_i^f ^ Sij^jJl i

J I UJb• *

;i5^iJ '^ I UiAJ

v"y r^' ^^^J^yj UJ^ (>• ^-^^^ |iJLll ^yaiJiJL) ^M-J L^;>.::i

r^'^VI 1[SJ o ^ X rr X i^j u X n X iv ^ ^>-JLJi ^j_kii

cu-;i5 5jjc^ oi^f ^>j cjJLi^i ._i^ ^^f l^pLji oiiCi

.0I>JI UJ ^y cU 15 ^ IJ f^ dii iS-j c^UkJ! i\jj>\ J ^jj,^i^

o^ Cj^J -w JVl LI^ JloiiJ

J^^oiii ; JjVli!jU>Jia>.^l Ji^^"^lobijJlj_^a.a*JI

j\^ iU^ Jl ^y ^M Y J (f) JjV I jL^ iU.^ Jl ^y o. i ^

Mallowan, M ., op. cit., p. 456.

Schmiat, E.F.. Excavations At Tepe Hissar Damghan , Philadelphia, 1937, PP. 25 - 39.

Ibid., p. 62.

]\S ^Ip JiJu; ^j ; .U| jf ^^ 45:.^ ^15 L^t ^_^. ^JiiJ^

Vi>L'li jprj^l J ^ ^ \ij}

\_^\S ^j'i\ A. jU^I iU^I J^ Jy^\ jiii^^j .'^'(\

. Yj^)

r.l^.n j^WS» »L^'>J ty^^ ^'^-^ ^-^^ ^--^^ '^^^ ^^* ^'^^

^ -.,^1 i^i otii^^.. (t) ^.Vi ;,.L-^i ^^> c/^^

IbW.,Fig.50,P.68.

Ibid., p. 64.

Cr-^^.^ ur^iu^l u^^ l-^ .£«- Y\ ,^U cjri ;i5oL3^

t! ai^^ CJL5 Jl^U^yi Ay^ Ol t dUJlS' i-xljjdl oJLA ^y> ^^j

'^' Jlrj *^'^' JiLio ^ sf^l i^

SV-^ i/jr^' ^j-i Ui^ "i/ 1 \ Xa j;,..Ji::} aJjU^ ^j

^ ^j LijUNi iiJ. jL^ V diSi^ ^Ls ^JUi^l Ji Erich, F. Schmidt

UNI ^L^f

JI^Vlol^dLD 1

ijifi\ J ^î. ^^ c dû^î i_j Ûk;N 1^ ijÂj^ cjis AÛx>.^

^: J *"J

Ibid., pp. (14.67.

Ibid., p. 67.

r* (;;;^>^^^^^ u^ LJl ^\j S^Lp ^j^j

Mallowan, M „ op. cit., p .4.S8,

aj j_j>- ol>j>^ ^jL_«Jl ^_y_U ojj3 Oi ^LwJlj JLr^l oLjj Of

Schmidt, E.F.,op.cit.,p. 67. 0)

i>y::^^\ Jl^Jii t^./Jl ^.^wdl "oU ^_Jli]|^:.Vl J^l o U*:of ^y. J.-UJIcJy:- (Y)

Moscati, S., The World of the Phoenicians, London, 1973, PP. 77. 182- 185.

Woolley,L. Excavations At UR, London. 1963,

"l^-'Mb^-M!-!^. u,L.,

iiWl ^JI

oJuk ij^ji l^l Uj_^" iljVl oJl5 o\j <. (^.^1 ^iVl c3yiJl >^

i.jL.A>Jl ii;^^! J*>U- oLijJl J-La^ r^ji Jj^ Lf^ ^J

J^~li"

y\^{S ,111a oj^ Ij^y. ./^>-V! (JUJI J .iiUl i^L^ J ^ ^y>.Jdl ^^U^Vl =

:Uaa)i ii^l 5jU>JLl ^j^jl; i-ljj :^,Jl- ^>i -^1 -j^^ -W^' ^W-' -^^'^ ^j^

^y t\^VV t Ajj.xjiL.NUojjJiJ^_rji^ U iJL-j.V^tj JjV' uy>^ ^Uil

. YYV- YYo

.T\r.YU ^.V^oA *SyfcU]l .j^^JLaJl^:»V) J^ij^-'^'s?^^'-'^ :ti>»"^f (^)

Schmidt, E,F., op, cit., Fig. 165. P. 3 14. (Y)

Q^u^.£» .£ .e'^ c (^

^ ^jA.A^_ ^ vi^ , i^Vlj J jLjl C^\j>^ Ji^l J^\ Jiij

J^ c.-u.^j cA.>>Jl ol>^L ^UJlj JU_;i oLij ^^jjj

^l|L^Vl jUo^j tv-L^Jl ^_^L-.jJlj i^jLÔJl îjVl ol;,î

^^b ^Lp J^ ^y o_pi olj.l o;i5j . Jo^^j i.3^f_, JJl5tj

• C^ ' XJS^) .'^'.^1 -u^ Jyj ^1^1 ^

dUij ^1 oJLS- j>JI L^ ^ ^1 l_H_;i SiUl dl^-^hj

, ^UJI ^ j^l oL^ ^^ C~..L^j (^Vl -L-U5 iJai^ o_^-J

ij^Vr^' olwU^Vl ^y O jJl Oljil ,^_^^r

jU^Vl ^ ipy^Ljl j>J| oL^ ^.A^ c-lUj. JjVl jL^ V Sj

.<^>^iy_,^Vlo^Li,^l

Ibid., p. 67.

Ibid.,p, 67, figs. S. 50-60.

Ibid.,pp, 16,301.

J JjVl i.jUu>Jl iU^l JÛ A. jUO) UL^L J-^. UjjLôjiij^l ^jiU_^l oJuoUJ^âii^-uiJi^Û ^jLîj

i^Lx.i^ L^'J;i,Vti

-Jj ^o^.Vl ilx^l^ JSi^ i jU^l JljV its (d))

JLS-:^! J^^ O-^*-"J OjJj^ ^J ^jiJ <

*• •

JJJ*»

iJlP- iA jy^ j^ ^ t4 |»

. vi^i ^^.;J

i.^ ;k^i_^ j\ , ija_u vj>u ob w jIjV N* ^

^1 JljVlJl5Li| o^o^-j.'^>(^.Y'J5:^) A^r^^ji <-i:.U^«ji i;j|_p

1((M) JjVljL^ V J .^-IjVl Ob J ,^ .YjS^)

Ibid., H,3446. H. 5196, H. 2046, H, 4243. 0)

lT'J^\J

^I^Vl dUJ^j ci:>Jl c-^l/Vljol:»

M 4j_L^ ji5:^vi .Ju»

, jLw- ^_J ^ hjU>Jii\ ^lj*>U S_,s:_:Jl JLSL^Vl Jjt ^ ((!)) ^jVl

^y l^\^,j <''j -U^y

Ibid., Figs, 32 -33, PL. III.

Ibid., p. 298.

fj-'j^^ij j^j vlj^

cj--^o^ljVl j-i>'j jUiJl iUp ^lJ^.;i^l

^IjVl ^ a.x^l^ J:p oi!^ , (^)f\. oj^:^) ^-Li ^ 1^^ lj,j\

^IjVl^;;^

^jVl i^^'Vl iLVWI ^1 ^J ^\j ^a,VL ip>^l

«^)) v^i Si^^Vi iiAJi Jl((f)) JjVi Ai^'Vi iUJi ^ jii;i^ jL^

Dyson,H.»op.clt.,p.239. (^)

Schmidt, E.F., op. clt, Figs. 34 - 36, PLS. IV - VI.( y

IbW., pp. 42 -46, 299. (f)

^H^^ -

^ j\jH\ oyvjuol «->-)) JjH\ jL^ : 4jJliil i.jH\ 4iJJl JjU5|.Ip jsa^

ai 1^1 ^/i . «(!) JjVl jL^)) JjVl A.^'Vl ;iJ=J' ^ -uU oiL^

V^jl Jy j-UJl ^1 j>JL JljVl obj ^^j c^yU^j \^y3 p\

JSiJUwIj ; oLwjj^ JL>wJi!j jj^j aJ 1j^ JLx-jil *ut^ L-T^

(^ ,-\ J5^) A^Ji^l oL. jJl jDi5

fVr??:£i

Ibid., Figs, 37 - 43, PLs. VII - XIII, PP. 46 - 53. (^)

r^ ^'j' ^J 'V «-^)) ur^j^l J^^"^ ^y ^.Li v^jJi Ul 0^3

o) *jJill (jlyJl ^ j^ OwU^ ^^.....a-P ^^^irv. ai<Jj tLS'jjJl 6jLA?-

J\ (frj \^ j^ J\ ^^'i\ ^j .iyJl i^JiJl J5UJI ^^

J ' u-^ ^rb^V Ja^

^l^^i^jvJlj^lo-f^'^lu^ ^(ij^>^'>=>^

t is^ajjb oLjj >ilx>-Vl flJiA ^_^

iJUJ^il JISLjVf-^^

(Y)• Vj^) oUUlj Jj::^^J Vljc>Jlj

• JjVi J Vy^f^^'£.iL^c»^0'Yj^)

Dyson, H.,op.cit.,p.239.

Schmidt, E.F „ op. cit., pp. 54 - 56, PL. XV

c <u.^ 1>J Cj\ji\ ^ jU^ ifu ^i^'Vl oUJail Jjt J ^J^ -^J

J^U Ajf .i^^jl L^l Nl S>s^ ^ ij>^ Uyt J jl ^ ^15 l^t j»i^jj

JL*Ji J ^UJl ^Ix^wl ^^ iiiJu; Jao7 ^15 (({tfl JjVl jL^)

Olj^l ^jJi^^j ^.y\j 5>_^1 ^U^lj ^Mlj J^^^^h >^^l

^^1 ^^j S>^ ^U^ ^jjj ^ 3jL^ sT^l^ (((» ^jVl J

o^^^ii (((L^)) JjVl jU^) 4JUI ii>-^l ^j c4j5liJl S>^l v-UJ

^iLj j^f ^j .

<^'(\ .vj.^) >ijVij :k:^i^:^1j ^1^1 o^

!,',I r

\\\: 'i

oUaJIj i>.UuJlj J^lj*Jlj ^L6-JI cr-JjJJ ^L^lji*^^^!^^>^JiJ CvJ^^I jU^I bli ^>L^ cJjlJcJl olSOij ^.jl^lj

Ibid., p. 56.

Ibid., pp. 56 -57, 300 -301.

Ibid., pi. XVI.

Ibid., pi. XVI, H. 4176.

1- v^ . !'

V^l ' '-V '

«S;!2E^Zzm ,>*'!;';L^*l ^.f

V * h;

M •f <

•1 A\»*'

V 4»4

,<f M J.r*

Kv .,^v:» /?-!

.-'i ' '1 ."Mp,1

;r-S"-V' ' •:-.i'

-"v."'--.'.: .•\.:-\

,. ... .....It 'w :\

^/%''-ai

-V.^t4jI t Ji

*U i \ »

>»:- h

i r Y^

.Jj^\jL^UJi^\^\c.\ji'i\^i^jA^.(\,Aj^)

(t)J o J

jj*-^ Vi Ljlj5>Jlj Lj-uJI ji^LJl pUaP j^ OLvJ'bll ^c^j

JJUj sJvvii ^jVl jL«>- SjUiuv OLvJ} ^li Jiii Aj^,~juJ Ul c>*J

Ibid., PLS. XVII, XVIII A.

Ibid., pp. 57-59,301.

Ibld.,p.59,PL,XVniB.

• Jj^l^ V" j-^7^ioij^Vi2.iUJ^yiA.(^,i^ j^^

. JjVi jL* V J Mi-Jl olj.su j-iUJ ^^iu.(^ ^ . js^ji)

DU'y u^JL ^

J-*UJ u-=^^^ U5 r^\jj\ ^Liu-l ^_JU^ ^_;i ;j

(\)(^^^ jsLi)jU.i ji^-L^i^^_^!

'^.'.^'

^ (.05x11 dUi ^[^j , j/Ji^ ^ijji ^,uj| ^t^i^^ ^_^.i^

jbl <Uf-

IbM., p.54,PL.XIV,B.(^)

jj> jUUJi ^ Jba>JI 3l>Jl ^Uy o>Jl jU^I Jli^ oU)l jL^ "Va^-y

'"'Jj^^l AijUÎ aJl>._^1 J!)Uo^ î LîUJ ^_^

Jl cr-^.»l>" ^'^> J-'f oL .U:^'^! Jl <" jJt^Ul ^^ ^.j

^iU^I jUiJl SjU^ oj>: .1^ jU5^l ^1^ ^ dUij JUAJl

Ibid., p. 302. 0)

:dUiJ>;i(Y)

Wulsin, F.R,, "Excavations at Tureng Tepe, Near Asterabad", In Bulletin American Institute

For Perslmi Art And Archaeology, II, 1 Bis, Supplement, 1932,. Arme, T. J. ''The Swedish

Archaeological Expedition to Iran" In Acta Archaeologica, VI, 1935.

Schmidt, E.F., OP. Cit, PP. 302 - 303. (V)

^ -.-«'.*

(ll^jiJ • t/^-J

rj^ (iJJI olyA t^iJ liiJi i]:>Lo

^> 'r*!)Ui]|

^ ^UJi Ujj:. L4J ^^1 ji >JuJ U jJl |.'>U Jlp jUaJj *y lift jLs

iUUJ I b"U_^ j U i^_^ J^ JUJ i^l_P

1 jl>LJ I vi^Ul . jl^_l^_Jl:

^-^Ij cr^ c^l L^::^ 'JJ-^. ,^-»J jy^lj 0_^_^>Slj Jj~iL5aij

I dUUJij3j^ is-Ajj UL^i jvjb:iL>j| ^1 J_^^l ^ ;

^'^1 v-U ^j . U^l >LJ| OK^ ^L^ JiP

1^ L^jJ:;>o i^l J_^_^| ji,Lo J| U^| ji,UJ| jL5L. jj^l

Ghirshinan. K., Iran, t-roiii the Earliest times to the Islamic comiiicst. London. 1978. PP. / \\

^yi jl e^yj—il ^ U.,,-?.jy i«^y 4jaS'Vl A.J53I J* J^ixJL ^^^*u

JL*::^! jU jlj L.'y j_^l JI^U dUij (NIM) Y[))l>yyJ\ U^. (((»%,i- ^%s-)) ^Ul i^^'yi j^ i^yj-Jl (i—^'l JLi:J;l

rt-^-w-AJ 1 I w-wi Oj^y^'V*^

i^jLill ^j-msJI L-Ij nAi^\ (j^jlfl ^^^ jui: Uj J ^1 (( juJL>-)} ^«« t4

'^j>-)) J {(j^)i ^jaJI iJlS^l iOflj i, ({\j>'\ijjt,)) rt-J^Vl "^j^ S^tuJ

(f(j^j-^l)} rt—j^u-^Lp rt^vi'L oj--w^ OUjJl Lfllj (( j Lu^j jj>-]) ftJ^I j-*>j

^^U :»% ^^^,;^j>- 4. cJy> 01 ^'^\ \1aIj^^ kl>^j ((jl^l})j ((OUJ ))

j-^ ^^^ l^j^ ^J^ JUJ:, ^\ ^^fl ^^ ^y^^ o^ iILa cJLS" U5

Lo^ ^'*((A*)U)) j^^i c,^- sljjxJl J [iy^%\)) US ^:>jj ^j , U^^^»" ' ' -. -r .. M ^ ^.. I . _ " -L.^,! vjij^,(j^j^)) Jl ((UU-j^)) ^1 C-sJ^ ((L^j^)) 0)ij

Jj^'' (*^J^' L^'-P^L^^ •i«U]l SjJÎ oJlA j^J At>Lp aLÛÎ twO^J

/ 1" "

J^:^^ ^iiauJl oOA^^^^ ^J jc-^J^ ^-^^J ^5i^' 2?^" .t

.S :1 :ljy^ . W : \: JjVi ^L-Vl A^t < YY :A' :a:!j^l>w :>;f .Uuf

Poebel, A. "The Name of Elam in Sumerian, Akkadian,and Hebrew", In A. J. S. L.,'vol.

'^8(1931- I932),P. 20ff.

(.V cJ^i(j. . J rr^o- Yrv«

)^_^l ^jS^\ oyr^ ^-^ij

o^ Uli ^ ^.^ C^ C5»

<LJJUil ol* Sj_«Jl <_^L- v:uJU;l*vIj v-*'^ L_p> iS"! 4^L. U lT

^ oIa ^U^N/I ^U JJi J J^%^\ ^y^Z-^Jii^LwJ **i^ I _ cLLJ 05

J) A^j (w--,*2;vJl IJIa ojjU::^

<a^^^iJlj((«^>^LJ;yj|. jjj^j, ij ^jj^Vl JJUJ4>

^^1 ^?V'> I J^ti jl5j < J.a^ ^ ^t>U; ^_^ i^y J^

C^ VVJI Ji U ^Ixsai Ji^ i^s:. j;_^ i^>LJ

UvvU d^^ 1

^J>- 1 U J Lpj-s^J i L^ S^j^

UJ I J 0.0^.

o^ <r Jl

Hin/, W.,- Persia C. 2'^()()- 1800 B.C. "In C. A. H.,:vol. I part II, PP. 647- M9.

Bnrton, G. A.,The Koyal Inscriptions ol'sumer and Akkad, New Haven,] 929, I^ 1 56 If

. *.N_^lj apUoSI ^jy aJ ^;^,jjL>.JI ^Ls:>JI ^Sij t jLJij JjUcJI ^

J>^ij (( Jljl)) J^ ISO. <u^ ^>i^ I 4;i_^ ^j ; J.U ^ J Miu- L Jii::^

diJi ^y -L>uf Jl U.JJ Lojjf 6_;;j>.j j:^ (W^i -^' -^^J"Zagro Elamite"

j^ , JJ.\ oL> ^[ ^j^ ^\j diji ^j .N> J^tJl oK- i^,;^

^i sjjxi i;^ vrjx. ^Ul ^S^\ ^LS ;U/i J^j Ui 'r*^ J^^ hy^^

.blY-on\ ^ . ^'^ll .Sy^Li]! .Jl^i J^l i-bljO^^i ^ C^)

. ojUJij i,jUJi jii_^i as; idUJJ4 tv

1^ fl JUi

'J J- o c>'-^

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*^' J^.J

, (( j L>- ^^^ \)) ^ k Jjb^

u-^ ^y.j

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^__^i^ (Jj->- jl (^l-^-*^

L^^ d\j>i J ^\ lift ^ ^Lp js^jiu u^i jU^i SjAi! i>;j

'j;^. ^Ul ^_/VI oii I jl^„i ^ .;>J| lift J J.ji: il i_^j ^j^^

Uby.j U>^| SjU>Jl ^'_,i^ ^ oUjLwJL UilJ^I J ^jS \^\ li

Ghirshman, R., op. cit., pp. 54-55, fig. 22.

>^ Jl *ur^ J^ (1-^J

^_^roJL^ u_;i; e^Vt ^j-iJi *Iacr' cr^--^ ^*" "^^-^ ^

^i:nV^r

j^i (t-f^ljU^ cJ^ U jU^R^'^J

.0^1 >j^f> Ji^

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jLi V-.AJ

L^J x^_^_ '^ oLJ ._i^^j. ^jl^\j ^IjjJl L*^Uil ^ J_.Li

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I* JIAi.>ll ^^ ArOO& -

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c iJ-^-^t i^^^l olj^L ULJ.J j^ L^ju^liJ |_^ dUij , ^_^

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o y.N :-i4Jl J v-LJl JI^Vl 0^ oUji-^l bjd y^- ^/j

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u^j ^-^^y J^ CH^^^^^j ' ^J^l v=^l f^^,^^ O^LI JUJI

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Ij^V*«

Ghirshman. R., op. cit., pp. .SK, 60.(^)

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J J i io^pJl jt^'yj (V^V dJ-Lj J-^ dUi ^ O^^^-^^i^^JJ 4 ^jJl

SjUÎ jâ; ^1 j^-^l ^_î oL^lsai ^^;^l L^ o^j_^-*Jlj (("ilUi,, s^_^Û ;]LaJl ^ JllJi-^Vl lift ^^^j .LUJ\

U;UI ^Vi^ V^^llJli-BiJL^ -»

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^jxJJ la>. ^j ^Ij,^)) (.Li ^j J^Lj .L5j_^l Jj. IjJ^j

U jU^ ^j . j;Ul j^l J!>U vUl ;iUiJl s>^ Jl ^^ U- AiOi-VL

^ ((U^,l j^U), .L^ JJlji ^i ^^- ^1 ^_^| j,^.

dUi^j .^1501^/^1 oU^^u^^LUl laA(.Li (,^lj_^„

^ l^Uiu-lj. ^3^1^ J ju^ |_^_u^ J-f^l Ji lA* oi-^l -'^>

Hinz, w., op. cit., pp. 665-667.:>l(^)

C. ti u V ^ |»u ^ 'yi <o jj i^ ovn

l-Vl ^^^Vl ^i ^_^j ^\ 0L5:_J| ^_^,^ c^^^j^l

. U.l^jl ^^ Usf 1^^ c>.^l o^JJjl- J-^l u^i^LfJU Asianic

J ^1 ^ U5L>J| LUJI jf J_<^.j .^\S^\ ^'J ^oj^l

^^^ ^jjO;^^ ^i]| __^Vl jjij ; ^_^LiJl ^\ J^ Ji a;i V dl-Ji '^ U^_

.^'>Vi ioVVi jiUli

.LiJj ..^UJI J-i cJUJl ^Vl J^U (.L* jjo. |_^y. jJ ^

. ((^>:--LSai i% ^ ,^^ ^^iJi J.UJI,)^ jJi ((^jj^L^,)iJU JLL_aU^|j c Akessaia

(( L^I „ ^>^.a^| ,^^^^ J_J j|j_^ ^

; ![r I

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p;i -J

'-r'^^ <y '-^'

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LSaiJ^l::^^

l>Jl I* ^"*4

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J-j'l^_^! ^y L^ Jj_.,d>Jl UxSC^j^ U>jI*J! Ua ^jj .^l^i

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viUuJr. t>JU UJ ti 4

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^' L^-^->V- \ tJiJ o^Lil JJ

c^lc^dJliJl

ioj-iiSl jaJl j^j , sjuji>- L;_u^ 4 L^1

^i A^j^\ ju^Vl cO^j ^ 0^1 ju^ jj _Kj

>-*J vL^ JJI JLUJI -^ L^ i:^«-S:^ IM cLU jLi-Vl .-^ iJU

cs* Ji^ oijvvij. ((j^

<5Ul ,(0bJ^i^U ^^'^l ^Ji; ur^^>=ll ^V 1^ J J; * o>^ ^_^^ Lva^ Jbu" jO* i v^li^l S>_J

J -^fj^

•^^ J-'r Jjfc^uGhirshman, R..op.cit..p. 65.

U_dJ »

• ur^^l Ji^ ^j^ ^jv ^^

^JJI jly.l v^> J^ SjjjJl fli* cl^j

V^Ul ijJ.^1 ^j^

Xi> iw'irt«:^ vtM* Jr* ^)' ^^^ ^^^' ''^y- ^j^^ cy

L^ ;Ui.j L^l ((dlUJiyjf)) ^^ *UJ..>- V Ui!

U^^^JiP^ jJl SjU^ljOjXiil^^i^Jj . -_^v J^ ^> >J ^^^

l^j^ ijvL« i-A^I oi> jLftj:; j]\ dJ^\p\c^j ;i^lcliL"

^_^ Olj c jW.-L^I (tJL*il -r^^ ^.>" J '^^ ^^ ^-^ O^JM

%s^ |JlP c-LvJ.aM ^y U,^ oJlP Jj(j ((JjVI waJ '^jr'" ^-3 U^J^

i_iyi i ((iij:iy»)) i_^ouiJl JlJuJ (5j:>-f oy> :iUfj t ^>-- 1,5^* ttjLi-.

'^.JLJ r-r^ i>*•)U ^_yi:>«j'j . J;U ^ 6J-jc» Jl j^

^-OjJbJl (>::51«Î cJJ^Jîj . Jjy ii%' SJlJ S^l Âa UiUobI ^^:u-

^i'' ''''^

''V'^''^^^ v;; 'V ^i&^^ii^l:t .i'jHzaty/r'L

IsW/J-

j_i dJliJl ^Vl J'>^ ^U. J C^J-PTJ ^^ «^'

-U;Oj^

c^JLili ^V^»

JU^( ^j L^jj oi J^j .J^\ -i^Vi sU^ ^ v^-«Ji

Jlill ^Vl ^>« Jlill ^-'S-^l J^ ^-1 efi 1 J^\f

.1S^U iAvajj l^ ioJU..Jw. Oj^^^lj i_r"Jj^U t/ 'V^ "'/^

J5Li) ^^^JIjVl .^J^cf^^

, Silliil iiJall ^(.Oir^-^

i Ulj^l ia^: a;-.;^" Jl «^^ ^^J

^jl^l iJU^-^lj ;l-ba;r ljl> ^Jl oi* I Jiii t dUi1^-

Ibid, PP. 67.

Ibid, PF- 67-68.

' J^M utJT^^i jy^j <'j^^ t^j—^1 J j^ ^

!.f.1,1 ^j . l^^jk^j U^^ ol^'L- ^1 :>%J\ Ji J\ii\ ^V!

^ Jl^VI jj^ U^^l oJu jUj^ O^'l j}\ C^\jJc}\ JS ^j,a^

^j-^\ ^ o^3fr\:) SjjUJi oLpU^I ^ v-WJi Jij^Vi jUi^^yi

'^J^-J^^3 J^lj jL^I 1^ -^y > %.> -i::^'^! J- -^J

:>( j-Ljj .U^.^ ^ JjjJp ^1^^ e5* J^'j J;^ vj^-^^j .-^1 IIa-Up

J o^ c^ . ^>JI ^UJlj ^j^lj ^ JUx;^!^ ^^1^1 I JL*

^U- J^^-^^l oL.*>lP Jji ^-j .ii_^| ol^^lJl oijJl IJiA

j\ur .^t^i^.

Lo-j_j_i

. .Ki JiP cLUi^j >^l UjU^ Jip cuifj iiiU

jlC- j^ L-L^ljlx-^JJ ^ ((^!>^l J-^>JI)) Jj^JiSj cjL^j^^'

J>^ JuJ;r jUJ^ Sj^ S/i; d^i^ "OU J*iiLj j . iikljl olfc ^y

0^.^ Jl^ jl> ^ ^>ll Jl ^^- jJl (Khurvin) ^jy^ i,J J

;p_^:uajl JljVl ^^A^op UJ diJij) j5iL«_;( o^Vl jUOll J^j-^>^

iu- ^^1 ^ JjVi ^Vi 5.U J

Jla /.iJLii::^-^! ljJo:-if Jio-bJl j-^i ^^3* jL ^jXi; LU>o L_^ (5

^1 .^^

. jJtiuJI

J.U ^Ij^ Ju^ . jj-Mb OUUI ^ ^„> Iji-^l^ L3>!i o-^ J^.^1 iJ!^l,) JJUJI ((Oji^Vl .l3 U'«

I1 ^^.'i^v^-" ((j.j>tJl »^Jj-.»ui)) [1-v*jU LauS_^ j_^I ^j^^l

;^^^,*a_* :>jJ>. J>"

::jUJ1 t (^^^i^l L^Tj L jj^ Jl L^lj^t OiUi .j^X^\ ^A^^

d-*-^ Lo5 V. j^L^*!!!! oLSL^U lj->t^jjj J i-?rj^l oJi-A ^ f*-4^l^"^^

\jj..^,:l^\ ^^^aJl j^^^:> -UJ . ^li^lj 0:::oluJlj .o^^-Ji^ V^^

L>Jl >^ L^F J "^.jjjh j-^l o^' »jW* »-^ '^^jh

Ghirshman, R., op. cit., pp. 73 - .74. 0)

^^r.^^^-^^H ,

|->l>l

.ilL-^^'yi Jlp oU^j^^Jij .ÛJI *L^Vl^y î>j Jlj'î

^l_yij ^bJjlj ^j^\j ^1^1 cr^ ^L^Vl

-UlyVlj 3>Jij jjL-Vl > JUI ^ 1^ Uul a;rj U5 . J^l ,^1

^^ Jh'^h J>^h *>-Ji-'^i -^^"^ ojb^iui coUi

^1 ^_^1 [(jjjSjjl)) LSCUvd oli s•• t

• ^jy ^

• *• *•

djl>^ ^J^-^.J < *c*!'^l rt-*JijLip ,jA)*JJ Jj V^'j V"W~^' rt-AybUa>i ijrf

I •• J

L^o^^l 1.^jVI^«aJjJI L-LJId^S-^ JiJlAiiiULJ^yi^.jL-

1 BiAV

•^^ jJlj ^ oi:^-'^! J-^^' ^1^ ^.^'l ^^' ^^^'^^ J^^^'^^^ "^^^^V4

j^_^L« oUJalj j^liJplj j»jkjLJ ^,-4x>.j Jj^U^I oL->!l aU-j

^_Ji]l ^^1 JUrj ^j j>i>-Jl ^ly'^l i*J^ ^5» oU'y^^l cIa jji^

t_^l^ ^„JJ1 .\yi\ ^\}l ^ -^^jJ\ iy>Jl SiSSj [^\jj ^ Oy^^^.

oLNjJl oJla cJixJl «JjiaJl oi^j . *4lli^ 4--L'_^l ^y Ijis-j ^_^JJ»^

L>xj jX j^-Jl»mJ! il)LSLJl *i-jij . iialic^j^ «jj-^ vH'' AAiab. ^Jtk-^

.d'^\j^ l^yj^ Lfci o/i jdl iMJij oJuJlj cl^Vl ^U^l <^Ua^j

J5L^) .^l^t^>;^ jy- L^^^ij , jxJI lift^ J^UJj^(^) {\\i

Ibid, Hg, 28, P. 77.(^)

vUUL-J^\ ^1,0^ JiJi:^^ ^j(\\i JiLi)

j^j^j»^ 4^^U jJdl IIa_;;:j4

UJl i^«.>^»U^-j^,

^"^UJI a^- Ji .^_a^ ,_^ ;q^,^ ^,^

^ j^Sj\ Ojij_>o «_v<ijj 4

^>« oU. sj^ ^^LiJV!

>û^ ^J '>JÎ îS-j i^l Û î^j ^1 olj.l ^0,ÛJUJ

jJl »iA 0_^A^.i^, .LJij Ji^^i jL^_j ^.|^ ij

^i^JbO^Cr- L^ ^^J^j^jj^ Cj-

jFtL^l ^y ilxil

U^ i_^I

. jLvO^sJl jJ-^J

^L^ -^ jM diL- oU^ Lj^ J\/i\ JL^I ^! Cj^j

jj^^y. J dUJ^j Ujjl Sjr-^ ^j>-j rlj^ Cr' ^^^ J *'^l^

Jl-as 'U."

j5Li) ju>ji j^_^i dUJ5j '^j\ oAa ^ 13 jb uis:. ^,,^^1 ^} ^\

fj iojjjl jJt-^Jl ^_^^^-^l J^ i-^l^ ^-^ OUa>Jlj ,_r^i«

Ghirshman, R., Perse, Proto - Iraniens, Medes, Achenieiiides, 1 963. P. 29 1,Mg. o-iy. ( \ )

Ibid., p. 15, Fig. 13.

Ibid., P. 29!, Fig. 350.(n

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jLa^l l^ jj^ jS\ JljVi i:i|^g^^ f \ \ \JS^)

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jl-ju L*J OjJjUl rt^j ((UUjU)) J jii^l ^iJ . ji-o r>UJlr*

.(^'jL.I>J ^ji?Jl Ui^LUl

"^.i* ^i "cr-'L^I ^*^* ur--^« ciJJ-^'^' ^^^ U ^ ••

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J^ . • . - Y * I

if.^^ ^.jy^^^^.JI

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Jij^fji .U5U Jlj;'ycuiL5-j^"^;>^Jl J^^idr*^.

V «U)A>-»4

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^Jl Mannai^U U iiCU^ VJJ^ ^jr*^ '-r',^^ ^ J>-I-Ul ^ -^j^ ^ ;15J

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i>ri-^:1 ^y ^U.)^ V^' ^^1 ^.^ ^^J ' U^V^

/^^,^^l JJ^liSl J>Ji J^^lji^l-^^i^j -ii^' J^V

Ohirslimiui. R- Irim, P. 90. (^)

•>\s

^ • Jl ioJuJ

ylyj * If

cs* 'SlJJ-^ H\ 4.j>i^Vi sy oU c^tMl J^ o-^i

dJUl X4P J!>U ^, jj--iV!j j^-jtjj^ ur^^^ <>rf C^l j^JUw1

' ' • '^Vl >±UuJl j^\ju o\S ^JUi ArgistisciJ^ 1 Lyj'jJ VI

>LJI ^ ^ y> o-^^-^^ ^^^' a^"j (r• ^ ^^'^ - ^^^) C-'^

j»JijCQ ,_jjp AJ LLL-P

u^j^J 'h^ I ^ t Vjjl «jr^ J AxS 1^1

4_nj L- cîr îj ;5>-î u-i (3^ J Si^jJi obV'jjjijjl iSXw« Ûf ^JaÎ lift ^ Ijlii ^>ijj-iVl of j^j tjt^jj^^

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^jJl jJjIjjf dJJu ^>jj Ofj ;Ja^j;uJl ^Ij ol>Jl ^, ^l_^i pi*;

^ji^ ^1 a5^I oI-L. J^ ^I JiSarduris

(,J liJ I ^jjijL

^^ Jp _ a;U_^ j;J^- 1^ - ill:-* ^Ij t^r'jjrlj

:>U^^L-^'

JJi-J1

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^u ^ ,:>jjj\^ J \ O^ jLi.1 ^J>f^'

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J lo^ *^jrr^ ^Lill j^% l1j*>UJ ^:)j L^J^ ojUai)!

a^>LL-.l ^jyiVl vlLUl U*t

«t t*

L^l jU^ jdl Shika (Ki)(^) LSL^ j1 Shirkari ^ jLS"^ ^1 ^U- [^Jj>

>*' t"

w Nisaear

Uji:; L^ ^j^\ ^1 JJ.LJI4T

i C:>JJ- iVl utlijl aUP* \

jLS^iii /^Mi>^ ^jjji^ LLi Jlp Lfei J^ i*i (_yj ^ Ju^ . jLr

cy Ul ^I^L ((. . J V*V- VYY) JUJI J^^A^>:oj

fj^ .^;jj_J.Vl 4.j>l^Vl Ji Jjl^ (1-^ <>-:^j .cr^Jr^'J

<a53 n /»%p x^

Ibid., pp. 93-94. (^)

Cr"^ y'J K^Liii)) Jj>-^ ^j'jJ* ^-^ ^J^ {* . J V\o (*Lp ^yj1^

Uv j-u \yS^ ^>*.U(,-«^

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. (^.Xj I flJj-J J:ji>J jAj

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L^ , ^_^ ^^^^j ^_^l ^„ of ^ ^^. u^ ^J -^h^

. '''j^b j^jhj^ c^, t}^\ Jii J U^- ^fj sa^

: Cimmerians and Scythians (l)^JL^*illj 0^j^>-j^l- Y

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1-,^ jl^.j^ 01^.0^ J»Vl ^ 3^ Jij o=i'^-JiJ (>ejljjVlj o^-jj-i"^!

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c^ ^1 ^'L^l^.

j^\j ilL^ ^j ^jUJl oUoojil j^l

((_)^U)) o> ^ i;y^ ^;^_Jl5L-,V1 iijUl J^V ^'1 >. iUi

lhid,.l'.9(S. (^)

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^_I^^II jj ^ ,50

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:Medians (1)

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^"jjly _ Lo^'Ui^)) ba^ dli^^ -^^ ' ^.-^ "°y JJ^" '^J^^'^

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jy- J^ .dUi^îyÛJ j_^.^l ^ î^j

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*• . '^;l i

ilpl J ili^-y j^-b" J ^b J Oli

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> (tJ "^l VJJ' »,__^j>.j Jj^ i«il_^l j^li'"i/l j^J^ ^. ^,j^, ^1 ji 5^1 J\ ^^ Cwi^ ijU^i a^.:^^

^ 4_Li^- ^ K^jL^U)) ^j^ s^\ jL^^I 1^ ol5j

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JjL; diL. «-o -wJU-; -Uj j^I Jj^ "^tA^ ^Ui ^

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Chirshman, R.,op.cit..p. liy. a)

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Gray, G, B. ,"The foundation and Extension of the persian Empire'Mn. C, A. H., vol., IV, (^)

The Persian Empire and the West, Cambridge, iy64,pp.7-8.

ibid., pp. y- 10.

JiP c%l.N/l j'i5-Ulj ,,^l J^ ^.ISl dliJjh) ^^b ^> :>^Vl ^1

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Gray,G. B..op.cit. PP, 10- 15. 0).Q^r :-\ :lj>^ (T)

. ^ : to wlo . TA :li :<^Li^l (r)

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Gray. G. B..op.cit.,pp. IS)- 20. (Y)

1^ oi^jOl^X^ o^M; ^[c^j^l ^^ I oaJJ JjLil b CUJ^L^I JILyi

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r * V ^^ w ^^4J:J !^ I )i ;^ ! .

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fj^J .^^MljjVl ^ <da^ 1^ III ja; ^. ^JL!i ^jUdi j.>li

; ^_;-ill Sj-k^ ^Ijiu^Nl Jl J-^"bjf cJlS^j t jUjJl :,!>l. JlP oiy:

:>Uj>-|^ \j:Si^ jSj ^j^y l:i[jc^^ iJjUJi ^jujlJ! ^y^ ^[^Jil

Sa lJl^ of Nl ; a;:oLu *l • • ^;^ <!_^ iU>- ^^1 J^J^ m-^' t>i^^j2^l

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J oJi\ji UU ^yJl Ci^lj JJ j;^. 015-j l,i.U^^!^Nl^i

lJ>J1 i^L^f j^ jji^ Ui^l ^y J-*^cU«( JLiJj . Laj^j^^ of

Ghirshman. R.,op.cit.,pp. H2- 155.

J bJl ^ UiUJ AiP ^'JUI «il^ J^l oiU u:^" AJiy dJb' L^ \Sj\3 oU_jJl

L>'-I i<4jA Jl^l ^y l>^"j VjiVl ola^l—Jl ,_/iju j^l

i_^l ^L^-yij v-jUJi .uw^i^ J ji^-ax^-'^u ^ J. jd>;yi

: Artaxerxesl(* .3i'<i'-i^i) '^'^JjVl ^^^^^j^^jl

c c ft

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jOi oUji is_^"y. ^j^ o^Lu 015 (5 JJI ^_^j jj5 a_^f J;i of <c>^

xSVl Jip Ij^ ^:^% J[ Ij^U of IjiJ L, ^^Ulj ^^j:^ o^/I

\^^^^Ji jUjJl ^% ^ Ulj . ^^Îj ôî-Jlj iÛlj o^.y^lj

Ghirshman, R.,op.cit.,pp. 194- 196

Ibid., pp. 196-197.

aJjs^-IjiJI cjU^^ia^!>U 1^ jS^j (, olyJl ,j>- Sjj^^I (J^j:^! cJU'jj

, ^ ^ A ^Ip ^__;.^j^^"jl Jxai w JljjJl^ Ixj^ jO^ci. Ajj^l^Vl

<Jj^\ ilj_slj 4_j4>-| iiLoJ (JJ_i.«u oJ-iP iJb

JL^l xi? i oL^ljJl oL>J Uajf 4i^Lv- oJL* cJl^j i U>-ljJl ol^>Jl

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4J jfr^Jl |_^i 4>x^ A . (i VTA /*Lf^|_s9oU Jij 4 JjLjwJI t-^j jlj-v-Vl (»-4i

aLp (^jLil oj ji^ iJj (^JJI ^Vl j-U5^^'l (»Uf Mjji? (j^^l -U-^^ Ji

dill J wL^ L^>^ j:^ »l_^l AJ^CLÛÎ ^Îj 4 5» .li^^^

ib-y o^j>u

r^ { I) IhitL.pp. 197- 201.

iflM^'

Ob ;.Vi&

— Acta. Arch

A.J. A.

Acta Archaeolo^ica.

American Journal of Archaeolo.£>v.

A. J. S. L, - American Journal of Semitic Languages and

Literatures.

A. N. E. T.

Testament.

Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old

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A. S. A. E. = Annales du Service des Antiquites de L' Egypte.

C. A. H. = Cambridge Ancient History.

Iranica Antiqva ^ Iranica Antiqva Sous La Direction De R,

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J, E. A. = Journal of Egyptian Archaeology.

J.N.E. S. Journal of Near Eastern Studies

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R. A. - Revue D' Assyriologie et D' Archeologie Orientale

.' -Lli

.l_u1'

. ^ ^vv . i jxsL-)[i . (^.i^u iJUj) v'jjij jjVi ^^Vi

.viJi -u

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. \^AA toj^ o!>UJl JJ cJLiil UJVl Ja-.ijl J^Jj-A»«Jl {»Jiif

"; •; I ayfcUii !.j.A^ ^ sLij^tZj c-ijijj*A:(_5jJb Juo-f _

. HflA . Sy»UJl i ^^j^\ J:H\ J^l ^.jU ^ oL-Iji : ^'>j ju^f _

t i^jJwJ^L^Nl 4 t-La aJL^j) v. JJ>" : ^Ji^ L t.

n. ^^A

4 ^jjjiC-^/l t jUJj j-,d^ j^^ ^jLva>- cJ%A (»Jil : (_^jj-^UJl JL- xJ^j _

^'jU^I ^.jlxU jLUl ^_^^l JO^dl ^ J>.j^l : ^oj^bJl juij .

(,Oj^ c Jj^! i_jL:5C]| tLijj_s| JLoJij L-^f44

^ c/er-'LJIJ

. ^^VV

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^ 44**

•f\^n

5f ^ ti

^^,\^ , ^w.juJI jiVl tiyJl fnP J ^^h^ <Jlj^ c/J^ '*-*^ -

b50i c Y ^ c (H-^1 Ji^l ciyJl ^.>" ^y ^^b^ : ^^J^ ^J^. -^^^ -

dJLiil ^Vl V^ J^ ^^.^1 3A 5l>" : Js. JU^ OJaJJl JLP JU>^ _

Lw.1 Ja_*-j ^ i;j_^Vl ^ijL^xJl jSlj-Jl :^ JU.>^ ciJaUl Jup JU>^ _

•r^^10

^'rj ciA^l c/^v^ 0--^ ^^"' ^.jijJjo-i}ii ^y^j^j^. -

wL^i I

Ji^"'>; ^1 (--^1 -^ jj^^-Ji ^1^ ^o^Ji JU^^ .u=^j

^ \ ^ •; V i Sy^UJl c jljjb .u>i^ i*^^-

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