alukahapi.alukah.net/books/files/book_8984/bookfile/qasses.pdf · ~* ot@ § ˜¿q — . : ~zt
Post on 06-Aug-2020
6 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
sZ[!=(*?
<zSz(H@Q<(jFO*O
1www.alukah.net
2www.alukah.net
SzTz?sZ[G}!=+9A(GyGRAGyD9yE)
sZ[!=(*?
<zSz(H@Q<(jFO*O
EfOGOh@Jt+uO.V+Q*#y=+>L(QV+O
|QGFg?yj(*?C.$+9ev9|{f+A9!,LW(a
|QGFg?@Q<(*?OvA(QL9yOGyZ}OjG}SA9PIf=z?<T9WF}g?
G}SA9PIQ*}9|J}OGyjRGd
|QGFg?VQf+?OvA(QY;MGyM9yOj
3www.alukah.net
It(bGya=h|Jq(c?
Gya=g?G}hy)
1438$vvvvv2017e
4www.alukah.net
@tO*~
<tz~:�.�—���q¿˜�§���
G E$JuQHG c. $1)G r.F"k2#Eu%t9.1-G $o21):
o[\]^_‘abcdefghij:3p[0vvvvvv.Ovvvvvvm:3].hCkvvvvvYvvvvv"oG vvvvvVvvvvv0IhC8vvvvv%7
G vvv9vvvPvvv!vvv1vvv%bvvv!vvv/Ovvv1vvvJ&vvv.#vvvEvvv$vvvJ,Dvvv2vvv1vvv3QHG vvvcvvv. vvv$vvv1vvv),hGvvv.8vvv%G$&vvv2vvv1vvv.AhG vv$vvLOvv!vv1vv),G vvKj>vvcvv!vv-GuC
oOrvv.nIkDvvPvv(vv7,hq
ovvJr
hnIk
Uvv. vvEvv7 vv!vv$vv&#vv(vv1vv),hbvv!vv/B vvv-hCUvvvEvvv.1vvv-G vvvfovvvLqG vvv$vvv1vvv.#vvv1vvv),hG$1vvv\vvv.dG vvv$ovvv2vvvL6R0vvv),G vvvK0vvv)UvvvJq
6vvv.GQOvvv.d
G v!6v-p|,hB#v(v.G1v-,hBhnhrgoh&vVvLhg,h&vSvLhGO0v(v-,h#nv)8
nv2pvcnv,ov%1v(DvPv.fE v/
0.eG J0),h<gO:
kv(fq
G v\vlv"nG v$vPv!v%nG v1v.e,0v9vcvL6V v9v.>v1v-#ov(rvEnvLpamkv21v1v,nv9pv-ph#ov?v9v$vcv-,
kv.Ov.Fv"oG)bv0e8nv2ov=
7G vP
7v$v.enhG/&vEvLGkv.JpG vHov!ovrv1v7,hQokvrv.AoG vPv.A#pv)D
nv.r pv-0ovv&;
8vvLhfkvv2Ovv!vv.tvv-h8vvVvvLqkvv.8vv-hCkvvuvv.Qg,h#vv(vv.+vv@
oG vv96vvcvv!vv1vv%p
1nvvcvv1vvJIltvv"qG vv2vvcvvJbvv)
8vcv. v1v%Q1qv(v.Ov2vEv.&v-h8vcv. v/,hOp0v(v-pG vEv(v1vm,hUpvLG[pv-G v$vPv9vrv1v%,h+v.0v9v!vrqv/8L117G.[,7h8.>1,.
k#(ELk.
k.
#v)+v(v.tv.f vMG#v.k
bv!v/tv"#vPv!v%ev1v.Q#v)C+v"G v9vL1v1v7hG v9vcv!v1v%,Cf0ov. v2G+v9v$v.#nv-$[vlv.dG v$vPv!v$v1v),kv1ov(rvrpvK
n+v%#v)O
ov2ov"G vfpv.G0v7hG vYv0 v7,1v(vSvL
G vHv1vLhG vlvYv1v!v71v1v(v,v%,hG v$v2v.O+G vrv.0v$v7,hG$Gv0bG v$vPv9vEvPv(v7; v1v(vSv&hG
5www.alukah.net
bvv!vv/G)0vv$vv.fhG vv9vvrvv.i,kvv,vv%>vv1vv"G vv$vvPvv9vvrvv2vv",hEPGC+vv$vv!vv(vv.+vv%G vv1vv.eXvv.bvv.GevvvJG
k,h8vvv!vvvrqvvvlvvv9vvv,vvv%C0vvvJjRvvv1vvv.[vvv1vvv)G vvv?vvv)hG)&vvvQ,hCUvvv2vvvEvvv.GCbvvvJGAk vvvJ0vvv(vvv,vvv%
hGo
#q9,%.
h vv1vvQCn
hrqnvvdo
kvv2&vvlvvQG vv\vvlvv"#vv)G vvrnvvVnvvWp,kvv,vv.COvv!vv.H#ovvE
nvv26vv3E vv1vv-,0vvPvv9vvLbvv2G&vv9vv2vv.+vv-,hqvvJChQOG vv!
6vv-o8vvcvv. vv/kvv2G vvrvvLBfG vvuvvL0vv%q
nvvVnvvW
ntvv<vv1vvLm#vv)
G$&v2v1v.A,ev(v1qv71v. vcpv2nvLhG vJQhSG v9vL1v.0v7hG)0v$v.&v1v7,1vcv1vJIbv)G v.+v%hG vHv1v.d
hG vHvLGkv7,8vVv!vF v9vL1v1v7C1v(v.AG v$vPv!v$v1v)G v9vL1v1v7G vVv. vEv7G v(v.kvcv7,bv!v/G)0v$v.fhG$Gvv0bG vvrvv.0vv$vv7,kvvrvv.#vv:G$Gvv:G vvJtvv9vv.QIRvv1vvL0vv)Gvv.QRvv1vvJ1vvVvv1vv.evv9vv,vv.1v#Ov!v.H#ov2nvP
6v]m#ovEv26v3m
v!v(6vSrv-G vVvfv1vL,#vcv9v$vJIkv2CGvKCDvJG;v,v.bv!v/tv9v3
G vv9vvlvvPvv1vvLG vv$vv.;vv.qvv7,hG>vv9vv(vv.HG)OvvLGFvv1vv!vv1vv.J,kvv?vv.AJDnvvP
nvv(vv71vv#Ovv!vv.1vv,vv.,#vv.;qvvrvv7
1vvv$vvvcvvv!vvv.#vvv.8vvv,vvv.,kvvv?vvvMG+vvv.G vvv!6vvv-oGvvv1vvvLG vvv?vvvMGA,hC;vvv.1nvvv,vvv.bvvv!vvv/#vvv.qvvvJ
6#vvv9vvv-$[vvvlvvv.d
G $P!$1)#)G1Lb$1%,hGu#)hQGAG rVJ.
hG vvEvv$vvJouCh/k
hBGvvLGk
,hUvv!vv/GuhOvv!qvv%h1vv.Qcbvv!vv/Ovv1vvJ&vv.h#vv./&vv.
#E$J#oc!8
%G H1L.
N N N N N N
6www.alukah.net
@tO*~
<tz~�.��¼§t�q¿·zr¼q¿ r¿��
fgh
EfG vvEvv$vvJu,&vvEvv$vvJgh&vvPvv9vvcvv1vv(vv-,h&vv9vv.HE vv1vv-h&vvPvv9vvfvvlvvLg,h&vvcvv.P1vv.u
#vv)RvvLhQC&vvlvvPvv(vv.,h#vv)Ovv1vv,vv.JCbvv$vv. vv(vv.,#vv)0vv,vvJGukvv0#vvYvv" vv-,h#vv)0vvvvYvvvv!vvvv"kvvvv0+vvvv.Oj vvvv-,hCRvvvv,vvvvJCf/E vvvvvsv-E/Gu,hDvvvvJg/RvvvvL0vvvvv vvvv-,hCRvvv,vvvJCf#vvvEvvv$vvvJG
kbvvv2vvvJghQOvvv. vvv-,Uvvv!vvv.GJGuhOvvv0#vvv-bvvv!vvv1vvv-,hbvvv!vvv/B vvv-
hUE2-C>$c1).
C|9<gO:
kvv(fGuG vvcvv!vv1vv%G vvEvvuvv1vv%0vvcvv!vv%C+vv$vv1vv7G vvrvvVvvWkvv2Dvv1vv.IG vv(vv.S,hkvv28vvLOvv1vvIG vvrvv1vv%hG vvlvvYvv.Fvv"kvv1vv,vv%,hkvv28vvrvvJ0vv%G vvcvv!vv%hG vv$vvcvvLkvv7E vv1vv,vv%,hkvv28L119,%h8.>1,,%h8,K02,%h8r.0$,%,hk2b2.O8,%h[.b9,%.
h vvvK vvvvChQOtvvv<vvv1vvvLGk
#vvv)G vvvrvvvVvvvWG vvv,vvv.Oakvvv2G vvvrvvvLBf,hRvvvfvvv"P vvvv
G vvrvvVvvW#vvuvv.&vv.k
hGOvvcvv.k
kvv1vv-,htvv.f#vv)C+vv%#vvYvv.#vv1vv)h#vv.Xvv.bvv.JG!0vv.J
G uL0$.J.
hG vvrvvVvvWkvv2G vvrvvLBfqvvVvvW+vv.Oa,0vvLGO#vv(vv-8vvEvvrvv1vvsevv.0vv.JOvv.#vv1vv7,
7www.alukah.net
hC+vvJGabvv. vv1vv7,hqvvJeG vvrvvLBf#vv)Gvv0dqvvVvvVvv-#vv.0vvL0vvJ8vvrvvJ0vv$vv-#vv)G vv$vvcvv.&vv2hG c!.ehG Er.FshG $2.O+,hG 9.>1,.JhG J//J.
htvvvv.&vvvv:G vvvvrvvvvVvvvvWG vvvv$vvvvKtvvvv.QIkvvvv2G vvvvrvvvvLBf#vvvv1vvvvJG&vvvv.k
hGOvvvvcvvvv.k
vvvv!vvvvJGQOvvvv1vvvv)hG vv2vv.Dvv<vv1vv),hG vv$vvlvvPvvL0vv)hG vv$vvEvv!vv!vv1vv),Dvv1vv=Cqvv2vv"tvv<vv1vvLhfbvv!vv/8vv!vvvG vvrvvVvvW
h&_LhGk1,.,hkPLh+.hD!!.+.,hbLX.+.hGO9(2\.G#(,.@@
hUvvJQJtvv9vv3tvv<vv1vvLIDvv.dG vvrvvVvvWG vvrvvLB&vv2,htvv.fCtvv<vvL8vv!vvvG vvuvv9vv3
kv2+vKGG vcvVvL,G vKjRv,vJEqv2v./k
Gv.Uv.k
#v)G v2v.Dv<v1v)hG v$v& vlv1v)bv!v/G vrvLBfhqvvVvvVvv-,hUvvJQJbvvSvvLGJG vvuvv9vv3G vvHvv.Uvv71vv. vvrvvVvvWG vvrvvLB&vv2,h8vvcvvJOJ
G vv$vv(vv.+vv@,hGGvv9vv!vvlvv:G$OvvQ,h8vv(vv.bvv:G/>vv9vv,vv.OGJ,htvv<vvLJG vv9vvEvv!vv1vv0J@@hG8vvPvvcvv:G vvPvv.Dvv7G vvcvv!vv$vv1vv7 vvuvv"8vv!vvvG vvuvv9vv3hG vv$vv& vvlvv.J.hkvv1vv,vv.#vv)G vvHvv1vvLhG vv(vvlvvd#vv.kvv1vv,vv.,hz vvuvv"h>vv,vv7+vv.#vv. vv1vv,vv.y,hCUvvEvv.1vv,vv.#vv#>vv.Qhfbvv(vvJGu,EfR.AGu@@
h+vvKgG vvPvv!vvPvv!vv7G vv9vv2&vvrvvJe vv,vv. vv1vvPvv:G vvcvv$vv"G$hdG vv$vv9vvcvv!vvs1vv. vvrvvVvvW
G vrvLB&v2,h v)8vuv.fG$Gv1vL,kvrvJOv2vrv-tv9v3bvJ0vJI,G>v9v,vJkv1v,v.CUvEv.1v,v.,hqvvJ#vv.G#vv.kvv1vv-G vvHvv1vvLhG vv(vvlvvdhG vvlvv.FvvJI,hOvv9vv#8vv2tvv9vv3CGvvLikvv2G vv$vvPvv9vvrvv2vv",8vv2vvEvv=h8vvEvv!vv",h8vvJQSh8vv.>vv-,h8vvSvv1vvLh8vvPvv9vv(vv2vv],hOvv1vv2vvrvv/G vvrvvLBf#vvlvv9vv.Dvv.
k
C#v.eG v(v.^vL0v)hG v$vEv!v!v1v),hOv9v2vrv/qvVvVv-#v.OI;vL0v7ev(v1v7,0vrv2v"bv!v1v,v.tv"Pj8vHvVvW,h0v?vJkv1v,v.#v.0vL0vJh+vKG#v)#v_v.+vLEbv?v.RG vrvLBf,G vKj/
0S2d#(-G c!$.AhG 2.D<.f,b!/GG90a8HVV.8,%hG+9$.#.8,%@@
G v?v1vJkv2+vKgG vPv!vPv!v7G vrvVvVv1v7G v9vL1v.0v7G v,v.Okv7,G v9v2CbvJ8v,v.G$Gv:
G vvlvv.Xvv!vv7zRvv1vvL0vv)Gvv.QRvv1vvJyC&vv,vv.Ovv!vvuvv:COvv!vv.HzG vvEvv.GQyG vvcvv!vv$vv2G vv9vvL1vv.jG vv,vv.Oa,h vv1vvQCOvv!vv.HG vvPvvLOG vvLhGFvv2,ChG vv(vv_vvLG vv9vvEvv!vv1vv!vv2,ChG vv9vv.>vv1vv-G/Ovv9vv(vv2vv.[vv2@@hqvvJOvv2vvsCfCRvvL&vv.E vv/8vvcvvJOG vv$vv(vv.+vv@G vv$vvlvv1vvJIkvv2OQGOvv7
G rVWG rLB&2zh u"h>,7l
+.#. 8
1,.@@@y.
G v?v1vJkv2bv$v"G$Gv:Gv.QRv1vJh+v.8vrvJ0v%+vKgG vPv!vPv!v7G v9vL1v.0v7#v)
8www.alukah.net
Gvv0dCOvvLI#vvPvv!vv$vv7#vv!vv9vvM#vv7,#vvcvv!vv$vv7h#vv9vvcvv!vv$vv7,h#vv9vvLG1vv\vv7h#vv9vv$vv.Ovvuvv7.E&vv,vv.COvLIzC1v2CDv$vJy,G v9v2CQGOJG$Gv:Cf8vuv.f&v$v.P>v.
k v%OvLIG v$vPv!v$v7,
G vv9vv28vv?vv!vvQbvv!vv/#vv.FvvJIG vvrvvLBf,h8vv#GvvK#vv(vv,vv.G vvcvv!vv%hG vv$vvcvvLkvv7,hG vv9vv.>vv1vv-hG 9L117.
C1vv.CDvv$vvJ0vvcvv$vv"h0vv.>vv-,hCeCDvv$vvJ8vvcvv$vv"h8vvcvv!vv%h8vvEvv!vv",hG)Gvv.IG vvv<vvv0;vvv7CDvvv$vvvJh>vvv$vvv1vvv"hOvvv.#vvv20vvvPvvv$vvvcvvv.fh0vvv9vvv!vvvrvvv.f,h0vvv9vvv.1vvvcvvv.fh0vvvEvvv.hQhf,
h0v(v.qvSv.fh0vEv!v!v.f.0vPv#dG$1v(v.A1v#OH,h0v9v!vrv.fG v?v.GH#v)CDvJG$1v.0v),h0vv9vvEvv.hQG vv?vv$vv1vvdbvv!vv/#vv.FvvJIG vv\vvcvv.eChkvv2>vv!vvPvv7G/Ovv9vvLGDvv7,Ch0vvrvv.#vv.f1vvvLDvvv!vvv71vvvcvvv1vvvJIChqvvvL0vvv2vvv7@@h+vvvJaG vvv?vvv$vvv1vvvd+vvv.G vvv.qvvv.a#vvvdqvvvVvvvWG vvvrvvvLBf#9c!$1)h#E!!1)@@
1vJC&v.#vdCOvLIC1v2CDv$vJkv2G vEv!vrv7G$h v/#v)+vKgG vPv!vPv!v7G v\v1v2v7,h8vvvv.1vvvvcvvvv(vvvv.G vvvv?vvvv!vvvvPvvvv.JG vvvvcvvvv.Fvvvv!vvvv1vvvv7#vvvvd+vvvvKgG$OvvvvLI,h#vvvv.kvvvv1vvvv,vvvv.#vvvv)Dvvvv.GQGJ
hOvv&G/J,h>vv!vvPvv(vv.#vvdG$OvvLI1vvHvv1vv. vv(vv.h+vv28vv9vvEvv.hQ,hOvvL&vv.#vvdCkvvLGO+vv.h+vvv%0vvvPvvv1vvvLhf,hGQ8vvvEvvv!vvv(vvv.#vvvcvvv,vvv%h+vvv%0vvvL8vvvEvvv!vvv.f,hGOvvv9vvvlvvvJ&vvv.#vvvcvvv,vvv%h+vvv%0P9l1Jhf,h8c!$(.#c,%h+%09c!$.f.
hG vvvv?vvvv1vvvvJkvvvv2+vvvvKgG vvvvPvvvv!vvvvPvvvv!vvvv7G vvvv(vvvv.kvvvvcvvvv7C&vvvv,vvvv.8vvvvcvvvv.#vvvv!vvvv:#vvvvdG vvvvrvvvvVvvvvW
G vvrvvLB&vv21vv$vv(vv,vv?vv1vv7,Dvv1vv=DvvLUvv:G$Gvv:zRvv1vvL0vv)ybvv!vv/G vv2vvrvv.A#vvdG vvrvvLBfG uL0%,h+289EJKb)qVV-,h %8HLLE/E /CD.O0=QO.dGu|
G vVvEv1vEv7,hG v?v1vJkv2bv$v!v,v.C&v,v. v%8vKtvLRv1v,v.k
#v)G)OvLGFv1v!v1v.JhG$Gv2v.Q
e1LG VE1E7,h+2G 92/O 1"b!1,.#)G rLBfhG EJ0=G VE1F.
hDvvvLUvvv:G$Gvvv:kvvv2#vvv.Ovvv?vvv!vvv9vvv,vvv%#vvv)Dvvv.GQGJCkvvvLGOG$OvvvLIbvvv!vvv/G vv9vvLtvv1vvMbvv!vv/G$1vvcvv.OG vvcvv!vv$vv1vv7hG vv9vvL1vv.0vv7,hG)0vvEvv.A vvrvvLGA+vvKgG vvPvv!vvPvv!vv71vv#f
0u.&.Gt#OLIC12CD$J,1$.k1,.#)#c!$1)h#9c!$1)@@
h vvrvvJCtvvL#vv9vv(vv2G$Gvv:G vvlvv.Xvv!vv7zRvv1vvL0vv)Gvv.QRvv1vvJy#vvL8vv1vv):#vvLIbvv(vvJ#vv.
9www.alukah.net
bvLXv:bv!v2q+vKgG vPv!vPv!v7qv2v"&vSvL+v.,kvrvLC8v,v.hGOv9vlvJJ#v(v,v..h#vLICGvLi
b(J#.[!2:#(2G 9rJ0% ,.,k?MG+.GuG1LGk.
h&vvPvv#dGu vv,vvKGG vvcvv$vv"G vvrvv2vv.d,h vv%Gvv9vv1vv)G$>vvLhG vv<vv.GH,h vv!vvrvvLGAG l.FJIhG $cLk7.
hYz)Gufz)S+O!9|J}Ohfz)By&hYJ=&hSz~
G/;(1)10#ELe1428
GyOvA(QY;Mf=OGyqA9MGyM9yOj
N N N N N N
10www.alukah.net
fgh
O.L9yOGyZ}OjQF+UGy}QvRGy}jQ<,yzOQGS9JhG}<J9KGyAQ<(*?
hG vVv0IhG vPv0eG$8v$v.fG$tvL#v.fbv!v/Gv1vLG v$vHv!v.qv.JOv1vJ&v.#vEv$vJhb!/B -hUE2-hO!%8P!1$.
kt<1LG
kE /0.eG J0);C|9<gO:
kvv(fG vv$vvcvvLkvv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv71vv$vv)GuhkvvYvv!vv-8vvcvvLaE&vv9vv.>vv.k
hG&vv9vvSvv.QGk
evv1vvL#vvPvv2vv.b1vvlvvcvv">vv,vv.OG$#vv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7kvv2G vv9vvcvvL0vvm1vv9vvLG;vv,vv.h8vv.Q0vvHvv,vv.1vvSvv9vv/G vv.Ovv.Fvv"hG vv\vvLbG vvEvvJ0vv<vv7,htvv.&vv:G vvcvv(vv.0vv71vv. vvrvvLBfG vvuvvL0vv%hG vvPvv(vv7G vv$vv\vv,vvLIqvvLGAIhkvv,vv$vv.
khGOvv9vv!vv,vv.#vv.
kh8vvL8vv1vv0
kbvv!vv/QCS+vvKGG vv$vv(vv9vv.LG vvYvvHvv%,P vvv$f
G v.Dv20vcv9v2vLG v2v.Uv!v7G v$v.>v,v7 vuv"8vlvuv1vLEOv0#v20v(vSvJG v9vcvLabv!v/G vuv.fhGv. vrv-hOv(v)8vJ1v1vLgh8vPv1v1vLghGOv9vSvLGaBkv.qv-h#vcvLkv7#vVv1vLg,hG v.Uv.d#v)Gvv0dtvv"P vvvE vv/bvv2vv.OIG vv.GDvvJG$DvvJG vvlvvLOG vvVvv$vvJG vvKj vv%0vv!vvJh vv%0v. vJh v%0vuv) v-tvlv&GCDvJ,kv9v!vvG vfv.0v7G vuv2vLi vuv"bv!v%,hG vcv!v%G vKj
/0.U"E /Gub!%C19L.
h+vvKgG vvLD0vv7G vvuvv.&vv1vv7 vv!vv$vvcvvLkvv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7 vv1vvPvv:#vv)Gvv.GUG vv2vvEvv=
G$tv.O0v$v2tv$v.qvJ0vcv9vrvJG v2vcvZ,h vuv(v,v.Rvcv.QhEDvPv.ShE0v$v.f0vL1v/kv2G vvv(vvvlvvv.S#vvv(vvvKCf0vvv<vvvfvvvLG$[vvvlvvv.dkvvv(vvvcvvv!vvv$vvv,vvv%/E vvvvsv-E/Gu,hDvvv1vvv.I0vvvEvvv1vvv.+vvv.G)&vvPvv.fh0vvcvv1vvT#vvcvv,vv.kvv2tvv"DvvLtvv.8vv-hOvvuvv(vv.8vv-kvv2tvv"#vvLGDvv"bvv$vvLgDvv1vv)0vvEvvJO&vv1vv9vv-h#vvrvvVvvJgh+vvJkvv-kvv2G vvEvv1vv.Ihh>vv,vv9vv-,hevv.0vv7bvv!vv/qvvJQtvv2vv1vvL#vv)
11www.alukah.net
G vPv$v.0v(v2vfv2Cf0vSv9vfv"1v,v.G v$vL1v.fh+v%0v(vrv!v.fE v/G$>v1v.dGv0Uv7G vlvuvL
hbvVv.QIG v9v?vL1v7G)Ov0#v1v7,h0v(v$v.fG)DvPv.S1vrvJQIGuhbv_v$v9v-kv2&vlv.S
G vv(vv.Rvv,vv7Dvv9vv/8vvSvv3bvv!vv/G vv\vv.bvv7h8vv(vvlvvL#vv)G vv$vvcvvVvv1vv7,h8vv?vvJOG vvcvvMebvv!vv/Cf8$Y2k2&lQG JQH.
E/C&v(v.h&vEv)&v9v.bE v/#v(v9v.LEOv0#v20v(vrv"+vKgG v(vlvEv.JG vL1v.&v1v7E v/G$[vvlvv.d,#vv)Gvv0d8vv9vv2vvdG vv$vv(vv9vv.LG vv$vvcvvLkvv2G)Ovv0#vv21vvVvvlvv7bvv.#vv7,&vv0Dvva
CfG vvHvv\vv.HG)Ovv0#vv2G vv$vv.>vv- vv!vv\vvlvv"0vvuvv.O0vvuvv.fXvv.#vvLG,hG vv9vv.>vv-E vv1vv-hG/Rvv9vvfvv.d1vv-hG)&vv9vv.Lkvv1vv-/0vvcvvLaG/Ovv9vv$vvLGQhG/Ovv9vvrvvLGQ,h+vvKGG vv$vv(vv9vv.LG)Ovv0#vv20vvcvv.&vv2E vv/>vv.&vv3G vvVvvcvv.1vv.JG vv$vv.O0vv7#vv)#vvVvv.bvv3bvv!vv$vv1vv7h8vvL1vv.0vv70$u)E>$. ,.k2:
EbvvJe8vv.kvvsG vvuvv<vv1vvL#vv)G vv$vvSvv9vvfvv!vv1vv)1vv. vv<vvrvv.kvv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7G vv$vv.>vv,vv7 vv!vv\vvlvv"kvv28vvEvv.0vv"G vv$vv.OIG vvcvv!vv$vv1vv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7E vv/#vv.OI8vvL1vv.0vv78vv(vvrvv"G vvrvv1vv%hG vv$vv2vv.O+
hG$G0bhG $<"G c!1.E /G$[l.dCt<L#$.8(r"E 1,%G $c!.#.J.
EG)evLGbkv2G v9v.Q0vI#v$v.0v?vcv"G v\vlv"0vcv9vrvJCfG v<vrv.kv7G)Ov0#v1v78vEvm
#)G $.X2h/b0q7 ,.1. .Gqdh/1. E.XL.
Eev1v.HCOv. v1v3G v9vSv.0vshG);v.QIG v9v20v$v1v"E v1v,v.G v\vlv"bv.OIkv2#v<v"+vKGG P),#$.0?c!-0(9r"E /G 2JGF"G $9.D7C#.#-h+2t<1LIh#9cJOI.
E8vvrvvJ0vv%G vv.bvv1vvJbvv!vv/G vv.bvvJhG vv9vvEvvK0vvLbvv!vv/G vv9vv2vvSvv1vvLkvv2bvvLVG vv$vvSvv.+vvJhG vvrvvVvvWhG vvEvv.GOKG vv$vv9vvcvv!vvrvv71vv. vvrvvVvvWG)Ovv0#vv2#vv$vv.0vv?vvcvv"G vv\vvlvv"0ScL1#fG H.aEDP.S#0Re !<r.k7G)O0#17.
EGRv9v$v. v-bv!v/#vlv.+v1v%ev1vL#v(v.Ov2v7 v!v\vlv"1v.bv9v2v.Q+v.#vlv.+v1v%#v?vLOIbvVv2bv!v1v-GOv9v1vcv.1v,v.hkv,v$v,v.kv2v.$DvLi8vlv.bv!v-#vcv,v.Dv1v)/8vrvLHE v1v-1v(v$v.PLhC#<!7#EP.O7#P.bJIb!/G l,%hG)OQGc.
tvv"+vvKgG vv$vv0Dvv_vv.Jhevv1vvL+vv.8vvEvv.dOhf8vvEvvrvv1vvsG vv$vvrvv.UvvJG vvPvv.#vv1vv7#vv)
12www.alukah.net
G vvuvv9vv.1vv.JG)Ovv0#vv1vv7G vv$vv.>vv,vv7 vv!vv\vvlvv",h8vvlvvPvvFG vv$vv?vv.dhGOvvcvv.C#vv.eG$[vvlvv.d
v!v9v.>v-E v/G v$v(v9v.LG vfvL1v2G v.GkvJE v1v-1v. v!vfv7G$>v(v2v1v7,ChG v$v9vL>v%E v/G vcvL1v1v71vvEvv$vv. vv9vv-G vv<vvrvv.kvv1vv7hG vvrvv1vv$vv1vv7,Ch0vv9vv.>vv-E vv/GOvv9vv,vv0c#vv.0vvLhLkvv2G vvPvv.b#vv)CO1vv1vv.J0vv\vvfvv/bvv!vv1vv,vv.[vv.1vvdG vv9vv?vv.QIhG);vv.QI,hG vv9vv2/8vv(vv_vvLE vv/G vvEvv.>vv1vv.J
G vEvrv1vrv1v7 v!v\vlv"1vrvJQ#v.8v(v_vLE v/G vL1vFG v$v.OjG vcv.>v".h8vcv$v"bv!v/8vLOv1vIqv1v%Dv3G vKGJhDv3G vPv1v\vLIhG vcv(vmhG v$vfv.#vLIhG v$v.Gqvmev1vLG v.Gqvcv1v7hDvYv.QOv!v\v7G vHv1v.d,#v$v.0v&;vLOv!v2v.bv!v/&vlvPv1v7hbvrv!v1v7G v\vlv"kv2v̂Lkv1v7DvL>v78v9vSvuv"k1,.#l.+1$-h8V.QG8-hq(.b.8-b)&lP-hb)#E1\-h#?9$c-@
h/R vv(vv.kvv2G vvcvv. vv%G)Ovv0#vv2&vv9vv\vv!vvdE vv/8vvLGtvv%G vv9vv?vv.QHkvv2G vv$vv(vv9vv.LG v9vL1v.jG)Ov0#v2G v$v.>v- v!v\vlv"hG v$v(v.Ov3 vrv1v%hDvYv.QI#v?v9v$vcv(v.,0v9v?v.hR
G vv$vvcvv1vvrvv.JG vvPvv. vvlvv7G vvKtvvL,h0vv(vv.kvvQ#vv.0vv.>vvJkvv2G vvPvv.Dvv7G)bvv0#vv1vv7hG vvrvv.kvv1vv7,hkv2+vKGG vPv1v.bG[v!vcv(v.bv!v/+vKgG v9v?vL1v7G vfv(v1v7G v9v2hUv!v9v(v.#v) v2v(v.f8vPvcv/E vvv/8vvvEvvvrvvvs#vvv.0vvvVvvv2vvv.E vvv1vvv-G!1vvv.A#vvv)1vvvJ0vvv"EOvvv0#vvv28vvvL1vvv.j0vvvrvvvLHG vvv$vvvcvvvLkvvv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7E vv/C1vv(vv.Fvv,vv%,hkvv2&vvlvvQG vv.qvv:0vvEvv9vvLeG$OvvQG vvcvv!vv$vv1vv7hG vvlvv(vv1vv7hG v9vL1v.0v7G vYvLhQ0v7kv2G vuv9v.1v.JG)Ov0#v1v7G v$v.>v,v7 v%[vlv.d,1vcv(v.GfzqvVvW
&2.07y#)E&?.RG l.X!7G$O9.PIRL0)G.QR1J.
kvrvJbvSv:#vd+vKgG v9v?vL1v7#vEv.h/CfC8vrv$vW&vlvPv1v7G v\vlv"G v$v9v!vrv2Dvv9vv/CDvvQ1vv2vvcvvZG$;vvLG vv$vv(vv9vv_vvLCf0vvEvvJK vvJiG vv\vvlvv"h+vv.0vvrvvLCqvvVvvW
G$&vv2vv1vv.A,h1vvcvvrvv!vv1vv7G vv$vvSvv9vvfvv"1vv. vv9vvL1vv1vv7Dvv9vv/CDvv!vv"COvv. vv1vv3hCO1vv1vv.JG vvHvv\vv.H
G vvKj8vv%Gbvv9vv$vv.Ogkvv2Uvv1vv.evv7+vvKGG vvcvv$vv"hGvv0Uvv7P vvvC&vv(vv2Gtvv9vvSvvlvv:kvv2;(.0.gG HV.FWG!817:
E8vv.kvvsG vvuvv.8vv2vv7G vvlvv.Xvv!vv7kvv28vvEvvrvv1vvs#vvcvv.O vv7G vv9vv.Q0vvIkvv2G vv.Gqvvd,hG vv(vv?vv.M
kvv2GGvv9vv2vv.QG vvEvvJ0vv=bvv)G vv$vv.Xvv2kvv2Ovv1vv.bG vvEvv.XvvL#vv)Gvv0dG vv9vvcvv.#vv"#vvvdCOvvvLI(C1vvv2CDvvv$vvvJ)h+vvv28vvvcvvv1vvvT vvvEvvv_vvv.JG vvvrvvvLfG vvv.GDvvvJhG vvvcvvvSvvvL0vvv)h8vv9vvEvvLckvv2kvvYvv.A8vv&OvvPvv,vv-G vv9vvuvv(vv. vv.>vv1vv.,hkvv2G!f&vvlvvPvv-8vvPvv9vv!vv,vv%G vvrvv1vv%
13www.alukah.net
hG vv$vv2vv.O+hG$Gvv0b#vv)8vv.Q0vvIOvv1vvLIG$&vv2vv1vv.AG$Uvvlvv1vv.A.h+vvKGG$Ovv!vv.H
G vvv?vvvJ0vvvJ#vvv)Rvvv#&vvv-Cf0vvv?vvvcvvv"G$[vvvlvvv.d0vvv(vvv_vvvLhf1vvv(0vvv?vvv.1vvv1vvv7E vvv/G vvv$vvvcvvvLkvvv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7 vv$vv. vv,vv.#vv)G&vvcvvuvv.Ovv.J#vv2vv.RvvLIbvv!vv/G vv9vv\vv2vv1vvsG vvcvv$vv!vv2,OhfEevLGbkv2G v9v.Q0vICh8vrvJ0v%#v<v. v1v.J0vVvcv3#v?v.QG8v,v.hG/qv9vJGA1v,v.kv2&_L1cY,%.
EG$Ovv!vv.HG vvrvvVvvVvv2G vv9vvlvv.bvv!vv2G vvKjtvv9vv31vv-+vvKGG vv$vv(vv9vv.LG vv9vvL1vv.jG vv?vv1vvJ#vv)Rvv#&vv-Cf0vvSvvJG vv\vvlvv"E vv/#vv9vv.1vvcvv7G vvrvvLGAI,kvv2bvv. vv%0vv?vvJkvv1vv-G vv\vvlvv"&vvlvvPvv-C#vv.eB/aG vvHvv1vv.QGJG)bvv0#vv1vv7G vv?vvKG1vv7hG vv$vvfvvL0vv7#vv)kvvYvv.Fvv1vv.J
hC c.Hk1J0.Qq$17h#.GqdE u9Lh&17b!/R2u7G/&9L&1:.
E0vPv9vEvYvLG v$v(v9v.LG$1vcv.OG v(vlvPv1v7hG v.>vJG&v1v7hG vcv.[vlv1v7 v!v\vlv"h0vPv9v<v$vL+v.k28E213h8rL03qVWG$&21.A1Su"#2P]h0P1L.
E0vEvQG v\vlv"G vrv.Q+CfCDvJGKG vrvVv78vPv.bvJg1vPv,v. v7bv!v/Gtv9vSv.aDv!v.d v$vSv.tv"kvLO0v7ChG>v9v$v.bv1v70vcv1vSv,v.kv2hGqvcv-h+v.#v.&vPv$v1v-1v.v̂1vlv1v7G vrvVv7,
h+.G 2cJG Kjq"#.&?Jgk2G u9.1.JG $.>,7 %[l.d.
E0v(v$v2+vKGG v$v(v9v.LG v(vlvQG vEv.GQjhG v9v.GUv!v2OGGv"G$OvLIbv!v/COv.S
G vvvrvvv1vvv%G)Ovvv0#vvv1vvv7h8vvv(vvv9vvvrvvv"#vvvcvvv-Ovvv!vvv\vvv7G$1vvv.0vvv)#vvv)G vvvM>vvvLhG$#vvvLE vvv/G vv9vv.>vv1vv-,h0vvSvv9vvLctvv"CkvvLGOG$OvvLIkvv2G8vvHvv.PG vvrvvLGQ1vv(vv.Abvv!vv/G vvEvvuvv$vv7hG v$vSv.QIhG$Gv0bG vcv. v1v7G v9v2>v.A1v,v.G$&v2v1v.An1v$v.bvLabv(v,v%#)U2Lh8E$"hC&.Ih82VL.
EG vvEvvLUbvv!vv/UvvJbG vv$vvcvvLkvv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7G vv$vvrvvJ#vv7hG vv9vv28vvcvv9vv$vvJBjG vvrvvLBfG vvcvv_vv1vv%h#vv.UvvF#vv)Ovv(vv7G vv(vv2vv2G vvuvvL0vv%,Ohf8vvEvv$vv1vv!vv,vv$vv.#vv)G vv$vvcvv.&vv2#vv.02cJb)G rVJh0M0Jb)G EJ.
8vv!vvuvv%1vvcvvZG/Ovv9vv(vv9vv.>vv.JG vv9vv28vv?vvcvv"+vvKGG vvcvv$vv"1vvEvv$vvJGu#vv9vv$vv1vvMGk
hQGFvJGk
hhGbvJGk
,&vPv#dGuCf0v?vcv"kv2#v1vMGfDvPv(v.JG v$v& vlv1v)hG v(v.RvL0v),hCf89!.gCb$.dCGLi8L1.07/8r">.OIhk.FJI,h1.uhG 9.k1s.
14www.alukah.net
@gQ*r<9ywA9H
fghG vvEvv$vvJuQHG vvcvv. vv$vv1vv)Dvv$vvJG
k0vv.Gkvv2&vvcvv$vv-h0vvuvv.kvv-#vvM0vvJg,hG vvVvv0I
hG vPv0ebv!v/Ov1vJG v$vLOv!v1v)Ov1vJ&v.#vEv$vJbv!v1v-GkvYv"G vVv0IhC8v%G v9vPv!v1v%hbv!v/1vrv1v7G$&v2v1v.AhG v$vLOv!v1v),hbv!v/tv"#v)G+v9vJi1v,vJ0v,v%E v/0v.eG vJ0v).h#vv)qvvVvvWG$&vv2vv1vv.A&vvrvv9vv2vvQGvv1vvLG vvHvv!vvsG vvuvvL0vv%hCkvvYvv"Uvvlvv.J8vvLXvv2Gu8c. /QHG c. $1).
*vvvAvvv"vvv9hdGyvvvwvvvAvvv9H:qvvvvVvvvvWG$&vvvv2vvvv1vvvv.A#vvvv) vvvvJfBOepE vvvv/Ovvvv1vvvvJ&vvvv.bvv1vvPvv/p,1vv#Ovv!vv.H8vvL1vv.j>vvJ0vvJ,0vv?vvKHG$[vvlvv.dE vv/#vv9vv.1vvcvv7qvvVvvW
G$&v2v1v.AhCGvKG vEvuv%hG vcv2vL#v(v,v.1v\vL0vrv7ev1vL#v2v.RvLIbv2vLCOvLI#vPv!v$v7#v!v9vM#v71$(,@Gu8c. /h#\2r7$Du.#-k2D1.8,.G 1.#17.
+vKGG vuv9v.H+v.>vMA#v)Ov!vPv!v7qvVvVv1v7qv.Fv$v7bv!v/1v(v.AG$[vlv.dbv!v/bvvrvv1vvJIUvvEvv1vvEvv7hevvLOvv,vv.kvv2&vvlvv.Ovv,vv%G vv2vvL0vv,vv7.kvv. vvrvv1vv%hG vvlvvYvv.Fvv"G/>vv9vv$vv.bvv1vv7q.F$7b!/COQbr.FJ07,O!1$7.
G vvvrvvvVvvv7G vvvcvvv.RvvvLI:&vvv2vvv1qvvv.GuEOvvv$vvv.bvvv1vvv"h vvv.Wo,G vvvrvvvVvvv7G vvvEvvv.O0vvv7bvvSvvLI:C&vv2vv1qvv.AGuEOvvEvv.bh0vvcvvrvv.Hh0vv.Ovvmn,hG vvrvvVvv7G vv<vv.&vv1vv7bvvSvvLI:
&vv2vv2qGu0vv.Ovvmp,hG vvrvvVvv7G vv<vv. vv<vv7bvvSvvLI:&vv2vv2qGu0vv.Ovvmp(kvv2G P?)),hG rV7G LG1c7bSLI:&22qGu0.Omp(bM0M#VL).
15www.alukah.net
G}$vvvOGa|vvv#@vvvzyvvv+vvvr$vvvPGGyvvvwvvvAvvv9H:>vvvcvvv"G vvvrvvv.Q+0vvvPvvv9vvv(vvv9vvv@h0vvvLiCfq
G)Ov0eO0v)tv.#v"#v9vuv.#v"0vfv\v2>v.G&v3G vEv1v.IG)&vPv.&v1v7tv!v,v..kv. vJ0v)#v(v,v@
Dvvv1vvv.IRvvv.#vvv!vvv7kvvv2G vvvJ&vvv1vvv.hG!GvvvLI.htvvv.&vvv:G vvvfvvv.0vvv7Ebvvv.OIG vvv\vvvlvvv"E vvv/G vvvEvvv1vvv.IG vvSvv.#vv!vv7G vv$vv9vvuvv.#vv!vv71vvEvvPvv3O0vv)GuNkvv2G vvJ&vv1vv.hG!GvvLI,h#vvJiUvv!vv9vv-1vv.uN vv1vvlvv.R1vvPvvcvv.OIG vvJGQ0vv).kvv$vv)Gvv0dCOvvLIEkvv9vvLGXvv1vv7+vv2COvvLIC1vv2CDvv$vvJ0vv9vvcvv!vv%G vv\vv. vv3C+vv$vv1vv7G$OvvLIG vv$vvPvv!vv$vv7G vv$vv!vv9vvM#vv71vv#hG#vvLGuhG vv$vv\vv2vvrvv7
$(,?-k2D1.8,.G 1.#17.
Gyvjv9*v?|v#@vzyv+vr$vPGGyvwvAv9H:&v_vLGk
v!v.GqvdG vKj&vcv1vSv-G v1v.e,hG1v9vcv.O
G vvv(vvv_vvv%G vvv9vvvL1vvv.0vvv7bvvv)G)Ovvv0eh8vvv.>vvv,vvv.8vvv-,h1vvvcvvvJG vvv2vvvEvvv=h#vvvLG>vvvcvvv7Ovvv1vvvLIQOv.dGu|,Gv.Uv7kv2G v$vLDv!v7G$h v/#v)1pvc
rv<nv9pv-p,hOQGOv7G vlv9vLI
G v9v28v!v9v,v.kv2G v$vJ0v(v7G v$v(v.QI,&v?vJC&v-tv.f vrnvVnvWpG$&v2v1v.A8v#;v1vLtv2v1vLkv2
1vv(vv.ARvvHvvVvv1vv7G vv$vvPvv!vv$vv1vv)G$hGFvv",G#vv9vvJC;vvL+vvKgG vvrvvVvvWbvv!vv/1vv(vv.AG vv$vvJ0vv(vv7G)Ovv0#vv1vv7,1vv(vv.AG vv(vv.GIG$h vv/hG$OvvQG vvEvv1vv.0vv7 vv$vv?vv9vv$vvd>vvJ0vvJkvv9vvEvvrvvrvv:
&2.A8-pD1)q.d:zL+QGy"9SsQ!,,C~qGyP*#*z(!n%o~r,...y.
h1vvcvvJ#vvLG>vvcvv7G vvPvv.QG vv$vvuvv1vv7,&vv?vvJCfq
GuNqvvWbvv!vv1vv(vv.kvv2G vvrvvLBfG vvuvvL0vv%G vvuvv<vv1vvL#vv)qvvVvvWG$&vv2vv1vv.A#vvdCqvv.G#vv,vv%,hqvvJRvvu
qvv"+vvKG>vvMAG
ktvv2vv1vvLG
k
#v)G vrvLBf.hqvJtv.f v!vrvVv7G$;vLG vuv2v1vLkv2bv$v!v1v7G v9vfv1v1vLev1vLG v$v2v.RvL,hEf
G vSv.G+vJbv!v/P vvtv<v1vLI,EPCn
;6vLJkv2h>vJGfG vVvEv.1v7hkv2#v.Gqvlv,v%hkv2
E0v$v.&v,v%. vKGh#v)Gv0d8v?vL1v9v2kv28vJQ0vQ#v.OIG v9vL1v1v7G)Ov0#v1v7,h>vJJ
Rvvfvvrvv.qvv.0vv.k
vvJiG vv\vv0HE vv/Ovv$vv.YG vvrvvVvv7Ch/k
,qvv2vv"G vv!vv?vv.AE vv/tvv9vv.H
G v9vL1v1v7G)Ov0#v1v71v"1vJG v2bvJeGtv9vLG;v,v%1v. vuv9v.H,h+vuvKGtv.&v:1vJG0v7+vKgG vlvuvLIh+v2G/8v1v.f1vuv9v.H8vL1v1v7GOv0#v1v7bv!v/Rvuv"qvVvW,ev.0v9v-8vLOv1vI
bvrv1vJIG v\vlv"G v$vPv!v%,bv2vLOv!v%qv1v$v2&vL8vrv2#v)Gv0 v-1v9vL1v1v7G v\vlv"1vEvPv3
bvvv$vvvLg#vvv)Ovvv)G vvvEvvv.O0vvv7bvvvSvvvLIE vvv/G vvv<vvv.#vvv(vvv7bvvvSvvvLI,h#vvvrvvvJQ8vvv-bvvv!vvv/G vvv9vvv!vvvrvvv2hG/Ovv9vvrvv,vv.ehbvv!vv/G/&vv9vvrvv.d#vv)G vv$vvEvvPvv.SE vv/G vv$vv?vvLO, vvfvvLSG vvcvvrvv1vvJIG vVvEv1vEv7kv2&vlv.SG$[vlv.d,hG v9v#Ov21vLOv. v(v.Ov1vJ&v.#vEv$vJ|kv2Dv1v.8v-
16www.alukah.net
G v1v.#v1v7,h1vK vv&vLOvIkv2CP+v.fhCkvuv.QG$[vlv.dG vrv1v%hG$Gv0bhG vcvrv1vJIG vv<vv.1vv9vv7E vv/0vv.eG vvrvv1vv.#vv7,kvv(vv(vvSvv-E&vvPvv.&vv.
k#vv&#vv(vv.
k1vv.u,0vvcvv2vvJg1vv(Gvv0U,h0vv\vv2vvs
CDu.#-N,#P9r0k
#P&h/k
,U. E.k
#V!E.k
k2#?9$c-.
ht.fG P!%G r1$2t. 9. 2:
1vvvv8.D1JGuhb2.O8-h[.b7QO. -b!1-G V0IhG P0e.
2vvvvqvvv.IG)0vvv$vvv.f(hG vvvPvvv2vvv3Cfqvvv.IG)0vvv$vvv.fQtvvv1vvvMI#vvv)G vvvLtvvv.FvvvMG vvv$vvv,vvv$vvv7 !SHV17G $9.GR&7).
3vvvvG vrvJhIG vEvPv(v7:#v)qvVvWG$&v2v1v.A0v9vLOvIkv2CP+v.fG v\v0H#vlv,v.eG rJhIG EP(7hC;L+.G \13k2D1.gG)&P.f.
EG!1.AqJhIDP(7.
EG VE27G V. E7hG rJhIG EP(7.
4vvvvqv1v$v7G vcv$v"1v?v.&v3C+v$v1v7G vcv!v% v1vcv9v.OG v\vlv"#v$v.QOv7G v$v2v.O+hG vrv1v%G/>9$.b17hG$G0q17hG c!$17#(KG VfL.
5vvvvC+v$v1v7G$OvLIkv2&v$v.AG vEvYv.QIG)Ov0#v1v7h0v9vcvLa#v(v,v.bv!v/G vMhLG vVv. vFvvvvG vMh>v7G vVv. vEv7,G vEvrv.bhG v.G>v2v.J vuv"#v(v,v$v.,h8vL1v1v7G$[l.d.
6vvvv8Er1sG$G.qIG)O0#17h8r.07G LhG1]11)G $P!$1).
7vvvvC+vvv$vvv1vvv78vvvMtvvv1vvv7G vvv(vvvlvvvQh8vvvuvvv$vvv1vvv!vvv,vvv. vvv!vvv.Uvvv.dE vvv/G vvvPvvvcvvv.OIkvvv2G vvvJ&vvv1vvv.hG!GLI.
8vvvv1=G LhMG/>9$.b17h8($19,. JiG lLO1JAGk
#)G 21:.
17www.alukah.net
0E9.jG ?MAG <. =b!/G)0$.&1.JhG r1%G 9. 17 u"qV7:
sZ?Qs~(10):sZ?!=+9GuES}9f+{hy(W(fz+%}9GyT;e)q1%hO!.chCG0b:E0$.&1.J:
1vvvvDvvvJ0vvv=:z#vvv.G>vvv9vvv$vvvdqvvv.ekvvv21vvv1vvv:#vvv)11.JGu@@@y2vvvvDvvvJ0vvv=:zEfGyvvgvv=vvOyvv+vvAvvwvvzvv~<vv9yvvwvvzvv}vv?|vv9*A=+#|9p+%9y.3vvvvb$"G $LCI@4vvvvGD9LGe#!u17G f1L@5vvvvGD9LGeG ?1LGf@6vvvv[.b7G .G J0)@7vvvv#vvvv.GUvvvvlvvvv.JG vvvvMh>vvvv7G vvvvVvvvv. vvvvEvvvv7hG vvvvMhLG V. F@
1vvvvOvvvv&GdOvvvv1vvvvJ&vvvv.E1vvvvLG+vvvv1vvvv%pbvvvv)QD0vvvv7ED1.AG \1L@2vvvvG J0)b(JGuG)O0e@3vvvv#c(/t!$7zC#q7RLMhGamy@4vvvv1(.A#P?JG$qV/@5vvvv+(.c#LtMGf8L1.0.f:
1vvvvG uc27@2vvvvG $P?JG$qV/@
6vvvvO1J&.EO$.b1"p@7vvvvqV7#.AR#Me@8vvvvOu(/q21!7>L+%hRhGLEO$.b1"p@9vvvvqV7O1J&. .WhG l.GDTG 92kc!,.q.#-@
sZ?Qs~(11):C!=+9AGuESJ9b*gt(Hh*(Srn
q1%hO!.chCG0b:E0$.&1.J:
1vvvvObvv.AG vvPvvlvvL:B0vv2vv.f8vv.Fvv2vv.fbvv.1vvJhf vvL1vv(vv.D.#Jhf@2vvvvGO9cJGOG$h/O/#9E.&.JBGLG c.e@3vvvvG vv,vvJa#vv)Ovv$vv.YqvvVvvWG$&vv2vv1vv.A#vvcvvLkvv7qvvVvvWG$&vv2vv1vv.A,h vv9vv<vv2vv1vv:G vv9vv.Dvv1vvJkvv2G vvrvv!vv3
hG 9luL@4vvvvb1.OIG $L0Z@5vvvvkvv28vvL1vv1vv7G$h/ObvvJe8vvlvvYvv1vv"h vvJbvv!vv/h J@6vvvv8EJ;(.b)QD0.G$&21.A@7vvvv8EJ;(.b)G EPJ#dbJePtL#c(.g@
1vvvv8<21:q!3G (22|@2vvvvEQO.dG$&21.A 9.D1JGuhb2.O8-@3vvvv#vvEvv.Q1vv7G vvlvvPvv.Oh&vvSvvLG vvVvv0M#vv)C>vv"DlaG$#7@4vvvvDlaG u.f@5vvvv#.PG8u.f&91?7G c.1JG V. FhG \. F@6vvvvG vvEvvJ0vv=bvv)G vv(vv.Q/8vvEvvLbhG vvPvvuvv1vv)/
8r\d@7vvvvG c$"1$(,@Gu8c. /@8vvvvO23^,.Q;r3k2G$hRhf@9vvvvC+$17G$#L1. $cLhahG (,2b)G $(uL@10vvvv r3EOLGF1"@11vvvvPtvvLkvv2qvvVvv7Qqvv%(10)GvvLhL1vv(vv2EOvvLGFvv1vv"
#)#VLb!/0JO1J&.#.O/p@12vvvvG EJ0=b)G P.QG $u17@13vvvvGU\l.AG$&21.A#)b(JGu@
18www.alukah.net
sZ?Qs~(12):S+O!9*(Srpf"OfR*R|ZQ
q1%hO!.chCG0b:E0$.&1.J:
1vvvvD$JGuk2G PLGAhG YLGA@2vvvvCO9fl.QGuG c_1%hG 9.17E 1-@3vvvvbvvv1vvv.OIG vvv$vvvL0vvvZDvvvs#vvv)Dvvvrvvv.bG vvv(vvv.Sb!/1cY,%@4vvvv8c!%G rLBfhbJe>c"G rLBf#,?.QG
k@
5vvvv#cLk7Ul.JG L>"G V. F@6vvvv1vvvcvvvZUvvvlvvv.JG vvv2vvv1vvv:G vvvVvvv. vvvFvvvvUvvvlvvv.JG vvvMh>vvv7G vvvVvvv. vvvEvvv7hG vvvMhLG vvvVvvv. vvvFhG vvvcvvvSvvvLI1vvv. vvv$vvvcvvvLhavvvvG vvv$vvvSvvv.QIvvvvG vvv$vvvVvvv.QDvvv7vvvv#vvvcvvv(vvv/G vvvrvvv.G#vvv7vvvvG vvvL>vvv"hG vvv$vvvLCI0vvvuvvv$vvv"1vvvcvvvYvvv,vvv$vvv.1cY.
k@
7vvvvbJeG/&P1.b !c.OGJhG 9r. 1J@8vvvvG EJ0=b)b!%G cLhV@
1vvvvGR9Lhg1<$)1HQ@2vvvvb!%G 9H\1]G $P9r2!2G \.0"G$#J@3vvvvbvvvv!vvvv%GuG$R vvvv2G vvvvKjtvvvv9vvvv2vvvv-kvvvv2G vvvv!vvvv.MG vvv$vvvEvvvlvvv.Xqvvv2vvv"Gvvv!vvvsG$QV1vvvHvvv$vvvPvvv1vvv)C vvvm
O(7@4vvvvQD0v.G v$v&#v)>vMA#v)Ov9v7hCQ1vcv1v)>vMAG
k
#)G (2.I@5vvvvEPGCQGORvvvv1vvvv,vvvv.
kkvvvv(&vvvv$vvvv.0vvvvrvvvv.d vvvv-:o5
6p@6vvvvoM~}|{pRvvvvvvLM#c(.+.@7vvvvbJeG/&P1.bhQGAG S,.GJ@8vvvvEfGu0vvvlvvvcvvv"#vvv.0vvvSvvv.Ah/QGO vvvEvvvuvvv$vvv7hC&-/0Y1dC>LG $EP(1)@9vvvvqV70.OmnhG#LCIG cM0M@
sZ?Qs~(13):S+O!9*(Srpp,GyTG#
q1%hO!.chCG0b:E0$.&1.J:
1vvvvGO9r2.dG Y1.ah8uL0$,%@2vvvvEPGtvvv.f>vvv(vvvFG vvv!vvv1vvv"ChC#vvvPvvv1vvv9vvv%kvvvuvvvlvvv.GU21.&u%@3vvvv[vvL0vvrvv7>vvJ0vvJI vv9vvL1vv1vv7CDvv$vvJG vvKj+vv.kvv2Ovv)G vv2vv!vv.Z.4vvvvtvv1vvlvv1vv7bvv0qvv7G vvL>vv"#vvdG vv$vvLCIkvv2Dvv.dG vvHvv0kvv.JG vvcvv.Fvv!vv1vv7h1vvcvvZG vv(vvVvv.FvvF
!c.F!7G Pc1JI@5vvvv#c(/OJG KQGFd@6vvvv#c(/t!$7G$S,hC+$17G !f7G cL117@7vvvvC+vv$vv1vv78vvcvv!vv%G vv!vvfvv7G vvcvvL1vv1vv7 vv9vvcvv!vv%G vvrvvLBfG uL0%@8vvvvDvvJ0vv=Ovv2vvcvv70vv_vv!vv,vv%Gu0vv.e/^vv"E/
^!q
-@
1vvvv8vvvuvvv$vvv!vvv7qvvvVvvv70vvv.Ovvvm#vvvdG vvv(vvvPvvv.IG vvv"8vvv2q\c)C0J0,)q@2vvvv0.Ompk2G P?)@3vvvvC+$17G 9.t"b!/Gu@4vvvvC+vvvvvv$vvvvvv1vvvvvv7G vvvvvvJbvvvvvv.A(Obvvvvvv.AG vvvvvvHvvvvvvLhL#vvvvvv)G $(Md)@5vvvvC+vv$vv1vv7&vvSvvLG vvJbvv.IE vv/GuDvv9vv/h vv.kvv2G P?)@6vvvvC+$17G 2JAk2G Jb.IE /G)O0e@7vvvv#c(/G J0)(O0)E1LG+1%p)@8vvvvG82.Y[L0r7G E.GQhG $r.Q&7hG $l.U!7@9vvvv8#h0"D!%G $!v@10vvvvG)b?.Rh&2.I0.Omp@11vvvv^,.Q1LGAI0.Omp@
19www.alukah.net
sZ?Qs~(14):*(SrpfR*R|ZQq1%hO!.chCG0b:E0$.&1.J:
1vvvvR0.QIG Lk.b@2vvvvC+$178HVWG/q9V.O@3vvvvG PlLE /#VL@4vvvvC+$17G 9H\1]G/q9V.Oj@5vvvvG>c!.GG .8LBGLU0I1. !1"@6vvvvbvvvLaG vvv(vvv.SG vvv$vvv,vvv.QGJG vvv9vvv28vvv9vvvrvvv(vvv,vvv.EPGt.&.G/0cLk.&vh/0cLk.fqJQG8v@7vvvvhUmG Pl1(7@8vvvvz/0!JZG $&#)#)>EL#L81)y@9vvvvG fY30J#Lt"G1Lb$!-G $LA@
1vvvvC+$17G V2L@2vvvvG H\7G/q9V.O07 MQGb7G r$F@3vvvvC+vvvvv$vvvvv1vvvvv7G vvvvvcvvvvvJdG vvvvvKjCqvvvvv.#vvvvv-Ovvvvv1vvvvvJ&vvvvv.0.Omp@4vvvv r.A0.Om1(G.8-@5vvvvqvvVvv7Ovv!vv$vv.fG vvlvv.QOvv2(hCfG$&vv2vv1vv.A/
0#t!.GG VJq.J)@6vvvvG EJ0=b)G EPJhG c1)@7vvvv[.b7G .G J0)@8vvvvG vvEvvJ0vv=bvv)G vvSvv,vv3)bvv.OIPtvvL+vv.kvv2qV7O1J&.O!1$.fp@9vvvvqV70.Omh r.F-1#G1-1(1.#1)@
10vvvv#c(/G V2LG ?$1"@11vvvvG/D9P.HE /GuhG Su.iE /Gu@
N N N N N N
20www.alukah.net
CSz(HGywA9H
CvvvvGbvvv9ovvv$vvvJOvvvLOG vvvrvvvVvvvWbvvv)[vvvL0vvvsCOvvvLI#vvvPvvv!vvv$vvv7#vvv!vvv9vvvM#vvv7#vvv& vvvlvvv7#vvv)hG vJ0v):C1v2CDv$vJhCeCDv$vJ,hCDv$vJh>v$v1v"hOv.#v2,8v(vrv"G vrv1v%hG)0v$v.&v1v.Jbv)[vL0vsG vEv.GQhG v$v(v.qvSv7 v!vcv.OIE v/G vlv\vLIG vPv!v1v$v7C/h+vv2G vv9vv!vvrvv2hG/Ovv9vvlvv,vv.e,8vv(vv9vvrvv"G$OvvLI1vv1vv)C#vv.tvv)bvvJI vv9vv9vvcvvLa
#)G0 ,.b!/G 20OG 92Ou(,.G$&21.A.
hDvvLUvv(vv.#vv)Gvv0dOvvLOG vvrvvVvvWE vv/G/1vv9vvcvv.Obvv)G)OvvLGFvv1vv!vv1vv.J,
hGOvvvv9vvvvPvvvvrvvvv.A#vvvv.O8vvvv(vvvv.G vvvvcvvvv!vvvv$vvvv1vvvv7kvvvvrvvvv]#vvvv)G vvvvrvvvvLBfG vvvvuvvvvL0vvvv%hG$Dvvvv.O0vvvv=
G VE1E7.
HvvvvG 9Lt1Mb!/G$+JGaG $cLk17k2&r"G $c!.#.JE /G \0H.
8vEvL0vvh>vJG&v,v% v?vcv!v,v%0v9vrv2v!v.fG v$vcv!v.#v.Jkv2qv!v.1v,v%h0v9v#;vLhf1v,v.h>JG&1.
k.
Jvvvv#E.h 7&r"+KgG $cLk7E /G P!.cG 1.#2G E2.
CS=9HGfA}9OGytZ?vzSz(H@gz+},@Q<(j$9Oa:
>vv.AG$#vvLUvvL0vvEvv.kvv2G vvrvvLBfG vvuvvL0vv%Dvv.dC+vvJGaG vvrnvvVnvvW
rG vvrvvLB&vv2h#(,.:
CvvvvG ,JaG$hd:( c!,%09luLhf) SEKG cr.dhG$ku.Q.
21www.alukah.net
HvvvvG vv,vvJaG vv<vv.&vv2:( vvrvvJtvv.fkvv2qvvVvvVvv,vv%bvv2vvLI$h vv2G$ vv2vv.H) vv9vvrvvJ0vv%G c2LhG c_.J.
JvvvvG ,JaG <. =:(#.&<2:1-k&GOc)8<21:G r!.Hb!/G Jb.I.
hG vvrvvVvvWG vvrvvLB&vv20vvEvvrvvs+vvKgG$+vvJGaG vvLGFvvcvv7 vvuvv"#vv)Ovv.Qbvv!vv/[vvL0vvsQOvv.dGu|kvv2G vv9vvL1vv1vv7hG vvJbvv.I,hkvv2G)Uvv0MhG vv?vv,vv.OhG $.G>,7.
KvvvvG ,JaG LG1d:8.;1sG $c!.#.JG 9.Q0H17.
LvvvvG ,JaG H.#Q:8rL03G $c!.#.J1Su"#.;.b.
MvvvvG vvv,vvvJaG vvvPvvv.OS:G vvv.Uvvv.dE vvv/G/Ovvv9vvv(vvv9vvv.>vvv.JG vvvcvvv!vvv$vvv1vvv71vvvSvvvuvvv"evvv1vvvL#2.RLh+.G$qLHE /G r2.dhG Elab(JG \0H.
N N N N N N
22www.alukah.net
C$~Gy}Z9OQhGy}QGFhGyA,GfA}OJ
G rLBfG uL0%.1vvvvEIv+v9Afvzv(eGyvO*v#,C1v.Dv.#vJG vfvMG v2,1v1vLhJ,OGQG$Qqv%G$Qqv%,1419+vvvvv/
1998e,G$P7C>MGA.
2vvvvGyv=vOG*v?hGyv"v%v9*v?,EOv$v.bv1v"1v)tv<v1vLG vJ#vSvrv2,#vuv9v2v7G v$vcv.Qa,1v1vLhJ,G v\v2vcv7
G <.&171974e.
3vvvvG}Ivv9O*vvEGyvvZvvJvv+vvJvv?|vv#CLvv=vv9QhsvvZvv[G}!vv=vv+vv9A:E1vvLG+vv1vv%G vvcvv!vv2,OGQG vvrvv!vv%,G \2c7G$h /1416+vvvv/1995e.
4vvvvGyvvvAvvvqvvvTvvv+vvvQ,#vvvEvvv$vvvJ#vvv9vvv. vvv2G vvvSvvvcvvvLGhj,CGvvv2vvv.QG vvv1vvv.e,qvvv\vvv.YGvvv.U,G vvvrvvv.+vvvLI,1991e,16>MAD9/G!f.
5vvvvGyvvAvvqvvTvv+vvQGyvvwvv=vv+vvQz8vvlvvPvv1vvLG vvLGRjy:#vvEvv$vvJ1vv)bvv$vvLG vvLGRj,OGQG vvuvv9vv3G vvcvv!vv$vv1vv7,[,LGf,G \2c7G <.&17,1Jhf8.Q0I.
6vvvv@vqvTv+vQGyvtvQBfGyvgvdv+v~z@vqvTv+vQG<v#vvDv+vQy:EOvv$vv.bvv1vv"1vv)tvv<vv1vvL1vv)tvv<vv1vvLG vvJ#vvSvvrvv2,OGQG EJ0=,G r.+LI1415+vvvv/1994e.
7vvvvGyvGv9|vh}Ivwv9eGyvtvQBfz8vlvPv1vLG vrvL[v2v2y:#vEv$vJ1v)CDv$vJG$&vVv.Qj,G vrvL[v2v2,#&OP7#(.+"G cLk.f,O#Ss
8vvvvFvv9|vvhGyvvgvvzvv(ehGyvvJvvwvv~:C1vv.kvvLLbvv2vvJG vvLDvv$vvvsv)(G1vv)Q>vv3),1vv1vvLhJ,#vv&OvvPvv7
G LO. 7,W4,1413+vvvv|1993e,>MAGf.
h>vvv$vvv1vvvd#vvvLG>vvvdG$Dvvv.O0vvv=G vvv(vvv2vvv.0vvv7:G vvv2vvvHvvv.Qjvvvvh#vvvPvvv!vvv%vvvvG1vvv)#vvv.>vvv-hG 9L#Kj,hG (P.F2@@@
23www.alukah.net
h&vvHvv2vv7#vv)#vvLG>vvdqvvVvvWG$&vv2vv1vv.AC vvlvv:DvvJ0vv<vv.k.hevv1vvL+vv%#vv)G vv$vvVvv.OQ
hG $LG>d.
#)QG>dG rV7hqLq
^,.:
h vvrvvJqvv.e1vv$vvLG>vvcvv7#vvHvv\vv.[vv7G vvuvv9vv.HhE1vvJGAG vvLCjhG vv(vvVvvFhG vv9vv.>vv1vv-hG $LG>c7t"4#):
2(.f:G Jt9.Q0.Om#LbS!2.hG$O9.PIb2!71P.W>$c7
G$QOf:G Jt9.QU0Mb2JG l9.MG H. Jj
G $fLH:G Jt9.QG. JG V$Jj
hqvvJCbvv\vv/tvv"hGDvvJ#vv(vv,vv%8vvrvvLq0vv_vv.k
h#vvLG>vvcvv7#vvd8vvVvv.0vv2vv.J,QG>vv1vv7#vvv(vvvuvvv%8vvvrvvv2vvv"+vvvKGG vvvuvvv9vvv.HhGbvvv9vvv$vvv.OgXvvv$vvv)G vvv$vvvLG>vvvdG vvv9vvvL1vvv.0vvv7kvvv2G vvv9vvv(vvvSvvv,vvv7
G)O0#17G/>9$.b17G 9L1.07.
h8lY!.G1r2.dk.FsG/D9LGe,h>MGt%GuG1LGk.
O.V+Q*#y=+>L(QV+O
N N N N N N
24www.alukah.net
Gy}tO|?
fghG vEv$vJo v!
6v-p,hG vV
qv0Io
hG vP6v0eobv!v/#ovEv$qvJp1
rv)pbv2vJpG v!6v-p,Ov18vJpG v$ovLrO
nv!pv1v)n
G vvKjCo
QrOpvv"nQnDvv$nvv7k
vv!vvcvv. nvv$pvv1vv)n,hbvv!vv/B vv-G vvfovvL8G vv$vv1vv.#vv1vv)nhCUvvEvv.1pvv-pG vvupvvLGep
C>$c1).
vvrvvJ#vv)6G vv!6vv-obvv!vv1vv(vv.1vv#fCQrOvv" vv(vv.QO
ovv./k
#vv)C&vvlovvPpvv(vv.,0ovvcvv!
8vv$vv(vv.G vvuvv9vv.H
hG vvEvvuvv$vv7,h0ovvMt8vv1vv(vv.,h0ovvH
rvvL>
ovv(vv.#vv)G vv_7vv!vv$vv.JE vv/G vv(vv.Q,#ovv&06vvJG
k1vvuvv0e
pG vv!
6vv-p
G vvvcvvvM0vvvM,G vvvKj8vvv(vvvM6dbvvv!vvv1vvv-p,#ovvv(vvv?6vvv$vvv.
k1vvvEvvvPvvv3G$DvvvJGKG vvv9vvv2tvvv.&vvv:8vvv$ovvvL6
1vv. vv$ovvPvv!vv$vv1vv).kvv,vv.+vv.kvv2Gvv0d;vv0KbvvSvvLIOvv(vv7k
0vv9vv(vvMrdobvv!vv1vv->vv2vvL0vv"okvv2#vvu6vv7
G vv$ovvuvvL6#vv7p1vv##vvL0vv)G;vv(vv1vv)#ovv9vv0R#vv1vv)p,C/h+ovv$vv.:8nvvLrOvv1vvI
oG vv9qvv.Dvv1vvJp vv!
6vv-p8vvcvv. vv/,
h8vvvrvvv.0vvv%oG$Gvvv0bp,Dvvv1vvv=o
qvvv.dQOvvv.doGu|:zE!vvv}vvv9<ovvvgvvvDvvvBo}o@vvv}xvvv~|vvvwvvv9Qe
G}Lv;bpy,hP vv1vPv2v3#v.8vcvL6Xv:r v-o+vKgG vlv9vLIoG vM6#v(v16v7
o,kv2G v2v0OpG vcvL1v16v7p
bv.#6v7k
vvvvh#vu6v7n
G v$ovuvL6#v7n
Gv.U6v7
kvvvv#v)bv2v.OIpG$
nhr;v.fp,hbpv2v.OIpG vS
6v1rv\v.fp,hG8
8v2v.Y
pG vv,vv.i,ht
nvv<rvvLnIpG vvlvv.GDvvTpG vv9vv2bvv.&vv/kvv1vv,vv.QO
ovv.doGu|#vv.bvv.&vv/#pvv)tvvlqvv.Qp
qo
L0rTm
.
hqvJtv.f pvLOov.dpGu#v)G vrvVvWpG vrovLB&v16v7p,G v9v28v(vM6 v:bv!v1v-kv28v!vv
G vvlvv9vvLIp,Gvv1vvLo#ovvcpvv1vv)m
,$n
&6vv,vv.>vv.AJEGvv2vv.QG
k#pvv)rQH
8G vvcvv. vv$vv1vv)oKLM
25www.alukah.net
NOP~}|{zyxwv
uAxp[0.Om:3].
hCn
#nvvvLn&vvv.G vvv!6vvv-oO
ovvv2vvvEvvv.&vvv-h8vvvcvvv. vvv/Cn
fr
&ovvvKt
8vvvLG vvv(6vvv.S1vvv,vvv., vvvcvvv!
6vvv,vvv%0vvv9vvvlvvvu
6vvvLhf
ocbaRQAzzp[G KGQ0.J:55].
hqvJr
QC0rv(v.,Cn
fr
&vrv.en1v9v(vlv1vKpC#rvLpG v!6v-p,hE1rv0Z
pG v(6vT
rApG v?vJ0vJp1pv$v.Cn
1rv!vfv(v.
G vL6Ov.doG vuvL0v%o1v-.h v)&vJ6bpv2Ro
hQGk
C&6v(v.G v.Dv1vJhfG v$ov96vEv$8vP
ov.f pv,vKGG vcv$v",kvvrvvJ
rOvv2vvrvv(vv.E vv1vv-tvv<vv1vvLhf.h vvuvv) vvu
ovv"
8#vv(qvv.evv.0vv9ovv-o#vv)hQGAp+vvKgpG vvrvvVvvWp.C#vv.
e.09o(.k,2:
1vvvvEbv.OIo
RvHvVpv16v7pG)&vPv.fpG v$ovPv!v%,h8
nv.n>v1v,ov-o1v. vrovJqhIpG vEvPv(v7p, pv1
nvuov.f
#ovvvvv9vvvvv$vvvvv18vvvvvMGk
kvvvvv2tovvvvv"
8C#vvvvv.QpDvvvvv1vvvvv.8vvvvv-oSTMNOPIJp
[G$DvMGH:21]#pv)rGpv0dpG vcnv0qv.JpG$o
OnvLp06v7phG/>v9v$v.bpv1
6v7p1v1v)RvHvVv1qv.J+vKgG rpVWp.
2vvvv>v$v1vdoG v(qv.S0ovEv27v.fG vrpvVvW
nh0ovrrv2pv!v.fn
bv!v/Ov$v.bpv,v.,kv!v$v.PG8vuv.fo
qVV.k
Go
LGkp16
7k
? $.PG/8u.fo
hGqc1q7#ol1JIk
O0(1.k
hCGr
0qp13
.?
3vvvvEbv.OIo
8v(v$v1v7pG vlpvurvLpbvrvJ03v.hkpvu
rvL03v..kvrvJ
rUv.QnG v(6v.Sokv2C0qv.#pv(v.+vKg
0vv9vvHvv26vv\vv.fn
kvv2Ep0rvv$vv.&vv,vv%r8vvHvv27vv]
nG$bvv$vv/,hUvv.QG vvJ8
0vv)obvv(vvJ+ovv%#ovv?vvL6OnObvv.ik.Qpe
n7.
4vvvvh#pv)C+v%8C+vJGkpv(v.8vLrOv1vIo#v2vJCG v2vE
rv=phG v96vEvL8
jhG v96vlvuv1vLpG vP6v!v1v%
p,
hGovvVvv.Uvv.
kkvv2#vvPvv.Fpvv"G vvJ0vv)hG)0vv$vv.fp,EP/0vv?vv.RoG vvHvv!vv]
okvv1vv$vv.1vv1vv(vv,vv.h1nvv1rvv)
G$Ovvv.[pvvv1vvvLphG vvvHovvvLGkvvv.Jp,h/0vvv?vvv.Ro#vvv?vvvL6OoG8
8vvv2vvv.Y
p#vvv.bvvv!vvv1vvv-G$
n+rvvv"ovvvvG!1vvv.Ao
hG$>vvJGOovvvv&nvvlvvcvv"o#vv.0vvlvvcvv!vv.f
n,h&vvrvv.do#vv.0vvrvv. vv.f
n,$f
6+vvKG#vv.tvv.f0vvrvv.
ovv-o
G vvuvv.kpvvLhf vv%&rvv2vv1vv.ApoRQXWVU\[ZYp
26www.alukah.net
[G$&vvcvv.e:148].hqvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:o&%,+*)0/.-p[G$bvvLGa:70].hqvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:o-,+*)8p
[+.O:62].
&n
Jr
b.G !6
-nCfr
0o.k8
rn(.E /#.0oEp2
7-h0LX.go,E&q
-+.G P6$1d
oG c!1%o.
N N N N N N
27www.alukah.net
28www.alukah.net
fR*RjGyt9Q
&ovrvJ
8eoE v1vv+vKgpG vP
8v!vPv!v7G v\
6v1qv2v7p#v)G$qv.Uv1vWpG vJ8
0v(v16v7pG v9v28vLhjOpv1vLIn
G$&rvvv2vvv1vvv.ApG vvvupvvvLGep
,G vvvK0vvv)hQOnPptrvvvLo+vvv%kvvv2G vvvrovvvLBfpG vvvuvvvL0vvv%
p,hG vvv$vvv\vvv!vvv.Hp#vvv(qvvv.
G)p0v$v.fo
1v,v%;$f6
#vcrvLkv9v,ov%+v2knvLrVobv1v)
mbv!v/t
ov"
8#ovPrv!v%
m,h#nv)r0ov(rvuvL+ov%Chr
0ov(vupvLCDvJ+ov%kvrvJtvlvL,$&6v,v%#v)Xv$v)G v$vcrv!v.e#v)G vJ
80v)p1v. vY
6vLohQIp,hbvJeo
G)0$.fp1,%0oHp"71SLrWm#o,%5#)R
oLhWG)O0e
pG Es
8.
hOvv.ran&vv96vv2vvdo#vv(rvv,vv?vv16vv7
kbvv!vv$vv1qvv7
kkvv2t
ovv"
8#vv.&vvuvv9ovv3
oh&ovvrvvL
8Qo,h+vvKgG vv$nvv(rvv,vv?pvv1
6vv7o
#ovPrv9v$8vJnIl#v)tv9v.HG v!
6v-phO
ov(6v7pQOov. pv-p|,hO
nv(nvPrvu
ov:o
bv$6v.Ovuv9v.bv(v-,knv(nv2rv9vcpvJ
o
bvv)pG vvHovvLGkvv.JphG)OvvLGFvv1vv!vv16vv.JG vv9vv28
nvvHnvv!6vv!vv:
r#vvlvv.+vv1vv$vv(vv.G vvJ8
0vv(vv16vv7,h0vv. nvv%Ovvmp!
Dvv96vv/hEfr
tvv.f vv,vv.CUvv"lkvv2tovv9ovv3pe
nvv1rvvLpG vv$ovvPvv!vv$vv1vv)n,$&
6vv(vv.#ovvuvv!
6vvlvv.f
n1vv. vv9vvcvv27vvJpu
1$.C&M n
-ok2t9.1p-p P18J&.#E$J|.
Qn>v.D&v.Cfr
0ovcv1v(nv(v.G v!6v-obv!v/#v.tv!
6vlrv(v.C&vl
ovPnv(v.G vrpv1v.e
n1v-,hC
nfr
&v?vJn#pv(
rvuov%r8
nv?v.h1v.
k
#vd+vKgpG v$v(rv,nv?pv16v7p,kv9nv96v2pvcv.+v.kv2>
nv$v1vdp
CDv.G pvuov%,kv9v9vl
nvu
6vLhGh8
ovcv$pv!v.GCP+v.&vu
ov%rkv2
Co
#v.QpOp0v(vupv%,h/8nvunv9nvlov.G1v$v.8
nvPrv$nvcv.&
nv-o#pv)B1v.Fpvuv%h#nv)r8v9v.+6v$v.f
nCn
&6v,ov%rC
nbrv!nv%o#pv(
rvuov%,
$n
f6
G v!6v-nO
ov2vEv.&v-oh8vcv. v/#vJMnG v$ov9vlnvu
8vL0rv)nkv2G
nv!rvspG vP
6v$v.hGJphG$QrVp:o*)
,+.-0/"!$Au~v#&
%(’:9<;>=@?214
36587Av~vp[Bdb$LGf:190vvvv191].
N N N N N N
29www.alukah.net
30www.alukah.net
@}%+OsQGF,G}p9\{
tvv<vv1vvLI+vv2G vvuvv9vv3G vv9vv28vvMGvvL1vv#qvv.Uvv1vvWG$&vv2vv1vv.A#vvdCqvv.G#vv,vv%h vvuvv(vv,vv.tvv!vv,vv.8vv9vv2vvd[vvL0vvrvv7G vvP
6vvLOG vv9vvrvv!vv1vvJ0vv7. vvKGQC0vv:CfCqvvJ#vv,vv. vvuvv%1vv\vvL0vvrvv7#vvHvv9vv!vvlvv78vv9vv2vvdCOvv!vv.HG vvEvv.GQG vv9vvL1vv.jG vvKj0vvJGvv"kvv2&vvlvv.SG$1vv(vv.AvvvvG vv$vvrvvVvv.O0vv)G$Ovv.Ovv1vv1vv) vv(vv.vvvvkvv(vvcvv!vv$vv,vv%h&
ovvL1vv1vv,vv%1vv\vvL0vvrvv7Ovv,vv!vv71vvPvv1vv\vv7, vvKG vv%&vv9vv\vvLbE vv/
G ?$"G Vc27G 928E9.LE /t<1L8lu1L.
h/0vvVvv.dkvvuvvL8vv(vv.1vvSvvuvv"OvvL0vvdQC0vv(vv.#vv)G vvVvv.GHCf&vv9vvLGkvvs#vvdCOvvLI
C12CD$JG $& l7#):
vvvvzC12CD$Jy.
vvvvzCeCD$Jy.
vvvvzCD$JyG 2. g#)G c$Lk2+KgG $LD!7,CQ1dbSLIO(7.
vvvvz>$1"yG 2. g#)G c$LE;(92bSLIO(7.
vvvvzO.#2yG 2. g#)G c$L;$.fO(.GJ.
hGuhy,wGyA(p+u
31www.alukah.net
32www.alukah.net
sZ?Qs~(10)!=+q9Gyz
v&pES}9f+{
ohy(W
lo
GOv9v1vrvaG$h/Oo#pv)r&nv.r#pv,pv%#ov9v#G
8vL0v)n,h#v.tv.&v.G
nv1nv(rv,nvY
ov.G
nv.r/C
nf6
Cn
Rpvc6v7n
G vvS6vv$vvQpCRb
nvv?nvv9rvv,vv%,k
nvvrnvvJr
tvv.&vv.G0ovvEpvvPqvv.f1vv#
nvv%m
,kvv2>nvv$vv1vvd
pCn
>rvvPvv.Op+pvv%,h vv%
0nvvcrvvLpkvv.G vv$vv.PG@Co
#7vv,vv%Cn
0rvvYvv.k
tvv.&nvv:r
8vvSvvcovvLo1vv.$n
vv%p
htvvK vvvn
C1vv.+vv%,E/C&qvv,vv$vv.
Gt
Ovv9nvv1rvvrvv_vv.1vv.tvvLGk
@h vv$qvv.Gt
qrvv9nvvL1vv.#pvv)rC
n1vv(vv.Fpvv,vv$vv.CD
nvvPqvv.C
n&6vv,ovv%r#vvLrXvv/,k
nvvEnvvLGQn8
ovv,ovv%r
#vL8vlvcv7l
@h+vKG[v2v1vcpv24,knvrnvJr
8v#;6vLhG1pv9
nvfnv17vLpG v\
6vrrvQp@[v!v2nv:rCe7CDv$vJn#pv)rR
nhr>pv,v.
Cn
fr
0nv9nvEv.#v"nbv!v/&vlvPpv-p,h0vK+v3nE v/CqvLHp#vuv.fm8
ov2v.Y
okv1v-G vH
ovYv.Qo,h0vSv9vLjn
1vvcvvZnG vv!
6vv1rvv$vv.fpG vvEvv.#pvvZp pvv9
nvvVrvv(nvvd
n#pvv(rvv-oRvvLG1vv.
k,k
nvv,ovv.nCkvvYvv"oOhGAm[vv2vv1vvcvv28 vv,vvKpgp
G E. 7p@
h v$v.Gt
Orv9vlv.b
nG$h/Ooh>vJ
ohGC#6v,v%8
nvErv$pv"oCtv.GHnRvLGHG v!v1v$v.f#ovLrk
nvrnv7k
1v2vcvZpG vJhGApG v$ovPvu8v)pG vKjCDvY
nvLhg#nvcnv,ov%r@R
nvLp1v.G>
nv$v1vcv.k
G vcvVv1vLnhG vJ6hGAn
hbvv.OohGE vv/G/pt
Orvv9pvv!
rvvrvv.Ap,k
nvv!nvv%r0nvvrrvvJpQhGbvv!vv/G vv2nvvrvv.Ap>vv. vvPvv1vv)n@1
nvvcvvJ#ovvJ6ImqvvVvv1vvLIGvvm
6G$n
vv%oknvv(nvv,nvvY
ovv.G,hnC
nQGOohGG vvH
ovvLhLn#pvv)nG vvH
nvv1rvv$vv7p,E/
qCf
6G vv.G vvJn0vv)pC
n#nvvLG+ovv%
1vv. vv2nvvrvv.ApOGGpvv!nvv,vv.Dvv9vv//0nvv9nvvYvv.bvvm
nG vv$nvvLVo,kvv,vv% vv%0ovvSrvvlnvv.G1
nvvcvvJo
,h vvuvv)rkvvrvv]r
/0oEpP7.f
n1.$ %
p@
Gt
Xrv\ovLqG$
nh/Oo#ovLrev$v1v)nCf
r0v9vEv$6v!v.GG vE
nv2rvQnOGGpv"n(G vHv1v$v7p),h vuv(6v,ov%r
#v. nv2pv<ov.GC
nfr
Cn
^rv,vLohG8
nv2nvL7#nv,ov%hnG
t&rvMpbv.>
nv,ov%#pv)nG v$nv!nv"pG vKj+ov%kv1v-p,k
nv!nv1rvQ
nv,ov%r
33www.alukah.net
bn$n"l0r.#.f
n1p-,h/0nrJpQhf
nb!/G H
oLhL
p,kr.dCD$J
o$11-p:
CI}O:+"On(n2rr/#nP?.&p1)+uKG?
G}H:+"8Y.0nrr
:n?
CI}O:[n
2r
c.k
,Cn
n
)r&o
9.1dnQpD
r!n
9n(.?
G}H: vvv1rvvvQnG vvv1nvvv.renh/evvvJG
k,kvvv$vvv.RGd
n nvvvJn0rvvv(vvv.hnqvvv:
l@Ovvv(vvvL8vvv.Mo+vvvK0vvv)pG 1.#1)pD9
6//8o
&P0n(.G S6$rQ
oCt<n
L@
F}+{:hn+n"r+p2nG q
92BP8r(.?
G}H:Cn
>nv"r@k
nv(nvE
rv)oenv1rvLo#ovcrv9v.Op0v)n+vKpgpG vEv1v.InG vu
nvSrvlpv1
6v7n
, pvKGCo
Upv2rv(v.1pv$v.
0oPn$6/G)p>
r,.OoG ELGQpj7@
CIvv}vvO:h#vv.PGOnvv(nvvl
rvvcnvv"o+vv(vv.?&
nvvErvv)oC
n0rvvYvv.
kenvv1rvvLo#ovvcrvv9vv.Op0vv)nG vv?
ovv!vv.Sn pvvlnvv9rvvLnIm
[n.0r!
n7m1pJhfpCj
8&n
S.WmCn
hr1Jhfp#oS.Qntn
7pG$UJq.Ap,&u.Oo&n
Sr
co
Lo
1. $n!n
"p@
G}H:&n
9n
cn
26
Jo p!
6-p1p9p0hnIpG r
oLBfp@
CIv}vO:+vvKGCn
krvvYvv"ob
nvv$nvv"m
&nvvrovv.eo1pvv-p,
nvvcnvv"6G vv!
6vv-n0nvvLrD
nvv$ovv(vv.h0ovvLOpvv"oG vv$vv0Fvvuvv7n
pvv9nvvEovvl
6vv(vv.,tvv$vv.qvv.dQOvv.doG vv!
6vv-p|:z|vv9G
tF
rvvAnvv}nvvhns
nvv(relpvv,<nvv+rvvBm|pvv#r<
ovv+vv(JpGyvvzvvv&p
*nvvArvvzovv(fnvpvvAvv9HnGyvvz
vvv&phn*nvvAnvvOGQnSvv(!nvv&o<
nvv+rvv"nvv%ovv~,E:q
!nvvRnynvvBrfvvzvv+vv%pvv~
oGyvvTvvvwpvv+rvv"vv?o
,hninvvWpvv+nvvA
rvv%ovv~o
GyvQvIrv}nv?o
,hnI
nvqvvArv%ov~oGyv}v;Fpvw
nv?o
,hnPn
v
nvQn$ov~oGyvz
vv&oppv+v}
nv#rfpv"rvOngo,hn|nv#r<
nvavvz<pv&pf
nv}nvz
ov&oy
nv~r
*oTrQpYr
<p&p!n
T
n=
o&oy(1).
vvvvkn
9n
E.GG $oVr
En
mnG KjC
nDr
Yn
Lhgo#c,% 1rLChGk1-@
kr.dO.#2:
vvvv+KpgO.QIoG En
?n
L@+1q.&n
rr
LCr
+., n
%r0nPr
2psr 2Cf
rqLC8
o,.@
(1)CGvvvvL>vvvv-#vvvvPvvvv!vvvv%,DvvvvJ0vvvv=Qqvvvv%2699,tvvvv9vvvv.HG vvvvKtvvvvL,1vvvv.HG/>vvvv9vvvv$vvvv.Ybvvvv!vvvv/8vvvv0hI
t9.HGu@
34www.alukah.net
Gt
Qr8nvvlnvvcnvv:pG/p
tDrvv9pvv?vv.>vv.Jo:O
ovv.QIoG vvEnvv?
nvvL?! vv1vvQn+vvKGG
tOrvv$ovv,vv.@1vv"+vv.
zG Ep?r
Ly@
S9|,:h#.+.G Ep?r
L?
G}e:+.G $u.fo
G Kjt.f0c1To
k1-z;$.Ooyq.eozU. Fm
yp@
CIvv}vvO:G vvv$vvvuvvv.fo
G vvvKjtvvv.&vvv.G0vvvcvvv1vvvSvvv.fn
kvvv1vvv-?Cj#vvv.&vvvPqvvv$vvv1vvv-#vvvJGFvvv)n
Uvv. vvF?h vv$vv.PGOovv$8vv1nvv:pG vvP
7vv.QIo1vv.t
Ovv%p
G vv$nvvuvv.fph vv%8ovvPnvv%61vv.
tOrvv%
pG vv(6vv2pvv28G vvKj
tvv.f0nvvcvv1vvTo
kvv1vv-tvv$vv.+vv2G vvEvv.dkvv2Ovv.Qm#ovv9nvvcvvJ8
OIm:z#ovvEnvv$6vvJy,zE1vvLG+vv1vv%oy,
z0o.&o
Qy,z0.Oo
my@
G}e:Ovvv2vvvEvvv.fGu!+vvvKG#vvv)Rnvvv#fpG vvv!
6vvv-p;/1vvvJ
qhCf0vvvuvvv.f
nhQGAnP vvvv
n
Dpvuv$v7lo%&#$!p(1),hn+nv"r
nv(v.C
nfr
&nv9nvJn
G6v"kv2EpQGO
nIpG v!6v-p?oe
dcba3@xwp(2)@
CIvv}vvO:Cn
Orvv9nvvf
rvvlpvvL
oG vv!6vv-nG vvcvv_vv1vv%n,C
nbovv.P
o1vv.u!C&vv. vv%C
nqvvVpvvJ
rP pvvv,hn
nvvuvv)r
Cn
QnOrJoG 96cL7anE /G Epu$7p#(-@
G}e:Gt
&vv9nvv2pvv-rzEfvGyvgnv=rvO
ny
nv+nvAnvw
nvzvv~o<v9yvw
nvzpv}nv?p|v9*nvAnv=nv+vv#o|v9pv+v%v9,*nv%rv(pjr<v%v9pv,
Gy"q9QpCn<
rg
nO
n|9<+#Gy}nW
rQpbphGy}nj
rQpHy(3).
bnv!nv1rv(v.G)p0rv$v.f
o1v. v1nvrpv1v)pG v<
6v.1pv:pC
nf6
G v!6v-n/0nvl
rvcnv"oE/
q#v.+ov.nG
nv1rvLl@h v,vKG
#nvJnMnG v!6v-oG v$ov&r#pv(pv1
rv)nDvr3v.kvrv.d:oRQXWVULK
JIPONMDCB@wAHGFE<@x;:9@?>=4321@yp(4)@
(1)+.O:107.
(2)G$&21.A:23.
(3)CGL>-G 2H.Qj,1Lq%6477,h#P!%,1Lq%2988.
(4)G$&l.d:2vvvv4.
35www.alukah.net
#nvvvYnvvv:r
Ovvv.bvvv9vvv.fp#pvvv)nG vvv.nqrvvv:phn+ovvv%r0nvvv9rvvv!vvv.f
nOovvv.QnInG vvvEpvvv?
rvvvLp,hn0ovvvEvvv.hp vvv.fn
Gt
Or
9p_r
,.Qn1n
cZpB0.8p,n.#o?.qOGk
@
kvvv?vvv#In
qvvv. vvv:rC
oe7CDvvv$vvvJ:0nvvvuvvvlvvv2+vvvKGG!f
n,k
nvvvrnvvvJr
Pn
t6vvvLn8
rvvv(pvvv2+vvvKpgpG vvvP
7vvv.QnIo
1pSn2rAm#o,p%5@
F}+{:#.+.?
G}ew:+"8n$nc
6(r9o%r>n18JG
kk2+KpgpG P.QIp,hnk
n,p$r9
o%r#.>.Ank1,.?
F}+{:&c%!t(.&o
(rcp%oCn
&r
_.Qn&.1u"tn!$.8p,.hB0.8,.@k$.PG8rVJ0)?
CI}O:b%689EJKo+KgpG P
7.QI?
G}eq:8nvvvv9nvvvvE
nvvvvJ6
Ko
bnvvvv)rG
nvvvv!rvvvvspG)p&
rvvvvPvvvv.fp(BOnen),hnO
ovvvv?ovvvv.OpG vvvv$vvvv0Fpvvvvuvvvv7p vvvv-,
hnGt
Orvv9pvvu
rvv2nvv.QpEp1
rvv!pvv1rvvQ
n(tovvlrvvLpgp)G vvKj8
nvvPnvv26vv3
n1pvvfnvvYnvv3pG vv!
6vv-pb
nvv!nvv1rvv-p,hn[
nvvLrOpgp#pvv)nG vv?nvv(6vv7p@
;ovv%68
nvvEnvvJ
6;nvv:r
bnvv)rX
nvv1rvvmpE1rvvLG+vv1vv%n(G vv$vv0Fvvuvv7p),hn8
nvv2rvvSpvv1vvLp+pvv%rE0qvv.go1vv. vvfovv0e
pG vvcnvv!vv1vv%
p@
tvvK pvvvn
8nvvEnvvJ
6;nvv:r
bnvv)rO
nvv2nvv3p#nvv?pvv1rvv,pvv,pvv%r,C
n/hn+ovv.nEpQ
rOvv. ovv,ovv%E vv/qvv.e
p ovv.rWm,hbvv$qvv.
DnvvV
nvv"nkvv2Op0vv.Qp ovv.Wm
nvv$qvv.hUvv!
ovv.GE vv1vv,pvv%r,hn8
nvv9nvvu
nvv!6vv%ob
nvv)rCn
UrvvEvv.HpG$
n0rvvunvv7pq
nvv.re
pRo
cn1r3
m,hnb
n)rCn
Ur
E.HpG Ep?r
Lpqn
.rep
U. pFm
@
S9|,:>$1do+KgpG r
nVn
Wp#n.r>.OIlk2+KpgpG P7.rQI!!
Fv}v+v{:Ov2vEv.fGu!htv#&6v(v.q
nvLnCr
&v.+v. pv(nv9nvKn
t6vLn#v.b
nv!6v$rv9pv(v.E0
qv.gokv2G vrnvVnvWp
G Pq
.1prn
7p@
G}e:C>"r+KGUE1Fl@
CIv}vO:#v.OGenG$#rvLotnvKn
pvvn
,kv(f6
vJj61nvcvZ
nG/pt
Orv9vlvPv.QGJpG
qv9v28
nvSrvfnv"o
8n
lu1Lj#o(rKo
C#Qp@
G}e:#.+2?
36www.alukah.net
CIvv}vvO:qvv.dOvv1vvJo&vv.E1vvLG+vv1vv%obvv!vv1vv-G vvVvv0Io
hG vvPvv0eo@oBAH
GFp(1),knvv,nvv"r#pvv)nG vv$nvvcrvvrvv.dpCf
r0nvvSovvv
6Ovv1qvvJo&vv.E1vvLG+vv1vv%okvv2Dvvrvv1vvrvv7p+vvKG
G$#vLpG v$nvcv!v.ep
#pv)nG vJ8
0v)p1v. vYvLhQI?hn nv.pG
tkrv9nvLnX
rv(v.C
nf6
+vKGDnvV
nv",kv$v.8vuv.fo
G (691?n
7o
?
G}H:Chq/k
+vvvKGenvvv1rvvvLo#nvvvcrvvvrovvv.dm,$f
qQOvvv./
ktvvv(1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%nQCi#vvv.QCi,
h>vv.+nvvJnkvv2Onvv2vv1vv"pG vvJ6bvv.Ip+vvKGG vv?vv,vv.On/0ovv$vvupvv)oCf0nvvS
ovvv
6Dvvrvv.
kkvv2q
ovvJQIpG vv!
6vv-p
bvvvv!vvvv/G)pDvvvv1vvvv.Ap1nvvvvcrvvvvJ
nG vvvv$nvvvv.rJp,hE&vvvv$vvvv.G vvvvKj0nvvvvu
ovvvv.f
o+vvvv.D
ovvvv37QD0vvvv7pG$
nRvvvv1vvvv.Ap
G vv$nvvcrvv(nvv.06vv7p,1pvvcnvv1rvv)pG vvE
nvvrvv1vvrnvv7pG vv$ovv?nvvL6OnIptvv$vv.q
ovv!rvv(vv.C
n#vvQp@hn
nvv.G
tkrvv9nvvLnX
rvv(vv.D
ovvVvv.dn
G v$ovPrv9nvEv1v"p
nvuv.fkv2P pvv
nDovu
rv%l1v.)pb
rvJGep
bv!v/tov"
8#v.k
nvcnv"n,hn8
nvurvKp0rv3
lUnvL0vF
l
pvvuovv"
8#vv.Obvv.E vv1vv-p,hn
nvvVvv.Qn#pvv)nG vvuvv.kpvvL0vv)nG
qvvKp0vv)nD
ovvs6
bnvv!nvv1rvv,pvv%oG vvcnvvKGHo,hn&
nvvcvv.P
o
1v. v!6v-p#pv)rP
n pvvn@hn
nvupv)rtv.f
n[nv!nv2ov-o#ov?vLOnR0v.OnIpG v1
nvrpv1v)p,hR0v.OI[v$v#&v1v(v7G vrv!v3,
h 1QERG 7n
G Sv8
hG L60r3p@
G}ew:G vvvEnvvv$rvvvJo vvv!
6vvv-pG vvvKj;
nvvv26vvv:
n&nvvv2pvvv1
6vvv-ohnGnvvv!vvv1vvv!
nvvv-oEp1vvvLG+pvvv1
rvvv%nbvvv!vvv/Op0rvvv(pvvv-pG vvvE
nvvvs8
G vEnv(v1vmphnCbvLGgo1pvc
nv1rv)pG v1nvrv1v)p@hn&nvJr
bv.goCfr
0ov<nv28v9nv(v.&
nvErv)oC
n0vYv.
khn0nvlrv9nvF
nbv!v1v(v.k
ov9v.Mn
G LGOH1)k2G cp!r
%@
Fv}v+v{:#v.Oo#rv(v.qvJr
1nvJnCr
&v.G vuv0enbv!v/Onv18vJp&v.E1rvLG+v1v%n,k
nv!rv(ov9v.1pvd
r#v.1nvJnCr
&v.go
Cn
#vvQp@ nvvJn
j6Oovv&Gd
l0ovv!pvvF7
bnvv!nvv26!qvv.dGu8vvcvv. vv/:o/"!$#
&p(2)@k$.+2+nKpgpG u!$.Jo?
G}Ho:Oo
&Gdl
hn>p1-lhn#o,p%q@
qvvJG1vv9vv!vv/C vv!6vv-oE1vvLG+vv1vv%np1vv. vv9vvuvv. vv1vvmpG vvSvvLbvv16vv7p,h#vv.kvv1vv,vv.#vv)ChG#vvLn
h&.GgmhCDu.em
@h+KG+.G $LGO1. u!$.Jpk2G!07@
(1)G 2rLI:260.
(2)G 2rLI:124.
37www.alukah.net
hG vuv!v$v.JoG v9v2G1v9v!v/G v!6v-oE1vLG+v1v%n1v,v.#ov2rv,nv$nv7
l,ev1vLo#vEvJhOImh/#ov2nv16v(nv7m
k2G!07@t$. %0EJO8+.QO.doGu|k2DJ0=mUE1F
m#Lk.Y
m@
hqvJqv!v(v.Cf8v2vrv/G v$v2v,v$v.Jokv2G vrvVnvWpG vrvLB&v2bv!v/E1v,v.#pv,v.@[v. v$v.
C&,. %8o
2n16)rk2G!0.JhG$D.O0=pG VE1E7p
(1)@
CIv}vO:C v,vKGOv$qv.goGuCo
#6v7k
tv$v.qv.d8vcv. v/kv2Ov.QIG v(vEv"?o{zyxwvutsrq@uwvpo
nmlkj@vwvihgfedc
ba@wwv34127856;<9
:@xwvp(2)@
G}e:CnCv"v)Gyvz
vv&oNpv,$vPgG6*v9Jpfvzv)!nv=v+xv&phLvzv+vzpv&pE<vQG$v+v~np,
hnhnYq
n&o<Zq9JpGy}nO
rM.
E&vv-zCo
#6vv7ly:0ovvcnvv!
8vv%oG vv(6vv.SnG vvHvv1vvLn,h0nvv&o#7vv,vv%kvv2G vv,ovvJi,hn0nvv#
r8nvv$qvv.f1vv-kvv2
G \q
.b7,hn0nrr
9Jhf1-k2G J6
b.IhG c2.OI@
h+.zq.&p:ly:#o\1d
lu,G.Rdl#o(13
l,b.1Jl
PGtL@
h+.zD(1mly:#o&
r#p)l#o.nD8
Jl
,8.Qcl
!SLc,#o!r
9Mpel
1. 9.D1J@
h+v.zRv.tvLl$&vcv%Guy:kv(pvcnv%oG v!
6v-pbv!v1v-tv<v1vLIl,hbv\v.0v.gev.#pvL
nIl
,h+v.0r.1"o+KgG (pc
n%nG ?!1!n
7n
1pSo
ur
LpG $o(rc%O2E.&-@
hGuqvJG>v9v2v.gonmlkjp:GUv\vlv.goG v!6v-oh>vcv!
nv-o
&21q.k
hE#.#.k
,h+JGgoE /ULG[p-pG $P9r1%,hO0(p-pG r.0%@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U440.
(2)G (E":230vvvv123.
38www.alukah.net
hqvvvJ#nvvv)6G vvv!6vvv-obvvv!vvv/E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%n#vvvrvvv.1vvv"nEGvvv0Upvvv-phRvvvuvvvLpgpkvvv 8vvv.gkvvv2G vvvJ&vvv1vvv.
DvvPvv(vv7k
,h+vv2G vvEvv1vv.IoG vv\vv1vv2nvv7o
,hCbvvJ6 vv-G vv<vv.GHnG vv?vvM0vv"nhG$
n>rvvLnG vvuvv<vv1vvLnkvv2
G!GLI(1)@
E1vvLG+vv1vv%oCo
#6vv7l
p,+vv.kvvLOlhGDvvJl
h vvuvv)6kpvvcrvv!nvv-otvv.fkpvvc
rvv"nCo
#6vv7,htvv#&qvv-o
G>vvv9vvv$vvvcvvv:kvvv2RvvvHvvvVvvv-C#vvv7l
tvvv.#vvv!vvv7,h1vvvrvvv2C;vvvLogoDvvv1vvv.3
kvvv2G$#qvvv7Dvvv9vvv/qvvv1vvv.eG P.b7
(2)@
Onvvvu
nvvv9nvvv:pG$eoG
t&rvvv9pvvv_vvv.QG
k pvvvPvvv&Gdm#pvvv)rCh/Op+vvv.hn vvvuvvv(6vvv,vvv%
nvvv%r0nvvv(rvvv2pvvvPvvv.G1pvvvS
nvvvlnvvv-n
kn
rn
. n
:r:+n"pG
t&r
9n,n:
rCn
Or
,p!n
9o
uo
%rDn.rdnO18Jp&.E1LG+1%?
GOv9v#&nvlnv:G$eohqv. v::E1vLG+v1v%opD
nv$nv"nQpOv. v7n
G)pOrv0e
pE v/>
nv$v1vdp
Po
Q806vv9pvv-p#pvv)r1
nvvcrvvJpgp,hnbvv(vvJ#vv.0nvvuovv.f
oG)p&
rvvPvv.f
oDvv.#pvv0
k pvvLpOvv. vv7mOvv.#vv1vv7,kvv(&
6vv-o0vvuvv.f
o
Gn18LG
k p$o?
r9$cp-phnC
n+r!p-phn p(
nlr
Pp-p@
G}n
Ho:+vvKgG!0vv.JoG vv9vv2tvv.&vv:rC
o#7vvuovv%8
nvvSrvvLnD
ovv,vv.G!fn
8ovvSpvv1vvL
oE vv/Rnvv2rAm
BGnvLn@Ef
6G v(v2v26E1vLG+v1v%np1pv.
t>rv9v1v.Rpgp+vKgG/p
tGrv9v2v.QGJp1pv(
nv?v.M
m,hnG
tOrv9pvEvrv.qpv-p
Qo8r
2n
7n
G)p#.#n7p !(.SpCn
q.en#o&n
O6
P9n1r)p8L1.069n1r)p:
G}hd:zG vunvcrv2nv7
ohG v$vPv?vJ
oG vEvLGeoy,h+v.Chdo#vPv?vJm1
nv(nv.g vcv2v.OIpG v!6v-p,
h&n
Sr
LpG Jb.IE /GuNDn1r=
ot.fG1(o-EO$.b1"o0ncp1rT@
hGyvvDvv9!vv,:1vv(vv/G vv$vvPvv?vvJn
G$qvvVvv/ vvcvv2vv.OnIpG vv!6vv-pNh pvv(
nvvSrvvLpG vvJ6bvv.nIphG$#rvvLp
1. $ncr
LhaphG (6,r2p
b)G $o(run
L,D1=t.f0c1T+.h1.q2C1(.F-@
F}+{:h+"t.fzG $P?Jo
G$qV/y#n.>o.OG
kk2R#)O18Jp&.E1LG+1%n?
G}H:kvv2G vv.Gqpvvdp
,Ef6
#vv.Pn
tvvLr&vv.gkvv2qpvvV6vv7p1pvv(vv.ApzG vv2nvv1rvv:pG vvcnvv9rvv1vvspy0nvvuvv.Oo
0nvvv(rvvv\nvvv2pvvvs
obvvv!vvv/zG vvv$nvvvP
rvvv?pvvvJpG$qrvvvVvvv/y,k
nvvv2pvvv(vvv.A
oG vvv$nvvvPrvvv?vvvJpG$qvvvVvvv/tvvv.f1
nvvvcvvvJn
1pvvv(vvv.Ap
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,qVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U437.
(2)G $L>dG P.1s,U440.
39www.alukah.net
zG vv$vvPvv?vvJpG vvEvvLGep
y1vv#Q1vvcvv1vv)Ovv(vv7k(1),h+vvKG#vv.C
nGrvv2nvvLn&vv.1pvv-pQOvv.doG vv!
6vv-p|,
kvLhiG v2vHv.Qjh#vPv!v%lbv)C1v2PQG vfvlv.QjSqv.d:qv!v::0v.QOv.dnGu,
Cn
j7:#P?pJmhoXpdn
k2G$QVCh/k
?
q.d:zG $P?Jo
G ELGeoy@
q!::;%Cjq?
q.d:zG $P?Jo
G$qV/y@
q!::t%t.f11(,$.?
q.d:zCQ1c.fO(7y(2)@
Ef+vKGG vEvJ0v=G vVvEv1vF0vJd7bv!v/Cfq
E1vLG+v1v%np+v.1v.&v2G vuvcv2v7
hG$qV/,h0EJq
OoG $JIn
G M#(1711)1(.F,$.1#&,.CQ1c.fO(7(3)@
kvvv2G vvv.qvvv:pG vvvKjtvvv.fn
kvvv1vvv-pCn
1vvv.CDvvv$vvvJn0ovvvEvvvJ8
Ko
Cn
hr/Ongo,qvvv.#nvvv:rR
nh>vvv9ovvv-
1pv9nvEvYv1vLpC
ntv.GHpG v!
6v1rv$v.&v.X
nv7pG v$ov(rvcpvS
nv7phG vJ6hGApG v$ovP
nvu8v)p v%
n nv%p
G vKjtv.fn
0ovcv.hpOo
envMhnC
n>vPv.#pv,pv%,hn1nvcrvZpG v\
qvcv.ep
G vP6vL0vd
p,k
nv#n
tv!ov.G1pvS
nv,pv1
6v7mCn
qnv"6,;
ov%6Qnq
nvJhG1vcvZ
n
G vvv.nqvvv:p pvvv1nvvv#r
GovvvKhGqpvvvP
rvvv\nvvv,ovvv%r#pvvv)nG vvvL6GD
nvvv7p,1nvvvcrvvvJ
nCn
fr
Cn
Gvvv2vvvLn8rvvv,vvv%Cf
6G vvvrpvvvV
6vvv7n
G vvv9vvv2O1o9.1pc.&
n,.1cJ
nGO9p1r.p̂,p%+2qpV
67o
O18Jp&.EO$.b1"nG K11Fp
b!1-G P0eo@
bnvvv!pvvv$rvvv(vvv.C
nf6
G vvv(6vvv2pvvv26E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%npCn
DrvvvY
nvvvLnR
nhr>nvvv9nvvv-oz+vvv.>
nvvvLnyhGt
1rvvv(nvvv-oG vvv2pvvvu
rvvvLn
G vvv.nDpvvv1vvvJn
zEOvvv$vvv.bvvv1vvv"nyE vvv/#nvvvu6vvv7n
G vvv9vvv2hnUnvvvl
nvvv,vvv.1pvvvr
nvvv.r pvvv-p:{AHGF},
hP pvvvvn
8nvvv(rvvvlvvv1vvvKG
k$pn
#rvvvLpG vvv!6vvv-p8vvvcvvv. vvv/
nvvv-o,hC
nf6
z+vvv.>nvvvLnyZO
nvvv#n
nvvv9rvvv-o#ovvvP
rvvv9nvvv(rvvvupvvvLnIk
bnvvv)p
G vvP6vv2nvv3pG vvKj#pvv)rC
n>rvv!pvv-pC
nDrvvY
nvvLn+ovv$vv.E vv/PGcG vv$vvuvv.fp,hqvv.
nvv: vv-:zB vv!
6vv-oC
n#nvvLnc
1pvvKn
pvvvn
?yqvv.d:&nvvcnvv%r,qvv. vv::k
nvv!nvv)r0ovvY
nvv18vvcnvv(vv.G vv!
6vv-oEPG
k@1vvcvvJP pvvv
nGt
vv9nvvlnvv:nE1vvLG+vv1vv%o
(1)UE1FG 2H.Qj,t9.HCD.O0=G$&21.A,DJ0=Qq%3366.
(2)CGL>-G 2H.Qj,1Lq%3366,h#P!%,1Lq%520.
(3)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U414.
40www.alukah.net
E vv/G vv2nvv1rvv:pG vvEnvvLGe
phnGt
1rvv9nvv,nvv"nE vv/Qn1
8vv-po^]DCBAHG
FELKJIPONM43218765@|xp(1),hn8
nvvv.nq
6vvvlrvvv(vvv.bpvvv(
rvvvJn+vvvKGG vvvEvvvJ
8knvvv!nvvv%r
&n
cr
Lpar#.PGDn
Jn
Kn p%
roe8
hnGt
1r(p,.@
(t.fG$Ho0nr.do+KGG u0en8n$r,1JG
k !2nJAp1. rpV
67pG ?
nJ0JnIp)@
1nvvcrvvJ
nCn
fr
evv.HnE1vvLG+vv1vv%obnvv)r&vv.p̂vvL
njr+vv.>nvvLn,P
n+nvv2nvv:
rE vv/Dnvv1rvv=
o8nvvLnt
nvv:pG
t1rvv(nvv,vv.
hnDv.>pv1qv.8pv,v.,h
n>nv!nvPnv:pG
t&v9v_v.QG
k pv!rvlnvLnL
p,knv,pv2n#ov.qpv(
nv7l
0nvrpv1rv(v.k
8v.#qv.k
Cn
f6
G v!6v-n
nv)r0ovY
nv18vcnv,ov$v.
+p2nhGt
1r(n,.,hnC
n&q
-oOn1ol
nL8
Lotn
Lr
1n,o$.hn0ocp1r(o,o$.b!/G E
n1.IpG 92GGr
9.Qn+. ,$.@
hqvvJDnvvJ
6;vv(vv.QOvv.dGu|8vvlvv.Uvv1vv"nhX
rvvdp
+vv.>vvLnhEOvv$vv.bvv1vv"nkvv2P vvv
G vvvv.GOj,kvvvv(&6vvvv(vvvv.&vvvv#GvvvvK
o+vvvv.#vvvv$vvvv.QhGgG vvvv2vvvvHvvvv.Qjkvvvv2DvvvvJ0vvvv=#vvvv\
qvvvv.d,Qhi
G vv2vvHvv.Qj(2)bvv)bvv2vvJGu1vv)bvv2vv.S[qvv.d:Ch6dn#nvv.G8
6vvHnvvKn
G vv(8vvPnvv.AoG
rvv$pvv(
rvv\nvvs
n
#pv)rqpv2nv"pC
oe8
EpOrv$nv.bpv1v"n,G86vH
nvKn
Jr#pv(rv\nvrv.
k nv9ovcnvl
8v2nC;
nvLn+nv.b
nv!nv/O
nv.QnIn
,;ov%6>
nv.An1pv,nv.
Ep1rvvLnG+pvv1vv%ohn1pvv.1
rvv(pvv,nvv.EpO
rvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"nhn+pvv2n8ovvLrXpvvc
ovv-o,Dnvv96vv/hnX
nvvcnvv,ovv$nvv.bpvv(
rvvJn
G rvv2nvv1rvv:p,bpvv(
rvvJn
OnhrDnvv7mk
nvv.rb
nRn#rvvMnenkpvv2Cb
rvv!nvv/G
rvv$nvvP
rvv?pvvJp,hn nvv1rvvQ
n1pvv$nvvu
6vv7n
0nvv.r#nvv,pvvKmCDnvvJ
l,hn
nvv1rvvQ
n1pvv,nvv.
#nvv.Al,knvv.nX
nvvcnvv,ovv$nvv.+ovv(nvv. pvvv
n,hnhnX
nvvdn
bpvv(rvvJn+ovv$nvv.>pvvL
nG1vv.k
kpvv1vv-p8nvv$rvvLl,hnOpvvr
nvv.Akkpvv1vv-p#nvv.Al,
;ovv%6q
nvvl6vv/Ep1
rvvLnG+pvv1vv%o#ovv(rvv\nvv!pvvrvv.
k,k
nvv9nvv2pvvc
nvv9rvv-oCo
e7EpOrvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"n,k
nvvrvv. vv:
r:0nvv.Ep1rvvLnG+pvv1vv%o,C0rvv)n
8nvvKr
+nvv3ohn8
nvv9rvvLot
ovv(nvv.1pvv,
nvvKnGG
rvv.nGOpj,G
6vvKpj
nvv1rvvQ
nkpvv1vv-pEp&
rvvQlhn/R
nvv2rAl?k
nvvrvv. vv:
r nvv-o
Pn
pvvvn#pvvL
nGQGk
,hn>nvvcnvv"n/0nvv!
rvv9nvvlpvv:
oEp nvv1rvv,nvv.,k
nvvrvv. vv:
r nvv-o:B vv!
6vv-oG
6vvKpjC#nvvLnc
n1pvv,nvvKnG?
q.d:&n
cn%r,q. :
r:EpPn
fr
/0oYn18c
o(n.,;o
%6Qn>n
cn
:r@
knv.&rv\nv!nvsnEp1
rvLnG+pv1v%oDnv96v/EpP
nGt
nv.f
nbpv(rvJn
G v<6v(pv1
6v7pDnv1rv=
o/0nvLnhr&
nv-o,GO
rv9nvrrv2nv"n1pv.
n>rv,pv-p
G rvv2nvv1rvv:
n,;ovv%6Onb
nvv.1pvv,nvv&o/ApG
rvvunvv!pvv$nvv.Jp,hnQnk
nvvdn0nvvJn0rvv-pk
nvvrvv.d:o^]DC
BAHGFELKJIPONM43218765@|xphn>
nvvvvvvcnvvvvvv!nvvvvvv:
rCo
e7
(1)E1LG+1%:37.
(2)G 2H.Qj,t9.HCD.O0=G$&21.A,1.H:oRp,DJ0=Qq%3364.
41www.alukah.net
EpOrvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"n8
ovvLrXpvvd
oEpOrvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"nhn8
nvvSrvvLnHo#pvv)rP
n pvvvn
G rvv$nvv.Ap,D
nvv96vv/EpPnG&
nvvlpvvJ
n#nvv.kpvv2G vvP
8vvrnvv.Apb
nvv\pvvTnG1rvv(ovv,nvv.,hn>
nvvcnvv!nvv:r
8nvv(rvv_ovvLoEp
nvv1rvv-p0nvv9nvv!
nvv.6i,Chrqvv.d0nvv9nvv!
nvv26vv]o,k
nvv.&rvv\nvv!
nvvrnvv:r
tnvLnG+pv1
nv7n
Cfr
8nv(rv_ovLnEp
nv1rv-p,k
nv.n>
nvJn
JpG vV6vl
nv.Cq
rvLnHn>
nv2nv"m
kpv2G$QrVp0nv!pv1v,nv.,k
nvrnv.#nv:
r
bnvv!nvv1rvv-p,;
ovv%6GO
rvv9nvvrrvv2nvv!nvv:pG
rvv.nGOpjn8
nvv(rvv_ovvLo+nvv"r8
nvvLniCD
nvvJGk
,knvv!nvv%r8
nvvLnCD
nvvJGk
knvv,nvv2nvv\
nvv:r#pvv)n
G vV6vl
nv.D
nv96v/EpPnG1
nv!nvfnv:pG
rv.nGOpjnQnk
nvcnv:
r[nvLnanOpQ
rbpv,nv.,;
ov%6O
nvcnv:r
Onvcrv2nG)p&
rvPnv.fp
G rvv$nvv?
rvv,ovv.OpDnvv96vv/>
nvv.hnRn
JpG rvv.nGOpjn,;
ovv%6C8
nvv:pG
rvv$nvvLrhnInk
nvvrnvv.#nvv:
rbnvv!nvv1rvv,nvv.hn&
nvv_nvvLnJr+nvv"r
8n
LniCD
nJGk
kn
!n
%r8n
LnCD
nJGk
,kn
ln
cn!n
:rP
n pvn
On
2r
dn#nL
6GJm@
qv.dG1rv)obnv26v.S
m:qv.dG v(6v2pv27|:zp
nvPnypvxn
S
nvgrv,oGyv"vv9Sp<
nv+rv"nv%ov}nv9y(1).knv!nv$6v.
CRrvvvLnk
nvvv:r
bnvvv!nvvv/G
rvvv$nvvvLrhnIpO
nvvv$pvvvcnvvv:
rUnvvv.r8vvv.
k,k
nvvvrvvv. vvv:
r:Unvvv-mvvvv8
ovvvLp0vvvJo&
nvvvlrvvvPnvvv,nvvv.vvvv;
ovvv%6
8nvvPnvv$6vvcnvv:
r,knvvPnvv$pvvc
nvv:rC0rvvYvv.
k,k
nvvrvv. vv:
r:qnvvJr
COrvv$nvvcrvv:
nEpfr
tnvv.f
nbpvv(rvvJn
cn
epvv.nGKl
,knvv(pPnG
+pv2n1pv. rv$nv!
nvvpbpv(
rvJn#nv.rXpvd
pRn#rvMnen,k
nv2nvE
nv=n
1pvcnvrpv2pv-p,Ch
rqv.d:1pv?
nv(nv.Dpv-p,Dnv96v/^
nv,nvLn
G rvv$nvv.Ao,k
nvv?nvvcnvv!
nvv:r
8ovvEnvv.8X
ovv-ohn8
nvvrovv.do1pvv1
nvvJp+nvv.+nvvunvvKnG,hn>
nvvcnvv!nvv:r
8nvvfrvvLpao#pvv)nG
rvv$nvv.Apkpvv2
Oprn
.Fp,n.hn+o.n0nlo
.Qo1n
cr
Jn#n.8
nfr
Lpao@
qvv.dG1rvv)obnvv26vv.S
m:qvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv27|:z*nvvQrInvv~oGyvvz
vvv&oC
oevEpS
rvv}nvv9fpvv+vv{n
,ynvv(r@
nvvQnv
nvvBr
Rn
|
rR
nenvvvvChrs9d:yn(ry
n~
r@
nj
rQpar
|p#nGyr
}
n9Apvvvvy
nw
n9!nB
rRn
|
rR
neof
n+r"9k
|
ngp+"9
ky(2).
qv.d:knvSvLp1
nv:rhnCQrX
nvcnv:
rhn nvJn+nv.,k
nvrnv.d
n nv,nv.G
rv$nv!
nvvo
:/8nvHnv.kov.GG vY
6v1rvcnv7
n,
knvvv(pf
6+nvvv.+ovvv(nvvv.1
nvvv1rvvv:nG vvv!
6vvv-p0nvvv2rvvv(pvvv1vvv-+nvvvK
nGG
rvvvfovvv0eohnC1ovvv.go,hnEpf
6G vvv!
6vvv-n/0ovvvYpvvv1vvvd
oC+rvvv!nvvv-o,
hntnvv.f
nG rvv2nvv1rvv:
o#ovvLr8nvvlpvvcvv.k
#pvv)nG$QrVptnvv. vvL6G1pvv1
nvv7p,8nvv#r
8pvv1vv-pG vvP7vv1ovv.dok
nvv9nvv#G
ovvKo
bnvv)r0nvv$pvv1vv(pvv-p
hnRp$n. p-p@
knvvvunvvv.&nvvv:r
tnvvvKn
pvvvvn
Dnvvv96vvv/#nvvvL6Jr1pvvv,pvvv%rQok
rvvvrnvvv7l
#pvvv)r>ovvvLr+ovvv%n,ChrC+rvvv"o1
nvvv1rvvv:m#pvvv)r
>ovLr+ov%n,#ovrrv2pv!pv1v)n#pv)r[
nvLp0vsptnvJnGAm,k
nv(nvMn
ov.Gkpv2CO
rvlnv"p#nvu
6v7n
,knvLnChrG[
nv.FpvLGk
bnv.Fpvlv.
k,
knvvrvv. vv.G:Epf
6+nvvKnGG vv\
6vv.FpvvLn
nvv1nvvJohQob
nvv!nvv/#nvv.Am,
nvvcnvv,rvvJo&
nvv.1pvv,
nvvKnGG
rvv.nGOpjhn#nvv.kpvv1vv-p#nvv.Al,
knv#QrO
nv!ov.G>
nvLp03v.Chr>nvLp06v1rv)pk
nv(pPnG+ov%r1pv.
rv$nv.Ap,k
nvLn>
nvcov.Gknv#G
rv2nvLoh+ov%r1pv.
rv$nv.Apk
nv#qrv2nv!ov.G,
(1)G 2H.Qj,t9.HCD.O0=G$&21.A,1.H:oRp,DJ0=Qq%3364.
(2)G Vl.:G E?LG$#!Q##G.P#)G Vl.@h+.+(.GO%q\c7#)>2"C12q21Q@
42www.alukah.net
qv.d:hCo
e7EpOrv$nv.bpv1v"nbpv(
rvJn
G rv$nv.Ap,k
nvrv. v.G:C8nv#
rPn
&pv1v)n nv(nv.Cf
r&nv(rvMpd
nbpv(rvJn
cp?knvrv. v:
r:
&n
cn%r,hn
nup)r/D
ns6
nuo
%rkp2G r
$n.Ap,q. .G:&n
cn%r@
qv.dG1rv)obnv26v.S
m:qv.dG v(6v2pv27|:zp
nvzyrvqnv)P
nypvxn
CoevEpS
rv}nv9fpv+v{n
hn$pv,n@
ovJpv>
w
G}o!rvvU
ny.knvv(nvvMn
ovv.GhnCQrO
nvv!ovv.GEp
nvv/C+rvv!pvv1vv,pvv%rk
nvv(nvvMn
ovv.G#nvvcnvv,ovv%r,D
nvv96vv/EpPnGt
nvv.f
n1pvv,nvv.C+rvv"o
C1rvv1nvv.Jm#pvv(rvv,ovv%r,hnR
nvv3
6G rvvfovv0eohn8
nvvcnvv!
6vv%nG
rvvcnvvLn1pvv1
6vv7n
#pvv(rvv,ovv%r,hnC&
rvvlnvvPnvv,ovv%rhnCb
rvv?nvv2nvv,ovv%rDpvv1vv)n
Rn
36,k
n!n
$6.COrQncn
Rn
h6>o.goG#rL
nCIk#p(
r,o%r@
hn#nv.8nv:rC
oe7EpO
rv$nv.bpv1v"n,knv?nv.AnEp1
rvLnG+pv1v%o1nvcrvJ
n#nv.8nvMnh6LnEpO
rv$nv.bpv1v"o0ov\nv. pvd
o8nvLpt
nv9nv-o,
knv!nv%r0nv?pvJ
rEpOrv$nv.bpv1v"n,k
nvPnv#d
nG#rvLnC
n8nv-ob
nv(rv-oknvrnv. nv:r:G
nvLnLn0nv2rv9nvfpv2
nv(nv.,;
ov%6O
nv# nv,nv.b
nv)r
bnvv1rvvSpvv,pvv%rhn+nvv1rvv,nvv9pvv,pvv%r,k
nvvrnvv. nvv:r:&
nvvErvv)o1pvvS
nvvL5
,&nvvErvv)okpvv2Xpvv1vvsmhnRpvvJ
6Im,k
nvvSnvvunvv:rEp
nvv1rvv-p,
q.d:kn
(pPnG>
n.AnR
nhr>o
vpkn
.qr
LnFp2b
n!n
1r-pG P6
0en,hnqo
. p2 n
-o0ofn18L
rbn
9n
2n
7n
1n
.1p-p@
knvv!nvv$6vv.>
nvv.AnEpOrvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"ot
nvv#&
6vv-oB&
nvvQn
Rnvv1rvv,vv.
k,k
nvvrvv.d:+nvv"r>
nvv.Antovv%r#pvv)rCD
nvvJm?
qvv. vv:r:&
nvvcnvv%r,>
nvv.An&nvv.R
nvv1rvvI
ltnvvKnGhnt
nvvKnG,k
nvvPnvv#
nvv(nvv.b
nvv(rvvvn
knvv#G
rvv2nvvLr8
ovv-o,hnO
nvv# nvv(pvv2t
nvv1rvvm
n
bnvv1rvvS
ovv(nvv.,k
nvv#G
rvv2nvvLr8
ovv-oC&
6vv.kpvv2>
nvv,rvvJmhnRpvvJ6Im,qvv.d:k
nvv,nvv"rChrU
nvv.cp1pvvSnvv2rAm?qvv. vv:
r:
&nvcnv%r,C#nvLn&pv2Cf
rCqrvLnCb
nv!nv1rvv
nG vP
6v0en,hn0nvrov.doenv18vLrb
nv9nv2nv7n
1nv.1pvv
n,qv.d:P
nGcpC1pv2,
hnqn
Jr
C#nLn&p2Cf
rCo
kn
.Qpqn
vp,G r
En
rp21p#+r!pvp,kn
\n!
6rn,n.,hn8
nMnh6Ln#p(
r,o%rCo
Gr
Lni@
knvv!nvv2pvv=
nbnvv(rvv,ovv%rEp1
rvvLnG+pvv1vv%o#nvv.Rnvv.AnG vv!
6vv-o,;
ovv%6C8
nvv.+ovv%r1
nvvcrvvJo
knvv!nvv%r0nvv?pvvJ
rgo,k
nvvJn
Gnvv"n
bnv!nv/G#rvLnC8pv-pk
nvPnv#
nv,nv.b
nv(rv-o,knvrv. v:
r:GnvLnLn0nv2rv9nvfpv2
nv(nv.,qv.d:t
nv1rvm
nC&rv9ov%r?hnO
nv# nv,nv.
bnvv)rb
nvv1rvvSpvv,pvv%rhn+nvv1rvv,nvv9pvv,pvv%r,knvvrvv.
nvv:r:&
nvvErvv)o1pvvH
nvv1rvvLmhnO
nvvcnvv7m,hnC;rvv(nvv:
rbnvv!nvv/G vv!
6vv-p@k
nvvrvv.d:
#nv.[nvcnv.#ovu
ov%r?qv. v:p:G v!
6vErv%o@qv.d:k
nv$nv.R
nvLnG1ovu
ov%r?qv. v:p:G
rv$nv.Ao@qv.d:G v!
6v,ov%6
1nvv.Qpc
r nvv,ovv%rkpvv2G vv!
6vvErvv%
phnG rvv$nvv.Ap,qvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv27|:zhny
nvv~r*nvvw
ovv#ry
nvv%ovv~r*nvv(r|nvv8pvvPmI
nvv>t,
hnynv(rv
nv9fny
nv%ov~rOnf
nv9y
nv%ov~rppv+v&py.qv.d:k
nv,ov$nv./0nvH
rv!ov.b
nv!nv1rv,pv$nv.CD
nvJl
1pvfnv1rvLp#nvu
6v7n
Ep/
nvv%r0ovv.nGkpvvr
nvv.go@qvv.d:k
nvv(pPnG>
nvv.AnRn
hr>ovvvpk
nvv.qrvvLnFpvv2p,hn#ovvLp0vv-p0ovv<
rvv2pvv:
obnvv9nvv2nvv7
n1nvv.1pvv-p@
knv!nv$6v.>
nv.AnEpOrv$nv.bpv1v"oqv.d:+nv"rC8
nv.tov%r#pv)rCD
nvJm?qv. v:r:&
nvcnv%r,C8nv.&
nv.R
nv1rvIl
DnvP
nv)o
G rv,nv1rv,nv7p,hnC;
rv(nv:
rbnv!nv1rv-p,k
nvPnv#
nv(pv2b
nv(rvvn
knv#G
rv2nvLr8
ov-o,k
nvPnv#
nv(pv2t
nv1rvm
nbnv1rvS
ov(nv.k
nv#G
rv2nvLr8
ov-oC&
6v.
1pvHnv1rvLm,qv.d:k
nv#hrU
nv.cp1pvSnv2rAm,qv. v:
r:&nvcnv%r,+ov.n0nvrrvLnC
obnv!nv1rvv
nG vP
6v0en,hn0nv##ovLocn
Cfr
8o
<r
2p:n
bn
9n
2n
7n
1n
.1pvn
,q.d:PnGcpC1p2hnC&
r:pG
rcn
9n
2n
7o
,C#nLn&p2Cf
rCo
#rPpun
vp@
43www.alukah.net
;ovv%6
nvv2pvv=
nbnvv(rvv,ovv%r#nvv.R
nvv.AnG vv!
6vv-o,;
ovv%6>
nvv.An1nvvcrvvJ
nPn
pvvvn
,hnEpOrvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"o0nvv2rvvLpj&
nvv2rvv0
k
nv-o8
nvErv:
nOnhrDnv7mq
nvLp0v2v.
k#pv)rR
n#rvMnen,knv!nv$6v.QnBgoq
nv.enEp
nv1rv-p,k
nvVnv(nvcnv.t
nv$nv.0nvV
rv(nvdoG
rv.nG pvJ
o
1pvv. rvv.n
nvvJphnG
rvv.n
nvvJo
1pvv. rvv.nG pvvJp,;
ovv%6qvv.d:0nvv.EpO
rvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"o,Epf6
G vv!6vv-nC#nvvLn&pvv21pvv##rvvLm,qvv.d:
knv.U
rv(nvdr#nv.C#nvLnc
nQn17vv
n,qv.d:hn8
ovcpv1v(
ov(pv2?qv.d:hC
obpv1v(ovvn
,qv.d:knv(pf
6G v!
6v-nC#nvLn&pv2
Cfr
C1rvv(pvv2n+nvv.+ovv(nvv.1nvv1rvv9vv.
k,hnCR
nvv.QnEp
nvv/Ct
nvv$nvv7m#ovvLr8nvvlpvvc
nvv7mbnvv!nvv/#nvv.D
nvv.r nvv,nvv.,qvv.d:k
nvvcpvv(
rvvJn
Pn
pvvvn
Qnknvvcnvv.G
rvvrnvv.nGbpvvJ
n#pvv)nG rvv2nvv1rvv:p,k
nvv?nvvcnvv"nEpO
rvv$nvv.bpvv1vv"o0nvv#8pvv21pvv. rvvEpvv?
nvv.QnIphnEp1rvvLnG+vv1vv%o
0nvv2rvv(pvv2,Dnvv96vv/EpP
nGGQr8
nvvlnvvdnG
rvv2pvv(nvv.Ao,>
nvv.An1pvv,nvvKnGG
rvvEnvv?
nvvLpknvv.nX
nvvcnvv-o
nvv-ok
nvvrnvv.enb
nvv!nvv1rvv-p,hn+ovv.n
0nvvv2rvvv(pvvv2hnEpOrvvv$nvvv.bpvvv1vvv"o0ovvv(nvvv.hp
ovvv-oG
rvvvEpvvv?
nvvv.QnIn
,hn+ovvv$nvvv.0nvvvrovvv./fpo>3412
78pqvv.d:knvv?nvvcnvv00nvv2rvv(pvv1
nvv.fpDnvv96vv/0nvvJohQnGD
nvv.rdnG rvv2nvv1rvv:phn+ovv$nvv.0nvvrovv./fp
o>341278p[G 2rLI:127])(1)@
CIvv}vvO:C8vvcvv!vv%0vv.C1vv2:Efq
+vvKgG vvrpvvV6vv7p8vvcvv!vv$vv(vv.CRvv1vv.A#vv9vvcvvJOI@Ch vv,vv.
GDvv9vvLGe#vv!vvuvv1vv7G!GnvvLp0vv)n,;
ovv%qbvvJeG vv96vvcnvvJ
8jbvv!vv/G vvY
7vvcnvvlvv.Ap,hG
tDvv9vvLGeoG vv?vv1vvLGfp,
hGDvv9vvLGeG vv$vvLCIpkvv2G vvcnvv$nvv"p vv9vvEvvVvv1vv"G vv$vvcvv.T,;vv%qG vv.kvv.Ao,;ovv%6G)Gvv0Uokvv2
to"
8+KgG $.GXpd
p@
Fv}v+v{:hOv&G v2+v.:+nv"r0nvEpvs7 pv%
nHpG v96vJnG
7v"okv2D
nv1v.IpGt
1v(pv-pkv1v##ovLogo1pv9nv\rv!v1vsp
Rn
hr>n
9p-pCn
hpG $oE.kn
_n
7pbn!n
1r,.,Cn
n
1rQn
k2+KG8n
Jn
G7"lk2G
oV.Up16.JpG)p&
rP.f?
G}Ho:E1vLG+v1v%o nv1rvQ
n#ov?vLqOnCHm
,knv,ov.n&
nv2pv27G v!
6v-pG v$ovLrO
nv"oG vKj/0nv(rv\pvso
bnv)p
G v,v.i,knv,ov.nC
nbrv!nv%o#pv)pG
t1rv(pv-p1pv$v.0nvV
rv!ovFoh#v./0vVv!vF@;
ov%6Ef
qCn
j6CHm
kv2G v.o>v.Op0nvv,rvv9nvv%71pvv$nvvVvv. pvvF
pCn
1rvv(vv.Fpvv-phn0nvvHvv.aob
nvv!nvv1rvv,vv.,hn#pvv)rhG>pvv3pG/
t1rvv)p[vv.b
nvv7o
hG vvJn0vv-p1pvvSnvvLrWpC
nfr
0nvcrv!nv%n8
nvrrv.G+ov$v.hnDpvu
rv$nv9nv,ov$v.bv!v/C
nfr
0nvuv.fn
8nvJn
G7v!ov,ov$v. pv$nvV
rv!nvEnv7pG$
oOrvLnIpt
nvuov"qhn
nv1rvQ
n
$pn
+rv.GAmRnvHrvVpv1
6v7m@hnOnv18vJo&v.E1vLG+v1v%obv(vJ#v.C#nvLnG
t1v(nv-1pv9
nvfrv1v1vLpb
nv9nv2nv7n
1v.1pv- v%0nvuov)rv̂. pv$v.
k
hn/#ovvlvv9vvL0vv.k
,hn nvvupvv(
6vv-otvv.f0ovvL0vvJo/p
t1rvv(pvv-pG vvM
6hr>nvv7n
G vvV6vv. pvvE
nvv7n
G vv9vv2+pvv2nG$n
Ovv.Sokvv21pvv(vv.AG vv2nvv1rvv:pG vvV
qvv. pvvFp
G vvP6vvcvv1vvJp;hG vvM
6hr>nvv7o
G vvVvv. pvvEnvv7
o nvv1rvvP
nvv:r
knvvrnvv]vvvvtvv$vv.qvv!vv(vv.Ovv.1vvrvv.
kvvvv+pvv2n
G v9v28ov\pv1
rvdoR
nhr>nv,v.G vV
qv. pvFn,hn
nvupv)r+v2G v9v2/8
ovlrvSpv2C
nOrvLGQngo$
nDnvJm,hG
t v9v28
nvrrv(nvdo
(1)G 2H.Qj,DJ0=Qq%3364.
44www.alukah.net
1v$v.qnvPnv$nv-oG v!
6v-o v,v.#pv)rQpR
rbm@k
nvcnv)rC1v2+ovLn0vLISbv)G v(v2v2q|qv.d:z:*nvTrvAovQo
fv=vOl
fv=vOGk
pv,GyvOw!v+v9E:q
S
nvAnvQngoGyvzvv&o*nv(renGyvtpv+v9|v?py
(1).hnbnv)rC
oe8
Onv!nv$nv7
nZqv. v::qv.d
QOvv.doGu|:zC*wv}v9Gt|vQCIm|v9@
nvBr,hnR
nhrF
ov%v9fnv"rv%v9QGVm
OnLnvznvBpG
tyvGnv"vv?
ny(2).hnb
nvv)pG vvvrnvvv(vvv.b
nvvv7pCn
Grvvv2nvvvLnbvvv2vvvJ
oG vvv!
6vvv-p1pvvv)obvvv$vvvLmh
[Cn
f6
QnOvvv.dnG vvv!6vvv-p|q
nvvv.d
n:zs
nvvOr
Cnp
rvvznvvKn|
nvv#r
Cn
S
rz
n~
n,hnQoRpbn
v
nq9p9
k,hs
n"vgn&oGyz
v&o<p}9B@9g
oy(3).
Fvvv}vvv+vvv{l
:8ovvv\vvv1vvvd
oRn
hr>nvvv,vvv.G vvvV
6vvv. pvvvFn?h+vvv"r#pvvv)rR
nvvvLrWpG vvv\
6vvv.bnvvv7pC
nfr
0nvvvuovvv.f
n
G $o\.Yo
U. pE.k
?
vvvv[nvv2rvvcvv.
k,kvv. vvV
qvv. vvFo+vv.G
qvvKj0ovv\pvv1
rvvdoQn16vv-o,hn#nvv)r/0ovv\vv1vvd
oQn16vv-kvv0bnvv?
nvv3n
EPG n
%r8o
\pcr-oR
nhr>o-o(4)@
CDv$vJ:C1v2,CPtvLC&v(v2#vLQJ1vKtvLDv.O;v7bv?v1v2v7kv2Ov.QIG vVv.kv.J
b)O1qJ&.E1LG+1%hG1(-,k$.OLq+KgG E.O;7?
G$H:1vvv.QcGu1vvvv0vvv.1vvv(vvv2,E&vvv,vvv.Dvvv.O;vvv7G vvvLD0vvv.G vvv9vvv2QB+vvv.Ovvv1vvvJ&vvv.E1vvLG+vv1vv%bvv!vv1vv-G vvPvv0ekvv2G vv$vv(vv.e,EPC#vvLgGukvv2+vvKgG vvLD0vv.Cf0vvK1vvFG1vv(vv-G .D1JEO$.b1"@
Ovv.#vv2:#vv.PG?0vvK1vvFG1vv(vv-?!C0ovvcvvrnvv"oCf0vvK1vvFG vv(vv2vv2qE1vvLG+vv1vv%oG1vv(vv-G vvKjG&9_L#?1,-1l.QZG V2L?C/0ul2C&-8Lt-k2hGOmb1LPjRQY?!!@
G$H:EfE1LG+1%&22qGu,h+.Cb!%1$S1,7Guh \l-@
hqvvJkvvPqvvLE1vvLG+vv1vv%G vvLD0vv.1vv#&vv,vv.C#vvL#vv)GuhCfbvv!vv1vv-G vv\vv.bvv7,hGGvv9vv.Q
Cf0cLVG$#Lb!/G1(- 1S.Qt-k2C>LG \.b7@
>$1":h#.+2G!0.JG 928Lhj+KgG E.O;7?
G$H:qvvvv.d8vvvvcvvvv. vvvv/:{edcba)*+,-
(1)G $LhI:CU">2"q1c.f@hG Vl.hG $LhI>20f1. rLH#)#.XdG 21:@(2)#P!%,1Lq%2590.
(3)G 9L#KjhG1)#.>-,hq.d:DJ0=DP),hG E.t%hq.d:UE1F@(4)#P!%,1Lq%1054,hCD$J1)D(2"hG 9L#KjhG1)#.>-@
45www.alukah.net
./0!"#$%&’(9:;<=Awuv>?@1Axuv234Ayuv5678IJKAzuvLMNOPA{uvABCA|uvDEFGA}uvHYZA~uv[\
]Auvv^_‘QAvvv}(1)@
h vvcvv"qG$#vvL0vv)vvvv1vv(vv.AG vvuvvcvv2vv7hQD0vv.P1vvFEOvv$vv.bvv1vv"vvvvtvv.&vv.kvv2G vvM0vv.QI&vvlvvPvv,vv.,G vv9vv2qvv.1vv"kvv1vv,vv.E1vvLG+vv1vv%G1vv(vv-EOvv$vv.bvv1vv"bvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.G vvPvv0e,1vvcvvJevv1vv.H
Ovv(vv.GJbvvJ0vvJI,kvv2vv(vv1vv.G vv2vv1rvv:,hCPq
fE1vvLG+vv1vv%1vv. vvEvv@,htvv.&vv:#vv(vv.OvvvG vvEvv@,
hQCiE1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%bvvv!vvv1vvv-G vvvPvvv0eQD0vvv.P1vvvFEOvvv$vvv.bvvv1vvv",htvvv.fG vvvlvvvJGA,htvvv.&vvv:
G$XE17,ht.fb1JG$XE/,ht.&:#(.OvG E@!hGuCb!%(2)@
G}ev:+nv"r&nvPpv1
rv9ov%Cn
f6
G v!6v-nO
ov2rvEv.&nv-oh8vcv. v/#nvJnMnO
nv18vJn&v.EOv$v.bv1v"n1pvrnv.r v-:
{edcba[\YZ_‘@yz]^
STQRWXU@zzp(3),kvvvvvv. vvvvvvVqvvvvvv.Opb
oG vvvvvv$ovvvvvv.kvvvvvv2
1pvvcovv,vv.Opgp,G vvKj0vv##ovvLoC+vv!
nvv-o1vv(qvv.#nvv7pR
nvvcvv.FvvLpG vvJ
80vv),/0ovv$rvvupvv)oCf0nvvcrvvVvv2hG vvJn0rvv-p,
h+vv$vv.CDnvvs
7G vv(qvv.Sp1vv. vv\qvv.b
nvv7p,EpP+pvv2n#pvv)1vv.HpG vv2pvvL8
1vv. vv.G vvJn0vv)p,hnRn
h>nvv9ovv-0nvv?pvv3
o
Cn
fr
8vvuvv.fn
#pvv<rvv!ovv-ohn8
ovv\pvv1vvc
ovv-o$pn
&6vv-oC
nDnvvs
71pvv\vv.b
nvv9pvv,vv.#pvv)renvv1rvvLpgp,hn/8
ovvlrvvSpvv2C
nOrvvLGQngo,
hn8n
rr(nd
o1p$.q
nPn$n-oG !
6-o@
G}Ho:hn pvvv,vvvKG,hn$p&6vvv-ohnkpvvv24hnUvvv.Opb
l,C
nQrOnvvv!
nvvv-oG vvv!
6vvv-o&
nvvv2pvvv1
3vvv.E vvv/>ovvvLr+ovvv%,
$pn
f6
G .k.AnhG V8
Jr
bn
#p)rCn
1r
LRpUpl.JpG$n
&r
2p1.Ap@
kvrvJhUvmGuEOv$v.bv1v"bv!v1v-G vVv0IhG vPv0ekv2G vrvLBf:E&v-QOv.dl
&vvv2vvv2q,E&vvv-Uvvv.ObG vvv.bvvvJ,htvvv.f0vvv##vvvLC+vvv!vvv-1vvv. vvvVvvv0IhG vvvMtvvv.I,h+vvv.#vvvLXvvv24
bvv(vvJGu,h+vv.#vv)G vvVvv.1vvL0vv)G vvVvv. vvEvv1vv)G vv$vvLDvv.#vv1vv),tvv$vv.C&vv-#vv)G$Gvv1vv.Q
(1)O.QIG V.k.J:102vvvv111.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U395.
(3)#L0%:54vvvv55.
46www.alukah.net
G K0)GG9.Qn+o%GuhGU\ln
.+o%r,b!1-G V0IhG P0e@
CIvv}vvO:hn+nvvv"rPo
tpvvvLn
kvvv2G vvvrovvvLBfpG vvvunvvvL0vvv%
pCfq
EOvvv$vvv.bvvv1vvv"ntvvv.f#ovvvLrOnvvv0
kE vvv/
>o
Lr+o%?
G}H:z>vvL+vv%y vv%8ovvKr
tnvvLrkvv2G vvrovvLBfp,qvv2vv"v̂v,vv.QG)Ovv0etvv.f0ovv.>vvJ
o
#nv?v$v.bnv7l
#pv)nG v(qv.Sp0ovPnv$6v.rf
n1v. vE
ov(nvlv.ApG v$ov.nD8vJ0v)n,k
nvunv1rvm
n8nv.nU
6v!v.GE v/#nvcrvLpknv7p
G vvJ8
0vv)pG vvEnvv(vv1vvmpvvvvOp0vv)pE1vvLG+vv1vv%nvvvvEPG
nvv%r0nvvu
ovv)r+vv(vv.c
n&nvv2pvv240nvvJrbvv.+ovv%,hntvv$vv.
bnvvLnk
rvv(vv.C
nf6
Onvv18vvJn&vv.E1vvLG+vv1vv%n
nvv%r0nvvcpvvT
rkvv2>
nvvM0vvLIpG vvcvvLHp1vv"tvv.f0vvcvv1vvTkvv2kpvv!nvvPrvv\vv1vv)n,h1vv$vv.Cf>
ovvLr+ovv$vv.k
#pvv)nG vvcnvvLnHp,hn1pvv$vv.Cn
f6
EOrvv$vv.bvv1vv"nbvv.Tn#nvvcnvv,ovv%r
hnUnvvv.+nvvvL+ovvv%,hn1pvvv$vvv.C
n&6vvv-o&
nvvv2pvvv24t
nvvvL0vvv%ltvvv$vvv.&
nvvvcrvvv!
nvvv%o,kvvv,vvv.&
nvvv2pvvv24#ovvvLO
nvvv"E vvv/1nvvv(pvvv2
>o
L+%,Cn
jr:E /G cn
LnHp@
G}ew:h vv$vv.PG&nvvKr
+nvv3oE vv/G/p
tOvv9vv(vv9vv.>vv.Jp#vv.OGe+ovv(vv.cB0vv7
l8nvvJo
d7
bvv!vv/+vvKGG vvuvv0e
p?hqvvJqvv.d8vvcvv. vv/kvv2Ovv.QI#vvL0vv%#vv.ODvv.
kOvv1vvJn&vv.EOvv$vv.bvv1vv":oed
cba[\YZ_‘@yz]^ST
QRWXU@zzp(1)@
kvvrvvJCRvv.OGu1vv-hC;vv(vv/bvv!vv1vv-,$&vv-tvv.fUvv.Obn
G vv.nbrvvJ,htvv.fQOvv./
k
&21q.k
,ht.f0##LoC+!
n-o1. V0IhG Mt.I,ht.f#nL
rXp1q.k
b(JGu(2)@
F}+{:t.f0##oLo(C+!
n-o),C
njr:R
nhr>n
9n-hC
nh/Ong?
G}e:+vvvKGG vvvuvvv0eoUvvvEvvv1vvvF,h vvvuvvv(qvvv,vvv.Cn
0rvvvYvvv.k
8nvvvSrvvv$nvvv"vvvvbvvv!vvv/G vvv96vvv.nO
7vvvdp
vvvv
Cn
hr/OghCn
Drvlv.OngohnP
nQGQp0nv-o,htv"6#v.0nv?
rv$nvcov,ov%r1pv-p#pv)r&nvPnv3
mCn
hrOp0v)m
Cn
hr#v.0v?vLj
#nv?rvLG+ov$v.#pv)rUpv(v.b
nv7mCh1nv1rv:mC
nhr1
nv!nvJm
(3)@h+vKG0nvJrGov"oXpv$rv)n#v.0ovP
nv$6v/1v. v96vcv2v1vLpG $?.RpjqzG up(.0n7
ny@
^nvv"6+vvKGG vvJ0vv)ozG)pOvv0eoy0nvvJp0rvv)o1pvv-pG vvc
nvvLnHoDvv9vv/OnGnvv!nvv:pG vv.n;
nvv(pvv1
6vv7o
hnbpvv2vv.OnIo
(1)#L0%:54vvvv55.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U383.
(3)#.O.b7G lr-G)O0#2@
47www.alukah.net
G$n
Urv(v.e
pbv!v/0vJpb
nv$rvLphG1rv)p
ovEnv25,kvVv.QG vE
ov(vlv.Ao0nv9nv(v.qvVov.f8
nvJr
Qp0v?pv13v.,hn0nvMrOGOo
bnvv2nvvJ
nIo
G$h;vv.fphG$Urvv(vv.e
pDvv9vv/G
t&rvv9nvvS
nvvLhGkvv2>
nvvMp0vvLIpG vvcnvvLnHp,kvv.Xvvcvv.GG$Uvv(vv.en
OGGpvv"nG vvunvvcrvv2nvv7phnbvv2nvvJ
oh+vv.+ovv(vv.c
nkvv2Cbvv1vv.OmGvv.U
6vv7m1pvvuovv"
8Unvv(nvv%
m#pvv(rvv,vv.@hnq
nvvJpG
t&rvvYnvv%6
Ep nvv1rvv,pvv%C
n+rvv"o#nvvu
6vv7n
G vvK0vv)ntvv.&vv.GDvv9vv/P vvvG vvEpvv1vv)pbvv!vv/O0vv)pE1vvLG+vv1vv%n,hn nvv%r0nvvcovvJr
Cn
Dn
Jl0nK
rto
LoOp0)nG 96.D1JpE/
q1cZ
oG$kLGOpG $o9n
ln
L8
q1)+(.h+(.c@CIvv}vvO:G vv!
6vv,vv%6Uvv"
8bvv!vv/>
nvv$vv1vvdp
Cn
&rvv2vv1vv.FpvvvhQoO
ovv!pvvvn@
nvvrnvvJr
8nvvcpvv2vv.Gtvv<vv1vvLG
k
hb.&n
.Gtn
<p1LGk
,E/q
Cn
f6
>o,.On+o%t.OnJr8
nY1do+n2.Ak
n.r/QnD
r$n7o
G !6
-p@G}
nHo:$vPGYvJv+vKl.pv9yvz
vv&oQnIv+v~l<pvgpv=v9Opgp.hny
nvwpv#r*nvGpv>
oCn
fr:@
nv"rvTv)V
nv+rv8v9
k
hn$ovv(nCn
fvGyvvzvvv&n*ovvDpvv+rvv>
ov
ovv{v
E!vvTvv9fm|
ovvJrvvTpvv#m,hnsnvvOr
Fvv9AJr$vvPpgpGyvv=
ovvWrvvQipvv,GyvvtovvQBfp
GywQ*~p
:o|{zyxwvp(1)@hn pvvv,vvvKG,C
njr$p
nf6
EOvvv$vvv.bvvv1vvv"ntvvv.fn
Uvvv. pvvvEvvv.k
hUvvv.Opqvvv.k
h#ovvv.rkpvvv1vvv.k
1vvv. vvvcvvv,vvvJp,Cn
trvvLn#nvv-oG vv!
6vv-ok
nvv?nvvcnvv!
nvv-o0vvSvv.Qpc
ohG pvvJ
ngoG vv(vv2vv26E1vvLG+vv1vv%n1pvv(vv.A
nG vv2nvv1rvv:pG vvEnvvLGe
poTS
VUXWJILKNMPOBADCFEHG@zwvp(2)@CI}O:C
n>n"rC
nGr
2n
L8(.1p,KGCn
#Qp@G}Ho:UE1F
l@h u)r n
%Co
Gr
2pLr
to%#n9/t
n.fn
P v@F}+{:C
nG2pLr&.G!f
n#p)k
nYr!pv@
G}n
Ho: nvrnvJr
DnvJ
nKn
P pvvn
bpv(vJ#v.RGQG$HoGt
1rv(nv-o1vcvJR
nhG>pv-pG v<
qv.&v2hn[
nv!nv3n
#p(r-oG $oE.k
n_n
7n
b!/bn
9n
2n
7p1n1r9p-p,h1cJCfkJGgGu1K1Fb_1%@
CIv}vO:CjrCn
fvGyvzvv&n@vgv9yv)vv9p
nvzn
!nv=pv+vv&oESv}v9fv+v{
n}!vv&oC_v9YnC<v9go,hyv~*ov"v9spvW
rv&o
p,CjqG}n|
rQpC|Qm.
G}Ho:$PGYJ+Kl.<9QncGu<px
nh<pzn
L
n(n*rx
n.
N N N N N N
(1)G u,m:30.
(2)G 2rLI:125.
48www.alukah.net
Sn+xOo!9y(W
lp
&nvv,nvvY
nvv:pG$
oOrvvLnI
oG vv$ovvfvv.#pvvL
nIo#pvv)r&
nvv.r#pvv,vv.,hnq
nvvJr
RGdbnvv(rvv,vv.#vv.C
nUvv.1nvv,vv.C#vvQp
#pv)rUovJGY
mhOohGQm,1pvP
nv2nv3pXnvLr1nv7pG vS
6v$rvQpG v9v28
nvcnvL6X
nv:r
nv,v.,hnP
n pvvn
1pvlnvYrv"pG v!
6v-p
8vvvcvvv. vvv/Ch6/k
;ovvv%61vvv#tvvv.GHpRvvvLGHG vvv!vvv1vvv$vvv.fphD
ovvv2vvv.HpG vvvJ6hGApG vvv9vvv28vvv?vvvL6bnvvv,vvv.
>nvv$vv1vvcovv,vv%,hbvv.hnOn+ovv%oG vv(6vvSvv.Wo@kvv,vvKG+ovv.nG vv1nvv.reoG$
nGpvv1vvL
okvv2QpD
rvv!nvv9pvv,vv%G vvP
6vvcvv1vvJIpG vv$vvHvvVvvVvv7 vv!vvcovv$rvvLIp@>
nvv$nvvcvv.GDvv.>vv.8pvv,pvv%,hnCn
RG vv.GB;vv.QnGnvv1rvv$vv9pvv,pvv%G vv9vv2Cbvv.Ooh+vv.
E vv/G vvP6vv1qvv.QnI@&
nvv_6vvlvv.GG vv$nvvuvv.f
n>nvv18vvJG
k,hnhnX
nvvcvv.GG vv(
8vvlvv.0vv.Jpkvv2C
ntvv1vv.S
mGvv.U
6vv7m,Cn
Gn
Ko
h+.#ncn,o% p1
nYn
c.+.k2G $u.fpG $oHn
V6
Wp ,.,k. (6_.k7o
#)G)p0$.fp@
hnqnv2rv"nC
nfr
0nv(rv\nv!pvrv.Gkv2QpD
rv!v7pG vcnv.rOnIp8
nv(v.hn v.Gk
nv\ov.Qn+v%1pvP
ovLrbv7;v%qqv. v:rCe7
CD$Jn
:#.QC0ou%?
S9|,:k2#.PG?
G}e:+vvv"&vvv9vvv.1pvvvdoQpD
rvvv!nvvv7n
G vvvcnvvv.rOnIp#ovvv2vvv.RnvvvLnI
k,C
ner&
nvvvKr
+nvvv3o
kvvv2G vvv2pvvvJG0vvv7 pvvvM0vvv.QnIp
G$n
#vv.tpvv)pG vv9vv2bvv.Tkvv1vv,vv.&nvv2pvv1
7vv(vv.G vvEnvv2vv1vv3
o|hG vv9vv2Rnvv,pvvJ
nJr[
ovvlvv. nvv9nvv-ohnUpvv2vv.g
o
hntov,v.
nv9nv-o,b
nvKG1nv-ohnknvLnD
nv-o,hn#ovcv.&v.8nv-ohn&v?v.Dnv-o,hG v9v28
nvSnvL6knv:r
1pv$nvSrv1pv-pbv!v/8
ovLG1v,v.
hDn
V.+.?
G}h:O:1!/vvvv1!/vvvv1. Er1r7p n
%r&o
ln
uq
Lr
1p,KGG$n
#rLpb!/G)p[r
0bp@
vvvvGp&rv\nv!nvrv.GDv./
k,kvMGQhGev.QnDpvLGA
nG vKjtv.f0nvcrv9nvupvmo
kv1v-bv!v1v-G vVv0Io
hG vPv0eoqv2v"nCn
fr
0ov.Dnv/E v1v-,bv(vJ#v.tv.fbv$vLogO
nv2rvcv.k
h;v0;v1v)nbv.#v.k
vvvvh0vcv9vuvm
49www.alukah.net
k1-Rn,rL
nQn#nY.f,hn&n
Mndn
b!1-G .nDr2oh+.G
t1)oC
nQr1c1)nO(7
kk2+KGG f.Qp
(1)@
e.OQhGe.QzDpLGAy,hCn
r
Pp(n9o,%/8n
up"qbn)pG V
60Ipb!/G (62p28|@
Ctrvvv$nvvv!vvv.GO
nvvv1rvvvLn+ovvv%Dvvv9qvvv/evvv.OQhGCQGXvvv2G vvv$vvv$vvv!vvvuvvv7pG vvvcvvvL1vvv1vvv7pG vvvP6vvvcvvv.O0vvv7p
hbvv.OhGE vv/G vv\vvL0vvsG vvJ6hr vv2qG vvKj>vv.DhG#pvv(rvv-o,h vvuvv)qG vvP
6vv1vv.QnInenvv1qvvLJr#nvvPvv.Qn+vv.
k?#Ik@
kP#dCD$J: $.PGen
16LrJnO
n1rLncn
0.C12?
G}H:C/8o
L0Jhfn
R0.QInG $u.fpG Kjt.f0c1To
k1-p&227Gu .Wl?
vvvv1!/hC0)+.?
vvvvk2#(\r7en
.rQpG$QOf@
hnUnv!v.GE v/G v2nvE
rvLpG v$nv18v:p@ v%0nv9nvLn>6v!v.G#pv)nG vP
6v1qv.QnIp,Gptrv9nvlnv.G1v. v$ovSv.+nvJnI
#p)rOGGp!p,.@
kvv(PG+vv.1vvEvv1vvLIltvv2vv1vvLIl,8ovvPnvv$vv/1
nvvEvvLGk
8nvv?nvv.7RG
k,1pvvPvv2nvv3pX
nvvHvv.#nvv9pvv,vv.h8
nvv$vv.7L
p#vv1vv.+pvv,vv.,hG vvKj
nvvlnvv:n&
nvv_nvvLn+ovv%E vv/+vvKGG vv2vvEvvLp+vv.h>vv.Oogkvv2#pvv(vv\vvrvv7mRvvJ0vvJIp
G/pt
&vHpvlv.Vph+v2CGvlvZ#v(v\vrv7kv2G vcv. v%,bnv!pv$v.Gkv1v$v.1vcvJC
n&v,v.8
nvrnvdo
8nvErv:
n
#ovvPrvv9vv.iG vv2nvvEvvLpG vv$ovv9vv.Ovv],hn#vv.tvv.&vv.G0nvvcrvv!
nvv$vv.f
nP vvv
n,h#vv.C;vv.QnG
tRrvv$pvv,
rvvMGRn+ovv%r,
hn#nv(nvcnv,ov%r#pv)nG vHovLohL
p#pv)nG vP
6v1qv.QnIp,tnv<rvLnIo
G vEnvS
nvLGJpG v$ovMrbpv?
nv7pG v9v28nvEov.eo+v(v.c
1pvSnvuv"
mtnv<v1vmm,hG vL6hGFvF
oG vunvLp0v,nv7
oG v$ov(rv2nvcpv<
nv7o
#pv)r#pv1v.+pv-p1pvPnv2nv3pG
t&rvHpvlv.Xpv-hnho>v.Opg
kv2#nvuv.fm#ovfrv!nvsm,hn1pvP
nv2nv3ptnv<rvLnIp#v.kv1v-p#pv)r#nv.GO6#nvcrvJn&v16v7mhnC
n#rv0M
m,k
nv(pvPrv2nv7
o#ov!v.D
nv7p+nvvKgpG vv2
ovvEnvv1rvvLnIp8
nvv2rvv!ovvgo
bnvvS
rvvLnI
nCn
Xrvvcvv.a#ovv!vv.D
nvv7pCj8
1vvEvvLmBGnvvLn, pvvK vvv/0nvv(rvv9nvvlpvvd
o#vv)
(1)+vvKGG vvfvv.Q#vv.>vv.Okvv2>vv2vv"G vv(vv.Qkvv2#vvuvv7G!f,[vv. vv-4CPQY,hbvvLXvv-PQGYh;vv0;vv7
CQ1.YG KQGY,h u)G .U.dE 1-Uc3h/O1$.k2P vG M#)@
50www.alukah.net
#vv.Fpvv-#vv.Dvv. nvv-#pvv)nG$
nQGXvv2,hn
nvv1rvvQ
nP pvvvn
E/1pvvPnvv2nvv3pe
nvvYnvv3pG vv!
6vv-pbvv!vv/q
nvv.re
mt.f0ncp1T
o1pro
Lr
1p-p@
tvv.&vv.G0ovvSvv.+pvvJhf8vv!vvvG!;vv.Qnhbvv0#vv.JoG vvEovvMrfphG vvuvv 1vv7phG vvHvv.ap8vv2vvJh
bv!v/h>v.+pv,pv%bv$v0k
1pv(nvVv1vEv7pOv1vJ&v.#vEv$vJ| pv$v)r0ovL0vJoR0v.QInG v$nv(v.[vspG v9v2
en
Yp3nG !
6-ob!1,.@
GnvLn>v.G#pv)r8pv!vv
nG v$pv(
rv\nvr
nv7p#ovP
rvLpbv1v)n,/0vuv.Ohf0nvPrv9nv\v1vcv.f
nG v96vlv.7gn1pvu
nv!pv$nv7m
hGDvvJIm, pvvlnvvLrWp8vv#;
7vvLp+pvv%1vv$vv.QC
nhrG@1
nvvcrvvJn
kvv9vvLIm#pvv)nG vvM6#nvv)pqvv.dG$Ho:Cn
8vvcvv!vv$vv.f?Dvv9vv/G!f
n8nvvcvvL6k
rvv(vv.E vv/;vv0Kp#vv(vv.[pvvs
n/0ovv$vvupvv)o$
nDnvvJmG vvcnvv1rvvT
okvv1vv,vv.,#nvvd
nC&6vv,vv.
t.&:k1$.#Y/#n#r
+. 7k
1. P7
uq
.fphG En1.GfphU. E7
k !MQGb7p@
S9|,:#.+2?
vvvv+nvvKpgpG vv$pvv(vv\nvvr
nvv7o
G vv9vv2&nvvEvv)okpvv1vv,vv.G vv1
nvv.ren,/0nvvPrvvu
ovv(ovv,vv.CDvvJ
l#nvvdnC&
6vv,vv.bvv!vv/
[nvvL0vvspG vv(qvv.Sp,hG vv$pvv(
rvv\vvrvv7
oG vv9vv2bvv.Tnkvv1vv,vv.Ovv18vvJo&vv.+vv.Ol,/0vv?vvLDoCDvvJ
lbvv!vv/
G/pt
qvv9vvLGHp#vv(vv,vv.,$&6vv,vv.#pvv(
rvv\nvvr
nvv7l
#nvv.r1vv.AnIlDvv9vv/0nvv.r#pvv(vv.+vvKG,8nvvVvvJp0vvrvv.
k pvvrnvv.dpG vv!
6vv-p
8vvcvv. vv/:oTQR_‘]^p(1),h#vvJGFvv)Uvv. pvvFG vv9vv2&nvv,vv/
Ovv1vvJo&vv.#vvEvv$vvJ|bvv)G vvS7vvLrHp#vv)#vv1vv.+pvv,vv.,zb
nvv)rbvv2vvJpG vv!6vv-p1
rvv)pbovv$nvvLn[;C
nf6
G vvv(vvv.Sn&nvvvMn vvv.G#nvvvd
nQOvvv.dpGu|bvvv!vvv/G vvvEpvvv?rvvvLp;CQV;vvv$vvv.O,kvvv.
tOvvv9nvvvr
nvvv.G#pvvv)r
B1vv.Qp+vv.hbnvv?
nvv(ovv.G1pvv-pG vvcnvv?pvv1vv)n,k
nvv#n
#nvvLn+ovv%QnOovv.doG vv!
6vv-p|Cf0ovv,rvvLpqvv.G#vv.G
tOrvv9nvvr
nvv.G,
h0cr!pl.GG)p1p"nG c?p1)n@@@y(2)@
Onvu
nv:nG$Hobpv(vJ
n+vKGG vEvJ8
kvrvJ/DvaCn
f6
Rn
h>nv9nv-ohCh/Ongoe
nv1rvLoQGev2v1v)n
k2G u0ep
ChG/t
O9$.Yp
@
1vcvJn
qv!v1v"m
Cn
hrqnvmn
Ov1v.Q8nv-ohC[vlv##vEvL8
tnv,v.,hn>
nv!nvQn
Ov.tpv(v.k
,hn nvupv(
6v-o
nv%r0ov\pvs
r
(1)+.O:60.
(2)CGL>-G 2H.Qj,1Lq%3378vvvv3381,h#P!%,1Lq%2981.
51www.alukah.net
+vKpgpG vEv.dn@
nv%r0nvP
rv9nv\pvdrQoDr0v7
nCo
OrvLn8pv-pD
nvM0rv(nv7k
#ov9nv.n88vLnIk
Ov.tpv9nv7k
, nv1rvQ
nkv1v,v.#v.0nvJod7
bv!v/G vEnv1v.IpOpv.iG vc
ov1v.fpG v$nvlrv9v.Dv7phG$&
rvlv.SpG v$ov9vLO8OnIp@&
nvMnd
n#pv)r#nvuv.&pv-pDv9qv/0ovvvEnvvvY
8vvvL
nvvv,ovvv%r#vvv.Ak1vvv.QpOG
k#pvvv)rR
nvvv#r
&pvvv-p8nvvv,rvvvJpF
nvvv7o
&ovvvlovvv.Opvvv,pvvv%@1
nvvvcrvvvJn
Cn
fr
RnvvvLp1vvv.GhnG
tQr8nvvv.nhrG
Dnvv$pvvJhGG vv!
6vv-n,hU
nvv!qvv.GQnt
rvvcnvv9nvv1rvv) pvv1
nvvPrvv9nvvcvv1vv(vv.G1pvv,pvv$vv.bvv!vv/8vvLh0vvF
pCn
&rvvlovvPpvv,vv%t
nvv$vv.tvv.f
0nvvlrvvcnvv"oOvv1vvJ&vv.#vvEvv$vvJ|bpvv(
rvvJn#vv.0nvvE
rvvMp1ovv-oC
n#rvvL,tvv.f0vvlvvMYE vv/G vvVvv0Ih0vvrvv.d:
zCQpIr"9<9yZv;Ip*9<;dy
(1).
1vvvcvvvJGt
Orvvv9pvvvLGDvvv7OG#nvvv:
rOvvv.bvvv9vvv1vvv)p8
nvvvrrvvvL0vvv2vvv.
k,&vvv.
ovvv.Gkvvv1vvv,vvv.qpvvvP
rvvv\vvv.k
#pvvv)nG vvv(vvv.ep
GOvv9vv1vvrvv_vv.GhnqnvvJpGO
rvv9nvvcvv.OhG&vvSvv.[nvv,vv%hnQne
rvv2nvv9nvv,ovv%kvv2O
nvv$vv.Yp
qpvvV6vv7pG vv(
6vv2pvv28 vv.W#nvvd
n
qnv.r#pv-p,G vK0v)nG
tOrv9nvE
nvrqv.Ge
nvYnv3nG v!
6v-p8vcv. v/hbvKG1nv-o@h vuv)6>v$v1v0
k[nv!nv3nEpQ>v.An
G vrpvV6v7pQn0rv<
nv$v.0nv(rv9nv,v2#pv)r8
nvErvYv1vLpC
ntrv.GHpG vS
qv.j
p,k
nvrnvJr
Uv.Qn1pv(p#rvuv.&pv-pUov(rvd
nCRv1v.An
tnvv<vv1vvLIm$p
n&6vv-o1
nvv!nvvgn
G vv<6vv.&pvv1
nvv7n
bnvvS
rvvLnI
n#pvv)nG vvcovv$rvvLph vv%0nvvcovvJrUnvvfvv1vvLG
k,hnC
nQGOnQGD
nvv7n
Co
#8vv-p@kn
un
<o
LnJpG 96c!1r.JoG !
6\1ln
7o
@
q.dG$H:
vvvv0.O0e,On(nS
rLnHoG!f
nCn
kr
Yn"nR.j
mk2G c.
n%p
!
G}ew:Ef6
R.jn(>$1"m)O
n.ran0oMp0r"oG V7
JGYn#p)rQDhOp(.@
CI}O:On(nLiP vbp(J#.0oEYpL
oG Sq
.jn@
Sv9|v,(#ovJGkvcv.k
bnv)rC
nGv1v-p):h+v"U
ov(rvdoG vSv.j
pUnvcrv3
l pv,vKpgpG vJ6
Qn>nv7p,C&v.
C0vvYvv.k
CbvvLpaotnvv1rvvm
n0ovvVvv(nvvdo,h vvuvv)6C
o#vv2/8vvPvv$vvF
o vv21vv.t
Orvv9pvvcvv$vv.dG vv(vv.Qp,kvv0
8nvPrvH
nvLhG#pv)r>
nv$v1v"m
@Gpbv9vKQntov"7#nv)rb
nv!qvsn
1pvunv!pv$v7mhqv. v.G:CQnOr&v.G v$ovMGMnkvrv]@
&n
E)o&n
cr!n
%oCf6
>$10k
#.+pLl
k2to"
8#.0c$n"o,hn
nup)r+n"pG $oMGMo#n$r(.Yl?
CDvvvQ6
Ovvv.#vvv2Cn
&6vvv-CGvvv\vvv#
n1pvvv9nvvvPnvvvL7bpvvv-pkvvv.
tbrvvv9nvvvK
nQnC0vvvYvvv.
k@C
n#vvvPnvvvv
nG$Ho1pvvvMp#vvv.e
pG$
o#v.Qphqv.d:Ov#
nQrhj vu
ov%oG!f
nqpvV
6v7n
+vKGG v(6v2pv28G vuvL0v%p
@( nvrnvJr
tv.fn
#ovPrv9nvfpv0
qk
(1)CGL>-G)#.eCD$Jk2#P(Jg,5|364h371.
52www.alukah.net
pvvv!rvvvlovvvLU
nvvv7pG vvv9vvv2Co
8pvvv1rvvvE
nvvv:r
nvvv-o1vvv.
t vvv?ovvv!vvv.Sp#nvvvd
nC1rvvv(vvv.Fvvv-p#ovvvJ6Ik[nvvv.0vvv!vvv7
k,k
nvvv,ovvv.nbvvv.OI
n#vvv.0ovHnvV
8vWo
nv,ov%r&pv,v.0
nv7n
G$o
Orv2ov.Y
p pv1nvuov.f
n#nvcnv,ov%r,$p
nf6
bnv$nv!
nv-oG v\
6v.0v"n0nvEovJ
7#pv)rPn
pvvn
tv$v.hnCn
f6
OoQohSnG$n
1rv(v.Ap8
nvEovJ
7#pv)rP vvC0vYv.k
@env1rvLnC
n&6v-0nvcrv$nv"o>
ov,rvJngo pv1ov?v. pvP
nv,ov%r
hn n
.r pP.bn
7mto"60n.re
m p1n
\r$n,p)6b
n!n
1r,%h0n9ncn
L6anE /C
nDr.G p,p%)@
qvvv.dn
G$Ho:tvvv$vvv.Pn
tnvvvLr&vvv.kvvv2qpvvvV
6vvv7pOvvv18vvvJp&vvv.E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%np,tvvv.f vvv.Wl
Ch6dn#nvv)rB#nvv)n1pvvLpOvv.
nvv7pE1vvLG+vv1vv%p,hG vv.nDvv1vvJnG vvKjG
nvvLnLn#nvvcnvv-obpvv(
rvvJ#vv.+vv.>
nvvLn
E vvvvvv/1pvvvvvv0OpG vvvvvvSqvvvvvv.e
po*+,%&’(!"#$
~@{wp(1)@
h/0vvvKtvvvLG vvvrvvvLBfG vvvVqvvv!vvv7
n1vvv1vvv)E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%ph1vvv1vvv) vvv.Wp,h/
OQ>vvv7n
G vvvrvvvLG1vvv7p1vvv1vvv(vvv,vvv$vvv.,h vvv%0vvvEvvvJq
OrP vvvvC0vvvYvvv.k
QOvvv.dGu|kvvv2DvvvJ0vvv=
UE1F -@
1vvv1vvv(vvv$vvv.Pn
tnvvvLnJG vvv1vvv,vvv.O0vvv.JoCGvvv2vvv.QG
khtvvv0#vvv.
khQhG0vvv.Jmbvvv)+vvvKgG vvvV
qvvv!nvvv7p
hG rLG1711(,$.,hb)&P3 .Wp@
h vuv(v(v.&v2vrv/#vdG!0v.JhG$Dv.O0v=G vVvEv1vEv7,h/&v#GvKRv1v,v.k
#v)Cj#VJQBGLe1L+$.,h&Pu:b)#.Ou9.b(-@
kvv0&vvcvvLabvv) vv.WE/GOvv$vv-+vv.,h/&vvcvvLaRvv1vv,vv.k
0vvrvv1vv(vv.k
bvv)Uvv!vv9vv-1(1LG+1%,h/b)&P2-,h/b)&S#8p-h[l. 9-@
t"#.&cLk-C&-GO9?.H Jb.IE1LG+1%,hO.Q#c-,hB#) -@
h vv$vv.+vv.>vvLE1vvLG+vv1vv%p#vv)G vvcvvLGbE vv/kvv!vvPvv\vv1vv)tvv.f vv.W#vvcvv-@h+KG#.PtLgG rLBfG uL0%@
q.d8c. /:o"!0/.-,+@v|p(2)@
(1)G c(u2.J:26.
(2)G$&21.A:71.
53www.alukah.net
h vv$vv.hUvv"E1vvLG+vv1vv%h vv.WpE vv/kvv!vvPvv\vv1vv),CQOvv"Gu vv.[vv.k
&vv2vv1vv.k
QOvv./k
E vv/qvv.em
tvv.&vv.G0vvPvvuvv(vv.fkvv2G vv?vv(vv.HG vvSvvLqvv2#vv(vv,vv.,kvv2bvvJIpqvvLi
#?9$c7(1)@
G}e:h/&vvvvvcvvvvvLa#vvvvv)C0vvvvv)>vvvvv.A+vvvvv&/AG vvvvvrvvvvv.e,h/GOvvvvv$vvvvv,vvvvv%,h/
CUvv!vv,vv%,h/COvv$vv.AG vvrvvLiG vv9vv2Ovvuvv(vv.+vv.,h/GOvv%G vv$vv(vv\vvrvv7G vv9vv2tvv.&vv.Gk1,., cJeh>.OCD.O0=UE1E78H2Lb)P v@
tv"#v.&vcvLkv-kvrv]#v.qv. v-8vcv. v/kv2G vrvLBfG vuvL0v%bv)+v&/AG vrv.e,C&vvvv,vvvv%tvvvv.&vvvv.G0vvvvL8vvvvuvvvv2vvvv.fkvvvv.GDvvvvTtvvvv<vvvv1vvvvLI,#vvvv)COvvvv.CG vvvvlvvvv.GDvvvvThCRvvvv(vvvvcvvvv,vvvv.hCq2E,.(2)@
G}H:Obv. ov.Wlpq
nv.r#nv-oE v/G/1v9vcv.Ob
nv)rCn
Grv0qpv,pv%
pG vP
6v18v,nv7p,hnQn>v.
Cn
fr
0ovVnvJ
8qov.go,h vuv)r
nv%r0nv9nvE
nvr6vsrQn>v.Dgo,k
nvrnvJr
^nv!7v.Gbv!v/Dv. pv,pv%@hObv.G#vLC8v-
bvvvJI#vvvLGJE vvv/GuhGOvvv9vvvHvvvJe#vvvcvvv,vvv.CDvvvPvvv)G$Ovvv. vvv1vvv3hG vvv.Ovvv.Fvvv", vvvuvvv(vvv,vvv.Ce!r:q!2,.,hCU$:CP&1,.,hQkY:8!vG Jb.IG)0$.&17@
E&vv,vv./8ovv&r#pvv)o1vv. vv!
6vv-pG vv.GDvvJpG vvrnvv,qvv.Qp,h+vvKG#vv.DvvMqkvv2&
nvvlrvvPpvv-phnXvv.b
nvvmn
Cn
nvv$nvv-o,k
nvv!nvv1rvvQ
nOnvv,rvv0
kbvv!vv/G vv$nvvLApC
nfr
0nvvuvv.fn
bnvvJo
h7gokvv21nvv1rvv9pvv-p,kvv00nvv2rvvrvv/
nvv-o#nvvuvv.f
l
0nL8.Mok1-,krJB;LJCf8u.fb!/O0)q.#,.G u.kL0)G S.P0)@
GpRr
OGOnJrCGvv0bo
G vvrvv.ep
Oovv.AG
k,hQGDvv.G0nvv2rvv9nvvJpb
ovv.fn
C vv.G&vv.k
#pvv)nG vv96vvVnvvL7kvv.Jp
G vvP6vv18vv,nvv7p,
nvv%r0nvvP
rvv2pvvrrvv,ovv%Ep
nvv1rvv,vv.CDvvJ
l#pvv)nG vv(vv.Sp@knvvrnvvJr
tvv.&vv.G0nvvrrvv\nvvcvv.f
nG vv\
6vvL0vvsn,
hn0vHv.&v.fG vL6kv1vsn,hn0v9v.GU
nv.f1v.);rv%p
,h/0nv9nv(v.+nv.rfn
bv)#ov(rvunvLm,hnq
nvJRGOhGkv2
Opvv?pvv"8
>nvvLGFvv$pvv,pvv%r>
nvvL0vv$vv7k
>nvvJ0vvJIktvv"6G vv?pvvJ
6Ipbvv!vv/G$QVp:hn^
6vvlvv.G[vv.qvv.8pvv,vv%
G)&rvPv.&v16v7
n,hQhM
pG/p
t1rv9pvuv.Qpkv2>pv2pv!
6v9pv,pv%r,/p
t1rv9pvuv.Qp>
nvLp0v$v7m nv%r0nvP
rv2pvrrv,ov%r1v,v.C
nDnvJ
l
#pv)nG vcv. nv$v1v)n,tv.f
nG vL8>v.d
o#pv(rv,ov%r0nv9nvMnhq>v.f
nG vL8>v.d@qv.d
nG v!
6v-o8vcv. v/kv2Ov.QIp
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U478.
(2)G $L>dG P.1s,G ?MAG$hd,U479.
54www.alukah.net
G$bvvvvvvLGap:o\[&%(’"!$#.-
0@u}/*),+65872
1@v}p(1)@
+vvv%bvvv.Ohf#ovvvcrvvv9nvvvJhf#ovvv9nvvv?vvv.hpRhf pvvv!rvvvlpvvv\
rvvvLI,#ovvvHrvvv9vvv.Qhf pvvv!vvvE
nvvvLGebvvv!vvv/G vvEvv0d@#ovvl
nvvY
8vv!vv.f
n pvv!vvSvvKhPbvv!vv/G/Ovv9vvrvv.#vv7@$&vv,vv%B;vvLhGG vvL>vv.dG vvKtvvLGf
bvv!vv/G vv(vvPvv.A,Dvv1vv=8vvLtvv.G#vv.Gvv!vvs vv,vv%Q1qvv,vv%#vv)CRhG>vv,vv%#vv)G vv(vvPvv.A,
h>vvcvv"kvv2kpvv\vvLp+vv%8vvMhLG vv(vvPvv.A, vvuvv(vv,vv%[nvv$nvvPvv.GQevv2vv7
nG vvlpvv\
rvvLIp,h+vvKG+vv.G vvcvvJhGf1vv(vvlvvPvv-,h vv$vv.Obvv.+vv% vv.WpE vv/8vvLc+vvKgG vvlvv.DvvSvv7>vv.1nvv,ovv.go
1pvvrovv.6ImC
nRnvvJ
6,k
nvv$nvv(nvvcvv.g#pvv)pG
tOrvv9pvvr
rvv2vv.dpG vvY
7vv1vv.ap,hnG
ovvVvv.Uvv.
kG vvL8>vv.d
o,hn#nvv(nvvcovv.G
G vv(qvv.Sn#pvv)rRp0vv.Qn8pvv-,hn1nvvfqvvYovv.goEp
nvv1rvv,pvv%1pvvE
ovv?6vv7pC
n&6vv-o0nvv9nvv\
nvv,6vvLoo43>
=@?:9<;~}|@w}p(2),hUvv.QhGt
ovv!6vv$vv.b
nvvLnkvv.G1pvvMp0vv.QnIpCn
DnvvJm
nvv-oBP
nhrgohBP
nhGX
nvv1rvvlnvv-o@h vv%0nvvu
ovv)r pvvP
nvv18vvJp&vv. ov.WmC
n&rvVv.QlC
nhrC
nqv.QpHoC
nhb
nvSpv1vLnIl
8nvErv$pv1
rv-p#pv)rtnv1rvJpG vuv.kvL0v)@h+vKG#v.qv.
nv-o
nvvvv,ovvvv%rosrqponmlkjp(3)@hqvvvvJ
rqvvvv.dOvvvv18vvvvJo&vvvv.
#vvEvv$vvJl|bvv(vvJ#vv.qnvvLnCn
+vvKpgpG!0nvv7:z*vvQInvv~oGuyovv(_vv9
k,yvvtvvOvvv9f*nvvz
rhjEyvv)
Qovr
#m
VO*Oy(4).
CIvv}vvO:#nvvvcrvvvKpQIk0vvv.C1vvv2,
nvvvJn
j6Oovvv&Gd
l@ nvvvrnvvvJr
knvvv,pvvv$rvvv:
otovvv"6#vvv.P
ntnvvvLr8
nvvv-ob
nvvv)r
8nvvvVnvvvL7kvvv.Jp+nvvv&o/ApG vvvr
nvvv.re
pG vvv$nvvv!
rvvvcovvv.&vvv1vvv)n,hn
nvvvupvvv)r
nvvv%rC
nkrvvv,nvvv%r#vvv.+vvv.G vvv$ovvv(rvvvu
nvvvLoG vvvKj
/0n9n(.+n.rfn
bn(r-o?
>nvv$vv1vvd
o#vv.Pn
tnvvLrJo
nvvuovv%r#ovv(rvvu
nvvLGJl0nvvl
rvvLnDvv.f
n1vvlvvcvv!vv,vv.hn0ovvcnvv!
8vv$vv.&
nvv,vv. pvv2vvc
rvvYpvv,vv%,hn0nvvE
rvvLpUvv.fn
bvv!vv/EpRrvv,vv.Qp+vv.1
nvv1rvv)nG vv(qvv.Sp@hn nvvupvv)pG vvKjC
nqrvvVpvvJ
ogo#pvv)r+nvvKpgpG vvcpvv2vv.Q
nIp
(1)0.Om:80vvvv81.
(2)G$bLGa:82.
(3)+.O:80.
(4)G1)t<1L,qVWG$&21.A,U207vvvv208.
55www.alukah.net
(/0nv9nv(v.+nv.fbnv)r#pv(
rvunvL),
nvrnvJr
tv.&v.Gz0nv#r
8v.fn
kv2&v.Op0rv,pv%rvvvvhn+ov.n#ov?
rv9nv$nvcov,ov%hn#nvEnv"7
DnvvJ0rvv<pvv,vv%rhnO
nvv$nvvL+pvv%rvvvvG vv$ovv(rvvunvvLn#pvv)nG$
nqrvv.GdphG$
nkrvvcvv.dp,bvv!vv/G
tGrvv9pvv0apCUvv(vv.kpvv,vv.,
Dv9qv/qpv1rv"nE&
6v,v%tv.&v.G0nv9nvYv.Qn[v.f
nkv2#nv?v. pvPpv,pv%rh/0nvP
rv9nvErv.of
n(1)@@@@hntv.&v.Gk2P vhne
n1rLpgpt.$&c.e
p1"rCX"7O
n210
k(2)@
Fv}v+v{:+nv"pG vJ8
0v)o0nv,rv9nv%6C0vYv.k
1v. vEv1v.IpG vcv.#6v7p,Cjr
kv2#ovcv.#v0JpG v(qv.Spk21
o1.8p,p%rhn#o?r
9n$nc.8p,p%r?
G}oew:C
ny
nvv~r!nvvtovv{
rEfvGyvvO*vv#n$vv(|vv"vv%vvHEy
svv%vv,,*ovvQrVpvvO
oGyvv"qvv9SEyvv)GyvvJnvvu
xpvv,
G:ptf
rvvApvvtvv9OGJphGyvvAvvvWrvvQ*vvgvv9JphG}
nL
rvv;bp?C
njr@
nvv(rIpvv+vvOpGyvvz
vvv&pN,hn!nvvq
rvv,p
GyvvWvvvQp*
rvvxpf
nvv"rvv&o
hGyv}nvDv+v{p,hEyv)Gyvgv=v9OGJpGyvZvvJv+vJv?p,hEyv)GyvMnv+rvQppv,GyvTwvzv(cphGyv}ovgv9|nv;Jp,Cn
jr
@
nvarv=pv+vupV
nvQrY
pGyvzvv&pNpv,Iv+v9@pv"v9Gyv+nv(|pv+vv?pG:p
tF
rvApv}v9fpv+vv?p?pv9yvzvv&oL
nvznvtnv"v9hn$ov(nC
nf
rvznv~o|pv"
qv9
<pv}v9*nv"rvq
nvgov"v9p
nv+nvzr|
ovQo!v9<pvqpvgrvzpv&p,h<v}v9*nv]ovQw!v9p
nv+nv"rv%v9!v9f
nv"rv&ohn*nvz
r|
ovQo!v9<pvAnvGnv"wv=pv&p.hn|pv#nGyvgnv+rv>p
hnGt
}nPiC
nfr*nvTrv}nvKnG p!
rvTv9foypv"
nvqrvTpv&phni
nv+rvQpgp<pv{pL
rvQGL
pQnhGFpvK
nvvQp*v%v?m|v#<nva
rv"pv&p@
ovTnv=
xv>
o
GyvvtnvvQna
nhG:V
rvv}pvv8
rvvRGRyvvzvv"vv9SpI
nvv(rynvv&o,hC|vv9EPGG
t\
rvvaovvQvp
nvvzrvv+nvvP
r$nvv>r|
ovv=rvvAnvvgpvvOGk
f
nvv"rvv%ovv~r,
hnSnvv+xvvOo!vv9|vvJvv}vvO|vvvvvvv}vv9<nvvtpvv+vvv?pG}n!vv=vv+vv9ApvvvvFvv9Anypvv+ovvA
nvv}xvv~n|vvwvv9QenG}Lvv;bpzE!vv}vv9
<
ogpDr
B
o}po@
n}
x~
n|
nw9Qpe
nG}n
L
r;bpy
(3).
hqJq.dCD$JR.q2:
E&6vvvvvv$vvvvvv.G$
o#nvvvvvv%oG$
nGrvvvvvv0b
o#vvvvvv.1
nvvvvvvrpvvvvvv1nvvvvvv:
rknvvvvv(pf
r+ovvvvv%oP
n+nvvvvv2nvvvvv:
rCn
Grvvvvv0q
ovvvvv,ovvvvv%rP
n+nvvvvv2ovvvvv.G
Onvu
nv9nv:pG$e7k
nv9v.1nvd
nG$Hotv0#nv-o: nv%r0nvu
ov)r pvP
nv1vJp&v. ov.WmCqv.QHokv21
nv!nvJpgp,
vvvrvvvJ+vvvJ6OnG vvvrvvv.eo vvv.[vvv.k
p1vvv(GvvvLG>vvv-+vvv.hB vvv-hC+vvv!vvv-G vvvVvvv. vvvEvvv1vvv)hC8vvv2vvv.bvvv-G $&#(1)#)qL09,%:owvutsrqp(4)@
(1)G VE1F0P9E1.f@(2)G1)t<1L,qVWG$&21.A,U188.
(3)CGL>-G)#.eCD$Jk2#P(Jg,2|381.
(4)O.QIG ScLGA,G!07:167.
56www.alukah.net
Cj:Ef v%8v9v.qvm0v. v.Wbv)tv0#pvvkvPv(vcv.qv2ovv,hEfCUvLQrJnbv!v/G/O9$LGQpk2
n.r#p(.hn8
nrr
Lp0c(.kn
Pn(oH
rLp>r
vn#)11((.@
h#vvdP vvvGOvv9vv$vvL6 vv.Wlpkvv2Onbrvv.n8vv-,h#vvYvv/kvv2G)&vvuvv.Qbvv!vv1vv,vv%,
h vv%0vv#1nvv-r pvv9nvv,rvvJ0vvJp+pvv%rhnhnbvv1vvJp+pvv%r,kvv$vv.tvv.f#vv)G vv$vv%#vv)qvv.#vv-E/CfCU
rvvJn
QhG
ChG#Ln+%$82.b,%kr. .G:o9<;p(1)@
Cn
GrvvLp>vv.G vv.[vv.
khB nvv-oG vv$vv&#vv(vv1vv)n#vv)qvvL0nvv9pvvuvv%,kvv,vvKgG vvrvvL0vv7qvvL0vv9ovvu
ovv%C&vv9ovv%r
h vv1vvPvv:qvvL0nvv9vv,ovv%r+vv%@E&vv,vv.qvvL0vv9ovvuvv%8vv9vvVvvLqkvv.fkvv1vv,vv.tvv$vv.Rpvv,rvv9vv%,h8vvEvvr
qvvrvv.fkvv1vv,vv.
Qevv2vv.8pvvuvv%,h8vvlvvcvv!vv.fkvv1vv,vv.#vv.0vvEvv!vv. vvuvv%,h#vv)+vv.G vvKj0vvSvv.Qtvvuvv%kvv1vv,vv.?C#qvv. v.WlhC8v2v.b
ov-kv0Dvs6 v,v%kv2qvL0v9vuv%,E&v,v%evL1v.Abv(vuv%h/1vJ
6Cfr
0vHvL>v.G#)11(u%(2)@
C#qvv.Rn
hr>nvv9ovv-ok
nvvrnvvJr
tvv.&vv:r#pvv)rC vvJ
8Cn
bvvJGFvv-p,EPr
+pvv2nG vv9vv2tvv.&nvv:r
8ovvHrvv2pvvLo
qnvv.r#nvv,vv.
G $o?r
Lp#1)n1puo
"8
#n)r0n#8p1r-p,hot
o"8
CG2.Qg@
p,KG n
%r0nPr
9n
\pdp
G 96Hn!
7Wn#p)rC
nbr
JGFp-pkn
LGMn0nSr
uo
.Cn
#rLngoE /Qn1
8-p@
G}e:GO9?.HnG !6
-o p(p218-k#
n&r
?n
Jn
go1. $0Fu7@
F}+{:G $0Fu7G K0)>.DhG1. 2oSLiE /O18Jp&.E1LG+1%?
G}e:Cn
>nvv"r,+ovv%rC
n&rvvlovvPovv,vv%@1
nvvcrvvJn
Cn
fr
1nvvS
6vvLhE1vvLG+vv1vv%n1vv(OvvEvv.b
nh0vvcvvrvv.H,
Cn
Grv2nvLohgC
n&qv,v%#ovLrO
nv!v.fE v/qv.e v.W v9vcvK0v2v,v%@kvKtvL nv,ov%rC
nf6
+vKpgpG vrnvL0nv7
nkv1v,v.
vvvv.WlhCn
+rvvvv!ovvvv-o@kvvvvrvvvv. vvvv.G:o*),+ph[
nvvvv$rvvvv#&vvvv.gbvvvv!vvvv/ vvvv.Wp
o>=@?:9<;6587
214@vx3.-0/*),+
&%(’"!$@wxp(3)@
(1)O.QIG$bLGa,G!07:82.
(2)O.QIG c(u2.J,G!07:32.
(3)G c(u2.J:31vvvv32.
57www.alukah.net
CQGOOvv1qvvJo&vv.E1vvLG+vv1vv%opCf0ovvcvv\vv2 vvrvv.e vv.WmkvvLUvv7CGvv1vvLI nvvcvv!
qvv,vv%
0ovv?pvv1rvv2ovv.fhn0ovv(pvv1
rvv2ovv.fhn0nvvLr>pvvcvv.fbnvv)r8
nvvVnvvL7kvv.8pvv,pvv%oG vv$ovvSpvv1
rvv(nvv7ph0ovvPrvv!pvv$vv.fh0ovvV
nvvJ8
qvv.fOnbvv.In
G vEvs8
,hn nvupv)6C
n#rvLnG v!
6v-p/1
ovJ6
Cn
fr
0nv(rvlnvJn@ pv,vKGqv.dG v!
6v-oO
ov2vEv.&nv-oh8vcv. v/:o+
.-0/@z|"!$#&%(’:9
<;>=@{|p(1)@
h8vv.1nvvdG$Ho:hCn
&rvv9ovv%8
nvvcrvv!
nvv$vv.fCf
6G vv!
6vv-nN/0ovvEpvv"7bvvKG1nvv-1vvrvv.e
mE/q
1vvcvvJ
Cn
fr
0ovvuvvK8
1vv.GQOvv. nvv-o,hn0ovvVpvvL
qhGbvv!vv/tovvlrvvLp+pvv%hbpvv(vv.Op+pvv%rh0vv9vvEvvJ
6hrgoC
nfr
0ovv(rvvMpdn
bvv!vv1vv,pvv%o
G vvcnvvKGHnG$n
vv1vv%n@h+vvKG#vv.8nvvLnhr&
nvv-okvv2q
nvvVnvvWpG$
n&rvv2pvv1vv.ApG vv9vv2D
nvvunvv1rvv(vv.+vv.
nvvuovv%@
kvv?vv$vv1vvdG$qvv.Gep
tnvvK
61vv.GC
n&rvv2vv1vv.An+vv%,hn[
nvv!nvv2vv.GE&vvMGdnG vvcvvKGHp1pvv,vv%,h+vvKG#vv.qvv. vv-
qvvvvvv.eo vvvvvv.Wmo_ZY\[VUX
WRQTSNMPOJILK
FE@~wp(2)@h>.AOb.Ao .Wmb!1,%#oPn
L8
b.k
G cpr.Hn@
8nvvvLncG vvv$vvv0Fvvvuvvv7
oOvvv18vvvJn&vvv.E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%nhG8
6vvv?nvvv,vvv.GE vvv/O0vvv.Q vvv.WmhG
tOrvvv9nvvvYvvv.kvvv.go
kv#Xv.knv,v%,hG v9vrv.Gkv1v-kv2Uv.QIQ>v.dDvPv.f,h+v./0vcvLaC&v,v%#v0Fvuv7,
kvv9vvJGkvvdqvv.#ovv-E vv1vv-, pvv1nvvHrvv\pvvlvv.G#vv(vv-X
ovv1vv.k
nvv-,hhqvvm vv.WlC#vv.#vv,vv%hDvv1vvJG
k0vvJGkvvd
bv)Xv1v.kv-,h0vPv9v<v$pvLoQoR
rvJn+v%Chb
nvrrv!v,v%,h0ov.>
8v,ov,v%E v/Cf0v9vMh>v.GG v(vPv.A,
kvv!vv%0vvPvv9vv?vv1vv2vv.G vv-,hC#vv.e#vvEvv.h/8pvv,vv%G vvJGvv.dnE vv1vv-bovv(rvv.nIk, pvvH
nvv\rvvmpG vvYvv1vv.a,
tvvSvvmG vvYvv1vv.aobvv)+ovv.p06vv9pvv,vv%G vvEvvrvv1vvrvv1qvv7p,hCGvv2vvLhgC&vv,vv%#vv0Fvvuvv7,h vv)0nvvVpvv!vv.GE 1,%,hCfG cKGHnq.OelE 1,%b(JG V2F
(3)@
qvv.e vv.Wtvv.&vv.GbnvvJ0vv$vv2G$Gvv0bp,kvv.OpvvJ0vv),
nvv1rvvQkpvv1
rvv,vv%#nvv)r0nvv(rvv,vv/bnvv)
G v$ov(vunvLpC
nhr0nv#
r#ovLo1pv. v$nvcvLhap@;v%QGM0ovEv.OpK
oG v$v0Fvuv7
nbv)Ov.ApCGv0bpqv.#pv-p
hnbnvv)pG vv$nvvcvv.Uvv2G vv9vv20nvvLr8vvupvv2
ovv.&nvv,vv.,hnb
nvv)renvvYnvv2pvv-pb
nvv!nvv1rvv,pvv%,hnOnbvv.8pvv-pG vv!
6vv-nC
nfr
0nvv(rvv9nvvrpvv%n
(1)+.O:75vvvv76.
(2)G c(u2.J:29.
(3)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U495.
58www.alukah.net
#pvv(rvv,ovv%r,hn
nvvupvv(
6vv,ovv%P
n+vv2ovv.G#nvvcnvv-ohnOnG
nvv!vv.G1
nvv1rvv9nvv-,knvv,ovv%r0nvvcvv!vv$vv.ft
ovv"6+vvKGh vvuvv)rCQGOhG
On$.b
n-o#o2.Rn
LnIk#p)r&
n2p28G !
6-p@
qvvv\vvvdG$HRvvvLDnvvv-o vvv1vvvPvvv#dCDvvv$vvvJ:C vvv%8
nvvvVpvvv"rkvvv2OQhOvvvvE vvv/OQSp
G up(.07?
CI}O:1!/,E&-BGLoOQSCGK&.gq2"G c\!7@
G}H:+" vCf8SLDn-o$
nGn.n0rv?
CIv}vO:G vuv(v.0v7o
+v2G v9vcv2v1vLobv)Rv2Am#ovcv1v)m
1pv!nvlrvamev1vLpUvL0vF
mkv2G vJ6/ v7p
b!1- pfn
LnV
m#)G$eLGVt. $J0F#<0
k@
S9|,: %Ck,%,k," vCf8o
cr
\p1(n.#<0k
hGXE.k
@
CIv}vO:EPGqov!v(v.#v<v0
k:k
ov0f
ltnv<v1vLoG vM7hqGQ,+vKG0vcv(v2C
n&v-tvL0v%l>vJG
kknv!nv.r
nv%r0nvu
ov)rt
nvK pvv
n nv$v.RGQngoCDvJ
l@Chqv!v(v.:kv0fl
#nvlrv9v.doG vcnvY
nv0Jp,kv,vKG#nvcrv(v.go
Cn
&6
-q.pj4>JqGk
hn&n
Sp1]l@
8v.1vdG$Hotv0#nv-o:+vKGDnvPv)l@tv.f v.Wl0ovJGkpvdqv.#nv-ohn0ovEv.hpQ
o+v%,kv2Dv1v)pCf
6G vY
7v1v.antv.&v.G+v.OpFv1v)n v%0vrv.#v.GCh0nv,ov2qv.G v$ovPv.b
nvJn
8pv-p,kv9vcv?6v3
n#pv)r
+ovvvvvJhFvvvvv,vvvvv%kvvvvvrvvvvv.d:ogfed@w{cba[\Y
Z@x{_‘]^@y{p(1),hqvvvvvv. vvvvvv.G:ohgf
edcbp(2)@
Ep[rv$v#f
q v.Wlbv(vJ#v.b
nv!pv%nC&6v,ov%#v0Fvuv7
lh v1vPv.G1
nvSvLGk
,kv!v)0nvPrv9v\v1vd
nqv.#ov-
kn
Yr
En,o%C
nhpG .oU
o.dnEp n
1r-p@
1nvcvJ
n+vKGCn
#nvLnG v$v0Fvuv7o
ov.[v.
kCn
fr
0nvHrvLoLn#nvd
nCn
+rv"p1nv1rv9pv-p#pv)r+vKpgpG vrnvL0nv7p,
Dvvv9qvvv/0ovvv.qpvvvcvvv.G1vvv,vvv.bvvvKGHnGu,hCGvvv2vvvLhgCfG vvvcvvvKGHOvvv1vvvuvvv.fkvvv2G vvvVvvv2vvv.M
(1)G E?L:62vvvv64.
(2)+.O:81.
59www.alukah.net
kvvrvv. vv.G:o%&;phCn
Grvv2vvLhgoCf
qGt
#vvLC8nvv-o vv)8nvv(rvv?
ovv.n,1nvv"rO
nvv1nvv(vv. ovv,vv.
bpvvrvv.HoG vv!6vv-p vvrvvJGvv.&
nvv:rR
nh>nvv,vv.tvv$vv.k
nvvcnvv!
nvv:rR
nhr>nvv7
oOvv18vvJp&vv.&vv.M
mo^_
‘QRSTUVWX)*+,-./0!"#$%&’(@uvp(1)@hG vvvHpvvv1vvv.&
nvvv7o
+vvv(vvv.#vvvcvvv(vvv.+vvv.G vvv9vvvcvvv.#ovvv"o#vvvdG vvvcvvvJh8hG vvv9vvv?vvvP7vvvQ
o
EP.1p-p@
bv.hnOnG$HoQn1rv]n
tv0#pv-p:EPGk
,G v$v0Fvuv7o
Cn
#nvLnJr&v2v26G v!6v-p
ov.[v.
k1v. vH
ovLhL
p#pvv)nG vvrnvvLr0nvv7p#nvvd
nCo
OrvvLn8pvv-p,$p
nf6
G vvcvvKGHnOnvv1nvvE
ovv"71pvv. vvrnvv.re
pG vvuvv.kvvL0vv)nU
nvv2vv.Dvv.k
oi
hgfedcba+,)*/0
-.#$!"’(%&;<9
:@v}p(2)@
Onvu
nv:nG$Hoqv!v1v0
k;v%1v.OnQnC1rv(v.Ango1pvP
ov&Gdm:+nv"r8nvcrvLpkv.f
ntv1vm
nbnvK
6HnG v!
6v-o
G$n
qr
.GenG 92Dn"q1,.e
nYn
2o-?
qvv. vv.G:Cn
>nvv"r
nvvrnvvJr
Cn
+rvv!nvvvn
qnvv.ren&vv.M
m1vv. vv\
7vv.kvv.fp,hn nvv%r0nvv(rvv@
o#pvv(rvv,ovv%E/
q&ovv.Ml
hG v$v&#v(v.fn
@hnCn
+rv!nvvn
qnv.ren+v.Om1v. vL80vF
pG vV
6vLrUnvLpG vcv.8pv1
nv7p,knv,nv!nvuv.G>
nv$v1vcv.k
#v.bvJG
+.OGk
hC8r
2.bn-o,hnC
n+r!n
vn
;$.OGk
1. \q
.ep1n7p,h&?.U. FlhC82.b
o-o@
vvvv+vvKGUnvvEvv1vvF
l@tvv$vv.8nvvLnhrf
n@tvv"7q
nvv.re
m#ovvunvvK
81pvv1rvv)nC
o+rvv!pvvuvv.G1pvv(
nvv.rY
mhGDpvvJm#pvv)n
G vvcnvvKGHp;C#qvv.qnvv.reo
ovv.Wmk
nvvrnvvJr
Cn
+rvv!nvvunvv,ovv%oG vv!
6vv-o8vvcvv. vv/1pvv<
nvv0;
nvv7pC
n&rvv.GY
m#pvv)nG vvcnvvKGHp,
0nvvvuvvvlvvv2tovvv"7hGDpvvvJm#vvv(vvv,vvv./p
tOrvvv9pvvv,
rvvvVvvv. pvvv,pvvv%r@G vvv(vvv.YoG$hdo
tvvv.fn
G vvvV6vvv1rvvvE
nvvv7no(
%&@x|p(3)h+vvvvv.Unvvvvv.rJlR
nvvvvvJ0vvvvvJlqvvvvv.Upvvvvvm
l>vvvvv.A+ovvvvv%rbpvvvvv(vvvvvJ
nRovvvvvLhbp
G vS6v$rvQp,;
ov%Dv.f
nhnqrv:oG v(v.Y
pG v<v.&v2#pv)nG vcvKGHpC
n/hn+ov.nq
nv!rv3o
1v0Op+pv%1pvuov"
8
(1)G 9EL0%:10.
(2)+.O:81.
(3)G E?L:73.
60www.alukah.net
#vv.kpvv1rvv,vv.hn#vv.b
nvv!nvv1rvv,vv.,hnP
n pvvv1pvvL
nkrvvcpvv,vv.E vv/bpvv(vv.fG vvP
6vv$vv.A;vv%qnvv!rvv2pvv,vv.o~}
|p(1),hnqnvvJr
Rn
bnvv%n1vvcvvY
ovv,vv%C
n&qvv,vv.C
o+rvv!pvvu
nvv:r
1pvvM vvMGdmCh1ovvLrtvv.fm,h vvuvv)6tvv0en
G v!6v-pO
ov2vEv.&nv-h8vcv. v/+v.G vuv0eoG vE
nvs7oxwvutp(2),;v%
tvvvv.fG vvvvcvvvvKGHoG vvvv<vvvv. pvvvv=o
hn+ovvvv.nG vvvvL6>rvvvv%o1vvvv. vvvvEpvvvv?vvvv.QnIp
(3)o{zyx
wp(4),hnqnvvvJr
DnvvvJ
nKn#vvv.8vvv(vvv26vvv#1pvvv-pG vvv$vvv0Fpvvvu
nvvv7o
@knvvvrnvvvJr
GnvvvLnLn
ovvv.WlhBd
o1nvvv1rvvv9pvvv-p
G vv$vv&#vv(vv1vv)kvv2>ovv(vvF
pG vv_
6vv0e
p,1
nvvcrvvJn
Cn
fr
Cn
Grvv2nvvLn+ovv%1pvv.
tqrvv9pvvLGHphoq
ovv.Y
pG vvcnvvKGHpG$
n vv1vv%
pbvv!vv/G vvrnvv.re
pG vvuvv.kvvL0vv)n,hnC
nhrUvv.+ovv%1pvvc
nvvJn
ep
Gt
/pt
rvv9pvvlvv.Jp pvv,
nvv0q
0ovvVvv1vv2nvv,ovv%r#vv.0ovvVpvv1vv3o
+vvv&/Ap@8nvvvLnt
nvvv,ovvv%0nvvvH
rvvvLo>
ovvv.fn
Cn
#vvv.#nvvv-oh+vvv.hQGA+vvv%0nvvvErvvvLoO
ovvv,ovvv%,kvvv,vvv.#nvvvcvvvVvvv.el#pvvv)n
G cKGHp@
ChqvvvdnGu1vvvrvvv.e vvv.WmbvvvKG1vvv.
kGvvv.Uvvv.
kbvvv?vvv1vvv2vvv.
k, vvv%0vvv.qpvvvd
r#vvv<vvv!ovvv-okvvv2Cqvvv.Ge
mtvv.kvvL0vv)BGvvL0vv),h+vvKGG vvcvvKGH0vv9vv(vv.Ovv3
o#vvd>vvLGFvv$pvv,vv%G vv9vv2GQ8vvunvv2vv.+vv.,h#vvd
Ro
KhPp+%G KjGQ8n
un
Po.Gk1-@
t.f8cK02o,%b!/#LD!91):
Gyvvv}vvvQIvvvzvvv?G}hyvvv):EfGu[vvv$vvvQCbvvv1ovvv(nvvv,vvv%kvvv#bvvv$vvv.+vvv%,htvvv.f+vvvKGkvvv2G v!v1v",bv(vJ#v.QGhOhG v.[v.
kbv)Xv1v.kv-G v$v0Fvuv7,kv##vLgG v$v0Fvuv7Cf0vPv1vL#vd
C+v!v-G v$v&#v(v1v)hqv:nG vP
6vEnvL,h[v$vP
ov.GCbv1v)G vrv.eG vSv.P0v)G v$ov9nv?nv$rv,pvL0v)bv!v/
1v.H#v(vMd v.Wp,kv#Uv1v2v.G1v. vcv$v/,kvcv.OhGbov$rv1v.&v.
k/0nvLnhrfRv1v,v.
k,h/
0n!r
.hfb!/R2A!
Gyvv}vvQIvvzvv?GyvvDvv9!vv+vv?:E0vvvrvvv.YG vvvJ#vvv.Q1vvv,vvv%,htvvv.f+vvvKGbvvv(vvvJGUvvv2vvv.MG vvv1vvv.eG 9. 2:oXWVUL@}xp(5)@
(1)G E?L:74.
(2)G u,m:113.
(3) rJQ>$,%1E?.QI#)G P$.A@(4)+.O:74.
(5)G r$L:38.
61www.alukah.net
h vvv$vvv.>vvv.AnG vvvVvvv2vvv.MhCRvvvLqvvv:G vvvSvvv$vvvQCGvvvK8vvv,vvv%G vvvVvvv1vvvEvvv7:o(
%&@x|p(1)@
hG vvVvv1vvEvv7o
G vv9vv2Cn
GnvvKn
8rvv,vv%Uvv1vvEvv7
lGvv.Uvv7,G&vvS
nvvr6vv:r
1vv,vv.G$QVohCDvvJ;nvv:r
Unv.r8v.
kbv. v1v.
k#ovlvMbv.
k,htv.f+vKGhqv:RvLhbG vSv$vQ,h+vKgG vVv1vEv7
oG vcv?v1v2v7
o
evv1vvLo#vvlvvV6vv!vv7mh/#ovvE
nvvJ6
OIh/#ovv2vv16vv(vv7,Cn
brvvrnvv2nvv,vv.G vv9vvJ#vv1vvLohG vv$vv\vvLhG vvEvv?vv.QI
ohqvv!vv3
o
b. 2G rL07pO.k!n
,.@
h1vvcvvJG vvV6vv1rvvE
nvv7qvv!vv3G vv!6vv-oG vvrvvL0vv7
nqvv!vv2vv.
k,kvv?vvcvv"bvv. pvv1vv,
nvv.Ovv.kpvv!nvv,vv.:o(
%&@x|po~}|{zyxw@y|p(2)@
hbvv. vv21vv1vv.JG vvrvvL0vv7+vv.Ovvrvv.kovv,vv.,hOvv.kvv!
ovv,vv.+vv.COvv.Ovv.8
ovv,vv.hC
nQrXvv16vv9ovv,vv.,
kvv!vv$vv.O#6vvLnGu8vv!vvvG vvrvvL0vv7pqnvv!nvv3n
1vv1vv.8nvv,vv.qnvv!rvv2vv.k
,kvvVvv.QJCQXpvv16vv9ovv,vv.E vv/G$bvv!vv/,
U.QJOr.ko
,.E /G$Ol",hqo
Yp2nb!/C+"8!vG 21.J@
hCbvvrvv3nG vv!
6vv-oq
nvv!rvv3nG vv2vv1vv.Jp1vv#fC#vv\vvLbvv!vv1vv,vv.#vv\vvLG
kGvv.Uvv.
k, vv1vvQ#vv.Ak
bK1.k
,h/e1<.k
#of1<.k
,h u)#\Ll#)Dp?.QIm#)Op?
81"@
hG vv$vv\vvLkvv2G vvrvvLBf vv%0nvvLpOrE/kvv2Opvv1vv.bG$PiChG vvcvvrvv.HhG vvcvvKGH,
1vv"Efq
GRvv9vvrvv.qvv.Jh8vvcvvL0vvlvv.JG vv$vv\vvLkvv2G vvrvvLBf,#vvcvv_vv$vv,vv.kvv2P vvvG vv$vv\vvL
G H.UG $u.qf#)D?.QIpG P?1"pG KjChqc-Gu1r.e .W@
hG vvv$vvv\vvvL#vvv)Dvvv?vvv.QIG vvvPvvv?vvv1vvv",hqvvvJOvvv$vvv/Gu+vvvKgG vvvEvvv?vvv.QI+vvv(vvv.Ovv?vv1vv0
k,1vv1vv(vv$vv.PtvvLJB0vv7CGvvLiC&vv,vv.Dvv?vv.QI#vv)[vv1vv):oSRQ
0/@xxp(3)@
hDvvv?vvv.QIo
G vvvPvvv?vvv1vvv"+vvv2Dvvv?vvv.QIG vvv\vvv1vvv),h vvvuvvv)GGvvv9vvv0aG vvv9vvvcvvv2vvv1vvvLkvvv2G!0v.Jbv(v,v$v.DvPv3G vEv. v7,h+v2+v(v.Dv?v.QI#vcvJIEbvJGOG
kGv.Uv.
kbv(vJGu
(1)G E?L:73.
(2)G E?L:74.
(3)G KGQ0.J:33.
62www.alukah.net
v,v&/AG vrv.e,h+v2#vcv!v$v71vcv0#v.JGv.Uv7 v,v%,htv#ftv"hGDvJ#v)G vrv.eCbvJGu v-Dv?vLG
kGv.Uv.
k1v-hbv!
6v$v- v-1vcv0#v.JGv.Uv7,/0vHv\v,v-E v/ev1vLg,
k,. -G.U7@
h#v.+v2E/ vEv_v.JDv9v/O#qvLGuqvL0v7qv.e v.WG vuv2v1vLI,hO#6vLnqvLG+v%G$GvLiG v$vEv1v\v71v,v.,hqvYv/bv!v/+v&/AG vrv.eG vuv.kvL0v)G vSv.P0v),hP+v2v.GE / c(7GuhbKG1-@
hQCi vv.WphC+vv!vv-#vv.Dvv"61vv. vvrvv.eG vvuvv.kvvL0vv)G vvSvv.P0vv)#vv)+vv0c,
h#v.hqvd1vrvLG+v%#v)O#v.Q,kvEv$vJhG&vcv$v7Gubv!v/G)0v$v.fhG)Ov0e,hbv!v/G \,.QIhG cl.a,hkLD.G1. rY.Ab!/Ch ,vG u.kL0)(1)@
+vvKG+vv.tovv"7#vv.&
nvvcrvvLpk
ovv-o#pvv)rC
n&rvv2vv.ApO
nvv18vvJp&vv. ovv.Wm,hG vvrvvLBfhG vvPvv(vv7 vv%0vvKtvvLG
#9/#.Jh/Cn
0r)n,h/#.PGkn
cn"n1cJ
nP pv@
N N N N N N
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U517.
63www.alukah.net
64www.alukah.net
sZ?Qs~(11)C!=+q9AoGyz
v&pESJ9b
oh*gt(Hoh*(Sr
on
Gp&rvvv9vvv,vvv/C1rvvv\vvv.
ovvv(vvv.#pvvv)QpD
rvvv!nvvv9pvvv,pvvv%oG vvv9qvvvcnvvv27vvvJp06vvv7pG vvv9vvv2qvvv.#vvv.G1pvvv,vvv.E vvv/G$QGXvvv2
G vv$ovvrnvvJ6Onvv7p@k
nvvrnvvJpG
tbrvv9nvv$nvvLhGhnRGQhG#nvv(vv.[pvvs
nCo
GrvvLibvv.Tnkvv1vv,vv.1
nvvcrvvZoG$
n&rvv2pvv1vv.Ap#nvvd
n
Cn
qrvv.G#pvv,pvv%oG
6vvKp0vv)nt
nvvlnvvLnC
ntrvv<nvvLo+ovv%k
nvv#n
+rvv!nvvunvv,ovv%oG vv!
6vv-o,t
nvvrnvv.re
pUvv. vvF
mhnqnvv.re
p ovv.rWm;hn#pvv(
rvv,ovv%r
#nvv)r>nvv,pvv!
rvv(vv.#nvvVpvv1
rvvLngo#pvv<rvv"n>
ovvLr+ovv%qnvv.re
pEpOrvv$vv.bvv1vv"n,1pvv. vvL
6ervv%p
#pvv)rCn
&6vv,ovv%rD
nvvunvv$ovv.G#nvvu
6vv7n
#ovJ6Ik[v.0v!v7,;ov%6G
tOrv9nv.r
nv:r
qnv2pv1v!
nv7o
GovMGb
nv7o
bv!v/#nvrv. v1vJpG vEovu
rv%p
GovVv.Uv.
k1nvcrvJ
nbov!ov.8
&nvv?rvv$pvv,vv.,1pvvP
nvv2nvv3pEpDrvvYvv.QpO
nvv18vvJp+vv.zbnvv$rvvLph1vv)p
ovvEnvv2qy1
nvvcrvvZnG$
nUrvv(vv.e
pCn
;rvv(vv.AnRp0vv.Qn8pvv-p
pvv2pvv0OpG vvSqvv.ep
hnhnXrvvcpvv,vv.OGGvv"n#nvvu
6vv7n
@@@hn^nvv!6vv:pG vvH
ovvVvv.#nvv7
oqvv.Fpvv$nvv7
k1nvv1rvv)nz>
ovvLr+ovv%m
y
zhnGovvMGb
nvv7nyD
nvv9qvv/qvv.enRvv.H4>ovvLr+ovv$pvv24q
nvv.pj4+vv.zq
ovvVnvv271
rvv)otpvv0Hm
yG vv?nvvJ
8Gt
$n
trvv2nvvLp
pPn18Jp&.#oE
n$6Jm|hnGt
Or
9n
Lr
>n
dnG E
our
%n,kn
c.OnG$n
#LoE /C
n+!p-p@
%0nco
Jr p.o>.OpG
t$o
Or
LnIpk2G$QOf#p)rOGY
m@
pvKG>nv,qvMnJr&
nvlrvPnv,v.hnQn8
6v2nv:
rDv.>pv1
qv.8pv,v.kv2G vP6v1qv.QIp,1
nvcvJn
Cfr
Cn
Xv.knv:rE v1v,v.
G vv,vvJG0vv.,hn>nvvL68vv1vv)p#nvv!vv1vv,vv9nvv1vv)p1pvv$vv1vv.gpR
n#rvvMnen, pvv1nvvPrvvrovv.+vv. pvvM
ohqGQp+pvv%r1nvvLnt
nvv7k
hnGt
Orvv9pvvS
rvvlvv.Akvvvv
tvv$vv.>vvLJpG vvcvv.OIo vvJiGOvv9pvvrvv2vv.dpG vv$ovv,nvv(8vv,vv1vv)n1pvvc
nvv.rOnIpG vvEovv?
qvv.Lp
Cn
hpG vv$ovvcrvv9nvv$pvvLp0vv)n@hqvvJ
rqvv.dQOvv.doGu|:zR|vvReo_vvgvv9eo_
ovvgrvv~
m,hnVpvvqvv9A
oS
ovvtrvv~m
y(1).hnG vv$ovv,nvv(8vv,vv.f
n
qJ0nHr
?n!.f
n#p)[
n!n
3pRn2rAmE/
q#.AnR#Me@
(1)QhGgC1.PQ,CGL>-G 2MqGQk2UE1E-@
65www.alukah.net
nvv%0nvvu
ovv)rR
n#nvv)oG vvcnvv.rOnIp[nvv.p0vv0
ktvv$vv.tvv.f
nR#vv)oG vvK
q+vv.Hp,k
nvv,ovv%r vv%0vvL8vv.Dvv.G
E/qvv!vv1vv0k
bvv!vv/G vvEvvJhOp@kvv2G vv1vv.eG vv<vv.&vv2tvv.&vv.G0vvrvvlvv.fn
C#vv.en1vv1vv9pvv,vv%0nvvLoOqhfn
G vv96vvEpvv1qvv.JphG vv96vv2vvL0vvuvv.Jp#pvv)r>pvv1vvLG&pvv,pvv%o,G vvK0vv)nhnb
nvvJo
h+ovv%1vvM0vv.Qn8pvv,pvv% pvv!vv9qvv,rvv(pvv,
nvv7p1pvvSnvvurvv"m
Cn
kr
Yn"n1
ncJn0n.#1),D9/0o91E
o.G n
,o%oG/pt
Or
9pLGDn
7p#p)rOn
ln
Lp+p%rhn8n
Lr
8p13p1n1r9p,p%r@
OnGnvvv!vvv.GG vvv2nvvv1rvvv:
nhn+ovvv%0ovvvLnO8Ohfn
Oobvvv.AnG vvvL>vvv.Y#vvv)G vvvP6vvvl
nvvvLpzB0pvvv2
ovvv.fn
8vvv.Fpvvv2vvv.fn
b.1pJhfn
pLn
18(.D.#pJhf
ny(1)@
Gnv!vcov.G#nv01pvP
nv,ov%,hnCn
OrvLnbv.GE v/G vEv$qv.e
p0nvfrv9nvPpv!v.f
n,hn0ovMp0v!v.f
nbnv(rv,ov%B;v.Qn
G vP6vlvLp,hn0nvLr8nvJhfzG v2v1v?v.#v.JyG v9v2#pv)Rv#&pv,v.Epbv\v.D+ov%R
ovcv.QG
kCn
trv2nvLn1v. vLqGDv7p@
;ovvv%8
nvvvcvvv.hn&vvv.Gkvvv2EOrGvvv.dpG vvvE
nvvvrvvv.Fpvvv3pE vvv/G vvvfovvvLnapG vvvJqGGpvvv!pvvv16vvv7p,hnhnX
rvvvcpvvv,vvv.1pvvvS
nvvvurvvv"m
bnvvS
rvv.GFvv2&
nvv.bvv.
k#vv.,bvv!vv/C
nfr
0ovvcpvv1vvJhG8nvvLr8pvv1vv2
nvv,vv.hnEpkrvvLGe
nvv,vv.hEpbvv.OI
ntovv"6R
nvv2rAmE vv/
#u.&p-pG$Ur!p2q1
ncr
Jn
Cn
fr
0nPr
9L0E.G@
kvv2Unvv2vv.M
pG vv1nvv.re
pG vv9vv. vv2GpO
rvv9nvv1rvvrnvv_vv.G#ovv9vv#G8vvL0vv)nhP vvv1vvcvvJCfC
nO6hGU
nvv0In
G ln
?Lpk2#n.rbpJp+.Qe%8c2,%G u21LtK vkc"O.#2@
kvv2G vvVvv2vv.MGt
86vvVvv!vv:
rCe7CDvv$vvJn+vv.8pvvlpvv13vv.1vv#
oGrvv9pvv,vv., pvv9
ovvHrvv2pvvL
n+vv.1pvvcnvv.rOn8pvv,pvv%r,
hn8nv\rv$nv,pv)6bv!v/UpvE
6v9pv,v.@;ov%6Uv.QJr8
nv9nv!vrqv/G8vVv./JG$
n+rv"phG$
nqv.QpHp,0ov,nv(
8v&&nv,v.
1pPn
0#n7pG .oU.dp#ndnC
oOr
Ln
8p,.,hn0oHr
2pLh&,.1pMp0.Qn8p,p%r ,.k2G rL03G c.>"@
kvvv2#nvvvPvvv.ApP vvvvn
G vvv1nvvv.ep
Gt
Urvvv\
nvvvEnvvv2nvvv:
rCo
e7CDvvv$vvvJnRn
hr>nvvv,vvv.hnC
nhr/On+vvv. pvvvMp0vvv.QnIp
Co
G9p,.,G 92/8n
Pr
9n
\1doRp0.Qn8n,.1pP2
n3pD.
n9p,.G V
8E8167p1
ncJn
G .p/OIp@
QGDvv:Oo#vv.YoG vvlnvvLnM
p8nvv(vvEvvJpQ
obvv!vv/hn>
nvv(vv.JpG$o
Grvv9nvv1rvv)p;h1vvcvvJG/p
t&rvv9pvv,vv.A#pvv)r
#nvvLGOpvv%p
G/pt
Drvv9pvvlvv.Ap1vv. vv.G vvJIphG vv.G vvJphG vv$nvv.r vv.OIpG vv?
nvvJ0vvJnI,hn8nvvrrvvJp0vv%
pG vv,vvJG0vv.G vv9vv2
Gt
Gr
9.Qn+.G$h/Oo#p)nG 2p0OpG $orn
Jq
On
7p@q.dO.#2:
(1)CGvvL>vv-G vv2vvHvv.Qjkvv2UvvEvv1vvEvv-,DvvJ0vv=1vvLqvv%6385,tvv9vv.HG vvJbvv.GJ,1vv.HEPGCQGO
OlLGk
ChQ>F@
66www.alukah.net
S9|,:+n"rOn$61r:pG
t1r(n9nvpzO.QI
ny0.G. 92?
GyM9y?:&n
cn%@+"r+KGG/p
tOr%o>
n$1"l?
S9|,:>$1"l>JGk
@
Fvv}vv+vv{:E&6vv-oGt
Orvv%oR
nhr>nvv7p&
nvv2pvv28G vv!
6vv-pE1vvLG+vv1vv%nbvv!vv1vv-G vvV
qvv0Io
hG vvPqvv0eoG vv9vv2
tn!
6$n9r,.G $n0Fpu
n7o
hn1nS6
Ln
8r,.1(OE.b
n@
CewSvvv9QIn
:G vvvvEvvvv$vvvvJo vvvv!6vvvv-pC
n&qvvvv(vvvv2O
nvvvv$6vvvv1rvvvv:oG
t1rvvvv(vvvv9vvvv21pvvvv,vvvvKGG/p
tOrvvvv%
pG vvvvKj&vvvv.d
Eb?.1n
uo
%@
S9|,: ,KGO(c92pLo+.C
oGr
9n(.@k$.QC0ov?
CeSvvv9QI:+vvvKG>vvv$vvv1vvv"l@ vvvrvvvJUvvv.Qn/pt
1vvv(vvv9vvv2;vvv0;vvv7o
EGvvv.Im#ovvvEpvvv2vvv1vvv)!EPfO9n
9n
Jn
6"nt<1LG
k@
G&v9v,v:pG vcov\v!v7o
G v$nvJQOv16v7o
,hGt
1v9vJCG vlvVrv"oG vJ
8QGOv27G v?vJ0vJo@bv.OG$h/Oo
E vv/#ovvcnvv!8vv$vv1vv,pvv%rhQpkvv.qpvv,pvv%
pG 6vvK0vv)n+vv(qvv#
oh+ovv%r1vv. vvcovv$rvvLIpG vv9vv2qvv.#vv.G1pvv,vv.,h1pvvPvv0#nvv7p
G vvcnvv.rOIp,knvvSnvvunvvLh+ovv%hn8vv$vv(6vv.G
nvv,ovv%rCf
r0nvv(vv. vv.G#vv.&vv. vv.g#pvv)QpXvv/G vv!
6vv-ph;vv.G1pvv-,
h0vvSvv.+pvvJhG#vv.Rvv.+nvvJhgokvv2QpDvv!vv9pvv,vv%,hhbvvJh+vv%1vv(DvvYvv.QpG vvV7vv.nQpG vvlvv.8vv.evvLGkpvv1
6vv7pG vv9vv2G
t rvv9vvrvv\vv.+vv.,h8
nvvcrvv!vv1vvrpvv,vv.bvv!vv/
nvv.rDvv7pG vvEvv.Fpvv]p pvv1vv9vv$vvu
6vv)nG vv?vv$vv1vvd
o#pvv)#ovvSvv.+nvvJn8pvv,vv. pvv9nvvcovv%6G
t rvvlvv.FpvvJI@h vvupvv)qQpkvv.q
nvv,vv%
nvv%0nvvu
rvv9vvlovv.G1vv,vvKG,1vv"P
n+vv2vv.GE vv/G vv$vvJ0vvLhn[
nvv!vv2vv.G#pv(rv-oG vP
6v$v.Mn v,ov%1v./pt
Orv9pv$v.Y
pE v/CGv2v.QpG vL8D
rv!v7pGpv0dn
DpvV6v7pG v$ov\v.
nvcnv7p,k
nvPnv$nvF
n
n
,o%q.F0k
:hC&.C0rY.k
O#O9$pdo#nc
nuo
%hCR.+pJo
G V7.nQn@
Sv9|v,:Cn
8nvPrv$nvF
o v20v.COv9v.Po
Cfr
Cn
OrGov"nE v/e
ovLrknv7pG v$vcv!
8v$v1v)n$
nOvrpv1nv,ov%#v.An
R#Me?
QD6v3
nG v$vJ0vL;v%qG v$ovcnv!8v$v.f1pv,vKpgG vHv\v.IG v?v$v1v!v7p,G v9v28vJ
od7
bv!v/#vJiG .nk.ApG Kj0E$p!
o-O.#2hC
nGn.Gg $oc!
8$1,%hQk.qp,%@
v%0vcovJr v%h/Ophnqrv:l0vP
rv9v$pvcv.fn
kv1v-p v!vrpvVnvWpG v?v$v1v!v7pG v9v28vEvupv1
rv,v. v,v%
67www.alukah.net
Co
#7v,v%,h8ovKn
t8vLo+ov%1pv#&v2v1v.ApG v!
6v-phQoO
ov!pv-p,kvrvJpGt
qrv9nvLnHn#nv.rbpvJ
oG/p
t#rv9pvEv.&v.JpG v(
8v,v.Fv16v7p,
kv#Dv$vJo0nvPrv9nvcpvJ
7/pt
#rv9vEv.&v.JpG vS6v,v.OnIpG v$ov9nv.nO
8v\nv7p,hC
nGnv.GgoC0rvYv.
k nvJn0rv,pv%oG
t#rv9pvEv.&v.Jl
#nvJrQnOpv16v7l
hbv!v1v,pv%rEPGk
Cf0ovYv.bpvlov.G>
ov,v.On+ov%)p&rv,v.ApG v.G>pv2v.JpG
t rv1nv.#pv1
6v7p,hn#ovLG>nvcnv7p
G vvJ7QhSpG vvP6vv.1pvvr
nvv7p,Dvv9qvv//8
nvvurvv<ovvLnbvv!vv1vv,pvv%k
nvv1ovvY
rvv\nvvL7hG1vvcvvJ
nFvvKm pvv!vvP
qvv,nvvLpG vv\6vv.0vv",
hG EpL#.fp#p)nG (6.rep
,h+KG#./0o\p1r.fn
@
Rvv.QnanG vvcvv.eoG vvJqQGOpvv2qbvv!vv/G/pt
&vv9vv,vv.Ah8vvEvvJq
OJ#vv.Gbvv1vvJG/#vv9vvEvv.&vv.J,
hUvvv.Qbvvv!vvv/G vvv9vvv0#vvv1vvvKpCf0ovvvunvvv<8vvvlvvv.G>
ovvv,vvv.On+vvv%Cn
trvvv<vvvLn pvvv1
nvvvErvvvVvvv!vvv.Gbvvv!vvv/G vvv(6vvv9pvvv1
rvvv?nvvv7p
G vv$ovv9nvv.nGqvv.Ip,k
nvv.t
#rvv9nvv(nvvcvv.Gbnvv)r#ovvSvv.+nvvJnIpG vv9
8vv!vvlvv.Rp,ChpG vvH
ovvLhL
p#pvv)nG vv2nvv1rvv:pE/
q1pvvYrvvdn
Onqvv.Fpvvsn0nvv?
rvv!pvvPvv.fn
kvv1vv,vv.kvv2RvvLknvv7pG vv$nvv(rvvMpdp, pvv!vv9
qvvLh0vvFp
bnvv)pG vv(6vvl
rvvQphnG
t rvvcnvv1rvv)p,C
nhr
p9n(.hodpG \
6c.ep
1pPo
Lr
bn
7m@
hn nv%r8
nvKr
+nv3r
>ov,v.Oo+ov%+v2v.AkkvrvJ&v.
ov.G#v.8
nvcpv2v.G$p
n>rv!pv-p@@@Uv.Q#pv)rDvs
q
G$h/OpvvvvhG$n
+v"pC0vYv.k
vvvvG v9vLh0vFo
bnv)pG v(6vl
rvQp1pvS
nvurv"m
OGFpv%m
knv?nv!nvPv.Gkv2D
nvJp0rvrnv7pG v2nv1rv:p0nvP
rv9nv$rv9pvcv.fn
1v. v,v.GApG v$ov(rvcpvTphn0nv9nv##6v!v.fn
#nv(rv_nvLnG vrnv$nvLphG v(7v?
ov.ep
G vKj0nv$rv(nvFo
G vvP6vv$vv.An>
nvv$vv./k
Gnvv0q
1vv.k
,hn0nvv9nvvKn
t6vvLhf
nqnvv.rdnG vv!
6vv-p8vvcvv. vv/:olkjih
g@{p(1),hnqn
.r o
-o:o‘]^CDAp(2)@
S9|,:Cn
#.D.fn
G .q:o
1n
cr
Jo
?
G}ew:Cj7hnqr
:m?
S9|,:hnqr
:oG rnV
nW!C
n n
)r&o
9.1pcn,.?
G}ew:1vv!vv/,h+vv"r0ovvcrvvrnvv"oCn
fr
&nvv9rvvLot
nvv,vv.?+nvv18vv,vv.GC
n&rvvlovvPnvvu
ovv%r pvv0p
tOrvv9pvv$vv.Y
p,hn
nvvupvv)r
1n
cr
Jn
G/pt
&r
9p,.Ap#p)r8n(.hodpG $o<
n!6
?.Jp@
>nvv!
nvvPvv.G>
nvv$vv1vvcvv.k
1vv.t
+rvv9pvv$vv.em
pvv$nvv.8nvvrovv. vv-C#7vv,ovv%,hP pvvv
n1nvvcrvvJ
nGovvLhL
pG vv.G pvvJ
(1)G V.k.J:6.
(2)kV!::37.
68www.alukah.net
pvvcvv1vv.OnIpC
nDnvvJpC
nUrvvJpqvv.Fpvv-p,G vvKjC
oUpvv1rvv3
n1vv.bvvuvv7UpvvE
8vv16vv7C;vv(vv.Anqpvv1vv.#pvv-p1pvvc
nvv$nvv!pvv-p,knvv(nvvrnvv!
nvv-o
Ro#n0DogoE /1
n1r9p-p,1n
cr
Jn
Qnkr
Yp-pG K6
+.HnE /G $oPr
9n
Sr
l/EPr
%0nLn
Xn
LhQIk K v@
hnbpvv1vv.OnIo
G vv$nvvL0vvZp#pvv)rDnvvs
8G vv$ovvP
rvv!pvv%p
bvv!vv/G vv$vvPvv!vv%,1vv"#vv)Dnvvs
8G)&vvPvv.fp
1pvvSnvvurvv"m
bvv.eqbvv!vv/CGvv1vv-pG)&vvPvv.fp@kvvrvvJqvv.dn
Ovv1vvJo&vv.#vvEvv$vvJ|:zIvvuw
Gyvv}ovvTrvvzpvv~pfvvzvv)Gyvv}ovvTrvvzpvv~p
Lvv}vvU
l:QnOwGyvvTvvv;ep
,hnfpvv+vv9OnIo
Gyvv}nvvQ*vv̂p,hGt@
xvv=vv9YoGyvvGnvv"vv9FpvvRp,hnEFvv9<nvv?
o
GyOv
f
r(Ip,hn@n
W}p+rB
oGyg9_pUpy(1).
qv. v:pG$e7:8nvcnvL6k
rv(v.kv2qpvV
nvWG$n
&rv2v1v.ApG v9v2OvLO8
ov,v.
nvuov%E v/C
n&v2v1v.ApGu
8vvvcvvv. vvv/:BOen,h&vvv.Mm
,h+vvv.Om,hUvvv. vvvFm
hE1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%,hEOvvv$vvv.bvvv1vvv"nh vvv.Wmbvvv!vvv1vvv,vvv%>vv$vv1vvcvv.
kUnvv!vv.GJoG vv!
6vv-phOvv0#ovv-o@hG vv1nvv.renO
nvv(nvv9nvvEnvvJ
6Ko
bvv);vv0;nvv7m#pvv)nG$
n&rvv2pvv1vv.Aphn+ovv%r
EpOr
E.bn
h0ncr
r.Hnh0.Oo
mn#p)rP
oQ8067pO18Jp&.E1LG+1%nb!1,%G V
60Io
hG P6
0eo@
S9|,:;0;7o
C&21.AmOnkr
cn
7k
hGDpJI!?
G}e:Cn
>nvv"rh+vvKG vv1vvQtvv<vv1vvLG
k,kvv. vv(6vv2pvv1
qvv.fpG$n
h6/fp vv1vvQ nvvJn0rvv(vv.#nvvcrvv!vv.#vv.Jl
tnv<v1vLIlb
nv(rv,v$v.,hnqnvJr
Pn
tnvLn+ov$v.G v!
6v-okv2tv9v.1pv-G vu
nvL0v%
p#nvLqGJmqv!v1v!v7
k,#nvd
nCn
f6
G$n
Grv2v.Qn
G v.GQpOnIn
bv)C+v"pG vuv9v.Hp1pvSnv#&pv,v$v.t
nv<pv1vLI
l>vJG
k,hn
nvupv(
6v(v.G
t86vlnvrrv(v.,C
nfr
/&nvKr
tovLnE/
q
#.hnQnOnk2Rn
L0cn
9p(.&n
Er)o,hn
n)r&
n#Go
Kn
R1,.k
b)C+"G u9.H@
C|v9Sv+xvOo!v9ESvJv9bo
ppv;!nvgrvzv~f
nv"rv&oE:|v9P
nv
nvQngoGyvt
ovQBfo|pv#nGyv=ovW
rvQi,
GyA,I
n}
nz
nA
r%9Gy}n;Fpwn
?
oypTn+xOp!9E<QG$+~
nphRn
hrFAp&GyTv+xOnIS9QI
nZ@
CIv}vO:C&vv.CPtvvL8vv!vvvG vv2vvSvvLikvv2qvv. vv-8vvcvv. vv/:o;<=
>?@12345678I@~{J
KLMNOPABCDEFG
HYZ[@u|\]^_‘QR
ST@v|p(2)@
(1)#9lsb!1-:G 2H.Qj,1Lq%1240,h#P!%,1Lq%2162.
(2)+.O:69vvvv71.
69www.alukah.net
hqvvvvvv.d8vvvvvvcvvvvvv. vvvvvv/:oJILK@vzNMPOB
ADCF@wzEHG:9<;@xz>=
@?2143@yz6587*),
@zz+.-0/"!$@{zp(1)@
hqvvvvvv.d8vvvvvvcvvvvvv. vvvvvv/:o3412~}@yw|{zyxwvut@zwsrqpon@{wmlkji@|whgfedcbaP@}wONMLKJIHG@~wFED
CBA‘_@uxp(2)@
kvvv. vvv<vvv0KOvvv.Q8vvvHvvv2vvvL&vvv.bvvv)Xvvv1vvv.aE1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%p,Ef6
GuCQOnvvv!
nvvv,ovvv%
vvv1vvv2vvvS8vvvLhg1vvv(OvvvEvvv.b,h vvvM0vvv.OIOvvvLhQ+vvv%C&vvv,vvv.Ovvv9vvv2vvvrvvv/Ovvv.QIhRh>vvv,vvv.E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%
#.>.On0r)p, 1S.+JGDl1Jn+$.0cr.Hn!
#vvdEfOvv18vvJn8nvv(nvv.Ovv.QI
n8nvvcnvv?
6vv2vv:r
tvv1vvmOvv9vv!vvJoh+vv2bvvrvv1vv%l,hEf+vvKG vvSvv2Al
b?13l
eL03l
k,2t21LIl
1. P8)8hbr1%l,ku1mO
n9n!pJ?
h+vvKG+vv.C#vvLoGu8vvcvv. vv/G vvKjRvv.ACf8vvEvv$pvv"nQnervv%nC&
6vv,vv.bvv?vv.Rlbvvrvv1vv%l
hRvvv.AGuCf8nvvv!pvvvJ
nEOvvvEvvv.b
n&vvv2vvv1qvvv.
k,hRvvv.ACf8vvvPvvv9vvv$vvvLnDvvv1vvv.8nvvv,ovvv$vvv.Dvvv9vvv/0ovvvJQptvvv.
Dvvvlvvv1vvvJn+ovvv$vvv.0vvvcvvvrvvv.H! vvvrvvvJRvvv.AGuP vvvvhqvvvJq
Qg,h#vvv.qvvvJ6
QgGukvvv01vvvJCf
0nvvv9nvvvEnvvvr
6vvvsn,$f
qGukvvvcvvv.d
l vvv$vvv.0vvvL0vvvJ,h/0ovvvcvvv?pvvvMogoRvvv2Alkvvv2G$QrVph/kvvv2
G P$.A@
h1K vCtLeGuNE1LG+1%phRh>n-o1.1(,$.EOE.bp(3)@
h vvv%0ovvvKr
tnvvvLrbvvv)Ovvv1vvvJ&vvv.EOvvvEvvv.b
nG vvvuvvv<vvv1vvvLn#vvv<vvv"1vvv.qpvvv2G$&vvv2vvv1vvv.AhG vvvLOvvv",
(1)G E?L:51vvvv56.
(2)G KGQ0.J:24vvvv30.
(3)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U422.
70www.alukah.net
kvv0&vvcvvLao#vv)qvvVvv7EOvvEvv.bn
pE/#vv.CGvv2vvLn&vv.1pvv-pkvv2G vvrvvLBfp,kvv0&vv2vvEvv=o
b)EX.k.JmCh8lY10Jm#)#V.OQe1Lp###.&7@
h+vv(vv.c#ovv2rvv,nvv$vv.Jtvv<vv1vvLIlkvv2qvvVvv7EOvvEvv.bp,#vv)Dvv1vv=8vvlvv.Uvv1vv"o
h/O8pvv-p,hRvv2vv.1ovv-ohC#vv.tvv)oEqvv.#nvv9pvv-p,hUvv!vv9ovv-o1vv#1vv1vv-E1vvLG+vv1vv%,hRhG>vv-hCh/Og,
h&2.8-hOb.8-,hD1.8-hhk.8-!
h+vvvKgG vvv$vvv2vvv,vvv$vvv.Jo&ovvv2rvvvrvvv1vvv,vvv.bvvv!vvv/E1vvv,vvv.#vvv,vvv.,h/&vvvHvvv.Vokvvv28
nvvvErvvvJ0vvvJp+vvv.
h8p2r1.&,.,h&
nup"oG c!%n1,.E /Gu(1)@
kvrv]&vcvLaCfGuNDv1v)CQOv"nG v$v0Fvuv7n
v9v2vSv1vLE1vLG+v1v%np1v#f
Rh>v9nv-oOv.QIn
Ov9v(v?pv3oG1v(nv,v.EOvEv.b,h1v$v.E&v,v.bv?v.Rbvrv1v%,kv(&v,v.8
nv_ov)nC&
qv,v.
v)8v2vrv/Dv1qv7k
Dv9v/0nvurv2nvLnG1v(ov,v.EOvEv.b,h8v_v)7C&v,v.Ov9v$v.Jokv2[vlv. v9v-,hC&v-
Ov1vcv1vTo0nv9v1v$v.
k@hqvJ[
nv$rv#&v9v,v.G v$v0Fvuv7,hCGv2vL8v,v.C&v,v.Ov9v2vrv/Dv1qv7k
Dv9v/0vuv2nvLn
EOvvEvv.b,hOvv9vvSvv,vvJoRhG>vv-,;vv%Ovv9vvSvv,vvJh/OIG1vv(vv-0vvcvvrvv.H,hOvv9vv\vv$vv,vv)1vvLD0vv7Dl1J+.@
h+KG8uL0%l#)Gu ,.,)0$.&,.h8n
Pr!1$,.h>p,.Op+.hU
n2r
Lp+.@
hn+nvv3nGuEOvvEvv.b
n)1vvLG+vv1vv%nbvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.G vvPvv0ebvv!vv/tpvv2
nvvL,hnRnvvunvvLnE1vvLG+vv1vv%o
Q16-b!/+KgG (8
cr$p7,hO
n?6!:B0.JoG rLBfR
our
Lngr L1-(2)@
G}e:+vvKGkvvrvv]#vv.&nvvcvvLpk
ovv-ob
nvv)r+vvKGG vv(6vv2pvv28G vvuvvL0vv%p
,hCfGuqvvJ>nvvcnvv!
nvv-o
+vJ0qv7k
h#vuv.kv#nIk
h;v.G1v.k
Oo&rv1nv.p0qv.
k$1pv1rv-pG vKjhnk
qv/,hC&v->
nvcnv!nv-o&v2v1qv.
k#v)G vVv. pvEpv1v)n,
;%Cn
br
rn
2n-o1p1
ncr.Hn,htK vG P
7(q7o
G S6
Lp0l7o
%8KtLg@
hC#v.Onv18vJo&v.0nvcrvrov.Hok
nv$v.&
nvcrvLpaobv(v-C
n&qv-G
t1rv)oOv18vJp&v.EOvEv.b
nDnvP
rv2v$v.8ov2nv18v)o
G vv2ovvSvvLi,hnCn
&6vv-C
n1vv.G;
rvv(nvv2b
nvvSnvvLnhn
nvvJG
k,hn/
n&nvvcrvv!
nvv%oG
tOrvv%nC
nDnvvJm#pvv(
rvv,vv%E/Ovv18vvJp&vv.
z0.Omy@h/&c!%#)+2CeO1qJ&.0.Om@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U429.
(2)G $L>dG P.1s,G ?MAG <.&2,U47.
71www.alukah.net
tovvv"7#vvv.&
nvvvcrvvv!
nvvv$ovvv-o+vvv.C
n&6vvv-ohnC
nGovvv.gho pvvvJG#pvvv)rC
oe5
hGDpvvvJnIm,+vvv2e
nvvv1rvvvLoCe
81nvvvrpvvv1
6vvv7pEpGrv.8pv-p,C#v.1
nvrpv16v7o
G)pGrv.nIpkv0&vJQj+v"+ov%>v$v1vcv.
kC1v(v.AoCe
5hGDvJ
nImC
nerC#6v,v.Jm
#o9ncn
J8
OGJm@
h+vvKG#vv.&nvvPrvv9nvv.Dpvv1
rvv-p#pvv)rqvv. vv-8vvcvv. vv/:o^]‘_BADCp(1),hq. -8c. /:o’(%&[p@@@@
kvvv2+vvvKGG vvv.qvvv:hnUnvvv"nG$HoE vvv/G vvv2vvv1vvv:p@kvvvrvvv.dCDvvv$vvvJ: vvvrvvvJb
ovvvJr
Jn
OL0c.k
!C n
%r8n
MoQrUJ0rnv
nG $L0Z
n?
G$H:1v!v/!hnQnCn
0rv9ov-o1pvHnv1rvLh v!
6v-pG vEv$vJo@hbv1v.OIoG v$vL0vZp/0nvVpvF
7Cfr
8vvv\vvv.dn,1vvv"0ovvvPrvvv9nvvvE
nvvv37C
nfr
8nvvvrrvvvVovvvLn1pvvvr
nvvvJr
QpG)p#vvvuvvv.fpDvvv9vvv//0vvv(vvvMnbvvv@n,kvvv1vvvuvvvlvvv2
G v?ov!v.Sobpv(vJ
ngoGv$vQ
nOqv.FvsnChb
nvSrvLGk
Dv9v/0nvPrv9v#&pvQ
nhn8nv\pv1v3
n&nvlrvPov-o;v%8vJbv.
vv-tvv$vv.tvv.f0nvvlrvvcnvv"oOvv1vvJo&vv.#vvEvv$vvJ|,EP0vvrvv.d vv-:z:<vvzSn,_vv%vv(QlEf
V9AnGyzv&oy(2).
;%Cn
QrOnan:+"to(r9o%r8
nPr
9n$pc.f
nE /q
nVWpG$
n&21.A?
Svv9|vv,:&vvcvv%@ vvrvvJpGt
&rvv9nvv,nvv1rvv(vv.#pvv)nG vvJ7QhSphG/p
t#vv9vvEvv.&vv.Jph vv!
6vv-pG vvEvv$vvJo,
hU.Q1(#u.&p(.Gt
Or
9p$.YoG rpVWG $l1JI@
G}H:h#)+.G (q22G Kj8n
9n
cn
Lq
k.fb!/Op1rLn
8p-G 1.e?
S9|,:E&6,%;0;n
7l
:EOE.bo
,h0cr.Ho,h0.Omon@
G}H:CjEp&q
,%t!q
,%0n(r9nPp2.fE /O18J&.E1LG+1%np@
S9|,:&n
c%,Gt
1(o-hDl1JogohG1)oDl1Jpgp@
G}H:hE /C0)hnUn!r
9o%?
(1)0.Om:8.
(2)UE1FG 2H.Qj,L7,1.H:b1.OIG$bLGH,DJ0=1Lq%5656.
72www.alukah.net
CIvv}vvO:tvv.&vv:8vvEvvJq
;ovv(vv.bvv)#vv.&
nvvcrvv!
nvv$ovv-obvv)Ovv1vvJq&vv.0vvcvvrvv.Hp,h vv%
&u$p"r1cJ@
G}H:8n
rr
VpJo
G $o2r,n$.Jpk2qV
q7p0cr.Hnp@
G}e:&vvvvvcvvvvv%;hUvvvvv!vvvvv(vvvvv.E vvvvv/PptrvvvvvLp0vvvvv.Ovvvvvm
nphE&vvvvv-hCGvvvvv.g#vvvvv)Ce5
hGDvvJI@@@@htvv(qvv.Ovv(vvuvv$vv"vvvv vv./DvvYvv.QcvvvvG vvEvvJ0vv=n
bvv)G vv$ovv2rvv,vv$vv.Jpkvv2qpVq
7p0cr.Hnp@
h8vvvvv.1vvvvvcvvvvv:G$eoDvvvvvJ0vvvvv<vvvvv,vvvvv.:h vvvvv%0vvvvvlvvvvvVvvvvv"G vvvvvrvvvvvLBftvvvvv<vvvvv1vvvvvLGk
kvvvvv2qvvvvvVvvvvv7
0vcvrv.Hp,#v)Dv1v=h/O8v-h&vSv#8v-hRv2v.1v-hEqv.#v9v-,hE&v$v.PtvLERv.QGJm#vvv.>vvvMI
kbvvv)Upvvv!
nvvv9pvvv-p1vvv.1vvv(pvvv-p0vvv.Ovvvm
nhC1vvv(vvv.Fpvvv-pG!GvvvL0vvv),h#ovvvcrvvv_nvvv%n+vvvKgG)Rvvv.QGJp
kvvvv2qpvvvvVqvvvv70vvvv.Ovvvvm
np,hOvvvv(vvvv9vvvvEvvvvJq
Ko
bvvvv(vvvv,vvvv.Dvvvv1vvvv(vvvv$vvvv.COvvvvLoOo vvvvuvvvv%qvvvvVqvvvv7
n
0.Omp@
h0v?v3Cf8vcvLkv.GEf+v(v.c#ov2rv,nv$v.Jmkv2qvVv70vcvrv.Hnp,/1v1v.f ,.k2B0.JG rLBf,h/k2CD.O0=QO.dGu|@
h#vv)+vvKgG vv$vv2vv,vv$vv.JG vv9vv2/1vv1vv.f vv,vv.:GOvv%C#vv-,bvv$vvLhG vvJgEOvvEvv.b
bv(vJh/O8v-@8vEvJ0vJ#vuv.fhR#v.fh/O8v-,+v" v-EGv.GfChCGv.GJ,h v$v.PGOov$qv2
p0vcvrv.H@@@8vlv.Uv1v"o[vlv. v9pv-ph&vSv#
n8pv-phRv2v.1pv-p,8vlv.Uv1v"oDv1v.8pv-phCbv$v. pv-p,
8vvlvv.Uvv1vv"oQDvv08pvv-ph8vv(vvrvv08pvv-p,GOvv%oRh>vv9pvv-pChRh>vv.8vv-h&vv.YoqvvLG1vv9pvv,vv. vv-,8vv.R0vvdo
C1v(v.Fv-bv!v/Rn
hr>v.8v-,8vEvJ0vJoCOv$v.ApC1v(v.Fv-,8vlv.Uv1v"ohkv.8v-,8vEvJ0vJobov$ovLpgpbv(vJ
hkv.8pv-p,8vEvJ0vJoR#v.fph#vuv.fphkv.8pv-p,8vEvJ0vJoqv2vLpgpG vKjOo
kpv)nkv1v-,Ov2v3o
8vPv$v1v9pv-pEOLGF1",hn#nc
r(/+KGG/O%(1)@
krJPtLG rLBf 1cr.HpGO$1):0cr.HhEOLGFn1"n@
hqvvvvvJPtvvvvvLGOvvvvv%nEOvvvvvLGFvvvvv1vvvvv"n#vvvvvL68nvvvvv1rvvvvv)pkvvvvv2G vvvvvrvvvvvLBf,G$h vvvvv/:kvvvvv2Ovvvvv.QI
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U49.
73www.alukah.net
Bdbv$vLGf,bv(vJG vEvJ0v=bv)#v.DvLq#v-bv!v/&vlvPv-,h#v.DvLq#v-Gubv!v/1v(v2EOLGF1"@
C#vv.G vv<vv.&vv1vv7:kvvKtvvLkvv2Ovv.QI#vvL0vv%,bvv(vvJG vvEvvJ0vv=bvv)Rnvv?nvvLnI
nG vv(7vv2qvv.qI,
G $9lLb7pb)E1LG+1%hb)0cr.Ho@
CI}O:h#.G KjDn
L6#n-oO1qJ
o&.0cr.Hopb!/&lP-?
G}e:qvvv.d8vvvcvvv. vvv/kvvv2Ovvv.QIBdbvvv$vvvLGf:o:9(’&
%$#"!0/.-,+*)X
WVUTS@x~p(1)@
C&MdGu+KgG!07k2#?.O 7G LO.d|$+"G u9.H@
F}+{:h#)+%C+"G u9.H?
G}e:+vv%G vv1vv,vv.OhG vv(vvVvv.Qi,h vvuvv)+vv(vv.tvv.fG vvEvvJ0vv=bvv)G vv1vv,vv.O,1S#f0cr.Hp,h#.DL
q#-b!/&lP-8rL1.k
E /GuN@
h8vvuvvKH+vvKgG!0vv7h#vv.1vvcvvJn+vv.G vv1vv,vv.Okvv2#vvMGbvv$vv,vv%hCtvv.P0vv2vv,vv%Dvv.d
0cr.Hp@
kvvrvvJhQODvvJ0vv=bvv)G1vv)bvv2vv.S[qvv.d:DnvvY
nvvLnJrbpvvV
nvv.1nvv7l
#vv)G vv1vv,vv.Op&nv2v26Gu|0v.#v.
k@kvrv. v.G:0v.C1v.G vrv.Ov%,D
nvJ8
;rv(v.bv)Gpv0dm&vPv#
o vvn
bnv(rv,ov)6,
/0ncr!n
$o,o)6E/&n
224@
qvvv.d:Onvvv!vvv.&vvv2bvvv$6vvv.Rpvvv,
rvvv9ovvv%r,h vvvupvvv)rG>rvvvcnvvv!
ovvv.G vvv2Pp#6vvv7
nG vvv!
6vvv-p,h#vvv.C
nGnvvvKn
0nvvvcrvvvrvvv.Hop,bvvv!vvv/1nvvv(vvv1vvv-p,
nvvv,pvvv)rD
nvvvJ6
;rvvv9ovvvuvvv%R
nvvv1rvvv,vvv.
kknvvvcnvvvLnk
rvvv9ovvv$vvv.go
nvvv9ovvv9vvv.1pvvvc
ovvv(qvvv2bvvv!vvv/G)O0e?
q. .G:kK pvn
nvn@
(1)Bdb$LGf:93.
74www.alukah.net
q.d:kn
Pn!.&2b
n$q.Rp,r
9o%@
qvv. vv.GCn
Grvv2pvvLr&vv.bvv)CQr1nvvd
pGvv0d&
nvvPrvv#n
ovvvn
bnvv(rvv,ovv)6:C
nGrvv2pvvLr&vv.C
nj6G vv\
6vvcvv.eDnvvL6en
EOLGF1"ob!/&n
lr
Pp-p#p)rq2"Cf8n(rMpd
nG 96.rQGIo?
q.dn
:kn
cn!n
1ruo
%rbn,rJ
oG !
6-ph#1<.q
o,)
n,p)rC&.CG
r2n
Lr
8o
uo
% n
9o
9.1pco(q2?
q.dn
:k#n
br
\.go#.R.An#p)rbn,Jmh#1<.bm@
qvv.d:knvv#o
&rvvSpvvJ
otovv%r1vv. vvKjC&
rvvMnd
nG vv9vv.QGInbvv!vv/#vv.Ovv/p:+vv"8
nvvcrvv!
nvv$vv.f
n
Cn
f6
EOvvvLGFvvv1vvv"n0vvvcvvvrvvv.Hnp#nvvvLpVn#nvvvLnXvvv.k
RnvvvJ0vvvJG
k,h[vvv.d
nOnvvvr
nvvv$ovvv-o,k
nvvv(nvvvK
nQnu
&nvvKr
QGk
, vv,vv)Rnvvlvv.goGu8vvcvv. vv/#pvv)rO
ovvrrvv$pvv-p,
nvv1ovvEvvL
8#nvv)6Cn
Dvv36G vvS
6vvLGHpE vv1vv-,hC
nDnvv3
6
G vv\6vvcvv.e
pE vv1vv-@htvv.fC
nDnvv3
7G vv\vvcvv.ep
E vv1vv- nvvErvv$vv.f
nG)1vv",hCDvv3
7G vvSvvLGHpE vv1vv-C 2.&
n,.?
q. .G:G !6
,o%6&n
cn%q.d:G !
6,o%qGR
r,nJr
bn!n
1,%(1)@
G}H:hG vvEvvJ0vv=[vv.0vv"h vvuvv)#vv.0vv,vv$vv(vv.+vv.CfGOvv%0vvcvvrvv.Hp
+v.EOvLGFv1v",h+v&/AG v(vlvL#v)G v1v,v.O>v.DhGG vLOv.d| v1vPv# v.gh0v$v9vEv(v.g,h0ovv.n>
8vv,vv.G vv-COvv,vv!vv7
k/0nvvcrvv!
nvv%o>vv.G1nvv,vv.E/&
nvv2pvv2q@hEfG vvLOvv.dn|0vvcvv!vv%oG
ovv!ovvsn
G v1v,v.OpG vP6v2An,h&
nvlrvPpv1
6v9nv,ov%rG v$vL0vYnv7n
,hn0nvcrv!nv%oC&v,v%O
nv1nvurvlovLhf1v-Dv9qv/ v.C>v.1nv,v%
bv!v/COv,v!v9v,v%!h v,vKGCGvKbv!v1v,pv%oG vcv,vJnhG v$v1v<v.bn
Cf0ov&#v(v.G1v-h0v96v2vcv.go,EPGt.f>.G1o-oUE1E.
kU.F2.
k@
vvvvrvvvvJqvvvvJq
e vvvv,vvvv%G)>vvvv.1vvvv.JpG vvvvVvvvvEvvvv1vvvvEvvvv7n
bvvvv!vvvv/Cn
Orvvvv,pvvvv!
nvvvv9pvvvv,vvvv%oG$Q1vvvvcvvvv7@@@
h#o01P.Jp#.Dn
L6#n-o0cr.Hob!/&lP-@
kv!v$v.C>v.1v,v%bv!v/8v!vvG$Ov,v!v7,hCDvL>nv,ov%r1pvVpvE
6v7pG)>v.1v.J, v%0nv2rvsn
b!1,%E/G .k.Ao1. cn,rJp,hG82.bp-phG JG.dpk2G)O0e@
8vv.1vvdnG$HoDvvJ0vv<
nvv-ohqvv.d:hnhnQnOnGOvv%oEOvvLGFvv1vv"nvvvv0vvcvvrvv.Hnkvv2G vvrvvLBfkvv2
(1)CGL>-G 9L#Kj,#H9VLGk
1Lq%5121.
75www.alukah.net
qvvvv. vvvv-8vvvvcvvvv. vvvv/:oABGHEF;<9:?@
=>34127856+,)*
/0-@}zptv2qvLG$HohnOnv?
nvJn pvP
ov?v.OpG v98v0hIp,hqv.dkv2O
ov?v.Opgp:zOv2vEv.fQ1v2G$bv!v/yzOv2vEv.&
nvvn
G v!6v,v%6Q16v(v.h1pvE
nv$rvJpcn
,G v!6v,v%6GevlpvL
r v2yhObv.
zG v!6v,v%6 vv
nOnv?
nvJr
Joh1vvn
B#v(rv:o,h vv
nCn
Orv!nv$rv:
o,Onv?
nvJn
hn>rv,v2 v!
6v-pG vKjG
nv!nvrnv-o
hUnvv.6Qngo,hnR
nvvs
6Onvv$rvvcnvv-ohn1nvvV
nvvLngo,1pvvEnvv.r pvv-phq
ovv.68pvv-py,zG vv!
6vv,vv%6Gtvv9ovv3
r vv21pvv,vv.Cn
>rvvLG
k,
hnXnvdr
1pv,v.hpRr
QGk
,hG>rvcnv!
rv,v. v2bv(vJcPGvLG
khn8nvrnv26v!nv,v.#pv(
qv2tv$v.8
nvrnv26v!rv9nv,v.#v)bv2vJpc
n
OGhOy,;%q.en108u21Lmh/8n
P!1%@
GO9n
fr
LnHnO.#2+KGG lpc
r"nhnOn
#n
dn
hG Jngo#.PGt
o(r:n
8n
lr
cn"o?
CI}OhF}+{:E&,.O?JIo
8p0hI@
G}e:zOovv?vv.OG vv9vv0hIyO
ovv(6vv7#ovv&t6vvJnIl
/0nvv(rvv2nvvfpvv28nvvLrt
ovv,vv.,kvv(PG#nvvL6G)&vvPvv.f
o
<v5*v?pSvGvOnIm#v<v"pG!0v7pG v9v2P
otpvLnJrkv2Ov.QI#vL0v%o/0-pk
nv1nvPrv?
ovJo
Oovv?vv.OnG vv9vv0hIp,Ovv.GAktvv.f0vvrvvLC
o#vv)G vv$vvVvvEvvmChbvv)^
nvv,rvvLpq
nvv!rvv3m
,Chkvv2G V
60Ip,ChG.QLG V0I(1)@
G}H:Onbv.&v.G!f&ovurv$pv"r;hnQnOnGOv%oEOvLGFv1v"nkv2+vKgG vPv.QIp#vdPpt
rvLp
C&21.Am:BOeh&.MhE1LG+1%n,PtLBOep1.b92.QgC1.G 2SL@
hPtL&.Mp1.b92.QgC1.G 2SL07G <.&21cJG \.k.f@
hPtvvLE1vvLG+vv1vv%p$fG vv(vv2vv.InG&rvv9nvv,nvv:
rE vv1vv-,hnRnvv?nvvLnI
oG vv(vv2vv.qIpGOvv9nvvr
nvvL6Jr
b(Jngo,k,.C1.G$&21.A@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U52vvvv5619VLa@hC#qvv.Ovv(vv7#vv&tvvJIkvv08vv?vv3h/0vv#;vv%G)&vvPvv.f1vv9vvLtvv,vv.,$&vv-;vv2vv:bvv)C#vv1vvLG vv$vv&#vv(vv1vv)bv$vL1v)G vHv\v.HC&v-qvLCG vPv?vJIG v9v2kv2(Ov.QIG v(vEv")bv!v/G v$v(v2vL,kv(vMdhOv?vJ,;v%qqvLC+v.kv2G v?v$vcv7G$GvLikv!v%0vPv?vJ,;v%qqv.d:zEfGu v%0vlvLVbv!v1v(v.G vPv?v.OE/Cf&vvSvv.A,hP vvv1vvEvvYvv.QG vvVvvEvv.1vv7R@(#vv?vv$vv.Ykvv9vv.hihQOvv.Fvv"G vvSvv1vvI#vvEvv$vvJ
U. FG c<1$1),G $?!JG LG1dbSL,1.H:U0IG 9\.Y)@
76www.alukah.net
CIvv}vvO:tvv#&vvv8vvrvv.doE&vv-+vv(vv.cn
Rvv?vvLIl
,hG vvSvv?vvLIo vv,vv.kvvLhY
lkvv,vv"8
nvvrrvvVpvvJ
o
P v?
G$H:&c%,krJ8n
ln
L6Yn#)R?LIG (72o.6Ipk
nLr
b.f:
GyvqnvQrYoG Sv}v9fv+vzv,w:G vv$ovv9nvv$nvv<
8vv"okvv2EOvv$vv.bvv1vv"n1vv)nE1vvLG+vv1vv%nbvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.G vvVvv0I
o
hG vvPvv0eo,h+vvKGG vvlvvLYGovv9pvv%n1vvHvv.8
nvv%p
G$&vv2vv1vv.AphG vv$ovvLrOnvv!vv1vv)nQOvv.dpGu|,O
nvv18vvJphn nvvJpEOvv$vv.bvv1vv"n,1vv"O
nvv1qvvJphn nvvJpBOe,1vv"C
nkrvvYnvv"pG vv$vvHvv!vv.qvv1vv)>
nvv$vv1vvcvv.k
,hCDvv2qvv,vv%E /Gu@
hGyvqnvQrYoG SvQGFv+vzv,w:Gyv}ovAnv}nvD
xv{o
<v{SvQGFv+v{n
vvvv*vgvtv(HnvvvvIvqv+vOpE<vQG$v+v~nfvzv+v%v}v9GyvZv;I
ohGyvTv;eo,h$v(C<v(<v"v,ESvQGFv+v{,hCYrv{
oCn
S
rv=nv9_pv%pv~,hvov{w
C!v=v+v9Fv%v~,|v#G<vv"pvv&p*vvgvvtvv(HpIvvAvv)fvv+vvTvv)G<vv#|vvQ*vv~fvvzvv+vv%vv~GyvvZvv;IhGyvvTvv;e,pvv%vv~|vv#P
oQx*vvv?p
ESvvQGFvv+vv{vvvvhfvv+vvTvv)|vv#PQ*vv?p*vvgvvtvv(Hn|vv#Fpvv%nvv?pG}e,pvv%vv(ESvvQGFvv+vvzvv,|vv#Fvv%vv?
G}e,}!&:CHy&,fz+&GyZ;IhGyT;e.
h vvvv,vvvvKGG/bvvvv9vvvv2vvvv.QvvvvhGuCbvvvv!vvvv%vvvvhQOPtvvvvLEOvvvvLGFvvvv1vvvv"#vvvvcvvvv\vvvv.kvvvv.k
bvvvv!vvvv/E1LG+1%ok2G!07:o3412p(1)@
G$e:UvvvLqMG vvvrvvvLBf1vvv#fGu>vvvcvvv"G vvv(vvv2vvv.Ikvvv2PQ0vvv7tvvv"#vvv)E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%h0vvvcvvvrvvv.Ho,qvvv.d8vvvcvvv. vvv/:o*+,%&’(!"
#$~@{w}|{zyxwv
utsrqponml@|wp(2)@
kv.uh+nv3)1vLG+v1v%ptv0k
#v)EOvEv.bh0vcvrv.H,htv.fP vv1vcvJ
b.O8-#)#u7h1(.AG uc27G $uL#7#dEO$.b1"p@
G}H:C8vvvvcvvvv!vvvv$vvvv.fC#vvvvLGk
?Ef>vvvv$vvvv1vvvvdnC+vvvv"pG vvvvuvvvv9vvvv.Hp0nvvvvcrvvvv9nvvvvLpkvvvv.f1vvvvPvvvv18vvvvJp&vvvv.
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U60.
(2)G c(u2.J:26vvvv27,G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U60.
77www.alukah.net
E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%np,htovvv!6vvv,ovvv%0vvvMbvvv$vvv.fC&vvv-#vvv(vvv,vvv%,kvvv. vvv1vvv,vvv.O0vvvrvvv. vvv.fE&
qvvv-0nvvv,vvv.Ojq,
hG v(vVv.Qi0vcv9v2vLh&v-&nvVrvLG&v1v.
k,h vuv(v,v%1v. vEvrv1vrv7#vHv\v,v.f@kvrvJ&vlv/GuP vvkv2
Ov.QIBdbv$vLGfkvrv.d:ocba34127856;<9:@z{?@=>#$!
"’(%&+,)*/0-@{{.STQRWXUV[\YZ_@|{‘]^CDABGHEFKL@}{p(1)@
8ovv(rvvupvvL
o+vvKgG!0vv.Jobvv!vv/C+vv"G vvuvv9vv.H#vv)G vv1vv,vv.OhG vv(vvVvv.Qi>pvvJnG vv,vv%
1vvSvv#fE1vvLG+vv1vv%np,h8ovv2rvv\pvv"oG&vv9vvPvv.1nvv,vv%E vv1vv-,h8
ovvunvvK
81ovv,ovv%kvv2R
nbrvv%
pCfq
E1vvLG+vv1vv%#(,%(2)@
CIvv}vvO:CjEfq
>vv$vv1vvdG$&vv2vv1vv.ACUvvEvv.HnG vvLOvv./JG vvPvv$vv.h0vv7+ovv%r#vv)C1v(v.Fv-,kvuv1vm0vuv.f+v.8v.1vcv.
k v,v%hqvJho vJhG>v$v1vcv.
k1vcvJ#v.8v-1v$v,v.JhB/a
G P(1)?
G}H:CDP(:@+KGO 1"lb!/tKHGOqb.F,%@
@vv9<vvhG}H:Efq
8vv.Q0vvHnvv,vv% vv%0vv2vvJC#vv(vvKE1vvLG+vv1vv%phE1vvLG+vv1vv%p
vv1vvQC1vv.+vv%,hqvvVqvv9ovv-o vv1vvPvv:qvvV
qvv9nvv,vv%,hnhnbrvvJo
G vv!6vv-p vv- vv1vvQhnb
rvvJGk
vv,vv%,$&vv,vv% v1vPv.Gz1v(v2E1vLG+v1v%yh/z1v(v2EOvEv.by,+v%1v(v.0vcvrv.HCjEOvLGFv1v"p
hUvv!vv9vv,vv%1vv(1vvLG+vv1vv%ptvvVpvv!nvv9pvv,vv%1vv(Ovv$vv.bvv1vv"o!C vv1vvQEOvv$vv.bvv1vv"obvv$qvv.
k
vv1vvcvvrvv.H?C vv1vvQ+vv.Rvvrvv1vvsC1vv1vv-EOvvEvv.b?kvv!vv$vv.PG/0vv?vvcvv!vv.f8vv.Q0vvHvv-8vv.Q0vvHvv.k
,%,#dC&-b%4$11,%?
G}e: vKGDv1v.Io0vcvrv.Hnp#v)Gv0dpG!0v.JphG$Dv.O0v=p/8v9vEvJq
Ko
bvv)Dvv1vv.8vv-Ovv.iE&vv-h vvJkvv2G$QVG vv$vvrvvJqOvv7kvv!vvPvv\vv1vv),h&vvSvv#hRvv36
kvv1vv,vv.,
(1)Bdb$LGf:65vvvv68.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U455.
78www.alukah.net
htvv.&vv:h/O8ovv-oh[vvlvv. vv9ovv-okvv2Dvv1vv.I>vvJ
8gpE1vvLG+vv1vv%np@h8vvMhqLnhC
n&rvv?nvv3
nC1vv(vv.Angh+v.kv2G$QVG v$vrvJqOv7p@hC1v(v.DgG vKtv.QoG;v(v.bvSvLh vJG
k,&vcvLa#v(v,v%&v2v2Gu
0vv.Ovvmp,$&vv-#vvKtvv.Qkvv2G vvrvvLBfhG vvPvv(6vv7,C#vv.COvv$vv.AoG!GvvL0vv)G$DvvJ
bvvSvvL,kvv0&vv?vvMe1vv,vv. vvcvvJehQhO+vv.kvv2CDvv.O0vv=UvvEvv1vvEvv7,h&vv9vv.qvvmkvv2G vvrvv.d1,.,Qe%hQhO+.k2G 1,.O0.Jhk2COl.QG c,JG rJ0%(1)@
htvv.f0vvcvvrvv.Hp#vvrvv1vv$vv.k
#vvdC1vv(vv.Fvv-kvv2zG vv2vvJhytvv$vv.hQOkvv2UvvL0vvF
G rLBf(2)@
qvvvvv.d8vvvvvcvvvvv. vvvvv/:oILKNMPORQTSVUXWZY\[^]‘_"!$#&%(’*),+.-0/2143658@uuvp(3)@
F}+{:h#.t.fO0)0cr.Hp?
G vvv.G vvvJGfptvvv0+ovvv$vvv.kvvv2Uvvv.rJmhGDvvvJ:O0vvv)oG)Ovvv0ep
h+vvv.O0vvv)o>vvv$vvv1vvvdp
G$&21.AphG $oLr
On!1)>
n$1c.k
@
XEvG ?$1d@
hq. :G$e Mh>,.:8lY"hCG2L&.b)O0)G)O0e@
G}H: vvrvvJ>vv.AJB0vv.JoOvv.QIpG vv2vvrvvLIUvvL0vvEvv7k
kvv28nvv2rvvLpFvv7p+vv&/pAG$&vv2vv1vv.Ap
#)8o,r$n7pG 1
n,.O07ChG (7Vr
LG&17,h8o
rn
LqQDr1r7
nO0(p,%C&-G)O0e@
qvvvvvv.d8vvvvvvcvvvvvv. vvvvvv/:oVKLIJOPMNC
DABGHEF~@uxv}|{zyx
wvu@vxvtsrqponml
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG$hd,U455.
(2)G $L>dG P.1s,G ?MAG <.&2,U63vvvv64.
(3)0.Om:100.
79www.alukah.net
kjihgfe@wxvdcba<;:9@?>=43218765,+*)0/.@xxv-$#"!(’&%\[ZY‘_@yxv^]TSRQXWVULKJIP@zxvONMDCBAHGFE~}|{zyxwvutsrqponmlk@{xvp(1)@
G}e:8nvunv!6v$v(v.bv)#v.0v9vcv!vs
o1v(1vLG+v1v%npkv2+vKgG!0v.J,E&v,v.8
ovr8vLQo
CfG)Ovv0e+vv.O0vv)0vvcvvrvv.Hp,G vvKjbvv.Tbvv!vv1vv-,hG vvKj#vv.Jbvv!vv1vv-@kvv,vv28vvHvv2vvL&vv.hUvv1vv9vv-$h/Og1vv. vv$vvEvv.kvv_vv7bvv!vv/[vv.bvv7GuhG)0vv$vv.fG vv?vv.Re1vv-,h8vHv2vL&v.Cf>v$v1vdG$&v2v1v.A#vPv!v$v.f,kv,v. v1vQkvrv]G)Ov0eG vKjC
o[rv!pvs
nbv!v/
QOvvvvv. vvvvv7hO0vvvvv)#vvvvvEvvvvv$vvvvvJ|,hG vvvvvKj&nvvvvvPnvvvvvI
nG vvvvv!
6vvvvv-o1vvvvv-G vvvvvLOvvvvv./JphG vvvvvSvvvvvLGFvvvvvd
n
G P.1r7(2)@
@vvv9<vvvgvvvBG}evvvv;|vvv%vvv9:E&qvvvv$vvvv.0vvvvLGOo1vvvv-G)Ovvvv0e1vvvv. vvvv$vvvvcvvvv(vvvv/G vvvvcvvvv.e,h+vvvv.G HY.YhG/O9P0eu,hEGY.YG!GL0)h8c21J+%u(3)@
G}H:CDvvPvv(vv:p,O0vv)o0vvcvvrvv.Hn+vv.G)Ovv0eoCjoG vvHvvYvv.YohG/Ovv9vvPvv0eo
pv$nv(rv,nv@p
Gu8vcv. v/,G vJ0v)G vKjRvLbv-GuN vPv1vJ&v.E1vLG+v1v%p,h+vKG/0v$v(vdCf8vuv.f vPv1vJ&v.0vcvrv.HpRvL0vcv7
lGv.Uv71v-[v2qvrv,v.bv!v/Ch/Og
hqvv.#vv-,qvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:o!(’&%p(4),hOvv(vvLi+vvKGkvv2qV70.Omp(5)@
(1)G 2rLI:130vvvv136.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U67.(19VLa)@(3)G $L>dG P.1s,U67.
(4)G $.FJI:48.
(5)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U67.
80www.alukah.net
G}e:h+vvvvKG#vvvv.hUqvvvv/1vvvv-Ovvvv1vvvvJo&vvvv.0vvvvcvvvvrvvvv.HopCh/Ongo,hqvvvvJtvvvv.f
DvvL0vvVvv.k
bvv!vv/8vv(vvSpvv,nvv7pC1vv(vv.Fpvv-pbvv!vv/G)Ovv0evvvvG/pO
rvv9pvvPrvv0e vv$vv(vv,nvv@
pGu8vvcvv. vv/vvvv
hEGv2v.Q+v%CfGuqvJGUv\vlv.ghnQpXnv1nv-oO0v(v.
k,htv.f0v.Uv1v,v%1v.)Ov0ehG v<v2v.J
b!1-,hG E1.In1-hG $.Jnb!1-(1)@
Sv9|v,:$>v"P vv&vrv.dkv2CPtv.QG vVv2v.MQXv1v:1v.uQ1qv.k
h1v.)Ov0e
O0(.k
h1P1J&.#E$J|&21.k(2)@
UvvlvvsG vv?vv$vv1vvd vvPvv.#vv2CDvvPvv(vv:CDvvPvv(vv:qvv.dG$H:8vvPvv9vvEvvs>vv.FvvMI
$>"P vC1SLk!v#(2>.FMIPtL&21,.G8lr(.?
kvvLMG vv?vv$vv1vvd1vv$vv.QOqOgOvv.#vv2hQOqOhg>vv$vv1vvcvv.k
#vvcvv-hC&vv,vv:G$etvv0#nvv,vv.1vrv. pv,v.:&vcv%+vKG#v.ChUv/1v-Ov1vJ&v.0vcvrv.HpCh/Ogh+v.bv!v/kvLGT
G vv$vv.J,htvv.fhqvv9vv,vv.#vvd0vv.Ovvmkvv2#vvVvvLChrUvv.+vv%G/ vv9vvMGenDvv9vv/0vv!vv9vvM#vv.G1vvvJ0vvv)G)Ovvv0e,kvvvPvvv# vvv,vvv%:#vvv.Ovvv9vvvcvvv2vvvJhf#vvv)1vvvcvvvJj?C>vvv.1vvv.G:Ovvv(vvvcvvv2vvvJQHq
G vvcvv. vv$vv1vv),hDvvJg,kvv,vv.E svv,vv(vv.,$&vv-E
svv,vvvhE
svv-G$&vv2vv1vv.A#vv)qvv2vv!vvv:>vvJc
E1vvLG+vv1vv%,hbvv$qvvvEOvv$vv.bvv1vv",hhG vvJcEOvvEvv.b,E&vv-E svv-hGDvvJ,/RvvL0vvv vv-,
h&vvEvv) vv-#vvPvv!vv$vv.f:#vvPvv9vvPvv!vv$vv.fu,Gvv.Xvvcvv.fu,OGGvv!vv.fkvv2O0vv)Gu,#vv!vv9vvM#vv.f1vv\vv.bvv7Gu:o0/.p, vvrvvJ>vv.AJ+vvKgG!0vv.J vv!vv1vv,vv.OhG (V.Qi 9<2: ,%Cf
qO1J&.0cr.Hpt.f#P!$.
k@
G}H:+vvv%tvvv.P1vvv.f,$f+vvv&/AG$&vvv2vvv1vvv.A>vvv$vvv1vvvcvvv.k
tvvv.&vvv.G#vvvPvvv!vvv$vvv1vvv)u
8c. /@
N N N N N N
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U68.
(2)+vKGDvJ0v=0vLh0v-G vVvEv.1v2G v?v!v1v"C1v.Ovcv1vJG vHvJQj,QhGgC1v.OGhO,1vLqv%1529,hG (P.F2@
81www.alukah.net
82www.alukah.net
S+xOo!9*(Srp
G$eq:RG!fn
E /qpV6
7pOn18Jp&.0o.O
omnp@
G}Ho:q2"Cf&2JCG rpV6
7n
k!r
(nSr
LnHrR
n1r,.k
#p)nG cn
V1Lp@
G}h:Oo:&E)>.Fc.f@
G}Ho:DvvvPvvv)l@EpPfr
&nvvvrovvv.eoC&vvv.hC#7vvvuvvv%E vvv/G vvv$vvv\vvv2vvvI
p@+vvv28
nvvvVrvvv(vvvd
o nvvvuovvv%o
G S6
\.FpLnG !
6Kp0KI
n,hC&.C
nUr(nd
o u%RLGHG !1$.f@
F}+{:h&E)o#.PG&n
lr
cn"o?
G}H:8n
Pr
9n$r9pc
o.fn
1p,oJo
hApG !q
1"ph#(_LpgpG ?n$1"@
F}+{:EpPn
fr
CQ>o.C
nfr
8n
9n
Ktn
LnC&2CD3
7RLGHnG !1$.ft<1L
nG P7
u6
L@
OnGn"nG$
n1n.Gfp p1
o(r,p1.#.Gt
8lrn
.bn!1-p#nd
nG$h/Op@q.dG$Ho:#.QnCr
0ov?
G}e:1$.PG? n
rn
Jr
bn!p$:
oCn
&6
vn
8n
Kn
Qqbr
:n
1. cn
V1Lp p9ro.dnR
n1r,.k
@
Gp1rvvv9nvvvP
nvvv%nG$n
Hohqvvv.d:#vvv.QnC0ovvvv nvvv.r&
nvvvrovvv.eo1pvvvLpD
rvvv!nvvv7m[
nvvv.0vvv!nvvv7m&
ovvvlvvv.>pvvv/Ao1vvv,vvv.
G$hr/O?
G}e:E /Cn
0r)?
G}H:E /#pVLn#<0
k@
G}e:kuLIl
>n18JI
l,hn
nup)rC
n8n$n(q/Cf8u.f
n1L8067
k@
83www.alukah.net
G}H: $.PG?
G}e:$pn
fq
G v\nvL0vs
nG v2nvLq0qv7n
Ep nv1rv,v.8
nv$ovL7b
nv2rvLnG$o
QrOofq
Dnv1rv=
otv.f
n0vcv1vT
o&v2v27Gu
Rvcv1v3l,;
ov%8
nv(rv9nvrpv"oE v/UvEvLGApOpv1v(v.An,hnQo16v$v.hnU
nv!rv(v.E v1v,v.b
nv2rvLnG v2nvErvLp,k
nv(ovSv.+pvJ
o
G$n
#.tp)nG 928n
Sn
L6
kn
:r
1pPn1rLpO
n18Jp&.#o.O/pk1,.@
G}Ho:G8qvvvvlnvvvvrrvvvv(vvvv.EPG
k@O
nvvvv#1vvvvJCo
#ovvvv(vvvvKo
G vvvvfvvvvJp1pvvvv9nvvvv?
rvvvv,pvvvv1rvvvvMpG$
nhrQGbpG vvvv0R#vvvv7pEf
r
R.AnG !6
-o@
G&rvv9nvv,vv1vv.#pvv)b
nvv$nvv!pvv,pvv$vv.kvv2G vv$nvv\rvv2nvvI
p;ovv%bvv.OGE vv/G vvE
nvvJ0vvrnvv7p@Cn
GnvvKn
tovv"7hGDvvJm
#pvv)nG$n
hr/Op ovvlvv.k
nvv9nvv-ohnt
ovv.r1nvv-o,hnG
t&rvvSnvvfnvv!vv.G1vv. vv\
6vvcvv.ep
hG vvSqvvLGHp@kvv?vv#I
kqvv.dC
nDvv$vvJo:
C&vv.Cbrvv!nvv%oC
nf6
C1vv28nvvcnvv!
6vv"n1vv. vvS
qvvLGHp, pvv9
nvvJr
Govv0E vv/G vv$nvv\
rvv2nvvIp
,Cn
jr pvv9nvvuovv.&vv.1vvcvv1vvJG
k
b(q.,$&6
-o0oln
u8
L1pSn2rA#.,/0oL0J
oCf0oH
r2pLn&.1-@
G}Ho:tn1rm
nbn
Ln
kr
:n?
CIv}vO:Cn
/8nvvcrvv!
nvv%oC
n&qvv2#nvv.r+ovv.Hlkvv2qpvvLGA
nIpG$n
kvvuvv.Qp?+vv"8nvv_ovv(7vv(pvv2U
nvvfvv1vvLGk
?
Cn
nv%r8
nvuov)r#ov(vK
oqv!v1v"
mkv2R0v.QIpUvJ0vrpvv
nG v$nvL0vZ?C
n nv%r0ovY
nv18vlv.c
n1nvcvZ
nG vS6vLGHp?
C&v:nEPG
kenv1rvLo#ovEv9v.L
m v- pv9
nvrov.en1pv(
nvlrvPpvv
nhn8nvVrv(nvcnv-o,hn
nvupv)pG
t86vHnvKr
8nv-oD
ov?6v7k
pv0pt
1rv9pvcv.Op
#ndnC
o#q2@
XnvvEpvvv
nG$
n1nvv.Gfp pvvlpvvLGO
nvv7pGt
1rvv(pvv,pvv$vv.hnP
ntvv.Fpvv-p@;
ovv%qqvv.dG$Ho:+vvKG8
nvvErvv!vv1vv"l
UnvvEvv1vvF
l,hn nvv1rvvQ
nkpvvLGO
nvv7k
h/qpvvLGAnIn
Ckvvuvv.Qm@Dvvrvv.k
tovv(rvv:
oCQ0vvJoCn
fr
Cqvv.dn vv,vv.Rnvv1rvv,vv.
k
OpL806.
k@
G}h:O:#.+.?
G}H:/, n
)rCo
Gr
2pLn
to%r1p-p@+.#ol.>
n#Il
,On
9n
cr
Lpk.&n
,.k2Dp1r(p,.@
Ovvvvuvvvv:nG$h/Oobvvvv!vvvv/#nvvvvY
nvvvvZ
m,k
nvvvv,ovvvv%rq
nvvvvJr
knvvvv,pvvvv$vvvv.GC
nf6
G vvvvuvvvv0enG vvvvPqvvvvL
8j6
0nHo
V7,%,hn
nup)r
n)r0nP
r9n
\1c.GOnkr
dnC
n1p1r,p% p!2
n.rMp
1p-@
G}ew:!ng(OoG6fnEy)spZ?pS+xOp!9*o(So
r
n:Gyw
nQ*~p
Gt<
r#pGywn
Q*~p
.
84www.alukah.net
F}+{:h $.PGqo
!:p:zG uL0%p
G1)pG uL0%p
y?
G}e:bv)C1v2+ovLn0vLInS;qv.d:qv1v"n0v.QOv.dnG v!6v-p!#nv)rC
ntrvLneoG v(v.Sp?
qv.d:zCn
8rvrv.+ov%y@qv. v.G:
nv1rvQ
nbnv)r+vKG&
nvPrv#n
ovv@qv.d:zkv1v.O
ovmo&v2v27G v!
6v-p,G1v)p
&22p
G !6
-p,G1)o&228G !6
-p,G1)pGn!1"pG !
6-py
(1)@
hQhiG vvvv2vvvvHvvvv.QjC0vvvvYvvvv.k
bvvvv)bvvvv2vvvvJGu1vvvv)bvvvv$vvvvL[bvvvv)G vvvv(vvvv2vvvv2|qvvvv.d:
zGywQ*~G<#GywQ*~G<#GywQ*~:*(Sr<#*gt(H<#ESJ9b<#E<QG$+~y(2).
8vv.1vvcvv:pG$e7tvv0#nvv,vv.: nvv.r&
nvv_nvvLr&vv.kvv2G vvrovvLBfpG vvuvvL0vv%
p pvv(nvv9nvvE
nvvLqi#vv.Po
tpvvLn
bnvv)r
qpvvvV6vvv7p+vvvKGG vvv(6vvv2pvvv28G vvvuvvvL0vvv%
p,kvvvPvvv(vvv?vvvJ
og#vvvKtvvv.QG
kkvvv2;vvv0KpO
ovvv.nQm:zG$n
&vvvcvvv.eyhz0vv.Ovvmyhzevv.kpvvLy,E/C
nf6
#vv.8vvKtvvLgOvv.Q8vv.zG$&vvcvv.eyhzevv.kvvLy+vv.8vvrvvL0vvLo
h>v.Op&v2v250nvErv$pv"oG
tOrv%nz0v.O
ovmy@>v.Akv2G vP7v.QIpG$h v/qv. v-8vcv. v/:o.
+,)*7p(3),hhnQnOnkvvvv2G vvvvP7vvvv.QIpG vvvv<vvvv.&vvvv1vvvv7qvvvv. vvvv-
8c. /:o]‘_ZY\p(4)@
hC#vv.Ovv.QIo0vv.Ovvmo
kvv,vv2G vv9vv2GvvV6vvV
nvv,vv.G vv!6vv-oOvv2rvvEvv.&vv-h8vvcvv. vv/ vv!vvEvvJ0vv=
bvv(vv- pvv1ovvcnvvL
8kvv(vv.bvv!vv/qpvvV
6vv7p+vvKGG vv(6vv2vv281pvvSnvvurvv"m
#ovv9nvvuvv.#pvv"m
;h+vv.G vv(6vv2vv27G vv.nDpvv1vvJo
G vvKjPo
tpvvLnJrq
nvvV
6vv9ovv-kvv2Ovv.QImhGDpvvJnIm@kvv?vv$vv1vvd
oG vvL7Oovv"pqpvvVvvV
ovv,vv%#ovv.nRqbvv7l
bvv!vv/CbvvJGOm#ovHrv9nv!pvl
nv7m#pv)nG vP
7v.nQp,hn pv$nvcrvLpknv9pv,v.1pvS
nvuv"
mUvEv1vF
m0nv?pv3
oqvLGAI
obvJOm/1v#S1v-#v)
G P7.nQp,#nV
rEo.1n7
k1p.t
96ln
u7
LphnG 96$c7)p@
hG vv0kpvv:o vv!vv(6vv_
nvvLpkvv2+vvKgpG vvP
7vv.QIp(5)C
n&vv,vv.z#nvvu
8vv16vv7ly,1vvcvvuvvQ#vv.0vv9vv2vv.OnQoE vv/
G$nPr
+.fp@
(1)UE1FG 2H.Qj,1Lq%3353,hUE1F#P!%,1Lq%2378.
(2)CGL>-G 2H.Qj,1Lq%3382.
(3)0.Om:84.
(4)0.Om:24.
(5)O.QI0.Om@
85www.alukah.net
GpOrvvv9nvvvf
ovvvLnHnG$
nhr/Oo+vvvKpgpG vvvu
nvvv!pvvv$nvvv7
nz#nvvvu
8vvv18vvv7y@hn
nvvvuvvv)qOvvv.#vvv2tvvv.fG$
nOrvvvLnY
n
1. Pq
&Gdp:#.PG8n
rr
VpJ0)n1vvvvz#uq
1q7y?
G}ew:DnvvP
nvv)l@Onvv#o
>pvv1rvv2ovvu
ovv%rbvv(rvv,vv.#nvvd
nGt
brvv9pvvrvv.Oj1pvv#
n&6vvuovv%r/1
ovvJ6
hnCn
fr
8vvuvv.&vv.G8nvcnv!
6v$rv9ov$v.+v.kv2G v$vJQO
nv7p!Efq
Oov.QnG vrovLBfphB0v.8pv-p8
nv(rvrnvPpv%oE v/qpvPv$nv1rv)pCOv.Opv1
6v1rv)p:
#nvu8v2qh#nvJn&pv2q@kv. vP
7v.QoG v$vuqv1qv7o
G v9v28v(vMq v:qv2v"G v,v?vLIOv.GA&vM v:kv2#vuv7Ch
ev1vL+v.hOv$v1v:#vuv1qv7&vPv2v7E v/#vuv7,hn+pv2nG vP7v.nQoG v9v20nvfrv!
ov3o
bv!v1v,v.G v$nvrrvVpvJo
G$h6d#pvv)nG vvJ8
0vv),h+vv.8nvv.rDpvv1vvJ
oG vv!
6vv-p8vvcvv. vv/,hEqvv.#nvv7
oG vv2vvLG+vv1vv)pbvv!vv/ho>vv.Opgp
hn+nvvJreoqvv.GbpvvJpG vvS8vvLrcp,hG vvEvv=
7bvv!vv/8
nvv\rvv,vv1vvLpG vvrovv!vv.Hp#pvv)nG vvL6PGFpvv"p,hG vv96vvEvv!
qvv2
1pv$nvuv.QpepG$G
rv0bp@hnG vP
6v.nQoG v$nvJn&pv16v7o
+v2G v$ov2nv18v(nv7o
pv!v96vSrvLp0vd
ph pv!rvlnvLGFpvZphnG vE
ovJhOpvvvv
G vv$nvvrvvVnvvJ
oG vv<vv.&vv2#vv)G vvJ
80vv)pvvvvh+vv2G vv9vv28
nvv(nvvM6 vv:1vvcvvJG vv,vv?vvLIOvv.GAtvv.f&vvMh vv,vv.
k2G $J0(7Chk2e1L+.@hOo$81n:
r#nJn&p1
q7&P27E /G $J0(7(1)@
F}+{:hn p$.PGCn
&r
Mndn
G !6
-o8c. /+KgG Pq.QInk2#nu
67n
?
G}ew: pv1v<v28v:n
1v,v.E0v$v.fn
G vVvEv.1v7p#v)Gv0dG vEvJ0v=pbv)qvJQnIpGu8vcv. v/kv2#nvH
rv!v.qv.8v-,h pv1
ovPnv!
8v2nQnO
ov. nv-oG vE
nv2pv1v3n
bv!v1v-pG vVqv0I
ohG vP
qv0eo,h0ov.GOpv1nv-o1pvP
nv2nv3p#v.0nvl
rvcnv"o1pv-pq
nv.r#ov-o#pv)r8
nvurvKp0rv3
mhGt
8qv,v.e
m1v. v?
ov(v.fpCn
hpG vP8vErvLp,hn pv1
ovPnvL
8jnb
nv(rv-oDovMr&
nv-o
1pvPnv2nv3phnkv.IpR
nhr>nv9pv-pG v$ovH
rv!pvV
nv7pG v$ov&r#pv(nv7pG v$ov&n08vJnIp
nv-oG
nvJ0v?
nv7n
1v(v:pGov.n0rv!pvJ,hnb
nv$8v-pC12[. p3
mG Kjt.f0nJ
rbn$o-ohn0nE
r$p1-p#p)rCnPiq
oLn0rT
m@
S9|,:hn+n"r#.8n:rR
nhr>n
9o-ohnb
n$7-k2b.em
hGDpJm?
vvvvCn
>nv"rhnq
nvJr
Oov$8v2nz1vcv.e
pG vE
ovMrfpy,$f6
G vV6vEv.1nv7
n>v$v1vcv.
kCo
Upv1rv2v.G1v. vE
ovMrfp pln
rr
Jp+p$.@
G}e:h#vv)G vvP7vv.nQpG vv9vv2&
nvvMn nvv:r
kvv2+vvKgG vvlvv9vvLIp,h+vvKGG vv?vv.8G vv$vvuvvLhHp,
Oovv.nQo:G$&vvcvv.e,h0vv.&vvQ,h+vv.O,hE1vvLG+vv1vv%,hG vvEpvv?
rvvL,htvv.&vv:Ovv.QIo0vv.Ovvmn
(1)G vPv2vuv2,G vPv.0vQ,G v2vL1vLj,8v.Q0vIG v9vSvL0vdG)Ov0#v2,W2,O#vSvsvvvvOGQG vcvVv$v.A,
1421+v|2001e,U65vvvv66.
86www.alukah.net
&vv.R vv7k
kvv2+vvKgG vvlvv9vvLI,G vv9vv2GOvv9nvv$nvvL6JrbvvJqIn
Ovv(vv.GJ,1vv,vvJap8vvrvv.0vv7p#vvcrvv(nvv.p06vv.JphbvMGFv%
pG v$vPv!v$v1v),h#v&G&
nvPnv7ph#v.GOv.IpG vLOv.dp|,hn#ov.G>
nv,nv7pCkvuv.QphRov2ov,v.Jp
hE0vvvvKGAGJG vvvvuvvvvlvvvv.Q,htvvvv.&vvvv:+vvvvKgG vvvvP7vvvv.nQo8vvvvrvvvvJ
qeo vvvv!vvvv$vvvvPvvvv!vvvv$vvvv1vvvv)G$#vvvv"nhG vvvvMGOn
hG 1r1)n(1)@
h1pv. v$ov(v.Onv2nv7p,+vKGG v(6v2pv27C0vYv.
k v%0nv9nv(nvM6d
rbnv!nv1rv-ptv9v.HlOv$v.hpjl,CjrE&
6v-oe
nv1rvLo
#ovvunvv!6vvmm1pvv9
nvv2rvv!pvv1rvvgp
RnvvLrY
m>vvJ0vvJm,hn
nvvupvv(
6vv-o&
nvv2pvv240nvvJrbvv.G vv(qvv.Sn#pvv)rGpvv0dtpvv9vv.H
mCo
&vvMpdn
bvv!vv/#nvv)rqnvv2rvv!nvv-o;hG vvuvv9vv.Ho+vv(vv.+vv.U
ovvEovvm
oE1vvLG+vv1vv%nG vv9vv2 vv%0nvvcovvJr vv,vv.h>vv.Ol
Gt
1n.ren@
h/&vJQjtv%tv.fbov$rvLoOv18vJp&v.z0vcvrv.Hnybv(vJ#v.QoRpb
nz1v1v.O
ovmny,htv.f
n
C>vvvvv$vvvvv"n#nvvvvv.r ovvvvv.Omkvvvvv2R#vvvvv.&pvvvvv-pqvvvvv.dQOvvvvv.dGu|:zCfvvvvvavvvvv,*vvvvv(SvvvvvrVvvvvvavvvvvQ
GyvvJvvTvv#y(2),h#vvv.RGdDvvv9vvv/G vvv1vvv.en0ovvvYrvvvLnHoG vvv$nvvv<
nvvv"o1vvv?
nvvv$vvv. pvvv-pG vvvKj8nvvvPnvvv26vvv3
n vvv-1. u<1L#p)nG $Su0JhG $nV.Fp3p@
nvrnvJr
CDv26v-oC1v.gotnv<v1vLG
k,#pv$qv.>
nv!nv3 v-D
nvPnvJn
EpGrv.8pv-phne
nv1rvLn8pv,pv%o,G v9v2G
t&rvrnv!nv2nv:
r
kvv1vv$vv.1nvvcvvJ
oDpvvrrvvJG
khtnvvLG+pvv1
nvv7k
@htvv.&vv:&nvv9pvv1rvv?nvv7
nP vvvC
nfr
On16vvLhG nvv-o#vvuvv1vvJIk pvv1
nvv9nvvHnvv!6vvVvv.G
#(-@
v,vKG&v,v/QnOov.
ov(v.G vuvL0v%oC
nfr
0ovlnvY
8v"nG!1v.Aohn vJG
k#pv)rCh/Op+pv%bv!v/1vrv16v7p
EpGrvv.n8pvv-p,k
nvvrnvvJr
zDnvvJ
6Kn
G vv(7vvcrvv$vv.fo
1vv)o1nvvSvv1vvLmCf
6C1vv.goG
t&rvv\nvv!
nvvsn
1pvv-pE vv/QOvv.dpGu|
0nvErv$pv!
ov-o,kvrv.d
n:0v.QOv.dnG v!
6v-pE&
qv2C
oRrv,pvJ
ocn
C&qv2q
nvJr&
nvEnv!rv:oG v(7vcv$v.f
ntvKGhtvKG,
kvvvrvvv.d:zCvovvv{v
hnynvvvOpc
n!nvvvJnvvvz
rvvvBn?yqvvv.d:/,qvvv.d:zpvvvzVvvv%pvvvO
ri
nvvv+rvvvQjy,;vvv%qvvv.d:
zCyn+rU
n*nToQwcn
Cf*w(!(Gp,Gy=pQx
S
n(GAk?ykr.d:1!/@q.d:zp;EPn
fry(3).
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U76.
(2)QhGgG 2H.Qj1Lq%:7517.h#P!%1Lq%:162.
(3)#vv9vvlvvsbvv!vv1vv-:CGvvL>vv-G vv2vvHvv.Qj,51tvv9vv.HG vv,vv2vv7,121vv.HG vv,vv2vv7 vv!vv. vvJ,1vvLqvv%2586,h#P!%,t9.HG .U.0.hG VJq7,1.H#)&H"1cZh JgOhfO.FL1(1-,1Lq%170.
87www.alukah.net
qvvvVvvv7o
0vvv.Ovvvmn
qvvvVvvv7l
qvvvLB&vvv1vvv7l
#vvv2vvv.Qtvvv7l
,hqvvvJhUnvvvl
nvvv,vvv.G vvv!
6vvv-o1pvvv#&vvv,vvv.C
nDrvvvP
nvvv)o
G vvvvvrnvvvvvVnvvvvvWoKLMNOP~}|{p(1),
h+vv28nvv2vvJC
o1pvvKpt
rvvLpG vvL7Dr0vv.G vv9vv2QB+vv.Ovv18vvJo&vv.0vv.O
ovvmovvvvG vvfovv0eovvvvG vvKj/&
nvvcrvvLpao
8nvvLr8pvv1
rvv2nvv-o1nvv1rvv)nEpG
rvv.n8pvv-p,hG vv9vv2QhG+vv.$p
n1pvv1rvv-p pvv1
ovv&nh8 nvv,vv.
nvv-ootsrqp
onmlkjihgf@yp(2)@
h vuv)C1v.gGv.abnv!nv1v-p,$&
6v-ok
nv,pv%n8v#h0v"n+vKpgpG vLD0v.,k
nv9nv#r
hp0v"G vL7Di#pv)r
On/Fpv"pG v(7v2ov.6Ip@hqvJqv.dQOv.dGu|:zQoDr*v9Gyv}ov||v#pFvRAl|pv#rSpvA
vv?mhnCnQr<nvgv+v#n
F
ovRrAGk
|pv#nGyv"wv=ov(vIpy(3),htv.f
nGnv.rk
ov-&v.>pv$v.
k#pv)rD
nvPnvJpEpG
rv.n8pv-p
nv-o,k
nv,ov.n0nvcrvLpaot
nv%r
0nvvvErvvvPpvvvJ
ogoEpG
rvvv.n8
ovvv-ohn0nvvvfvvv.Qhf
n#pvvv(rvvv-ohnoedcba214
36587:9@zp(4),hkvvvv2Gt
rvvvvEnvvvvrpvvvv1
rvvvvrnvvvv7p
nvvvv%r0nvvvvu
ovvvv)p
G)Grvv.nIo#ovvE
rvv9vv.>pvv1rvv)nO
nvv$vv.Yn+vvKGG vvEovv!
ovv%n pvv1
ovvJn
18vvLhG vv-t
nvv1rvvJG
k@kvvrvvJtvv.&vv.G0ovvL0vvJhf
n
G vv96vvHnvv!7vvW
n#pvv(rvv-o,0ovvL0vvJhf
n#nvv.r8
nvv-ohG
tGrvv9pvvlvv.A
ngo#pvv)nG vv.o>ovv.Op, pvv1
nvvPrvv9nvvcpvv1vvJhGD
ovv36C1pvv1
rvv,pvv%o@oSVUXWZY@|\[^]‘_BADCFEHGJ@}p(5)@
F}+{: n
rn
Jr
t.&.G0ncr
9n
rpJhfn
Cn
f6
C1.+o%0oEp370.O
omnhnC
nG.gok
nrn
]r@
G$e: vvrvvJCOvv.DhG8vvlvvPvv1vvLnG+vv9vv$vv.ep
C1vv1vv,vv%1vv#n
Gnvv.n0rvv,vv%G vvV
6vvfvv1vvLn0rvv)p,Dvv1vv=
Gbvv9vv2vvLhG+vvKGG&vvEpvv1vv.RGk
#vv)G$n
Hp vvVnvvfpvv1vvL
n0rvv-p,h#vvEvv2vv7k
vv,vv$vv.,hE+vv$vv./k
#vv(vv-$1vv(vv.Fvv-G cn
Sn
LnIpG u2.Q,hb
nJn
en#E27m#(- ,%@
UvvvvEvvvv1vvvvFlCf0vvvvcvvvvrvvvv.Hnp0ovvvv2rvvvvJjG+vvvv9vvvv$vvvv.#vvvv.
kCtvvvv<
nvvvvLn1vvvv1vvvv.Ovvvvm
nhCGvvvv1vvvv-, vvEvv.>
nvv9pvv,vv$vv.E vv/P vvv,kvv,vv$vv.Uvvfvv1vvLGf@C#vv.G$1vv(vv.AoG vvuvv2vv.QokvvrvvJtnvv2pvvLhGhR
nvv2qvv.G,
(1)0.Om:3.(2)0.Om:4.(3)CGL>-G 2H.Qj,1Lq%6987,h#P!%,1Lq%2264.
(4)0.Om:5.(5)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U92vvvv93.
88www.alukah.net
h vvvv,vvvvKG/0nvvvvErvvvv9vvvv.>vvvv.fE vvvv/#nvvvvM0vvvvJm#vvvv)G vvvvcvvvv(vvvv.0vvvv7phG vvvvLbvvvv.0vvvv7p,hEv̂vvv,vvvv.QpG vvvv$vvvvEvvvv2vvvv7p
hG/+9$.ep
@
h+vvKg&vv.Dvv1vv7l
E&vvPvv.&vv1vv7l
#vvcvvLhkvv7l
,kvvuvv"7Cn
Hm
vvvvh vv. vv%0nvvuovv)r&vv2vv1vv.
kvvvv0nvv,rvv9nvv%7
1#h/OpgpG Vf.QpCt<Ln,hn0o_
r,pLo ,%#M0JG
k#)G E3
8hG L
8b.07@
h rJq1"n/#LCI:Cj7Ch/OcCD37E 1v?
qvv. vv::G vvVvvfvv1vvLDvv9vv/0nvvurvv2ovvLn@hG vv$vvL0vvZDvv9vv/0nvvS
rvvlvv/,hG vv$vvPvv.kvvLoDvv9vv/
0c.O@
h v.1vEv=G)Gv.IoG v$vPv# v7n
bv!v/+vKGG$Ov.Sp, vHnvLn>v.G1v,vKgG v(v9v1v?v7p,
h $.G86,n$o.GC1.+%,h $.DrJhGb!/CG1,%@
vuv(v,v%GOv9nvPrv!nv$v.G v.nO
rv.nOnv7pG vSv1v\v.fp,hU
nvJ6
qv.G8vcv!v1v!nv-oG vSv1v\v.&v26hnGO
rv9nv!nv$v.G
vv(vvlvvPpvv,vv%G$#vv.QIp1vv. vvPvv.A,kvvuvv.&vv.G&vv$vv.P>vv.k
1nvvSnvvL0vv.
k vv!vvu
nvv1rvvJhG vvEpvvr
rvvJ,hG vv$nvvu
rvvLp
hG vvv9vvv #ovvvLp,hG vvvEnvvvP
nvvvJphOvvv.ApG vvv_6vvv)q,hG
nvvv\nvvv#G vvv(vvv_vvvLphXvvv0dpG vvvE
ovvvurvvv%p
,hG vvvunvvvKHp
hG/kr
9pLGAp@+o%oG 1,.OoG 1.eoE&q
,o%CU.dohC>JGOo1(2EOLGF1"(1)@
h1vvJJG vvJ+vvSvv7bvv!vv/h>vv.gG$h/O!hkvv9vvF>vv$vv1vv"kvv$vv-htvv#&vv-0ovvL0vvJoCf
0oc!8
sn
1S2rAm, u)qG$e8.1c:DJ0<,.:
G}e: vvrvvJtvv.f0vv.Ovvmo0nvv$rvv9nvv!pvvv
o#vv.GUvvlvv.JmCn
trvv<nvvLn,hbvv!vv/#vv.C
nbrvv9nvvrpvvJ
oCn
&6vv,ovv%r
tvv.&vv.G0nvvcrvv9nvvrpvvJhfn
Cn
f6
C1vv.+ovv%Onvv1ovv.Uvv2
nvv-o1pvv. vv(
7vv2ovv.qIp,hnt
nvv#n
&qvv,vv.#pvv$qvv.0ovv$rvvupvv)o8
nvv.GQo;
ovv-@ vv%
0nvcrv!nv$v.GC&
qv,v.#pv(
rvEnv7l
E sv,v1v7,kv. v(7v2ov.6Io/8v#8v21pvP
nvcrv2p
G)p&rvPv.fphn[
nv!nv2pv-p,/1v. vV
6v0Mp
hn/1pvv./pt
>rvv9pvv,vv.Oph/1vv. vv.GOpvv\
nvv7p,h vvuvv)6G vv!6vv-n+vv.G vvKj0nvvH
rvv9vv.Qo#nvv)r0nvvSvv.Ao pvv,vvKpgp
G vvv$nvvv,nvvv$6vvv7ph+vvvKG#vvv.0ovvvrnvvvL8QogoG vvv!6vvv-okvvv2G vvvrovvvLBfpomlkji
hgp(2)@ vvrvvJpGt
bvv9nvvrnvvJhGP vvv$&
qvv,vv%tvv.&vv.G0ovvSvv.+pvvJhf1pvv#
n&rvvlovvPpvv,pvv%#vvJi
(1)0.Om:7vvvv8.
(2)G E@:75.
89www.alukah.net
G/pt
+rv9pv$v.ep
#v)C1v1v,v%1v1v.OvmhG vEvLUbv!v1v-, v,vKGGt
Rrv9nvJ
6env1rv_ov,ov%rbv!v/0v.O
ovm,
hQGDvv.G0ovvlnvvu
8vvLhfkvv2G vv\
6vvL0vvrvv7G vv9vv28ovvHnvv!8vvVovv,ovv%#pvv(
rvv-o,hn8
ovvcpvv1vvJ
oEp nvv1rvv,pvv%D
ovv36C1pvv1
rvv,pvv%@hnqnvvJr
>nvv.An8
rvv,ovv%oG vvlpvvuvvLnI
ooILKNMPO~}|{zyx@~p(1)@
/&nvcv!
nv%o#nv)pG vKjC
nhrDv/E v1v,v%1v,vKgG vlpvuvLIp,+v"+v.hGDpvJ
l#pv(rv,v%?C
ner+ov.n
G vvS6vv1rvv\vv.f
o? vv%0ovvEvvJ
8OpG vvr
ovvLBf
oP vvv,h vvuvv(6vv-oP
ntnvvLkvv1vv$vv.1
nvvcrvvJo
Cfq
hGDvvJGk
#pvv(rvv,vv%hn>
6vv,nvv,ovv% vvvEvvv"
5Cn
krvvvYnvvv"n,EPEf
q#nvvv)r0nvvvrrvvv9ovvv"rCGvvv.gob
nvvv$rvvvJGk
bovvvJ
rhG&vvv.
kknvvv!vvv)0ovvvV
rvvv2pvvvFn
Uvvv. pvvvEvvv.k
bvvv!vvv/G)[v0bp,1v"Ov9v_v"7>vL0v$v9ov-8
ov0Dpvr
ov-kv20nvrrv_
nv9pv-ph#nv(v.#pv-p,h
nOnv9nvu
ov.f
o nvcrv(nv7
kbv!v1v-pE v/
0.ep
G rp1.#n7p,t$.Dn
Jn
Kn
/t
1)pBOenb(J#.qn
9n"nCG.go@+"8
nKr
to
LhfqpV6
9n-o?
CIvvv}vvvO:Cn
>nvvv"r,&
nvvvKr
tovvvLo+vvv.h&vvvKtvvvLC0vvvYvvv.
kCf
6G vvvLOvvv.d|qvvv.dbvvv)+vvvKG
G vvrvv.8pvv"pE&6vv-Ovv1ovv!vvrnvv/bvv!vv1vv-hpR
rQo>
nvvL0vv$nvv9pvv-p,hnCn
hrRGQotovv"
8>vvLGFvv%G vvrvv9vv"G vv9vv28vvEvvV
nvv"o
1n
cJngo,$p
n&6
-o+.G KjChd#)On)qG r9"@
qvv.d|:z:@ovvtrvvAnvv{
o!vvqvvU
lc
ovvzrvv}vv9
kE:vvv9ffvvzvv)G<vv#pBOenG}hdpvpvvq
rvv{l
|vv#On|p%9}!&v9fChd
n|
n#rS
n#vGytnA
r{
ny(2).
G}e:Oohrfn
Cfr
0n(rro
Wn#p)rC
nhrRGQp+p%rR
n2Al@/8(Q+KG@
F}+{:C>"r@+KGUE1Fl@
S9|,:h#.+.G En"7G KjG
tqr
9n
Ln
Dn-oCDJ
o+%?
G}e: nvrnvJr&
nvVnvE
nv,ov%rCn
fr
0nvL#ov.G0v.Ovmkv2G v2pv,rvLp,
nvcnv!
6v-0nvE
rv_v/1pv$nv)r0ovHnv!8vVov-o
hn0nvvvvvv#r
GovvvvvvKogo@owvutsrqponmlkjih@uvp(3)@{on}:q
nvcrvLoG v2v,vLpG v9v2 v%8
ov\rv.n,
(1)0.Om:9.(2)UvEv1vF#vPv!v%,tv9v.HG vrvPv.#v7hG v$vEv.Q1v1v)hG vrvVv.UhG vJ0v.J,1v.H1v1v.fE;v%#v)Ov)
G r9",1Lq%7677.
(3)0.Om:10.
90www.alukah.net
h %8o
2r)n1. Ep?.QI@he
n1.17
oG S2Ap:COl
n!o
-ohqn
cr
Logo@
hG v?ov3
7:G v2pv,rvLoG v$vEvlv.QnIokv2G$QV,hO
ov$8v2nz>ov2qv.
ky$&v,v.#v#Gv.PI#v)
zG ?o
38
yh+.G rn\r
do@D
n1r=o
8o
Eln
LoG$QVo,h8
orr
\n
do
qp\n
c.k
,h8o
Sn
s7
Rn
rq
.k
@
Ef6
env1nv.1nv7
nG v?
ov38
G v9v2G8qvlvrov.Gbv!v/Ep vrv.Ap0v.Oovm
nkv1v,v.+v2q
nvcrvLo8v!vvG v2pv,
rvLpG $o_
r!p$n7pG 2c1JI(1)@
F}+{:G Pq1q.QI,hn+n"r8
nPr
9n
\1doG P
61q.QIoCn
fr
8n!r
9n
rp]nC
nDn
JGk
?
CIvv}vvO:/,Ef6
+vvKpg nvvlrvv_nvv7l
#nvv?vv.Rp06vv78ovvPnvv$qvv/#nvv?vv.RG
k#ovvLrO
nvv0k
,EP nvv%r0nvvu
ovv)r
kv2P vvG v.nqrv:pOv1qv.QGJ,G v9v2&
nvcrvLpk
ov,v.G v1v.en@hG v$nvrrvVv.Oo1v,v.G vrv.kv!v7
oG v$ovPv.kpvL
nIo
G vv9vv28nvvPvv1rvvLokvv2G$QrVp#pvv)1
nvv!vvJmE vv/1nvv!vvJm,h8
nvv9nvvu
nvv.6f
o#vv)#nvv?
rvv$vv.bvv7m#vv)G vvL8>vv.dpG $P.kL0)nG K0)0nL
rt2.f
nb!/OnhG1
8,%@
Svvvvv9|vvvvv,: nvvvvvv.pG
tkrvvvvvv9nvvvvvvLXvvvvvv(vvvvvv.Cf
6hGDpvvvvvvJI
k#pvvvvvv)r+vvvvvvKpgpG vvvvvvrnvvvvvv.Gkpvvvvvv"pG
t vvvvvv9nvvvvvvrnvvvvvv\
nvvvvvv:r
z0vv.Oovvm
nyp,hnCn
GrvvLn>
nvv9rvv-o#pvv)nG vv2pvv,rvvLp,k
nvv,ovv.nO
nvv1nvvcvv.OE vv/Cn
1vv1vv-pDnvv9rvv$vv.
k,k
nvvunvv1rvvm
n
0n9nHn!
6Wo#p(
r-oEpGr.8o-ohn0nL
r8.D.G?
G}ew:kvvv28pvvv!vvvvn
G$n
0qvvv.ep
tvvv.&vvv:8pvvv?vvv.QnIo
G vvvL6qpvvv1vvvspQnGFpvvv?nvvv7
khn#ovvv(rvvv9nvvvSpvvvL
nIk
1pvvvSnvvvurvvv"m
hGOpvvdm
,hnG vvLqqpvv1vvso+ovv%oG vvcnvv2vv1vvJoG vvK0vv)n0nvvS
rvv9nvvLp0rvv,pvv%oG$
nervv(pvv1vv.Aok
nvv1ovvV
rvv2pvvEvv.fn
#ovv!rvvuvv.
k nvv,ovv%r@
KG,kn
rn
JpGt
kr
9n
LnVnG)pG
r.nIoCn
f6
0.Oo
mn
On.ran0n?pJ
o#n)r0oHn!
8Vo-ohn0n2p1c
o-o@
S9|,:h#.PGDn
Jn
Kn
?
G}e:P+v2ov.GE v/Cn
1v1v,pv%,h[nv!nv2v.G#v(v-Cf0nvP
rv$nvFn v,v%1v U
rv\pvEv.Hp0v.Oovm
n,
pvv1nvv!rvvcnvv3
n#nvvcnvv,ovv%,htvv.&vv.G0ovv_rvv,pvvLhfG vvS
6vvlnvvrnvv7n
vvvvG vvuvv.P1vv7vvvvbvv!vv/G vvfvv0e,G vvKj0nvv?rvvcnvv!
ovv-o
Cn
1vv.gE vv/>vv.&pvv2pvv-,hn0nvv$rvv(nvvcovv-o#vv)G vvHovvLhL pvvSpvvJ
6IpG
nvv.rkpvv-pbvv!vv1vv-,kvv#>vv.1nvv,ovv%C1vv.+vv%C
n&6vv-o
0vHv.aobv!v/Gt
1rv(pv-p#v)G vY
6v1v.Y
p,knv\nv$v#
r&v.gC&
6v,v%O
nv1nv(rv9nv2pv,v.f nv-o,hO
nv1nvuv.&v.fn
#ov,rv9nv$8v1v)n
1pv-p>pvJGk
,hDvL0vVv1v)bv!v/Dv$v.0nv9pv-@qv.dE&v2CGv.aCf8nv(rvPnv.rgoEPG1
nvJnCr
8ov%1v. vP
8v2v.bp
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U95.
91www.alukah.net
kvv1vv#tvv!nvv-oG vvK
8Frvv3o@kvv.
tDrvv9nvv?
qvv.Gbvv!vv/+vvKGG vvuvv0ehqvv. vv.G:ogfedcba3412@vv7856;<9:
@wv?@=>#$!"’(%&+
@xv,)*/0-.ST@yvp(1),htvvvvvvLqQhG
Q>vv.An+vv%Dvv9vv/&nvv?nvvEvv.Gkvv2Epq
rvv(vv.YC
n1pvv1rvv,vv%@k
nvv#n
GnvvKn
hGCn
Gvv.+ovv%E vv/G vvP6vv,vv",h+vv%
0ovv_rvv,pvvLhfG vvP
6vvcvv.OnIn1vv.t
&vv\pvv0ADpvv1vv!nvv9pvv,pvv%rbvv!vv/C1pvv1
rvv,vv%@h vv$6vv.hnUnvv!vv.GG vv2vv,vvLnG vv9vv2bvv!vv/
[L0spG $P.kL0)C r
ro.G0.Omk1,.,h8
nLn
t.ghnD1JGk
,he.OnQohGG $u.f@
Sv9|v,:#vPvuv1v)z0v.Ovmoy,C+vuvKG0ov&rPjG)pGv.Io1
nvcrvYnv,v%!
nvrnvJr
Onv26v2ov.G
nv-o
G Hn.ranG S
6J0Jn
!!
G}e:C8nvvcrvv9nvvrpvvJo
Cn
f6
G vv!6vv-nOvv2vvEvv.&vv-h8vvcvv. vv/0nvvP
rvv$nvvFo pvv!
rvvHnvv.raphG vvl
nvvMnY
pCn
fr
0nvvfrvvMohnGqnv!rv3n
bnv2rvJpgpG v$ov&r#pv)p! vrvJqv.d8vcv. v/kv2tv9v.1pv-pG vuvL0v%
p:oponm
lkjihgf@v{p(2)@hqvvv.dC0vvvYvvv.k
kvvv2Oovvv.QIp
G$Dvvvvvvrvvvvvv.ap:oHGBADCNMPOJIL@xvp(3),ChDvv/GuNE vv1vv-pC
n&6vv-oO
nvv1ovv(rvvrpvvKogohn0ovvcnvv!
8vv$ovv-o8
nvv#r
hp0vv"nG$n
Drvv0e
p,
hnOnv1ovE
nvr8vso
nv-oD
ov!ov$nv-oG vKjtv.f
nG vP
6v2nv3nG v$ov2v.RpvL
n pv!rv$ovS
rvupv!
nv7phO
nv1ovHrv2pvLo+ov%1v$v.kvcnv!
nv.g
1vv-,qvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:oQRWXUV[\YZ_
‘]^CDA@zvp(4)@
S9|,:h#.PGkn
cn"nEG
r.n8o-oG $?Lp#.f
n?
G}e:^nv!qv.Gkv2G vP
6v,rv"p0nv!rvcnv2v.f
n1pv.t
&rv9pv_v.QpD
ov!v.dpG v!6v1v"p pv1
ovHrv2pvLohGC
n1v.+v%1v$v.
>Li@hn n
\6
H.Gq$1Wn0.Om1pJ
nem
tn
KpH@
(1)0.Om:11vvvv14.
O q
.g:C&M .g@(2)G M
q#L:61.
(3)G$Dr.a:13.
(4)0.Om:15.
92www.alukah.net
F}+{:h $.PGGt
&9n_n
LhGG !1"n?
G}e:Dvv9qvv//0nvv9nvv$nvvu6vv)nC
n1vv.+ovv%#pvv)r#ovv0D
nvv_nvv7pG vvu
nvvKpHpG vvKjO
nvv1nvv_rvv,nvvLokvv2
#nv0#pvFp
ho>v.+pv,pv%rhn&nv_nvLGJpb
ov1v.&pv,v%,h+vKG#v.0ovPnv$6v/1vcpv!
rv%p
G vlpvLGOv7,h+v.#v)O$.JG (72o.qI@
CI}O:bp!r
%oG lpLGOn
7p?
G}e:+v.E v,v.el#pv)G v!6v-p0nvrrvKpk
ov-okv2qv!v.Hpbpv2v.OpgpG vV
qv. vEv1v),knv1nv9nv$nvu
6v(v.f
n1pv-p
#p)rG (6_n
Lp#ncr
Lpkn
7n
G 2.[p)p#p)nG (6_n
LpE /G _q
.+pLp@
S9|,:h#.bn
0qn
7o
zbp!%G lpLGOn
7py1p$n?2AG$hr/OpE /Cn
1p1r,p% 10
k?
G}e: nvv%r8
nvvuovv)pG vv$nvvVvv.1pvv1
rvvFoG vvu
nvv,rvvLn1vv.Fpvv1
6vv7o
#nvvcrvvLhknvv7k
kvv28vv!vvvG$0qvv.ep
,kvvuvv.&vv.G0nvvcrvv9nvv$vvJhfkvv2G)p&vv.Q
nIpbvv!vv/G vvP7vvLoL
phG vvl
nvv9vv.Fpvv"(1),he
nvv1rvvLp+vv.#vv)G vv.nOvv.Fpvv"pG vv9vv2/
8ovv(pvv1rvvLo1vvSvvuvv"hGXpvvF
m, pvv,vvKG/0nvvP
rvv9nvv\vv1vvdoCDvvJ
lCn
fr
0nvv9nvv2nvv16vv)nG$n
Rrvv1vv.An1pvvS
nvvurvv"m
>nvv18vvJm,
h/Op1q$.EPGt.f+KGG S6
Hr
Wo
e.Xp2.k
Cn
hrG.Fpl.k
@
F}+{:0. n
,o%r#p)rCnPr
tp1.A!
G}e:hn nvvupvv(
6vv,ovv% pvv%
nOnvvmpC
nbrvv$nvv!vv.GP
ntvv.An+ovv%kvv2G vvS
6vvL8
,htvv.fhG>pvv2vv.k
bvv!vv1vv,pvv%r
8nv.r>pv1v,
ov-oE v/&v.Dpv1nv7G vH
nv1rvLp,hn&
nvPov.GCf
qG v!
6v-n0ov!
rv,pv%o&
nv2pv1
6v-o,hn0ovHrv2pvLogo1pvE
nvrv.FpvsG$o
#v.Qp n
1r0k
hn&n
,.QGk
@
S9|,:h#.PGq. .G$11,p%?
G}e:tnvvvK1vvv.Gbvvv!vvv1vvv-p,hqvvv. vvv.G vvv-h+ovvv%r0nvvv2rvvvuvvv.f
nEpf
6CGvvv.+ovvv%0vvv.O
ovvvmnC
ntnvvv!nvvv-o
G vK8Frv3o,hn
nv$qv. v%0nvuv)rC1v.+v%#ovVvJ
8qv.k
v,v%Cn
DrvY
nvLhG#nvcnv,ov%r#v.0ov<
rv2pv:
otnv0#nv,v%,
qnvvv$vvv1vvvW
n0vvv.OvvvmnG vvv$ovvv!vvv.6K
n1pvvvJn#pvvv-,hCv̂vv,vvvLhGG vvvrvvv$vvv1vvvW
nhnCn
QnhrgoE0qvvv.go@Cn
GnvvvKn
G$n
Ho
G vvrnvv$vv1vvWnhnb
nvv!pvv%Cn
f6
Cn
1rvv(vv.Angotvv.Pp1vv.f
n,hC&
qvv,vv%q
nvvJr
BPn
hrGCGvv.+ovv%,kvvrvv.d:{j
(1)G l9.F":>$dk91",hG P7
LL:>$dOLGL&.YqJ0%#)G $V.11F@G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U103.
93www.alukah.net
i}@hqvvJhnUnvvm
nG vvrovvLBfo
G vvuvvL0vv%+vvKGG vv$nvv.qpvvmnhnU
rvvlvv.k
Onqpvv1vvrvv.k
,#ovvcnvv28vvLGk
bnvv)p
G vEv. v7pG v(6vlrvPpv1
6v7p v%n
1rv(v.ApG vuv.P1v1v)nhDv. v7pG$
nHpG v$ovE
rv9nvPpv3pG vVqv.1pvLpoBG
HE@{vFKLIJOPMN
~}|{zyxwv@|vuts
rqponmlkjihgfe
d@}vp(1),qvv. vv.G:0vv.C1vv.&vv.,8nvvLnt
rvv(vv.G vvfvv(nvv%nhG vv$vv.Rvv1vv7
n8nvvLrbvv/,hC
nQnOr&vv.Cf
&vv!vvcnvv3nh&vv$vvLnMnh&vvLt
ovvZ
n@knvv?nvv$nvvcrvv(vv.#vv9vv.b
nvv(vv.hCevvLGXnvv(vv.hCRvv1vv.An&vv.,hhXvvcvv(vv.+vv.,
h$fq
CGvv.&vv.0vv.Ovvmn
Uvvfvv1vvLl/0vvrvvJpQo
bvv!vv/G vv?nvvLrj
phG vvL6t
rvvZp,h#vv9vv.1nvvcnvv9pvv(vv.kvv2
G P8
2.bp,krJ8Ltr(.gob(J#9.bp(.,hC>
r!r
Pr(.go+o(.c@
h vvv$6vvv.P+nvvv2rvvv(vvv.&vvv9vvvPvvv.1vvvso,hqvvv\
nvvvcrvvv(vvv.kvvv2G vvvP8vvv2vvv.bR
nvvv.r[vvv.
k1nvvvcvvv1vvvJG
k,>vvv.APFvvv3
l
#ovvvlrvvv9nvvvLSl,kvvv.&
rvvvlnvvvLnOn1vvv1vvv.Ovvvm
nhGkrvvv9vvvLO
nvvv-hCtvvv!vvv-,hkvvv.>vvv,vvv(vvv.&vvvEvvv)1vvvK vvvv,hCQO&vvv.8vvHvv!vv1vvV
nvv-ohE&vvrvv.Png, vvuvv)G vvKFvv3
ntvv.fCOvv2vvs
n#pvv(qvv.E vv1vv-,kvv!vv%&vv?vvJ#vv)0vv.OvvmE/
qvv$vv1vvVnvv-,hbvv!vv1vv-B;vv.QoG vvJ#vv.A,kvv#8vv1vv(vv.c0vv.C1vv.&vv.1vv,vvKGG vvrvv$vv1vvW:out
srqp@
vrvJtv.f8nv2rvL0vLo+ov%#nvLrkv.Xv.
k,hDv1v!v9ov,v%#nvu
rvSv.kv7
k,htvKp1
ov,ov%hGXpvEv.k
,kv!v%0oEr
Pp(.GG u0enhG 92L0L!!
DnvK
6Qn+v%C1v.+v%kv2G vV
6v2v.Mp
#v)Ctv"G vKFv3 v-,kv.Oqbov.Gkv2G v$vPv.ACf
G vvKFvv3n
qvvJCn
tnvv!nvv-! vv$vv.PG vv%0ovvH
rvv2vvLhgtvvK1nvv7
kCGvvLi?qvvJ8vvuvv.f
oCObvv/ vv!vvrnvv2vv.dpbvv(rvvJn
C11,%hC+!p,%?
8vvPvvL6YnG vvrvv.reokvv2GQ8vvuvv.Hp>nvvL0vv$vv9pvv,vv%,h8vvPvvLqbvv.Gkvv2tvv0#pvv,vv%hGO
8bvv.Fpvv,vv%,
h8vvPvvLqbvv.Gkvv2G8qvv,vv.ep
G vvKFvv3,h8vvPvvLqbvv.Gkvv2EDvvYvv.Qqvv$vv1vvVvv-,1vvcvvJCf8vvPvvL6bvv.Gk28!\1H-1J#.ACGLi,e1LO#.A0.Om!
outsrqp@hqvvvvvvJhoUpvvvvvvmnG vvvvvvJ6eokvvvvvv2G!0vvvvvv71vvvvvv#&vvvvvv-
(1)0.Om:16vvvv18.
94www.alukah.net
tnvvKpH,$f+vvKGG vvJ6enbvv!vv/G vvrvv$vv1vvWevv1vvLoDvvrvv1vvrvv25,kvv,vv. vv1vvQOen0vv.Ovvm,
hE&$.Pn
eP11Fm
BGL,h+.0nur
Spmo
tKHnG $9 #L0)@
h vcv"qG vrv$v1vWnG vKjCDvY
nvLhg,tv.fOv!v1v$v.
kev1vL#ov$nvM6bm,h vcv"68
nv!rv\v1vH
nv-o
1vJ#v.AG vK1v1vEv7ptv.f#ov9nvPvLqbv.k
env1rvLo#ov9rvrnv)
m,h
nvcnv"qC1v.+v%/D
nvan
tov"6+vKG,kv.q
nvmn
b!/tn
Kp1p,%k2t0#p,p%hk28n
2r
Lp0Lp+%hk2kpcr!p,%@
hqvJCOrQntv.GCfDv1v!nv9nv,v% v%8
nv(rv\nv"nbv!v/C1v1v,v%,kv.O
rv9nvJr
Qntv.Gqv.Fv!v1v):o|
{zyxwvp,E&vv(vv.&vvcvv!vv%C&vvv/8ovvVnvvJ
8qovv(vv.kvv2tvv0#vv(vv.,
hC&vv/8nv\rv$nv,pv)7 v$v.&vrv.do,h/8
nv<pvso
1v-,E&vv8ovunvK8
1ov(v.hn8
nv9nv,pv$ov(v.,h vuv)+vKG#v.
bp(rJ&.(1)!!
Fv}v+v{:hntnvv1rvvm
nbnvv!pvv%nG$
nHoC
nfq
Cn
1rvv(vv.Angotvv.Pp1vv.f
n?C
n nvv%r0nvvu
ovv)pG vvrvv$vv1vvW
o#ovv!nvv.6;vv.
k
1v. vJ6ep
?h+v"+v(v.cn
knvLrb
l1nv1rv)nOne
pG)&
rvPv.fphnOne
pG vK
8Frv3p#pv)rD
nv1rv=o
G v!qv.rf
o?C
ner+nv"p
Gt
Or
9n
\.Yn
Cn
fr
0nLiho>.+n,o%r1. L6
er
%p
#p)nG Y6.ApG H.k:?
G}e:0nv2rvJhCn
&6vvn
Cn
Urv2nvE
rv:n
8ov?pv1vJ
oG v$ovrv.Qn&
nv7n
hG v96vEv!v1v"nhG/pt
Orv9pv(
rv9v.Ln,h vuv(qvv
%On
mp n
%r8n
Vp"rE /G ?.GHpG V6
E1Fp
@
Svv9|vv,:G vvrnvv$vv1vvWo
nvv%r0nvvu
ovv)r#ovv!
nvv.q;vv.
k1vv. vv9vvLGHphG vv.nD
rvv"tvv$vv.0ovv9nvv.nq6vvd,k
nvv!nvv.Cf
6
G vKFv3n+nv?
nv%nbv!v/0v.Oovm
n, nvl6vLq#pv)rC
n#v.#pv-phnhnq
nvdbv!v/G$QVp#pv)rk
nvLrWpG
nv.rkpv-p
hGt
Qr8p2.tp-p,1n"rt.f
n#o!n
.6;.k
kr]1. J6
ep
?!
G}e:Cn
0Y.k
8n
Er!1"l#o$rup)l,hn u)6G J
6enq
nJr0oH
rlp2
n.rfn
G 97LGHp@
CIv}vO:Cn
&v.bvLkv:!G vrnv$v1vWo v%0vuv)#ov$nvM6qv.
k,
nvrnvJr
tv.fOnv!pv1v$v.
k,k
nv,nv"r#pv)n
G $o$rup)pCn
fr
0n#r
to"nG K
8Fr3o0.O
omnOohrf
nCn
fr
0o$nMqbn
qn
$1Vn-Chq/
k!?
G}e:Cn
DrvP
nv(rv:n@+vKG+v.G v?
nv.GHo@h#v)+v(v.bnv!pv%nG$HoCf
60v.O
ovmn
qnvJr
(1)CGvvL>vv-C1vv.OGhOkvv2Ovv(vv(vv-kvv2tvv9vv.HG vv?vv$vvcvv7,G vv2vv.H1,hkvv2tvv9vv.HG vvJbvv.A,G vv2vv.H
4,hCGL>-G)#.eCD$Jk2#P(Jg4|8.
95www.alukah.net
Gn!n
d;p1.1n-o pf
nLnV
m#.,hn
n1rQn
$pn
&6
-t.f+.Qp1.k
#p)nG K6Fr3p@
S9|,:+KGUE1Fl,k
nun
1rmn
n%r0n(r9n2p,.G p!
rrn$1Wphn0o$nM
8q.go?
CIvv}vvO:Cn
nvv%r8
nvvPrvv$nvvd
pG vvrvv.bpvvJ
nIn
G qvv9vv20nvv9qvv2pvvc
ovv,vv.Qp>vv.do
G vvS7vvLr[
nvv7pbvv(vvJ#vv.0ovvEnvvr
8vvrovv.f
n
kvv2>nvvLp0vv$vv7pq
nvv9rvv"
m?Ep&
6vv,ovv%r0vvrvv. vv.f:
nvv1rvvQ
n+ovv(vv.c>nvvLp0vv$nvv7
ltvv.#pvv!
nvv7l
,Cn
jrEf6
G vv$ovv?rvvLpe
n
#vv,vv$vv.tvv.fPn
tpvv1qvv.k
kvv01vvJ6
nvv-o#pvv)rC
nfr
0nvv(rvvPvv/Rnvv1rvv,vv.
kCn
hr0ovvHrvv\pvv/An1pvvu
nvv!pvv$nvv7mC
nhr8
nvvVnvvL7am,
kn
1nuo
.fn
+KGOn 10k
XpJ6goh0nr
rY2b
n!n
1r-p@
S9|,: n
rn
Jr
kn
,p$r:o@hn
nup)r#n.PGD
nJn
Kn p1.O
omn?
G}e:tv$v.Gnv\6v]EpG
rv.n8ov-o,k
nvrnvJr#nvL6Jr1v-qv.kpv!v7
lB8pv1nv7l
#pv)r#nvuv.fm1nvcv1vJmC
nUv.1nv,v.
G v96vcnv3o
knv9nv.nq
6vlnv:r
1pvrovLrHpG v2pv,
rvLp, pv9nvErv_v/1pv2
nvcrvZpG vLqGDnv7phG v\
qvcv.ep
hG v$v.ApG vKj&nvlnvJn
#pvv(rvv,ovv%r,k
nvv#n
QrOnvv!ovv.GhnGQpO
n+ovv%(1) pvv1nvv$rvv%
nG vvJ6 vv.n@C
nOr nvv/G vvL6>
ovv"oOn rvv.ngohn&
nvv_nvvLnkvv2G vv2pvv,
rvvLp,
h vuv(6v-o#v. nv2pv=
nCn
fr
UnvLnN
nknvLnDv.
khn+nv!
qv"n,k
nv,nvLnYnEp
nv1rv-pQpkv.q
ov-o0vPv# v.&
nv-obv$v.1pv-kvrv.d:
o876p(2)@tn
<o
LnG !
6fn
]o(3)
1n1r(n,o%r:e
o0el!e0el!
Cn
GrvLn>
nv-o@knv#n
GrvLn>
ov.gohGt
Drv9nvl
nv!v.G1pv-p@
nv%r0nvP
rv# v.go#nv)r+ov.n,h/#v.G vKjCn
8nv/
1pvv-pE vv/G vv2pvv,rvvLp,h/#pvv)rC0rvv)n>vv.A,C
nhr1vv.$
nDrvvLiG vvrvvLBf
oG vvuvvL0vv%o vv%0nvvK
rtovvLrR
nvv1rvv,vv.
k
#p)+KG,kn
rn
]rP
ntn
LnC
n&6
,o%oGt
r
9n
rn
\o.go#p)nG 2p,
rLphnC
nOn
L7hg(4)1pY.b
n7k
@
S9|,:h#.#c(/COn
L7hgo1Y.b7
k!
G}e:+vKG0vcv(v2Cn
&qv,ov%rhnX
nvcv.go1
nv1rv)nDv.>pv1qv.8pv,pv%rOpvL
qGk
,bv!v/C&v-#pv)rXpv$rv)pG vv2pvvYvv.b
nvv7pG vv$ovvcnvvJ6Ip pvv!rvv2nvv1rvvd
p,hn+nvvKG0nvv9nvv\
nvv!qvv3o
bnvvJn
en#ovvurvv<pvv,pvv%rkvv2#nvvuvv.&pvv,pvv%r+vvKG[
nvv.0vv0k
,
Dv9qv//0v#r
8v2#nv)r0nv2rvEnv=
obnv(rv-ok
nv1nvH
rvPnvLhgo@kvK
n+nv2v.G#ov2v.R
nvLnIk
E v/1pv0Op#pvVrvLn,G v9v2
8o
?.hpQo
1p0OnG Sq
.ep
,#o2.Rn
LnIk
b!/G Eo
JhOp#ndn
kp!n
Pr
\p1)n@
(1)G .GQO:G SHWG Kj0LOb!/G $.A 1SLHCh0P9Pr/@(2)0.Om:19.
(3)G !f]:G V.JhG ?n!n
27,G Y?1@@(4)COLhg:hXc.gOLG
khCGl
n.gt2/0LGg#c,%CDJ@
96www.alukah.net
Onvu
nv9nv:pG$
oe7q
nv!v1v0
khntnv#&qv,v.8
ovlnvu
8vLo1pvS
nv2rAm;
ov%6qv. v:
r:qpvVqv7
oOv18vJp&v.0v.O
ovmn#v.
RG nv:r
[nv.p0v!
nv7k
,Cn
brv9nvrpvJ
oCn
&qv-o0nvu
rvlv2G v1nv.ren#v.PtvL&v.g#pv(v,v.,hn&
ov9v.1pvd
oenvJGk
EfRv.AnGu@k#&.C
oDpQq
12cZpG 96cn
3p,hCo
Qp0JG)pGr
0On p!(6.re
p,bP/C
nfr
Cn
>pJn
G LqGD
n7n
@
RnvvcnvvLnG$h/Oo1vv. vvrnvv!
nvvspbvv!vv/C
o#8vv,pvv%r,E/
qCf
6Cn
1vv.+ovv%[nvv$rvv#
n&nvv,ovv%r,#ovvcnvv!
8vv0
k8nvvcnvv2nvv,vv.
1pun
<r
LnIpG c
n$n"pk2G 2n1r:p,hq.d:/1#Sn,kn
!r
(nKr
+n3rE /G (6.re
p@
N N N N N N
97www.alukah.net
98www.alukah.net
sZ?Qs~(12)!=,qGyz
v&p*(Srp
+nvvv?nvvvd
n(1)G$n
hr/OoOohfn
Cfr
0ovvvEpvvvPqvvv.G1vvv. vvv(7vvvcvvv.Sp@hn#nvvvd
nCn
fq
G vvv!vvv1vvv!vvv7n
tvvv.&vvv:
Uvv.kpvv1nvv7k
,hn&ovv?vv.eoG vvP
6vv$vv.Ap8nvv!vv$vvd
oh8ovvfvvLjG vv(qvv.Sn1vv. vvP
6vv,nvvL,hG vvrnvv$nvvL0ovv.Dvv21pvv#n
Drvv!vv/
G vS8vcrvLp,hG v(vPv1v%oG vcv!v1v"o0ov(rvcpvT
oG vrov!v.HnhG$>vPv.en;+nv?nvcv.G$p
n&v,v% v%0nvcv.OhG
QGevv2vv1vv)1vv. vvP6vv,nvvL, vv% vv%
pG vvKjCUvv.HC
o#6vv,vv%hG
tXrvv\nvvL6+vv. pvv!vvK
6+vv.HpE vv/e
ovvLk
nvv9pvv,vv.@
C#qvv.G$HoknvvrvvJ
rOnGnvv"G vv$vv\vv2vvI
n,0ovvE
nvvY8vvL#nvvSvvLh1vv.
kOvv.Gvv(vv.
k, pvvM
nhr>nvv9vv-8vvSvvL1ovv-1
nvvcvvJn
G J6
hGAG $oPn
u8
)p %n
n
%@
&vv.#vv.G,h vvuvv)6&nvv.r#nvv,ovv%tvv.fq
nvv!pvvrvv.
k#ovv9nvv.8
8vvLGk
!hntnvv1rvvm0vv(vv.#vv.f
nhCo
#7vv,vv%8nvv9nvv#n
6vv%o?
[v.dG v!qv1v"o,Dv9v/^
nv(qv.GC
nfr
nv1rvQ
n nv-o&pv,v.0
nv7;kv9vKt6vLnzC
nDrv$nvJoyqv.dnG vSv.bvLpG
t#vLpiAp
G vvrnvv1rvvQkvv2#ovvcnvv!6vvrvv9pvv-p
(2),G vv9vv2OnQnS1nvvcvvZ
nC1vv1vv.8pvv,vv.#nvvdn
1nvvcrvvZpQpkvv.qpvv-pkvv2G vv$nvvLrDvv!vv7p
G <q
.&.p067vvvvOhfCf0oEpQ6
1$c(.+.E/q
G 1n.re:
zC/C07vvv,vvv.G vvv!vvv1vvv"oG vvv\qvvv.0vvv"oC
n/Gt
&rvvv?vvv"p1pvvvV
ovvv2vvvFm
,h#vvv.G)pUrvvv2vvv.Mo#pvvv(
rvvvvn
1vvv##vvv<vvv"p
h#vv.tvv.OnG vvlvv?vvLo0nvv(rvv2vv!pvv@o,hn0nvvV
rvvJn
MoUnvv.rJoG vv$ovv&nP
qfp0ovv(vv.Oj pvv!vvV
qvv0Ip,Dvv9qvv/
(1)+?d:&.e@
(2)G v$vcv!vrv7:qvVv1vJI#v)G vcvVvLG v?v.+v!v2Ov$v1v:#vcv!vrv7$&v,v.bv!vrv:kv2G vuvcv2v7 v?v.O8v,v.@L#c!r.J@
99www.alukah.net
qv.#v.G#pv)rCn
OpvLn
8pv,pv%r,hnGt
8qv?nv,v.G&
nvErv.ne
ovLrknv7phG vJn0rv,v%,;v%qqvLbv.GG v2v.Hn(1),kv!v$qv.
Onvvv$pvvvcvvv.GU
nvvv.JnCn
1vvv1vvv,pvvv%r0nvvvPrvvv$nvvvF
o nvvv,ovvv%r1vvv. vvvJ7Gvvv.dp,kvvv9vvvEvvv.GG
t vvv2vvv.HnhnOnG
nvvv!vvv.Ghn+ovvv%r
0nv2rv9nvPpv$v.fGt
1rv9vPv.#v7
kGv?v. v7
kUvlvLGA@1v.OnQohG>v$v1vcov,v%1v. v96vEpv1
6v7p:G vPv0eobv!v1vuv%,U2.MoG H
n1rL@
G$n
1n.Gfp#c.
k:hb!1u
o%oG P
q0eohQD$7
oG !
6-ph1Lt.8
o-@
G}h:Oo:t1mD. o
v0.Co
#2?
G}eq:1H1Lmh !6
-G E$J@
Fv}v+v{:h vuv)qUv.8nvvXvcv1vml,hh>v,nvv0vSv.1ov-G/
tUvlvLGQ,Cj:E&
qvv
#.Rp :p8o
EpP81)n1.$
n n
%p
!
G}e:+KGUE1F@
S9|,:h u(qvq!:E&6
v1H1Lm,h8n
Er$nJ0)nG !
6-nb!/P v!
G}e:Cn
/8c!%oCfq
b!/G $LApCfr
0E$nJn
Qn16-k2G P6
LqGAphG Y
6LqGAp?
S9|,:1!/,Cn
b9KpQo!
G}Ho:G/pt
b9KGQp0?3oCf
r8o.n>
8,n-o !6
-p,h 1Q (.@
S9|,hF}+{:CO9flLoG !
6-nG c_1%nhC8.HoE 1-@
G}H:+"O(o$Y2G .q:n
1. u0e?C/8o
Lp0Jhfn
G Vq
0In
?!
(1)#vv)BOGHG)Ovv0e,h>vv.HG/Ovv9vv,vvKGf,kvvrvvJ>vv.Akvv2Ovv.QIG vv(vv.Qo0/.-43218765<;:9@?>=DCBAHGFELKJIPONMTSRQXWVU\[ZY‘@}z_^]~}|{zyxwvutsrqpo@~zp[G!09.f:58vvvv59]@
100www.alukah.net
G}h:O:1vv!vv/,1vv!vv/,h vvuvv(vv(vv.&vv(vv9vv_pvvLocDvv9qvv/8vvuvv.f
nE#vv.#nvv(vv.,h&vv(vv9vv_pvvL
oCo
#6vv(vv. 9oV!
82n#c(.>$.b7@
8vv.Xqvv#G vv?vv$vv1vvd
ohCn
Orvv2vvfvv.GG vv.Xvv.AhCqvv.#vv.GG vvV
6vv0In
hUnvv!
7vv.GGvv!vvm
nC1vv1vv,pvv%,hhql
n:rC
o#,o%G!l
n,%vvvvt$.8rY2G P
7(67o
G $o\n,6L
nIo(1)@
^!.G#oP9n1rrp_1)1
ncr
Jn
G V0I8!r
2p1n
7k
p\n!n
3m
#)O.#2G q
Kjq.d:
CI}O:#.QnCr
0uo
%r n
.r&n
?r!pQ
ok2G S
7Lr
kn
7p&LGqp3o
RLhbn
G S6$rQp?
8vEv$qvQnG)pGv.Io pv,vKGG/p
tqv9vLGM
p,kv.Gk
nvrnv,v%hG vJo+v%,Qne
rv%nG$
n nv%p
G vKj#v.RG vvv9vvvsG$eo8
ovvvEpvvvQ
71vvv-@ vvv,vvvKGG
tqvvv9vvvLnMnzCDvvv$vvvJyCf0nvvvHvvvLo>vvv.G>vvv$vvv1vvvcovvv,vvv% vvv$vvvLGq
nvvv2vvv7p
G vvSvv$vvQp,C#vv.+vv.kvvPvv1vvJGovv"oE vv/G vv$vv\vv2vvI
p pvv1ovvEnvvY
8vvLn#nvvS
rvvLh1vv.
kOvv.Gpvv(vv.
k,E/
qCf
6Co
#6vv-o
q. : -:DY8
LD!12.k
,k,.CkY"o#SLhHm
k2G V6
2.M@
GpOrvv9vv$vv9nvvcvv.G1vvS
ovvL1vvsG vvEvv!vv1vv3p,h#nvv(rvv_vvLpG vvS
6vv$vvQh+vv28
ovv\pvv"7#pvv)rhQGApG$
okovvsp
kn
9n
ur
P.G \6
21c7n
C .G&.k
RG+p1n7k
8n
Pr
En
LoG$
n r
2.Hn@
1nvcrvJ
nknv9rvLImev1vLp[v.0v!v7m&
nv,nvY
nv:pG$e7 pv9
nvKr
+nv3nE v/e
ovLrknv9pv,v.,EPE&
qv,v. v%8
nvcovJ
r
8vPv9v\v1vdoG v$ovuv.K
n#nvcnv,v%@&nv_nvLnE v1v,v.Rh>
ov,v.&v_vLIk
Dv.&pv1v7k
hqv.d:z>v,8vMj&nvlrvPnvvp
!K6
+.HE /G \6
213py@
bvvv.hOG$h/OnGnvvv.rk
ovvv,vvv%bvvv!vvv/C#8vvv,vvv%,kvvvrvvv.dz>vvv$vvv1vvv"y:CQ0vvvEvvv2&
nvvvlrvvvPnvvvv,
h&vvEvv)Ovv(vvcvv$vv"bpvv.nXvv.k
bvv(vvvvvvvG vv1vv.e@Ovv(ovvL0vvEovvvp#pvv)rCbvv$vv.dpG vv$nvv(vvMpdphG vv\
6vv2vvIp
@O(o?,8M
o&E)[c.eG)k\.QphG fn
JnGAC0Y.
k@
Gt
19P$n:pG$e7hq. ::h+"8cLpk.f?
(1)#v)BOGHG)Ov0ekv2G vVv0ICf0vrvmG v$ovVnv!
qv.fUvlv.kv.
k#v9vLGUv7#v(v9v_v$v7kv1vrvmG vL>v.d
kv2G vVvlv.aG$h v/,;v%Gv!vlv,v%0vrvmG$h/O,h8vrvmG v(vPv.Akv2G vVvlv.aG$Gv1vLI,hP v$fC#.QG (P.A#2(17b!/G P9L@
101www.alukah.net
CDvv$vvJ:&nvvcvv%&vvcvvLpa@C
n&nvvPpvv1vv:pC&
qvvvpbvv!
6vv$vv9pvv(vv28vvEvvYvv1vvLn1
nvvcvvZpG$[vvcvv$vv7p?O(E.hdU(c,.G 1.e1#&lP(.@
G}e:1!/!1!/!CRuo
Lo
to%rb!/#E2
69puo
%rh8c.ho&puo
%@kpc0k
C&9%1.Q7hf@
bvvv.OG$1vvv.Gfp#pvvv)bvvv1vvv.OIG vvv\vvv2vvv1vvv3,0nvvvErvvv$pvvv0f1vvvcvvvZ
nG$Oh0vvv7pG vvv$ovvvrnvvv.80nvvv7phG vv$vv(nvvSvv\vv7p@h/8
nvvPnvv"rbvv)rkvvLDvv7pG$h/Opbvv(vvJ#vv.bvv!pvv$vv.GCf
qCo
#6vv,vv%8vvcvv.&vv2#pvv)1vcvZpG/
t rv9pv,v.1v.JpG v2nvPv1v\
nv7p,G qv9v20ov$rvupv)o#vcv.
nv?nv9ov,v.1v.$Oh0v7p@ vrvJtv.&v.G0nvH
rvSnv.rf
n
Cn
fr
8vvEvv9vv.Ln vv!vv$ovvPvv9vvSvvlvv/,kvvrvv. vv.G$po
#vv,vv%:G vvEvv$vvJp vv!6vv-pbvv!vv/G vvPvv0#vv7p,[
nvv,vv.QlEf
Rv.AGu,hCQOaOv.#v2Ov.a&ovcrvlv1vv#pv)nG vcnv$nv"p,hn&
nvcrv$nv"o&vEv)tv"6R
nv2rAmkv2
G 21::G 9(_1mnhG 9L813
nhG \6
2In
,hG fP1"nC0Y.k
@@@@
h u)z>$10kyq.[
ncn-o#oP9JQpt.
k: u(q(.
n)r&
oclp1n
vp#)G rnVWp@
Xn
Epvn
G ?$1do
D2.QGk
hnOn
c.OnI@
bv(vJG v$nvPv.AGnvLn>
nv:pG$o
OvLIo
>v$v1vcov,v.E v/#v?v!pvQpG$#vQpkv2G vEvJ0vrv7,1nvcvJ
nGovLhL
pG vM7hqGQG vK0v)>v.AhG pvcv1v.O
nIpCe8
CDv$vJ,kvrvJOv$pvcv.G1v#&6v,v.#nvL0vYv7
l;
hbvv1vv.OIoG vv$vvL0vvZpDnvvs
l#vv)Dvvrvv.bpG vv(qvv.Spbvv!vv/1nvvcrvvYpvv,vv%@hqvvJDvv=
6G)Ovv0eo
bvvvvv!vvvvv1vvvvv-,bvvvvv!vvvvv/Cf/8vvvvv\vvvvv.dnG vvvvvM80vvvvv.QIoDvvvvv9qvvvvv//0vvvvv9vvvvv#n
Pq
iG vvvvv$vvvvvL0vvvvvZo@kvvvvvrvvvvv.d
QOvvv.dGu|:z|nvvDnvv{o
Gyvv}vv||vv"vv+vv#npvv,@vv(GOx$pvv~h@vvQGIovv}pvv%pvv~h@vvgvv9_ovvqpvv%pvv~v
nvv}nvvD
nvv{p
GyGnT
nOp,EPGG
tV
rAw)|"&of
o](l;@OGf)y&S9FQGyGnT
nOp<9yT
v%nQphGyJ}q)y(1).
G}Ho:#.QC0ou%1,KGG/pt
q9LGMo?
S9|,:h#.+.?
G}H:1vv$vv.C&vv(vv.Gt
1rvv9vvJC
r&vv.C#vvQqpvvV
6vv7n
&vv2vv28Gu0vv.Oovvm
op,h1vv$vv.C&6vv,vv.
#v.>v.OIltov!7v,v.,h1vSvuv"
mOqv1vsmkv2O
ov.QnImhGDvJIm8vEv$pv"oGt
Ov$nv-o,kv!v$v.PG/&v9v!v.+v.
(1)DvvJ0vv=#vv9vvlvvsbvv!vv1vv-@CGvvL>vv-G vv2vvHvv.Qj,tvv9vv.HG$OH,1vvLqvv%6011,h#vvPvv!vv%,tvv9vv.H
G 2pLqhG V!7,1Lq%1774,hG !la $P!%@
102www.alukah.net
#p)rtp9.HpG !6
-p,k(P9l1Jn#p)>p,.Jm#o9ncJ
8OnI,h&uP
n3nC>
o.QGk
b_1$7k
?
S9|,:/1#Sn@h u)r#.PGO(P9l1Jo
?
CI}O:Ch/k
&rLCo
G rLBfn
h&?.8Oog,k(P9l1Jo#)bp!
r%p
G 96?.0J@
Fvv}vv+vv{:h/&vvuvv.fo
#vv)G vvK0vv)0vvSvvuvv.+ovv%oG vvLOvv.do0vv.enG vvrvv1vv.#nvv7p1vvrvv. vv-:oyxwvutsp(1)@
G}e:h&nvvurvvPpvv3
oDnvvP
nvv(vv.Jm1pvvcnvvJn
OpG vvEovvLhapG vv9vv2&vvrvvLC
o+vv.,tvv$vv.qvv.dQOvv.
ovv(vv.
G vvvuvvvL0vvv%obvvv!vvv1vvv-G vvvVvvv0Io
hG vvvPvvv0eo:z...:Csvv(d(Gde)IvvQal
,hyvvwvv#Cyvvr
l
IQa,h:elIQa,h|+~lIQay(2),ht"7Dn
Pn(7m1c
nSr
LIpC#<. p,.@
G}H:h&ovv0DpvvaG vvJ
8q6vv7n
G vv$vv9vv(vv.+pvv1nvv7n
G vv9vv20vvKtovvLokvv1vv,vv.G vv!
6vv-oqpvvVvv7
n+vvKGG vv(6vv2vv28,
h&o
E.hpd8n
lr
Pp1Ln
1cZp#.qJ0ncr
9Ljt!$.8p-p#)Uo
c.1.J@
Svv9|vv,:hn0ovvHnvvl8vvmo
bvv)C#8vv21vvcvvZnG vvuvv0e
p,$p&
6vv,vv.#vvL0vvYvv7
lhqvvJ8
ovvMrbpvv?
ovv,vv.tn
<r
LIo
G u0ep
@
G}e:/8nvvHnvvmr0vv.Dvv2vv1vv2vv2,C&vv. vvPvv:
o#nvvL0vvYvv7k
,1vv"#ovvLr+vvrvv7l
qvv!vv1vv0k
@CRvvuovvLo
uo
%oGt
+9$.#nuo
%1LGD92hO0#92@
OovvvLbvvv.f
n#vvv.OnG
nvvv"nG$h/OoE vvv/evvvLk
nvvv9pvvv,vvv%hC
nDrvvvY
nvvvLhG&
ovvvPnvvvI
nG vvvrovvvLBfpG vvv9vvv2
0nEr
9n
lp_.fn
1,.,h %0n(rPn.GCf0oE
nY8
LhG#oVr
En
ln
1)p .G Jn0r,%@
>nv!nvPv.G>v$v1vcov,v%1v.
tDv9vLGe
mhnGovSv.Y
mhn1nvJCCDv$vJo1v. v9
8v0hIp:o‘AB
CD@vEFGHIJ@wp(3)@
(1)G lLq.f:30.
(2)QhGgG 9L#Kj,hq.d:DJ0=DP)@(3)0.Om:1vvvv2.
103www.alukah.net
S9|,:#.#c(/o‘ABCD@vp?
G}H:Efq
1vvcvvZn
Oovv.nQpG vvrovvLBfp0nvv2rvvJC1vvEvvLham#ovvrnvv\
6vvcvv7mtvv,vvKpg#vv<vv":o@
@vphoC@vphoM@vp@@@h vvvvuvvvv)6#vvvvcvvvv_vvvv%G vvvv$vvvvlvvvvP8vvvvL0vvvv)n
8vv.q6vvlvv.Gbvv)8
nvvlrvvPvv1vvLp+vv.,h8
nvvLntvv.GG vvcvv!vv%1vv9vv#h0vv!vv,vv.uQnH
8G vvcvv.
nvv$vv1vv)@h1vv. vvL6e
rvv%p
#pvv)r
Cn
f6
1vcvZnG v$vl
nvPqvL0v)nDv.h v.GE0v?v.On#vcv.fm
nv,v.,E/
qC&6v,v% v%0nv96vlpvrv.Gbv!v/#vcv(kv/
hGDvvvJm#pvvv(rvvv,vvv.@ vvvKGk
nvvv$pvvv)nG$
nkrvvvYnvvv"pC
nfr
&nvvv9rvvvLot
nvvv,vvv.hn&
nvvv9nvvv?vvv.hR
n+vvv.tvvv$vvv.qvvv.d>ovvv$vvv,vvv.Q
G co!$.A@
F}+{:h#.+2+KgG Eo
Lhao?
G}e: nvrnvJr
>nv$nvcnv,v.1
nvcrvZo
bov!nv$v.ApG v9
6v?v.0vJp1pvcv2v.QIm>v$v1v!v7m+v2:z&nvW
4Dnvuv1v%l
qn
\r
c.k
n
-oOpLqy@
S9|,:h p$.PG>n$nc.+.+uKG?
G}e: p1n
Pr,o"nDpl
r_o
,.b!/G ?n$1d@
Cn
GnvvKn
CkvvLGOoG vvcvv.Fpvv!vv7p0vv9vv2vv.On vv.fn
G$nOrhGQkvv2G vv9qvv0hnIp,hG$1vv.Gfp0ovvV
nvvE8vvEvv.fp
$pn
1rv(v.Fpv,v$v.[vL0vrv7
n&ov\rvspG vE
ovLha,hEpGvLG>pv,v.#v)#vHv.Qp>pv,v.1v. vS6vuv"G vV
6vEv1vFp
,
hn0ovvv(nvvv28vvv,vvv.fpbvvv!vvv/Gt
88vvv2vvv.Y
pqvvv.GbvvvJpG vvv96vvv?vvv.0vvvJp#pvvv)rEOevvv.e
m1pvvvfovvv(6vvv7m,hEOevvv.e
m1pvvvfnvvv1rvvvLe
ovvv(6vvv7m,
hDovvLham8
nvvPvv9nvvEpvvs
7G vv$nvvJ6,hCo
GvvLi8vvPvv9vvEvvsG)pGrvvlvv.An,hevv1vvLp+vv.#vv)qvv.GbvvJpbvv!vv%
pG 96?.0Jp@
GpOvv9nvv$vvL7hGbvv!vv/+vvKgG vvEvv.dpknvv9rvvLI
k#pvv)nG vv.nqrvv:pOohf
nCf0ovvEpvvP
qvv.G1vv. vv$nvv!nvv"pChp
G vvv96vvvcnvvv3p,G qvvvKjbvvv.OI
k#vvv.0nvvvSrvvvcovvvLhf
n1pvvv-C
n;rvvv(vvv.AnOQGO
nvvv9pvvv,pvvv% pvvvJo
QhOpvvv,pvvv%@1vvv"rbvvv!vvv/G vvcnvvu
rvvQp,tvv.&vv.Gkvv2evv.0vv7pG vvP
6vvcvv.OIphG/pt
&vvSvvLGMp
, vv1vvQn
kvvrvv]r
1pvvPnvv2nvv3p#vv.O
nvv1nvv(vv. ovv.&
nvv-
#pvv)rCo
>ovv.QmhnD
nvvPnvv(vv.Jm#pvv)rQn1
8vv,pvv%vvvvh+vvKGRvv2Al#ovv,pvv%4>vvJG
kvvvv1
nvv"r1pvvPnvv2nvv3pG vvP
6vvuvv1vv(vv7phG vvvv,ovvvvJhApG vvvv!
6vvvvKn
0rvvvv)pDnvvvv0
qbvvvv!vvvv1vvvv,pvvvv%r,hqvvvvJUvvvvJbQOvvvv.doGu|Dvvvv1vvvv(vvvv$vvvv.qvvvv.d:
z...h|v9Gt
F
rvAv}nvhsnv(relpv,<nv+rvBm|pv#r<
ov+v(JpGyvzvv&p*nvA
rvzov(fnGyvt
ovQBfnhn*nvAnvOGQnSv(!nv&o<
nv+rv"nv%v~E:q
!nvRnynvBrfvzv+v%pv~
oGyvTvvwpv+rv"nv?o
,hninvWpv+nvA
rv%ov~oGyvQvIrv}nv?o
,hnI
nvqvvArv%ov~oGyv}nv;Fpvw
nv?o
,hnPn
vvQn$ov~oGyvzvv&o
104www.alukah.net
p,|n#rfp"Ongoy(1).
hnUnv!
ov.Gkv28pv0hn8pv,pv%rE v/G!0nv7pG
qv9v28
nv9nvE
nvJ6
Ko
bnv)r8
nvHrv!pv1vWpQp>v.dpG vrv.kpv!
nv7p
!l9/0.Oo
mn#p)e
n1.1n7pG ?
o3qvvvvG
q92hU!.GE 1,.C#QpC
n;(.AnO
nLrOpG rpV
67pvvvv@
qvv. vv:pG$e:+vv.qvvJhnUnvv!
rvv(vv.E vv/Dvv1vv=
o8nvv2rvvJC
oqpvvVqvv9ovv(vv.G vv1nvv.ren@G!f
nOnvv.ran
&nvrvLC
oh&ovEv.hpd
oG v96vl
rvPv1vLn@htv.fOhQoOv.#v2,k
nvrnvLnCn
:o?>=$
#"!(’@uwp(2)@
kr.dCD$Jo
:#n)r+o%oG Kp0)nGt
Rr
9n
Lnhrg?
G}Ho:G!0v7o
/8ovEvJ
8;ov(v.bv)pG vKjGRv9vLi,h vuv)b
nv)pG v2v.Fpvcv1v),knvuv!v$v7
o
zRvvLiy#vvcvv(vv.+vv.z1vv.Yy,Cj:Efq
G vv9qvv?qvv.QnG vvK0vv)nGp vv9
nvvrnvv\ovv.go#pvv)nG vv2pvv,
rvvLp+ovv%oG vvK0vv)n
1.bo.go1<$)
m1n
Hr
Qm
,Cj:q!1",OQG+p%n#cJhOImhqJt.&.Gk1-#)G MG+J0)@
F}+{: $.PGt.&.GRG+J0)k1-?
G}H:Dv9qv//0vPv9vcv1vJngoC+v!ov-oEftv.&v.GqvJ
nvEpvr
ov.G1pv,pv%,k
nv,ov%/0vL0vJhf
GpP.QIto"
8Rn2rAm@
F}+{: $.PG?+"On
Ln
q.g? rJhn>n
Jhgok2G 2p,r
LphGn!
6V.g@@@
G}Ho:+vvKGUvvEvv1vvFl,h vvuvv)r!+vv"rt
ovv"7#nvv)rh>
nvvJn
Rnvv1rvv,vv.
kbvv!vv/G vv\vvL0vvsCh
kvv2#vvuvv.fm1vvcvv1vvJmbvv)CUvvEvv.1pvv-pChrC+vv!vv-,0vvJqbvv2C&vv- vv-?Efq
bvv!vv/#nvv)r0vv?vvJo
Rnvv1rvv,vv.
k
+vvuvvKGCf0ovvcvv!pvv)bvv(vv-hn0nvvPrvv9nvvl
rvvPpvvL
nbvv)CUvvEvv.1pvv-p,kvv(f
r vv%0vv?vvJ
r+ovv%1vvcvvJOvv(vv7m0ovvVpvv2vvFo
#pvvv)rDnvvvr
8vvv-pG
t vvv9vvvVvvvL7ao1vvv-,bvvv!vvv/C&vvv-EPG>vvv.ACUvvvEvvv.1ovvv-Onk
nvvvdn
nvvv,ovvv%;
nvvv$nvvv(nvvv-oChQnO6go
1pcn1r(p-p
(3),h+KG#. %0nlr
c!.g@
(1)CGL>-#P!%,t9.HG KtL,1Lq%2699.
(2)0.Om:20.
(3)hqvvJG+vv9vv%G vvlvvrvv-G)Ovv0#vv21vv,vvKgG vv?vvMFvv1vv7G vv$vv,vv$vv7kvv2Dvv1vv.IG vv(vv.S,hCkvvLO vv,vv.OQGOvv.JhCDu.#.
k8P$/zCDu.eG !r\7y@
105www.alukah.net
;vvv%qvvvLC>vvv$vvv1vvv":o&%,+*)0/.
-TSRQXWVU\[ZY
‘_^]DCBAHG@vwp(1)@
CI}O:+KG0c(2Cfq
G q
KjGt
R9Li0.Omn+.D.t%o#pVL@
S9|,:hntn1rm
nGt
Or
9n(r9n?
r:nC&
6-D.t%o#pVL
n?G!07o
%8n
ro"rR
n1r,.k
#)P v!
CIvv}vvO: vvrvvJqvv.d/t
#vvLC8pvv-po0/p,Cj:Cn
hr>pvvJjhn+nvv18vv,vv2 vv-#nvuv.&v.
k>v1qvJG
ktvL0v$v.
k0v(v.Ov2ov-o,hbv.#pv!v1v-p#vcv.#v!v7
kDnvP
nv(nv7k
,hG vL6bpv16v7o
/0nv,rv9v$qv.fn
vK pvvn
$&6
,%/0nPr
9n
\p1c.&-,k. $u.fo
G uL0%ohG $c.#!7o
G ?1qJIo0E9.>.fp pE.t%
m@
F}+{:h#.PG&P9l1Jo#)+KpgpG $cLpk7p?
CIvv}vvO:&nvv9vv#t
6vvJo#pvv)rC
nf6
G vv$vv2vv!vvgn
G vvKjOokpvvdn
;vv$vv(vv.k
pvv1vv.Oovvm
n vv%0nvvuovv)rR
n+vv1vvJGk
,
h vvuvv)60vv.Oovvm
n+vv.G vv(6vvlvv1vvQo@h+vvKG0vv&n08vvJoG vvrvv.dnG vvKjP
ntnvvLn8rvv-oC#vv2#ovv(rvvK
oqvv!vv1vv"
mkvv2
+KGG <6
$n)@
Sv9|v,: vrvJqv. v:r
Rnv1rv,v.
kbv?v1v2v.
k, vrvJOokvdhR&v-hnQnqv.
k,kv,v" pv!v.nQ
nbC+v$qv1qv7l
D9/0o.Rfn
t. $pPr
vphG EL0Lp?
G}H:Oo
&Gdl
>18Jl
,1"#o$r9.R,#ndrC&
6vC
nGr
\n
#r
JnG ln
,r%n@
G v.nQnbo
tv.f#ov,pv$v.k
>vJGk
hev. v1v.k
,$&v-tv.fqv!v1v0k
hnUnvcrv3
nG vEovVv.dpbv!v1v-p@
h vvvvuvvvv)6Co
#6vvvvvn vvvv%8
nvvvvrovvvv"r(G vvvv.nQnb),1
nvvvv"r(G vvvv.nQpb)1pvvvvunvvvvPrvvvvLpG vvvvLGA,hn+ovvvv.nG vvvvlpvvvvY
6vvvv7o
G v$nvVrvuv.t
nv7o
,htv.fn
G v(6v.SoqvJ0v$v.k
0v9vcv.#nv!v.fn
1v. vK6
+nv3phG vlpvY6v7p,h0ovP
nv$7v.fn
G vcov$v!nv7n
G vK+v2v16v7n
G v$nvVvuv.tv7n
zO0v(v.QGky,hG vcov$v!
nv7n
G vlpvY8v16v7n
G v$vVvuv.tv7zOpQr+v$v.
ky,htv"7O0v(v.Qm
t.f0P.hjbSLIn
OQG+%@
G}e:G vvvKjGRvvv9vvvLi0vvv.Ovvvmkvvv2#lvvvVrvvvLn+vvv.zb
nvvvM0vvvMo#pvvvVrvvvLny,hqvvvJ8
nvvv.nO
6vvv%n
G vvcvvM0vvMokvv2+vvKGG vvlvv9vv/G vvHvv1vvLn,hCo
brvv?pvv3
n1vv-,h vv%0ovvcvv.#pvv!
rvv-o1vv.bvv9vv2vv.Qgbvv2vvJG
kCh
(1)0.Om:21.
106www.alukah.net
Qqvv1vvrvv.k
,tvv2vv.qvv2G vvcvv2vv1vvJG vvK0vv)bvv(vvJg,E&vv$vv.&vv_vvL vv-&vv_vvLIk
Gvv.Uvv7,h vv-kvv1vv-kpvvLnGO
nvv7l
Uv.Opqnv7l
,hPtv.Al v$qv.Ml@h v,vKGCn
hrUnv/G#rvLnC
n8nv-o1v-,qv.Fv0
k:o0/.
-TSRQp@
[vv!vv3#vv(vv,vv.Cf8ovvuvvLe#nvv<
rvv.nGg,#ovv2nvv.
nvvfnvv7k
kvv2EtvvLG#vv-@hG vv$vv<vv.i#vv)G vv<qvv.pj,
h+.#u.fG $21:hG)q.#7@
[vv!vv3#vv(vv,vv.G vvcvvM0vvMEtvvLGen0vv.Ovvmn, vvrvvJQn>vv.Cf0nvv(rvvl
nvvcnvv,ovv$vv.,hCf0vvEvvVvv"
vv,vv$vv.G vvHvv1vvLobvv)[vvL0vvrvv-,tvv$vv.C&vv-qvvJ0ovv96vvHpvvKngoh vvJG
k,hqvvJ0nvv9nvv2nvv(qvv.go:o.-
TSRQp@
h1v.Ov9vrvLGQp0v.Ovmnpkv21v1v:G vcnvM0vM#ovcnvM6RG
k#ovunvL6#v.
k0vuv.f
oqvJ8
nv?v.hR
n
CG\.QnG fo
Lr
1n
7p,hnhnUn"nE /#u.fmB#p)!!
h vvv,vvvKGbnvvvr
6vvv2nvvv:
rG!0vvv7o
bvvv!vvv/+vvvKGG/Ovvv9vvvrvvvLGQp(1)
kvvvrvvv. vvv::oXW
VU\p@
GOvv9vv#&nvvmnCDvv$vvJoG vv9
8vv0hI
n:oXWVU\[Z
Y‘p(2)@
CIvvv}vvvO:tnvvv1rvvvm
n0nvvvuovvv.f
okvvv2hoqvvv.Y
p0vvv.O
ovvvmn
kvvv2G vvvL8bq(3)
8nvvv$vvvuvvv1vvv)l vvv-kvvv2
G$QrV?Cn
nvv1rvvQ
n#vvcvv(vv/ofedcpQnknvvcrvv(vv.#nvvLr8nvv2nvv9nvv-ohn>
nvvcnvv!vv(vv.gPG#vvuvv.&nvv7m
b. 17m?
G}H:+vv(vv.cRnvv2Akvv2bpvv!vv%G vv96vvHvv\vv1vv]p0vvPvv$vv/zG vv96vvH
rvv\vv1vv]
nG vv$vvPvv9vvrvv2vv!vv26yG v\
6v.0v"nG$n
#nvJp,h+vKG0vuv.fo
1pv.nX
rvdp
+nvJnamtv2v1vLm,0nv9ov%78nvErvrv1vrov-obpv2
rvLnbvJOmtv2v1vLm#pv)n
G vvP6vv(nvv.GJp,hn8
ovv.X
6vvFo vvK pvvv
n#nvvLGDpvv"o>ovvMFpvv1
6vv7l
1nvvPvv1rvv\
nvv7l
,qvvJ8vvuvv.fo
1nvvcvv1vvJIkbvv)+vvKG
(1)QhG0vv7 vv!vv9vvL#vvKj,1vvLqvv%4|458,qvvJq
QGuG vv$vvrvv.O0vvLqvv2vv"Cf0vvHvv!vvsG vvPvv$vv.hGJhG$QV1H$P1)C mO(7@
(2)0.Om:22.
(3)G Lbq
:G c2.O07@
107www.alukah.net
G v,nvJnapvvvvv̂.+vL0v.k
vvvvhn vuv(6v,v.8v&O8
j pv9nvErvrpv1vrpv-pkv2&pv,v.0v7G$#rvLp@+vKGG vuv0eo0nv(rv\
nv2pvso
bvv!vv/G vv(6vv.Sp,h/&vvrvv. ovv-o1pvvE
nvvs8
G vv!6vv-pO
ovv2rvvEvv.&vv-h8vvcvv. vv/@kvv,vv.N0nvvcrvv!nvv%o1pvvcpvv!
rvv$vv-
G$Rn pvvv2qG vvvKjt
nvvv9nvvv2nvvv-okvvv2G vvv!
qvvv.M
pG vvv$vvvEvvvlvvv.Xpq
nvvv2rvvv"nG
nvvv!rvvvspG vvvPvvv$vvv.hGJphG$QVp
1vHnv$rvPv1v)C vm
nbv.em
,h vuv(qv(v.qnvJr&vrv.
ov-bv!v/O
nv2v1v"pG v$ovSv.tnv!nv7p
(1),hP pvvn pv9
nvrrvL0v3p
G$n
kr
,.ep
@
G vv!6vv-oO
ovv2rvvEvv.&nvv-oh8vvcvv. vv/O
nvv$nvvFn
1pvv.oqvv.Y
pz0vv.O
ovvmnypkvv2G vv2pvv,
rvvLp,;ovv%6kvv2
G$OrvvLp,;vv%6 pvvcpvvM
88nvv2nvv(
8vv2G vvcvvM0vvMp
nvv-ohEtvvLG#pvv-pE0qvv.g,;
ovv%qD
ovvJhKp>nvv$vv1vvd
pG$
nDrvvJGKp
G vv9vv28nvv2rvvJ
oh vv(vv.O
nvv18vv,vv7k
hn#ovv,pvv1vv(nvv7k
,hP pvvvn pvv1
nvv9nvvrnvv.6i1pvv-pb
ovv.rOog,knvv1nvvrrvv.ibvv!vv/8
nvvEnvv$7vv"p
G $nPr
&oh 16.JpG ?pP.e
pG 92G
n!n
rn-oG !
6-o$p
n>r!p,.@
CIvv}vvO:h+vvv"hoqvvv.bovvv-okvvv2+vvvKpgpG vvv$vvvSvvvuvvv0Jp0ovvvH
nvvv.8
ovvv-oC0vvvYvvv.
k8nvvvcnvvv!
7vvv%n8vvv#h0vvv"p
G$D.O0=p?
G}H:/,/,+vvvvvKGRnvvvvv2rABG
nvvvvvLvvvv+vvvvvKG#vvvvv)G vvvvvcovvvvv!vvvvv.e
pG vvvvv!
6vvvvvJo&
8vvvvv16vvvvv7pG vvvvv9vvvvv2
0nvHrv9nvW
7G v!6v-o1v,v.bpv2v.O
ngoG vV6v. pvEpv1v)vvvvhn#pv(
rv,ov%oG$&v2v1v.Aovvvvh/8
nv(rvQ
nCn
f6
G vLqOv.dn|
q.d:zQoDr*9Gy}o||p#pF
oRAl|p#SpA
v?mhCQ<g+#nF
oR
rAGk
|p#nGy"w=o(vIpy(2).
S9|,:#.#c(/zb!.el n
Jo&1q7
ly?
G}H:+vvv2bovvv!vvv.el#pvvv)r
nvvvJo
fpG vvv!6vvv-p,Cj:#pvvv)bpvvv(
rvvvJpG vvv!
6vvv-p1pvvv\
nvvvLp0vvvspG)0vvvEvvv.AphG vv,pvvJG0vv7p,1pvv$vvcvv(vv/Cf
6G vv2nvvS
nvvLn/0nvvP
rvv9vv\vv1vvcvv.f#nvvcrvvLpknvv7n
qvv.GbpvvJp+vv.hCOovvPpvv,vv., vvKG/
0nvvPrvv9nvv\vv1vvd
oCDvvJl
8nvvcnvv!
7vv$nvv,vv.@hG vvcvv!vv%oG vv!
6vvJo&qvv2:0vvlvv9vvF
oG vv!6vv-o1vv-pbvv!vv/qvv!vv.HpCh vv1vv.Fpvv-p
G vv$vv9qvvrvv1vv(vvghbvv2vv.OpgpG vvVvv. vvEvv1vv)n1pvvPnvv2nvv3p[vv,vv.QIpqvv!vv.1pvv,pvv%r#pvv$6vv.0vvuvvLn+ovv-o,hG8
8vv2vv.bpvv,pvv%#vv.
0ovvEvv2pvv-o,h+vvKG#vv$vv./0vvlvv9vvF
o1vv-bvv!vv/e
nvv1rvvLp+pvv%,qvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:o=43
(1)G v$vSv.tv!v7:#vSv.1nv,nv7,G v$v$v.;v!v7,GOv%#vVvJQRv.tv"@G v$vSv.tv!v7:(1v0ev7)Cf0vKtvLG vSv2A1!lae1Lg .q.b-k2UE29-@
(2)UvvvEvvv1vvvFG vvv2vvvHvvv.Qj,92vvvvtvvv9vvv.HG vvv9vvvcvvv2vvv1vvvL,4vvvv1vvv.HG vvvLD0vvv.G vvvVvvv. vvvEvvv7>vvvMA#vvv)Ovvv9vvv7hCQ1c1)>MAG
k#)G (2.I,1Lq%6987h6988h6989.
108www.alukah.net
218@|{p(1)@
Cn
trvvvv$nvvvv"nOvvvv.#vvvv2G vvvv9
8vvvv0hI
n:o_^]DCBAH
Gp,;vv%qvv.d:+vvKGtnvv0el#nvvl
rvv,vv.el/0vvEvv9vv.LoE vv/8vvlvvPvv1vvLm,kvv. vv!
6vv-oOvv2vvEvv.&
nvv-o
h8vvvvvcvvvvv. vvvvv/o#$!p(2),hEPGCQGOnRnvvvvv1rvvvvv,vvvvv.
kkvvvvv(p&
qvvvvv$vvvvv.0vvvvvrvvvvv.d vvvvv-:o5
6p(3)@
G}eq:oRSTUVp(4)@G)&vvPvv.fo
qvvJr0nvvuvv.f
o#vv&#pvv(vv.
k>pvvJG
k
1v. v!6v-pO
ov2rvEv.&v-h8vcv. v/,hn nvupv(
6v-kv2t
nv<v1vLm#pv)nG$Dv1v.fp/0vuv.f
oqv.OpQG
kbv!v/k
nv,rv%
pDnvrpv1vr
nv7p#v.0nv?vLpj
nv-o,kv(PGtv.fP vvkv2#nvV
rv!nvEnv9pv-pvvvvtv$v.0nvcrv9vrpvJ
ovvvv0vrv.d:z+v.
Gnv1rvLly,hEPGtv.fb
nvuvQoP vvG
tO6bv/C&
6v-ozR
nvL4y,kv. vH
nv1rvLohG vS
6vL7R
nv1rv,v.f&vPv2v1v.f,
kvv$vv.&vvLGgGnvv1rvvLG
kqvvJ8vvuvv.f
obnvv.Gqpvv2
ovv-oenvv1vvLo#nvvEvv$vv.OnIm,htvvKG#vv.&vvLGgR
nvvLqGk
qvvJ8vvuvv.fbv.qpv2
nv9ov-Gnv1rvLG
k@h v,vKGqv.dG v!
6v-o8vcv. v/:o&%(’"!$
#>=@?:9}(5),hqvv.dC0vvYvv.k
kvv2Ovv.QIG vv(8vvPvv.A:o0
~}|{zyxw@~vp(6)@
G}e:EfGu+v.G vKj#nvu6v)n v1v.Ovm
nkv2G$QVpG v?
nvJ0vJnIp#pvVrvLn,hn+nv16v#
n
v-Cf0vcv1vTn
kv21nv1rv:p#vPv&hdmtv2v1vLmkv1v,v.,hP vv8v$v,v1vJl v$v.O
nv1nv#8v2#v)CDvJGKmh8n
\n.qQGJm@
hOvvv1vvv(vvv9vvv@bvvv(vvv-8vvv$vvvuvvv1vvv)nGu vvv1vvv.Ovvvmkvvv21vvv1vvv:pG vvvcvvvM0vvvMh8vvvcvvv!vvv1vvv$nvvv-o8vvv#h0vvv"n
G$Dvvvv.O0vvvv=:o[ZY‘p,h8vvvvJdG!0vvvv7Cf6
8vvvvrvvvvJ0vvvvLnGu vvvv-G vvrvvJhenE vv/#vvVvvL,hG/Ovv9vvrvvLGQnkvv21vv1vv:G vvcvvM0vvM,G
ovv\rvv.nIlbvv!vv/[vvL0vvs8vvcvv!vv1vv$pvv-p
(1)G (P.A:66.
(2)+.O:107.
(3)0Q:82.
(4)0.Om:21.
(5)G 2rLI:216.
(6)G (P.A:19.
109www.alukah.net
8v#h0v"nG$Dv.O0v=,hCfq
Eqv.#v9nv-okv2#vVvLn8v$v,v1vJl v9vcv!v1v$pv-p8v#h0v"nG$Dv.O0v=,tv$v.qnvvJ
6QGu@kvv$vv.Rvv.AnGutvv.f,h#vv.CQGOngoG vv!
6vv,vv)kvv,vv.hGqvvd
l,h/0vvrvvJpQo#vvHvv!vv.b
l
bv!v/#nv(rvcpv-phE0vrv.kpv-p,h/0nvPv9v\v1vdo#vHv!v.b
l#vfv. v2v7
nGu,$fG v!
6v-nkvc6v.d v$v.0ovL0vJo,
h+.e. 3l
b!/Cn
#rLpgp,#o(rl8
Kl
$S1,9p-p@
kvlv2Rv#f0v.Ovmp,CQGOnG v!6v-o v1v.Ovm
nC#vLGk
,hnQn86v3n v-#ovP
rv9nvrrv2nv0
k,
hCbJ6 -#n,n$67
k,hqJ
6Qn#)G$DJGK#.0oP
r,p%ok28Er1s 9Er1sP v@
hEGvvv.Io0vvv.Ovvvmn
/0vvvcvvv!vvv$vvv.f+vvvKG,tovvv"7#vvv.bvvv(vvvJn+vvv%+vvv.D
nvvvPnvvvJ
o0vvv.Ovvvm
hG vvvEpvvvrrvvvJo
bvvv!vvv1vvv-,hG vvv9vvv #vvvLohG vvvunvvv1rvvvJoXpvvvJ
6go vvv!vvv96vvvH
nvvv!7vvvW#vvv(vvv-,h vvv,vvvKGkvvvcvvv!vvv.G1vvv-#vvv.
kc!.G(1)@
G$H:Oovvv2vvvEvvv.fGu@k
nvvv!rvvv(vvv9vvv.1vvvd
pG vvv9
8vvv0hI
n@kvvvrvvvLCCDvvv$vvvJ:{FEL
KJIPONAww}(2)@
G}eq:[vv2vvcvv.k
, nvvrnvvJr
knvv,pvv$rvv9ovv%oG vv$vvcvv(vv/G vvcvv.eq vv,vvKgpG!0vv7p@kvvcvv2vv.QI
o1vv!vvg
nCn
RovvJ
6go
8vvcvv(vv2tnvv2ovvLnh&
nvvYnvv@n
bnvvrrvv!ovv-o@h vvuvv)6G vvcovv!
nvv$vv.AnhG vv$vvlvvP
8vvL0vv)nG
tGrvv9vv!vvlvv.Gkvv2G vvcovv$rvvLpG vvKj
0nvv2rvv!ovvgo
kvv1vv-G)&rvvPvv.f
oCRvvJ
6go,kvvrvv. vv.GE&vv-kvv2G vvP
8vv)8G vv<
qvv.#vv(vv7
nbnvvS
rvvLI
n,h+vvKG#vv.&vvPvv$qvv1vv-p
G vv1nvv.renOpvv)6G vvL7RrvvJp@h+vv2G vvP
8vv)7G vv9vv2hnX
nvvcnvv9rvv,vv.zRpvvL
rbvv7o
Dvvrvv.bpG)&rvvPvv.fpyG vv9vv.1vvc
nvv7p %#o%
pG $9EJI 9oMp0"nb
n)pG S6
Hr
WpUpln
7n
G \q
l. n
7p@
h#vv(vv,vv%#vv)qvv.d:1nvv"0nvv2rvv!
ovvgo
Cn
RovvJ
6gokvv2G vv<
qvv. pvv<vv7phG vv<vv0;vv1vv)n,h#vv(vv,vv%#nvv)qvv.d
kvv2G$Q1nvvcvv1vv);h/Cbvv9vvrpvvJCn
f6
+vvKG#ovv,pvv%4@G vv$ovv,vv%qCn
f6
Ovv18vvJn&vv.0vv.Oovvm
n1nvv!nvvgn
Cn
RovvJ
6go
kv2G v.nqrv:pG vKjb
nv!pv$nv-oG v!6v-o,hn
nv%r0ovE
nvJ8
Orgokv2G vrvLBfp@kv2+vKGG v.qrv:pB8v.gG v!
6v-o
G Eo
u%nhG cp!%n,hnQnkn
dn#n(Mp 9n-o1
n1r)nG (q.Sp@
CI}O:;o
%6Gn
9n%nG !
6-oG!07
no634p@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U112.
(2)0.Om:22.
110www.alukah.net
Sv9|v,:h#vv.+vv.G vvS6vv2rAoG vvE
nvvPnvv)G vvKjq
nvvJq#vv-O
nvv1vvJo&vv.0vv.Oovvm
npDvv9vv/0nv?rvMp0nv-oG v!
6v-o+vKGG v?vMGAnG vcv_v1v%n:zG vE
ovuv%nhG vcpv!v%ny?+v"$pfEGv.8nv-oQn#nv.rgokv2G 2p,Lpk
nVn
2Lb!/P v,;%Un
2n
Ln
b!/1n1rcp-t. L
6q1s?
G}e:G vvvvV6vvvv2rvvvvLoR
nvvvv2rAltvvvv2vvvv1vvvvLl,/8
nvvvv_ovvvv)7C
n&6vvvv-oO
nvvvv,rvvvv"l,h vvvv1vvvvQCj7E&vvvvPvvvv.fm1vv.t
Ovv9vv\vv.bvv9pvv-pGt
Dvv9vv$vv.dnG vvV6vv2vvLp, pvv,vvKG#nvvJnMnG vv!
6vv-oG vvVvv.1vvLp0vv)nkvv2tvv<vv1vvLm#vv)B0vv.Jp
G vvrovvLBfp,hn1nvvS6vvLn+ovv%1vv. vv?
nvv(6vv7p@Ovv1vvJo&vv.0vv.Ovvmoptvv.fUvv2vv.QG
kkvv2t
ovv"
8C0vv.#pvv-p
hCDr.G p-p,h+KG#.O
n(n9ncn
L6aoE 1-#p)Gp0dG!0.JpG!817@@@
Svvv9|vvv,(#vvvrvvv.[vvvcvvv.k):#vvv.OGenG$#vvvLotvvvK vvvv
n,kvvv!vvv$vvv.PGP
ntnvvvLnG vvv!
6vvv-oG vvv(6vvv9vvv1vvv?
nvvv7n
G $nLr
>o.6Inq
n2r"nG c
n$n"phG P6
2n
3p?
G}e:+vvKG#pvv)#vv_vv.+vvL>nvv$vv.dpG$
oOrvv!vv.HpG vvrovvLB&pvv28,Dvv9vv/0nvv_
nvv"6G vvrvv.QpiAo
pvv,vvKgpG vvP7vv.QnIpkvv28
nvvlnvvu
7vvLm#ovvP
rvv9nvv$pvvL5
,hn0nvvuovv.f
n vv-G vvEvv.kvvMo pvv$ovv9vv.1nvvcnvv7pG vvrpvvV
6vv7p1pvvSnvv.rbm
hnRn
fn
mm@
Fv}v+v{:oM~}|{zyxwvu
tsrqponmlkji@xwp(1)@
Svv9|vv,:G!fn
Dvv.fn
OhQoG vv96vvlvvPvv1vvLp,+vv(vv.cbpvvJ6Io
tvv!pvv$vv.Jm vv%Ckvv,vv$rvv,vv.@kvv$vv.#vvvvcvvvv(vvvv/oFphoutp,h vvvv$vvvv.PGqvvvv. vvvv:pG!0vvvv7
ooxw}
hn n
%r8n
ro"rC
ner
!n
rn
:pG$1.GH?
G}e:oFp,Cj:[nv!nv2nv:
r#v(v-G vlv.DpvSnv7n
,hnbnvLnX
nv:r&
nvlrvPnv,v.bv!v1v-@C#qv.
pv$nv.PGqv. v::ox}h v%8vrv":zCev!vrv:ykv%fG$h v/+v2Upv1vfnv7o
#v2v. nvfnv7m
#pvv)nG vv<vv.&pvv1nvv7,1vv$vvcvv(vv/C&
6vv,vv.Cevv!vvrvv:G$1
rvv.GHntvv!6vv,vv.,h8vv#t
6vvJn
Jr#pvv)rP vvv>vv18vvJGk
,
h1v. vfnv:r
kv1v-@C#v.bpv2v.QIoutpE&qv,v.EDvJi nv,nv?v.JpG vcnvLnHpkv2z+v16v#Jo
vvvy,h#vvcvv(vv.+vv.:+vv.Cn
&nvvKGqvvJ+nvv16vv#Jo&vvlvvPvv2 vvvhne
nvv!6vvrrvv:oG$1vv.GHn,k
nvv!nvv)r0vvLG&vv.
(1)0.Om:23.
111www.alukah.net
CDJl
,k9c.d@On
un
9n
:pG$e7q!10k
;%6q. :r:+n"rk
n,p$r9
o%rG!f#c(/G!07?
CIv}vO:#vv.knvv,pvv$rvv9ovv-+vv.Cf
6Gt
#rvvLCInG vvcvvM0vvMp[vv!vv2vv:r#pvv)z0vv.O
ovvmnypkpvvcvv"n
G vv$ovv(vvunvvLp,hP pvvv
n1nvvcvvJ
nCn
fr
>nvvcnvv!
nvv9rvv-o#nvvcnvv,vv.kvv2e
ovvLkvv7m#ovvfrvv!
nvvrnvv7mEevv0qvv.
k8vv.#qvv.
k,Dvv9qvv//
0vvLG+ovv$vv.CDvvJl
,;vv%qvv. nvv:r vv-qvvJ
r8nvv,nvv16vv#Jo vvv,Cj:Ep&
6vv(vv2>vv.+pvvMI
l vvK vvvG vvlpvvcvv",;%QGD
n:r
8o
Pr$pc
o-oG u0enG $ofLj@
S9|,:#. %Ck,n$r-+. $.PGq. :pG!07o
:o~}|{p?
G}e: vv(vvcvvLpanC&6vv,vv.O
nvv16vvJIoG vv$nvvuvv.fphUvv.Dpvv2nvv7o
G$#rvvLphG vv(6vv,vv2p
kvv1vv-,hbvv!vv/G v?v$v1vd
pCn
fr
0ov\pv1vcv.+v.hn0nvPrv9nv?v1v2v.G pv\
nv!nv2v.8pv,v.@C#qv.+v.k
nvfnvL0v3
lbv(v,v.,1v"+ov.nb
nv2rvJl
bp(rJn+. 1Q -E/
qCf0r.dnO
n$rc.k
h[.b7k
@
Fv}v+v{:hn#nvdn+nvKGk
nvrnvJr
QnknvZn0ov.O
ovmo
[nv!nv2nv,v.$p
n&6v-o#ov(rvu
nvLlhD
nvLGe,hkv.DpvSv7l
hn&nvrpv1vV
nv7l
,hn/0nv?ov.Robv!v/G$
n&rv2pv1v.Apkpvcv"oG v(6vrv.FpvWp,k
nv,ov%r#nvcrvVv.#v.f
nbv)rP vv,
hqvvvvv.d vvvvv,vvvvv.:orqp,Cn
jr:Cbvvvvv.Po
1vvvvv. vvvvv!6vvvvv-p,hC8vvvvvEvvvvvV
6vvvvv)o1vvvvv.u#vvvvv)kvvvvvcvvvvv"G l.GDT@
hGt
brvv9vvLVn>vv$vv1vv"ltvv0#nvv-oqvv.Fvv0
k:h vvupvv)r
nvv%rC
nkrvv,nvv%r vv$vv.PGqvv.d:opo
nmp@
G}H: vvrvvJ nvv?nvv#n
0vv.OvvmE vv/Q18vv-,hGOvv9vvcvv.P
n1vv-hGOvv9vvcvv.f1vv-kvv00nvvcrvvVpvv$ovv-o
#v)+vKGG v$v.qvmE/Gu,h/0ov(rv?qv1v-E/Gu,hqvJtv.fG v!
6v-obv(vJDvPv)^
nv(8v-,
k#b.&n
-ohCn
bn
.Pngo,hD
nlp_n
-ohnbn
Vn$n-o,k!%0o!
n38
Ob.InG $LCI!
hqvvv.d0vvv.Ovvvm:oponmpEGrvvv2vvv.Ql#vvv(vvv-bvvv)ED
rvvvPvvv.fpG vvv!6vvv-p
E n
1r-p,hnbn!n
1r-pCf0orn
.1p"nEDr
Pn
.&n
-o1. S7
ur
Lh 1Q1. $ncr
Vp17@
opop:G v!6v-oQn1
8v2@kv1v.Ovm
o0ovHrv2pvLo
bv)kpvcrv"pG v!
6v-pQ1
8v-1v-,h/0vL0vJo
1vunv!pv$nv7pzQ1v2yO
nv18vJngobvM0vMn#pvVrvLn,R
nhrLn8v!vvG v$vLCIvvvvtv$v.qv.d1vcvZG v$vlvPvL0v)
vvvvkvv00nvv!vv1vvso
1vv1vv.OvvmnCf0vvrvv.dnbvv)b
nvvM0vvMp#pvvVrvvLnOvv1vvJngo:opop,h/0vv!vv1vvs
Cf0nv?rvcnv!
nv-oQ1qv.
k v-,Cj:Ov1qvJG
k v-#vd>v.GR+vKGkv2G v!vfv7,$&v-bv2vJ
lQnqv1vs
lkv2
112www.alukah.net
1vv1vv:Ovv1qvvJpgp,hG vvPvv1qvvJo+vv.QH7G$o
OrvvLI@ vvuvv)/0vv!vv1vvs
o1vv1vv.Ovvm
npCf0vvrvv.dP vv@h v,vKG&
ovLn>
8vFoCf0vuv.fG v$vLGOo1vrv. v-:opop:G v!
6v-oQn1v2+v.G vKj
+nv16v#n
v2G v$vuv.fn
hG v$v(vMdn,h+v.G vKjCn
DrvP
nv)n#nv<rv.GjhEqv.#v9v2,h+v.G vKjC
n&rvcnv%n
bvvv!vvv2q1vvv,vvvKgG vvv(8vvvcnvvv%@hb
nvvv!vvv26#vvvrvvv.1vvv"n+vvvKGCfCn
qvvv.en1vvvSovvvurvvvLpG vvv!
6vvv-pbvvv!vvv/E&
rvvvcvvv.#vvv-
hEDvPv.&v-,h/0v?v.RoCn
fr
Cqv.1v"n+vKG1v. v$nvcv.Uv2,Efr
knvcnv!rv:oP vvCtv.f
ov̂. v$v.
k,
hG v_v. v$v.f/0ovlrv!pvEv.f@@@8v.1vd
nG$Ho:+vKG+v.G v9v2vL0vLoG)0v$v.&v27 pvcnvJn
ep
hqv.Yp
0v.Ovmnp1v. vlv.DpvS
nv7,h+v.0vEv.hd
oEqv(v.Yn8v!vvG v$vLCIpG v$ov9nv,v. pvu
nv7pt
nv2r8v9v.q
6vmn
bv)kpvcrv"pG vlv.DpvS
nv7n
,h vuv) v%0v(vlnvdr#vcv,v.+vKGG vuv0eo,kv(f
6Rnv,rv.n8v,v.+v2G v9v2
envv!nvv2nvv:
rbvv!vv1vv,vv.,k
nvv#n
rvvfnvv:r
8vvlvvuvv1vvLn+vv.,hCn
brvv$nvv:
r1vvVvvL+vv.,h#vv%Jb
nvv!nvv1rvv,vv.Dvv1vv.8nvv,vv.,
hn+7$,.G .D1Jo+.kpc
r"oG l.DS7p#dk9.+.(1)@
G}e:&vv9vv.1vvdo
8vv0hIn
G!0vv.JpG vv9vv21nvvJnCr
&vv.1vv,vv.qvvVqvv7
nG vv1vv.e,h&vvEvv.hd
ohXrvvdn
bvvv(vvv.Gf vvv,vvv.@Ovvv.OnG vvvV6vvv$rvvv:
o$pn
f6
G vvv?nvvv$vvv1vvvd
ntvvv.&vvv.G0nvvvrrvvvLChfG!0vvv.Jp1pvvvV
nvvv$rvvv:m,
kv. vrpvLGAIo
G vVqv.#pv9
nv7o
8ovcpv1rv)obv!v/Epb
rv$v.dpG vcnvrrv"phG v96vlnvu
7vLpC
ntrv<nvLn#pv)nG vrpvLGAnIpG v?
nv,rvLp06v7p@1n
cr
Jn
qn
!1"m
q.dO.#2:G co(.Gf
o+.z0.Om
obp(JG $pV
rLpjqy@
G}e:UE1Fl@h u(6-&.qW
l@
F}+{:zG cM0Mo092(q/0.O
omn,hG !
6-o0oc
n!8
$o-y@
G}e:+vKGC0vYv.k
UvEv1vFl,h vuv(qv-obv(v.Gf
l[v.0v"lh&v.qpvW
l,kv!v%0vJGv"kv1v-#oLGhnOnI
oGt
#LCIpG cM0Mp p1o.O
omn
b)&lP-@
CI}O:zqJQ0.Oo
my!
G}e:+KGUE1FC0Y.k
@@@@(h u)6G$Hnq.[n
cn,.q.F0
k:
G}H:#.QC0uo
%o1co(.Gf:z0.O
omo
k2Qpb.07Guy?!
On
un
9o.GhqJC
nbr
?n
2n,%+KGG c(.Gf
o@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U118.
113www.alukah.net
G}e:1v. vlpvcv"+vKGG vcv(v.Gfo
0nvSrv$ov"oCDvJGK
nG vrpvVv7p#v(vK
o1pvJG0v7pG vP
7v.QIpE v/&p,.0n9p,.@hnt
n#n
f6
0.Omnp0n9n(nr
6"ok2Qpb.07pG !6
-p#p)r#nLD!7mE /#nLr
Dn!n
7@
hGOvvv9vvv#&nvvvlnvvv:pG$
oe7G vvvuvvv0en:#vvv.G vvv$vvvrvvvVvvv.Oo1vvvuvvv!vvv$vvv7pzG$QVpykvvv2G!0vvv7p
G E.O07phG cSLp0)?
&nvvvvvv_nvvvvvvLhGkvvvvvv2G!0vvvvvv7phnq
nvvvvvvLnChGkvvvvvv2C
n&rvvvvvvlovvvvvvPpvvvvvv,vvvvvv%oXWVU
\p@
F}+{:G uLIo
G$QXp167o
!
Svv9|vv,: vv$vv.PG?h+vv"Onvv.k
nvvLnOvv18vvJo&vv.0vv.O
ovvmoE vv/tvv"
8G$QVp?C&vv.C
nbrvv9nvvrpvvJ
o
Cn
f6
G $nrr
V.On1,Kpg+.#VLo
kr]@
G}e:+vKGUvEv1vF@kv$pvVvLo+v2G v2nv!nvJo
G vKjbv.Tkv1v-Ov1vJo&v.0v.Oovm
o#ov(vKo
RpLGApG cM0Mp -D9q/hk.8p-p;h+(.c#nu
6)nG !-o
n-ohCbM
qgohn&n
Vn
Lngo@
[n
Ln
Dn
:pG$oe7O
o&G n
,.:#.+2QnCr
0puo
%rC+JGao+KgG!0.Jp?
CIv}vO:Ep&qvv,vv.8
nvv,vvJpa pvv9vvcvv!vv1vv$pvv(vv.Cf
6Gu0nvvl
rvvcnvv"o#vv.0nvvSvv.A,h/QGO6 pvvE
ovvurvv$pvv-p,
hC&q
-/0oYp1rdoC
n>r
LnG $oE
rPp(1)@
vvvv+MqG$
n1n.GfpQC
rOn1r,$.G
tOr
9pEP.&.k
@
Fvv}vv+vv{:C0vvYvv.k
8vv,vvJpao pvv9nvvcrvv!pvv1vv$pvv(vv.G vvV
6vv2vvLnG vv?nvv$vv1vv",hG vv<
qvv2vv.Jnbvv!vv/G vv$ovvcvv9vvrnvvJp
G vvvV6vvvEvvv1vvvF
p,hG/p
t1rvvv9vvvcvvv.Opb
nvvv)pG vvvL6P0vvv!nvvv7p,#vvv,vvv$vvv.tvvv.&vvv:G vvv$vvvVvvv.bvvv3hG vvv$vvvSvvvrvvv.J
hG $fL0.J@
vvvvGp1r
9n
Pn%nG$
n1n.GfOLhQG
k@
Svv9|vv,:C/&nvvrvv.doE&
6vv,vv.8
ovvcnvv!
8vv$ovv(vv.G vvV
6vv2rvvLn,hntnvv1rvvm
n0vvuvv.fo
[vvL0vvsG vv(6vv?vv.Mp
#vvdn
G $oE.kn
_n
7pb!/G 96.GXo
dp
,hG cl.pbp(Jn
G $nrJQIp!
G}<v(Gfp:Cn
DrvP
nv(rv9ov%>v$v1vcv.k
@tov!7vuv%#ovVpv1v2v.f
nkv2E>v.1v.8pvuv%,&vEv)okvHv.QGfp
1pu%o@
114www.alukah.net
G}H:#vv.QC0ovvuvv%,+vv"&vv9vv.1pvvdoG vvrvvLGAI,Dvv9vv/&vv9vv$vvuvv)#vv)Ovv$vv.bvv,vv.tvv!
qvv,vv.
q2"G (.e?
G}e:/, vv)&ovv9vv.1pvvc
nvv,vv.tvv!6vv,vv.G vv1vv.e,kvv,vv2#vv.RG vv:
r[vv.0vv!vv7
k,hCDvvJG;
ovv,vv.
t<1LIl@
G}h:O:DP(.k
@
G}e:+"8KtLhfn
C0)hU!r
(.?
CIvv}vvO: vvrvvJhUvv!vv(vv.E vv/G!0vv7G vvLG1vvcvv7hG vvcvvSvvL0vv)ohgfe
dcba56781234=>?@ywp@
;#vdG v$v0Dv_v7G v(vEv.0v7+v2:oedcba56p@@@@ v./
DvvLaG#vv9vv(vv.Y vv.>vv.O,Cj:G#vv9vv(vvdDvvVvv.dG vv,vv%q vv.>vv.O1vvL+vv.fQ1qvv-,hOvv#8vvLc
hG Jt%0SLD,. u%1. 9lV1"@
G}H:hG6*v?oedcba56}8vrvJq
eG v9vcv!v1v"G)0v$v.&v2G vvcvv_vv1vv%,G vvKj#nvv(nvvcnvv-o#vv)G vv,nvv%q1vv,vv.,E&vv-1vvL+vv.f
oQ18vv-,kvv!vv./1
ovvL+vv.fo
Q1qvv- vv,vv%q
1vv,vv.,Cj: vv./h>vv.Oo1vvL+vv.fpQ18vv-ph+vv.qvv.IoG)0vv$vv.fpkvv2q
nvv!rvv2pvv-,hqvv.qIo#vvLGq
nvv2vv9pvv-p
pvvLn
18vv-,hn0nvvrvv1vv(ovv-oCf
6G vv!
6vv-n0vvLGgoh0nvv\
6vv!pvvdo
bvv!vv1vv-C0vv(vv$vv.tvv.f,kvvuvv1vvm0nvvPrvv9nvv?vv1vv3
o vv(vvJGApG vS
6v,rv.nIpkv1v-#vd1
ovLr+v.fpQ18v-kv2q
nv!rv2pv-?ht
nv1rvm
n0vL8nvupv3oG vlv.DpvSv7
nh+v.0ov.qpv)oCfG v!
6v-n
0nLnGg?
C0vv,vv$vv.Cqvv.i&vvJGAoG vvSvv,vv.IpCel+vv9vv.aoG)0vv$vv.fphG/b
rvv9pvvVvv.e?/RvvvCf
G v<v.&v2+v.G vKjtv.f#ovPnv1rv\vLG
kbv!v/t
nv1v.f0v.Ovmkv2 vEv_v.JG/#v9vEv.fG vL+v1v2v7p
G vvSvvJ0vvJIp,kvv#Gvvlvv/G)0vv$vv.fo
&vvJGAnG vvSvv,rvv.nI@hG vvLG>pvvFoCfq
nvv.rdnG vv!
6vv,vvs8vvcvv. vv/:
ohgfedcba56p>$!9.f#(lV!9.f:
G}hyvv):ohgfph+vvv28ovvvHrvvv2pvvvL
obvvv)+nvvv%qG#vvvLCIpG vvvcvvvM0vvvMp1vvv-+nvvv%8
G l.DpS7,h+?.#n,.b!1-, p9o
ur
Lp+n-ob!/#c.Rn
Ln
8p,.1.)tLGg@
115www.alukah.net
GyvvvvvDvvvvv9!vvvvv+vvvvv?:oedcba56pkvvvvvv. vvvvvv.Ghkvvvvvv1vvvvvv,vvvvvv.DvvvvvvLa
GO9,(.a,h 1P:DLab\m@h#.1cJ+.>$!7GO9,(.k17RL[17>J0JI@
h>v$v!v7oedp>v.GHG vSvLWo5p#vrvJqebv!v1v,v.@h0v?v.R8vrvJ0v%>vvv.GHo5pG vvvSvvvL[vvv1vvv7bvvv(vvvJkvvvL0vvvs#vvv)G vvv(vvvEvvv.0vvv1vvv)vvvv1vvv1vvv(vvv$vvv.kvvvL0vvvsBGvvvL#vvv)G (E.01)/0?1M8rJ0$-b!1,.vvvvh&E)(1)#d#)0?1MP v@
ho5pDvvvLaG#vvv9vvv(vvv.Y vvv.>vvv.O@8vvvrvvvLQG#vvv9vvv(vvv.Yhqvvv.Y>vvv.G1vvv,vvv. vvv.>vvv.Okc!,.@
h{ba56}+2kc"G SLW@
h8vvrvvJ0vvLG vv?vv$vv!vv7+vvuvvKG: vv./QD0vv7o
0vv.Ovvmn
1ovvLr+vv.f
nQn18vv- vv,vv%61vv. vv$vvLCI+nvv%q
G l.DS7phGO9?.Hn ,.@
EPf:+$q:+21-+%qG l.DS7,h+KgEOG&7 ,.@
C#v.+v.kv(&v- v%0nv,ov%61v,v.#ov\rv!nvrv.k
,h v%0nv$pv"rE v1v,v.h/E v/#vcv.RnvLn8pv,v.h v.
qvv!vv1vv0k
,h1nvvrpvv2n#ovvPrvv9nvvcvv1vvKG
k1vv.u,#ovvP
rvv9nvvcrvvVpvv$vv.k
bvvlvv1vvlvv.k
,hG vvKjbnvvV
nvv$nvv-+ovv.G vv!6vv-o,kvv1vv$vv.
qn
J6
en -#)G 2oLr+.f,hq.qik2q
n!r
2p-p#)G)0$.f!!
h1vvcvvJCf&nvvlnvv:rG!0vv7
obvv)0vv.Ovvm
nG vv,vv%61pvv.#vvLCIpG vvcvvM0vvMp,hnQnOnkvv1vv,vv.qvv. ovv-o
8c. /:o781234=>?p@
EfG vv!6vv-nUvvLanbvv)0vv.Ovvm
nG vv,nvv%61vv.#vvLCIpG vvcvvM0vvMp,hCn
Grvvlnvv:nG vv!
6vv-okvv2tvv1vv.&vv-
&vvv.GRYG vvv9vvvlvvvuvvv1vvvL1vvv. vvvlvvv.DvvvSvvv7,hCn
1rvvvcnvvvJ
ngobvvv)Pp+rvvv(pvvv-,hP vvvv vvv1vvvVvvvLpanbvvv(vvv-G vvvPvvv.An
hG vlvEvSv.An,hn pv1ov(nvM8+nv-obv)#ovrnv.Qnkv7pG vlv.DpvS
nv7p,hn pv1
ov2rvrpv1nv-o[v.+vLG
kbvlv1vlv.
k,$f
q+vKG#v)
v.GRep
G v(v2v.Ip,h+v.Ov1rv2vcnv<ov-o&v2v1v.
k,kv01
ovJ6
Cf0nvErvlnv_nv-rbv)G vPv.AphG vlvEvSv.ApDv9v/
qn
2"nG (2.I@
(1)G Jt9.QU0MG H. Jj@
116www.alukah.net
;vv%qEfq
Gutvv.kvv#g1vvK vvvhUvvLabvv(vv-G vvPvv.AnhG vvlvvEvvSvv.An,$&vv-#vv)bvv2vv.Og
G $H!V1)@
{?}kvv2G!0vv7GOvv%#vvlvvcvv.d,Cn
jr:Cfq
Gu+vv.G vvKjGOvv9vvHvv!nvvVnvv-o
hGU\n
l.go#)11r)pO.FLG (.S@
h[vv. vv$vv.CfG vv!6vv-nGOvv9vvHvv!
nvvVnvv-o,h>vvcvv!
nvv-o#vv)bvv2vv.OpgpG vv$ovvH
rvv!vvV
nvv1vv),kvv01ovvJ
6Cf
0nvPrv9nvcrvVpv%nh0vPv9vcv1vK
n1v.u,h/1vJCf0ov(nvM6gnbv)G v,nv%61v. v$vLCIp,#v?vLqOn+nv%q,h/1vJ
Cf0vv(vv9vvVvvLkvv2+vvKGG/#vv9vvEvv.fG vvL+vv1vv3,G vvKj0vvLOvv3kvv1vv-tvv<vv1vvL#vv)G vv(vv.S,
h/1Jq
Cf0P9c!2b!/+KgG l9(7G 928VLYt<1LGk
#)G (.S@
h vrvJG&v9v,v/#vSv,vJoG vlv9v(v7phG v$vLGhOIphG)evLGAphG vJbv.IpG vfv!v1v_v7G v?v.+pvLnI,
1.&9V.Q0.OmG c_1%(1)@
h1vcvJ+vKGG vSvLMG v$vlvVv"#v)G v.G vJOnvLqG$h/O,$fGuNb
nvVnv%n
0.OmphGU\l.g#)G $H!V1)@
G}e:+"hXE:G V.QIG!f? u2&u$"G!0.J@
G}h:O:1V.JhGDJ&c%&c%&c%@
S9|,:h#.PGkc"EPGk
?
G}e:G ?.GHk2G!07G 9. 17@@@
G}H:C&v.Ov#8v!v.+v.o@9:;<%&’(!"#$-./0)*+,UV@zwp(2)@
F}+{:+(.cC l.XUc27@O#P+3)DY.QG $c?%@
G}e:/1#S@C&.CRLD,. u%@#.+2+KgG$ l.X?
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U119vvvv121.
(2)0.Om:25.
117www.alukah.net
F}+{:qn
J6
J,O1L,G l1.@
kn
P6
LnJpG$
oe7G u
n!p$.Jp,;
o%6Gt
&r
9n
_n
LnJrC
nhr/On+. p1
oln
P8
LhGG!07n
@
kvvrvv.d>vv$vv1vv": nvvrnvvJr
8vvPvv.1vvrvv.E vv/G vv2vv.Hp+vv.+vv.QH#vv(vv,vv.,h+pvv28vv!vvEvvrvv- vv9vv$vvPvvv1vv-,k
nvv$nvvM6q
nvv:r
qnvv$vv1vvV
nvv-o#vv)Gvv!vvmp^nvv,vvLpgp,hh>vvJGOvv18vvJn+vv.C
n#vv.enG vv2vv.Hp,
kn
Pn
#n
n
9r-#.+2br.17
oG Kj0L0J
oG$Pi1p#+!pv
n?Gt
Or
?o(r-oChb
nK8
1r-obKG1.
kC 1$.
k@
tvvv.f+vvvKG8vvvlvvvPvvv1vvvLGk
DnvvvLrkpvvv1vvv.
k pvvv"0nvvv7p,kvvv#QGOJpG$e7E0vvvYvvv.Mn1vvvcvvvZpG$#vvv.Q:
bv(vJ#v.[nv!nv2nv:pG
t#rvLnCnIo
G vcvM0vMp#pv)r0v.Oovm
npGt
Qr8vuv.Hnkv.DvSv7G vM&v.hnQnknvZn+v.
Gnv.rkv.
k#pv)nG v!
6v-p,C
nUnvL6Jrbv!v/[
nv!nv2pv,v.,k
nv,nvLnHn#pv(
rv,v.E v/G v2v.Hp,k
nvLnt
nvYnv:r
Gnv!rvlnv-o
8ovvL0vvJoG)p#vvPvv.c
n1pvv-p,k
nvv!nvv%r8
nvvPrvv9nvv\pvvd
rE/q
G)#rvvPvv.cn
1vvrnvv$vv1vvVpvv-p#pvv)nG vvH
nvv!rvvmp,k
nvv$nvvMnq
nvv9rvv-o@
knvv9nvvF
n0vv.Oovvm
oG vv2vv.Hn pvv1nvvHrvvLoLn,k
nvv.n>
nvvJn
Rn
hr>nvv,vv.C#vv.#nvv-0ovvL0vvJoG vvJGvv.dn,hO
ovvLrbvv.fn
#vv.hG>
nvvv,nvvv9rvvv-oRn
hr>nvvv9ovvv-o1vvv(p vvvrvvv.ApG vvv9
7vvv,rvvv$nvvv7pG vvvS6vvv(vvv1vvvcnvvv7pbvvv!vvv/0vvv.O
ovvvmn,hG
tO6bnvvv:
rC&6vvv-0vvvEvvv.hpd
o
EeLGAn+. plpcr"pG l.DpS
n7p,h[.
n2n
:rR
nhr>n,.1pE
n2r
Qp0.Oo
mnh#c.q
n2n
9p-p@
S9|,:h u)q0.Oo
mo
1n
LpjAl@E&,.t.P17l
@
G}eq:Cn
>n"r,hn
nup)r#n)r0n9n?
nLqCo
Cn
fr
0nr.dnE&,.t.Pp17h+2Rn
hr>n
7o
G cn
M0Mp?
CI}O:h#.PGq.d0.Oo
mo?(1)(2)(3)
Fv}v+v{:qnvv2rvv"C
nfr
&nvvcrvvLpan+vvKG
nvvJn
j6Oovv&Gd
lCn
Gvv.aoCn
fr
0nvvYpvv1vvdn#vvuvv.&
ovv-o@>vv.Akvv2
G!07pG 92&o
ln
P8
Lo+.o&’phC&:8r. 1):zh>JGR
nhr>n,.y@k!$.PG?
G}e:kvvv2G vvvcovvvVvvv.QpG vvvrnvvvJ0vvv$vvv7phDvvv9qvvv/G vvv1nvvv.ren,tvvv.ftvvv<vvv1vvvLl#pvvv)nG vvvS7vvvcvvv.Hp
0nvvvcrvvv9nvvvrpvvvJhfn
Cn
f6
G vvvL6>vvv"+ovvv.nOnvvv18vvvJR
nhr>nvvv9pvvv-p,htvvv.&vvv:G vvv$nvvvLCIo8
ovvv(vvv.OjRh>
nvvv,vvv.z0vvv.Ovv1qvvJjy,h/1vv#S1vv,vvKG,kvv,vv.Ovv18vvJlh+vv2Ovv18vvJIl@h+vv(vv.c#nvv)r0vvrvv.doE&
6vv-oQnH7
(1)qJq
J:q\c:@(2)Oo1oL:G!m@(3)C l1.:h>JG@
118www.alukah.net
G vv2nvv1rvv:ph+vv2Qn16vv7o
G vv2nvv1rvv:p;hnQo1qvv$vv.tvv.f8nvvcrvv2vv1vvLG
k1pvvJGFpvv1
qvv.k
bnvv)rt
nvv!pvv$nvv7p(G vvrpvv.G#vv7)h+vv2
G vvv.p/0vvv7o
ChG vvv$nvvvPrvvv&oh pvvv1
6vvv7o
,hG vvvJq0vvv)oG)Orvvv0#pvvv2qb
nvvvM6Rn+vvvKpgG vvvrpvvv.G#nvvv7p,kvvv2G vvvrovvvLBfp
G vvvuvvvL0vvv%p
1vvvrvvv. pvvv-p:oMNOPIJKL56
781234=>?@9
:;<%&’(!"#
$-./0)*+,@yxp(1)@
G}H:+nvv"r+vvKG0nvvcrvv(vv2Cfq
qpvv.G#nvv7n
G vvL6>ovv"p8vvMohd
obnvv)pG vv$vvLCIpEPGG
nvvLn>
nvv:r
E v/G vcnv$nv"p,hUv.QJr8nvurvPpv3
o#v.0ovfrv(pv1rv,v.bv$qv.8
nv#r
GovKogo#pv)rR
nhr>pv,v.,k
nv9ovV
rv2pvFn+v2
G r18$7n
b!1-?
G}e: pvvuovv"
8E&vvPvv.fmOhQogkvv2+vvKgG vvEvv1vv.Ip,h#vv.G vv$vv.doE/hnOvv1vv!
nvv7l
pvv9nvv.rkpvv1vvLp
G vEv.>pv1qv.JphG v$ovP
rv9nv!vMn#v.Jp,hn pv9nvPrv,v1v"pG vEv1v.Ip,h v1vQ
n+v.G vEv1v.In&nvlrvPnv,v.,hnt
ov"7
E&vvPvv.fm0vvPvv9vv\vv1vvdoG vvEvvVvv.dnbvv!vv/G vv$vv.dp,h vvuvv)r+vv(vv.cCRvv1vv.AoCGvvLi/0ovv$vvupvv)o
pv*p&rvPv.fpG vEvVv.dobv!v1v,v.,EPG v%0ov?
nv,8vMrgoG v!6v-o1v. vcv.G#pv"pG v$ovPv.bpvJ
nIp@kv. vL6>
ov"o/
0vvPvv9vv\vv1vvdoCf
r0nvvEpvv"6#nvvE
nvv"8
G vv$nvvLCnIpkvv2EpOGQIpR
ovv&hfpG vv2nvv1rvv:phn8
nvvLr1pvv1
nvv7pG$n
1rvv(vv.Ap,#vv,vv$vv.
t.fbp(rJngo#p)rD
n(.fm,h#,$.>.+nJn
k2On
21"pP v@
htvvK vvvG vv$nvvLCIo/0ovv$vvupvv(ovv,vv.C
nfr
8nvvrvv.en#nvvrvv.enG vvL6>
ovv"pkvv2tovv"
8Cbvv$vv. pvv-p,kvv. vv!
6vv-o
Oov2rvEv.&
nv-oh8vcv. v/Cbv\v/ pvu
ov"
5#pv)nG v$nvLC
nIphG vL6>
ov"p#ov.GUnvlv.Jm#ov$nv16vMI pvu
ov"
5#v(v,v$v.,
hn nv.pG
tkrv9nvLnX
rv(v.C
nf6
G v2nv1rv:n+v.G vJ6hr
nv7o
,kv. vL6>ov"o+v.QFv1vP
ov,v.,hG v$vLCI8ov$v<
8v"hRGQI
G vJGGpv!v16v7,h/8vPv9vfv(v2G vJ6hr v7
oE[v0qv.
kbnv)rCj
5#pv)nG v$nvLtnvMn0rv)p,hE/
qDnvJ
nKn v,v.
G vv$nvvHvv.[pvvLoG vv$ovv$vv1vv9nvv7
o,htvv$vv.qvv.dCDvvJG vvlvv0Ovvlvv7:G vv$vvLCIohG vvL>vv"otvv\vv.FvvLmPj
>n(.D
n1)p/0P9f(2Ep[0q.k
b)Cj5#(,$.@
CIvvvv}vvvvO:&nvvvvcovvvv.OoE vvvv/G vvvvP
7vvvv&GdpG vvvvKj[nvvvvLnD
rvvvv9ovvvv-o#ovvvv(rvvvvKo
qvvvv!vvvv1vvvv"m
,#vvvv.PGqvvvv.d
0.Oo
mop@
(1)G (P.A:34.
119www.alukah.net
G}e: v$qv.G86v,v$nv:rR
nhr>v7
oG vcvM0vMpz0v.O
ovmnyp1v$ovLGhnOn8pv,v.b
nv)r&nvlrvPpv,v.,
OGkvvdbvv)&vvlvvPvv-qvv.Fvv0k
:oXQRSp(1)@@@1vv. vv\6vv2rvvd
pG vvcvvM0vvMo0vvcvvLpao
0v.Oovm
n>v18vJG
k,hn0nvcrv!
nv%o#v.8
nv(rv\nv.jbv!v1v-p&
nvlrvPov-o#pv)1
nvLGAnImh[nv,v.QnIm,h vuv(6v-o1v. v$ovrv.1pv"p
/0nvvPrvv9nvv\vv1vvd
oCfr
0ovvunvvK
8HnR
nhr>nvv9nvv-ohn0ovvV
nvvJ8
bn
G vvcnvv2rvvJn,knvv!nvv%r0nvv(rvv2nvvQ
r1pvv2pvv(rvv:pR
nvvlnvv7m,tvv.f
tvvv. vvv$nvvvVrvvvcvvv.bp,k
nvvv9nvvv.n>
6vvv-nE vvv/#ovvvPrvvv9nvvvSvvv.Qm
nvvv-o,hnG
tOrvvv9nvvvl
rvvv9vvv.gokvvv2G vvvrnvvvYpvvv1
6vvv7p,htvvv.f+vvvKGG vv$ovvP
rvv9nvvSvv.QDvvuvv1vv$vv.k
,knvv!nvv%r0ovvcrvv]pQnC
r0nvv-o#ovv2vv.R
nvvLnI
k,kvv,vv.C0vvYvv.
k0nvvcrvv!
nvv%o#pvv)rC
o#vv.QpG#vvLCI
G vcvM0vM,h vuv(6v-oCbv\v.goG vrv.bpvJIn
G v9v20nv?pv3oCf0nvPpv1vL
nbv!v1v,v. pv1
nvVpv"nE v/G vEnvrv1vrnv7p
oWXQRST]^_‘YZ[\EFGHA@{wBCDMNOPIJK@|wp(2)@
8v.1vcv:pG$e7:h v$qv.&nv_nvLnzG vcnvM0vMoykv2qv$v1vWp0v.O
ovmnhn>
nvJn
go#nvrrv\v.bv.k
#pv)n
G vvvvHnvvvv!rvvvvmp,k
nvvvvcnvvvv!pvvvv%nCf
6Rn
hr>nvvvv9nvvvv-otvvvv.P1vvvv7
l,hnC
n&6vvvv,vvvv.8
nvvvvlrvvvv9nvvvvLjbvvvv!vvvv/0vvvv.O
ovvvvmn,hn
nvvvvupvvvv(
6vvvv-o
/0nvvPrvv9nvv\pvv1vvd
oCn
fr
0ovv.n18vvHnvv,vv.C
nhr0ovv&n&
8vv2nvv,vv.,G
nvv.rkvv.
k#pvv)nG vvl
nvvYvv1vvEvv7p,kvv,vv.bvvM0vvM#vvVvvL;
G vL6>ov"oG v<
6vLpj7G vKj0nvcpv1
rvTo
kv2qnvVrvLpgpG vu
nv<v1vLo#pv)nG vH
nvJn
ep
hG vcnv2v1vJp,knv,nv"r0nvl
rvYnvFo
&n
lr
Pn-o?
EPGknvcnv"n+vKGkv(f
q#nvLrt
nvMngoO
nv1nv(rv,v.Qo,hnOnv1ovV
rv2pvFoC
oXvEv.t
nv7n
G v(qv.Sp@ v,vKGqv.d
pvvvvvMnhr>
nvvvvv9pvvvvv-p:oxwvutsp(3)@;ovvvvv%6&
nvvvvv_nvvvvvLnE vvvvv/0vvvvv.O
ovvvvvmn
hqvvvvvv.d:orqpop(4),;ovvvvvv%6G vvvvvv9nvvvvvvl
nvvvvvv:
nE vvvvvv/Rn
hr>nvvvvvv9pvvvvvv-phqvvvvvv.d:
onmlkjip(5)@
G}H:h vvuvv)6G vvEnvvrvv1vvrvv7
n/8
nvvYvv1vvd
oC1vvJGk
@knvv$vv,vv$vv.Dvv.hdG)&
rvvPvv.f
oEGvvlvv.An
(1)0.Om:26.
(2)0.Om:26vvvv27.
(3)0.Om:29.
(4)0.Om:29.
(5)0.Om:29.
120www.alukah.net
Dvvrvv1vvrvv7m#vv.,h#vv,vv$vv.hoXpvvdn
kvv2Onvv2vv1vv"pb
nvvJn
ep
G vvcovv<vv.Qpbvv!vv1vv,vv.#pvv)rbvvLGqvv1vv"nhDvv.G>pvvMn,
k01o
J6
Cn
fr
8n
_r
,nLn0n.r#.
k#.1pS
nur
"m
hGXpFm
@
Onv$pvd
nG v(qv.Sokv2G v$nvJ0v(nv7p#v.DnvV
nv"nkv21nv1rv:pG vcnvM0vMp,hUv.QG vH
nv2nvLo0nv9nv(nvr6v"o
#pvvv)r1nvvv1rvvv:mE vvv/1
nvvv1rvvv:m,hn#pvvv)rRvvv.QpYmE vvv/Rvvv.QY@@@hnt
ovvv!qvvv$vvv.8
nvvvJGhn
nvvv-oG vvv(qvvv.Sot
nvvv2ovvvLn
hnbnv_ov%n,hn^
nv,nvLnJrO&v.AIG v$vLCIhGvPv9v,v.,Dv9qv/bv.OhnhnU
nv"nE v/CoPo
&nv2rG vcvM0vMp,
G KjqL6QnEpO
ru.JnG (.Sp1pS
nur
"m
/0o,p1r(o-o,h/0orn!
8"o#p)rR
n#&p-p@
Svv9|vv,:htnvvv1rvvvm
nbnvvvLnanG vvv(qvvv.So,#vvv.OGenG vvvcvvvM0vvvMoC
n#nvvvLn0vvv.O
ovvvmn
1vvv. vvvP7vvvuvvv.Jp
hn&pPr1.fp#.>Li,hn
n%r0nl
rYn
FrR
nhr>n
9n-o,h1. 9#t1Jp+. %0oKpYp
G H2n
Ln?
G}H: nvvvrnvvvJr&
nvvvPpvvv1
rvvv:nG vvvH
nvvvJn
enhG vvvcnvvv2vvv1vvvJn@kvvv,vvvKpgpG vvvlpvvv,nvvv7o
#pvvv)nG vvv(qvvv.Sp#vvv,vvv$vvv.C^rv,vLnJr#pv)nG)pG
rv0Up pvP
nv18vJp+v.,kv(&6v,v./0ov$rvupv)oC
nfr
0ov&#nv)n>v.&pv2ov,v.8v$v.#v.
k@ vrvJ
Uvv.QhG0nvv9nvvEnvvJ
6;vv.f
n#nvvdnC
nUrvvEvv.1pvv,pvv%r#pvv)nG vvcvv2vv1vvJphG vv?
nvv.GQjkvv2G vvrovvVvv.QpG$o
GrvvLi
bpvv(rvvJn
G vv.oRnQGA,G vvK0vv)qvvJ8ovv.r>
nvvJo
1nvv1rvv(nvv,ovv%#ovv(vv.k
nvvPvv.JlOpvv1vv.Opvv1
6vv7l
,qnvvJr
8nvvVpvv"oE vv/DvvJ
8
G vvEpvvrrvvJphG vvuvvLG+vv1vv7p@h vvuvv)q#vv.>
nvvcnvv"nG vvrnvvYpvv16vv7n
8nvv9nvvY
nvvH
6vv%oE vv/+vvKGG vvEvvJ
8G vvuvv0eo
G vvKjtvv.f0nvv9vvLO6Oo1nvv1rvv)n1
nvvcvvZpG vv(8vvPrvv.IpP
nhGJpG
t vv(7vvlvv.Pp,#pvv<vv1vv0JpR
nhr>nvv7pG vvcvvM0vvMp,
h+vv)qUvv.Dpvv2vv.8vv,vv.G vv!qvv.G8vv20vvJ6bvv1vv)n#nvvE
nvv26vv9nvv,vv.ohgfedcba65872143>=@uxp(1),UpvvvvvL
rfn
0nvPrvH
nvLrf
n#pv(rv,v.$p
n&6v,v.C
nDnv26v:
rGv.Op#nv,v.hn
nv1rvQ
n$p&6v,v.G
nv.&nv:rR
nh>nv,v.,hn+vKG0nvE
rvJo
Ko
bpv(vJ#v.0ovlrvrnvJo
G v.GRpYo(2)G vJ
80v(pv27,kv.$bvLGaohG v9vrv. v1vJoG vH
ov!ovrpv1
6v7o
qvJ8nv9nvfnv16vLoEPG
nv%r
8n
Lr
8n
2p]r
1. Jq0)p@
F}+{:[2c.k
,G u0eohnUn"E /C
oPo
&n
2rGt
#rLnCnIpG cM0Mp@k$.PGk
nc!:
r?
G}H: p%n/8n
rr
LnCo
G ?n.GHnk2G roLBf?
Fvvv}vvv+vvv{:svvv9d@vvvgvvv9yvvv):o@?:9<;&%
(1)0.Om:30.
(2)G .GRY:G LGOY,G $.&d@
121www.alukah.net
(’"!$#.-0/*p(1)o),+VUXWRQTS^]po‘_ZY\[FEHGBADCNMPOJ@wxp(2)@
G}eq:+"kn
,p$r:n?
Fvvv}vvv+vvv{: vvv./Cfq
+vvvKGG vvvuvvv0enUvvv.OpQl
bnvvv)pG vvv!
6vvv-pO
ovvv2rvvvEvvv.&nvvv-h8vvvcvvv. vvv/
nvvv$nvvv.
UnvvJ
6qrvv9ovv-o,q
nvvJr0ovvV
nvvJ8
bo
G)&rvvPvv.f
oCn
&qvv,vv.Onb
nvv9rvv,ovv)qE vv/1nvv1rvv9pvv,vv., pvv9
ovvcnvvL8
knvv,ovv)6bvv!vv/G vvS
qvv.H
8
G vvvKjQGhnOn8rvvv-b
nvvv)r&nvvvlrvvvPpvvv-p,kvvv,vvv2G
t#rvvvLCIlGOvvv9vvvEvvv.Pbvvv!vvv1vvv,vvv.G vvvS
6vvv1rvvv\vvv.f,hnR
n06vvv)n vvv,vvv.Gnv\pv1
rv,nv9nv,v.,h vupv)rCfr
8nvcrv9nvLpanC
n&qv-Qnk
nvZn#ov\v.hnb
nv9nv,v.,hn8nv\rv!ov3n#pv(
rv,ov)6#ovPv.b
nvJn
8nv,v.kv2
8nv!rv1pv1rv)pb
nvrrv!pv-phn8
nvfrv1pv1rvLpQC0pv-p,hn8
ov,nvJqOngC#v.#nv,ov)61v. vP
6v?rv)pEPG v%0ov(nvl
8vKQne
rv2nv9nv,v.kv,vKG#v.
/0oVn
J6
bo
@C ,KpgpG J6
Qn>n
7p1n!n
gn
1,.G/t
&r
E0do
G Ho!o
rp2q?!
G}eq:GyW9fQo*t(d:
Ef6
G vvvvvvS6vvvvvv2vvvvvv.HnhG vvvvvvl
nvvvvvvLGZ
nhG vvvvvv?pvvvvvvJ
nI(3)#nvvvvvvl
rvvvvvvP
nvvvvvvJnIl pvvvvvv!
rvvvvvv$vvvvvvLApC
n06vvvvvv7o
#nvvvvvvlrvvvvvvP
nvvvvvvJnI(4)
hG vvv(vvvlvvvQovvvvtvvv$vvv.>vvv.Akvvv2G vvvrovvvLBfpG vvvuvvvL0vvv%
pvvvvC#6vvv.QIl1vvv. vvvPvvv.AoKN
MPOBADp(5), vvvv$vvvv.PG/8nvvvvlrvvvvcnvvvv"o+vvvvKGhC
ntrvvvv<nvvvvLn?#vvvv.G vvvvKj
0nv$rv(nvcov,v.?/Rv2An:/Op0v)nh/Gv!vs,h/Gnv.ran#v)RhL
mUv. pvF
menv1ov.Qmbv!v/
tvvLG#nvv9pvv-phnRnvvLnkpvv-p,h/b
nvv$nvv"n0nvvSrvvfnvv!ovv,vv.bvv)pG vv96vvlvvupvv1vvLpkvv2G vvSvv,vv.GJhG vv$vv!vvKGJ;
hG $.do#ncn,.t<1L
l@
F}+{:ht1mt.&:QnO6Iokpc"p0.Oo
mnp?
(1)Ct2L&-:Cb_$(-,hh>J&-#$1MGk
@(2)0.Om:31vvvv32.
(3)G ?JI:G f(/hG 1P.Q@(4)0.Om:53.
(5)G)#.eG 2.U1Lj@
122www.alukah.net
G}e:bvv(vvJ#vv.qvv. vv:pGt
#vvLCIoG vvcvvM0vvMp pvv!vv(8vvPrvv.nIpEpf
q+vvKGG vvlvv9vv/G
tOrvv9nvvcrvvV
nvv%#pvv(vv,vv.,hn+nvvJ6OnJr1pvvP
nvv?rvv(pvv-pChEQrevv.#pvv-p,QoD
rvv)n0ovvEvv.hp rvv)nEpqvv(vv.b
nvv-o pvv9nvvfrvv1pvv1rvvLpQnC0pvv-p,kvv,vv.G vvlvv9vv/
G v?v$v1v"oG vKj0ovSrv2pv-oG v$v0Fvuv7
noQTS^]phn nvupv)q0ov.O
ovmnv̂"qbv!v/
#nvvv.rqpvvvlpvvv-p,$f6
G vvv!6vvv-nQ16vvv-o0vvvEvvvL
8eo+vvvKGG vvvcvvv$vvv"nG vvvS
qvvv.Fpvvv)n(1)@EPG
k#vvv.qpvvvl
ovvv-oCqvvv.i#pvvv)r
#nv.rqpvlpv,v.,hnOGkpvcov- pv!
rv$ovEv.k
nv_nv7pbv!v/bpvl
6v9pv-pC
nbv_nv%o@ vKGObv.Q16v-oG v!
6v-nC
nfr
0nvVrvLpanb
nv(rv-o
tnvv1rvvJn+vv&/ApG vv(
8vvPrvv.nIp,#ovvl
nvvY
8vv0
kG vvP
8vv?vv)nbvv!vv/G vvH
nvv\pvv1vv,vv7poILK~}
|{zyxwvutsrq@xxp(2)@k.t
Or
9n
?.Hn -G !6
-oOb.Ango,EP>n
c"G cn
M0Mn0rnL
8QoO
n?r(n-oE /C
n>n"
men
1rLp#oPn$6/@
CIv}vO:0vv.g!E&qvv,vv.qpvvV
6vv7l
XvvHvv$vv7l
vv%Cn
Orvv$nvvd
r1pvvrpvvV
6vv7mCGvvLi8vvLhj#vv.DnvvJ
nKn
1vvuvv"q+vvKpgpG vvJ8
qvv7p1vv. vvlpvvcvv"r,C&vv.Cn
8nvvVnvv.6QoC
n&6vv(vv2C
nQiR
nvvLp0vv\vv.
kOvv1vv(pvv$vv.Fvv1vv.
k#ovv9vvEvvL
8tvv.k
,
hC8vHv16v"Cn
&v2CQiCn
1rv\v.d
n+vKpgpG vrpvV6v7pC#v.#v2@kv$v.PGDvJK1vcvJP vv?+v"1
nvrpv2n
0.Oo
mo
k2G P8
?r)p1. L
6er
%p
#p)rC&6
-o1n
LpjAl?ht%1n
rp2nk1-?
G}e:0nvvurvvlvv2+vvKGG vv1nvv.ren,kvv$vv.RGd+vv(vv.cG vvu
nvv<pvv1vvL
o#pvv)nG$DvvJGKp/0ovv$vvupvv)o
Cn
fr
&nvKr
tovLn+v.G v1nv.ren,k
nv!rv(nv9rvLot
rv,v. pv!vf
nvJpEfRv.AnGu@G
t&vPvEv3G$h/O1vcvJCfC
n rvrnv.rG
8E167G $nP.AphP+2.G !(.ep
@
N N N N N N
(1)G S.F):G $c13@(2)0.Om:33.
123www.alukah.net
124www.alukah.net
sZ?Qs~(13)S+Oo!9*(Sr
op(p,GyTqG#p)
S+O!9*(Sro
(GyOGf+?)
1nvvvcvvvJ
n&vvv,vvv.Qm[vvv.0vvv"m
C#vvvYnvvv9rvvv-oC
oOrvvvLn8
ovvv(vvv.kvvv2G
tOvvv9vvvrvvv2vvv.dpG vvvY
7vvv1vvv.aph8vvvuvvvL0vvv$pvvv,pvvv%r,
h8vEv$qv"G)Q+v.bp1v(1rvJGApG v2pvSrvLpkv2h>v.+pv,pv%,EP
r#pv)bv0#v.JpG v2ovH
rv"pC
nfr
0ov2rvJpjn
Uvv.Dpvv3oG vv2nvv1rvv:pXpvv1vvr
nvv-ohG
tOrvv9pvv1vv.Ang
okvv2ho>
ovv.OpXovv1vv.kpvv-p,k
nvvunvv1rvvm
nEPGtvv.f+vv.G vvKjObvv.+ovv% pvvE
ovvYvv.QpG vv$vv#Oo1nvv7pG vv9vv2Cqvv.#nvv,vv.?!Cn
>nvv"r vvrvvJCqvv.eG vv.G pvvJGfp#vv#Oo1vv7
kkvv.GpvvLI
k
Onbnv.nGE v1rv,v.>
nv$v1vdnC
nqv.Qp1pv,v%:G vcnvV
nv2v.Jp(1)hP
nhpjG$
nQDv.e
p(2),h1vcvZ
nG v?pv1vLGfpG v$vrnvL61v1v)C0vYv.
k,kvuv.f
nG v2nv1v:
okv2P vvG v1v.e
pOGFv%
pG vE
nvLntnv7phG vYv?v1v@
phG vl
nvLnM
p,
h v%0nvHrvLoL
pG vY
7v1v.aoE/
qbv(vJG$Uv1v"p
(3)Dv9v/0vuv.&v.Gkv21
ov1ov.8v,v%qv2v"eovLhHp
G vvSvv$vvQ,Gt
#rvv9vv<vv./k
$pn
#rvvLpQnOvv.dpGu|:zEPGvvv9fF
ovv"rvvKoGyvvzvvv+vv{p
(4)CnhrC
n|
rvvTnvv+rvvAovv~r
p
nvvwovvqwvv(GYpvv=
rvv+vv9!nvvwovv~(5),pvv{fvGyvvW
qvv+vv9_vv+vv#n@
nvv"rvvAnvvWpvvQoIvv+vv"vv8vvPm,pvv{PGP
n$nvv>nSvv9fvv?
l|pvv#nGyvvz
vvv+rvv{p
p
nvvMnvvzwvv($vv~,hnC
ni
rvvzpvvtvv(GG}
n<
rvv(GHnhGtPr
vvvQhGGt
S
rvv~nGyvvzvvv&p,pvv{f
vGyvvWvvv+rvvavv9fn:*nvvq
rvvAnvvKo<vv9<vv9
k
(1)G vcvVv2v.J:G$qv.QH#v)>v,v7G$H@zhqvJOv$v2Cqv.QHG vL>v"bvVv2v7$&v,v%0vEv1v\v.f1-D$.07h&VLIy@
(2)PhhG$QD.e:G$q.QH#)>,7G$e@(3)G$U1":+.G .q:#)CqV/G cVLE /G $fLH@(4)>(FG !1":qP%#(-,[.Fl7#(-@(5)kul.GU21.&u%:G#(c.+%#)G HLhL@
125www.alukah.net
|
ovjrvznvtv9k
,hnCn
hrvov(GspvQn<
nvwv~(1)hGtPvvQhGGSv~Gyvz
vv&p,hnL
nv}xvQhG(2)B!pv+nvA
nvwov~hG
tPvvQhGG
tS
rv~nGu
hy(Cf@ngrQp\(Gfz+%9V+r89k
,hCn
_qp8(G|n
Z9<+Jnw
o~y(3).
hOovvLbvv.f
n#vv.C
nbvv.OnG$h/OohG vv.G vvJGfp8vvL8vv1vv3
nG vv2vv1vv:ptvv$vv.tvv.f,h8vv(vv_vv1vvlnvv-o
#pv)r#ovHnv!6vlv.JpG v\
6vcv.ep
,hnCnO6hGU
nv0In
G v$nvfvLHp,h vuv(qv,v% pvSpvJ6IpEpQ+v.qpv,pv%GpO
rv9nv!rvrnv.G
bvv!vv/Cn
OpvvL6
8pvv,pvv% pvv1nvv#r
GovvKhGqpvvP
rvv\vv.k
#pvv)nG vvLqGDnvv7pq
nvv2rvv"nG vvH
ovvLhL
pG vv$ovvcrvv9vv.OpE vv/D
nvvJ0vvrnvv7p#nv(vM pv,v%, pv!v9
6v$nv97vdp
1pv,nv.GApG v!
6v1v"pG vcnv!v1v"phn#ovSv.+nvJnIpG vr
nv$nvLphG v(7v?
ov.ep
,hn#ov9v.1nvcnv7pG vrpvV6v7p
G 921n
JnCn
8r,.C
o#7,o%rC
n#Qp:qpV
67pO18Jp&.0.O
omnp@
vvvv&vv,vvYvv.G#pvv)&nvv.r#pvv,pvv%1
nvvcrvvJn
Ovv.bvv7m#pvv)nG vvM6#nvv)phn+ovv%rCtvv<vvLo&vvSvv.[vv.k
,Cn
DvvYnvvLohG
1vvcvvZnR
o>vv.>vv.JpG vvcvvVvv1vvLpG vv2vv.QpOpG vv9vv2U
nvv(nvvcovv.+vv.1vv#n
&rvvlovvPpvv,vv%kvv2G vv2vv1vv:,hnG
nvvL>vv.G
E vv/G vvEvvJ0vvrvv7p,h>nvv!vvPvv.G1vv.
t&rvv9pvv_vv.Q#nvv?pvv2AhG vvJn0rvv,vv%,hUvv.QhG0vv9vv##6vv!vv.f#nvv(rvv_
nvvLn
G vv(7vv?ovv.e
pG qvv0#pvvc
nvv7p,hn0ovv\rvv!pvvr
ovv.f
nG vv(
8vvuvv.JpG vv!
qvv\vv1vvl
nvv7pbvv)pG vv(7vv?vv.e
p@h vvuvv)qG$
nGnvv.n0rvv)p
G vvV6vvfvv1vvLn0vv)p/D
nvv_vv.Cf6
CDvv$vvJvvvvCGvv.+vv%G$tvv2vvLnvvvvRvv.QpOoG vvK
8+vv)p#nvvS
rvvfovv.doG vv2vv.dp,
kP#/go:#.1vn
R.QOG Kq
+)?Cn
0r)nC&:n?1p%n8
oln
u8
Lo?
C>vvvvv.HnCDvvvvv$vvvvvJo(#ovvvvvLr8nvvvvv2pvvvvvuvvvvv.k):/R
nvvvvv2rAn,/Rvvvvv2An,E&
8vvvvv2k
nvvvvvrnvvvvv]rC
oknvvvvvu
8vvvvvLo
kvv2G vv(7vv?vv.ep
,tvv1vvm8ovvYpvv2Ao,hnt
nvv1rvvm
n8nvv!rvv$nvvd
o,htvv1vvmn&
nvvLG+vv.h+vv21
nvvcvv1vvJIlbvv(qvv.tovv"6
G 2ocJp@
t.fG/pt
Qr8p2.co
^.+pLGk
k2t0ep
Cn
D$Jn@kr.dO.#2:
S9|,:+KGen
1rLo
UE1Fm
,82Jhhnt#&6
v#n,$.el@
Fvv}vv+vv{:Ovv.#vv2bvv!vv/Dnvvs
q,kvv#&vv:n vv%8
nvv9nvvu
nvv!6vv%r#ovvK
rGnvvLn>
rvv(vv.,kvvrvv]8nvv(rvv_
ovvLo
hn8ovvlnvvu
8vvLo,Dvv9qvv/Epf
q&nvv_nvvLnc
nenvv1rvvLo;vv.1vv:mbvv!vv/Rvv2A#ovvcnvv16vv)
m,kvvuvv#&
6vvvn
/8vvLiRnvv1rvv,vv.
k,
t#&q
v8o
ln
u8
Lohn8
oEn
J8
Ko&
nlr
Pn
vn
!
(1)Cht.GqL1u%:e\.GQDhO,.@(2)G$qLhGB&19u%:e\.+.@(3)G 2H.Qj,G VE1F,74vvvvt9.HG$RL17,22vvvv1.H8f\17G)&.A,1Lq%5623.
126www.alukah.net
Gn
LnLnG$1.GfphnO
n$pc.+KGG E.GQn,kr. :pG$oe7:
G}e:Cn
Gvvv.Gcn
0nvvv9nvvvunvvv!6vvv$vvv.fpbvvv$qvvv.&vvvLGgo>
nvvv$vvv1vvvcvvv.k
,kvvv#&vvv:8vvv2vvvJhOvvv.+pvvv$vvv.k
#ovvv(vvvKo
G Vq
2.Mp
@+"C&:#L0Zl?
CIvv}vvO:/, vv1vvQ1vv2Rvv2A,#vv. vvuovv%8
ovv?vv$pvvcvv.fbvv!vv/G
t88vv,vv.#vv21vv$vv./
CRvvcovvLo1pvv-?Cn
nvv%rC
ntovv)r#nvvcnvvu
ovv%r#ovv(rvvK
oGt
vvVqvv2vv.M
p,C
oRvv.Qpt
ovvuovv%kvv2Cbvv$vv. pvvuvv%hnG
tOrvv9pvvr
rvv2vv.dp
G Y71.aph8
n.rO0cp,%?
G}e:1vv!vv/,h vvuvv)r vv%r8vvuovv)r[
nvv2vv1vvcpvv1qvv.k
,kvv.t
1rvv9pvvPvv.#nvv9ovvv
nqvv!vv1vv0
k#vv.tvv.&vv:8
nvv_rvv,nvvLo,
#nvvdnG vvcpvv!
rvv%p
1pvv#n
f6
+vvKpgpG vv.n pvv1vv$nvv7ptvv.&vv:pGt
Drvv9pvvlvv./
k1pvv(nvv?vv.Dpvvv
nCn
&vv:nhEG
rvv.n8pvvv
n,hn#pvv)n
G \6
2p1c28Cn
fr
/8o
l.Qpbn
G 2nPr$n7
oho>.+nu
o%@
Ep&rvvvMnb
nvvv@nC
nDvvv$vvvJo#pvvv)+vvvKGG/8
8vvv,vvv.e
p,k
nvvvPnvvvu
nvvv:nhnC
nOrvvvLnY
nbvvv.FpvvvJG
k1vvv.t
&rvvvlpvvvcvvv.dmE vvv/
eo
Lr
kn
9p-p,&.Onhrgkn
!n
%r0nLoO6b
n!n
1r,p%@
G$n
Ho vv%0nvvlrvv9nvvF
rknvv$nvv-o1vvu
nvv!pvv$nvv7m,h vv%0vv(vv.OpCDvv$vvJn,h vvuvv)pG
t&rvv9nvv_nvvLnqvv!vv1vv0
k;vv%
Gt
rvv9nvvlnvv:nE vv/h vvJn0rvv-phqvv.d vv,vv$vv., pvv$vv.PG8
ovvunvv!8vv$vv.fpCGvv.t
ovv$vv.1vv,vvKpgpG vv\
6vvLp0vvrnvv7p?On
bnvv.go
0nlr
cn"r#.0oL0rJ
o,k
n!puo
"8
E&P.fm#.0nSr
fo!o
-o,h/0nVpF7Cf8
n9n
\n
l6
!.G+uKG@
Fvv}vv+vv{:h vvuvv(6vv(vv. nvv%r&
nvvrovv"r vv-Rvv1vv,vv.
k,k
nvvrnvv]t
ovv(qvv.&
nvv\rvv$nvv,pvv)7bvv!vv1vv-,hnG
nvvSpvv1
rvv(vv.Cn
fr
0u.fn
#nL0rY.k
@
G$H:hn u(6u$.CDr
Ln
>r
9o$.gohnC
ntr
<n
Lr
8o$.G)D
rLGLn@
Onvvuvv:
nG vv. vvJGfp,kvvrvvJRvvcvvLGC&6vv,vv$vv.CGvv\vv 1vvEvvs
8CGvv1vv,pvv$vv.@kvvu
6vvLGqvv!vv1vv0
k;vv%q
qv.#v.hOnGnv0E v1v-,kv.q
rv9vL1v.#pv(
rv-ohG
tbrv9vKQG,h[v!v2v.Cf0vPv.#pvEv,nv$v.hn0nvHvLoLn#vcnv,v$v.,
k.t
1r
9n
Pn% ,o$.hQGk
nrn,$.@
kvvvv2+vvvvKGG vvvv.qvvvv:ptvvvv.fG$Ho0vvvvcvvvv.8pvvvv3oR
nhr>nvvvv9nvvvv-o:hC&vvvv:pC0vvvvYvvvv.
kRvvvv.Qnt
rvvvv:p
G vv. vvJn0vv)pkvv2#vv.qpvvlpvv,pvv$vv.,#nvvdnC
n&6vvvn
8vvcvv!vv$pvv1vv)n#vv./0vvcvv!nvv$vv.fp!+vv"&
nvvPpvv1
rvv:pG vv$nvvLDnvv!nvv7n
G vcov$ovLp06v7n
G v9v2hUnv"E v1v,v.CDv$vJo?+v"&vPpv1v:pC
n&6v,v.#vLDv!v7
lDnvLp>
nv7l
?0nv?pv3o
bnv!nv1rv(v.
#o(rKo
G 1.ep
Cn
fr
&o
c.#p!n
-oht#&6
-oR.HlQGRpJl
,k!%0nco
Jr
[pl0k
@
127www.alukah.net
tvv.&vv:pG$oe78
nvvPrvv$nvvd
o#vv.0vvrvv.dRn
hr>ovv,vv.,hnt
nvv#&
6vv,vv.8
nvv9nvv(nvv26vv-oE vv1vv-p pvv!
rvv$vvLIpG$h vv/@
kpc0k
n
rn
J&n
Pp1n:r,ChC
n&6
,. n
%r8n(r9n2p-r p,KpgpG Er1r7p@
hUvvv"G$h/Oo1vvvcvvvJn
Gt
&rvvv9vvv,vvv.ApC1vvv.n0rvvv,pvvv$vvv.#pvvv)nG vvv(
8vvvrvvv.TpG vvv$ovvv(rvvvH
nvvvlpvvvZpG vvvVvvv.Jp
k.>Jh+$.0n2r9nPp$.fp,kr.dCD$J:Cn
b9n
KpQo#p(
ruo
$.EP8n
Ln
tr
9o
uo
$.1p,KGG S6
ur
"p@
G}Ho:0nvv?pvv3o
bvv!vv1vvvn
Cn
fr
8nvv9nvvcnvv!
6vv%nt
nvv1rvvm
n8nvvYrvv2pvv]o
8nvvVnvvL7kvv.8pvvv
n@kvv#&vv:n
UpvvLrJn
Rv.1v.k
hn nv%r8
nvcovJ
r[pvlv0
k,hn8
nvVnvL7kv.8
ovvn
Uv.QJ#vEvPv.1v7k
bv!v1vv,Uv.Qbv$vLocn
Opv:6
bn
Sr
LnIn
On(n7
k,hb!1vC
nfr
8n
9n
En
u6
%n1p9n
Vn
L7
k.8pvn
D9q//8
nrn
dn
k2CG\.Am#o9nun
L8
QnIm@
tv.fG$Ho0nv9nvunv!6v%o1pvV
nv.rJm+v.OiAm#ovlrvcnv%
m1v. vE
ov38
/t
1rv(pv-phEf
rtv.f/0vHv!v.
#pvv)nG vv96vv.r>pvv1vv-p,Dvv9vv/0nvvcrvv!nvv%nG/p
t1rvv)oCf
6C1vv.g0ovvL0vvJo#nvvV
rvv!nvvEnvv9nvv-okvvrvv],hnC
nf6
bvv!vv1vv-pCn
fr
0o,nK8
HnOo!.t
n-ohn0n9ncn!
6%nt
n1rmn0oE
rPp)oG 96V
nL7ank2G $n.GqpmpG E
nLp>n
7p@
vvv%0ovvvEpvvvLrCDvvv$vvvJo>
nvvv.G1vvv.k(1),1vvv"O
nvvvunvvv:nhqvvv26vvv"C1vvv.gohC
o#6vvv-o;vvv%bvvv.OE vvv/
#nvrrvcnvJpg@v̂"qG v?v$v1vdo
Ov.tpv9v1v)n,0nvurv9nvlov.f
n1pvSovLrHpG v$ovLn[
8v2v.JphG v(6v_
nvLpE v/G v2nvcv1vJ,
Qn0r<n
$.0nPr
9n
c1Jhf8.GR&,%G (6lr
Pp2q@
1cJn
kn
9LImh>1MImq.dO.#2:
Svv9|vv,:+vv"&nvv_nvv"7Ovv.tpvv9pvv1vv)nC
ner&vv9vv.1pvvd
oqpvvV
6vv7n
Ovv1vvJp&vv.0vv.Oovvm
np?Gp1rvv9nvvP
nvv%n
G ?$1dohq. .G:1"r&
o9.1pd
oG rV7@
CQOa>v$v1v":h vuv(qv2Cbv9vrpvJo
Cf6
C#8v2/8vrvJpQo
bv!v/#ov9v.1nvcnv7pG vP6vLrOp@G!f
n
b!/G$q"8
$&q
,.#o(rln
cp!n
7l
@
S9|,:h $.PG+2#o(rln
cp!7?
$&q
,.t.&:r
8n
9n
S.>n
Lo#nd
nC12@
CI}O:#9/t.f+KG?
(1) %0EL>.G1.k
: %09u!%@
128www.alukah.net
F}+{: $q.Gn
Ln
>r(.#p)nG f
oLkn
7,C&./D_r
:o+KG@
Sv9|v,:+vKGev1rvLoUvEv1vFm
@ v%&ov0Dpva
rvvvvC&v.hCDv$vJovvvvRv1v,v.
k#v$v.8vrv.do,
hG JG&./09S.>LGfh/0P$do
U.8n,$.CDJl@
G}H:hn#nvvv)rqvvv.dE&qvvv(vvv./&
nvvv9nvvvSvvv.>
nvvvLoh/&nvvvHrvvv9nvvv!pvvvm
o?!#vvv.#pvvv)rRn
h>nvvv1rvvv)p/
0nHr
9n!pl.fpCh09(.qS.fpChD9/09S.>LGf@
Fvvv}vvv+vvv{:h vvvvuvvvv(qvvvv(vvvv. vvvv%&nvvvvPrvvvv$nvvvvcrvvvvu
ovvvv$vvvv.8vvvv9vvvv(vvvv.q
nvvvvSvvvv.fpqvvvv]
q,h vvvv%&nvvvvLnt
ovvvv$vvvv.#vvvvLIk
#9H.Up$1),kn
(nEr)oC
oOr
LIl
Oc1JIl@
G}H:&E)vvvv1p. lpc"pvvvv&c1To
k2Co
OLImOc1JIhuG E$Jo@
h vvvvvuvvvvv)r+vvvvv"#vvvvvcvvvvv(vvvvv/zCOvvvvvLImOvvvvvcvvvvv1vvvvvJImyCf6
CkvvvvvLGOn+vvvvv./0vvvvvHvvvvv9vvvvv!vvvvvlvvvvv.fh/
0vv9vvSvv.>vvLhf?1vv$vvcvv(vv/BGvvLn+vv"0nvv?pvv3oC
nfr
0nvvPrvv$nvvd
nG vv?vv1vvLGfo
CUvv.GJn1vvcvvYpvv,vv%C;vv(vv.An
Gt
Gr
9p0k.8p,%, p1n
cr!n
%nG ?n$1d
oCOLGQn+o%h#.0?LjOGGp"n1o1.8p,%?
0vv.1vv(vv2q, vvuvv"1vv1vv:mCOvvLGQogo,h/0vv?vv.RoCf0vv\6vv!pvvd
nbvv!vv/+vvKgG$OvvLGQp
CDvJl
,h/0vEvs7 v!vM6h>
nv1rv)pEGvLGLo#vSvuv08v,v$v.#v,v$v.tv.f&v.bov,v.vvvvGv.QpLDvJhOp
eovvLk
nvv9pvv,pvv$vv.vvvv1vv,vvKG0vvuvv.&vv.fpR
nhr>nvv1rvv)pUvv. pvvE
nvv1rvv)p@tvv$vv./0vvEvvs7
$DvvJp+pvv$vv.G vv96vvEvvJ7
Ko
bvv)G!GvvLp1vvPvv.AmC#vv.enCh/Op+vv$vv.,Dvv9qvv//0nvvcrvv9nvvrpvvJn
G$1vv(vv.AoCf6
hG vvJn0rvv,pvv%rbvv!vv/Gpvv0am#ovvP
rvv9nvv$vvLm,kvv1vvEvvJo
Kn
kvv2&ovvlovv.Opvv,pvv%rq
nvv!nvvslOGFpvv%l,hG
nvv.ral#pvv)pG
t&rvvlpvvLGWpbpvvr
rvvJp
Co
Or
Ln
8p,p%r@
CDvv$vvJ: nvvrnvvJr
qovv!vv:
n0vv.C1vv2z/0vv?vv.RoCn
fr
0nvv\qvv!pvvd
nbvv!vv/+vvKgG$
nOrvvLGQpCDvvJ
ly
k,"+KGe1Lo
>.FpMmRLb.k
?
G}H:Cn
>nvv"r+vvKG#vv.q
nvvVnvvJ
r8ovv-o1vv. vvY
6vv2rvv]p@kvv.uO
ovv2rvvEvv.&nvv-oh8vvcvv. vv/&vv,vv.&vv.C
nhq/
k
bnvvvvvv)rQnk
rvvvvvvdp
G$Uvvvvvv.GJpkvvvvvvrvvvvvv.d:oJILKNMPOp(1)@
(1) r$.f:31.
129www.alukah.net
hQnOvv. ovv-oG vvuvvL0vv%oC
n#nvvLn&vv.1pvvc
nvvJn
ep
G vvHpvvVvv.ep
hG vvS8vv?vv.QphG vv96vvrvv.[
ovvdp
kvvrvv.d:z:
@v=v9inv]v(G,h:@vJv9SnvOhG,h:@vOG<nv(G,h:@vtv9_
nvgv(G,hvv(!v(Gfpv=v9O
nGyvzvv&pELv(G!v9
k,
h:*nJp{
qyp}o
T
rzp~m
Cf*n%rG
oQnC
nL9gop(bC;Ky(1).
;vv%qEf6
G vvVqvvLGN
nhQnk
rvvdnG$Uvv.GJpC;vv(vv.AnG vv$vv?vv.O/JpChG vv$vv(vv.qvvSvv.Jp0ovv9pvv1vvF
o
G vvlovvLnUn vv!vv?vv1vvLGfp1vv. vv96vvJnG
7vv"pkvv2R
ovv&hfp1vvcvvYpvv,pvv%,hqvvJ0vvuvv.f
o#vv(vv,ovv%r#nvv)r0ovvEpvv3
q
G vPqv.An v?v1vLG&v-h0vuvLngoG
t8qvlv.q
nv,ov%,hn0nv(rvPv/Ch0v9v(v.Ov/hnUpv1
6v7n
QOv.dpGu|:z|nv#r
v9fn*o|r|p#o<9yz
v&phGy+(e
pG6LpQppz+nto{
rL
n+QGk
Chyp+nZ
r}
oB
ry(2).
h+vvuvvKG8nvvSrvv9nvvJ
7G vvHpvv0kvv.Jphn8
nvvErvvJ
oKo
G vvlovvLrq
nvv7o
hG vvHovvVvv.#nvv7
ohG vvcnvvJGhIo, vv1vvQ
kn
rn
]r
1n1r)nG$
nRr
hGLp
,hn u)rC0Y.k
11)G$G.IphG$UJq.Ap@
G}e:Dvv9vv/hEfr
vv%0nvvuovv)r+vv(vv.c
nB0vv7l
UvvL0vvEvv7l
1vv,vvKGG vv$vvcvv(vv/,ChDvvJ0vv=l
RvvL0vvml,kvvcvvJeoG vv?vv.GRp+vv.#pvv)r1vv.HpOvvJ
8G vvKQGFpvvd
phOQApG vv$vvlvv.OpvvJp,C
njr: pvvcvvJ
nep
G Pq$.M
p !S
61r\.fp1. 96JG7"p,11(n,o%rhEkP.Opb0q
n9p,p%12cZ
m@
S9|,:h#.#c(/OJ8
G KQGFd?
G}e:G vvvKQ0vvvcvvv7o+vvv2G vvvP6vvv2nvvv3
ohG vvv.Opvvv1vvv!nvvv7o
,hOvvvJ7
G vvvKQGFvvvdp
,0vvvcvvv(vvv2:Eqvvvlvvv.dn
G \L0sphE1\.dn
G .O.F"pG 928o.Up"E /G $l.OpJphG S
qLhQp@
&vv_vvLG$h/Oo1vvcvvYovv,vv%E vv/1vvcvvZ
m#ovv2rvv9nvvPpvv$vv1vv)n,Rvv.tvvLp0vv)nDpvvuvv$vv7
nhG vvJn0rvv,vv%,
hDpLr
Un,o%rb!/G Epl.Xpb!/G$
oOLnIp#p)nG S
6c.Qp1. rn!
nsChG Y
61.Yp
@
F}+{:+KG0c(2Cn
&(.O(9.1dG rpV6
7n
?
G}e:/, vv)&ovv9vv.1pvvc
nvv,vv.G vv1vv.enkvv,vv2#vv.8vvMGd[vv.0vv!vv7k
hCDvvJG;ovv,vv.h#vvlvv.>vv 8
ovv,vv.
t<1LIl
,h u)On(nc.OoE /#.O
nLnOr&.gC#Qp,)pt$.dpG (6r
rWpG KjhnQnOnk1-@
(1)G 2H.Qj,t9.HG$OH,1Lq%6064,h#P!%,t9.HG 2LhG V!7,1Lq%1800.
(2)G vvv2vvvHvvv.Qj,G vvvVvvvEvvv1vvvF,78vvvvtvvv9vvv.HG$OH,31vvvv1vvv.H#vvv)tvvv.f0vvv&#vvv)1vvv.uhG vvv1vvv.eG!GLk00&P>.Qg,1Lq%6018vvvv6019.
130www.alukah.net
CI}O:h#.G $.&pdo#p)pG
tOr
9pc.OIpqV7pG$#Qph#9.1c9p,.G 1.e?
G}e:C07nqV7?
CI}O:G 92Qh09p,. (.1.$#Q!
G}e:Cj60.em
8c(2?k.$#Qo#9\.hpd!
CIv}vO:+v"r8v$vMDv1v)0v.C#v2?G v2v.QDv7n
!qpvVv7n
Ov1vJp&v.0v.Oovm
nG v9v2Qh0rv9pv,v. (.G 2.QD7
n@
G}e:C&vvvv:n
qvvvv!vvvv:n(G vvvv9vvvv2Qh0vvvv9pvvvv,vvvv.1vvvv.$
n#vvvvQp),htvvvv!vvvv$vvvv7
ozG$#vvvvQpy8vvvvcvvvv(vvvv2
G v$v.Xv2,hqvJ0vuv.fo
qvL0v2v.k
Ch1vcv1vJGk
,C#v.G v2v.QDv7o
kv(vPv9vcv$v" v-tv!v$v7(C#vQp)
1Jhfp(Cd)G 9cL0mp@
Sv9|v,|ovgrvAvQp\v9k
:tv"+vKG#v)C>v"(CdG v9vcvL0vm)?+v"Dvrv.k
v%8vcv!v$v2qVJCD$Jb(J#.q.d:(G$#Q)?k#&. %Ct)rCbLpao+KGG lLb
n?
G}e:0vv.1ovv(nvv2q,G vv!
qvvfvv7
oG vvcvvL1vv16vv7
o vvfvv7
lRnvvLp0vvlvv7
l,hqvvJtvv.fG vvcvvLHo0nvv,vv9vv$qvv.f
n1pvv,vv.
#ovv(rvvKo
qvvJ0vv%G vvM6#vv.fp,hn0nvvVvv.&vv.&vv,vv.#pvv)nG vvHvv\vv#phG vvJ6Gvv1vv"p, pvvJQ>nvv7pC&
6vv,vv%D
nvvV6vv(vv.G
Cn
&rvlovPnv,v%kv2G vVvEvLGAp, v1vEvlv_v.+v.#v)G vHv\v#hG v!
nvErv)phOGv.dpG vfvL0v3pbv!v1v,v.,
;%8#tq
Jn
Rn
Ln
ko
,.1(MhdG rLBf1,.@
Svv9|vv,:bvv(vvJ#vv.COGovv"oG vv?vv(vv7
n1vv(PfGu,O
nvv.ran0ovv\rvv!pvvs
oGu vvPvv.&vv21vv#1vv!vvgp
G u0ep
hG$O. 13@
G}e:h+v"+v(v.c#v.0nv$rv(nvdo
8vcv!7v$nvv
nE0qv.+v.#v(vK
oG!f
n,Dv9qv/8vlv,nv%ntv9v.HnG v!
6v-p
1vSvuv"m
Cn
krvYnv"n,kv9vuv.f
n#pv)nG v$ov9nvl
nvu8vL0v)1v 0v.JpGu,kv9vEvl
nvan
G vrovLBfn
,h8vuv.fn
#pv)n
G K0)q.dn
b(,%QO.dGu|:zLn+rQov
o~|#@ngnz
v~
nGyto
QBfnhfzv
}
n&oy(1).
G}H:h8nvvvcnvvv!
7vvv%oG vvvrvvvLBfp/0vvvuvvv.f
o1vvvrvvvLGAn8pvvv-ptvvv1vvvlvvv$vvv.G
t86vvvlvvvs,h vvvuvvv)r1vvvEpvvvl
rvvvap
(1)DJ0=UE1FQhGgG)#.eCD$Jk2#P(Jg,hC1.OGhOhG 9L#Kj@
131www.alukah.net
qvv.GbpvvJpgphCDvvuvv.#pvv-p,hC+vv$7vv,vv.G vv96vv!vvl7vvao
1pvvEovvLhkpvv-p1pvvSvvuvv"
mUvvEvv1vvF
m,hEG
rvvLG>
ovv,vv.#pvv)#nH.Q>p,.,hbJeoR0.OIpDLhamb!1-ChE&r.Up,.(1)@hqJC
nGr
2n
Ln&.QO.dGu|
bvv)Q18vv-NC&vv-Ovv1vvrvv.do pvvrvv.QiApG vvr
ovvLBfpvvvv0vv.enG vvrpvv1vv.#vv7pvvvvG
tqrvvLC
rhGt
Qrbn
,h+vvKG#c(.goCf
6#u.&
n7n
q.Q+G rLBfpvvvvG $.+Lpk1-vvvvqn
Lp0r2n7l
#p)r#u.&n
7pG$&r
21.Ap@
CIvv}vvO:Ovv2vvEvv.&nvvvn
G vv!6vv,vv%6h1pvvE
nvv$rvvJpcn
@h1vv. vvL7ervv%p
#vv)tovv"
8+vvKgG vv(
8vvcnvv%
p8nvv?vvJ
o
C&v.Ov.k
0nvurvlovLhf1v.>v.OpG v!
6v-phn0rv?
nvEvJhfn
&pvcnv$nv-o!/Dv.dnh/q
ov.6InE/
q1v. v!
6v-pG vc
nv!pv28
G c_1%p
@
Un$n:
nG ?n$1d
o8n
ln
u7
LGk
hnRo
ur
LGk
p$.Cn
&r
cn%nG !
6-o1p-pb!1,p%r@
qvv.d>vv$vv1vv":Cn
nvv)r&vv9vv.1pvvd
nG vvrpvvVqvv7
n?Bgp!UvvEvv1vvF
l!E&vvvOvv9ovvuvv$pvv!vv1vv)nG vv(6vvrvvWn
G KjDn
Jn
Kn
k1,.C#Qpk$.+.+KGG (6rr
W?
G}e:#.+2BGLoB07mt(.&9!
o.+.hn&
n9n
ln
u6
Lo
k1,.?
>v$v1v":E&v,v.G!0v.JoG v9v28v9vEvJKo
bnv)rObv.IpG
t#vLCIpG vc
nvM0vMp v!v(qvPv.ApG v0q
8v2tovv)60nvvfrvv9nvv2rvv(nvv,vv.(2)h0nvvP
rvvHnvvLrf
n#vv(vv,vv.,hEGvvLG>pvv,vv.0vv.O
ovvmnE vv1vv,vv)q pvv1
nvvLn0rvv(nvv-o,h#vv.tvv.f#pvv)r
8n
cr
_1$p,p)6 p?n$. p-p@
G}e:CQC0:n?!+(.cR2Al %8
nKr
to
Lrgo$p
n&q
(. %&n
9n
un
!6
%rb(-@
F}+{:#.+.?
G}e: v%8nvKr
tovLrC;vLnG
ovLhL
p0ov.O
ovmn
bv!v/G v(8vPv.A,h#v.PGk
nvcnv!
rv)n1pv#
n&rvlovPpv,pv)q@
Cn
nvvvvvv%r0nvvvvvvLpOkvvvvvv2G!0vvvvvv7o;&%(’"!$#.
-0/*),+VUXWRQTS^]p@
S9|,:+KGUE1Fl@h u)r+"Dr1r7
kC&6
,)6qn
\6
cr)nC
n0rJp0n,o)q?h $n.PG?
(1)h+KG#.0P$/1c!%G 9?.0J@
(2)0f92(,.:#)G f127,h+2PtLcCG.c1$.0uLgO.GAk2DY.QgCee1.1-@
132www.alukah.net
G}e:qnvv2rvv"nC
nfr
Co
>vv1vv3n
bnvv)r+nvvKGG vvP
7vv&Gdp0nvv?vv3oCf&
nvv9nvvE
nvvJ6
Kn
bnvv)pG vvcnvv$nvv"p
G vvvKjqvvv.#nvvv:r
1pvvv-pG vvv(8vvvPvvv.Ao1pvvvE
nvvvsqG#vvvLCIG vvvcnvvvM0vvvMp,hG vvvKj0nvvvlvvvcvvv!
ovvv-ot
ovvv"7G vvv(vvv.Spkvvv2
G vv$ovv?rvv9nvv$nvvcvv.JpG vv9vv20nvv?pvvJ
oG vv(vv.Sokvv1vv,vv.C
n&rvvlovvPnvv,ovv%bvv.[pvv!pvv1vv)nb
nvv)pG vvcnvv$nvv"pG vvEnvvrvv1vvrvv2q,
8v.Fpv,v1v)nbnv)pG v,nvJnapG vE
nvrv1vrv2#pv)rho>v.Op+v%kv2+vKgG vEv1v.Ip@+vKGG vcv$v"oG vSqv.Fpv)o
+v.G vfpv1rv2nv7
ohG v(6v$v1v$v7
o,C
nGrv\nvLoBk
nv9nv1rv)p8
ovVpv1v2v.fpG v$ov?
rv9nv$nvcv.Jpknv9ovH
nvL8
1v.&pv,v.h8v,vJ#v.&pv,v.,$&qvvv,vvv$vvv.C
ntrvvv2nvvvLoOn vvv1vvv"
mbvvv!vvv/G
t&rvvv,pvvv1vvv.QpG$
nGvvv0bpG vvvcvvv.#6vvv7p,hqvvvJqvvv.dG vvvSvvv.bvvvLoCDvvv$vvvJ
R.q2:
zhE&6vvvv$vvvv.G$
o#nvvvv%oG$
nGrvvvv0b
o#vvvv.1
nvvvvrpvvvv1nvvvv:
rkvvvv(f
r+ovvvv$ovvvv.P
n+nvvvv2nvvvv:
rCn
Grvvvv0q
ovvvv,ovvvv%P+vvvv2vvvv.G
hqvvJDnvvK
6Q&vv.QOvv.doGu|#pvv)nG vvfpvv1vv2
nvv7phGt
&rvv9pvv,vv.cG$
nbrvvLGVpkvv2tvv<vv1vvLm#pvv)n
G$Dvv.O0vv=pG vvV6vvEvv1vvEvv7,h/Ovv16vv$vv.kvv2Dpvv?
6vv7pG vv.nOGYpDnvv1rvv=
oqvv.d:zEfvOp|v9A
nv
ov~,
hCn|
rvv(Gynvvwovv~hC
nf
rvvQG\
nvvwovv~,I
nvvQnGelfvvzvv+vvwvv~v
nvvJovvQr|nvv?p*nvv(r|pvvw
ovv~$vvPG,pvv,V
nvv%rvvQpv
ovv~r$vvPG,
pv,<nvznvOpv
ov~r$vPG,C
n:$nv{
r<
nvzqvjrvBy(1).hFv9AnGyv"qv%v,ofv#pGyvjpv+rv=
nv?ppv,GyvtovQBfpGyvwvQ*v~p
<pvvvWnvvvwvvv{
ms
nvvv(pjqhYvvvQ*vvvK:oEFGHYZ[\]^
_‘QRSTUVWX)*+,
-./0!"#@wvp(2)@
Onvvvu
nvvv9nvvv:pG$e7qvvv!vvv1vvv0
k;vvv%8vvv.1nvvvcnvvv:
r:Gpbrvvv9nvvvu
nvvvlnvvv:rG#vvvLCIG vvvcvvvM0vvvMpk
nvvv9rvvvLI
khQGD
nvvv:r
8ovvlnvvu
8vvLo@@@Gp&
rvv9nvv,nvv:
rE vv/qnvvLGQm,;
ovv%6GO
rvv9nvvJr
bnvv:
r[ovv,vv.InG vvrnvvV
rvvLp,hnCn
Grvv2nvvLn8
rvv,vv%C
n&qvv,vv.8
ovvcpvvJ
q
#nvv#r
Oo1nvv7k
tnvv2vv1vvLIkkvv2G vvrnvvVvvL@@@hnG
tGrvv9vv.QnJrC
n vv.Gf
nG vv\
qvvcvv.ep
hG vvSqvvLGHp,hC
n#nvvLnJrC
nfr
8ov.X
nvdnG vP
qvuv.tv1v)oG vEv.OqIo
E v/>pv.GQG vlv.tpv,nv7pG v$ovrnvJ6#nv7p@@@hnC
nfr
8ov.X
nvdnG v$nvlv.QpTo
G vv2nvv1rvvYvv.AohG vv.Ovv.FpvvJo
hG vvEvvSvv.0vv.,bvv!vv/bvv.OIpG vvS6vvLbpkvv2P vvv
nG vvMq#vv.fp@hnhn>
6vv,nvv:pG J
6b.In, pu
o"q#n)r8
nEn
J6
;n
:r
bn(r,.h/t
n:r
qpV6
7n
Do
2q,. p1.O
omn)(3)@
(1)QhGg#vvPvv!vv%,G vvVvvEvv1vvF,13vvvvtvv9vv.HG vvEvv@,51vvvv1vv.Hkvv2Dvv?vv7G vv(vv2vv2|,1vvLqvv%707.
(2)G E?LGJ:12.
(3)1,?:,CD$J,C&21.AGu,(G r.+LI,OGQG SLhb,1968),U135,19VLa@
133www.alukah.net
>nvv!nvvPnvv:
rG vv$nvvJrbovv.qGJp8
nvv9nvvrnvvJ
6#ovv,ovv)6Uvv.Dpvv2vv7o
G vvJ6bvv.Ip0nvv!rvv9nvv,pvv$rvv)nG vv\
qvvcvv.enG vv\6vv18vv3
n,
hn+ovv)60nvv9nvv(vv.OnQrfn
h0nvv9vv$vv.RnDrvv)nh0ovv2rvvJp0rvv)nEbvv?vv.1nvv,ovv)q1vv,vvKGG vv\
6vvcvv.ep
,kvv.t
1rvv9nvvJ
nQn8rvv,ovv)qUvv.Dpvv2
nvv7o
G 2n1r:pq.F!7k
: rJbn!p$:
oC&q
uo
)q8n
9n
u!6
$r)nb(8
2hn8n
96,p$r(n(p2hn8
n!o
$r(n(p2@@@@
nvvv%r8
ovvv?pvvv3
rC06vvv7o
hGDpvvvJnIm#pvvv(
rvvv,ovvv)qG
nvvv?nvvv0
k,k
nvvv,ovvv)q
nvvv%r0nvvvu
ovvv)q0nvvvcrvvv!
nvvv$rvvv)n1pvvv.
oUvvv.dpG vvEvvJ0vv=pE vv1vv,vv.,hn8
nvv?nvv$6vvJnJrC
n0rvvJp0rvv,ovv)6G vv9vv2tvv.&vv:8
ovv$rvvPpvvv
o1vv. vvP
qvvuvv.tvv1vv)p,1vv1vv(vv$vv.Uvv.Dpvv2
nvv7o
G vv2nvv1rvv:p8ovv.GUpvv"otvv0#nvv,vv.,h vv$6vv.QCJrC&
qvv,vv)q8
nvv$vv.O
nvvurvv)n,hnQoD
rvv)n0ovvcrvv$pvv!rvv)n
Onvvuvv.tvv1vv(nvv,vv)q1vv. vv\
qvvcvv.ep
,CRvv.QnJrE vv/0ovv.Oovvm
nknvvHnvvLnLnbvv!vv1vv,vv)@kvvLC0rvv(nvv-ohRvv.+nvvJrf
n
DovP
rv(nv-o,kv\v.QnUv.G1ov,v)q,hUv.QJpG vPqvuv.tv1v)o8
nvcrv$v"o/EQGOp0v.
k, pvJ
nQn>nv7pC
n&qv,v)q v%
0nvSrvcovLrf
ntv1vmq
nv\qvcrv)nC0vJp0nv,ov),1vcvJP vvbv.OE
nv1rv,pv)qG vcvrv"ohG v.nb
rv2oknvrov!rv)n{V
UXWRQTS^]}Dpv1v(v,vKm8nv(nvlqvPnv:
rRn
hr>nv7o
G vcvM0vMpG vV7vcnvJGAn(1)
hqvvv. vvv:r:+vvvKG+vvv.G)&vvvPvvv.f
oG vvvKj
ovvv$rvvv9ovvv(qvvv(vvv2kvvv1vvv-,;
ovvv%qC
ntrvvv$nvvv!
nvvv:pG
tbrvvv9pvvvLGk
nvvv,vvv. vvv,vvv)q,
h+vvJ6OnJr0ovv.Oovvm
nC#vv.#nvv,vv)q1vv#&qvv,vv.Ovv9nvvP
rvv?ovv(ovv-Ef
r vv%0vv\vv.hpb
rvv,vv.o‘_ZY\[FEHGBADCNMPOJ@wxp(2)@
CRvlvrv:pG v(8vPrv.nIobv!v/R
nhr>nv7pG vcvM0vMp v,vKpgpG v$pvE
rv(nv7pG v9v2hqvcnv:r
kv1v,v.,h v%0nvvcovvJrf
n0nvvLn0rvv)nCf
q#vv.8
nvv\rvv!
ovv2ovv-#pvv)0vv.O
ovvmn
bvv$vv"lRvv(vv1vvdlhRvv.Fpvv)l,1vv"rCtvv<vvLo#vv)+vvKG,
QoDrv)n0ovrrv(pvc
rv)n0v.Ovmn
1pv#n
&qv-o#ovHv\pv/AlEPG
nv%r0ov\v.hpb
rv,v.,hbv!v1v-8vVvEv1vFo
Gnv\nv,pv-p,Ch
8vv.Dvv2E vv1vv-tvv"7hGDvvJIm#pvv(rvv,ovv)6Cf0nvvl
rvvcnvv"nP vvv#vvcvv,vv.+vv2,qvv. vv:G#vvLCIG vvcvvM0vvM:
+vKGG vKj ov$ov9ov(6v(pv2kv2D
ov28v-pG vKjO
nGnv"nE v/Ov.0vJGApqv!v2v2,hC&v9ov)6 v%8
nvLn0rv(nv-o,+v.
+vvvKGG vvvKjCnOr+nvvvS
nvvvuovvv)6 vvv$6vvv.QnC
n0rvvv9ovvv(6vvv-o,hq
nvvv\
6vvvcrvvv9ovvv)6C0vvvJ0vvvuovvv)6PG+vvv0JmhC&
rvvv9ovvv)68
ovvvrvvv\
8vvvcrvvv)n
G l.t,7n
,Cn
kn
#o
/eb!/C&6
-Rn
ln
l(2Do
26
.??
bvv(vvJFpvvKm/1ovvJ
6Cf0nvvrovv!
rvv)n vv,vv.>
nvv$vv1vvcvv.k
:/ nvv.renb
nvv!nvv1rvvvpkvv2Cf8vvLGhpO0vv-bvv)
(1)8(lP:G VcJGA:CDP:1./Q81.MhG PLhQk#GKJ&lP.k
b$1r.k
@(2)0.Om:32.
134www.alukah.net
&vvlvvPpvv-p,h vv.tovv)6#vvuvv.&vvv
nvvlnvvcvv!vv(vv.#pvv<
rvv"n#vv.k
nvvcnvv!
rvv:phtvv.&vv:8
nvvcrvv!
nvv%oUvvlvv.Jp&vvPvv.Ap
#ovv9nvv$nvvcpvv,vv.,knvv\vv!vv2vv:
r#vv(vv,vv)qCf0ovvcpvv(6vv,vv.bvv!vv/Eqvv(vv.bpvv-phEGvvYvv.bpvv-p pvv\
nvv!nvv2pvv,vv.h0vv_vv,vvLoC&
6vv,ovv)6
8vcv.[nvl
rv)n#nvcnv,v.,k
nv?nvcnv!
rv)n0ovcnv\
8vlrv(nv-obv!v1v,v. v1ov!
nv2qv2[
nv!nv2v,v.,Dv9v//0v&;
qvLDv27v,v.G vSvJ0vJo
-b!/bn
rn!,.k9
o?n)6(1)@
tvv$vv.qvv.dG vvSvv1vvIo#vvEvv$vvJ#vv9vv. vv2G vvSvvcvvLGhjkvv2RvvLDpvv-p pvvr
nvvV
6vv7p+vvKGG vv(6vv2pvv28
G vvuvvL0vv%p
:(0vv2vvJhC&6vv,vv)6bvv(vvJ#vv.QC0rvv)n0vv.Ovvm
nCn
RnvvLrf
nE vv1vv-p1vv2vvcvvZpC&vv.GY
pG)Rvv.QGJp
G v9v20ovlrv,nv%o#v(v,v.C
n&6v,v)60vLGhpO
r&nv-b
nv)r&nvlrvPpv-p,ChU
nvJn
Qn#pv(v,v)tv0#v.k
1pvKn
pvvn v%8v#Jp
1vv-G!0vv7o
G vvuvvL0vv$vv7o
,hE/q
kvv!vv$vv.PGtvv.fG vvHpvv\vv.Ho1vv. vv?vv$vvdp
+vv(vv.?E&vv,vv)6Ovv.bvv7n
QC0rvv(nvv-o
&nvvPpvv1
rvv)nCn
&rvvlovvPnvv,ovv)qhnO
nvv]nG/p
t&rvvlpvvcvv./JphG vvK+vv.dp,kvvuvv$vv.q
nvv\6vvcrvv)nC0vvJ0vv,vv)OhfC
nfr
0vvvvJQp0rvvvv)n,UvvvvJQJ#pvvvv(vvvv,vvvv)ERvvvv.QGJlChE0vvvv$vvvv.AGJlCh8vvvvcvvvv2vvvv1vvvvLl1vvvv. vvvv.>vvvv-OhfCf
0JQ0))(2)@
Svvv9|vvv,:0vvv.Ovvv0e!!!#vvv.+vvvKGG vvv$nvvv(vvv\pvvvsoG vvvfnvvvLp0vvv3
o!h#vvv.+vvvKgG$Gvvv0bo
G P618,n7
o!
Gyvv(GyvvO:+vvKG#nvv(rvv\pvvso#vv)/Op0
rvv)n vv,vv%h/+vvJan0nvvPrvvcnvv.rf pvv9
nvvErvvrpvv1vvrpvv-p,E/
q
G/pt
Ovv9vvuvv<vv.Qo#pvv)r#ovv9nvvdp
G vvEvv1vv.Ip,+vv$7vv,ovv%knvvrnvv]pG
t vvS
6vv,vv.GJohG vv$nvv!
nvvKqGJohG vv$ovv9nvvd
o,h#vv.0#t!.fh#.0SL
n1.f@@@@
CI}O: n
rn
Jr
U.QhGt. En1.G&.J@
Gyvv(GyvvOGf:1nvv"rCXvv"7Ovv2vv1vv0
k@+vvuvvKGhnU
nvvlnvv,ovv%oG vvrovvLBf
oG vvuvvL0vv%ooMDC
BAHGFp(3)@
Fvvv}vvv+vvv{:#vvv.PGknvvvcnvvv"n0vvv.O
ovvvmo
kvvv2+vvvKgpG vvvEvvv.dp,h/Ovvv1qvvv$vvv.1vvvcvvvJn
Cfr
8nvvv%6
8,J0Jogo1. P
6?r)p?
(1)G $1JG&2,DP)D2(u-,#c.QLG 9luLhOq.FsG 9J1L,G $?!JG c.RL,U661.
(2)G ScLGhj,qVWG$&21.A,(11LhJ,OGQG u93G c!$17),G $?!J2,U1018.
(3)G lLq.f:44.
135www.alukah.net
G}e:Obvvv.Q16vvv-oCn
fr
0ovvvHnvvv!8vvvVnvvv-o#pvvv)t
nvvv1rvvvJp+pvvv)qoILK~}|
{zyxwvutsrq@xxp(1)@
vrvJkvY6v"nG vP
8v?v)nbv!v/kpvcv"G vlv.DpvSv7ph#vcvVv1v7pG v!
6v-p8vcv. v/,hkvcv0
k,kvrvJ
B0nPn
:r#(-G (
8P.I,hC
n#nLnJrG#LCIG cM0M1pPp?
r(-@
CIvv}vvO: vvvrvvvJ vvvlvvv:G&vvv9vvv2vvv.+vvv2Rvvv2A#vvv,vvv%@G vvvEvvvJ0vvv=o
tvvv!7vvv-tvvv.fbvvv)epvvv1vvv2vvv7
G (qP.A pMh>7pG cM0M,h u)+KgG f127Oo$81n:
r#LI#nur
LGk
h#LqIt
n1rJGk
, $.PG?
G}e:Ov&Gdl#v,v%Dvr
qv.k
@hG vP6v2nv3
okv2G
tGrv9pv0aG v96vPv$v1v7pC&v,v.8
nvErvJ
oKkv2
G vHnvlv.A1v#+vJGa#vHv9v!vlv7,kv$v)G v(vPv.Itv)0v$vuvLf/#vLCIG vcvM0vM,1v1v)Obv.8v,v.
,)hD1!9,.t.&:t1JGk
,)hOk.b.k
b)&lP,.h8uK02.k
$uL+)@
Sv9|v,: nvJn
jqOv&Gdl
!+v"Dnvrv.
kqnv\qvcnv:pG v(
8vPv.IC0vJ0nv,v)?h+v"bpvS
rv)n1
nvrpv16v7
D1.G8p,p)q1JhfC0Jm?!!
G1vvv9vvvPvvv$vvv:pG$e7 vvv!vvv2vvvLGAnIpG vvv9vvv20vvv9vvvuvvv!qvvv%1vvv,vvv.G
t1vvv(ovvv,vvv.hqvvv. vvv::/,/, vvvrvvvJ
>Ln
Dr)nCU.1pc
n,o)qh u)r1pSn
ur
"m
Gn
\1L,hU.QnJpG J#.Ao8n
9n
Jn
kq
s#(,.@@@
S9|,:Bg!C>"!+KG8c21Ll(#nMG>2l)t$.8r. .f!
CI}O:1"8c21Ll#?.Rpj@
G}H:+v(v.c nvlrv9v7l
CQ0vJoCfC&v28v,nvuov%E v1v,v.,h+v2CfG)&vPv.f
n/0v?v.Ro v-
G vrv1v.eo1vcv$v"m
RpvLq0vLmE[
rv0qv.k
,h v.8vcvL6Vn v!v9v,vJ0vJp1v. vP8v?v)pChpG v\
6vLrOp#pv)nG vcnv$nv"pChpG vv2vv!vvJ,h vvuvv)qG$#vvLn0nvvH
rvv9nvv!pvvm
o vv.8vvcvvLqXnvv:r
Dvv1vv.8ovv-o+vv.RvvHvvVvv1vv.k
ChCh/Oogo
vv!vvHnvv\nvvLp,$&vv-#nvvPvv&hd
lbvv)pG vv$vvEvv.kvv_vv7bvv!vv/G vvEvv1vv.Ipkvv01vv#S#vv)G/Dvv9vv1vv.d
/&vvvrvvv.P&vvvlvvvPvvv-h vvv1vvvQ)0vvvKGAG!GvvvL0vvv),8vvv$vvv.#vvv.k
tvvv$vvv.DnvvvV
nvvv"n pvvvPnvvv1vvvJp&vvv.bvvv$qvvv.Qp1
rvvv)p0vv.OpvvLm,bvv(vvJ#vv.C
n>rvv2nvvLngoG vvu
ovvlvv.Qobvv!vv/G vv96vv!
nvvl7vvap1vvuvv0e
m0ovvPvv2AoE vv/G)O
rvv0ep
hn&nvv2pvv28
G)Orvvvv0e
p,kvvvvrvvvvJ+vvvvJ6Ohgo1vvvv. vvvvrnvvvv9rvvvv"p,h vvvvuvvvv)r1
nvvvvcvvvvJn
Cn
fpGt
&rvvvv9vvvv,vvvv:
r#pvvvvEvvvv(nvvvv9ovvvv->vvvv.AE vvvv/
(1)0.Om:33.
136www.alukah.net
QOvvv.dGu|,kvvv#Gvvv2vvvLg1vvv$vvv.DnvvvJ
nKn#vvv(vvv-,kvvvrvvv.d
nvvv-oQOvvv.doGu|bvvv(vvvJ#vvv.
8vvv!vvvlqvvv_rvvv:n
1vvv,vvvKGG vvvuvvv0ep
+vvv"tvvv(vvv:8nvvvrrvvvVovvvJ
oG vvvu
ovvvlrvvvLnCerC
nfq
qnvvv!rvvv2nvvvvtvvv.f#ovvv\
rvvv$nvvv,pvvv(vvv.k
1v.)0v$v.fp?kvrv.d:1v"tv.fqv!v2v2#ov\v$v,v(v.k
1v.)0v$v.f@kvrv.d v-QOv.dGu|h+v.0v2v9vPpv%o:zEffv9OhG,pvtv{yv%v~|pvD
rv{n
sv(ypvx$vPGy(1).;v%8v0bv!v1v-G!0v7n
G vuvL0v$v7n
oDCBA‘_p(2)@
F}+{:h#.PGDJK1cJOG.d0.OmpG P?)?
G}e:0v.Ovmp#v.qv.alh v%0ovVrvJpQG vrv.e
oG v_v. v$v.fDvuv$v.k
1v. vPv?v)o563p, v%0vEvJ
qOhGG vPv(v.GJG v9v20ovP
rv?nv)okv1v,v.,hE&v$v.CQGOhG
hXvcv-kv2G vPv?v)#ovJ6Ik#vlv9v.Dv7,8nv(ov9nv,v21v.&v9v,v.ApG vrvYv1v7pbv(vJnG v(v.S,kv\v. v$v.Cf
G$n
rvPpv(
nv7n
8nv9nvE
nvJq
Ko
1vrvYv1v7pG#vLCIpG vcvM0vMp#vdkv9v.+v.kv01vJCf0v2vrv/0v.Ovmop
k2G P?)@
ho412?pbvvvv(vvvvJ#vvvv.CoOrGpvvvv"n0vvvv.Ovvvvm
opG vvvvPvvvv?vvvv)n,
OGvv"#vvcvv-kvv9vv1vv.fBGvvLGfOvv?vv1vv(vv.f,qvv.On+ovv$vv.qnvvJn
Qo+vv$vv.E vv/G/&vv9vvrvv.d#vv)GpvvJr#nvv7p
G v$v!vv#vdDv.Rpv1nv9pv-E v/G vPv?v),h/&vcvLabv(v,v$v.Rv1v,v.
kkvuv"#v.0nv9nvcnv!
6vso
1v,v$v.#ov2rv,nv%l,kv0&vcvLaobv)C#rvLp+v$v.Rv1v,v.
k,/&vcvLaGOv%ntv"
5#v(v,v$v.,h/hn^v1vl
nv9nv-
bvv(vvJG vv$vv!vvvqvv2vv"Ovv?vv(vv-,h/Ovv2vv3Ovv?vv(vv-,$&vv- vv%8vvKtvvL8vvlvv.Uvv1vv"P vvvkvv2G vrvLBfh/kv2CjDvJ0v= vLOv.dGu|@8vcv.#v"0v.Ovmp#vdUv.Dv2v1v-1vv#Gvv0qvv-G vvlpvv\
rvvLp06vv7pG vvP6vv$rvvE
nvv7pkvv#n
Dnvv2qvv.gohC
obrvv?pvv2vv.1vv-,h&vvSvv#J1vv1vv(vv-h1vv1vv(vv,vv$vv.Uvv!vv7
l
hUo
Er
2n
7l
,hU.Q#.Xdn
;prn
9p,$.@
hqvvJq
QnG vv!qvv-oCf0nvvLnit
ovv"7hGDvvJm#vv)G vvPvv?vv1vv(vv1vv)QoDr0vv.,kvvrvv.e0nvvrovvV
7vv,vv.bvv!vv/U.Dp2p-hUJ0rp-p0.Om
n[. 2.
k#(-8#h0!
n,.:
(1)G vrvL[v2v2,G v?v.#vd$Dvuv.eG vrvLBf,L10,U180,8vlvPv1vLOv.QIG v(vEv",G!0v7:10619VLa@
(2)G (E":106.
137www.alukah.net
kvvrvv.d vv-CDvvJo+vv$vv.:QC0vv:
okvv2#vv(vv.#vv2C&vv2C
nbrvvVpvvL
oGnvv$rvvLG
k,hqvv.dG!GvvL:
vrvJQC0v:oC&v2CDv$pv"obv!v/QCOv2G
ov2vMG
k v!v$v!pvvphG v\
7v1v.Qo8v#tov"o#pv(v-qv.d8vcv. v/:
o412?@=>;<9:’(
%&#$!"/0-.+,)
*@{xp(1)@
S9|,:htn1rm
nCh6dn
O1qJo&.0.Om
o+K0)G Eo!o
$n1r)p?!
G}e:hn>nvvvvJ
nOvvvv1qvvvvJo&vvvv.0vvvv.Ovvvvm
npG vvvvlovvvvLUvvvv7
n#ovvvv&G8pvvvv1
nvvvv7n
pvvvv(nvvvvSrvvvvLpO0vvvv)pG vvvv!
6vvvv-p
G VE1Fp
:G)O0ep
,hOnbr.nIpG P?1(1)E /b2.OIpGu8c. /hDJ
ngo@
CI}O:0n(rSo
LoOnb
r.In(/E s
-E/Gu)k2G P?)p?!
G}e:[vv2rvvcvv.k
!h#vv.G vv$vv.&pvvdo?!kvv21vv1vv:pG vvcvvM0vvMp vv%0nvv9nvv$nvvu
qvv)r#pvv)&vvSvvLpG vvJbvv.Ip
G vv9vv2Gnvv!nvvrnvv-oG vv!
6vv-o$
n>rvv!pvv,vv.,kvvrvvJtvv.fbvv2vvJG
kQnqvv1vvrvv.
k vv1vvQ
n vv-tvv!vv$vv7l
#ovv\vv.bvv7l
,Dvv9vv/E&v,v%O
nv?nv(v.g pvL
nkrvYpv-pChG#pvL
n+ov%@h vuv)r1v$v?vL6OpOGv. pv-pG vP8v?v)n8
nvHnv!6vWn#v)qv1v.Op
G vvcovv2vv.O06vv7p,EP vv%0nvvcovvJr1vv(#vvuvv.fpG vvcvvM0vvMp#ovv\vv. vv2nvv9ovv-o1vv. vvcnvv.rOIE vv/1nvv1rvv9pvv-p, pvv,vv0
q0nvvlrvvrpvvJ
n#vv.8nvv2nvvrqvv/#pvv)tvvLG#vv9pvv-phRvvLnkpvv-p1vv1vv)G vv(vv.S@+vvuvvKG&vvLiCfG vvP
8vv?rvv)nkvv2+vvKgG vvEvv. vv7p
CXE/#o9n(nlq
P.k
!Eo
L807@
G}H: vv,vvKGqovv!rvv(vv.Ef
qG)&vvPvv.f
n/0vv?vv.Ro vv-G)q
rvvJGeobvv!vv/kpvvcvv"G vvS
qvvL8
EPG
8nv%68v,vJ0vJog1v. vPv?v),hqvJ>v.Akv2G vrovLBfG vuvL0v%
po0/*)
,+&%(’"!$#>=@?:
9<;658@{vwp(2)@
G}e:C>v"Ov2rvEv.fG v!6v-p@E&v-O
nv1ov9pv%7C#vLogohn nv.rt
nvLpgnG vuv.kvLhf@hqvJ^
nv,nvLn
Ptv.AoOv1vJp&v.0v.Ovmnphbv2vrvL0v9ov-kv2+vKGG v$v.qpvmp@kv!v.C&v-oC>v.HnUv.Dv2nv1rv-p
(1)0.Om:36.
(2)G 2rLI:216.
138www.alukah.net
bvv)Ovv&G pvv,pvv$vv.#ovv2vv.RvvLIkvv!vv)0nvvYrvv$nvv)nGOvv9vv$vv.b
nvv,ovv$vv.E vv/Onbrvv.n8pvv-,1vv"G vv$vv&t
6vvJo
Cn
&vv,vv$vv.Ovv1nvvu
rvv9nvvlpvv1vv.fp1vvK pvvv
nh vv)0vvPvv$vvcvv.Rvv1vv,vv.
kBGvvLn, vv,vvKG1vvJCtvv0#nvv-1vv. vvJ6b
rvv.Ip vv*Ovv0ep
,
vcv2v.OnIpG v!6v-pG v.GDpvJp, vrvJC
nGrv2nvLnUv.Dv2nv1rv-C
n&6v-o&
nv2pv24#pv)rC&v2v1v.ApG v!
6v-p0ov.D
nv/E v1v-#v./0vvvv.Dvvvv/E vvvv/e
nvvvv1rvvvvLgqvvvv.d8vvvvcvvvv. vvvv/:oWXUVSTQ
R_‘]^[\YZGHEFCD
ABOP@|xMNKLIJ~
}|{zyxwvutsrqpo
nmlk@}xjihgfed
cb@~xa87654321@?>=<;:9(’&%$#"!0/.-,+*@uyp(1),h+vvvvvvuvvvvvvKG&vvvvvvLitvvvvvv1vvvvvvmCf
0vvv.Ovvvmp1vvvJC1pvvv9nvvv2rvvv!vvv1vvvg
pOnbrvvv.n8pvvv-p1vvv$vvv.0vvv$vvvuvvv)Cf0vvvuvvv.f
nCqvvvLHnE vvv/Ckvvv,vvv.en
G vv$nvvJrbovv.80vv)n,kvv,vv%0ovv&r#pvv(vv.f
n1vv9vv#h0vv"pG$Dvv0e
phG vv$vvcvv?vvMGJG vvHvv.Qpq
nvv7p vv!vvcvv.OnIp,kvvrvv.d
E&v-Onv1ovH
rv2pvLo+ov$v.1v$v.0v#8pv1
rv,pv$v.#v)[vcv.em
qnv2rv"nCf0nvLn0v.go,hEf
q+vKGG v9v#h0v"nqvJbv!
6v$nv-o
E0vv.goGu,;vv%Cn
Grvv2nvvLn+ovv$vv.C
n&qvv-/0nvvcrvv2ovvJoB pvv,
nvv7n
G vvlvvLGbpvv(nvv7ph vvuvv(vv-o0vvcvv2ovvJoG vv!
6vv-nGvv. pvvs
ntovv"
8
Rnv2rAm,G vr
nv.pj6G vrv.OpQ
nG v$ov9nvEnvu
8v%n,G vKj/0ovcrv?pvM
ogoRnv2rAl,h vuv)qCtv<vLnG v(qv.Sp/
0vvvcvvv!vvv$vvv.fn
h/0vvvSvvvuovvvLhf@h+vvvKG+vvv.#nvvv(rvvv,nvvv@
o>vvv$vvv1vvvd
pG$&vvv2vvv1vvv.AphG vvv$vvvLO
nvvv!pvvv1vvv)n,;vvv%Cn
Grvv2nvvLn+ovv$vv.CfB1vv.AngohC>vvJGOngo0vvcvvrvv.HnhEOvvEvv.b
nhE1vvLG+vv1vv%nGbvv9nvv(nvvrovv.G+vvKGG vvJ
80vv)n,
hCfP v#)kY"pG !6
-pb!1,%@
CIvv}vvO:+vvKG0vvcvv(vv2Cn
&vv-o1vv.)pXvv.knvv7pE vv/Onbvv.IpG vv9
6vv.Dvv1vvJpG vv9vv2Cn
brvv!nvv(nvv,vv.kvv2
Opv?rv(pv-b
nvL6anUv.Dpv2nv1rv-p1pv(
nvlrvPpv-p,h vuv)r+v"+vKG0nv,ov%7G vl
nv9nv1nv1rv)p?1v$vcv(v/+v"0nvcrvLpkv.fp
B1.Ango,h+"#ncr
Lpkn
9o,$.+Kg8&;
8Lo
k2qn
2o. p,$.t
n0#n-?
G}e:[nv2rvcv.
kknv$pv)nG v$ov&nt
6vJpC
n&6v,v$v.0nvcvLpkv.&pv,pv%vvvvhn
nv.Ov$v.bv.
kvvvvk
nv,nv"r&
nvPpv1
rv9ov%Cf6
Ovvv18vvvJn&vvv.E1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%nPn
+nvvv3nE vvv/#pvvvV
rvvvLn#nvvvdnR
nhr>nvvv9pvvv-pOvvv.QnI
n,hC
nf6
#nvvv!pvvvunvvv,vvv.(G vvvlpvvvLb
nvvv.rfn)
(1)0.Om:37vvvv40.
139www.alukah.net
hn+nv2nv,v.z+v.>nvLnyG v9v2h+nv2nv9rv,v.1vJ
nhrQp+v. pvM
nhr>pv,v.bnv!
6v,v.8
ov(rv?pv3
o v-G v. vJn,knv#n
&rv?nv2nv:
r nv-o
O18Jn&.EO$.b1"n?
CI}O:1!/,+KGUE1Fl@
G}e:#pvv)nG vv$ovv&nt6vvJpCf
6+vvKgG vvrpvvVvv7
n vv%0nvv(rvvP
nvv,vv.G vv$pvvVvvLp0qvv.f,1vv"rv̂v!6vv:kvv2
PGtvvL8pvv,vv%0nvvKr
tovvLh&vv,vv.kvv2#vv?vv. vvQpO
nvv$nvvLp+vv%,h0ovvPrvv$pvvcvv.&vv,vv.$h/Op+pvv%, pvv1
ovvKn
t8vvLh+vv%
1v#f6
v,v%Cqv.QpHnhPhjQnDpv%m
kv21v0OG vcnvLnHp;hG vcv0FvsoG v9v?v.Q06v7
o#v9v1v(v7
l1nv1rv(nv,ov%,
1v. vL6ev%#pv)rC&6v,v% v%0v96v2pvcv.GO0v)Ep1vLG+v1v%nh/EOv$v.bv1v"nhv̂!
7v.G0nvcrv2ovJhfG vSv$vQ
n
G 92t.&.G0oPn$.&,.(Y)@
+vvKG#vv)&vv.Dvv1vv7m@h#vv)&vv.Dvv1vv7mCo
GvvLibvv(vvJ#vv.0vvuvv.fo
G vv$ovv9nvvEnvvJ
8Ko#nvvcvvLhan
G$Uv"pG vuvL0v%p
,kv,vKG0ovPnv,8v"obv!v1v-pbv$nv!
nv-okv2>v$v1vd
pG v$v?v./Jp,$
nfq
tv<v1vLGk
#pv)n
G v(v.Sp/0vEv9vLp#v.f#nv)r0nv?rv,v!v.f
n&nvPnv2nv-o,h/0nvP
rv$vcv.f pvuv0#pv-p,kvuv1vm v.tv.&v.G0c9rpJhfk1-hnX.b7?
1vvvcvvvJP vvvvPn
tnvvvLn
nvvv,ovvv%oG vvvJ
80vvv)nG vvvKj0nvvvJp0vvv)o1vvv-p, pvvv1
ovvvKn
t8vvvL+ovvv%1vvvJ0vvv)pE1vvvLG+vvv1vvv%n,
h v1vcvLpkv.GCn
&6v-o0vJbv.+ov%E v/Onbv.IpE1vLG+v1v%n&vlvPpv,v.,kv00v?pvJhfkv2tv0#pv-evLG1v7
k
k1Pr,o"o8VJp0ro,%
n-@
;ovv%6G
t&rvv9nvvrnvv"n1vv. vvl
nvv9nvv1nvv1rvv)p#pvv)rOnhrQpG/p
tOrvv9pvv$vv.YE vv/Onbvv.IpG vv9vv.Dvv1vvJpG vv9vv20vvJbvv.+vv%
E vv1vv,vv.,E vv/#vvLDvv!vv7pG vv$vvrvv.Qn&nvv7phG vv$ovvlvv.Xvv!vv71
nvv1rvv)n#vv.0vvJbvv.+vv%E vv1vv-,h#vv.+vv%bvv!vv1vv-#vvv)bvvv2vvv.OnIpCQ1vvv.H
m#vvv9vvvlvvvL8qvvv1vvv)n,EPC0vvv,vvv$vvv.CkvvvYvvv"?Cf
r8vvvcvvv2ovvvJ
nE svvv,vvv.
khGDvvvJG
k1vvv1vvvJpgp
G$#vvLotvv!7vv-,ChCf8vvcvv2ovvJ
nB vv,vv7
k#vv9vvcvvJ
8O0vv)n,h8vvuvv.f
n#ovvSnvv96vv9vv.
k1vv1vv(nvv,ovv%oa87
654321@?>=<;:9(’&%$#"!0/.-,+
*@uyp(1),kvv,vvKgG! pvv,nvv7o
G vv9vv28vvcvv2vvJhfXnvvcvv1vvlvv7
l/D
nvv.rdn vv,vv.h/qovv.6I,
kvv,vv2#vvHvv!vv.qvv7l
#pvv<rvv!ovvuvv%,/8vvPvv9vv\vv1vvd
okpvvcvv"R
nvv2rAmE/
q1vv(PfpGuo:9(’
(1)0.Om:40.
140www.alukah.net
&%$#"p(1),h1vv$vv.Cn
fq
8pvv!vvvn
G! vv,vv7n
#nvvHrvv!vv.qvv7
l/8vvPvv9vv\vv1vvd
okpvvcvv"
Rv2Am1pv(nvlrvPpv,v.,h1v$v.Cf
6Gu+v.G vHv. pvs
oG vcv_v1v%p
,kv. vcov2ov.O06v7o
8nv?pv3
o nv-o,$&
6v-+v.
G vvvEvvv.tpvvv%oG vvv$ovvv9nvvvEnvvvu
8vvv%o@@@hGvvv9vvv%tvvv0#nvvv-o1vvv#f
6Ctvvv<
nvvvLnG vvv(vvv.Sp0nvvv?
rvvv,vvv!vvv.fn
qnvvvJr
QnG vvv!6vvv-p,
h0nvvcvv2ovvJhf#vv./0nvvPvv9nvvEpvvs7G vvcpvv2vv.OI
n@oRSTUVph+vvuvvKG&vvLiCn
f6
Ovv1vvJn&vv.0vv.Oovvm
npG86vv2vvd[
nvvLp0vvrvv7n
G vvEpvv.GQhG vv$ovvrvv.Qn&vv7phG vv$ovvlvv.Xnvv!nvv7pkvv2Ovv2vv1vv"p
&n
Sr
LpOb.8p-p@
8vv.1vvcvv:G$e:;vv%bvv.OnE vv/G vvEovv!ovv$nvv1rvv)p0ovv&nh8
ovv,ovv$vv.@k
nvv2nvvS
qvvLnG$hd1vv. vvH
nvv0Up
#pvvv)nG vvvP8vvv?vvv)p,hnbvvv.On8pvvv-pE vvv/b
nvvv$nvvv!pvvv-pbpvvv(rvvvJn
G vvv$nvvv!pvvvvpo)XWVUTSp(2)@
;v%6qv.d v!v<v.&v2E&6v-O
nv1ovErvu
nv%obv!v1v-p1v. vV
6v!rv3p,kv9v#t
ov"oG v\
6v1rvLo#pv)rQCOpv-poRQ‘_^]\p(3)@
h1vvcvvJ#vv.Chqdn0vv.Ovvmo pvvu
ovv"
8#vv(vv,vv$vv.QD0vv.g,Gp vv9vvl
nvv:n0vv.Ovvm
oE vv/G vvPvv?vv1vv)G vvKjO
nvv1ovvlrvvLnLobvv(vv-,hOvv1vvcvv.OE vv/GpvvJ
r#nvv7pG vv$vv!vvv,hn0nvvcrvv$nvv"okvv2Dvv.Rpvv1nvv9pvv-p,kvv\vv!vv3
#vvvv(vvvv-Cf0nvvvvKr
tovvvvLngobvvvv(vvvvJG vvvv$vvvv!vvvvv@qvvvv.d8vvvvcvvvv. vvvv/:oFEDCBA
PONp@
Cj:qv.dn0v.Ovm
o v!vPv?v1v)G vKjGbv9nvrnvJn
C&v-Onv1nv(rv?v.,hOv1vcv.OoE v/GvJ#nv7p
G v$nv!pvvp:CPtovLr&v2bv(vJG v$nv!pvvpG vKjC&v:
nPG+v3l pvHpvJ
r#nv9pv-ph#v!pvupvvn
G vKjOv9ovPrvrv1v-
Gvv$vvLGk
!h+vvKgG/ vv9vvlvv.8vv7o
#vv)0vv.Ovvm[nvv2pvv1vvcvv1
6vv7l
#nvv(rvv\pvvrpvv1qvv7l
,kvv,vv.#nvvPrvv?vv.f
l^ovv!rvv$vv.
k,hqvvJ
nvlvs
n v-G v$v%o
8ov,rv$nv7
ktv.Pp1v7
k,h8v #nvLohGbv!v1v-#v&G#vLIkG
nv2v1v<v7
k,hC
oOrGpv"nG vPv?v)n1vJhf
#vvEvv.tvv$vv7mCh#nvvErvvu
nvv$nvv7mChD
ovvurvv%m
h+vv.G!fn
kvv2G vvPvv?vv),h/0vvJrQjtvv%Ovv1nvv$ovvL7
bvv!vv1vv-#vv)G vvPvv(vv.GJph+vv.#vv.qvv.al^ovv!rvv$vv.
k,hn0nvvH
rvvSvv/Cf0nvv(rvvPvv.gG vv$vv9vv #pvvLhf
nkvv2
G P8
?),hCf0n9rLto.gk1-O(.GJhO(.GJ@
(1)0.Om:40.
(2)(3)0.Om:41.
141www.alukah.net
h vvcvv"G vv$vv!vvvn vv%0vvu
ovv)r0vvcvv!
nvv%o8vvlvv.Uvv1vv"nqpvvV
nvv7p0vv.Ovvmn,h vvcvv!
6vv,vv. vv%8
nvvVpvv!vv-
o
bv!v/G vEvrv1vrv7,h vcv"qG v$v%G v$v9v(vlvK0v)G v$v9v #v1v)qvJq#v.+v. v-bv!v/ev1vLDvrv1vrnv9pv,v.,
kvvv#QGOn0vvv.OvvvmCf0vvv.Upvvv"nG vvvEvvvrvvv1vvvrvvv7n
E vvv/G vvv$vvv!vvvv,hCf0ovvv\rvvv!pvvvc
nvvv-obvvv!vvv/8vvvlvvv.Uvvv1vvv"pG vrvYpv1
qv7tv$v.hqvcv:kvcv0k
,hCf0ov2nv1qv)n v-C&v-#nv_rv!v.e,hC&v-O
ov?pv)n#nv_rv!v.#v.
k,hCf
G $c9J07n
+2G#LCIG cM0M!
tvv"#vv.+vv(vv. vvvCf0vv.OvvmCQGOCf0vv#GvvK1vv.$Ovv2vv.HG vv$vv.O0vv7#vvd8vv.tvv!vv-b!/GuG $P23hG r.OQhG $L0J@
h8Errq
:QD0.t"8
O?1)m
t$.Cn
h6 n
,. -0.Om@
kvvv#o
GpvvvKn
CDvvvJo+ovvv$vvv.hq
ovvv9pvvv",hb
ovvv!8vvvsn#nvvvV
rvvv!vvv.1vvv.k
,h>vvv.AnJrG vvv\vvv1vvvLohCtnvvv!nvvv:#vvv)
QCO-@
hCn
krvvvvLnLnG vvvv$vvvv!vvvvv
obvvvv)G vvvvPvvvv?vvvv1vvvv)pG!G
nvvvvLp,h#nvvvv(nvvvvE
nvvvv-oQXvvvv.go,hCbvvvv.OngoE vvvv/G HpJ
r#n7p,hU.Qn0nPr
r2P vG $!vn
Gn$rLG
k@
hG&rvvfnvv$nvvQ
nP vvvG vvL>vv"kvv2Dvv1vv.IG vvrvvVvvLG vv$ovv9rvvLpknvv7G vv?
nvvJ0vvJnI,hnCn
qrvv2nvv"nbvv!vv/
#ov9nvcpv,v.h vKG8pv,v.hn&nvPpv2n#v.Xv1v-h#vEv(nv9nv-:oMLKJp&
nvPpv2n
G vvP8vv?pvv)nh#vv.kvv1vv-,&
nvvPpvv2nUvv.Dpvv2
nvv-oG vvPvv?vv1vv)n0vv.OvvmG vvKjCh6dn vv-QD0vv.g,hG vvKj
[v!v3#v(v-Cf0vSvLnMn8vlv.Uv1v"nqnvYpv1
6v9pv-p v!v$nv!pvvp,C&vPv/G vSv1v\v.fo
G vPv?v1v)nG v$vlvL6Ln
bvvv(vvv-8vvvKtvvv1vvvLnG vvv$vvv!vvvv1vvvrvvvYvvv1qvvv7p0vvv.Ovvvm,oI~}|{p,Cj:qY/0.Ompk2G P?)#.q.k.
k1YdO(1)@
htv!v$v7z1vYvdyOv(v1v)#ov?rv$nv!
nv7l
ev1vLo#ovEvJ6
OnIp,hG v2vYvdq
kv2G v!vfv70ov\rv!nvso
bv!v/G cJOp#)n;
n0n
;n
7mE /8pPr
c7@
h/&vrvJpQo
bv!v/8vEvJ0vJpbnvJn
OpG vPv(v.GJpG v9v2qvYv.+v.0v.Ovmo
kv2G vPv?v),kr]#.q. -Gu:oI~}|{p@
142www.alukah.net
hEf6
GuDvvuvv1vv%lkpvv1vv$vv.qnvvJ
6Qngo#vv)&vvPvv1vv.fpP vvv
nG vvL>vv"p pvvr
nvvYpvv1
6vv7p0vv.Ovvmn
$&vv-qnvvJ
6Qn#vvSvv.+pvvJ
nhCDvvJG;vv.
k8vv. vv1vv7,#nvv2rvv(pvv1
6vv7k
bvv!vv/1vvrvv.Ap0vv.Ovvmo
kvv2G vvPvv?vv)p$&vv-/0vvL0vvJo
vv. vv1qvv-hDvv2vv1vv2vv-0vv.OvvmnCf0vvHvvLoLn#vv)G vvPvv?vv)1vv.GOvv\vv7CDvvJpQ>vv.dpG vv$vv!vvvCh
1pvvcnvvlrvv.mGvv.U#vv)G vv$vv!vvv,Dvv9vv//0vvuvv.f
n$DvvJp+vv&/ApG vvuvv.kvvL0vv)n#pvv(
6vv7l
bvv!vv1vv-,hD9//0oc
rLnanb(JG (.Sp1#&-#o?
rLpel#oc
r9n
Jm,bl.b(-G $!v@
hE&vvv$vvv.0vvvL0vvvJGu vvv-Cf0vvvHvvvLL#vvv)G vvvPvvv?vvv)1pvvvcvvvMq
8pvvv-phtnvvvLnG#nvvv9pvvv-p,hbpvvvl
6vvv9pvvv-p
h[nvv,nvv.Qn8pvv-p,1vvcvvJ#vv.8
ovvcvv.Oo#vvEvv.t
nvv$nvv9ovv-o,h1vvcvvJ#vv.0nvvS
rvv,nvvJoG vv?vv$vv1vvd
o vv-, pvv1nvvHrvvLoLn#vvLkvv.Yn
G LCS,/0E$p"o#p(6
7k
h/>n$10
kE/uO
o2r
En
.&n
-oh8c. /@
Svv9|vv,:h vvvuvvv)tvvv1vvvmGvvvLLOvvv1vvvJ&vvv.0vvv.Ovvvm#vvv)G vvvPvvv?vvv)?+vvv"v̂vv,vvvLJ
1LGA8-?
G}e:1vvcvvJ#vvLhQ+vvKgG vvlvv9vvLIG vv\vv.0vv!vv7DvvJK#vv. vv%0vvuvv)1vv. vvEvvPvv2vv.fh vv%0ovvlnvvu
8vvLkvv1vv-CDvvJ@ vvrvvJQCiG vv$vv!vvvQD0vv.CqvvYvv:#nvvY
rvv?nvvcnvv-hnD
nvvLn#nvv9rvv-oG vv(6vv.ren@+vvKgG L
7Dr0.t.&:pG P6
2n
3nG $2.RpL
nk2GLhL
pO1Jp&.0.O
omn#p)r#pE
r(n9p-p@
^n
,nLnG/
t+9p$.eob!/ho>.gpG$
nhr/Op,h/Op16$.O.#2@
8v.1vcnv:pG$eqtv0#nv,v.: vrvJQCiG v$v!pvvo
Onv2rvd
n1vrvLGJmOv$v.fm0v#tv!
ov,v)6O
nv2rvdl
bpvv?vv.al,hOnvv2rvvd
nOovv(rvv2ovv0JmG
ovvYrvvLmhC
oGnvvLn0vv.1vvPvv.Jm@+nvv3
6G vv$vv!vvv#vv)Qoqvv.OpgpknvvMpbvv.
k
#nvvLbvv.1vv.k
,hnCn
QnOnvv"n1pvv\
nvv!nvv3pG vvcnvvLqGkvv1vv)n,G vvK0vv)0ovvE
rvvPpvv(vv.fn
8vv#h0vv"nG$Dvv0ep
,h vvuvv(vv,vv%r
bnvvv?pvvvMhGbvvv)8vvvlvvvPvvv1vvvL+vvvKGG vvvE
ovvv!ovvv%p
hqvvv. vvv.GE&vvv,vvv.CXrvvvfvvv.K
oCDrvvv0e
m,;vvv%Gbvvv9vvvLkvvv.G
1vvvvvcvvvvv?vvvvvM+vvvvv%1vvvvvrvvvvv. vvvvv,vvvvv%:{zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcAxy}(1)@
h vvuvv)qP vvvRGO#vv)Gnvv.rapG vv$nvv!pvvvphE vvEvv.Dpvv-pkvv2[
nvv!nvv3p#nvv)r0ovvl
nvvPqvvL vv-
(1)0.Om:44.
143www.alukah.net
Dov!ov$nv-okv2+vKGG v.nqv:p8
nvKn
t6vLnG v(qv.>v2r#pv)nG vP
8v?v)pUv.Dpv2
nv-0v.Oovm
n,h8vKtqvLnC&v-
[vv!nvv3n#vv(vv-Cf0nvvK
rtovvLngbpvv(vvJ
nQn18vv-kvvrvv.d vv!vv$vv!vvvC&vv.Cbvv!vv%#nvv)r0nvvP
rvv9nvv\vv1vvdo
8nvvlrvvPvv1vvLn
G vvEovv!
ovv%p
,CQOpvv!vv.&vv2E vv1vv-$&vv-&vvM0vv"oG vvPvv?vv)p@hGOvv9vv\vvLnOnJpG$oeq:h+vvKGO vv1vv"l
bvv!vv/Cf6
G vvP8vv?vv)ntvv.fkvv2#vvuvv.fm1
nvvcvv1vvJmbnvv)pG vvcovv$vvLGfp,#vv$vv.0vvM0vvJokvv2bvvKGHp
G vvP6vv?vv1vv),he
ovvLn1vv9vv-pbvv)C+vv!pvv-p,EP vv%8vvuvv)[vvLb
oG vv$vv.GUvv0JpOvv,vv!vv7
ktvv$vv.+vv.
G vv1vv.e,htvv.fC+vv"oG vvPvv?vv1vv)p0vvlvv9vvLXvv.fn
kvv2C&vvlovvPpvv,pvv%rCf
6G1vv(nvv,vv%qvvJ#vv.J#vv)
E_7pOn
?r(p-p@
hGknvsnG v$nv!pvv
obv!v/EQOv.dpG vL>v"(G vlv9v/)E v/G vP
qv?v)p pvPv&Gdp0v.Oovm
n,
h v%0vLkovZr0v.Ovm
oh v%0nv$rv9nv(pvdr
bnv)rE>v.1nv7pG
t v\6v!v3,h v%0nvS
rv9nvLpWrEG
rvLG>
nv-o#pv)n
G vvvPqvvv?vvv)p@+vvvKGG vvv9vvvPvvv.#ovvvF
oh+vvvKgG vvvSvvvlvvv.kpvvv1nvvv7o
+vvv2#pvvv)rRpvvv1nvvv%p
CUvvvEvvv.HpG vvv(qvvvlvvv.SpG vcnv_v1v$v7p#pv)nG$
n&rv2v1v.AphG vV
qv. vEv1v)n@kvrv.d vVv.Dpv2pv-pEfq
G v2nvrnvLGJpG vP6v2rvd
pG vP
8v$v.fp
8vvcvv(vv2Onvv2rvvd
nOpvv(vv1vv)nG
nvv18vvLnIk#vv!vv1vv,vv7
n1vv. vvL8RrbphG vvHvvVvv3,0vv#8vv21vvcvvJ+vv.O
nvv2rvvdo
Ovv(vv.GJm#ov?rvJp1
nv7m,8v#tv"#v.Rn
Qnbv.gkv2G vPv2vdp
G$hGFv"p,;v%0v#8v21vcvJn
P vvbv.el0ovfv.Ko
kv1v-pG v(qv.S,h0nvcov%qG vHnv1rvLohG vLRbo‘QRSTUVW
XIJKLM@|yNOPABCDEFGH~}|{@}yzyxwvutsrqp@~yp(1)@
CIv}vO:tvv1vvmknvvP
6vvLn0vv.Oovvm
oG vvEovv!ovv%n1pvv,vvKGG
t vvS
6vvuvv"p? vvrvvJQCiG vv$nvv!pvvv
oOvv2rvvd
n
1vvrvvLGJmOvv$vv.fm,hOvv2vvd1vvrvvLGJmbvv?vv.am,hCh6dn
G vv2vvrvvLGJp1vv. vvP6vv(nvv.GJp,;vv%qChqd
n
G vvPvv(vv.1pvv"1vv. vv$vvMQhbvv.Jp,kvv,vvKgCQ1vvdo
bvvSrvvLI
nOvv(vv7
k,kvv$pvv)C0vv)>vv.An1vv. vvcvv.eG vvKj
0f.Ko
k1-pG (q
.Sohk1-p0ncVpLhf?
G}H:+vvKGO vv1vv"lbvv!vv/&ovv2ovv.6Ip0vv.O
ovvmn
kvv(fGubvv!qvv$nvv-o8vv#h0vv"nG$Dvv.O0vv=,
hCn
&rv9ov%8
nvcrv!
nv$v.fCf
q vuv"&
nv2pv25#ovcv?pvMI
k,hG v$vcv?vMI
o8vuv.fqvL0v2v7
k#v)Dv1v=G v_v.+vL
(1)0.Om:47vvvv49.
144www.alukah.net
#vvv)#vvv.Gt
Rrvvv9nvvv,nvvvLn1pvvv-pqvvv.eotvvv"
8R#vvv.fm@h8vvv#h0vvv"oG$Dvvv0e
ptvvv.fRvvv.Fpvvvcvvv.
kkvvv2P vvvv
G vvM#vv.f,h vv.pGt
&rvvEnvvV
nvvLn8vv#h0vv"o0vv.Ovvmn pvv!
rvvEovv!ovv%p
bvv!vv/G vvPqvv(vv.GJpG$
nQr1nvvcnvv7
nbnvvS
rvvLI
n vv$vv.tvv.fkvv2P vvvRvv2Al>vvJ0vvJl,h vvuvv)qG vv!
6vv-nO
ovv2rvvEvv.&vv-h8vvcvv. vv/Cn
rvv,nvv$nvv-o1vvKt
rvvLpG vvcvv.e
G vHv.#pvQn
bvSnvLn#ovcrv?pvM
nIk
8nvJo
dq
bv!v/&ov2ov.q8pv-p,h+vKg+v2G vLD0v.G v<v. v<v7hG$Gv1vLIkv2
qV70.Omp@
EfQD0v.G v$v!vv8ovSv1vLoE v/G v.nX
rvdp
G vMQGbv2hG/qv9vVv.OjhG v$v. v2Gv0d
G H$QbSLIO(7G r.O#7!1$.k1,.#)QG.A,;%qE],;%e.K!
hEfGuG vvvEvvvuvvv1vvv%nG vvvKj0vvvlvvvcvvv"o#vvv.0vvvSvvv.Ao,qvvvJqnvvvJ
6QnCf8
nvvv$ovvvL6#pvvvV
rvvvLo1vvv,vvvKgG v<v0;v7Gv0dG vHv$vQbvSvLG vrv.O#v7:QGv.A,;v%qvEv],;v%ev.KhChDv/ v-1K vk2G LD0.,Qe%C&-#!vt.kL,t.f0J
qb2G L1.117!
h+vvKG#vvcvv(vv.gCfG vvLD0vv.G vvVvv.Oqvv7n
vv1vvPvv:#vvrvvVvv.QIkbvv!vv/G vvVvv. vvEvv1vv),kvvrvvJ
0vvLi1vvcvvZoG vvuvvlvv.QQoDiUvv.Oqvv7,8vvVvvJ
obo
bvv!vv/G vv.Gqvvd,h8vvuvv.fE0vvEvv.Ak vv,vv%#)GuQoe
r%nt
olr
Lp+p%, pEpur
$n7m0oL0J+.Gu@
Fvv}vv+vv{:h vv$vv.PG vv%0nvvSrvv9nvvLpWrO
nvv18vvJo&vv.0vv.Oovvm
oGovvLh>
nvv-o#pvv)nG vvP8vv?rvv)p;vv$vv(vv.
k
p9#h0"pG Eo!o
%p
?
G}e:+vvKG#vv.bnvv?pvv3
n vv-Ovv1vvJo&vv.#vvEvv$vvJ|EPqvv.d:z*vvQIvv~oGuyovv(r_vv9
k,
yvvtvvOvvv9f*vvzhjEyvv)Qovrvv#m
VvvO*vvOm,hyvv(yvv=pvvDrvvBopvv,GyvvTxvvGvv#p|vv9y
nvv=pvvE
n*vv(Sovvr
oCvv~
C@9!,GyOqGf,}nn
F
n=
rA
o&y(1).
GpOvvv9vvv#&nvvvlvvv:pG$e7G vvvP
6vvvLrOn:bvvv.OG vvvL>vvv"E vvv/G vvv$nvvv!pvvvvp,hnCn
Grvvv2nvvvLngo1vvv$vvv.qvvv.d
0vv.Oovvm
o,knvvPovvL61pvv-phn[
nvv!nvv3n#pvv)rQp>vv. pvv-pEpG
rvvLGLn0vv.O
ovvmn#pvv)nG vvP
qvv?vv)phG)8vv1vv.fn
1vv-E 1-,E/
qCf
60.O
omnQnk
nZnG HLhLn@
(1)G v2vHv.Qj,G vVvEv1vF,60vvvvtv9v.HCDv.O0v=G$&v2v1v.A,1vLqv%3387,h65vvvv1v.H8vlvPv1vLG rLBf,1Lq%4694.
145www.alukah.net
tv.f pv,nvKpgG v?
ov$v!nv7pG$Gv1vLIphq
rvdnG vV
nvJr#nv7pbv!v/&
ovlov.SpG$h/Op,h/Ov16v$v.
>vv$vv1vv"lhOvv.#vv2G vv!qvvKn
0vv)pqvv./:QnknvvZ
nG vvHvvLhLn?tvv1vvm?h vv$vv.PG?h+vv"0vvLkovvZ
r
CDJl
G Eo
L8067?
G}e:&nvvcvv%,EPGtvv.f0ovvLp0rvvJo8
nvvErvvrpvv1
rvvsn
Rnvv2rAmb
nvv_pvv1vv%m
,Cn
brvv_nvv%n vvJ0vv-p#vv)D
ovvLq0qvv9pvv-pPG8pvvv,vvv.@ vvvrvvvJtvvv.f0vvv.O
ovvvmo0ovvvL0rvvvJoCf8
nvvv_rvvv,nvvvLn1vvvLGAn8
ovvv-o,kvvvrvvv.d vvv!vvvL>vvv":b
ovvvJr
E vvv/G $n!pvp,hGO# -b)G (P.IpG 0F2q
n\6
cr)nC0Jp0n,o)q@
oonmlkjihgfedcba:9<;>=@@uzp(1)@
8nvv,nvv!
6vv"nG$h/OokvvLDvv.
khOovvLhQG
k,hnU
nvvl6vvrvv.GG
tervv9pvv2vv.[vv.
k pvvHovv\6vv7pOvv1qvvJp&vv.0vv.Ovvm
n
G K6
t28@
Ctrvv$nvv!
nvv:pG$e7:C
obrvv?pvv3
nG vv$vv!vvvo
1vv9vv#h0vv"0vv.Ovvm,h[vv!vv3EDvvYvv.QngE vv1vv-,h vuv)0v.OvmQkvZG vHvLhL#v)G vPv?v)1vcnvl
rv.m#nv!
nvuv2,h[v. v3G v$v!vv
n1v(bv.OI
1vvEvv=G vvrvvYvv1vv7p#vv)>vvJ0vvJ,kvv#bvv.OG vv$vv!vvvG vv$vvEvv.tvv$nvv7n
,hC8vv/1vv. vvSvv,vv.O,knvvrnvvJ
6#nvv:r
G v(vPv.IoRv,v.On8nv,ov)61v2vLGAIp0v.Ovm,hGbv9vLkv:G#vLCIoG vcvM0vMp1v#&qv,v.+v2G v9v2QGhO8v-
b)&lP-,hC&-bl1m[.+L@
h+vuvKG;nv2ov9nv:
r v,v%1vLGAIo0v.Ovm,hDvuv$v.G1v#&v-1vLjA,h1v,vKG8v(v9v,v2+vKg
G vv$vvEvv(vv7G$Gvv1vvLIkvv2Dvv1vv.I0vv.Ovvm,#vvEvv(vv7G vvPvv?vv)@@@Dvv1vv=Ovv9vv#8vv2G vv$vv(vvF
hG (c%hG c\.0.1cJP v@@@
h+vvuvvKG;vv2vv9vv: vv,vv%1vvLGAI0vv.Ovvmh+vv(vv.c#vv)G vv$vv2vv,vv$vv.Jkvv2Rvv#fG vvcvvM0vvMhG#vvLC8vv-kvv0&vvcvvLaGOvv%tvv"#vv(vv,vv$vv.,tvv$vv.Cf+vv(vv.c#vv2vv,vv$vv.Jkvv2&vv,vv.0vv7+vvKgG vv$vvLCI1vvcvvJ#vv.B#vv(vv:,kvv0&vvcvvLa+vv"8vvMh>vv:0vv.OvvmCe/?htvv1vvmqvvYvv:
1.q2b$L+.!hb!1(.Cf&2r/kr]#dG cLVG rLB&2!!
(1)0.Om:50.
146www.alukah.net
qvvvvv.d8vvvvvcvvvvv. vvvvv/:o?21436587*),+.-0/"!$#&%(’
ZY\[@vz^]‘_RQTSVUXW@wzJILKNMPOBADCFEH@xzp(1)@C#v.1
nvrpv16v7o
G v(8vPv.Ipkvuv.f>v.G1ov,v)q pv!v$v!pvv v$v.O
nv#n
v,v)q
o?21436587*),+.-0/"!$#&%(’ZY\
[@vzp(2)@
CIvv}vvOo
:#pvvPvvuvv1vv)lP vvvG vvcvvM0vvMo, vvrvvJDvv.hndn
1vvuvv.k6vv7p>
ovv,vvJpgpE1vvcvv.OnG vvl
nvvYvv1vvEvv7p
bnvv)&
nvvlrvvPpvv-,h vvuvv(6vv-okvv?vv#I
kh1vvJhfpOvv.1vvspE&vvKGQm,hn>
nvvJn+vv.8
ovv\pvv"7bvv!vv1vv-p#vv)Gpvv0d
G Pq
9.FpLpG P6$1u
n7p !$.X2h8$J
7 pP.&,.@
G}e:+vvKGUvvEvv1vvFl,kvv. vvEvvs
70vvcvv!vv.h/0ovvcvv!vv/bvv!vv1vv-,h#vv,vv$vv.Dvv.hdn
G)&rvPv.f
o[nv$rvQ
nG vEvrv.Fpvsph8vM0pv1rvlnv,v.,kv(&
qv,v./8
nv9nvfnv16vLoh/8
nv9nv2nvJ
6do
h/8nv$v.Jo,
1v"Ep&v,v.8nv_rv,nvLo1vSvuv"
mCtv<vLnhoX
ov.Dv.
kh&nvVv.b
nv7k
,tv. vK6
+nv3pG vHv.ep
G vKj#v9v/Co
R0vv"nbvv(vv-G$n
8vvLp1nvv7o
hG vvS6vv.GFpvv3
o0vv2vvJh1nvvLp0vvrovv-oOvv.[pvvcvv.
k0nvvHrvv!ovv3oG$
n rvv2vv.Hn,h1vv,vvKG
hqvvmG vv?vv$vv1vvdbvv!vv/1vvLGAI0vv.Ovvmp,hC&vv-tvv.f#vvPvv?vv.&vv.k
v̂v!vv$vv.k
[vv1vv!vv7G P(.GJG P.1r7@
G}H:h/8nv(rvPnv.GCfGu8v.b
6vJG vPv.tpv9v1v)bv)G vEvsq,G vLGXv1v)1v. vK
7d8
hG vvvvvvHpvvvvvvK/fphG vvvvvv96vvvvvvEvvvvvvrvvvvvv1vvvvvvLpkvvvvvv2qvvvvvv. vvvvvv-:o,)*’(%p(3),C
njr:+ov%rhEftv.&v.GCtv.1vLnkv2G vJ&v1v.kvPv1ovVv1v2ov,v%U
nvfv.Qbv(vJGu,
Cn
jr:#K q
7@
(1)0.Om:51vvvv53.
(2)0.Om:51.
(3)G$&c.e:124.
147www.alukah.net
Fv}v+v{:h vvuvv(vv2kvvLpMl>vvJ3G pvv_vv,vv.Q1vvLGAIOvv1vvJp&vv.0vv.O
ovvmnphG&vv9vvVvv.Qpg
b!/#n)t.OhG -@
tvv.fG vv?vv$vv1vvdo
kvvLDpvv1vv)nhG vv2nvvPrvv$vv7
ov̂v.+pvvLI
lbvv!vv/h>vv.+pvv,pvv%,E/
qC&6vv,vv%tvv.&vv.G
0nvvSrvvcovvLhf
n1vv. vv96vvcnvv3phG)Q+vv.bph1nvvJChG0vv9vv<vv.A1vv.f,h vvuvv(6vv,vv%U
nvv$6vv$ovv.Gbvv!vv/#vv9vv.1nvvcnvv7pG)&vvVvv.Jp vv!vvrpvvVvv7@kvvrvv.dG$Hvvvv/1vv#S,0vv.Ch/O,G vvrpvvV
6vv7o
#vv.8vvMGd[vv.0vv!vv7k
8E9.L#(.E /hq:m[.0"m
@&K+3G!fn
!(6.eh&9.1deJGk
@
26.rG[n!n
3nC
n1p1r,p%1P
oLb7m,kr.#.Ghq26!.GhG J0,%hP+2.GE /eLk
n9p,%@
N N N N N N
148www.alukah.net
sZ?Qs~(14)*(Sor
op
fR*Ro|pZQn
Gp86vvvlnvvvsnCDvvv$vvvJoh1vvvcvvvZ
oQkvvv.qpvvv-G vvvK0vvv)kvvv.Ro
hGkvvv2G/#vvv9vvvEvvv.&vvv.JpG vvvL6Ovvv$vvv1vvv7p pvv!vvS
6vv,vv.OIpG vv$ovv9nvv.O
8vv\nvv7p1vvM0vv.QIpR
n#vv1vv"m
nvv,ovv%rkvv2G vv$vvJQOvv7p,&
nvv?nvvF
nkvv2G
t#rvv9vvEvv.&vv.Jp
G vvSvv,vv.OnIpG vv<vv.&vv.0vv7p1vv.t
#vv9vv1vv.Rm,kvvrvvJDvvVvv"nbvv!vv/Cbvv!vv/#vv?vv$vv.Yp
bvv0#vv.Jm,htvv.f
G$h6dn
bvv!vv/>vv$vv1vvdp
[ovv0
qHph[vv(pvv-p@h$f
6G vv(6vv?vv.Mn0ovvlvvLpMoh0nvv2rvvcnvv=
oG vvP
7vvLhQnkvvrvvJ
kvvLpDvv.G>vvJGk
vv,vvKGG vvM#vv1vv";h1vv. vvL6evv%#pvv)C&6vv-Ctvv2vvLoOpvv(
qvv.k
#pvv(rvv,vv%hCbvv!vv/kvv2
G vv$vvLDvv!vv7pG vvJQGOpvv16vv7p@E/
qC&qvv-Qkvv1vvrovv,vv%kvv2G vv$vvJQOvv7p,h&vv?vv.D
ovv-o0ovvcvv9nvv2vvL&vv?vv.Dvv.k
pu"8
C1(.Ap+KgG $JQO7@
GpOrvvv9vvvrvvv2nvvv!
nvvv,ovvv%r+vvv.hEGvvv.8ovvv-o1vvv. vvv96vvvLrDvvv.Hp,hqvvv.1vvv"kvvvLDvvv,vvv%1vvv-1vvvlvvvLnM
mCtrvvv2vvvLn,
hRnvvunvvLn+ovv%rbvv!vv/+vvJ06vv9pvv,pvv%,hnq
nvvJ
6e vv,vv%Ctvv.GHnG vvSvvLGHphCUvv(vv.anG vvEvv!vv.iG vv9vv2
CDYL+.GpVq1V.
k ,KgG $(.O27@
Ovvv# vvv.gbvvv)G vvv96vvvHvvvV7vvvWpG vvv?vvv.#vvvcpvvv28G vvvKj0vvv(vvv.jG/p
t88vvv?vvv.gE vvv1vvv-p@kvvvrvvv.d:
O#OGo"ot!17
nG/p
tqr
9pV.OG)O0#2q@
kvrv.dn
CDvJo
G vM7#v0Ap:>v1qvJ!G/pqv9vVv.OoRv2Al#ov,pv%q>pvJGk
,hbv!v$v.AoG/qv9vVv.Opq!1!.f
n&pP21q.
kk210Op&.@
149www.alukah.net
hqvvv.dR#vvv1vvv"lBGvvvL:EPf&vvv##nvvv"nCn
fr
8ovvvVpvvv2
nvvvFGvvv2vvv1vvvLGk
Onhr vvv1vvv.k
kvvv2G/qvvv9vvvVvvv.O,
h p(o
?n,qM
nC&lo
Pn(. p(
oVr
2pFnCe(1.An@
Xn
Epvn
G ?$1do
D2.QGk
,KgG H.[pLnIpG !
q\1ln
7phGt
r
$En
26
2n
7p@
#L6G .nq
r:o
1pPo
Lr
bn
7mhn n
%r0n(r9n2p,.GE/q
b(J#.q.dCDJG $o,n(8
,1)n:
vvvv+"O(_"7+(.! r<JCn
[n!r
(.Gt
r
?!.Sn@
G vM#v0Ao:+vKGUvEv1vFl,h vuv)qG vEvJ0v=
ntv.f#ov$rv9pvcv.
k#pv$qv.>vcv!
nv(v./&
nvSrvcovLo
1pv$ovLhQpG v.nqrv:p@&
nv,nvYv.GhhO6bv.GR#v1v!
nv,ov%,OGbpv1v)n
nv-o1v. v(qv?v.M
pG v$ovP
rv9nv$pvLqh8vEvrv1vsp
CD0#p-pt$.0oEp37h0L>.@
Gpkrv9vLb
nG$
nUvEv.Ho,hbv.Otv"7hGDvJm#v(v,ov%E v/1
nv1rv9pv-p,1vcvJCfpGt
86vlvrv.Gbv!v/
qn
Y.ApG P,LIp#ndnC
nD$J
nhCn
Gn.n0r-p@
1vvcrvvJn
Uvv0IpG vvcnvvVvvLp>
nvv!vvPvv:pG$o
OrvvLnI
okvv2evvLk
nvv7pG vv$nvvcvv1vvSvv7p8vvL8
nvvSpvvm
oCtvv.GHn
G vcvVv1vLpG v2v.QpOpG v9v2#v)Rv#&v,v.E&vcv.Rov,v%,hG v96vLh0vF
obv(v,v%,hEQGD
nv9ov,v%#pv)rDnvL
8
G V61mpG Kj0nu.Oo0nH
r(oro,o%r@h11($.+%tK pv
nq.dG$Ho:
G}H:C8KtLhfb(J#.Pn
+n2r
:o pc1.OnIpUJ0r2G $L0Zp#o(K
obJIpC0.em
?
G}h:O:Cn
>n"r@ $.PG8P#
o(.?
G}H: rJq!:o u
o%r0.#n,KmEf
q+o(.c#l.>#I
kO#o
G2pLo
to%1,.k1$.1cJ@
G}h:O:&n
cn%r,C
n>n"r,+"O9H2pL
o&.1,.G!f?
G}H:&c%@q. n
,.1p\n
L0r7m#o(nf6$n7m!O#
oG2pLo
t%G!f@
Cn
&rvvVnvv:
nG$h/Oo1pvvlovvYvv.dm,hn8vv.1vvd
nG$Ho@Onvv(nvvrovv.eo1vvLDvv!vv7m8
nvvLrkvv1vv,vv1vv7q
nvv2rvv"Cf
82JCn
G P6(7
oG J
8QGOp167
oG ?J0JI
o@
G}h:O:E /C0)?kr. :pG$o
e6:E /#pVLn@QD!7
l1n
Er
Lp067l
@
U.MnG$h/Oo(1.t
&J+.Tm
),CjE&6
(.O(Ltn
3oG 2nE
rLn!!
150www.alukah.net
G}e:C>"@C/8o
Ep2q.f
n+KG?
S9|,: u)r+(.c#oSup!7l
?
G}H:h#.+2+KgG $oSr
up!n
7o
?
Sv9|v,:G vcv.eoG vJQGOv27G v?vJ0vJoOv1v2vJCo
1vcvJDv.G nv2rG$Ov2v.bv1v)p,hG vP
6vlnvLo
0nvvErvv9nvv.LoE vv/EpbvvJGOmhnO
nvvcvv2m
Dvv<vv1vv=m,kvv$pvv)rC0vv)nOvv(vv#8vv21vv. vv.nqvv:pG vvuvv.l
j)DrvvYvv.Qp
1\.q.JpG P6
ln
Lh@@@@
G}H:+vKg+v2G v$ovSvupv!nv7o
?/8v,v9v$qv.G1vK vv,kvrvJ>nv,6vMr&v.t
ov"6Rv2AmOhf
n
Cf8ovvvEpvvvP
qvvv.G,h vvv)&vvvEvvv9vvv.LnE vvv/Ctvvv<vvvLn#pvvv)rCOvvv2vvv.bvvv1vvv)p vvv!vvvK6
+vvv.HphG vvvcvvv.OnIphR0vvv.QnIpG$#.t)pG$;L067pht"
8#.&L0J
oCf&LGgo+(.c!!
knvv9nvvF
nG$h/OoCkvv.G+nvv,ovv%1vv.t
&vvJ+vv.Tm
,h vvuvv)6G vvJ6+vvSnvv7n
RG vv:r
bvv)CDvv$vvJnqvv2vv"n
CG.n0r-pkP#d:h#9/O(2JCG LD!7?
G}H:1cJeJm1(PfpGu@
F}+{hS9|,:h u) $.PGG2#r
8o%b(q.+KG?
G}e: vv9vvuvv.fn
#ovvlvv.>vv#Ik
>vv$vv1vv!vv7k
,;vv%8vv\vv2vv1vvrvv.k
vv!vvP7vv(6vv7pG vv(
6vv2nvv.p06vv7pG vvS
6vvL0vvl
nvv7p@kvvrvvJ
hU6vv.&vv.QnO
ovv.doGu|1vv. vvupvv9vv$vv.fp@kvvrvv.d:zGt
S
rvvAvvgvv+vv"vv(Gfvvzvv)E!rvvGvv9Mp
Ivv(GFpvvGpvvwovv~
<v9yvwpvAv}v9fpy(1),kvuv<v1vLG
k#v.0nvl
rvSnv"oG vcnv$nv"ovvvvChG v$vSvLhY
ovvvvEPG8v%6G)bv0f
obv(rv-o@
h vv.CGvv2vvLr&vv.tovv%1vv,vv.k
nvv!nvvLo1vv$vv. vv%8vvPvv9vv\vv1vvcvv.GEGvvlvv.AnG$#vvLpbvv)CUvvEvv.1pvvu
ovv%vvvvhEf
r
hnU61r(.t
o%r@
Ovuv9nv:r
qv!v1v0k
;v%qv. nv:r#ov2v9vPv$v7
k: v1rvPv:
r+vKpgptv"6G v$vlv.>v#Ip!&nv_nvLnG$h/Oo
E 1,.h+289.1do:zG. 9ou
o%hRh>
o,.O1u.&.fp#ncn(.y@
(1)G 2H.Qj,1Lq%660,h#P!%,1Lq%1031.
QhGgG v\v2vLG&v2hev1vLgtv<v1vLhf,1vVv1vfv7:zGOv9vcv1v(v.Gbv!v/E&v?v.MG vEv.GFv@1v. vuv9v$v.f,kv(ft"Pj&c$7#EP.Oy@
151www.alukah.net
h+v(v.bv0G v,ov9v.ao:hnGt
1v(v9ov,v.Ov.QIo
!!0v.G v!6v-o!+vKg+pv2nG v$ovlv.>v#I
oG vEvrv1vrv1v7
o
vvvvDvvrqvv.k
&vvEvv)okvvLDvv.fn
, vvrvvJpGt
Rrvv9nvvrrvv(vv.E vv1vv,pvv%>pvvJG
k,hGvvVvv.Uvv.
kG vvVvvfvv1vvLInG vv?vv$vv1vv!vv7
n
O.QIn
,O9u.fo
QD!9o(.#o$r9pcn
7k
p!f.0n7p@
CDQ6G ?$1d
o1. Pc.OIphG E
o2.Qp@k?#I
kq.dG$Ho:
G}H:h u)r+(.cR2Al#o,p%40n?p3oC
nfr
&n
9n
En
J6
Kn
b(-o@
Gp 9n
ln
9o.GE 1-p>$1c.
k@#o9nP.Fp!1)n:#.+.?
G}H:C/8vL0vJhfn
RpvLGAn1vcvZpG$
nRv1v.Ap#pv)+ov(v.c1v#&
rvlovPpvuv%,Cer8vuv9vlv.f
n
1$.O(oEYpLog&E)o:C&.hC#7u
o%?
G}h:O:1"&S9Lj#.0ocr
?p2o(.1#&
rlo
Pp(.@
G}H:EPfr
Ovv#o
bvv\pvv1nvvuovv%#vv.0nvvu
rvvlpvv1
rvvuovv%,bvv!vv/Cf
r/8
nvvSrvv9nvvLohGE/
q#vv.8
nvvLnhr&
nvv-o
#ovvlvv1vvJGk
@kvv!vv)8nvvErvvV
ovv!vv.Gbvv!vv/#vv.dmevv1vvLpgp,h vv)COvv$nvvFn
$DvvJptovv%1vv./
tqvv9vvLGVp#pvv)
CG1-@
CI}O:ht%On
9o
cr
\p1r(.?
G}H:Ovvvv#bvvvv\vvvv1rvvvvuovvvv%#vvvv2vvvv. pvvvvg
n#ovvvv9nvvvvPvvvv.h0vvvv7k
:8nvvvvurvvvvlvvvv2 pvvvvSpvvvvLGApG vvvvY
qvvvvLhQj#vvvv)
G E.>.J@
Gp1v9vPnv%nCDv$vJo:hnO
nvunv:n
>v$v1v"l#ovlvu8vLGk
kv2G$n
#rvLp@h vuv)qOv.#v2qv.d:+v"Ovv#Dvv$pvv"o1pvv1
nvvJpj+vvKGG vv$vv2rvv!nvvgn
?/, vv)BGovvKn
Rvv1vv,vv.k
@Ovv#o
1rvvrpvv2G vv$vv.dn#nvvcnvvu
ovv%,hBGvvK
o
#pv(v-EPGCn
QnOrJo,kv#&v.CGv.aoCn
fr
Co
Xnv1qvcnv-o@k
nvrnv]n
Onv#n
Drv$pv"okv2>
nv1rv2pv2#ovlnvu8vLnIk
Co
Onv?
8v"o
b!1,.G $n2. pgn
G 92O Go
Ko
+.D9q//C
oGr
\p/Aok2G EpP.Hp@
F}+{:hC&.tK v@k,KGCn
tr
<LoC#.&.
k@
CIv}vO:C#qvv.C&vv.kvvPvv GvvKo
G vv$vv.dn#vvcvv2,kvvrvvJUpvvLJotvv2vv1vvLGk
,h vvuvv)rOvv#kvvcvv"o
Rnvv1rvv,vv.
kqvvL0vv2vv.
k#pvv$vv.q
ovv!rvv9ovv$vv.@Ovv#
o>nvv,8vvMo#pvv)nG!fpqvv.Fvv$vv7
k1vv.$Rvv1vv.ApG vv9vv2CQ0vvJoRpvvLGA
n+vv.#(rc.
k !(
8Pr1.fp@
152www.alukah.net
G}Ho:yvvvvwovvvv~|vvvv9@
ovvvvQ*vvvvOhfnfvvvvzvvvv)Cf@ovvvvJrvvvvTpvvvv"vvvv(GG:L
rvvvvAvvvv+vvvv9Qnpvvvv;@
ovvvv=nvvvvP
xQhG,
}fvGuNs9d:owvutsp(1)@
G}e:#v.QC0ovuov%?
nvJn
j6kpvuvLIl
Cbv9nvrpvJo
C&6v,v.#v(v.Opv2v7
l,8
nvPv$vF
o nvuov%1pvSpvLGAptv"
8
#.8o
L0Jhf1pJhfpCn
fr
8o(rlpr.Gt
n<1LG
k#p)rC#.G pu
o%r?
S9|,:t1m?!
GnvvlnvvYnvv:pG$
oe7qvv!vv1vv0
k#pvv)Dvv$vv.O
nvv9pvv,vv.hqvv. vv::/,bvv!vv1vvuovv%C&vv9vv%G vv9vvlvvuvv1vvLo
hG vvv96vvvHvvv\vvv1vvv]o,h/0nvvvVpvvvF
7Cfr
Ckvvvu8vvvLbvvv(vvvu
ovvv%E/
qbpvvv(rvvvJ#vvv.8vvvcvvv?
nvvvMohfn
@0vvvuvvvlvvv2C&qvvv2
Cn
br
\n1r9ou
o%oG lpuLI
nG $n2JFp1
67n
@
G1vv9vvPnvv%nG$Hobvv(vvJ#vv.QCiCh/OngohqvvJpG
t&rvv,nvv$nvvuvv.Gkvv2Dvv"
8G vv!
7vvfvvMp:tvv1rvvm
n
0S9Lhft"6#.0rL0Jhfn
1#Oc.QmCn
qn
"6@
1vvcvvJ8vvlvvuvv1vvLm,qvv.dCDvv$vvJ:0nvv?pvv3o
bvv!vv1vv(vv.Chq/k
8vvJh0vv)o#vv.&nvv.nO7RpvvLGA
ng,tvv"7
hGDpJm#p(q
.b!/hQq7m#P9rp!6
7m,krJ&n
?pJo
G En"q@
&nvvvlqvvvKhGG vvvlpvvvuvvvLI
nOoh&
nvvv$vvv.Ep1vvv\vvv.Am@h
nvvv$qvvv.G&vvv9nvvv,nvvv.GqvvvLChG#vvv.t
nvvv9nvvv2ovvv.G,kvvv(PG1vvv,vvv%
0L0JhfEDY.QnCR1.Am#o9nS.1p,n7mkr.d>$1"o: rJh>Jr
JoG E"6@
GyG}+h:#.+.?
Fv}v+v{:C vPv(v.>v$v1vcv.k
COvLIk
hGDvJIk#ov9qvlvrv7
kh#ov9vcv.hp&v7
k,htv"7#v.0ov.>
nvJo
kv2G 21:p&P9c$!
o-ot!
7(.?
+vvM7hGQDhOnvv,ovv%rE0vv?vv.1vv.
k@k
nvv9vv.1nvvd
n>vv$vv1vv"l@k
nvv!pvv$vv.PG/&
nvv9nvvcvv.hnf
oG!f
nC0vvYvv.
k
h&nvvSrvv9vvLjG$Rvv1vv.AnG vv$ovvS
rvv9nvvLntvv7
nhn&nvvrrvv9nvvPpvv%o;
nvv$vv(nvv,vv.,h1vv,vvKG&vv.k
8vvLo;vv$vv)G vv9vvcvvJqOp,h1vvcvvJ
P v&S9LjD.>p1q.8p(.G H.U6
7n
t"41$lLOpgp@
G}ew:CDP(r:n@+KG#.CQO8o-o1. lpc"@
(1)G)OLGA:27.
153www.alukah.net
G}H:h+vKG#v.0vPv$v/1v. v96vHv\v1v]G/pt
qv9vVv.OpjqG vKjDnv<
6v(v.bv!v1v-G)Ov0e,
hP vvvbvv(vvJ#vv.Dvvuvv/ vv(vv.qpvvV6vv7
nOvv18vvJp&vv.0vv.O
ovvmnpbvv(vvJ#vv.ChqdnQD0vv.G vv$nvv!pvvvp:
zG vv2vvrvvLGJpG vvPvv2vvdnG vvP
8vv$vv.f
nykvvuvv.&vv:#vvuvv.kvv#8
ovv-oCf
r>nvvcnvv!
nvv-oG vv$nvv!pvvv
obvvM0vvMG
k vv$vvVvvLn
to!
8,.@@@@
@@@8vvv(vvv.+vvv/E vvv/COvvv$vvv.bpvvv,pvvv%Unvvv.rJoG vvv$vvv&Pfp0vvv(vvv.Oj pvvvV
nvvv0IpG vvv$nvvvfvvvLpHp@&nvvv,nvvvYvvv.G1vvvP
ovvvLbvvv7m,$fq
hqvvv:G vvv$nvvvfvvvLpHpqvvvVvvv1vvvLl,h8vvv.X6vvv#hGhC
nOrvvv2nvvvfvvv.GG vvv.Xvvv.An
hCOrvvLbvv.G vv!vvV
qvv0I8nvvVrvvJ0vvrvv.
k vv!vvE
nvvJ0vv=pG vv$nvv.rqvv.apG vvKjQhGgG vvVvvEvv.1pvv27Onvv!nvv$nvv7
o1rvv)o
G$n
trvvv.nY
pSzC
nfq
QOvvv.dnGu|tvvv.f0ovvvVnvvv!
qvvv2G vvv$nvvvfvvvLpHnEPGe
nvvvLn1nvvv:pG vvvS
6vvv$vvvQ
o
hn8n.GQnJr1. Ep?.Hpy
(1)@
1vvcvvJqvv!vv1vv"m
DvvYvvLG$UvvJqvv.Ao,kvv.Ovv9vvrvv2vv!vv9rvv,ovv%oG$OvvLIo
hC#vvYnvv.rG#vvcvv.
kOnvv,rvvLnIk
#o$r9pc7k
,CG2n
LnG$h/Ook1,.Qk.q
n,o%1pLpD
r!n
9p,%p
G $n.rb.OIpkn
Jn
bn.G
n,o%1. Pc.OIp@
GvvLLnG vvYvv1vv.ao,kvvrvv.#nvv:pG vvcvv.Fvv!vv7o
hUvv!6vv:G vvcvvSvv.AhC
nhr8nvvLnJ;vv%&vv.#nvv:
r,
OhfEtvv$vv.dpG vvrpvvVvv7p,kvvrvvJqvv.dQOvv.dGu|:zGpFrvvgvvzvv(GBLpvvQnYvv;@pvvw
ovv~<vv9yvvzvv+vv{p
h@vvvQGky(2),(htvvv.f0vvvPvvv9vvvEpvvv3
7Cf0ovvv&nGpvvvLG vvvcpvvvSvvv.A@@@htvvv.f0nvvvuvvvLngoG vvv(qvvv.renqnvvv2rvvv!vvv,vvv.
hG EJ0=n
1cJn+.@@@)(3)@
bvv.OnG$Hokvv2G vv1vv.eG vv9vv. vv2#pvv)rbnvv$nvv!pvv-p1vvcvvJC
nfpGt
Orvv9nvvE
rvvVnvv"nbvv!vv/G)Pfp
!pP6
ln
Lp1Sn
u"m
QnOr$2@
S9|,:Cn
)r&o
9.1pdnG rpV
67n
G 1n.en?+"O((.eo1.tLGk
#)C>"pG Pq
lL?
G}e:/, nv)r&
ovYnv1qvdnG vl
ovLrU
nv7n
G v1nv.ren,1v"Ov(v9v.1vdoG vrpvVv7
nh&vLi#v.D
nvVnv"n
pvPnv18vJ&v.0v.O
ovmn
1vcvJEGvLG>pv-p#pv)nG vP8v?rv)p,h8v#h0v!pv-pQD0v.G v$v!vvphEtvLGe
pG v$v!vv
-@
(1)CGL>-G 2H.Qj,1Lq%561,h#P!%,1Lq%636.
(2)G 2H.Qj,14vvvvt9.HG .8L,1Lq%998.
(3)G vv2vvHvv.Qj,9vvvvtvv9vv.H#vv.Gqvv1vv:G vvVvv0I,40vvvv1vv.H#vv.0vvuvvLg#vv)G vvPvv$vvL1vvcvvJG vvcvvSvv.A,1Lq%599.
154www.alukah.net
F}+{:h+"8(9,2G rpV6
7o
G 1.en? rJt.&:qpV7k
[.0!7m@
G}e:+vvvKGUvvvEvvv1vvvF,h vvvuvvv(vvv,vvv.#vvv!vvv1vvv,vvv71vvv. vvvcpvvv2vvvLphG vvv$nvvv.Gbvvva,h vvv,vvvKGtvvv.&vvv:
Cn
DrvvP
nvv)G vvrpvvVnvvW@O
nvv(ovvEvv.hpdo
E&vv,vv.An+vv.G vv1nvv.ren,hE/q
Ovv(vv9vv.1pvvcovv,vv.Gpvv0dQpDvv!vv9vv(vv.kvv2
G 2.GLI@
S9|,:#.C>$!,.kuLI!Gt
1JF21.t
O%p
G !6
-p@
G}e:+vvKgG vvrpvvV6vv7
o+vv2G
nvv1rvvLoO vv1vv"
mbvv!vv/Cf
6GuN0ovvEpvv3
qG vvVqvv.1vvL0vv),
hn0ov<pv1rv2ov,v%bv!v/U
nv2rvLp+pv%rCkvYv"nG v$nv<v.1nv7po>;<9:~}|
{zp(1)kvvvv2vvvvcvvvvJG vvvvP6vvvv?
rvvvv)phG vvvvY8vvvv1vvvvsphG vvvv_
7vvvv!vvvv%
pG vvvvKjC
oUvvvv1vvvv3
n1vvvv-O
nvvvv18vvvvJo&vvvv.0v.O
ovmop,kvLqLGubv(v-t
ovLr1nv9nv-o,1pvE
nv1rv=o
Uv.Q#ov\rv!nvsnG vV
qv0Dpv1nv7pkv2CQVp
#pvvVvvLn,0vvK+vv3o
Dvv1vv<vv$vv.0vvL0vvJoh0nvv9vvVvvLqaotvv1vvlvv$vv.0vvSvv.A@hqvvJqvv.dG vvSvv.bpvvLo(2)0vvcvv2qvvL
b)+KgG E.d:
zhQGAn#vvvYvvv1vvvspG vvvHnvvv.rap#ovvv96vvvP
nvvvdoG$#rvvv)phCh6d
o#nvvvvvvvlrvvvvvvvLhM
m1pvvvvvvv-pevvvvvvv.0vvvvvvv7
oG vvvvvvvEvvvvvvvMfp
kvvvvv08nvvvvv1rvvvvv#
nS,kvvvvv. vvvvv!
6vvvvv-o#vvvvv!
qvvvvvv
n0vvvvv.Oovvvvvlvvvvv.
kGnvvMGFpvv(
nvv-o1vvcvvJ
nG vvH
nvv0Up#vv)G vvP
8vv?vv)y
hGuOv2vEv.&v-h8vcv. v/qv.dkv2P vv:o;<9:?@=>p(3),hqvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:oihgfedcba;<9:?@=>@{z3412785@|zp(4),h vvv1vvvQ#vvvcvvv(vvv/+vvvKGCf
6G vvv!
6vvv-n
nvvv)r0vvvJqGpvvvL
n
pvv1ovv.O
ovvmnp;vv.GHnG!GpvvL
nIpG vvKj0nvv\vv$vvFo
nvv-otvv"7G vv$vv&#vv(vv1vv),kvv. vv$vv&#pvv)o0vv(vv_
ovvLo
(1)G u,m:21.
(2)0.Om:56vvvv57.
(3)hq.dG S.kc2S:
h vvvvvvvvLH&vvvvvvvv.R vvvvvvvv70vvvvvvvvYvvvvvvvv1vvvvvvvvs vvvvvvvv,vvvvvvvv.G vvvvvvvvlvvvvvvvv9vvvvvvvv/PQbvvvvvvvv.k
,hbvvvvvvvv(vvvvvvvvJGu#vvvvvvvv(vvvvvvvv,vvvvvvvv.G vvvvvvvv$vvvvvvvvHvvvvvvvvLL
Xvvvv.qvvvv:,kvvvv!vvvv$vvvv.GOvvvv9vvvvEvvvvuvvvv$vvvv:Dvvvv!vvvvrvvvv.8vvvv,vvvv.kvvvvvvvvL>vvvvvvvv:,htvvvvvvvv(vvvvvvvv:C^vvvvvvvv(vvvvvvvv,vvvvvvvv./8vvvvvvvvlvvvvvvvvLL
(4)0.Om:56.
155www.alukah.net
Onhr#vv.k
E vv/G!GpvvLnIphn&
nvvcpvv1
rvv$pvv,vv., pvvcpvv!rvv$pvv-pC
n&6vv-oOGFvv%lh/&vv,vv.Fvv24,kvv2Dpvv1vv)pC
nf6
&nvvcpvv1vv%n
G J7&r
1.RGF"lo3412785@|zp(1)@
8vvv.1vvvcvvv:pG$e:bvvv(vvvJ#vvv.Co
DrvvvYpvvvL
n0vvv.OvvvmoE vvv/G vvv$vvv!vvvv1vvvcvvvJ
n^ovvv,vvv.Q1vvvLGAn8pvvv-
h[v,v.Q8v-,GROGOEbv?v.HG v$v!vv1v-p v$v.qvlv- v9v$vuv1v)1vLGA8v-,kvcvLaC&v-zQ>"G $LD!7G r.O#7yG $&+" r1.OIG 20O,k2O(.GJG ?JH@
h vvvvvK vvvvvvCn
#nvvvvvLnG vvvvv$vvvvv!vvvvvvo
1vvvvv.Orvvvvv9pvvvvvH
rvvvvv0n
Upvvvvv-p vvvvv-{}|{z},0nPr
9n
Hr!pV
o-o (lP-,h0?cn!o
-o1$u.fpG $P9S.QphG (6?28hG V6
J0s@@@
htnvv!6vv%n0vv.Ovvm
oG vv$vv!vvvn
1pvvcvvMqIm,h/DvvaG vv$vv!vvv
okvv2tvv0e0vv.Ovvm
np
G vVvJbn
hG v?pvJ8
06v7n
,kv.ROGOnEbv?v.1ov-o1v-@h8v#t6vJn
G v$v!vvo
Cf6
&nv_rvLn8nv-okv20v.Ovmkv2
#nvvEnvv!
8vv,vv.,hC&vv-C
n+rvv"l vv!vv9vvuvvL0vv%hG vv9vvlvvYvv1vv",8vv#tvvJ+vvKGbvv(vvJ#vv.qvv.1vv!vv-,bvv(vvJ+vv.C
nGrvv2nvvLn
G vvv$vvv!vvvvo0vvv.Ovvvm
n1vvv.$#vvv.f:oyxwvutsrp(2),QO6
0vv.Ovvmopbvv!vv/8vvuvvL0vv%
pG vv$vv!vvv vv-qvv.Fvv0
k:oponml
kjp(3)@
[v!v3n0v.Ovm
op#v)G v$v!vvCf0v?vcv!nv-bv!v/GvMGFv)G$QV,C
njr:
0vvuvv.fo
#vvPvv&h/k
bvv)G vvHvvMGFvv)phG$#vv.Gdp,hG vvMqQGbvv7p,hG vv96vv$rvv.0vv),hG/qvv9vvVvv.Op,
hG 9H\1]pk2G $LD!7G r.O#7@
hCGvv2vvLnG vv$vv!vvvo
bvv)#ovv&n+6vv!nvv1rvv)p#vv)#ovv&+6vv08pvv-p vv,vvKGG vv$vv(vvVvv3:olk
jp@
E&vv-Dvvlvv1vva:0vvEvvlvvao
G$#vv.&vv7n
hG vvcvv,vvJn,h0vvEvvlvvao
G vv$vvPvv&h vv1vv7n
hG vv$vv(vvVvv3n,
kv1vrv.eo1v-Gv1vLoqv1v.e,h0vEvlvao
G v$v.dnhG vJGv"nkv00vYv1vcov-o,h0vEvlvao
G vMQGbv7kv0
0o2J8
Oo+.,h0Elao
G 20Onk00oY1qc,.,h0Elao
G (.Snk009Lto,o%#dG ?.Y@
(1)0.Om:57.
(2)0.Om:54.
(3)0.Om:55.
156www.alukah.net
hE&v-bv!v1v%:0nv$rv!pvvo#v)G vcv!v%hG v$vcvLkv7hG vHv2vLIhG vuvlv.0v7,#v.0vcv1v(v-bv!v/
COGA+KgG $n,n$67G H\1LI@
CIvvv}vvvO:htvvv1vvvm0vvvrvvv.dOvvv1vvvJo&vvv.0vvv.Ovvvmo vvv!vvv$vvv!vvvvCf0ovvv.n
qvvv1vvv-bvvv!vvv/GvvvMGFvvv)
G$QV,C/0H.aCf0$(c-G $!v#)P v?
G}e:Efq
G vv$nvv,vv$6vv7G vv9vv20vvrvvJebvv!vv1vv,vv.0vv.Ovvmp8vv9vv\vv!vv3#vv$vv)0vv9vv./q
+vv.Cf0vv9vv$vv9qvvd1vv. vvEvvlvvahG$#vv.&vv7hG vvcvvlvv7hG vv(vvMG+vv7,hCf0vv9vv$vv9qvvd1vv. vvcvv!vv%hG vvHvv2vvLI
hG $cLk7hG 9H\1],hG$#LGf#9.kq
LGfk20.Omnpb!/C8%8h>-@
S9|,:#.#c(/+KGG u0e?
G}H:[vv!vv30vv.Ovvmop8vv.
qvv2nRvv&h&vvsG vv2vv0O,kvv,vv.0vvrvv.eo1vv9vvYvvEvv1vv7
tvv2vv1vvLIm vv1vvHvvJo
enG vv(vv.Sn:zh vv%0vvuvv)0vv.Ovvmo0vv\vv!vv3
o vvSvvHvvVvv-h+vv.0vvLiEqvv2vv.dn
G v$v!vvbv!v1v-,kv,v.G&v9v_vLG v!vEv_v7G v$v(v.Ov2v7 v\v!v3+vKgG v$v,v$v7, v1vuv.f#vPv&h/k
bvv)E[vvcvv.eRvvcvv3tvv.#vv",hRvvcvv.HtvvK vvv8vv?vv.hQogo,[vv.GdnOvv2vvdn
Ovv(vv.GJ,/
Rn
QrYn
k1,.hXn
LrY(1)@
kv(fG v9vuvl7v"n1v([vcv.eR
nvcrv3
m>v.Fvd
mOnv2rvd
nOv(v.GJm#ov9nv.G v1v7m/0vrv.doCDvJ
lE&v-
evvv(vvv1vvv$vvv7l
,E&vvv$vvv.+vvv28pvvv2rvvvcnvvv7
l0nvvv,rvvvLoHo#vvv(vvv,vvv.G vvvL>vvv.d
o$&vvv,vvv.qvvvJ8
ovvvunvvv!8vvvlovvv,ovvv%QDhOvvv,vvv%,
hG vv?vv.Yotvv.kvvLl,hqvvJ8vv$vvM6bo
G vv?vv$vv.+vv1vvLoG vv?vv.Fvvcvv7o
C>vvPvv.On+ovv%kvv2 vvEvv_vv.JpG vvuovvlrvvLp
hG ?(.f(2)@
Fvv}vv+vv{:htvv1vvmGvv\6vv]
nOvv1vvJo&vv.0vv.Ovvm
op?h+vv"tvv.f+vv.Uvv.Dvv3o
G$#Lk2#)+o%rCb!/#(-?
G}e: v$v.ho 8v2n0v.Ovm
o#v(vVv3n
bvM0vMp#pvVrvLn v%0vuv)#v?vLOn8v.1vd v!v$v!vv,
#vv(vvlvvKm vvSvvLrbpvv-ph&vv_vv.#pvv-,h vvuvv(vv-Uvv.Dvv3oG vv9vvVvvLaphG vvuvv!vv$vv7phG vvrvvLGQ,0vvlvvcvv"o#vv.
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U180vvvv18119VLa@
(2)G $L>dG P.1s,U181.
157www.alukah.net
0S.A,1JhfE&u.Qmb!1-ChGb9LGV,ChE1\.dmhE f.Am#)qp2n"pG $!v
(1)@
G}H:h/0ov$rvupv(ovuov%Cf8
nv9nvH
nv16v!v.GG vJq
6v7o
hG)8vrv.fn
hG v$v,v.QInG v9v2&nv_6v%n1v,v.
0vvv.OvvvmopRvvv&hf
nG vvvJh vvv7kvvv2tvvv.kvvv7G vvv$vvv?vvv./JG/qvvv9vvvVvvv.O0qvvv7phG vvvPvvv1vvv.Ovvv18vvv7
hG$#vv(vv16vv7phtvv"6#vv.0vvHvv\ovvLo1vv2vv. pvvuvv%#vv)Rvv&hfm8
nvvHrvv9nvvW
71pvvEovvu
rvv%p
G vvJh vv7(2),kvv2vv(vv/G$+vLGAGJG vYvHv$v7,G v9v20v$vuv(v,v.Cf8v9vPvd vuv"G vrv$vF,G vKjG+v9v%1vMQGbv9v-Ctvv<vvL#vv)evv1vvLg,[vv2vvcvv.
ktvv.&vv.G0vvMQbvv.f#vv)>vv$vv1vvdG vvEvv2vv.HG vv9vv20vv$vvuvv)E&vv2vv.8ovv,vv.
+vv(vv.c,kvv. vv(vv.S vv)0vvcvv1vvSvv.Gbvv!vv/G vvrvv$vvF, vv,vvKGUvv.Q0vv.Ovvmop(bvvM0vvMo
#pvvVrvvLn)0vv#G
ovvKo
G vvrvv$vvFn
1vv. vvKGJknvv1vvHvvMof
oCtvv<
nvvLgotvv$vv.+vv.,Cj1vvJhfCf0vvPvv9vvHvvL>vv-
#vv)Ovv(vv2vv!vv-,h/0vv,vv9nvv%71vv9vvHvvM0vv)evv1vvLpgp, vv,vv00ovvVvv.HoG vv(vv.Sn1vv. vv?vv.Yqvv2vv"ChGfpG $?.b7@
F}+{:h u) $.PG8LcG r$Fk2O(2!-?
G}H: v1vEv.kvabv!v/Ov0#v9v-#v)G v9vPv.7S,hqvJ;nv2ov:
nbv!v$v1v.
kCfG vrv$vF
EPG1nvvrpvv2nkvv2O
ovv(rvv2ovv!pvv-p0pvv_nvv"7#ovvE
nvvV6vv(vv.
kh#nvvE
rvv$pvv1vv.k
#vv)G vvPqvv.S@hqvvJGOvv9ovvlvv1vvJn#vv)kpvvc
rvv"p0vv.Ovvm
npOvv0#nvv7n
G vvHovv\6vv7ph&vv?vv.MnOvv1vv.Ovv7pG vv9vvHvv\vv1vv],h8vvcvv!vv1vv%nG vv(vv.Stvv1vvlvv1vv7
n
DpvlrvapG vEv2v.Hp#v)G v96vPv.7S,h+v.EQRv.OlvvvvRQGbv2Qkv1vd
oG v$vPv9v.i(3)vvvvh+v(v.cOvv2vv3
lBGvvLo8vv_vv,nvvLokvv1vv-G vvLDvv$vv7o
1vv?vv$vv1vvdG vv$vvHvv!vv.qvv.Jp1vv#1vv,vv/#vv_vv.+vvLp+vv.kvv. vv$vv?vv.bvv7o
Dvv1vv)8nvvEpvv"q,8
ovvVvv1vv3
o>vv$vv1vvdG vv$vvHvv!vv.qvv.JG vvEvv16vv7p,hG vvPvv(vv.1vv"nG vv9vv2Ovv1vvEvv9nvvlpvva
o1vv,vv.
0vv.Ovvmo
Ovv9vvuvv.fkvv2Opvv(pvv2qG vv?ovvK
rHbvv!vvlvv.
k vv!vvEvv1vv.G&vv.J vv,vv08vv(vvl
nvvsoh8vv9vvYvv.b
nvvmo
G HP.FL@(hGuCb!%hCbMhCtLe)@
(1)G $L>dG P.1s,U182.
(2)(h+vKG0vJdbv!v/kvYv1v!v7G vcv!v%hG v$vcvLkv7G v9v28v$v1vM1v,v.0v.Ovmpbv!v/>v$v1vdG vuv,v(v7ChG vcv!v$v.ADv.dG v$v!vvkv2#vVvL,hEfG vcv!v%G v$vrvLhf1v. vcv$v"G vVv. vFOv2v3 v!vHv0U#v)G v$vEv(v7G vJ&v1v.0v7hG$GvLh0v7),G vMDv1v!v2,h+v2v7,tv9v.HG8vlvPv1vLG v$v(v1vL,G v?vMAG vEv.OjbSL,U284.
(3)G vvvMDvvv1vvv!vvv2,h+vvv2vvv7,G vvv9vvvlvvvPvvv1vvvLG vvv$vvv(vvv1vvvL,L11,1vvv1vvvLhJvvvvO#vvvSvvvs,OGQG vvvlvvvuvvvL,1411+vvvv|1991e,U279.
158www.alukah.net
Sv9|v,:h#v.PGkvcv"0v.Ovmp v!vEpvlv.Xpbv!v/G$#rv)p,h#nv(rvdp
G vP6vLqv.Jp
hG 96cJ8
0q.Jpb!/C#u(78HM0)pG r$F?
G}H:G$+LGA?
Svv9|vv,:C>vv"+vvKg+vv2G vvuvv!vv$vv7o
G vv9vv2Gt
Ovv9vvcvv$vv!vv9nvv,vv.hGbvv9nvvrnvvJr
JoCf6
#vvcvv(vv.+vv.#u.f
oG 9HM0)@
G}H:+vvvKGUvvvEvvv1vvvFl@+vvvKG+vvv.#vvvcvvv(vvv.+vvv.@(kvvv#+vvvLGA)>vvv$vvvd+ovvvLrjh+vvv2
G $HMfo
G $cJq
GpV81V.
k !E2.Hp@
vrvJ>v(qvJnOv1vJo&v.0v.Ovmo
bvJOGk
tv2v1vLGk
#pv)nG vL>v.dp,hOQ61nv,v%8vJQ0v2v.
k#v$v9v.RG
k
vv,vvKgG vvfvv.0vv7p,Dvv9vv//0vvuvv.fn
G vvS6vvfnvv3o@kvvcvv.TnG vv(vv.Sokvv2Qne
nvvJmh+vv(vv.AnI,h vv%
0vvuvv.OhG0vvSvvcovvLohfn
1vv. vv$vv?vv.bvv7p,1vvPvv2vv3&pvv_vv.eG vvEpvvVvvWpG vvKjGOvv9nvvErvvJ
n;nvv-o,Dvv9vv//
0#GKn
q.el&V12.k
Ct2n
Ln#)D.>
n9p,%,h0oEL
nenBGn
Lhf#p)&pV12p,%@
CI}O:#)C0)>p,:n
1,KGG u0ep
?/CQGg#nKt.QGk
k2G Pq.QnI?
G}Ho:[nvv2rvvcvv.
k+vv.evv1vvLo#nvv.r>vv.O,kvv!vv1vvQ+vv(vv.cDvv.>vv7
l pvvrvv. pvv-p,$f
6hGqpvvd
n
G vEv.dp0ovlnvPqvLogo,kv00ov$vupv)oCf
r0vPv9v9v3
6G$#v)okv21v!vJm#v.EPG v%0vuv)r+v(v.c#nv)r
0nvv9nvv./g@G vv!6vv-oOvv2vvEvv.&
nvv-oh8vvcvv. vv/CGvv2nvvLn&vv.kvvrvv]1pvv\vv!vv3p0vv.Ovvm
n#pvv)nG vv$vv!vvvpCf0vv. 8vv1nvv-o
bvv!vv/GvvMGFvv)G$QV,;vv%Gt
&vv9vvrvv"kvv?vv#Ik
E vv/#nvv?pvv2ApEGvv.Ip0vv.Ovvm0vv\vv!vv2vv.fRpvvLGA
G r$Fp
@@@ku#&q
-bn!p%C
n&q
(.O(P9(9@o
t"6#.>Li1lY"pbr. (.h8?.Q1(.@
S9|,:h+"t.f#P&h/k
b)GMGF)pG$QVpt!,.?
G}H:O&Gdl
Pt24@G $rV.Oo1.$QVp+(.kr]CQVo#VL@
Fv}v+v{:h+v"bv!v%EGv.I0v.OvmC&v-qvJUv.QbvM0vMn#pvVvLn,G v$v.tv"n1v##vLpGq9V.Op+.,k?.AhGE 1- 1o,(q,.gh0c9KQhG#(-@
G}e:/,E[vv0qvv.k
@ vvrvvJ&vvPovv.GC#vvLnCGvv1vv,pvv%&pvvPvv1vv.&vv.
k8vv.#vv.
k,1vv"pG
tbrvv9vv2vvLhgkvv2
bpvvvJGOG$#vvv.GJp#vvv(vvvKC vvvrnvvv.rgokvvv2G vvv2pvvv,vvvL,Chv̂vv(qvvv.GCfq
CDvvvJn+vvv%G
t vvv9nvvvrnvvv\
nvvv-ohGt
8vvvHvvvKg
159www.alukah.net
bvv2vvJGk
@h vvuvv)r#vv,vv$vv.tvv.fG$#vvL,kvv!vv)0nvv,vvJp0nvv,vv%8vvlvvuvv1vvLo+vv%E vv/C&vv-Uvv.Q0vv9vv. qvv/
Dovuv%nOh v7mtv2v1vLImbv_v1v$v7m#v<v"p#pvVvLnkv28v!vvG$0v.e
p@E v/E&v,v%bv!v$v.GCfkv1v,v.
q.8.k
@k(fbM0Mn#VL
n0.nRqbo-o@
8vvv.1vvvcvvv:G$e:/&vvvcvvv!nvvv%otvvv%#pvvv)nG vvv.nqvvv:p#nvvvL6bvvv!vvv/8vvv.
8vvv20vvv.O
ovvvmnC#vvv.Qn
G vv.RGQIp,h vvuvv)qG vv$vv&tvvJn
Cf6
#vv?vv2AnEGvv.Ip0vv.Ovvmvvvv>vvLi1vvcvvJn
Gt
&rvvrpvvYvv.ApOvv(vv.GJp
G vvHvvVvv3G vvPvv2vvdp
hDvv!vv.dpOvv(vv.GJpG vvrvvEvv]pG vvPvv2rvvdp
,kvv,vv">vv.AhG#vv(vvK1vvJG0vv7p+vvKgG vvP
qvv(vv.GJ,CerEf6
G vv$vv?vv.bvv7n
vv%8nvvYvv\
nvvL6+ovv% vv!vvK+vv.HpE/q
1vvcvvJn
kvv9vvLI[vv.0vv!vv7mbvv(vvJ#vv.tv.O#vHvMh&
ov,v%#pv)nG v\
qvcv.ep
0v(vlvJo,kv,ov%qv.el/0vMQbv.fh/0vcv$v!v.fn
E/q
G vLqbv2n
h8v?v.QIn
G v$v.GRv21v. v\6v2rvd
p,h0vcv$v!v.fC0vYv.
kkv2G vV
8v(v.bv.JpG v9v20vcv9v$vJo+v.G v2vJh@h+vvvKG0vvvcvvv(vvv2Cf
qDvvv1vvv.8nvvv,vvv%tvvv!
6vvv,vvv.8vvv9vvv,vvvJ6Oobvvv(vvvJ#vvv.0nvvvcpvvv%7G vvv?vvvlvvv.aokvvv9vvv?pvvvm
7G vvv$vvv1vvv.go
hG vvEvvSvv.FvvTo
kvv1vvcvv\nvvSvv.fh0vv?vv.bvv.f
n#nvvdnCevv(vv.#pvv,pvv%kvv(PG+vv!
nvvunvv:r+nvv!
nvvuvv.G@ pvvKG#pvv)n
G $cr.dp>JGk
Cn
&,%P+2.G#o(KG19JGAO(.GJG ?.YhG ?JH@
/Dvvvan
C1vvv(vvv.Ao0vvvcvvvrvvv.HnpDvvv!vvv.dnG vvv?vvvJHphG vvv$vvvEvvv",kvvvHvvv.kvvv.Gbvvv!vvv/#vv.GRpvv1
rvv,pvv%,h1vv. vv9vv. vv2#vvVvvJQp[vvcvv.#pvv,vv%,htvv.&vv.GqvvJOvv$pvvcovv.G1pvvcvvM0vvMp#pvvVvvLn,G vvKj
GvvM6fn
G vvrvv$vvFn
kvv2Ovv(vv.GJpG vvHvv1vvLpG vvPvv.1vvrvv7p, vv1vv2vv1vvcnvv-okvv2+vvKgG vvP6vv(vv.GJp1vv. vvcvvJdp
hG vrpvPv\v.Sp;kv,v.0ovcv\v2tv"6E&vPv.fm0v#8v1v-pDv$v"n1vcv1vLm(1),htv#&
6v-qvJC&vSv#O0v.G&v.
k
vvvv#vvJ0vvL0vv7vvvv8vvPvv$vv/#vvJ0vvL0vv7G$Dvv.GdG vvSvvHvvVvv1vv7,Ovv?qvv"kvv1vv,vv.COvv$vv.A>vv$vv1vvd
G v$vVvL0v1v),h>vcv!v,v.8v9vYv$v)Ov?v0q
J8vHv9vW1vfv1vLG v$vVvL0v1v),G vK0v)0vrvVvJh&v-$GvKG vrv$vF,ChG1v9vJY&v_v.#v.
k0ovSpv2v-
o&pv_v.enG v2pv\v.qv.Jp,Dv9v//0v?vLDnCDvJl#v.
0M0Jo
b)D.>n
9p-p,k1u.fn
G _7
!%o,k. cJdo
CO.SoG $o!vp@
kv. vLG>vFCf0v.Ovmptv.f&v2v1v.k
bv(vJ#v.h v2#v(vVv3G vcvM0vM,h+vKG#vcv(v.gCf0v.Ovmtv.f0vEvuv%G v2v0O1vSvLYGu,h0vJ0vLoG$#v.Qnbv!v/#pv(
rv,v.LGu,
h vv%0vvuvv)0ovv(nvvl8vvKr
8vvSvvL0vvcvv.JpG vv$vv!vvvphqvv.G&vv1vv(vv-p,kvv,vv.&vv2vv2q,hG vv(vv2vv2qbvv(vvJ#vv.0vv!vv2
(1)D$"1c1L:CqV/#.0P9\1dG ?$"D$!-#);r"@hG <r"+(.0rVJG r$F@
160www.alukah.net
G$#vv.Qn/0vvEvvuvv%1vvfvv1vvLRvvLYGu(1)@$>vv"P vvvOvv.OnG vvcvvJdokvv2Dovvu
rvv%p
bvvM0vvMp#VL@
hkvvv2+vvvKGG vvv?vvv.qqnvvvJpe
nCh/Oo0vvvcvvvrvvv.HnpE vvv/#pvvvVvvvLn vvv,vvvKgG vvvfvvv.0vvv7,hnhnU
n!o
.G#pVr
L,hnOnGn!o
.Gb!/bM0Mp#pVr
Lp,hn[n!n
2.G#(-G \c.en@
hqvvvJbnvvvLnX
nvvv:pG!0vvv.Jo#nvvvS
rvvv,nvvvJnOGvvv.d+vvv&/Apbvvv!vvv/b
nvvvM0vvvMp#vvvVvvvLn!!qvvv.d
8vvvvvvcvvvvvv. vvvvvv/:o6+,)*/0-.@}z#$!"’(%&[\YZ_‘]^S@~zTQRWXUVKLI@u{JOPMNC@v{DABGHEF~}
|{zyx@w{p(2)@
F}+{:+KG0c(2C&->c"11(-h11(,%8L>$.&.k
@
G}e:[vv2vvcvv.k
vv$vv.OGvv"EGvv.Io0vv.OvvmnG vvcvvSvvLI
obvv!vv1vv-b
nvvLnknvv,ovv%,$&vv,vv%EGvv.Il
t2.Ql,h+.0cLpko
,o% $.t.f#r1$.k
#c,%k2G$OLI@
h#vcv!v.elCf#v0#vFnG vuv2v.Qp/8
nv9nvfnv16vLo,1v1v(v$v.8v9vfv1vL#v0#vFG vVvfv.Qbv(vJ#v.
0vvuvv2ovvLohf@hEfq
G vvVvvfvv1vvL0vvcvvLaG vvuvv2vv1vvL,hbvv(vvJ#vv.0vvuvv2vvLG vvVvvfvv1vvL0vv2vvrvv/#vv9vvKtvvLGk
v!vuv2v1vL,hG vcvuvQUvEv1vF@$>v"P vv+v% v%0vcvLkv.g1v"C&vuvLhg:o0-.p@
8vcv.#v"0v.Ovmop#vdEGv.8pv-p1v#Gv0bG v(qv2v.6Io,hG$Uv"Cf0vuv.fqvJ
GO9r2!n
,%hCtLn#,%,OhfCf0oc
nL8
kn
,o%b!/&lP-@
hG$Uvv"C&vv->vv!vvQ#vvcvv,vv%,hDvvJ6
;nvv,vv%,hOvv#
nvv,vv%bvv)C&vvlvvPvv,vv%hC+vv!vv,vv%
h1vv0O+vv%,hC&vv,vv%C&pvvPvv.GE vv1vv-,hDvvJ6
;vv.g,hCGvv2vvLhgbvv)ChXvv.YC+vv!vv,vv%,kvvcvvLa
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U183.
(2)0.Om:58vvvv62.
161www.alukah.net
#vv(vv,vv%Cf vv,vv%CGvv.k
Uvvfvv1vvLGk
,h+vv.CNl#vv)C1vv1vv,vv%,evv1vvLRvvrvv1vvs vv,vv%,hC&vv-C;vv1vvLl
b(JC11-,hC&-/0Jb-0HLL#c,%,G.k.k
b!1-@
v$v.bvLa+vKG#v(v,v%CQGOCf0vEvYvLhGCGv.+v%G vVvfv1vLOv# v,v%:o’(%&[p,hqvvJ1vvLQ0vv.Ovvmp[vv!vv2vv-Cf0vvLiCGvv.+vv%G vvVvvfvv1vvL
1vv#&vv-0vv.kvv2 vv,vv%G vvuvv1vv",kvv,vv%G!fbvvSvvLI,htvv"40vv#GvvKDvv$vv"1vvcvv1vvL,kvv(PGtvv.&vv.GCDvvJbvvSvvLCGvv.
kkvv(&vv,vv%0vvEvv$vv!vv.fCDvvJbvvSvvL1vvcvv1vvLG
kDvv2qvv.k
,h+vvKGGvv1vvLl vv,vv%,h+vv.0.k2 ,%G u1",h0c\1,%D$"CDJbSL1c1LG
k@
h[vvv$vvv#&vvv,vvv%1vvv#fCGvvv.+vvv%G vvvVvvvfvvv1vvvLOvvv1vvvuvvv.fkvvv2C#vvv.fkvvv2#vvvVvvvL,$&vvv,vvv%Ovvv1vvv(vvvM vvv.fkvvv2Xvvv1vvv.kvvv9vvv-,h+vvv.0vvvuvvvL#vvv,vvv%kvvv2&vvvM vvv,vvv%,$&vvv-Gvvv1vvvLG vvv$vvv(vvvM vvv1vvv)G $Y1l1)(1)@
GOvvv9vvv.AG)Gvvv.I#vvv)tvvv0eG vvvcvvvM0vvvM$&vvv,vvv%GvvvPvvvLhGDvvv$vvv"G vvv2vvvcvvv1vvvLG vvvEvvv.Oj
bvSvL,$&v,v%0vcv!v$v.fQCjC1v1v,v%kv2kvLGbG1v(v-,h vuv(v,v%qv. v.G:oOPMNCp(2)@
+v(v.8vJGqv"G$Ho#ovrv.[vcv.
k: vrvJ8v#G
qvLnG v.qv:
o,C/8nv_ov(qv.fC&
6v(v.0nv?pv3
oCfr
&vv(vv.enG!fn
Dvv9qvv/&vv(vv.dnqpvvPvv\vv.k
>vv18vvJGk
#vv)G vvLqGDnvv7p,kvv!
nvvJn0rvv(vv.evvJG
kbvv$vv"ltvv<vv1vvLl#ovvL+pvvs?
k.Gkr.gOohfn
8LO7Om,k,o%0E!o
$.f1. L8
D!7G $l.>,7@
hqvvlvv:oC
oOvvLn8
ovv(vv.G vv(qvvSvv1vv\vv7
obvv!vv/O
nvv\rvvF
pG vvP
6vvlvv1vv(vv7p,h#nvvcnvv,vv.COvvLIo
C1vv2Ovv.QIn
,
h>vv$vv1vvdoG vv$vvPvv.kvvLp0vv)n0vvLGqpvv2vv.f
nG vvSvv.G[vv/AG vvEvv2vv1vv2vv7
nG vv9vv2/0vvcvv!vv$vv.fEPGqvvJ
qQGu
QD0vv9vv,vv% vv,vv.;vv.&vv1vv7k
;h0vv!vv.8Dvv.f$pqvv.Qp1pvv,vv%G vvK0vv)>vv.AhG vv.nOGbpvv,pvv%hG vvJ7bvv.Ap vv,ovv%r
1vvPnvv0#nvv7pG vvL>vv.Y
p@hG
t&vv\vv!vvrvv:
rUvvlqvv.QI
oG vv2vv.GpvvL
nIp8ovvcvv!pvv)o1
nvvJr
AnG vvL8Dvv!nvv7p,kvv2vvJCG vvLqt
qvv.Ho
1vv. vv9vvLG>ovvd
pbvv)G vvP
7vv.QpGnvv.rkvv.
k#pvv)nG)pUvv.1nvv71vv. vvJ7hGQphG vvP
7vvrvv.Wpkvv2G vv2nvvEvvLp@COvvLnYn
Ov.#v2E v/Gt
1v(nv7pGv. nv9pv-p0vEv$pv!
ov,v.h0ov0bpv2
ov,v.h0v9v(v.RnYo#nvdnC
nGv.n0rv-pbv!v/P vv,kvu
ov!7v,ov%
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U188.
(2)0.Om:61.
162www.alukah.net
0ovvL0vvJhfn
Cn
fr
0vv0bpvv2vv.+vv.h0ovvYvv.Dpvvuvv.+vv., pvv9nvv9nvv!
nvvl6vvan
1vv. vvuvv!vv$vv.Jp1pvv\vvL0vvrvv7pG vv$ovv(vv.evv.Ip,
kvvcovv$rvvLo+vv. vv%0vv2vv!ovvgp
G vvP6vv(vv7
n@C
obvv?pvv2vv.G1pvvl
nvvHvv.#nvv7pG vvP
6vvlvv1vv(vv7pG vv$ovv&n 6vvlnvv7p#pvv)rbpvvJ
6Ip[
nvv2nvvrvv.Jm,
htv.&v:8v2vJo
hhtv#&6v,v.1pv(v.0
nv7l
XnvHrv$nv7
l8nvcv.eobv!v/G v$v.Ap,hG vcv?v1v3
okv2G$#rvLpC
n&qv,v%
v1vPv.G1pvEv.>v7m pv$v.0nv9nv$vP6vuv.f1pv-pG
nv.rkv.
k#pv)nG vP
7vrv.Wphtv#&6v,v%0nvrpvlv.f
nbv!v/G$QVp
G 1.1P7p@
#vvL6G vv.qvv:o
1vvPvvLbvv7,h vv%0vv(vv9vv2vv,vv.G vvEovv!vv.dpG vv!
6vv1vv"pE/bvv(vvJ#vv.RvvcvvLhG1vv!vvPvvcvv7
G 2LO,k(MdG ?$1dE /q$LG8p,%(1)G $HV6
V7p@
G>vv9vv$vvcvv:pG vvcvv.Fvv!vv7o
kvv2G vvrnvv$nvvLIG vv$vvHvvV6vvVvv7 vv%h/O,Dvv9vv//0vvSvvcvvLhG
1vv. vv.nDvvSvv7p@hQGDvv.G0vv9vvEvvJ6
;vv.fbnvv)r#vvSvv.bpvvLp+vv%G vvP
qvvcvv1vvJI,hepvv2rvv\vv9pvv,vv% vvH
nvv.rXpvv,vv%
epvvv$vvv.QnG vvv2vvvEvvvLp,1vvvcvvvJP vvvv8vvv.1vvvcvvv:pG$eqOnvvvLrOn+vvv.qpvvvVvvv7
nOvvv1vvvJn&vvv.0vvv.Ovvvmtvvv$vvv.
hbJn
8r,%@
hUv!v(v.kv2qpvV6v9pv(v.E v/ vEv_v7pOGv.dEpGv.Ip0v.Ovm
nbv!v/CGv1v,v%, pv1v#GvKhG
DpvvV6vv9nvv,vv%#pvv)nG vvrvv$vvF
p,OhfCf0nvvH
rvv\ovvLn1vv2vv. pvv,vv%C&
6vv-CGvv.+ovv%G vvKjX
nvv16vvcvv.go,h vv%
0c.OhG0olu8
Lhf1-@
G}H: vrvJkv.>v,v.G1v\v!v3G vcvM0vM,hkv.>v,v.GCtv<vL1v9v,vJ0vJg v,v%,$&v,v%0vvvcvvvLkvvv.fUvvvcvvv.1vvv78vvv(vvvlvvv1vvvKg, vvvrvvvJGOvvv9vvvHvvvJ#vvv.Gkvvv2#vvvEvvv.h vvv7Eqvvv(vvv.YC1vvv1vvv,vvv% vvvlvvva
zOvv(vvLGhOy,G vv$vvLGhOI#vvKtvv.QIkvv2+vvKgG vvPvv.QIbvvJI#vvLGJ,kvv,vv%Ovv1vv2vvK vv.f#vv)>v,vJh#vcv.&v.Ikv2Eqv(v.YC1v1v,v%1v(QOv.dCGv1v,v%G vVvfv1vL#vcv,v%,$&v-Ov1v$v.&vdkv2P vvv,h0vvHvvSvv/Cf0vvuvv.f#vvVvv1vvLgtvv$vvVvv1vvLCGvv1vv-0vv.Ovvm vvuvv(vv,vv%>vv.Oqhfkvv2G vv$vvLGhOIhG)qvv(vv.Y,DvvL0vvVvv.fbvv!vv/G)8vv1vv.f1vv-,hP vvv vv1vvMOGOhGDvv$vv"1vvcvv1vvL,hqJC^,LhG 1.OmDLU,%1r. ,%:oNCp@
CQGO0vvv.OvvvmpEevvvLGA+vvv%1vvv. vvvcvvv.OIh#vvvcvvv,vvv%CGvvv.+vvv%,kvvv#bvvv.O#vvvcvvv,vvv%1vYv.bv9v,v%,Xv$v)#v.Dv$qv!v,v%#v)Dv2v.H:oDABGHE
(1)q$LGJ:>$dq$LI,G fLk7k2G Pl1(7@
163www.alukah.net
F~}|{zyx@w{p(1)@
tvvv.fG)Gvvv.IqvvvJCDvvvYvvvLhG#vvvcvvv,vvv%1vvvYvvv.bvvv7#vvv)#vvv(vvv9vvv.>vvv.JCQGXvvv1vvv,vvv%, vv1vvSvv9vvLhG1vv,vv.G vvrvv$vvFhG vvEvv3#vv)#vvVvvL,kvv##vvL0vv.Ovvmevv!vv$vv.&vv-1vvJSG vv2vvYvv.bvv7
G 92CDYLh+.11)G E2.HG 92D$q!.G1,.>$. ,%@
hG vv,vvJa#vv)P vvv+vv.Cf0vvcvvLkvv.Gbvv(vvJ8vvlvvL0vvgCDvv$vv.dG vv?vv$vv.dC&vv,vv% vv%0vvJkvvcvv.G;vv$vv)G vvEvv2vv.HG vv9vv2CGvvKh+vv.#vv)G vvcvvM0vvM,kvv,vv.+vv.G vvcvvM0vvM0vvcvv1vvJ vv,vv%1vvYvv.bvv9vv,vv%,h0ovvcvv\vv1vv,vv%G vvEvv2vv.H#vv?vv.&vv.
k,h+vv.0vvJbvv.+vv%E vv/G vvcvv.OIE vv/#vvVvvL,
$GKCD$.dCGLi(2)@
G}e:Q>vdG)Gv.IG vcvSvLIE v/COvL8v,v%,h#vdtv"#v(v,v%Dv$v"o1vcv1vLm#v)G vvEvv2vv.H,htvv.&vv.G#vvcvv?vv2vv1vv)1vvEvvPvv)Xvv1vv.kvv7bvvM0vvMp#vvVvvL vv,vv%,h vvuvv(vv,vv%tvv.&vv.G#v9v#;vL0v) v\v!v2v-#v(v,v%EDvYv.QCGv1v,v%#vcv,v%,h0vHvSv.fCf/0v.GkvsC1v.+v%bv!v/P v@
h#v.tv.&v.G0vcv!v$v.fCfbvM0vM#vVvLqvJq
e v,v%CDv$v.d>v$v. v,v%#v)G vEv2v.H
#vvv?vvv.&vvv.k
,hC&vvv- vvv%0vvv#GvvvKC;vvv$vvv.&nvvv,vvv.,hC&vvv-C
n#nvvvLn1pvvvJ
nS8
G$n
;rvvv$vvv.fOGGvvv"nG$Dvvv$vvv.d
hG LD.d@
hUvv!vv.GE vv/C1vv1vv,vv%,htvv.&vv.G0vvlvvuvvLhfkvv2[vvL0vvrvv7Eqvv(vv.bvv-1vv. vv$vv.Gkvvrvv7bvv!vv/EQO.dCG1,%#c,%@
G}H:qvvJbvvLXvv:#vvSvv,vvJ#vvLGhO8vv,vv%$1vv1vv,vv%,h#vv.>vvLi1vv1vv(vv-h1vv1vv(vv,vv%Gvv$vvQB0vv.J#vv)G vvPvv.QI,qvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:{wvutsrqponmlkjihAx{gfedcba<;:9@?>=43Ay{218765,+*)0/
(1)0.Om:62.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U189vvvv19019VLa@
164www.alukah.net
.-$#"!(’&%\[ZAz{Y‘_^]TSRQXWVULKJIPONMDCBA{{AHGFE~}|{zyxwvutsrqponmlkjiA|{hgfed
cba=>?@9:;<5678
1234-./0)*A}{}(1)@
E&vv,vv% vv%0vvHvv2vvLhGC1vv.+vv%1vvEvvPvv)GOvv9vvrvv2vv.dhEtvvLGeG vvcvvM0vvM vv,vv%,kvv,vvKG/
qvv1vv$vv7 vv-kvv2&vv_vvL+vv%@E&vv$vv.G vv$vv,vv%Cf0vvYvvfvv\vv.Gbvv!vv1vv-&vvlvvPvv1vv.k
, vv1vv#GvvKhG#vv(vv-G $.Gkr7b!/EQO.dCG1,%@
0v.C1v.&v.:C&v:n
8vcv!v%oE&v(v.1vEv.>v7E v/G vEv2v.HhG v\vcv.e,hG!fCDvYnvLr&nv.
CDvv$vv.dn>vv$vv. vv(vv.#vv(vv,vv., vvuvv)+vvKG/0vvuvvlvv1vv(vv.E/#vvJIk0vvPvv1vvLI,hOvv(vvEvv9vv.LE vv/G c.OIE /#VL)DY.QG \c.e,h )0c\.&.#.&L0J@
vvrvvJqvv.1vv!vv(vv.bvvM0vvMn#pvvVvvLn,h[vv!vv3#vv(qvv.EDvvYvv.QnCGvv1vv(vv.#vv)C1vv1vv(vv.#vvcvv(vv.kvv2G $LIG r.O#7,h+J
qO&.1#&- )0oc
r\p1(n.#.&L0JEf %&
oEr
YpLrg#c(.!
hC&v:0v.C1v.&v.8vcv!v%E&v(v.1vEv.>v7E v/G vunv1rv"phG v\vcv.e, vK vv&vL>v.#v(vv
Cf8o
Lr
Op"n#c(.CG.&.,hP vD9/&o
Er
YpLnG u1"nG Kj&
oL0Jg(2)@
Gp&v9v,v/Gt
vuv0eo1v1v)G$HphC1v(v.Fpv-bv(vJ+vKGG vEvJq
,OohfCf0ovcv\v1nv,v%hbvJGk
1vv(QOvv.dpCGvv1vv,vv%#vvcvv,vv%hP+vv2vv.GE vv/1ovv1vv.8pvv,vv% vv1vvL8vv.Dvv.G#vv)b
nvv(vv.AG vvP6vvlvvL@h vv$vv.
GQ8vv.Dvv.GGvvL>vv.GE vv/1vvYvv.bvv9vv,vv%vvvvG vv9vv2tvv.&vv.GqvvJGtvv9vvlnvv.G1vv(&vvMG vv,vv.bvv)v̂v,vv.Q
G vvEvv1vv.G&vv.Jp vv9vvL8vv.Mvvvvhkvv9vvEvv.+vv. vv1ovvlvvLpevv.+vv.kvv2G vv$vvHvv.Rpf,kvvlvv.>vv,vv.G1vv2vvYvv.bvv9vv,vv%G vv9vv2Okvvcvv.+vv.;vv$vv(vv.
k vv!vv\vvcvv.e
pqvvJr
QOqJrE vv1vv,vv%,knvvlnvv,pvv$vv.Gq
nvvVrvvJ
nbvvM0vvMp#vvVvvL,8vvLtvv.G
(1)0.Om:63vvvv68.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U191.
165www.alukah.net
G v2vYv.Fvdn
kv2#vuv.&pv,v.h+ovLpbv.GE v/C1v1v,v%ev.Xv2v1v)#v9vYv.0vrv1v)kvrv. v.G v-:Cn
QnCn
0rv:n?
vvvrvvvJQoOqJE vvv1vvv(vvv.1pvvvYvvv.bvvv9ovvv(vvv.,&vvvEvvv)/&vvvuvvvKpHoh/&vvvL0vvvJo1vvv#Gvvv1vvv(vvv.Oovvv.AG
k,h vvvuvvv)q
G vcvM0vMn0vL0vJoCf0vLiCGv.&v. v1vcv\v1nv-oDpvVv9nv-1v(vlvPv-,hCbv.OhG[v!v2nv,v%hQ>v.An+v%Cf0ovvvvLOpvvvv"#vvvvcvvvv,vvvv%CGvvvv.+vvvv%o218765,+
*)0p(1)o/.-$#p(2)o"!(’&%\[Zp(3)@
8vv#t6vvJ0vvcvvrvv.Ho#pvv)Cf
qC1vv(vv.AgUvv.Oqvv.f+vvKgG vv$vvLI, vvuvv(vv-v̂v"qGvv.Fvvlvv.
kbvv!vv/
h vvvJg,kvvvrvvv.d:oY‘_^]TSRQXWVULKJIPONMDCB@{{p(4)@
Fvvv}vvv+vvv{:h+vvvv"0ovvvvVvvvvJq
bo
tvvvv0#nvvvv,vvvv%EPGhnbnvvvvJhGChC
nqrvvvvPnvvvv$vvvv.G?kvvvv. vvvvEvvvvJ0vvvv=
o
G SL0mo0r.d:z:*ozOnZ
oGy}||p#o|#F
oJQm|
nQv@
n+r#y(5).
G}H:/0vv.1ovv(nvv2q/8vvcvv9vvrvvJ
rCfG vvrnvvP
nvv%nRvv2AlOnvv,rvv"l,h/Ovv1vv$vv.1vv. vv(vvPvv2vv7
vv!vvVvv. vvEvv1vv),kvv. vv.GDvvJ#vv(vv,vv%/0nvv?rvvLoDobvv!vv/G vvE
nvv(rvv=p1vvrnvvPnvv$vv-ph vv.tvv.fkvv2P vvv
+0to-?
Fvv}vv+vv{:h+vv"tvv.&vv.GUvv. vvEvv1vv)? vvrvvJGt
kvv9vvLnhGbvv!vv/CGvv1vv,vv%0vv.OvvmnhQ#nvv.g
k2G 2,L,htK1.Gb!/C11,%,Cn
jr:E&,%#o?Lp#.fqn
9n!7
l@
G}H: vvvrvvvJ8vvv.1vvv.GhGOvvv9vvvrvvv.#vvv.G,hUnvvv!
ovvvEnvvv:
rCDvvv.G ovvv,ovvv%,1vvvcvvvJ>vvvL0vvv$vvv9vvv,vvv%
G vvPvv.1vvrvv71vvEvvs8
0vv.Ovvm@h/8vv(vvQCfq
G!1vv.A(6)/0vvPvv9vv\vv1vvcvv.fE/Cf0ovvEpvv2qvv.G
C1(.An+o%#,$.kn
cn!.G1,%@@@@
(1)&2f2:&_%@(2)&$1L:&S9LjG \c.e@(3)0.Om:65.
(4)0.Om:66.
(5)G 2H.Qj,1Lq%@(6)G!1.A:G!1.AhG$#,.J@
166www.alukah.net
kc)G1)G Lh#2G S.bLG c2.O28:
zhCh/Oo&vvvvvvv.#pvvvvvvv<rvvvvvvv"oG vvvvvvv?vvvvvvv.GQpM
pC07vvvvvvv,vvvvvvv.kvvrvvJ&vv.gtvv.fG vvlvv.>vvd
nG vv2vv18vv)nG vvlnvvrrvvJpy
(1)
h/8nvvv(nvvvQ
nC0vvvYvvv.k
CfG vvvK0vvv)0nvvv9nvvvKn
t6vvvLohfEOvvv.AGJG vvv(vvv.S1vvvSvvvuvvv"#ovvvL5,+vvv%
G vK0v)/+v%q v,v%kv2G vEv1v.IE/EDvVv.AGv\v.0v.G v(v.ShCGv\v.Fv,v%@C#v.G vK0v)0vvEvv$vv!vv.fQOvv./Jbvv_vv1vv$vv7
kOvv.#vv1vv7
kvvvvh+vv%qvv!
6vv7l
#vv)G vv(vv.Svvvvtvv.$&vv2vv1vv.AhG$h vv1vv.AhG vv$vvVvv!vvEvv1vv),kvv$vv.COvvLY
n#vv.0nvv(rvvPnvv.rf
n#vv.CUvv.1nvv,vv%#vv)X
nvvLnQmChE+vv.&vv.J!tvv$vv.
q.db(9LI1)RJGOG c2P2:
/0vvEvv$vv"oG vvEpvvrrvvJn#vv)8
nvvcrvv!vv.1vv-G vvL78
nvv3oh/0vvv(vvv.doG vvvcvvv!vvv/#nvvv)r[
nvvv2rvvvcovvv-oG vvvfnvvvYnvvv3o
GOvvv9vvvcvvv.OJG$eOkqvvv7G vvvuvvv0eqvvv.Fvvv!vvv7:+vvvKGUvvvEvvv1vvvFh vvv,vvvKGC#vvvL&vvv.Ovvv1vvvJo&vvv.
#vEv$vJl|1vcnvJn
ep
G vfnvYnv3pDv1v=qv.d v$v)[v!v3
nG v.Uv1v7:z:@vjv]v>ykv. v$vLAo
b(J#.0fYn
3o
qn
Jr0oJ
n#8Lo
t"6Gn1rLmb
n$n!n
-o#)q2"@
h[nvvv!
nvvv3n
Ovvv1qvvvJo&vvv.0vvvcvvvrvvv.HoG$Ho#vvv)Ch/OgCf0ovvv,rvvv9vvv$qvvv.G1vvv#&vvvlvvvPvvv,vvv%,h/
0ovvcnvvLqXvv.+vv. vv!vvHvv\vvLkvv2G$QGXvv2G vv$vvVvvL0vv7:oAHGFE~}|{zyxwvutsrqponmlkji@|{p(2)@
F}+{:h $.PG[!3#(,%+KG?
G}e: vvfvv.0vv7kvv2&vvlvvPvv-, vv%0vvKtovvLr+vv.G vvrvvLBf,kvv0&vvcvvLk
ovv,vv.qvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:
ohgfedcba=>?@9:;
<56781234-./0
)*@}{p(3)@
(1)k2qV1J8-G 92Q;/1,.G1(-G$hO]@(2)0.Om:67.
(3)0.Om:68.
167www.alukah.net
h vuv(6v-obv.Onkv#tqvJ
nv,ov%Cf
6G vE
nvKn
Q/0v$v(nvdoG vrvJnQn,1
nv"pG v.G>pv3oCf0v#G
ovKn
G v$vLAo1v.$Ov2v.Hph0vEv9v.Wn#pv$qv.qvJ0nvrnvdo v-tv$v.oba=>?@
9:p@
C#v.G vPv2v3oG vKjOnk
nvdn0vcvrv.Hn$#vLp+v%1v. vJGv.dp#v)C1v.GH#v9vlvLqqv7,kv(f
G vrvLBf0v?vcnv!ov-o#v)G v$ov2rv,nv$v.J,h0vJbv.&v.E v/bvJeG vHv.Vkv1v-,hbvJe#vEv.h v7
8vEvJ0vJg,kv0kv.FvJIkv2G vHv.Vkv2P vv[v. v$v.CfG v(vVv.UG v$vcv9v$vJIbv(vJ&v./8vvvvvvEvvvvvvJ
qOg:o;<5678p+vvvvvv2Dvvvvvv.>vvvvvv7kvvvvvv2&vvvvvvlvvvvvvQ
0vvcvvrvv.H, vv%0vvHvv2vvL0vvcvvrvv.HoCDvvJGk
1vv,vv.,1vv" vv%0ovvHrvv2pvvL
rC1vv(vv.Ang1vv,vv.,hqvvJDvvr6vvsn
0cr.Ho#.k2&lP-,hqY/D.>9o-o,b(J#.&
nl6
KhGhnUp169n-o(1)@
S9|,:h+"kc!.G#.Cn
#nLn+%C1.+%?
G}e:_v=vgv9k
*v9<ov"nv,,Cyv+vTvBr_v9fv?o
Gyv(GyvOn*rv#phGFv=v?l
?|v%v}v9vv9ffv}vQoGyv(yvOpfvzv+v&Cf*ovav+vhnhGyvO
n*rv&hLvZv(Yv9k
EPGvv9!v9Yv9yvJnv+rv#fv9spvznv+rv#,EP:C
nI
nvOn*ovJv>
w
Gyvv}vvQAnh*vvMvv9ao
fvvzvv+vv&CvvvDvvQo|vv#hGyvvOn*rvv&.h|vv9*vvtvvQQo_vv9fvvAnvv%vv~Gyvvgvv}vv+vv9An}<vv+vv%vv~G6*vv?
GyA9y+?ohgfedcp(2)@
CIvv}vvO:+vvKGCbvv?vv3o#vv.Ovv$vvcvv:
o@tvv1vvm0nvv9nvv #vvLhfbvv!vv1vv- vv1vvEvvLp#vv.gG1vv(nvv-o
0.Omnh0rP
o.fb!1-1,KGG c(m,;%0\1c.&n
-oh0o(nl8
KhfChG#pLng?
G}e:+vvKgOovv(6vv7
oG vvEvv1vv.I0vv.1
ovv(nvv2,kvvuvv"E&vvPvv.fm0vvL0vvJE;vv2vv.Jntvv$vv.dpbvvrvv!pvv-phUv0Dv1v9nv- v!vrv1v.OIphG vcv$v"p1v$v.0ov$v!v1v-bv!v1v-kvuvLog,h+v% v%0nv?pvJhGOv2v2v.
k v9vlvYv1v"p
C11,% p1.Omn@
q.dO.#2:Cn
n
Pr
9o%8
ncp21)?C
n n
Pr
9%>.Fpc1)?
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U198.
(2)0.Om:68.
168www.alukah.net
G}H:1vv!vv/hG vv!6vv-p, vvrvvJ>
ovvcvv(vv.@C8vv#tvv!vv.f+vv(vv.,Cekvv2evvLkvv7pG vv\vvcvv.ep
#vvd
1.q2G Lt.H?
G}e:1v"&v#tv"obv!v/G vP6v\rvF
ph&vSvLHoG vSv.jDv9v/&vPv9v$v9vd1v$v(v_vLpG vPv$v.Ap
h&o
?.#p,.@
1vcvJn
kv9vLI#pv)nG v9v##7v"pqnvYnv.r+v.0vSv.+pvJhf&
ov?v.enG v$v?
nvL6Iph0vEv.h v.fbvJq+v.,
1v. vLev%#v)bv!v$v,v%Cf#v.0nvLnhr&v-#v(v,v.1v. vcv1v)G v$v?vLqOI v1vQE/q
>ovMAG
k1vPv1v\v.
k,
tv.&v.G1v1v)G vlnv1rv(v7hG$GvLi0vuv2vLhf8vcv?v2v.
k#pv)QoD0v7&
nv?v$v7m8vPvr
ov]@kv1v(v2vcv=
o#v(v,v.
Gv1v]l
[v.0v"l#v)G vY6v.rAptv#&v-&v.Q@kvrv.dG$H:+vKg v1vPv:&v?v.#v.
k,1v"R
ov,ov3
l
89P.q]o@
G}h:O:Ro,o3?h $.PG89P.q]?
G}H:G vS7v,ov3+v2C>vLGelOv$v.hp0v7
l,#nv,nv$6v9ov,v.G v$vEv.kv_v7
obv!v/G vP
6v$v.Yp
tv2/8vvrvv9vvLH#vv(vv,vv.G vv?pvv)7, vv9vv9vvPvv$6vvdG$Gvv2vv.QnG vvcovv!vv.06vv7
ntvv$vv.>vv.Akvv2G vvrovvLBfpG vvuvvL0vv%
pomlkjihgf@}edcb
aYZ[\]^_‘@~p(1)@
CQGOG$h/OCf0vvvPvvv# vvv.Gbnvvv)pG vvvP
6vvv2vvv3pG vvvKj#vvv)C>vvv!vvv-#ovvv(vvvdnG vvv?pvvv)7#vvv)
G v.Uv.dE v/G vPv$v.A,h vuv)6G$Hnqv.dEf6
P vvOv1vcvLkv.&v-1v(PfGukv2qvVv7
Ovv1vvJ&vv.Ovv!vv1vv$vv.fbvv!vv1vv-G vvVvv0IhG vvPvv0e,knvv!rvv(nvv2rvvs
nG vv1vv.enkvvrvv]#nvvdn
qpvvVvv7pOvv1vvJp&vv.0.O
omnphO(u9l2G!f1. (_LhG $S.+JIh8P21FGu@
;v%qv.d v,v%G$H:+v"Onv(nv$rvu
ov=o
+v(v.G v!v1v"n1v\v. v-!/8v(vPnv.G,C&v9v%ev1vLo
#vvcvv9vv.O0vv)bvv!vv/G vvP6vv,nvvLG vv\vv.0vv",CGvv.aCf&
ovvVvv.H1vv. vvMtvv.eChG vvJ7hGQ@8vvcvv.
nvv.G
&vv(vvMpdr
E vv/eovvLnkvv(vv. vv(vvuvv$pvv"nG vvrpvvV
6vv7n
@knvvVrvv.JoG vv2nvvE
rvvLp+vv(vv.0vv$vv(vvdoG vvuvv0eG vv,vv.O+,
h1VLGD7C&.CQ0JG (6.re@
(1)G ?):8vvvv9.
169www.alukah.net
GDvv9vvL#vv.G[vv!vv3nC1vv1vv,vv%hP+vv2vv.GE vv/evvLk
nvv9pvv,vv%h vvuvv(vv,vv%[vv!vv2vv.G#vv)C#vv,vv%
Et$.dnG rV7,h1$.C&,./8o
EpQ7
1. (7c.SkrJQGD:8o
ur
$"G rV7@
vv$vv.OGvv"G)Gvv.Ibvv!vv/bvvM0vvM#vvVvvL,hqvvcvv:CDvvJGKl#vv<vv1vvLI, vv%0vvuvv.&vv.G
09.qq
c.&,.,h %0EP2.G ,.DP.1.k
,1"k.>,.G1,.#l.>#I#J+S7@
G}e:#) J0-#VEm (9!.GG!0.J@
CI}O:C&. n
Jn
j6#oVr
En
ml
k2Dr127^,Ljk#OLY)DY.Qg@@@@
1vvvJCJG$e8vvv0hIG!0vvv.J:o+,%&’(!
"#$]^_‘YZ@~{[\U
VWXQRSTMNOPI@u|J
KLEF@v|GHABCD~}
|{zy@w|xwvutsrqpo
nm@x|lkjihg@y|fedcb
a>=@?:@z|9<;658
72143.-0/*),+
&%(’"!$#^]‘_ZY
@{|\[VUXWRQTSNMP
OJILKFEHGBA@||DC
~}|{zyxwvutsr@}|qponmlkjihgfe@~|p,h+%0P9$c.fG.Rc1)#(V91) $cLk7+KgG $l.>#I@
G}e:v̂v.+vvLG!0vv7Cf0vv.Ovvmp1vvJC1vv. vv$vvcvv.#vv!vv7G vvHvv.Uvv7#vvdCGvv1vv-kvv.QGOvv9vvrvv2vv. vv- vv-@kvv$vv.EfOGvv"G)Gvv.IG$DvvJbvvSvvLbvv!vv/0vv.OvvmDvv9vv/BhiE vv1vv-CGvv.g,hGGvv9vvVvv-#vv)1vv1vv)EGvv.8vv-G!GvvL0vv),hG>vv9vv$vvd1vv-hDvvJgkvv2#vvcvvMdb(,%@
170www.alukah.net
kvcv"P vv v1vVv.QDnv-o1v. vEvrv1vrv7,h v1vrv.d v-:E&v(v2C&v.CGv.c,C&v.0v.Ovm
G vvvvKjkvvvvcvvvv"EGvvvv.8vvvvv1vvvv2#vvvv.kvvvvcvvvv!vvvv.Gqvvvv2vvvv"Ovvvv(vvvv.GJ,h+vvvv.qvvvvJ#vvvv)qGubvvvv!vvvv2q
hCtvvL#vv(vv2,h>vvcvv!vv(vv2Dvv.tvv%#vvVvvL,hEGvv.8vvv/0vvcvv!vv$vv.fE&vv(vv20vv.OvvmG vvKjC r.gk2e1.17G ?3
qh+.Uf1L, 19H!V.G#(-@
h/RvvvC&vvvbvv!vv$vv:0vv.CGvv21vvrvvVvv9vv,vv%#vvcvv2,hhqvvlvv:bvv!vv/#vv.kvvcvv!vv.g1vvv2,hE&vvv(vvv2CObvvv.cCf8vvvVvvvlvvvFbvvv(vvv,vvv%tvvv$vvv.UvvvlvvvEvvv:C&vvv.,kvvv,vvv.C&vvv.CtvvvL#vvv,vvv%hCDvvvPvvv)GOvvv9vvvrvvv2vvv. vvv,vvv%,hbvvv!vvv1vvvvCf8vvvrvvv9vvvJjC&vvv:1vvv2,kvvv08vvv2vvv9vvv,vvvQ1vvv$vvv.tvvv.&vvv.G0c$!.f(1)@
8vv.1vvcvv:G$e:[vv2vvcvv.k
kvvLMG$Gvv.Gf1vv,vvKGG vv!vvrvv.A,h vv$vv.>vv,vvMkvv9vv1vv.&vv->vv,vv.REGvvv.8vvv-,hXvvvd0vvv.OvvvmpG vvvuvvv#Skvvv2QnD
rvvv"pCGvvv1vvv-OhfCf0vvvSvvvcvvvLCDvvvJ,
q.d8c. /:{[\UVWXQR}@
vv$qvv.8vv,vv1vv#JG vvrvv.kvv!vv7 vv0&vv\vv0bkvv2[vvL0vvsbvv.O8vv,vv.1vv?vv$vv1vvdCkvvLGO+vv.,8vvlvvr6vvJn
kvv9vv1vv.&ovv-oG vvuvv#Snkvv!vv%0vv?vvJh+vv.kvv(vv.OiG vv$vv(vv.Oj:oNOPIp@
8vvcvv?6vv3G)Gvv.Io#vv)P vvvhOvv# vv.G:#vv.PG1vvuvv%?#vv.PG8vvlvvrvvJhf?h vv$vv.PG8vv9vv,vv$vv.&vv(vv.
1vvv. vvvPvvvLqvvv7? vvvPvvv(vvv. vvvVvvv.Uvvv.k
hC&vvv9vvv%8vvvcvvv!vvv$vvv.f+vvvKGDvvvrvvv.k
,h vvv%&vvv#J vvv!vvvPvvvLqvvv7h/
v*0vKGA,hG vJ v1v"bv!v/+vKGC&v(v.CbvJ&v.;v$v)G v2vYv.bv7G vPv.1vrv7G vKjh>vJ&v.gkv2QDvv. vv(vv.?#vv.PG8vvlvvrvvJhf?G vv9nvvl
nvv9vv.G&vvEvv.evv!vv$vv.fpG vvcvvM0vvMpE vv9vvlvv.8vv7
k#vv!vv&+vv.G vvJ+vvSvv7
o
hG VJ#7o
hG/O9fLGHo:oJKLEF@v|p@
Efq
G vv?vv$vv!vv7G vv$vvcvv9vvLXvv7kvv2G!0vv7:oKLp8vvVvv.Q vv(vv.8vvVvv.0vvLGk
D1.k
#&;LGk
t"b0#.Jh#c.&2G/&lc.dhG $l.>#IhG/O9fLGH!
vrvJtv.fG vL6tv3o
Ov.FvL0v) v!vHvLhL#v)G v$vJ0v(v7,kv!v$v.Ov$vcv.GG/8v,v.e#v)qvv2vv"G vv$vv&Pf,bvv.OhG#vvPvvLbvv1vv)E vv/G vvfvv!vv$vv.f,hOvv# vv.+vv%:#vv.PG8vvlvvrvvJhf?h#vv.G Kj89,$.&(.1PLq9-?
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U200.
171www.alukah.net
C>vvv.1vvv,vvv%G vvvfvvv!vvv$vvv.fqvvv.Fvvv!vvv1vvv):oHABpG vvv9vvv2tpvvv!rvvv(vvv. vvvuvvv%1vvv,vvv.
G E2.H,hG 92OLq9$.+.hCGK8$.+.hCGl19$.+.@
h8vPv1vLG$DvJGKG v$v<v1vLI1v. v9vPv!vPv"hG v9vJQL,kv1v2vJCG vfv!v$v.fo
G v$v.^vlv.f1v. v9vLev1v3hG vEv=
8bv!v/8vPv!v1v%G v$vPvLhb,Dv1v=Cbv!v(v.Gbv)>v.FvMI;v$v1v(v7 v$v)
0ovvvvvcvvvvv1vvvvvJoUovvvvv.GYnG vvvvv$vvvvv!vvvvvv:oCD~}|{zyp@E&vvvvv,vvvvv%
0ov,nv18v,v.fG vlovLrUv7 pv$nv)rOvLbU
ov.nGYnG v$v!vv v!v9vLG>vd,h8vPv!v1v%G v$vPvLhb1v(QGO8v-,h0vLev2v.&v-1vK vv,Dv1v=O
nv1ovcrv\v.&v-Dpv$rv"n1vcv1vL#v)G vEv2v.H@h+vKGbv\v.Al>vM0v"l
tvv<vv1vvLlkvv2#vv<vv"P vvvG vv_vvLaG vvHvv.U,G vvKjtvv.f0vvcvv1vvSvv-G vv(vv.S,kvv2Ovv(vv.GJ
G ?JH!
hn8nvunvl6v"nG v$v&Pf
oRbv1v%G vfv!v$v.f1v#f0nv$rv(nvF
nDpv$rv"nG v2vcv1vL pv$nv)r0ovP
nv!8v$ov-o1vrv. v-:
o{zyp@
h#vvcvv(vv/zRbvv1vv%y+vv(vv.:tvvlvv1vv"@Cj:C&vv.G vvuvvlvv1vv"oG vvMbvv1vv%o1vv9vvrvvJ0vv%G vv?vv.FvvMI@h )&9LG>db(,.@
hQev%Cfq
G v?v.FvMI;v$v1v(v7, vuv)6G)Gv.In v%0nvrrv2nv!v.+v.,/ vSv2AE/C&6v,v%
1P.GO.Qq1),k,%0.qp(.fC&,%C1L0.Ao#)G 9,$7!
h v,vKGQnOqhGbv!v/G vfv!v$v.fkv2G vEv.GQG v$vJ+vTG v$v<v1vL:oxwv
utsrqponm@x|pDnvvvv!
nvvvvlvvvv.GG vvvv1vvvv$vvvv1vvvv)n1vvvv.u
1vv#&6vv,vv% vv%0nvvP
rvvLqvv.G,hCGrvv2nvvLhGG vvfvv!vv$vv.f
nG vv$vv.v̂vlvv1vv)nC&vv,vv%0nvvcrvv!
nvv$vv.fbvv(vv,vv%G vvHvv1vvL,
kvv,ovv%rXvv1vv.aobvvM0vvMp#vvVvvLnkvv2G vv$vvLIG$h vv/,hkvv2+vvKgG vv$vvLI,hqvvJCtvvLn#nvv,vv%, p$.QCik1,%#)G H1L@
h+v%#v.>v.AhG v1vlvPvJhGkv2G$QV,h/ v1vHvL1v.+v.,h v,vKG v%0vPvLqv.GU.GYG $!v
(1)@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U202vvvv203.
172www.alukah.net
8.1c:G$eOn
LrOn+.@@@
vvv%0nvvv(rvvvlnvvvdrCOvvv!vvv.HoG vvvEvvv=
8hG vvv9vvvLevvv1vvv3#vvvdG vvvrnvvv.re,h vvv,vvvKG
nvvv?nvvv#
nG vvvfpvvv!vvv$vvv.f
o
G vvvlvvv9vvv1vvv.fo
E vvv/G$Ovvv!vvv.HG!GvvvL,COvvv!vvv.HpG vvv9vvvlvvv9vvv1vvvTphG vvv$ovvvEnvvv.t
nvvv$vvv7phG vvvcovvvrvvv.1vvv7p
hG rnYn
.Ap@
kv#hbvM0v.OvmpE v/kv9v1v.&v- v1vPv# v.GG vL>v.d:{lkji
hgAy|}?
Cj:C&v9v%C1v(v.A&v2v2,h/&vcv.qv3oG vPv.Qb
nE/bv!v/D
nvPnv3pRvL0vcnv7pC1v1vuv%
G v(6v2pv2q,kv$v.+v2bvrv.1v7G vPv.Qbbv(vJtv%?tv$v.bv!qv$vuv%C1v.tv%G v(v2v2?hEftv(v9v%
tv.P1v1v)kv2Obv.Gtv%bnvJn
enG vPvLqv7,hn8nv<rv2ov:
oG vPvLqv7bv(vJCDvJtv%,kvPv.a&vcv.qv2ov-o
hpkr
sn
RL0c9u%/hksq.G&1(.!
kvv#>vv.HG vvrvv.eqvv.Fvv!vv1vv):ofedcba>=@
?:@z|p@
Cj:bvvrvv.1vv7o
G vvPvv.Qbpkvv2RvvL0vvcvv7pC1vv1vv(vv.0vvcvvrvv.HpG vv(vv2vv28Cf0vv#GvvK
Uvv.Dvv3oG vv$vvPvvLhbpG vvSvvHvvW
nG vvKjOvvLb, vv1vvuvv.fbvv2vvJGk
Qqvv1vvrvv.k
vv-#vvrvv.1vv"n#vv.On
Ln
q-(1)@
h&nvvLrXvv/Cf8
ovvlnvv98vvSvv.&vv.,hCf8
ovvEvv.tpvv$vv.&vv.hpk
rvvsn
RvvL0vvcnvv7pC1vv1vv(vv.,knvv$nvv)rhn>
nvvJr
8ovv%
Uvv.GYnG vv$vv!vvvpkvv2QnDrvv!pvv-ph#vv9vv.bpvv-p,k
nvvHovvKhgb
nvv2rvvJGk
Qnqvv1vvrvv.k
vv!vv$vv!vvv,>vvMGAk vv-bvv!vv/On
Lpq9-@
h vvrvvJQXvv2G vvL>vv.do
1vv,vvKG$&vv,vv%0vv.qvv(vv.fC&vv,vv%1vvL0vv,vv.f,hCfCDvvJGk
#vv(vv,vv% vv%0vvPvvLbUvv.GYG vv$vv!vvv,h vv,vvKGObvv.+vv%E vv/8vvlvv9vv1vvTG$#vv9vvcvv7,htvv!vv,vv%;vvrvv7
l
hq(.b7l
C&6
,% )0?JhGG V.GYb(J+%!!
h1vvcvvJCfG8vvlnvvsnG vvlvvL0vvrvv.f,hQnXpvv1vv.1pvv9
nvvErvvuvv1vv%RvvL0vvcvv7p0vvcvvrvv.HnG vvL1vv.&vv1vv7p1vvJC
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U203vvvv204.
173www.alukah.net
G v9vlv9v1vT,hqv.e0v.Ovmo&vlvP
ov-op1pvcnv$nv!v1v7G v9vlv9v1vT,kvrv.e1vE
nvLtv7mPtv1v7,8vJd7
bv!v/DnvVv.k
nv9pv-ph1ovcrvJp&
nv_nvLpg,h8
ov2rvcpvJ
obv(v-Cj6R
ov2rv,nv7mChQn0rv3
m@qv.d8vcv. v/:o9
<;6587214p@
qv.e0v.Ovmo
1v9vlv9v1vTCn
hrbpv1nv9pv,v%hC#v9pvc
nv9pv,v%hQDv. pv,v%,E&v-0vcv!nv%oC
nf6
G vPvrv.0v7n
kvv2QnDrvv"pCGvv1vv-pG vvVvvfvv1vvLp, vvrvvJhnX
nvvcnvv,vv.+vv(vv.c1pvv1
nvvJpg,Ohfn
Cfr
0nvvSrvvcovvLn1vv-CDvvJ
l,
k!$.PG %0n,r?o%rb!/QnD
r"pCG1-kn
.rQGk
,h0oHr
LpLrG P8
r.07?
E&v- v.knvcnv"nP vv v$v.tv.fD
nvVv1vlv.k
h/Cn
rv$nvcpv1
qv.k
,Dv1v=Onv1ov<v1vLoG vS
ov2ov,v.J,
hqJ0r.doCDJo
G)G.I:+Kg#&G#nLnIl
XpJ6&.,hC&9%hnX
ncr
9o$.+.#oP
r2r.k
@
htovv"7#vv.Gqvvmph8vvVvvL7kvv.Jp0vv.Ovvm
np8vvJd7
bvv!vv/8vvHvv\vv1vv\vv-h1ovvcrvvJp&vv_vvLg
hDo
Pr)p8
nJr
11Lg@
vvrvvJ1vvJC1vv9vvlvv9vv1vvTChbvv1vv7G)Gvv.I,hGDvvJGk
hGDvvJGk
,1vv9vv$vv,7vv"m
hC&vv.I,h+vv.0ovv_rvv,pvvL
o vv!vv$vvLGqvv2vv1vv)hG vv$vv9vv.1vvcvv1vv)G vvJq6vv7n
hG vvEpvvLrUnkvv2G vv9vvlvv9vv1vvT@hG)Gvv.Io0vv(vv_vvLhf
E vv1vv-,h+vv%#ovv\rvv$nvv,vv(vv.f#vvL8vv.Dvv.f,1vv"+vv%Rvv.#vv9vv.f$&vv- vv%0vv?vvJG vvPvvrvv.0vv7kvv2
QD. ,%,k!$.PGEPf09,$.&,%1. PLq7??
hCGvvvv1vvvvLGk
hnqnvvvvcnvvvv:pG vvvv$vvvvlvvvv.>vvvv#I
oG vvvv$vvvvK+vvvv!vvvv7
o,G vvvv9vvvv2kvvvv.>
nvvvv#n
JpG vvvvlvvvv9vvvv1vvvv.fn
Ch/k
,
h vvvuvvv(vvv,vvv.kvvv.>vvv#JG)Gvvv.InG vvvcvvvSvvvLIn
Ctvvv<nvvvLn,k
nvvv#n
Pr
+nvvv!nvvv9rvvv,ovvv%hU
nvvvJn#nvvv9rvvv,ovvv%,hCRG vvv:
Un.G1,%@@@@
kv,v.+v.0v.Ovmo0ovl
nv9qvT
o#nv9v.YnG$Np
G vVvfv1vLph+v.+v.0ovrnv!8v3oG v$v9v.Yn@@@;v%
+.+.0oHr
LpLoG Pr.07n
#)G $n9.Y!!
EPfG vvPvvrvv.0vv7o
kvv2QnDrvv"pG$N
pG vvVvvfvv1vvLp,EPf+vvKGG$N
oG vvVvvfvv1vvLoOvv.Qb
l,
k,.G KjOn
Lnbn
G P8
r.07@
kv.>v-G)Gv.Io1v$v.DnvV
nv",hG&vrnv!nv2nv:
rRv$v.8nv9ov,v%E v/On+rvSv7mhU
nvJr#v7kv,v.+v.
G$No
G vvKj8nvvcnvv,qvvJhG$1vv1vv,vv%1pvvEpvvl
rvv_vv-,hD
nvv!nvvlvv.G vv-G$
n0rvv$vv.f
nCf0ovvcvv1vvJhgOvv. vv$vv.
k,
+v.+v.0ovYrv2nv]o#ov9nv!
nv28vPv.
k1v. vP
6vLqv7@@@hG!fOnv1ov(nvl
6vKo
G vEovu
rv%oG vKjGQr8nvY
nv.G8
nv(rvlv1vK
ngo
174www.alukah.net
bvvv!vvv/G vvvPvvv.Qb,hOnvvv1ovvvcvvv.q
nvvv3ohpk
rvvvsn
RvvvL0vvvcnvvv7pC1vvv1vvv-p,Cj:E&vvv-Ovvv1vvv&GnvvvKo
G!fbnvvv2rvvvJG
k
!cM0M,h )0c.OE /C11,%!
#.+KgG $l.> JoG $<1LIo
G $K+p!n
7o
,G 92 %0nu.&.G0n9n.nq6
c.&,.(1)?
CIvvv}vvvO:0vvv.Ovvvmp&vvv2vvv2,UvvvEvvv1vvvF@@@@EPfG vvv!6vvv-o+vvv.#vvv)C
n rvvv,nvvv$nvvv-o
hnCn
QrRn
Jn
goE /+KGG 9H\1]phG 9J11LG Eu1%, p1n
9o%6q
nJn
QoGuk2G (,.07@
OovL6JpG$e71v.Ov9v(v9v.LCDv$vJG vJ6Gd
8bv!v/8
nvJn
17vLpG!0v.JpG v9v2C
n&rvVnv9v.GE v1v,v.
1vvvHovvvSvvv.Y
m8vvv.e,hqvvv. vvv::CDvvvPvvv(rvvv:
n0vvv.1ovvv(nvvv2,&vvvcvvv%+vvv.8vvvJ1vvv1vvvLoG vvv!
6vvv-pNhnq
nvvvJn
Qogo
hOvv(vvLiP vvv>nvv!pvv1
qvv.k
kvv2&vv,vv.0vv7pG vvrpvvV8vv7pG vv9vv2Ovv9ovvEvvr
8vvsoQDr0vv.0vv.Ovvm
npDvv1vv(vv$vv.CG2
nLnhG J
ngoO16J
n&.0cr.HnphnCn
#nLngoCf/0nr
rVo
WnQD0.gb!/EG.8-@
8vvv.1vvvcvvv:G$eOvvvLO+vvv.:qvvv.d8vvvcvvv. vvv/:o9<;65
872143.-0/*),
+&%(’"!$#^]‘_Z
Y@{|p@
G$h/Oo>vvv$vvv1vvvcovvv,ovvv%1vvvVnvvv.rJmhGDvvvJO
ovvv2vvvEvvv.fn
G vvv!6vvv-nG vvvcvvv_vvv1vvv%nO
ovvv2vvvEvvv.fn
G vvv!6vvv-n
h1pEn$rJpg@
F}+{:+"#c(/o.p+.#.RLD-CD$J?
G}e:&vvvcvvv%Efq
Gu+vvv.G vvvKjtvvv.On vvv1vvv.Ovvvmnp,hn;
nvvv(vvv.Al#vvv)Gubvvv!vvv/
0vvv.Ovvvmn,hn#nvvvJrMl vvv- pvvvlpvvvc
rvvv!nvvv9pvvv-p,hERvvv.QI
lE vvv/C&vvv-k
nvvvcnvvv!
nvvv,vvv.1vvv( vvv,vvv.e
m#vvv)G vvv!
6vvv-pbvvv!vvv/
0vvv.Ovvvmn,h+vvvKGO vvv1vvv"lC&vvv-k
nvvvcnvvv!
nvvv,vvv.1vvvcvvvJG vvv(vvv2ovvv.qI,hC&vvv-tvvv.fbvvv!vvv/U
nvvv.GHm
kvvv2kpcr!p,.(2)@
S9|,:h+"0.Omop09q,%oCG.go1. P
6Lpq7?ku1m0n96,p$o-o1. P
qLq7?
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U205vvvv206.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U206.
175www.alukah.net
G}e:CDvvPvv(vv:,/+vv.bnvv!pvv%nE&vv-/0vv$vvuvv(ovv-oE1vvrvv.ACGvv1vv-bvv(vvJgE/1vv,vvKg
G vvEvv1vv!vv7@hCbvv1vvJohCtvvLQo+vv.1vv( vv,vv.e#vv)GuN pvvEpvvurvv$nvv7mOvv(vvcvvLk
ovv,vv.kvv2&vv,vv.0vv7
G rVq
7@
S9|,:h+"CGKn
CG.gb2r
JGk
Qnqp1r.k
#p<r
!$.q.d?
G}e:/,G ,Ja+.kr]rE1r.AoCG1-#c-k2#pV
rL@
F}+{:h#.+.br.HoG P.Qbpk2O0)pG $n!pvp?
G}e:O0vv)oG vv$nvv!pvvvp,Cj:&vv_vv.#ovv-ohRvvLbovv-oh#pvv(
rvv,vv.>
ovv-ohqvv.&vv.&ovv-oG vvKj0nvvE
rvvuovv%o
1vv-G vv(vv.Sn,kvv1vvHvvYvvdG vv$vvVvvLj7 vv,vvKGG vvrvv.&vv.f,$fCOvv.Sn#vvcvv(vv/zG vvJ0vv)ytvv$vv.qvv!vv(vv.Ovv.1vvrvv.
k+vv.G/&vvrvv1vv.OohG vvHvvYvv.Yo pvv(pvv_vv.e
mChR
nvvLrY
mChqvv.&vv.fmChD
ovvurvv%m
,kvvJ0vv)o
G v$nv!vvpqv.&v.fl
hnXnvcnv-oG v$nv!pvv
o,C#v.O0v)o0vcvrv.Hnpkv,v.O0v)oQnH
8G vcv. v$v1v)
hnRnvLrb
ov-oh#v(v,v.>ov-ohD
ovurv$ov-oG vKjCQO
nv!nv-obv!v/QoO
ov!v-,hnCn
#nvLnG v(6v.SnCf0nvJp0v(v.G1v-h0vvvHvvvY
nvvvcvvv.G vvv-,kvvv1vvvcvvv2vvvJhGGu#vvv)Gvvv0dG vvv9vvvMG#vvv-@hG vvvHvvv.Xvvvcvvv.f vvv$vvv(vvv,vvv.LGu
hRLbp-p0or.db(,%:E&,%k2O0)Gu(1)@
h&vvrvvmoC#vv.e8vvrvvJ0vvLpGuN vv1vv.Ovvm
nCn
GrvvKn
CGvv1vv-Qkvv1vvrvv.k
hpkrvvsn
RvvL0vvcvv7pC1vv1vv-,/hpk
rvsn
qv.&v.fG v$v!vv@h/&vcvLao#v.+v.qv.&v.fo
G v$v!vvp v!vPv.Qbpkv2#pvVrvLn@@@
h/&vvPvv#do
bvv)P vvv,kvv. vv$vv,vv%7Cf6
0vv.Ovvmnp1vv9vvJ1vv1vvLE
svv,vv2GDvv9nvvl
nvvan
1vv#Gvv1vv-pG Vf1Lp J0-@
S9|,:h#.PGkc"EG.Io0.Omn
1cJ+.?
G}e:qvvvvvv.d8vvvvvvcvvvvvv. vvvvvv/:o\[VUXWRQT
SNMPOJILKFEHGB
A@||p(2)@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U207.
(2)0.Om:77.
176www.alukah.net
F}+{:h+"0ocr
rn"oCf0nP
rLobn
O1qJo&.0.Om
op?
G}e:G86v,nv$v.g1v#&v-OnvLnb
n#v)q
nv2rv"o,kv,ov%R
nbnv$v.GCf+vKGG$N
nG vKjO
nvLnbn
1Q+.G$hdn
G P.Qbn
,k,(.cO.Qbl
BGLo,+.CNl ,KGG P.Qb@
C#vv.+ovv%rkvv(&6vv,vv%1vvL0vv,vv.f#vv)G vvPvvLqvv7, vv%0nvvP
rvvLoqvv.G#vv)qnvv2rvv"o,h vv%0nvvP
rvvLoqvv.GG!f@
G8vv,vv$vv.G0vv.Ovvmnpq
nvv2rvv"nhXvvcvv-kvv2evv1vv.1vv7G vv?vv3
81vv#&vv-O
nvvLnbn
,#vvdC&vv-tvv.fevv0#vv.
kUvvfvv1vvLG
k!kvvuvv1vvm0vvPvvLpb
oh+vv.evv0elUvvfvv1vvL?htvv"7G$Dvv.O0vv=pG vv9vv2
hnQnOnJrkvv28nvv2rvvLp0vvLp+vvKGG vvuvv0e
p+vv.#vv)G vv$ovv2rvv,nvv$vv.JpG vv9vv20nvv?pvv3
oCf&vv2vv9vvcvvJnbvv(vv,vv.,hG$
nhr nvv/+vv.8vv(vvM0vv-o0vv.Ovvm
np$fq
GuN0ovvcpvvJ7go vv1vvuvv.f&vv2vv1qvv.
k,hGu0ovvLn1qvv2
G (2268L117k
G.U6
7,hn0ncr
Vo$o-obpV
r$n7k
G.U7(1)!
CIv}vO:h vuv)COvL6+v.0v.Ovmo
kv2&vlvPv-,h+vKgG v$vLIoG v<v.&v1v7o
G v9v20nvVrv2pvL
o
1,.b!/Ckc.dEG.8-@kc!1-Cf09En$6"n$&-&
n2p2q@
G}e:CDvvvvPvvvv(vvvv:n,kvvvvcvvvv0
k+vvvvKG#vvvv.DvvvvVvvvv",kvvvvuvvvv%#vvvvLIkGOvvvv9vvvvcvvvv!vvvv/kvvvv1vvvv,vvvv.
0vvvv.Ovvvvmopbvvvv!vvvv/B/#vvvv-hCDvvvvMG&vvvv-?htvvvv%#vvvv)#vvvvLIChPpjnhG8
7vvvv,pvvvv%nk
nvvvvV
nvvvv2nvvvvLn
hGD9n
Pn
3n@
kvvrvv]qvv.d:C&vv9ovv%rEGvv.IoRnvvL5
,h#vvuvv.&ovvuovv%+vv.G vvSvvL7,h#vv.qpvvl
ovvuovv%+vv.G vvSvvL7,
h/0c!n
%oE/G !6
-oDr1r7n
#.8n
Mr
bo$.f
n,h8
nJ6
b.fn
h8r. .f!!
CIv}vO:C v%0vuv)1v(#vuv.f0v.OvmnpCf0vLO6G v97v,rv$nv7?hCf0ov2nvL8+
n&vlvPnv-
#vvv(vvv,vvv.,hCf0ovvvunvvvK
81nvvv,ovvv%rkvvv1vvv$vvv.qvvv. vvv.G,hbvvv(vvvJ+vvv.O
nvvv1nvvvcrvvvLkvvv.fC&qvvv,vvv%hGqvvvlvvv.fC#vvv.e
0.Omnp(2)@
G}e:h vvv.kvvvcvvv"P vvvv vvvlvvvPvvvJtovvv"78
nvvvLr8pvvv1vvv2pvvv-h8
nvvvJr
1pvvv1vvvLpgh8nvvvHrvvv\vvv1vvv\pvvv-,bvvv!vvv1vvv-Cf
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U209vvvv210.
(2)G $L>dG P.1s,U210.
177www.alukah.net
0nvvv9nvvvEnvvv$6vvv"n,hCf0vvvVvvv2vvvLnbvvv!vvv/G vvv97vvv,rvvv$nvvv7p,hCf0vvvYvvv2ovvv]
nCbrvvvV
nvvv.1nvvv-o,hCf0nvvv9nvvvVnvvvL6an#vvvd
G v$vPv# v7p1vunv1nv.O
nv9pv-phDnvVv.k
nv9pv-pG v$vcv,v.OnI, v,vKGt
nv_nv%nev1v_
nv-ohC
nOnvL6+v.kv2&vlvPpv-p,h v%
0ovvvcnvvvr8vvv3bvvv!vvv1vvv,vvv.:oSNMPOJIp, vvv%0nvvvMpO
rvvvvC#vvv.eG8,.#,%vvvvb!/Cfq.d:oKFEHGBAp@
F}+{:h#.PGkc"G)G.Io#d0.Omp1Sn
#fpCG1,%?
G}e:1vcvJ#v.bvLaG)Gv.IG vcvSvLICfCGv.+v%G vVvfv1vLOnv1nv9nvE
nv.qdE v/bv2vJmQqvv1vvsmbvv(vvJbvvM0vvM#vvVvvL,bvv(vvJ+vv.8vvKt
qvvLhG#vv.>vvLi1vv1vv(vv,vv%h1vv1vv)C1vv1vv,vv%,hG vv$vv.;vvs
n
G vvKjCbvv\vv.gbvv!vv/Cf0vvcvv.OhG1vv-,hGOvv9nvvErvvY
nvvLhG#vvrvvJGQn#vv.O
nvv1ovvVvv1vv3oC1vv.+vv%#vv)
DMfhC %,b(J#.0c!n
%o1$.>Li,h1#&-kn
rn
Jn
G1(n-G <.&2@@@@
8vvvKtqvvvLhGt
ovvv"6+vvvKGkvvvEvvv.h vvv.G#vvvEvvv.h
nvvv7k
CGvvv1vvvLIk#vvvdbvvvM0vvvM#vvvVvvvL:oD
C~}|{zyxwvuts
r@}|p(1)@
GOv9nvLrDnv$v.GG vcvM0vMn,hnQn>
nv.rgohGOv9nvcrv\nvlov.go,hGv.[
nv2v.GEDvPv.&nv-ohD
ovPrv)nEtvLG#pv-p
v,v%,h[nv!nv2v.G#v(v-Cf0vLD
nv%C1v.goG vSv1vIn
G vuv2v1vLnG vKjOnv1nvKhHo+nv$qv.
khDovMr&v.
kbv!v/
kpLnGbpG1(-,hE&-qJ/0n9nE
n$6"oO$.Yn#p<r
"p+KGG Hn
2n
LpG $olr
?pdp
!
hbvvLXvv.Gbvv!vv1vv-bnvvLrXvv.
kQDvv1vv$vv.
k:Cf0ovv\
rvv!pvvsn
OvvLGMn+vvKGG/1vv)nG$;vv1vvLnbvv(vvJC1vv1vv-,hCf0vv#GvvK
nCDvvJ
nG)Gvv.IpG vvuvv2vv.QpG vvcvvSvvLI#vvuvv.&vv-,hCf0vvuvv.fbvv2vvJG
kbvv(vvJg
#u.&-@
ht.&.GU.Oq1)k2G/O9LD.e,>.O0)k2G cLV@
vvuvv)bvvM0vvMn#vvVvvL0vv.OvvmnpQkvvZ+vvKGG vvcvvLVqvv.Fvv0
k:oqp
onmlkjihgfe@~|p(2)@
(1)0.Om:8,@(2)0.Om:79.
178www.alukah.net
hCfG 9c21LG rLB&2Oq1s:orqp@
vvv%0vvvV8vvvLMr0vvv.Ovvvmp1vvv#fP vvvvG$N
nG vvvVvvvfvvv1vvvLnOvvvLb,$&vvv- vvv1vvvQ
Ov.Qqv.k
kv2G vEvrv1vrv7,h v.qv.d0v.Ovmo: v)&v#GvK
nE/#v)O
nvLnbn
, vuv.fkv2+vKGv̂v. vv$vv.
k vv!vvSvv.H@h vv,vvKGGGvv9vv.Q>vv$vv!vv78vv(vv.Ovv3G vvEvv. vv7:onmlkj
ihp vrvJh>vJhGUv.GYnG v$v!vvkv2QnDrv"p+vKGG vSv.H,hGOv9vHvL>v.g
;%b.q2.GG S.H@+KGt"#.k2G$#L(1)@
CIvvvv}vvvvO:EPfknvvvvSpvvvv"nG)Gvvvv.Iokvvvv2G/Ovvvv9vvvvLDvvvv.ehG vvvvL>vvvv.A,1vvvvcvvvvJ#vvvv.C
nUnvvvvL6
0.Omopb!/CGKG$NG Kjhn>
nJn
G $9.Ynb(Jg@
G}e:&vvvcvvv%,h+vvvuvvvKGGDvvv9vvvlvvva0vvv.Ovvvm1vvv#Gvvv1vvv-G vvvVvvvfvvv1vvvL,hevvv.OQG)Gvvv.Io
G cSLIo
G $u.f, 1luLhGk2G H\.GJG 9. 17@
odcba?@=>;<9:78563412/0-.+,)*’(%&#$!"_@u}‘]^[\YZWXUVSTQROP@v}MNKLIJGHEFC@w}p(2)@
h vv$vv.0nvv,pvvQnG$Gvv.IoG vvcvvSvvLI
o,P+vv2vv.GE vv/ vvrvv.AGvv.U,hG>vv9vv$vv.Y
m#ovvfrvv!
nvvsm
v,v%,G&vcvM v.Gkv1v-bv)G!GvL0v),kvuv.f vrv.D+v%Gv. vVv.k
v,v%, v%0vSv.Qtv,v%kv1v-Cn
DnvvJ
levv1vvL+vv%@h>vv!vvPvv.G0vv9vv(vv.>vv.fh0vv9vvSvv.hQhfh0vv9vvEvv.O;vv.f,h0vvlvvu
qvvLhfkvv2#vv.PG
Ov1vlvcv!v.fo@=ph+v.G$NG$tv2vL,/&vcvLaGOv$v-,qv.dtv2v1vL+v%:odcba?@=>;<9:7
8563412/0-.+,)*’(%&#$!"_@u}p?
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U211vvvv212.
(2)0.Om:80vvvv82.
179www.alukah.net
Pn
t6vvLn+ovv%1vv. vvcvv,vvJhG vv$vv1vv<vv.bG vvKjC
nGnvvKngobvv!vv1vv,vv%C1vv.+vv%,bvv(vvJ#vv.CPf vv,vv%
1vv.Uvv\vvEvv.HCGvv1vv,vv%#vvcvv,vv%@kvvuvv1vvm0vvcvv.OhfE vv/C1vv1vv,vv%1vvJhfCGvv1vv,vv%?h#vv.PGO1r. .f -b(J#.O1P# ,%b(-?
hPn
t6vvvLn+vvv%1vvv#
nOrvvv2nvvvrpvvv1
6vvv9pvvv,vvv%G vvvPvvv.1vvvrvvv7#vvvd0vvv.Ovvvm:o412/0-p@htvv#&vv-0vvrvv.d vv,vv%:C&vv9vv%#ovv96vv,nvv$vv.fbvv(vvJC1vv1vvuvv%,h+vv.Rvv.c
4kvv1vvuvv%,
vvrvvJCGvvKr
8vv%0vv.Ovvmn#vv)qvv2vv"ohk
nvvL6[vv9ovv%kvv1vv-,hG!fk
nvvrnvvJr
8ovv%CGvv.tvv%G!GvvL,
Qevv%#vv.;vvrvvuvv%$1vv1vvuvv%!kvv$vv.PGOvv9vvlvvcvv!vv.f#vvdC1vv1vvuvv%?C#vv.C&vv.kvv0CqvvJQbvv!vv/#vv.G>vv,vv7C1vv21vvcvvJG vvKj>vvLi@h vv,vvKGC&vv.1vv.bm+vv(vv.;odcb
a?@=>;<9:78563412/0-.+,)*’(%
&#$!"_@u}p@
h0vv2vvJhCfG$Nn
G vvuvv2vv1vvLntvv.fC&vvYvv@nG)Gvv.I,h vv%0vvuvv)#vv.Gkvvrvv.
k vv,vv%kvv2
tvv"#vv.0nvvcrvv$nvv!vv.f,kvvrvvJQC0vv(vv. vv-8nvvEnvvl
7vv_vv.
kbvv!vv/Gqvv9vvLGDpvv,pvv%r1pvvr
nvv9rvv"p0vv.Ovvm
n,Dvv1vv=
CRv.Qbv!v1v,v%1v( vrv.Fv-kv2env1nv.1nv7pG v?v3
8,hG!fvvvvhqvJUv.QC
n&rvYnv@n
kvuvLGk
hbvrv0k
vvvv
0ovvrnvvL8QoCf0vv2vvrvv/kvv2CQV#vvVvvL,/0nvv2rvvLnDnvv,vv.h/0vvfvv.OQn+vv.,0vv(vv9vv_vvLoG)P
rfn
#vv)C11-,ChG Eu%nhG lLLn#)Gu,1#f0lL
qLn+KGG uLH@
hC#vLG$NG vuv2v1vLEGv.8nv-oG v9vPvcv7n
1v#GvKCn
Drv$v. v,v%h>pv$v. v,v%,hG vcv.OIpE v/
C1vvv1vvv,vvv%,hEGvvv2vvv.Qg1vvv9vvvlvvv.Uvvv1vvv"#vvv.>vvvLi:odcba?@=>;<9:78563412/0-.+,)*’(%&#$!"_@u}‘]^[\YZWXUV
STQROP@v}MNKLIJGHEFC@w}p(1)@
(1)0.Om:81vvvv82.
180www.alukah.net
+KG#. rq(-CG.+%G u21L ,% 1r. .gE /C11,%(1)@
bvv.OhGE vv/C1vv1vv,vv%hCGvv2vvLhg1vv$vv.DvvJK1vv. vvY6vv2vv],h vvuvv(6vv- vv%0vvVvvJ
qqvv,vv%vvvv
tvv$vv.8vv.qqvvcvv.Gvvvvkvv#qvvPvv$vv.GC&vv,vv%Uvv.Oqvv.fhqvv. vv.G vv-:oMNKL
IJGHEFC@w}p(2)@
Fvvv}vvv+vvv{:h+vvv"tvvv.&vvv.G0vvvPvvvHvvvLhf#pvvv)rC1vvv1vvv,vvv%?tvvv1vvvm0vvvPvvv#dG vvvrvvvL0vvv7n
Ch
G ?p$.dn?+"+uKG09u!6
%G$1(.Ao#dC11,%?
G}e:/,/, vv1vvQG$#vvLtvv$vv.knvv,pvv$rvv:
n@+vv% vv%0nvvPrvvH
nvvLhGE[
rvv0qvv.k
#pvv)C1v1v,v%,1v"tv.&v.G0vEv2qv.&v-h0vEv9vL#v.&v-@h vuv)qtv0#nv,ov%8
nvcrv2v1vLl#v?v.Rj4,0vrvVpvJhf
1vv-C+vv"nG vvrvvL0vv7,hQkvv.qnvv,vv%kvv2G vvLDvv!vv7,G vvK0vv)tvv.&vv.G0vvLtvv2vv.fG vv?vv$vv.d,h+vvKG
CqLHoE /G Er1r7@
S9|,:h+"UJ6
qn
,%C1.+%?
G}e:htv1vm0ovVvJ8
qv,v%,kv!vrvJtv.&v: v,v%Ov.1vrv7l
kv2G vunvKpHbv!v1v-bv(vJ#v.
CGvvKhG#vv(vv-0vv.OvvmhXvv16vvcvv.g@hG vv$vv<vv"o0vvrvv.d:zG vvuvvKqGH/0ovvVvvJ
6bh vv.qvv.d
G vvEvvsy@ vv,vvKGqvv.d vv,vv%:oDAB~}|{zyxwvutsrqp@x}p(3)@
CDv$vJ:+vKG>v$v1v",1v. vL6ev%#pv)DovM&v-bv!v/G1v(v-G vVvfv1vL,QCi1vVv1vW
n
C#"m
G/>9$.Y1,%#LIk
;.&17@
G}e:+vvKG+vv.G vvV6vv2vvLoG vv?vv$vv1vv"o,G vvKj/0vvuvv.fkvv1vv-Rvvuvv.i,1vv"0nvv9rvv2nvvcovv-o
C#vv"lkvv2G vvlnvvLnL
pG vvrvvL0vv3p8
nvvVvvJ0vvrvv.
k vvrvv.dGu8vvcvv. vv/:o3412@z7
856@{p(4),1vvcvvJP vvv8vvLcCh/OghG&vvlvvLO1vv(vvlvvPvv-hqvv.d:oDA
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U215.
(2)0.Om:82.
(3)0.Om:83.
(4)G SLM:5,6.
181www.alukah.net
B~}|{zyxwvutsrqp@x}onmlkjihgfed@y}cba@?>=<;:98@z}76543210/.-,+@{}p(1)@
CIvv}vvO:tvv1vvm0vvrvv.d+vvKGG vvuvv0enh+vv.&nvv2pvv2q? vv$vv.PG vv%0nvvrovv"rE&vv.uhE&
qvv.
E 1-QG>c.f,Gt
#r9p<./k
r.dGu8c. /!?
otsrqponmlk@{zvp(2)?
G}e:$fG/Ov9pvLr
>v.Yn v%0ovcv]
nE/ v,vKgG$#v7p,C#6v7p#ovEv$vJmbv!v1v-G vVv0I
hG P0e@
hCtvvv$vvv!vvv:pG vvvPvvvLOn:h pvvvSpvvvJ6ID
ovvvMfpOnvvv18vvvJ&vvv.0vvvcvvvrvvv.HnG
t1rvvv1nvvvY
6vvv:r
bvvv1vvv(vvv.go@RvvvcvvvL
C1vvv(vvv.Ao0vvvcvvvrvvv.Hn1vvv. vvvEovvvMfbvvv!vvv/C1vvv1vvv,pvvv%,hG vvvfnvvvY
nvvv3p#vvv)8vvvKt
qvvvLgG vvvJGFvvv% vvv1vvv.Ovvvm,
kvvvvvrvvvvv. vvvvv.G:ocba@?>=<;:98@z}p(3)@
E&vvv/8vvMGd8vvKtvvLo0vv.Ovvmn!h/8
nvvlrvv9nvvLoh/8
nvv9nvv.nq
6vvmo
bvv)PtvvL0vv.Ovvm!!
h/8vv$vv"7#vv)8nvvKn
t7vvLp0vv.Ovvm!hC&vv:#nvv.r+vv.elDvv. vv%l#ovv9nvvH
nvv18vv"l!#vv.R vv:
n8nvv_ovv)7Cf
0vvv.Ovvvmn
Dvvv24!#vvvdC&vvv-#vvv.J#vvv(vvvKOvvv(vvv.GJ,h vvv)0vvvcvvv.O!!E&vvvQ0vvv.Ovvvm,h/
8o
9r
cp3r&lP
nv1.O9$LGQ8
nKn
t7
Lpgp@
Ef v%8vuv)rhGqvcv1v.k
,hEfr
v%8v(vQn0v.Ovm
n,hEf1nvrv1v:
nOGFv%G vK8
trvLp
vv-,kvvPvv9vvuvv.fn
DnvvLnXvv.
k,hn8
nvv$rvvLnVn#vvLXvv.
k#ovv0Rp#vv.
k,O
nvv1nvvrrvvYvv2bvv!vv1vvvn
hOvv9vv,vv!nvvvo
h821Jo
!
(1)0.Om:83vvvv86.
(2)G 2rLI:156.
(3)0.Om:85.
182www.alukah.net
CIvv}vvO:C+vvuvvKG0vvHvv.[vv3oG$1vv(vv.AoG vvuvv2vv.QoC1vv.+ovv%G vv$vvlvv?vv.Yn?C1pvv,vvKGG vvrvv2vvF
pG $P9r2
nFp
0oH.[p2.&n
-o:C1,KgG fp!r
_n
7phG ?n
0n
kn
7p0oc.#p!.&-?
vvrvvJDvvsq vv-EPfCf0vvcvv9vvM vv,vv%,hCf/0vvHvv2vvL+vv%1vv$vv.0vvcvv.&vv1vv-,hCf0vvuvv_vv%
CDMG&-hB/#-,h .C;q
LJb!/CbV.1-hD.GO-!!
qvvvv.dG)#vvvv.eG vvvvLGevvvv3kvvvv2#vvvvcvvvv(vvvv/tvvvv_vvvv%:zG vvvvuvvvv_vvvv%:#vvvvHvvvvLLG vvvv(vvvvlvvvvQ:
hG vvvuvvv_vvv.e:G&vvvEvvv2vvv.SG vvv(vvvlvvvQ@h0vvvcvvv2qvvvL1vvv-bvvv)G vvvPvvvuvvv.J@tvvvrvvv. vvv,vvv%:kvvv0f/
09(lQEPGhUm1. $2. f7k2G Pu.J@
ht_%G f1a:D2P-y@
kv$vcv(v/ztv_v1v%y:C&v-Dv2vQB/#v-hCDvMG&v-OGGv!v-,h v%0vHvL>v,v., vcvJeh>.O#S.Qt1)#.GO1) -@
hqvv.dG)#vv.eG vvLGevv3kvv2#vvcvv(vv/zDnvvLnVy:zG vvEvvLV:#vv./0vvcvv9vvJ1vv-,
h/G1Lk1-@h K v0r.d $.CRLanb!/G ,0c:Dn
LpV@
q.dG S.bL:
E&vvvvv2G#vvvvvLDl&vvvvv.1vvvvv(vvvvv2+vvvvv%4kvvvvv#DvvvvvLXvvvvv(vvvvv2Dvv9vv/1vv!vv1vv:hDvv9vv/Rvvlvv(vv2G vvPvvrvv%y(1)
8vvv# vvv%G$HG vvv$vvvEvvvMhf vvv$vvv.Ovvv$vvvcvvv-#vvv) vvv.eh8vvvrvvvL0vvvdC1vvv(vvv.Fvvv-,Dvvv1vvv= vvv%0vvLDvv$vv.GRvv1vvHvv.Gvv9vv-,h vv%0vvEvv9vvL#vv.GB/#vv-,h1vvK vvvGROGOJ+vv$vv.#vv-hCDvvMG&vv-,hGROGO+.t_$.
khD2P.
khGG9MG&.
k ,.@
hQObvv!vv/bvvKd vv.eC1vv(vv.Fvv-qvv.Fvv0k
:o76543210/.-,+@{}p@
CGv2vL+v%C&v-/0vSvuv.+v$qv-h#vVv1v2v9v-hDvM&v- v,v%,/0vPv9vEvsDv9v/#v?vLO
G 9lu1Lk1-!
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U221.
183www.alukah.net
qvv.dG vvLGevv3kvv2#vvcvv(vv/G vv2nvv=q
:zCUvv"G vv2vv=:G vv9vvlvvL0vvshE;vv.QIG vvSvv2A,tv2v:G vL0vFG v9vLGH@h1v=G v(vlvQ:#v.G&v\v.Jbv!v1v-#v)G vfv%hG vPvL@0vrv.d:1<<9-,k.&2=@
hqvv. vv-N:o654321p@Cj:evv$vv2G vvKjC1vv<qvv-
bv)tv9v$v.fy@E&v(v2Ctv9v%+v$v2hev$v2bv(vuv%,$&vuv%/8vSv.Qtv.&v(v2kv1v-,h/
CRu.E/Gu,h/CG2LE/Gu1,$2he$2h1<2hDM&2@
hE&v(v2Cbv!v%#v)Gu#v./8vcv!v$v.f,kv(&v(v20vEvLtv(v2Rv2A#v.kv2tv1v.&v2,h+.#)GuQ12,h+KGG S2A0$!&&20r1(.
k1#f0.Om#.>.O(1)@@@@
vv%0vvuvv.&vv.G0vvcvv9vvrvvJhfE[vv0qvv.k
1vv(#vvuvv.f vvrvv.Fvv,vv%1vv1vv.Ovvm,htvv1vvm0vvuvv.f+vvKGh+vv%Qn#nvv.rgo1vv#0vvJ0vv,vv%kvv2G vv2vv,vvL, vvrvvJ&vvMbvv.G#vv)QDhOpvv,pvv%kvvuvvLI
nQ>vv.Y
0v.Oovm
n,1vcvuvQG$HpG vKjtv.f0v(v9v_pvLo
8v#h0v"nQD0v.Gt
1rv(pv-p,G v9v2tv.&v:1vJG0v7
n
G rV7p@
1vvcvvJP vvv[vv!vv3#vv(vv,vv%Cf0vvK+vv2vv.Gh0vv9vvEvvPvvPvv.GCGvv2vv.QCGvv.0vv,vv%0vv.Ovvm
hCGvvvvvv1vvvvvv-o*)(p(2)o’&%$#"!‘p(3)oYXWp(4)@
S9|,:h+"C[.b.GC1.+%?
G}e:[vv2vvcvv.k
,kvv.Xrvvcovv,vv%Uvv.QD
nvvLp>vv.k
,h#vvVvvJGqvv1vv9ovv,ovv%bvv!vv/G vv$pvvEnvvv
q,kvv!vv.
v%0v,v9v$qv.G/bv9vrnvJn
G$HoCn
f6
Cn
hr/OgXnv16vcv.GCGv.n0rv,v%,h+v%0vL0vJhfC0vYv.
kQGDv7
C1vvv1vvv,vvv%,GvvvVvvv.Uvvv.k
1vvvcvvvJCfQnCn
hGtvvv1vvvmCfG vvvEvvvMfCbvvv$vvv.g,kvvv,vvvKgG vvv$vvvVvvv1vvv2vvv7o
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U221vvvv222.
0.Om:88vvvv93.
(2)8EPP.G:G1E<.G1$E27@(3)QhMGu:QD$7Gu,&YLIGu@(4)0.Om:87.
184www.alukah.net
CUv.1v9rv,v%kv2G vVqv$v1v% v,vKG>v,qvMhGC&vlvPv,v%1v$v.8v2vr
qv/ vJ0v,v%#v)1pvYv.bv7#ovM>v.I,
Cj:en
1Lp>1JIm@
8vv.>qvv-G)Gvv.IoG vv9vvPvvcvv7
o#vv)>vv(vv.Hkvv!vvPvv\vv1vv)E vv/#pvvVvvL vv!vv$vvLIG vv<vv. vv<vv7,
h#c,%1cZoG 2Y.Fd 1S9LhG1,.D2.1.
kCGLi@
h vuv(v,v%+vKgG v$vLIPG+v2v.f1v$nv,nv$6v7mCtv2nvLn#v)G v9v$v.0v)hRvLGApG vEv2v.HpE&v,v.#nvvv,nvvv$6vvv7
oG vvv2vvvEvvv=pbvvv)0vvv.OvvvmhCGvvv1vvv-,Dvvv1vvv=e
nvvvLnSnkvvv1vvv,vvv%C1vvv.+vvv%+vvvKGG$#vvv",
bvv(vvJ#vv.qvv.d vv,vv%:o*)(’&%$#"!‘_^]\[ZYXW@|}p@
kvv,vv%G!f#ovv,nvv16vv&hf&nvvlrvvPpvv1
qvv.k
hRvvcvv.Q0vv.k
vv!vvrvv.A0vv.Ovvm,1vv"+vv%QGevv2vv.fkvv2 vrv.Fv-,hOv1v9vEvP
qvPv.f#vVvLh#v.kv1v,v. v1v?vJhg,h0v?v9v$vcv.G1v-,hOGv!v.G#vVvL,
hG>vv9vv$vvcvv.G#vvdbvvM0vvM#vvVvvL,G vvKjG>vv9vv$vvcvv.G#vvcvv-#vvL8vv1vv)#vv)qvv2vv",htvv.f1vv1vv(vv,vv%#.b
nLn
Xn
9r-oB0.Jo+KGG $S,J@
qvvvvv.d8vvvvvcvvvvv. vvvvv/:oVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB@}}A
~}|{zyxwv@~}utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaAB@u~CDEFGHIJK@v~LMNOPQRST
UV@w~WXYZ[\]^_‘!"@x~p(1)@
8P?8"oB0.Jo+KGG $S,JpG !r.AnG $<1L
n11)G)G.Iph11)0.Om@
kvrvJOGv!v.Gbv!v/bvM0vM#vVvL,G vKjOGv!v.Gbv!v1v-#vL8v1v)#v)qv2v",h&vEv)
(1)0.Oo
m:88vvvv93.
185www.alukah.net
&vvvcvvv!vvv%#vvv)+vvv.bvvvM0vvvM#vvvVvvvLkvvv2G vvvEvvvrvvv1vvvrvvv7,E&vvv-0vvv.OvvvmopC#vvv.+vvv%kvvv0
0vcv!v$v.f@E&v,v%0vJGv!v.fbv!v1v-h0vuv!v$v.&v-,h/0vlvuvLhfCf0vuv.f+v.0v.Ovm,
h/0vvYvvcvv.f vv,vvKGCO&vv/&vvPvv2vv7GDvv9vv$vv.d,h vvuvv)+vvKgG vv$vvLqICQGOhG1vvJGvv. vv,vv%Cf0nv9nvE
nvPqvPv.Gbv)0v.Ovm
nbv(vJbvM0vMp#vVvLn,C#v.bvM0vMo#vVvLnkvrvJ/Dvabv!v1v,v%+vKg
G v$vLIn#v.B nv$nv-ohCD
rvMn&nv-o, vrvJC
n;6vLJkv1v,pv%oG vPvlvLGJoG v<v0K
oG v$v9v9v.1vcv7
o,tv$v.C
n;6vLn
kvvv1vvv,vvv%G vvv?nvvvJ
rHohG vvvl
nvvvrrvvvLo,1vvvJGtvvv"+vvvKGbvvv!vvv/#vvv0#pvvvEpvvv,pvvv%hCRvvvuvvv. pvvv,vvv%,hbvvv!vvv/
tv!v$v.8pv,v%h8vcv2v1vLG8pv,v%,h/Dva0v.Ovmop+vKGbv!v/EGv.8v-,h+v.G vEvVv1vm
o
G 2V1Lo,k $n-ohCDM
n&n
-o!
h vv$vv.tnvv!6vv$vv.gCDvvQ
6#vv)tvv0#pvv,vv%G/&vvuvvPvv.QnhG vvYvvcvvmn,h vv$qvv.GO
rvv9nvvLrDnvv$vv.go
nv$nvQ
nkv1v,v%#vM0vJG
k#v)G v$vLGQIphG vSvuv.i,bv!v%n0v.Ovmp#v)tv0#pv,pv%Cf
q
G Yo
L6
qJ1n!n
gn#(,%h#)C+!,%#.1
n!n
gn
,Xo
L4
k2G$1JGfhG (l.SphG E1.I@
h&nvvlnvvKn
Jr1vvYvv.Fvvcovv,ovv%r,hqnvv!6vv:rC#vv.G
ovv,ovv%,hG!f>vv.AhGz1vv2vvYvv.bvv7#vvM>vv.Iy
#H!.[7QO0,7 1S9LhG1,.G E2.H,D1= %8n
2r
sn ,%1Y.b7
l>1JI
l;$1(7@
h+v%G!f0nvPrv9nvLrDpv$v.f
nbvM0vMn#pvV
rvLnh0vPv9vcv\vlv.&v-,h0vL>v.&v-Cf0vrv2v"n+vKgG v2vYv.bv7
nG vLO0v,v7
n,hCf0v2v1vcnv,v%1v,v.G vEv2v.H,h v. v%8vuv)#v(v.Ov2v7:oJI
HGFp,h1vcvJCf/Dva0v.Ovmbv!v/EGv.8v-tv"+vKG,h v$vQ
#vv(vv,vv%tvv"+vvKG,hhqvvmbvv!vv/#vvrvvJGQG vvY7vvL8
G vvKjCUvv.HnC+vv!nvv-o,C0vvrnvv)nC&vv-Bf
G$hGfo
Cf0nvurvSpvm
n v,v%bv)RvHvVv16v9pv-pG vEvrv1vrv16v7p,hCf0v9v.q6vmn
bv)G v96vHnvl8v2hQGAn
RHV17pbM0M#VL!!
BfG$hGfo
Cf0ovvlvv.>vv,nvv,ovv%1vv. vv$vvlvv.>vv#IG vv9vv2/8vvHvv\vvL vv,vv%bvv!vv/1vv.d@EfbvvM0vvM#vvVvvL+vv.0vv.Ovvm,h+vv.G vvKj8vv #vvLhGbvv!vv1vv-h+vv.Uvvfvv1vvL,kvvrvv.d vv,vv%:o~}|{zyxwvpGOvvvv9vvvvEvvvvYvvvvLhGG vvvv$vvvv.Xvvvv2G v2vcv1vJ,h+vKgG v$vLI,Ov$vcv.Gtv0ebvM0vM#vVvL1v#Pf>vJ0vJI,E&v,v.G$PfG v9v28v9vEvPvQ0v.Ovm@@@@Ov$vcv.G:tv#&v,v.&v2vLI0v.Ovm!bv(vJ+v.Ov# v.GbvM0vMn#vVvLn
ht!,%O+S7h#l.>#IhE;.QIhG&2,.Q:{tsr}@
186www.alukah.net
h+vv.Ovv&Gd0vvEvv$vv"tvv"#vvcvv.&vv2G vv$vvlvv.>vv#IhG vvJ+vvSvv7:CE&vvv$&vv:?!C&vv:
0.Om!!C&:,bM0Mo#VL,0.Om?!
hCOvvLY0vv.Ovvm1vv.)>vv.1vv7bvv!vv/Ovv&G vv,vv% vv1ovvL0vvFnCbvvVvv.1nvv,vv%:opo
nmlkjip,hCRv.QE v/CGv1v-G vKjCGvKg1v9v,v$v7G vPvLqv7
v1vuv.fbv2vJGk
v-kv2G v_v.+vL,#vdC&v-#vcvM6Rl#vuvL6elbv(vJCGv1v-,hG!f0vcv!v$v.fC&v- 1Qb2JG
k !cM0M,h u(-C;1L
lb(JG$NG cM0M!
h0vvcvv!vv)o vv,vv%Cfq
GuqvvJ#nvv)qbvv!vv1vv-hbvv!vv/CGvv1vv-:olkjiph+vv.0vv9vvrvv!
qvv3o
kvv2#pvv(nvv)pGuh&pvvc
nvv$pvv-phbvv\vv.0vv.g,1vvEvv1vv=ChUvv!nvv-oQ17vv-E vv/#nvv(rvvV
nvv3pG E.tp%
pG$hdp $VL
(1)!
h0v?vcv!ov,v.0v.Ovmp#v(v.Ov2v7 v9vrvL0vLDvrv1vrv7E0v$v.&v1v7,0vcv!
qv"o1v,v.)Gv.8v-
G vv$vvSvvJh+vv1vv)G vvPvv2vv3kvv2E&vvcvv.eGubvv!vv1vv-,hkvv2E0vvVvv. vv-E vv/#vv.hUvv"E vv1vv-,kvv1vvrvv.d:{hgf@@AB},bvv(vvJ+vv.qvv.dEGvv.I0vv.Ovvm:oD
EFGHIJKpGbvv9vvLkvv.G vv-1vv#fGuB;vvLgbvv!vv1vv,vv%hkvY
6v!v-bv!v1v,v%,hCbv\v.gh#nv(nvE
nv-oCtv<vLn#v$qv.Cbv\v.+v%h#v(vEv,v%,kv,v.CkvYv"o#v(v,v%b(JGu, $.09$9qd1-#)8r.ihU2LhEDP.fhD!%hUlF@
hGbvv9vvLkvv.G vv-1vvHvv\vv,vv,vv%,hCqvvLqhG1vvKn
&rvv2pvv,vv%h>vvL0vv$nvv9pvv,vv%,hCbvv!vv(vv.GC&vv,vv%tvv.&vv.G
Gvv.[vv,vv1vv)kvv2tvv1vvJ+vv%h#vv&G#vvL8vv,vv%htvvK1vv,vv%@@@qvv.d vv,vv%:oMNOPQRSTUVp,0vvvvcvvvv!vvvv)0vvvv.OvvvvmpC&vvvv-bvvvvlvvvv.
bvvv(vvv,vvv%,h0nvvvJrbvvv.+vvv%E vvv/kvvv9vvvFUvvvlvvvEvvv7>vvvJ0vvvJI vvv!vvvcnvvv0qvvv71vvv-,8vvvHvvv!vvv.#vvv)G vvvEpvvvrrvvvJp
hG vvvEnvvvP
nvvvJphG vvv!ovvv&e
p,hG vvv$nvvvu
rvvvLphG vvvu
nvvv1rvvvJphG vvv9vvv #vvvLp,h8vvvEvvvu
ovvv$ovvv,vvv.G vvv$vvvEvvv2vvv7
ohG vvv$vvv.OIo
hG$G.Io@
E&vv-#vv.qvvml
tvvL0vv%l,/0nvvrpvvlovv-oE/Q>vv"l#ovvE
rvvPpvv)ltvvL0vv%l,hE&vv-bnvvlovv.4h8vvPvv.#ovvF
l
hUn
lr
Fl
/0rJpQo
b!1-E/Q>"lD!1%l#9P.#Fl@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U227vvvv228.
187www.alukah.net
h0ovvYvv1vvmo0vv.Ovvm
opE vv/+vvKGCf0vvJbovv.nG vv!
6vv-n)Gvv.8vv-tvv20vvfvvl
ovvLn vv,vv%
h0clo
.nb(,%:oQRSTUVp@
h+vuvKG8v%qG v9vcv.Qao1v1v)0v.Ovmn
bvM0vMn#vVvLnh1v1v)EGv.8v-,hG>v9v$nvdn
Rnv$rv"o
G)G.IpG);r
(n2rbn
Sn
Ln
k2qVLO18J+%0.Omn
bM0Mp#VL(1)@
h1vcvJCfC#vYnv.rG#vdCGv1v,v%C
n#rvLn+ov%r0v.Ovm
op1v. vK+v.HE v/C+v!v,v%,hCn
GrvvKpq
nvv$vv1vvWp0vv.Ovvm
np pvv1ovv!rvvrovv.gbvv!vv/hn>
rvv-pC1vv1vv,vv% pvv1nvvPrvv9nvvcvv1vvJn1
nvvVnvvLngooW
XYZ[\]^_‘!"@x~#$%&’()*+,-.@y~p,h#vvcvv(vv/k
nvvVnvv!
nvv:pG vvcvv1vvLo,Cj: vv$qvv.Gqvv9vvL1nvv:
r#vv)#vvuvv.fEqvv.#nvv7pC+vv!vv,vv%,G&vvl
nvvVnvv!vv.Gbvv)G vv\
qvvL0vvspG vvcvv.ep
E vv/G vv\vvL0vvsG!GnvvLpG vv$vv.Upvv"pE vv/C
n+rvv!pvv,pvv%@R
nvv%6
0vcvrv.HopQ0vFn0v.Ovm
n,qv2v"Cf0nvVpv"nC1v(v.Agh#vcv,v%G vrv$v1vW@h/&vEvJq
O
G $P.k7,G $,%Cf6
0cr.HpRn%6QGFE7
nq$1Wp0.Omp@
kvv2+vvKGG vv?vv.8G vvKj>nvvcnvv"nO
nvv1qvvJ&nvv.0vvcvvrvv.Hnp0nvvS
ovv%7QGFvvEvv7
n0vv.Ovvm
n,
qvvvvvv.dn vvvvvv-C+vvvvvv!
ovvvvvv-o:o01234p,Cj:/R vvvvvv:
n8nvvvvvvKr
tovvvvvvLo
0vv.OvvmnhCOvv.DhG vv-G vvrvv.dnht
nvv!6vv$vv.g1pvvfpvv!
rvv_nvv7mhnRpvvJ
6Imhnq
nvvPrvv.nIm,h vv%0vvEvv9vvL#vv.GQC0nvv-o
h %0LGb.GRc.Qg(2)@
h1vvcvvJqvv!vv1vv"8vvrvvdG vv$vvlvv.>vv#I,hn0nvv<rvv2ovv:
o vv!vvrnvv.rep
Cf6
0vvcvvrvv.Hnp vv1vvQbvv!vv/Xvvv0 vvv-G vvvrvvvJ0vvv%,1vvv"+vvv.bvvv!vvv/Dvvvs
5hGXvvvF,kvvv1vvv.Ovvvm
opDvvv24,h+vvv.+vvv%G vvLtvv3G vv$vvPvv.kvvLhf0vvVvv!vv.f,h#vvcvv,vv%qvv$vv1vvW0vv.Ovvm,h+vv.+vv.G vv2vvSvv1vvL0ovv!
rvvrvv2
qvvvv$vvvv1vvvvWn0vvvv.Ovvvvm
nbvvvv!vvvv/hn>
rvvvv-p0vvvvcvvvvrvvvv.Hnp:o56789:;<=phO
ov$8v2nDv.#v"oG vrv$v1vWG v2vSv1vLo,$&v-0nvErv$pv"o#vcv-G v2vSv.QI
n
G vvcvv_vv1vv$vv7n
G vvPvv.QIn vv1vvcvvrvv.H,G vv2vvSvv.QI
nG vvcvv$vv!vv1vv71vv.>vv.O0vv.Ovvmp,hG vv$vv9vv$vv<vv!vv7
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U229vvvv230.
(2)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U234.
188www.alukah.net
1vvvvvvrvvvvvv$vvvvvv1vvvvvvW0vvvvvv.Ovvvvvvmp,o9:;<=pQn>pvvvvvvdn
1nvvvvvvV
nvvvvvvLo
0vvcvvrvv.Hp,hbnvv.rOnIoG vv2vvVvvLp vv1vvcvvrvv.Hnp#vvcvv?vvMI
l#vv)Gu,hG vvKjCbvv.On
1nvVnvLngo+v.Gu,hqvJ
qQGuCf0vuv.fqv$v1vW
o0v.Ovmn+v.G$OGI
ohG vPv2v3
oG v$v.Oj7
G $2.RLo
k2P v(1)@
kvvLMG vvrvv.eo1vvcnvv.rOI1nvvV
nvvLp0vvcvvrvv.Hnp,hRhGdpB/#pvv-phCDvvMG&pvv-p1vv. vvcvv<vv.Qpb!/0.Omp@
CGvK0vcvrv.HopC+v!nv-o>v$v1vcv.
k,C1v(v.Angohbv.Fv08pv,v%,hG
nvJn#pv,v%hbv2v1vJp+v%
hOhG1pvv,vv%h#vv.GRvv1vv,vv%,hC#vv.G pvv,vv%hCevvLGXpvv,vv%@@@hOvv.QnG vv$vv.tvv3oG)0vv$vv.&vv27#vv)
>(.Hk!P\1)E /#VL, 1P9rLqhG>$1c.
kb(J0.OmbM0M#VL@
qv.d8vcv. v/:oedcbaBADCFEHGJ@~~ILKNMPORQT
SVUXWZY\[^]‘_"!$#&%(’*),+.-0/2143658@uuv7:9<;>=@
?~}|{zyxwvuts@vuvp(2)@
hUvv"G vv$vv.tvv3oE vv/#vvVvvL,hOGvv!vv.G>vv$vv1vvcvv.
kbvv!vv/0vv.Ovvmp,hq
nvvJpe
n
0vvcvvrvv.HohG#vvLC8ovv-obvv!vv/G1vv(vv,vv$vv.0vv.Ovvm,hn8nvvHnvv1qvv"rtvv1vvmOvv1vvuvv.fG vv!vvrvv.Ao1vv1vv)G/1vv)
hC1v1v-,1vcvJev1v.HqvPvLj5
GOv9v$vL6Ov(v.GJbvJ0vJI,htv"hGDvJ#v(v,v$v.bv(vJg#v)G S.b V.D2-t$.b(JG!GL!
Bhi0vv.OvvmC1vv.ghC#vv-CDvvPvv)E0vv.GA,hCtvvL#vv,vv$vv.CDvvPvv)EtvvLGehCDvv!vv,vv$vv.k2Cb!/#(M 7@
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U235.
(2)0.Om:99vvvv101.
189www.alukah.net
h+vv1vv#)Gvv.8vv-hCo
OrvvL8vv-CkvvYvv"nG$#vv.tvv) vv*qvv.#vv7,h+vvuvvKGG>vv9vv$vvdRvv$vv"o
G$OvLI, vuv)kv2#vVvLh v1vQkv21v!vJIG v(vSv#Ikv!vPv\v1v),h+vuvKGGOv9vrvL6G$Ho
hG$eohG$1(.AohG c.F0Jok2#VL@@@
h+vvuvvKGGQ8vvEvv"C1vv(vv.A0vvcvvrvv.HE vv/#vvVvvL,h+vvuvvKGUvv.Q1vv(vv.EOvvLGFvv1vv"kvv2#vvVvvL,h+vvKg+vv2Chd+vv?vvLI vv2vv(vv2EOvvLGFvv1vv",G vv9vv2+vv2G vvEvv!vvrvv7G$h vv/kvv2#P!P"G ,?LGJG KjU2g8.Q0H,%t!-(1)@
h1vvcvvJ#vv.RGdbvv)G vv.G vvJ0vv)hG)Gvv.Ihbvv<vv.AG vvPvvlvvL,hGOvv9vvrvvLhGkvv2#vvVvvL
Dvvv.d0vvv.OvvvmbvvvM0vvvM#vvvVvvvLBfG$hGf vvv9vvv#h0vvv"QD0vvv.0vvv.OvvvmG vvv9vvv2QB+vvv.h+vvv.Uf1L:oILKNMPOp@
CtvvvLe0vvv.OvvvmC1vvv.ghC#vvv-,kvvvLkvvvcvvv,vvv$vvv.hC>vvv!vvvPvvv,vvv$vvv.bvvv!vvv/bvvvLTG vvv$vvv!vvvv,
htvvvLOvvv2G vvv.RGQI1vvv1vvv(vvv$vvv.hqvvvmEGvvv.8vvv-G$DvvvJbvvvSvvvLC#vvv.#vvv-@@@hGvvvLqG vvv?vvv$vvv1vvvd
O.>J0) -:G$1.GfhG)G.I@
O?JhG 1.Omp,h+.C#.#,%@
hG vvvv_vvvv.+vvvvLCfOvvvv?vvvv.O+vvvv%1vvvv1vvvv)0vvvvJ0vvvv-tvvvv.fOvvvv?vvvv.OGk
Dvvvvrvvvv1vvvvrvvvv1vvvv.k
,h vvvv1vvvvQ
#vv?vvLOG&vvEvv(vv.A1vv1vv)0vvJ0vv-,Dvv1vv=qvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:oMPOp#vvcvv(vv/oJpC&vvvvvv-hqvvvvvvdbvvvvvv!vvvvvv/G$QVh vvvvvv%0vvvvvvuvvvvvv)Ovvvvvv?vvvvvv.OoG$1vvvvvv.0vvvvvv)hG)Gvvvvvv.IpOvvvvvv?vvvvvv.On
kv. vPv?v.O/0vuv.fbv2v.OIm,/0vuv.fE/u,E&v$v.tv.fOv?v.Oo+v%8vuvL0v$v.k
#v(v,v% 1.Om@
;vv%+vv%bvv(vvJ#vv.Ovv?vvJhG vv1vv.Ovvmtvv.&vv.G#ovv(nvvl8vvK0vv)$#vvLGu,$fGu+vv.
G vKjC#vL+v%1v. vPv?v.O,kvPv?vJhG,kv,v%kv2G vEvrv1vrv7tv.&v.GOv.>vJ0v) v!6v-,h#v.
0.OmE/1$<.17q2!7m ,%k2G P?.Ou!
hOv?v.Oo+v%G v9vuvL0v$v27 v1v.OvmnO v1v"lCf
q0v.Ovm
nptv.fCkvYv"n#v(v,v%
(1)G H. Jj,U0M,G rVWG rLB&2,G ?MAG <.&2,U240.
190www.alukah.net
bvvv(vvvJGu,hCn
brvvv!vvv/#vvv(vvvM vvv7
khCn
Qrkvvvd#vvvuvvv.&nvvv7k
,h vvvcvvv"6Ovvv?vvv.On0vvvcvvvrvvv.Hnp/1vvv(vvv-0.Om
npO 1"lb!/CkY!167pG/1)p+(.b!/C11-!!!
h vv$vv.G&vv9vv,vv/#vvSvv,nvvJoOvv?vv.Op+pvv%p
1vv1vv)0vvJ0vv-Cqvv2vv"0vv.Oovvm
obvv!vv/C1vv1vv-qvv.Fvv0
k:
oQTSVUXWZY\p,h8vvvvvv#h0vvvvvv"G vvvvvvLD0vvvvvv.+vvvvvv.8vvEvvrvv1vvs
l vv$vv.hnbnvvJn
Gu0vv.Ovvmp,>vvcvv!vv,vv.GuDvvrvv.k
,Dvv1vv=G&vv\vv2vvrvv:bvv!vv/CQVG .Gqd@
htvv.fGvv9vv.e+vvKgG vvrvvVvv7+vv.Obvv.AOvv1vvJ&vv.0vv.Ovvmp,qvv.d8vvcvv. vv/:o7:9<;>=@?~}|{zyxwvuts@vuvp@
htv$v.OGFv$v.k
&vKtvLG v$v2v,v$v.J,kv(&v(v./&vcvLatv"#v.0v9vcv!qvso
1vcv$vLOv1vJ&v.0v.OvmDv1v)hkv.8v-htv1vlv1v7G v.kv.I,h8vEvJ0vJ#vuv.fG vrv2vLG vKjOokv)kv1v-@1v"tv"#vv.&vvcvvLkvv-Cf
qGu1
nvvcnvv=n
0vv.Ovvmnp&vv2vv1vv.
kQOvv./
kE vv/G vv$vvVvvL0vv1vv)@hOvv(vv9vvcvvLqao
vvvv$vvvv.PGG&vvvv9vvvv_vvvvLG vvvv$vvvvVvvvvL0vvvv.fhkvvvv.I0vvvv.Ovvvvmp1vvvvlvvvv.QZG vvvvVvvvv2vvvvLkvvvv2qvvvvVvvvv7
#.O/p@
&v_vLJG$eE v/Ch/O+v.G v$v9v#;vL0v)1v. vrvVv7@hqv. v:: vrvJG&v9v,v:G vrvVv7
hUvv.Q1vv(#vvuvv.&vvuvv%G vv(vv.e1vvcvvJCfG[vv$vv#&vv(vv9vv%bvv!vv/Ovv1vvJ&vv.0vv.OvvmphC1vv1vv-hEG.8-,h8V2E.fb!/G1LhC#.f@
N N N N N N
191www.alukah.net
Gyq%QS
Gy}(\(YGyZqJ?
8rJ0%:O.0.OmG $LbS!2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
8rJ0%:O@U0Mb2JG l9.MG H. Jj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
8rJ0%:O@G. JG V$Jj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
8cL0m1. u9.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
CO!.HG u9.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
C+%G $V.OQhG $LG>dG 92Gb9$JJ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
G $rJ#7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
qV7Qq%(10)&21q.G !6
-pEO$.b1"oh .Wlo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
On18J
o&. .Wlp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
qV7Qq%(11)C&21q.AoG !6
-pEOE.bo
h0cr.Hoh0.Omon. . . . . . . . . . . . .65
O18Jo&.0.Omp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
qV7Qq%(12)&22qG !6
-p0.Omp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
qV7Qq%(13)O1Jo&.0.Om
op(0.Omo
k2G Pq
?)p),(0.OmG JGb17). .125
qV7Qq%(14)0.Oo
mopbM0M
o#pVLn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
N N N N N N
192www.alukah.net
top related