آشنایی با انواع شناورها

اولين دوره مسابقات ملی شناورهای بدون سرنشين

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بسمه تعالیبسمه تعالی

آشنايي با انواع شناورهاآشنايي با انواع شناورها8686آذر ماه آذر ماه

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فهرست

تعاريف اوليه و ابعاد اصليتقسيم بندي انواع شناورهاآشنايي با شناورهاي تندرومفاهيم شناوريجمع بندي

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DWLSheer

تعاريف اوليه و ابعاد اصلي

BeamCamber

DepthDraft

FreeboardWL

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ShipShip Lines:Lines: - Body plan (front View) - Shear plan (side view) - Half breadth plan (top view)

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Rigid Body Motion of a Ship

• Translational motion : surge, sway, heave• Rotational motion : roll, pitch, yaw

surge roll

pitch heave

swayyaw

6 degrees of freedom

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تقسيم بندي از لحاظ كاربرد

غيرنظامي

نظامي

تقسيم بندي از لحاظ سرعت

( جابجاييDisplacement)

( -Semiنيمه جابجايي

Displacement)

( پروازيPlaning)

تقسيم بندي انواع شناورها

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انواع شناورهاي غير نظامي

Bulk carrier Container carrier

Gas tanker General Cargo

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Harbor Tug Passenger ship

RO-RO Tanker

انواع شناورهاي غير نظامي

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انواع شناورهاي نظامي

Aircraft Carrier Battleship

CorvetteCruiserFast Attack Craft

Frigate

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Classification of Ship by Support Type

Hydrostatic Support- Conventional Ship

Hydrodynamic Support- Planning Hull

- Hydrofoil

- SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull)

- HYSWAS (HYdrofoil Small Waterplane Area Ship)

Aerostatic Support - Hydroplane

- ACV (Air Cushion Vehicles)

- SES (Surface Effect Ship)

Submarine- Submarine

- AUV/ROV

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FB : Resultant Buoyancy force due to the distributedhydrostatics pressure

Δ : Resultant weight force due to the distributed weight

F 0 BΔ = F

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آشنايي با انواع شناورها

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انواع فرم بدنه شناورهاي مدرن

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آشنايي با انواع شناورهاي تندرو

High Speed Semi-displacement Round Bilge Hull Form

High Speed Hard Chine Form

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آشنايي با شناورهاي تندرو

HydrostaticHydrostatic AerostaticAerostatic

HydrodynamicHydrodynamic

Displacement volume below the water surface:

Displacement volume above the water surface:

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FB : Resultant Buoyancy force due to the distributedhydrostatic pressure

FP : Resultant Planing force due to the distributedhydrodynamic pressure

Δ : Resultant weight force due to the distributed weight

F 0 B PΔ = F F

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• Planning HullPlanning Hull - supported by the hydrodynamic pressure developed - supported by the hydrodynamic pressure developed under the hull at high speedunder the hull at high speed - V or flat type shape- V or flat type shape - commonly used in pleasure boat, patrol boat,- commonly used in pleasure boat, patrol boat, missile boat, racing boat missile boat, racing boat

Hydrodynamic Support

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High speed monohull

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High speed monohull

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Catamaran

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Catamaran

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Trimaran

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Trimaran combat concept vessel

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Pentamaran

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Wave-piercing Catamaran

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• Hydrofoil ShipHydrofoil Ship - - Supported by a hydrofoil, like wing on an aircraftSupported by a hydrofoil, like wing on an aircraft - Fully submerged hydrofoil ship- Fully submerged hydrofoil ship - Surface piercing hydrofoil ship- Surface piercing hydrofoil ship

Hydrodynamic Support

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Hydrofoils

Surface Piercing Fully Submerged

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Hydrofoil vessel

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HYSWAS

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Hydroplaneشناور

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Hydroplaneشناور

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Aerostatic Support

- Supported by cushion of air generated by a fan. - ACV (Air Cushion Vehicle)

hull material : rubber propeller : placed on the deck amphibious operation - SES (Surface Effect Ship)

side hull : rigid wall (steel or FRP) bow : skirt propulsion system : placed under the water water jet propulsion supercavitating propeller not amphibious operation

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Air Cushion Vehicles

Surface Effect Ship Hovercraft

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ACV (Air Cushion Vehicles)

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Submarine

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انواع شناورها

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Center of Floatation & Center of Buoyancy

• LCF LCF : centroid of water plane from the amidships• TCFTCF : centroid of water plane from the centerline

Amidships

centerline

- Centroid of waterplane (LCF varies depending on draft)

- Pivot point for list and trim of floating ship

Center of FloatationCenter of Floatation

مفاهيم شناوري

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• LCBLCB: Longitudinal center of buoyancy from amidships• KBKB : Vertical center of buoyancy from the Keel• TCBTCB : Transverse center of buoyancy from the centerline

Center line

Base line

TCBLCB

Center of BuoyancyCenter of Buoyancy

- Centroid of displaced water volumeCentroid of displaced water volume

- Buoyant force act through this centroid.Buoyant force act through this centroid.

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- Buoyancy force (Weight of Barge)- LCB : at midship- TCB : on centerline- KB : T/2- Reserve Buoyancy Force

centerline

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Resistance Values and Coefficients

Resistance values, denoted by R, are dimensional valuesRT = Total hull resistance is the sum of all resistance

RT = RAA + RW + RV

• RAA = Resistance caused by calm air on the superstructure

• RW = Resistance due to waves caused by the ship - A function of beam to length ratio, displacement, hull shape &

Froude number (ship length & speed)

• RV = Viscous resistance (frictional resistance of water)- A function of viscosity of water, speed, and wetted surface

area of ship

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Total Resistance and Relative Magnitude of Components

- At low speeds Rv dominates

- At higher speeds Rw is dominates

- Hump (Hollow)- location is function of ship length and speed

Viscous

Air Resistance

Wave-making

Speed (kts)

HumpHollow

The amount of each resistance component will vary depending on speed:

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Ship Drive Train and Power

Ship Drive Train System

Engine ReductionGear

Bearing Seals

ScrewStrut

BHP SHP DHP

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Basic Theory Behind Ship Modeling

• Modeling a ship - It is not possible to measure the resistance of the full-scale ship - The ship needs to be scaled down to test in the tank but the scaled ship (model) must behave in exactly same way as the real ship.- How do we scale the prototype ship ? - Geometric and Dynamic similarity must be achieved.

DimensionSpeedForce

Prototype Model

Prototype ship model ship

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Effective Horse Power (EHP)

• EHP : The power required to move the ship hull at a given

speed in the absence of propeller action

(EHP is not related with Power Train System)

• EHP can be determined from the towing tank experiments at

the various speeds of the model ship.

• EHP of the model ship is converted into EHP of the full scale

ship by Froude’s Law.

VTowing Tank Towing carriage

Measured EHP

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