˘ˇˆ˙˝ ˝˛˚˜ ! # ˜ˇˆ˛˜ · 2010. 10. 17. · lp_gyksgk^n ^y[whyigy ^p r]y\ ‘]\zjr...
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Text 1. MODERN WORLD ECONOMY
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Vocabulary
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Comprehension Check
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1. What are the terms characterizing the world economy at the presenttime?
2. What influences relations between the developed and the developingcountries?
3. How does a developing nation mobilize resources for its self-sustaininggrowth?
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4. What is a TNC? What is its role in the world trade?5. What are the forms of TNCs’ participation in foreign economies?
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Text 2. FOREIGN AID
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Vocabulary
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Comprehension Check
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1. Developing countries have to borrow money from rich countries in or-der to strengthen their economies.
2. Basically donor countries are always satisfied with their aid programs’results.
3. All DAC countries expect to find new customers in recipient countries.
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4. Foreign aid was designed to support the countries with weak econo-mies.
5. All recipient countries managed to make the most of what they had re-ceived.
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Text 3. WORLD TRADE
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Vocabulary
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Comprehension Check
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1. What helped American firm become exporters to the world after theSecond World War?
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2. What matter of trade policy did America champion for many years?3. What are the prospects of North American FTA?4. Under what condition will a free trade area have a positive influence on
the world trade?5. Do the GAAT’s rules regulate FTAs?
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\[^HdJKLaPYGJLKLPPIN5�RPSSGYRG a> ^WGN^H^GPa\GJKLN]RRGNNa]Z=GN`GRJHZ
Z[aJKHKRJHZZ[>m�^HYJaa L> ^YHIG=GN`GRJHZZ[\G^XGGKRP]K^YJGN>��IJ_GYNJPK W> ^WGHR^JPKPY`YPRGNNPaSHOJKLNPSG
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NOTES:
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Text 4. MONOPOLY AND COMPETITION
cWPZIGYPaHSPKP`PZ[JNHNJKLZGNGZZGYXWPWHNGdRZ]NJ_GRPK^YPZPa^WGN]``Z[HKISHYOG^JKLPaNPSG`YPI]R^PYNGY_JRG�bPKP`PZ[JNHSHY
OG^NJ^]H^JPKJKXWJRW^WGYGHYGKPRPS`G^J^PYN�2PSGSPKP`PZJGNHYG]KH_PJIH\ZG�bPN^`]\ZJR]^JZJ^JGN.N]RWHNKH^]YHZLHN.GZGR^YJRJ^[HYG`P
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Vocabulary
^PWPZI �(� ���.!�(� !����U���^PN]``Z[ $��������RPS`G^J^PY ����!("��]KH_PJIH\ZG �����" �6��!����!��`]\ZJR]^JZJ^JGN �� !������$���!��HY^JaJRJHZ V�!����^PJK^GY_GKG ��(!������^PNGGO ��%�������_JLPYP]N 6�����."�"(������H^^GS`^ �!�����`YPaJ^ ��(����.������t$(�%!���
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Comprehension Check
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SPKP`PZ[SHYOG^`PXGYNWHYGISPKP`PZ[SPKP`PZJN^JRRPS`G^J^JPK
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Text 5. THE EUROPEAN UNION
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]KJaJRH^JPKPawGYSHK[JK���/.HKIJK���?XWH^WHI\GGK^WGQ]YP`G
HK jPSS]KJ^[ \GRHSG ^WG Q]YP`GHK kKJPK� xJKHZZ[ JK ����.c]N^YJH.xJKZHKIHKI2XGIGKlPJKGI^WGkKJPK.\YJKLJKL^PLG^WGY?m/SJZ
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Vocabulary
RPSS]KJ^[ �(� ���t�$�������^YGH^[ �6��(�����������(t!����^PJKRZ]IG ������=���%�>t��������^PJKRYGHNG �(������JKWH\J^HK^ 6��"��RPKRGYKJKL ��������.U���RPZZH\PYH^JPK �$��(�%����D���^PNHaGL]HYI`GHRG �7�(�����.��(���!���� �(^P`YPSP^G �$(����t��$� �����YJ_HZ �!$"(���.����!("��^P\HYLHJK !������!���!=��(���"���!>R]N^PSNI]^[ ������%�(XJ^WJK ! "6�7.!�"("����RPSSPKYH^GPaI]^[ ����������!(��$�����!�����\PYIGYRWGRO $"("��(������(����^PRPSG^PaY]J^JPK !�$�V�������������=$���� >YHKIPSRWGRO ���������$"("��(��^P`YG_GK^ ��$�%����t$"("V���6���RHNW �(�V�.�������GdRWHKLGYH^G �% ������!(�ZPHK $�����
Comprehension Check
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1. What organization was set up by the Treaty of Rome in 1957?2. What countries are the members of the European Union?3. What are the objectives of the EU institutions?4. What are the EU’s positions in world trade?5. Are there any advantages of having a single market for the EU member
countries?6. What is the function of the European Investment Bank?
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1. In 1993 what had been the European Community...
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2. The Union has a system of institutions that...3. The EU has a particularly influential...4. There have been no customs duties...5. It is now easier for firms...6. The introduction of cash euro in the member countries presents...
NOTES:
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Text 6. THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIESTYPES OF ECONOMY
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JK^WGSG^HZJKI]N^Y[�MWJNJKJ^NGZaPXGNHLYGH^IGHZ^P^WGaPYGN^Y[JKI]N
^Y[.HNS]RWPa^WGGd`HKNJPKRPSGNaYPS^WGJKRYGHNGIKGGIaPYSHRWJK
GY[HKIGf]J`SGK^aPY^YGGaGZZJKLHKI`H`GY`YPI]R^JPK�s^WGYJS`PY^HK^NGR^PYNHYG^GZGRPSS]KJRH^JPKNHKIWJLW^GRWJKI]N^YJGN.XWJRWaPYSHWJLW`GYRGK^HLGPaGd`PY^N�
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GJLK^YHIGHKINGY_JRGN�ca^GY^YHIGHKIJKI]N^Y[.^P]YJNS+JKN]SSGYHNJKXJK^GY+JNPKGPa^WGIG_GZP`GI\YHKRWGNPa^WGGRPKPS[�
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GYZHKINWHNSHlPYRWGSJRHZ.GZGR^YJRHZ.GKLJKGGYJKLHKIRHYJKI]N^YJGNJKHIIJ^JPK^PHWJLWZ[SGRWHKJNGIHLYJR]Z^]YHZNGR^PY�sJZHKIKH^]YHZLHN`YPI]R^JPKJNPaRPKNJIGYH\ZGGRPKPSJRJS`PY^HKRG�
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^JPKN.YP\P^JRNHKIJKaPYSH^JPK`YPRGNNJKL�
Vocabulary
HIl]N^SGK^ ("�!�������t$(����6!�����IJN`HYJ^[ �"���$���������.�"(�������^PG_PZ_G (��������=��>.(����(����=��>ZH\P]YaPYRG (�%�������IPSJKHK^ $�������^PHRRP]K^aPY �����������%���!$(�$�(D��SGYRWHKIJNG ����(�.��(�%�YGKPXKGI ����"����.��� "�����HaaZ]GK^ %������.(�����^YHIG]KJPK $(�A�$����`YJ_H^GPXKGYNWJ` $(���������������aPYGN^Y[ �����D���.�����"���$���(����`]Z` �"("��� ���^PPXG %!����%��g����� =�� !��>.������!
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Comprehension Check
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NOTES:
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Text 7. UKRAINE’S ECONOMY IN TRANSITION
MWG`YPRGNNGNPa^YHKNaPYSH^JPKaYPS`ZHKKGIRGK^YHZJNGI^PSHYOG^GRPKPS[HYGYH^WGYRPS`ZJRH^GI.\]^^WGYGHYGHZZ`YGYGf]JNJ^GNaPY^WGJYGaaGR^J_GHRRPS`ZJNWSGK^JKkOYHJKG�cNaPYJ^N`P^GK^JHZ.kOYHJKGJNHKJKI]N^YJHZHLYJR]Z^]YHZRP]K^Y[�1KI]N^Y[JN^WGSPN^JS`PY^HK^HYGHPakOYHJKGgN GRPKPS[�cLYGH^IGHZPa JKI]N^YJHZP]^`]^ JN`YPI]RGI\[WGH_[JKI]N^Y[.GN`GRJHZZ[^WGN^GGZ.SHRWJKG\]JZIJKLHKIRPHZJKI]N^YJGN�cRPKNJIGYH\ZG`HY^JN`ZH[GI\[^WGaPPIHKIZJLW^JKI]N^YJGN�
MWGSHRWJKG\]JZIJKLJKI]N^Y[JN`YGNGK^Z[^WGZHYLGN^\YHKRWPaJK
I]N^Y[�1^`YP_JIGNGf]J`SGK^aPYSG^HZZ]YL[.`PXGYN^H^JPKNHKIIJaaGY
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RHZ`PNJ^JPKJK^GYSNPaJK^GYKH^JPKHZ^YHIGGdRWHKLGN.kOYHJKGgNJKI]N
^YJGNHYG]KH\ZG[G^^PNH^JNa[HZZRPKN]SGYNgXHK^N\GRH]NGkOYHJKGJNl]N^JK^GLYH^JKLJK^P^WGXPYZI`YPRGNNPaGRPKPSJR.^GRWKPZPLJRHZHKINRJGK
^JaJR`YPLYGNN�jWHYHR^GYJN^JRHZZ[.^WGKH^JPKHZJKI]N^YJGNNWPXZPXN^HK
IHYIJK`YPRGNNJKLYHXSH^GYJHZNtP]^IH^GIHKIXPYKP]^`YPI]R^JPKGf]J`SGK^HKIZHROPa`YPLYGNNJ_G^GRWKJf]GNHKIH``YPHRWGNNZPXIPXKGRPKPSJRYGaPYSNN^HY^GIJK���/N�
4G_GY^WGZGNN.GRPKPS[YGN^Y]R^]YJKL`YPRGNNGNJKkOYHJKGWH_GRYGH^
GILYGH^P``PY^]KJ^JGNaPYNWH`JKLHKP`GK.GaaGR^J_GSHYOG^^[`GGRPKP
S[�kOYHJKGWHNN]RRGGIGIJKXJIGN`YGHINSHZZNRHZG`YJ_H^JNH^JPK=G�L�.PaNWP`NHKIP^WGYNSHZZNGY_JRG]KJ^N>HKIG_GKSPYGJKZHYLGNRHZG`YJ
_H^JNH^JPK�{YJRGZJ\GYHZJNH^JPKHKIaPYGJLKGdRWHKLGN[N^GSYGaPYSNWH_G\YP]LW^KP^H\ZGYGN]Z^N�MWGaZPXPaaPYGJLKJK_GN^SGK^N`YP_GN^WGaHR^^WH^kOYHJKGWHNH`YPSJNJKLGRPKPSJR`P^GK^JHZXWJRWPaaGYNSHK[\]NJ
KGNNHKIJK_GN^SGK^P``PY^]KJ^JGN�
Vocabulary
RPS`ZJRH^GI ��������`YGYGf]JNJ^GN $"("�! ���GaaGR^J_G "A"�������HRRPS`ZJNWSGK^ ���������.������"���IGN`J^G �"���6������RPK_GKJGK^ �(!����.$��7���U��
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JS`HR^ �$���RPKN]SGY �$�6����P]^IH^GI �����(����XPYKP]^ ���V"���ZHRO �"�����.%(��H``YPHRW $��7��KG_GY^WGZGNN $(��"YGN^Y]R^]YJKL $"("%!����P``PY^]KJ^[ �$(������� �6�������^PNWH`G ��������A�( �.!���(�����NRHZG ��V��%.(�� �(KP^H\ZG $� �����aZPX $����`YPSJNJKL %������%�D������^P`YP_G ��������
Comprehension Check
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JKNJIGt]KaH_PYH\ZGt]`^PIH^GtH\ZGtGHN[tJKGaaGR^J_GtIGN^YP[tNG`H
YH^JKLtWJLWtIJNHI_HK^HLG�
NOTES:
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1K`YPLYGNN+\GJKLIPKGPYSHIG�QdHS`ZG#MWGIJNR]NNJPKJNKPXJK`YPLYGNN�
MPLP^P^WGRP]K^Y[+^PIGRJIG^PWPZIHKGZGR^JPK^PRWPPNG=PaHLP_GYKSGK^>HKGX`HYZJHSGK^�
QdHS`ZG#pGXGK^^P^WGRP]K^Y[P_GY^WGJNN]GHKIZPN^^WGLGKGYHZGZGR^JPK�
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Text 8. CURRENT ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEENUKRAINE AND THE EU
MWGYGZH^JPKN\G^XGGKkOYHJKGHKI^WGQ]YP`GHKkKJPKHYGRPKI]R^
GIXJ^WJK^WGaYHSGXPYOPa^WGB{HY^KGYNWJ`HKIjPP`GYH^JPKcLYGG
SGK^E ={jc>XWJRWXHN NJLKGI JK���0HKIRHSG JK^P aPYRG JK�����kOYHJKGXHN^WGaJYN^Pa^WG4GXZ[1KIG`GKIGK^2^H^GN^PNJLK^WJNOJKIPaIPR]SGK^XJ^W^WGQk^PYG`ZHRG^WGaPYSGYcLYGGSGK^PKMYHIGHKIjPSSGYRJHZHKIQRPKPSJRjPP`GYH^JPKXJ^W^WGk22F�MWGHJSPa^WG`HY^JGN^P^WGIPR]SGK^JN^PGN^H\ZJNWHaYGG^YHIGHYGH\G^XGGK^WGS�cRRPYIJKL^P^WGcLYGGSGK^.^WG`HY^JGNLYHK^^PGHRWP^WGY^WGSPN^
aH_P]YGIKH^JPK^YGH^SGK^HKI^WGLPPINPa^WGGHRW`HY^[NWP]ZIKP^\GN]\lGR^^PIJNRYJSJKH^PY[IJYGR^PYJKIJYGR^^HdH^JPK�MWGHYGHN.JKXWJRW^WGRPP`GYH^JPKXJZZRPKRGK^YH^G.HYGRZPNG^P^WGRWH`^GYNaPYKGLP^JH^JPKPK^WGHRRGNNJPKXJ^W^WGRHKIJIH^GRP]K^YJGN#
BJKI]N^YJHZRPP`GYH^JPK.JK_GN^SGK^`YPSP^JPKHKI`YP^GR^JPK.`]\
ZJR`YPR]YGSGK^.SJKJKLHKIYHXSH^GYJHZN.NRJGKRGHKI^GRWKPZPL[.GI]
RH^JPKHKI^YHJKJKL.HLYJR]Z^]YGHKIHLYPJKI]N^YJHZNGR^PY.GKGYL[.RJ_JZK]RZGHYNGR^PY.GK_JYPKSGK^.^YHKN`PY^.N`HRGJKI]N^Y[.^GZGRPSS]KJRH
^JPKN.aJKHKRJHZNGY_JRGN.SPKG[ZH]KIGYJKL.SPKG^HY[`PZJR[.YGLJPKHZIG
_GZP`SGK^.NPRJHZRPP`GYH^JPK.^P]YJNS.NSHZZHKISGIJ]SNJiGIGK^GY
`YJNGN.JKaPYSH^JPKHKIRPSS]KJRH^JPK.RPKN]SGY`YP^GR^JPK.R]N^PSN.N^H^JN^JRHZRPP`GYH^JPK.GRPKPSJRNHKIIY]LNE=cY^JRZG��Pa^WG{jc>�
MWGcLYGGSGK^JNRPKRZ]IGIaPY^GK[GHYN^P\GYGKGXH\ZGPKH[GHY
\[[GHY\HNJN�2PSG`YPLYGNN^PXHYIkOYHJKGgNGK^YHKRGJK^PQ]YP`GHKRPSS]KJ^[WHN\GGKHRWJG_GI�sKeGRGS\GY����Q]YP`GHKjP]KRJZHIP`^GIB^WGQ]YP`GHKjP]KRJZjPSSPK2^YH^GL[PKkOYHJKGE�1K2G`
^GS\GY�///.^WG{YPLYHSPKkOYHJKGgNJK^GLYH^JPKJK^P^WGQ]YP`GHKkKJPKXHNNJLKGI�MWG`YPLYHS`YGNRYJ\GNkOYHJKGgNN^YH^GL[JK^WGaPZ
ZPXJKLJS`PY^HK^HYGHN#IGSPRYHR[HKIY]ZGPaZHX.RP]Y^N[N^GS.W]SHKYJLW^N.GRPKPSJRIG_GZP`SGK^Pa^WGRP]K^Y[.JK^GYKHZSHYOG^XJ^WP]^\PHYIGYN.GRPKPSJRHKIaJNRHZf]GN^JPKN.aPYGJLKGRPKPSJRHR^J_J^[.aPY
GJLKHKINGR]YJ^[`PZJR[.GI]RH^JPKHKI[P]^W.aJKHKRJHZJNN]GN�
MWGaHR^^WH^kOYHJKGJNHZHYLG^YHKNJ^RP]K^Y[PaPJZHKILHNaYPSF]NNJHHKIP^WGYcNJHKRP]K^YJGN^PhGN^GYKQ]YP`G^HOGNKP^^WGZHN^`HY^JK^WGGRPKPSJRYGZH^JPKN\G^XGGK^WGQkHKIkOYHJKG�bPYGP_GY.^WGPJZ^YHKNJ^JNRPK^JK]P]NZ[JKRYGHNJKLP_GY^WGZHN^[GHYN�
1K4P_GS\GY�///.kOYHJKJHKZHXSHOGYNH``YP_GIH`YPLYHS^PWHY
SPKJNGkOYHJKJHK ZGLJNZH^JPKXJ^W ^WGQ]YP`GHKPKG�MWG`YPLYHS JN
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HJSGI^PJKI]RGH^^YHR^J_GKGNNPa^WGQ]YP`GHKGRPKPS[JK^WGG[GNPaJK_GN^PYN�
1KPYIGY^P\GGZJLJ\ZGaPY^WGQkSGS\GYNWJ`kOYHJKGWHN^Pa]ZaJZZJN^GI\[^WGQkYGf]JYGSGK^NXWJRWJKRZ]IGWPZIJKLPa^YHKN`HYGK^`HY
ZJHSGK^HKI`YGNJIGK^JHZGZGR^JPKN.SHNNSGIJHYGaPYS.aJLW^JKLRPYY]`
^JPK.N^H\JZJ^[PaZGLJNZH^JPK.^WGaJKHKRJHZN[N^GSHKI^WGN[N^GSPa^HdH
^JPK^PQkN^HKIHYIN�
Vocabulary
^PRPKI]R^ �"���.�"(!����XJ^WJK^WGaYHSGXPYOPa ! "6�7������^PNJLK $��$��!����`HY^[ �(���������(���^PLYHK^ $����6!������SPN^aH_PYGIKH^JPK^YGH^SGK^ ����$(�������V"�����"�������D��HRRGNNJPK ����!$t���!$`YPR]YGSGK^ ��%"�$"�"���SJKJKL ��(����$(� ���������SPKG[ZH]KIGYJKL ��� �������(�V"�GK^GY`YJNG $��$(�* ����RPKN]SGY`YP^GR^JPK ��7����$�6�����^PRPKRZ]IG !�������=������(>^P\GYGKGXH\ZG %!��$�����"�� ^P`YGNRYJ\G $(�$��!����JK^GYKHZ ��!�(�V���aJNRHZ A���������^PH``YP_G !7������ZGLJNZH^JPK �������������ZGLJNZH^]YG ���%�.���$������������ ��!�������YGf]JYGSGK^N �� ���^PJKI]RG ���������t�$(�������H^^YHR^J_GKGNN $(���%�������GZJLJ\ZG ���.7�� �*$(�����U��"%!��
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Comprehension Check
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1. Find the terms characterizing relations between Ukraine and the Euro-pean Union.
2. Name the PCA’s key points.3. Determine areas of Ukraine and the EU cooperation.4. Name the document adopted by the European Council in 1999.5. Explain the advantages of Ukraine being an important oil and gas tran-
sit country.6. Determine the aim of the program approved by Ukrainian lawmakers.7. Name the requirement Ukraine has to fulfill to be eligible for EU mem-
bership.
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1. agreement, contract, taxation, deal2. area, security, zone, region, space3. approve, confirm, criticize, ratify4. approach, gateway, relation, entrance5. partner, stranger, colleague, friend6. trade, business, commerce, force
NOTES:
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^WGY]ZGPaZHX+^WGRPKIJ^JPKJKXWJRWG_GY[SGS\GYPaNPRJG^[.JK
RZ]IJKLJ^NY]ZGYN.HRRG`^N^WGH]^WPYJ^[Pa^WGZHX�
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Text 9. ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UKRAINE
c^^WG^JSGXWGKGRPKPSJRN[N^GSJNJK^YHKNJ^JPKaYPSN^H\JZJiH^JPK^PGRPKPSJRLYPX^W^WGSHJK^HNONPaSJRYPGRPKPSJR`PZJR[JKkOYHJKGHYGLYHI]HZN^Y]R^]YHZHKI JKN^J^]^JPKHZYGaPYSNPaGRPKPSJRGK_JYPK
SGK^�
QRPKPSJRLYPX^WJNH`YPRGNN\[XWJRWHKH^JPKgNXGHZ^WJKRYGHNGNP_GY^JSG�cKK]HZLYPX^W`GYRH`J^HJNHKGS`JYJRHZSGHN]YGPaGRPKPS
JRLYPX^W�MWGSHJKJKIJRH^PYPaGRPKPSJRLYPX^WJN^WGZG_GZPa`YPI]R
^JPK^WH^JNSGHN]YGI\[we{=LYPNNIPSGN^JR`YPI]R^>�
MWGZG_GZPawe{`GYRH`J^HJKkOYHJKGJK�//�RPKN^J^]^GIH\P]^�//k2eHRRPS`HKJGI\[^WGmuYH^GPaLYPX^WRPS`HYGIJK^WG`YG_JP]N[GHY�Q_GKJaN]RWYH^GPaLYPX^WXJZZ\GSHJK^HJKGII]YJKLHZZ^WGKGd^IGRHIG.^WGKwe{`GYRH`J^HXJZZ\GH\P]^��m/k2eJK^WG[GHY�/�/.XWJRWJNGf]HZ^P^WGZG_GZPaIG_GZP`SGK^Pa^WGZGHN^IG_GZP`GI`YGNGK^RZHJSHK^N^PGK^Y[Qk�
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{PY^]LHZ �/�5m
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PK^WGRPKIJ^JPKPa^WGN^H^GaJKHKRG.\HKOJKLN[N^GSHKI^WGSPKG^HY[NJ^]H^JPKJKLGKGYHZ�MWGJKRYGHNGJK`YPI]R^JPKJKNSHZZ\]NJKGNNGNXJZZRYGH^GHIIJ^JPKHZIGSHKIPKYGHZSPKG[\HZHKRGN�MWJNXJZZ\YPHIGK^WG\HNGNaPYGSJNNJPK\[^WGj3&43=4H^JPKHZ3HKO>^WH^XJZZJKRYGHNG\]I
LG^HY[JKRPSGXJ^WP]^JKaZH^JPKHY[RPKNGf]GKRGN�2^JS]ZH^JKLGI]RH^JPK.GN`GRJHZZ[`YPaGNNJPKHZ.SH[WH_GHIJYGR^`PNJ^J_GGaaGR^PKLYPX^W.HKIHYGI]R^JPKJKLP_GYKSGK^Gd`GKIJ^]YGNXJZZZGHI^PIGRYGHNGJK^WGaJNRHZ\]YIGKPKaJYSNHKIWP]NGWPZINNP^WG[WH_GSPYGYGNP]YRGN^PIJYGR^JK^PLYPX^W`YPSP^JKLJK_GN^SGK^�
Vocabulary
LYHI]HZ $����������t$���!$����XGHZ^W %��������t��������^PSGHN]YG �(���.�� �(�����HKK]HZ U�(�����t(�����`GYRH`J^H ���!V!���"�"���JKIJRH^PY $�������ZG_GZ (��"��we{=LYPNNIPSGN^JR`YPI]R^> ���������!�(�V���$(��!��^PSHJK^HJK $���(� !����IGRHIG �"����(����t�"����Gf]HZ (�����RZHJSHK^ �������^WGZGHN^ ��� "�V��G_JIGKRG ��"��������Gd`GKIJ^]YGN ���(���^WGZH^^GY ��������^P\YPHIGK (��V�(�����GSJNNJPK " ����.��$!���(�V"�JKRPSG $(�%!���t��7��JKaZH^JPKHY[RPKNGf]GKRGN ��A��D������������^PZGHI �"���.$(�������t�$(�������YGI]R^JPK � "�V"���t���(��"���IGRYGHNG � "�V"���.�$��\]YIGK ����(P]^RPSG ��������
-
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Comprehension Check
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1. The main tasks of macroeconomic policy in Ukraine are gradual/rapidstructural reforms.
2. Economic growth is a process by which a nation’s wealth decreases/in-creases over time.
3. Small business development can have positive income/outcome on thecondition of the state finance.
4. Additional demands on real money balance will narrow/broaden thebases for emission.
5. A reduction in government influence/expenditures will lead to decreaseof the fiscal burden on firms.
6. Firms will have more resources to direct into growth hindering/promot-ing investment.
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NOTES:
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c^HK[YH^G+XWH^G_GYWH``GKNPYSH[WH_GWH``GKGI�B����+���&������
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Text 10. SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTOPPORTUNITIES
MWG^YHKNJ^JPKaYPSNP_JG^GYHN^H^GGK^GY`YJNGHKIRPZZGR^J_GPXKGY
NWJ`^PHKGXSHYOG^PYJGK^GIGYHPa`YJ_H^GPXKGYNWJ`HKI`YJ_H^G\]NJ
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MWGYGN]Z^JNHaHYLYGH^GY_HYJG^[HKIH_HJZH\JZJ^[PaLPPIN^WHKXHNOKPXK`YG_JP]NZ[]KIGY^WGNP_JG^N[N^GS.HKIHXJIGYHKLGPaP``PY^]
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JKLLYP]KIaPYGK^YG`YGKG]YNPa^WGa]^]YG�2PSGNSHZZ\]NJKGNNGNXJZZLYPXJK^PZHYLGYaJYSN.GS`ZP[JKLSHK[`GP`ZGHKIRPK^YJ\]^JKLNJLKJaJ
RHK^Z[^PJKRPSGHKIlP\RYGH^JPKPa^WGJYZPRHZHYGH�
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HLGSGK^PY^WYP]LWNPSGSJNaPY^]KG�MWJNJN^WGXH[^WGSHYOG^N[N^GSSP_GN^PXHYILYGH^GYGaaJRJGKR[.\[HZZPXJKLRWHKLG^PPRR]YXWGYGRPS
`G^J^JPKYG_GHZNJKGaaJRJGKR[�
-
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Vocabulary
^PN`YJKL]`=N`YHKL.N`Y]KL> �g��������NJIGXHZO �(��!�(IGN`J^G �"���6������^PJS`PNG ���g��!����t�$�����!����GK^GY`YJNG $��$(�* ����^WYJ_G $(�D������G_JIGK^ ��"������H``ZJHKRGNWP` ����"(��_HYJG^[ (���� ���������H_HJZH\JZJ^[ ���������HXJIGYHKLG V�(��"����GK^GY`YGKG]NWJ` $��$(�* ��D���\GKGaJ^ ��(����t������GK^JYG D����t�!D������^PRPK^YJ\]^G (�%��������GaaPY^ �!�����`YPaJ^H\ZG $(�%!������GaaJRJGKR[ ��*�����t"A"���������RPS`G^J^J_GKGNN ����!("����$(� �6�����GNNGKRG �!��t�!������N]Y_J_HZPa^WGaJ^^GN^ ��6���������������V�7JKG_J^H\ZG �" ��!���SJNaPY^]KG �"�����^PYG_J_G ���(��6!����^PHZZPX ���������^PPRR]Y �(�$������^PYG_GHZ ��������t���(�����
Comprehension Check
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NOTES:
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Text 11. MACHINE BUILDING INDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
MWGLYPX^W ^YGKINPaSHRWJKG`YPI]R^JPK\G^XGGK�///}�//�XGYGSHYOGI\[`PNJ^J_GI[KHSJRN�caH_P]YH\ZGNJ^]H^JPKPK^WGLZP\HZSHYOG^HKILYPX^WPaJKRPSGNJKGd`PY^NGR^PYN+SPN^Z[SG^HZZ]YL[HKIRWGSJN
^Y[.YGN]Z^GIJKLYPX^WPa^WGIPSGN^JRIGSHKIaPYJKI]N^YJHZ`YPI]R^N�
MWGSHJKRPKN]SGYNPaSHRWJKG\]JZIJKL`YPI]R^NJK���/}�///XGYGaGYYP]NSG^HZZ]YL[.�0.�utHLYPNGR^PY.��.�utRPHZJKI]N^Y[.5./utGZGR
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c^^WGNHSG^JSG.^WGaPYGJLKIGSHKI`ZH[GIHNJLKJaJRHK^YPZGJKJK
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3]^^WGR]YYGK^NJ^]H^JPKJNYH^WGY`YGRHYJP]NaPYIPSGN^JR`YPI]RGYN\GRH]NGJS`PY^`GKG^YH^JPKJNaHJYZ[WJLW�kOYHJKGXJ^WJ^NZHYLGGd`PY^_PZ]SGN.WHNHKJS`PY^`GKG^YH^JPKPa�}m^JSGNSPYGJK^GYSNPaSH
RWJKGN.Gf]J`SGK^.^WHKJKIG_GZP`GIRP]K^YJGN�MWGkOYHJKJHKSHRWJKG\]JZIJKLNGR^PYH^^GS`^N^P`YGNGY_GJ^NRPS`G^J^J_G`PNJ^JPKJKPKZ[HK]S\GYPaNGR^PYN+H_JH^JPK.N`HRGHKIXH^GY^YHKN`PY^H^JPKGf]J`SGK^�
cZZP^WGYNGR^PYNYGf]JYGHaJKHKRJHZN]``PY^aPY`YGNGY_JKLHKIIG_GZ
P`JKL^WGJYNRJGK^JaJR^GRWKJRHZ`P^GK^JHZ� 1K_GN^SGK^NPKYGNGHYRWXJZZWGZ`JS`YP_G\P^Wf]HZJ^[HKIRPS`G^J^J_GKGNNPa`YPI]R^N�cZNPJ^JNKGR
GNNHY[^P`YP^GR^^WGIPSGN^JRSHYOG^aYPS^WGJS`PY^Pa^WGGf]J`SGK^Pa^WGNHSGPYG_GKZPXGYf]HZJ^[^WHKRGY^HJKIPSGN^JR`YPI]R^N�
QRPKPSJRYGL]ZH^JPKNHJSJKLaPYJKI]N^YJHZLYPX^WHKIIG_GZP`SGK^NWP]ZIJKRZ]IG^WGaPZZPXJKLN^G`N#
~ NG^^JKL]``YGaGYGKRGN aPY ^WG JS`PY^Pa ^GRWKPZPLJGN+\]^KP^`YPI]R^N+JK^WGWJLW^GRWNGR^PYt
~ ^YHKNJ^JPK^PGKLJKGGYJKL`YPI]R^JPK.HNNGS\Z[.JKN^HZZH^JPKHKINGY
_JRGt
~ GN^H\ZJNWSGK^Pa\HKON^WH^XJZZ`YP_JIGZPKL^GYSZPHKNaPYZHYLGGK^GY`YJNGNHLHJKN^^WGaJNRHZJK^GYGN^.N^JS]ZH^JKLJKN]YHKRGPaRYGI
J^NHKIN^H^GL]HYHK^GGNPK^WG\HNJNPaRPZZH^GYHZt
~ IGRYGHNG^HdGNaPYGK^GY`YJNGNPa^WGSHRWJKG\]JZIJKLNGR^PYHKIJS
`ZGSGK^NGR^PY^HdGNt
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~ N]``PY^PakOYHJKJHK`YPI]RGYN^WYP]LW^WG`YGNGY_H^JPKPa^WG`P
NJ^JPKNPa ^WG ^YHIJ^JPKHZ aPYGJLKSHYOG^NHKI^WG JKRYGHNG JK ^WGK]S\GYPaGd`PY^IGN^JKH^JPKNt
~ `YPSP^JKL`YPLYHSNHJSGIH^ YHJNJKL RPS`G^J^J_GKGNNPKLZP\HZSHYOG^N]KIGY^WGRPKIJ^JPKPa`YGNGY_JKL^WGRPS`G^J^JPKPK^WGRPYYGN`PKIJKLkOYHJKJHKSHYOG^Nt
~ `YP^GR^JPKPa^WGIPSGN^JRSHYOG^JK^GYSNPaRGY^HJK^YHIJ^JPKHZ^[`GNPa`YPI]R^Nt
~ XJIGKJKLPa^WGS]^]HZZ[\GKGaJRJHZRPP`GYH^JPK\G^XGGKkOYHJKGHKISGS\GYNPaJK^GYKH^JPKHZ]KJPKNJK^WGN`WGYGPaRPS`G^J^J_G`PZJR[�
Vocabulary
^YGKI ��$(� .�"��"�D��aGYYP]NSG^HZZ]YL[ ��(�� "���!(���IGN^JKH^JPK ��D"$(�����"���R]YYGK^ $�������`YGRHYJP]N �"��������.(����������JS`PY^`GKG^YH^JPK $(�����"���� $�(�!Gd`PY^_PZ]SG �%���*��$�(�!H^^GS`^ �$(�%�YGNGHYRW ������6"���HNNGS\Z[ ����6=/012�3JKN^HZZH^JPK !��������=/012�3JKN]YHKRGPaRYGIJ^N ��(�7!������("�����^PJS`ZGSGK^ �����!����.�$(����6!����S]^]HZZ[\GKGaJRJHZ ���*����������
Comprehension Check
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Gd`PY^ J^GSNt JS`PY^ `GKG^YH^JPKt RPKN]SGYN Pa SHRWJKG \]JZIJKL`YPI]R^NtGRPKPSJRYGL]ZH^JPKPaIG_GZP`SGK^tH_JH^JPK`YPI]R^Nt`YP^GR
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��RPKN]SGY H> HWJLWN^HKIHYIPYZG_GZt��^YGKI \> WH_JKL ^WG NHSG N`GRJaJGI YGZH^JPK ^P
GHRWP^WGYt?�^P`YPSP^G R> ^WG HR^JPK PY `YPRGNN Pa aJdJKL ^WG
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0�S]^]HZ I> H`GYNPKXWP\][NLPPINPYNGY_JRGN��f]HZJ^[ G> LGKGYHZ^GKIGKR[PYIJYGR^JPK5�RPS`G^J^J_G a> ^PWGZ`^WG`YPLYGNNPaN^W�m�JKN^HZZH^JPK L> HNLPPIHNPY\G^^GY^WHKP^WGYN
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Text 12. LIGHT INDUSTRY SURVEY
MWG]KJf]GKGNNPakOYHJKJHKZJLW^JKI]N^Y[ZJGNJK^WG`YGNGY_H^JPKPaSPIGYK^GRWKPZPLJGNHKIWJLWZG_GZNPaN^Haa^YHJKJKL.^W]NYGN]Z^JKLJKWJLWf]HZJ^[�Qf]J``GIXJ^W^WG\GN^XGN^GYKQ]YP`GHKGf]J`SGK^H_HJZ
H\ZG.ZJLW^JKI]N^Y[XHNKPXPYNGPaaH^^WG\GLJKKJKLPa^WG���/N.^GRW
KPZPLJRHZZ[N`GHOJKL.^WHKaPYGJLKRP]K^GY`HY^N�c^^WH^^JSG.ZJLW^JKI]N
^Y[ GHYKGI kOYHJKGgN \]ILG^ ��/ u JK ^Hd YG_GK]GN� pPXG_GY. ^WGSJI���/N\YP]LW^HIGG`.N]N^HJKGIRYJNJN�
3JL.aPYSGYZ[N^H^GPXKGIGK^GY`YJNGNN`GRJHZJNJKLJKSHJKZ[OKJ^^JKLHKIaPP^XGHYZHYLGZ[XGK^\HKOY]`^PYXGYGYGN^Y]R^]YGI�MWG[XGYGPa
^GKN`ZJ^JK^PNSHZZGK^GY`YJNGN]NJKLKPSPYG^WHK�}�/uPaRH`HRJ^[�MWJNXHN^WGaH^HZ\ZPXPa^WGkOYHJKJHKSG^WPIPa`YJ_H^JNJKL.RP]`ZGIXJ^WHZJ\GYHZJNH^JPKPaaPYGJLK^YHIG�yJLW^JKI]N^Y[XHNPKGPa^WGaJYN^NGR^PYN^P\G`YJ_H^JNGI�
bHK]aHR^]YGYNLYHI]HZZ[SHN^GYGISHYOG^RPKIJ^JPKNHKI\GLHK`YP
I]RJKLHN^H\ZG_HYJG^[Paf]HZJ^[LPPIN�MWJN.WPXG_GY.`YP_GISPYGIJa
aJR]Z^aPYZGH^WGYHKI^Gd^JZGGK^GY`YJNGN^WHKaPYNGXJKL.OKJ^^GIXGHYHKIaPP^XGHYaJYSN�bPIGYKJNH^JPKYGf]JYGISPYGJK_GN^SGK^N^PJS`YP_G^WGYHKLGPaLPPIN�2SHZZaJYSN\GLHK^PGSGYLGJK^WGGKIPa^WG���/N.`YP
_JIJKL`YPI]R^NaPYS]RWZPXGY`YJRGN^WHK^WGLJHK^N�
1^XHNKP^]K^JZ����^WH^^WGNGR^PY\GLHK^P\]YLGPK.YG`PY^JKLHKHKK]HZ`YPI]R^JPKLYPX^WPa?�u�MWJNXHNI]GJK`HY^^P^WGF]NNJHKIGaH]Z^JK����+JS`PY^GILPPIN\GRHSGSPYGGd`GKNJ_GHKI^WGYGaPYG.JKHRRGNNJ\ZG^PSPN^Pa^WG`P`]ZH^JPK�
cKP^WGYaHR^PYHJIJKL^WGJKI]N^Y[XHN^WGJKRYGHNGJKf]P^HNI]YJKL����}�///aPYkOYHJKJHKZJLW^JKI]N^Y[Gd`PY^N^P^WGQ]YP`GHKkKJPK�yH^GY^WG[XGYGRHKRGZZGIHZ^PLG^WGY�yJLW^JKI]N^Y[Gd`PY^XHNKGHYZ[k2n�//SZKJK�//��
kOYHJKGgNZJLW^JKI]N^Y[JNZJOGZ[^PLHJKJ^NaPYSGY`PNJ^JPKNJK`YP
I]R^JPKLYPX^W.\]^]KRPK^YPZZGIcNJHKJS`PY^N^WYGH^GKZPRHZGK^GY`YJN
GNXJ^W^WG`YPN`GR^NPa\HKOY]`^R[JK^WGKGHYa]^]YG�
kKIGY^WG`YGNN]YGPa2P]^WGHN^cNJHKSHNNJS`PY^N.HIGRZJKGJKZJLW^JKI]N^Y[SHK]aHR^]YJKLJKIG_GZP`JKLRP]K^YJGNWHN\GRPSGHXPYZIXJIG^GKIGKR[�jWJKGNG`YPI]R^JPK.JK`HY^JR]ZHY.WHNSP_GIJK^P^WGkOYHJKJ
HKIPSGN^JRSHYOG^JKHSHKKGYNJSJZHY^PXWH^WHNHZYGHI[PRR]YYGIJKhGN^GYKQ]YP`GHKI4PY^WcSGYJRH�MWGRP]K^Y[gNJS`PY^NGdRGGIIP
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bPYGP_GY._PZ]SGNPaNGRPKIWHKI`YPI]R^NHYGR]YYGK^Z[JS`PY^GIJKZHYLGYf]HK^J^JGN^WHK^WGIPSGN^JRSHYOG^JNH\ZG^P`YPI]RGKGXLPPIN�2GRPKIWHKIJNHZNPJKIGSHKI\GRH]NGJ^JNJKGd`GKNJ_G�
pPXG_GY.^WGJKI]N^Y[HK^JRJ`H^GN^WH^KGXZHXNHIP`^GI\[^WGvFPKN^HKIHYIJNH^JPKHKIRGY^JaJRH^JPKHKIIGRJNJ_GHR^JPKNIJYGR^GI^P^WGRPKN]SGYSHYOG^ `YP^GR^JPKXJZZ JS`YP_G RPKIJ^JPKN aPY ^WG KH^JPKgNSHK]aHR^]YGYN�
Vocabulary
]KJf]GKGNN !�����������N^Haa V���.$"(�����^P\GKPXPYNGPaa %!���"��(V� ��6������YG_GK]G ��7��=���(" ��"(6���>RP]K^GY`HY^ ��$��t��������(��$���%������$!IGG`N]N^HJKGIRYJNJN ���%���.�(������(���N`ZJ^ (������������^PRP]`ZG �g*��!������^PSHN^GY �����������ZGH^WGY V��(�NGXJKL V�"����OKJ^^GI �g������aPP^XGHY ��!���^PGSGYLG �g��������LJHK^ ������^P\]YLGPK $�����V������(������.(����������IGaH]Z^ �"�����������%��g�����.�"$����6^WGYGaPYG �� !.��6"JKHRRGNNJ\ZG �"����!$���f]P^H �% "6"������������������A�D����
������"����^PRHKRGZ ������!����^P^WYGH^GK ���(�6!����`YPN`GR^ $"(�$"�����]KIGY^WG`YGNN]YG $������� _PZ]SG �%���^P\GJKIGSHKI ��(���!������$�$��� f]HK^J^[ ���������
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Comprehension Check
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Text 13. UKRAINE’S AGRICULTURE
kOYHJKGWHNHaH_PYH\ZGRPS\JKH^JPKPaRZJSH^JRRPKIJ^JPKN.ZHKIHKIZH\PYYGNP]YRGN.XGZZIG_GZP`GI^YHKN`PY^JKaYHN^Y]R^]YG.HKIRZPNGaPY
GJLKSHYOG^N�MWJNHRRP]K^NaPY^WGWJLW`P^GK^JHZPaJ^NHLYJR]Z^]YHZ`YP
I]R^JPK�MWGHLYJR]Z^]YHZNGR^PY`YPI]RGN��.�uPawe{.GS`ZP[JKLHaJa^WPa^WGXPYOJKL`P`]ZH^JPK�kOYHJKGgNHYH\ZGHKIaHYSJKLHYGHNRPS
`YJNG0�SJZZJPKNf]HYGOS.^WGZHYLGN^JKQ]YP`GHa^GYF]NNJH�{ZHK^GIRYP`NHRRP]K^aPY�0.�uPa^P^HZHLYJR]Z^]YHZP]^`]^�cSPKL^WGIPSJ
KHK^RYP`NHYGXWGH^.RPYK.N]LHY\GG^N.N]KaZPXGYN.ZGL]SGN.^P\HRRP._GLG^H\ZGN.HKIaY]J^N�kOYHJKGYHKONaJa^WJKLYHJKRYP`NJK^WGXPYZI�1K�//�kOYHJKGWHY_GN^GIHZSPN^0/SZK�^PKNPaLYHJK�yJ_GN^PROaHYSJKLJKRZ]IGNRH^^ZG.`JLN.NWGG`.WPYNGN.G^R�wYGH^`YPLYGNNWHN\GGKSHIGJK`P]Z^Y[aHYSJKL.aJNWGYJGN.HKIH`JR]Z^]YG�1KHLYJR]Z^]YGYGN^Y]R^]YJKL\G
LHKXJ^W^WGaJYN^[GHYNPaJKIG`GKIGKRG�
xPZZPXJKL{YGNJIGK^yGPKJIz]RWSHgN����YGGZGR^JPK.^WGIYHN^JRYG
aPYSNRHSG^P^WG_JZZHLG#^WGZHKIPXKGI\[RPZZGR^J_GaHYSNJN\GJKLIJ_JIGIHSPKL^WG`GHNHK^N.XWPRHKKP^aYGGZ[SHKHLG^WGJYZP^NtRPKIJ
^JPKNHYG\GJKL`YP_JIGIaPYaHYSGYN^PGd`HKI^WGJYaHYSN.HKIHLYJR]Z
^]YHZGK^GY`YJNGNHYG\GJKLHYYHKLGIPKH_PZ]K^HY[\HNJNJKHaHNWJPKRWP
NGK\[^WG`GHNHK^N^WGSNGZ_GN��?.?//KGXHLYJR]Z^]YHZ]KJ^NWH_G\GGKaPYSGI.JKRZ]IJKLaHYSN=05u>.RPP`GYH^J_GN=��u>.`YJ_H^GHKIZGHNGI\]NJKGNNGN=��u>�
MWGJKaYHN^Y]R^]YGPa^WGHLYJR]Z^]YHZSHYOG^JNJK^YPI]RGISPN^YGNP
Z]^GZ[HKIRPKNJN^GK^Z[PK^WG\HNJNPa^WGXWPZGNHZGHKIGdRWHKLG^YHIGPaHLYJR]Z^]YHZ`YPI]RG�cKHZ^GYKH^J_GZ[PXKGIKG^XPYOPa`YPRGNNJKLHKI`YPR]YGSGK^\]NJKGNNGN JN\GJKLGN^H\ZJNWGI�kOYHJKG JNR]YYGK^Z[IG^GYSJKGI^PYGGN^H\ZJNWJ^NHLGPZIYG`]^H^JPKHN^WG\YGHI\HNOG^PaQ]YP`G�
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Text 14. THE NEED TO RESTRUCTURE UKRAINE’SCOLLECTIVE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
cZ^WP]LWkOYHJKG`PNNGNNGNNPSGPa^WG\GN^NPJZJK^WGXPYZI.XWJRWWHISHIGJ^JK^WG`HN^B^WG\YGHI\HNOG^PaQ]YP`GE.I]YJKL^WG���/NkOYHJKJHKHLYJR]Z^]YGWHI\GGKIG^GYJPYH^JKL�j]Z^J_H^GIZHKIHYGHHKI[JGZINWHI\GGKIGRYGHNJKL.HLJKLSHRWJKGY[RP]ZIKg^\GYG`ZHRGI.HaaPYI
H\ZGaHYSRYGIJ^XHNKP^H_HJZH\ZG.HKISPN^aHYSNXGYGJKHIGG`aJKHK
RJHZRYJNJN�
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Vocabulary
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1. Basic Economics / T.S. Hailstones and F.V. Mastrianna. — Cincinnati,Ohio, 1992.
2. Contemporary Business, Louis E. Boone, David L. — 1986. — Curt (Sev-enth Edition).
3. Europe on the Move / Office for Official Publications of the EuropeanCommunities, 1998.
4. Annual Conference “Ukraine’s Economy in Transition”, 2002, EERC, Na-tional University of “Kyiv-Mohila Academy”.
5. The Role of Competition in a Market Economy / Ronco Consulting Corpo-ration, Agricultural Land Share Project Bulletin, 1999–2000.
6. Small Business Development Opportunities / Ronco Consulting Corpora-tion, Agricultural Land Share Project Bulletin, 1999–2000.
7. Industry Survey // Eastern Economist. — 2003. — Vol. 9.
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Contents
I. Introduction ................................................................................................ 3
II. Reading Tasks on Economics ................................................................... 4
Text 1. Modern world economy .................................................................... 4Text 2. Foreign aid ........................................................................................ 7Text 3. World trade ..................................................................................... 10Text 4. Monopoly and competition ............................................................. 13Text 5. The european union ........................................................................ 15Text 6. The european union member countries types of economy .............. 18Text 7. Ukraine’s economy in transition ..................................................... 21Text 8. Current economic relations between Ukraine and the EU. ............. 23Text 9. Economic growth in Ukraine .......................................................... 26Text 10. Small business development opportunities ..................................... 29Text 11. Machine building industry development strategy ........................... 32Text 12. Light industry survey ...................................................................... 35Text 13. Ukraine’s agriculture ....................................................................... 38Text 14. The need to restructure Ukraine’s collective
agricultural enterprises .................................................................... 39
Reference List .............................................................................................. 41
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ContentsI. Introduction II. Reading Tasks on Economics Text 1. Modern world economyText 2. Foreign aid Text 3. World tradeText 4. Monopoly and competition Text 5. The european union Text 6. The european union member countries types of economyText 7. Ukraine’s economy in transition Text 8. Current economic relations between Ukraine and the EUText 9. Economic growth in UkraineText 10. Small business development opportunitiesText 11. Machine building industry development strategyText 12. Light industry survey Text 13. Ukraine’s agriculture Text 14. The need to restructure Ukraine’s collective agricultural enterprises
Reference List
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