الفكر العسكرى الرومانى بين الدفاع والهجوم و التوسع.pdf

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  • Florus, Epitome Bellorum Omnium Annorum DCC. I,1, 4,13,,18,20&21 The so called: LIBER DE VIRIS ILLUSTRIBVS URBIS ROMAE(Electronic Source), 30-31&34 Livius, ab urbe condita

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    Appian, Roman History III, frag., 10.

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    Cicero, De Republica II, 52

    III 23, 35 Duties I, 9.35. De Legibus II,9,22. Ad Varro,III.12-14 Dio Cassius, VIII,21-22 X. 41

    XI. 43 Diodorus Siculus; Koinai Historiai,

    XIV,16,43,102 XIX,10 Dionysius Halicarnassius, Antiquitates Romanae VC,6.1-3 XX,14.1-2 II,LXXII,4 II,LXXII,5 Ennius, Ed.Vah.223 Fragmenta IX, 307 Eutropius, Breviarium ab urbe Condita I, 1-20; II, 15; III,10

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    Boak &Sinnigen 1965

    Boak(Arthur E.R.) &Sinnigen(William G.) A History of Rome to A.D.565,5th ed., New Yrok &London1965.

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    Frank 1929 Tenney Frank, Roman Imperialism, New York; 1929.

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