ระบบหัวกระจายน้ำดับเพลิง springkler system
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SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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Laboratory Approvals
AGENCYAGENCY STANDARDSTANDARD
UL & c-UL (ULC) NFPA & UL Requirements
FM FM Requirements(NFPA = minimum)
LPC LPC StandardVDS VDS Standard
NYC & LA Specific City approvals
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NFPA
o 1. NFPA 13 Standard for the installation of sprinkler system.
o 2. NFPA 14 Standard for the installation of standpipe andhose systems.
o 3. NFPA 20 Standard for the installation of stationary pumpsfor fire protection
o 4. NFPA 25 Standard for the inspection, testing, andmaintenance of water base fire protection systems.
o 5. NFPA 72 National fire alarm code
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WET PIPE SYSTEM (,)
DRY PIPE SYSTEM (,)
DELUGE SYSTEM (,)
PREACTION SYSTEM (,)
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1. ( Control Valve )
2. ( Sprinkler Head )
3. Supervisory Switch
4. Water Motor Alarm Gong
5. Pressure Guage
6. Service Valve / Block Valve with position
Supervisory Switch
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WET PIPE SYSTEM
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WET PIPE SYSTEM
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DRY PIPE SYSTEM
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DRY PIPE SYSTEM
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DELUGE SYSTEM
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DELUGE SYSTEM
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DELUGE SYSTEM
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PREACTION SYSTEM
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PREACTION SYSTEM
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( Sprinkler Head )
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MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTIONThe components that make up a sprinkler head are:
Frame or casting
Deflector
Fusible element or frangible bulb
Pip CapPintle Screw
Belleville Spring
Viking Sprinklers utilize low zinc content brass to
provide a more resilient frame or casting. This low
zinc content protects the sprinkler from de-
zincification.
The Bellville Spring seals the water way of the
sprinkler. This metal to metal sealing mechanism
allows the waterway to clear even when no pressure
is on the inlet of the sprinkler head.
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155F 175F 200or212F 286F 360F 500F(68C) (79C) (93or100C) (141C) (182C) (260C)
Ordinary Intermediate High Extra UltraHigh High
Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max Ceil Max Ceil Max Ceil
Temp Temp Temp Temp Temp100F 150F 225F 300F 465F(38C) (65C) (107C) (149C) (240C)
Red Yellow Green Blue Mauve Black
Standard Response Elements 5 mm bulb
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155F 175F 200or212F 286F
(68C) (79C) (93or100C) (141C)
Ordinary Intermediate High
Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max CeilTemp Temp Temp100F 150F 225F
(38C) (65C) (107C)
Red Yellow Green Blue
Fast Response Elements 3 mm bulb
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Control Mode Standard Response and Quick Response
Standard Coverage
Upright
Pendent
Sidewall
Extended Coverage
Upright
Pendent
Sidewall
Control Mode Special Application
Large Drop Sprinkler Suppression
ESFR upright and Pendent Residential
Type of Sprinkler Heads
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Control Mode Sprinklers
Control Mode Sprinklers are separated in the following
Categories:Standard Coverage - Standard Response
Standard Coverage - Quick Response
Extended Coverage Standard Response
Extended Coverage Quick Response
Dry Barrel Standard Response/Quick Response
Storage Standard/Quick Response
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QUICK RESPONSE & EXTENDED
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QUICK RESPONSE & EXTENDED
COVERAGE SPRINKLER
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FUSIBLE LINK SPRINKLER
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STORAGE APPLICATION
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STORAGE APPLICATION
SPRINKLER
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DRY PIPE SPRINKLER
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Basic Requirements
The requirements for spacing, location, and position of
sprinklers shall be based on the following principles :
(1) Sprinklers shall be installed throughout the building.
(2) Sprinklers shall be located not to exceed maximum protection
area per sprinkler.(3) Sprinklers shall be positioned and located to provide satisfactory
performance with respect to activation time and distribution.
(4) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted fromareas specifically allowed by this standard.
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Basic Requirements
The requirements for spacing, location, and position of
sprinklers shall be based on the following principles :
(5) When sprinklers are specifically tested and test results demonstrate
that deviations from clearance requirements to structural members
do not impair the ability of the sprinkler to control or suppress a fire,their positioning and locating in accordance with the test results shall
be permitted.
(6) Clearance between sprinklers and ceilings exceeding the maximumsspecified in this standard shall be permitted provided that tests or
calculations demonstrate comparable sensitivity and performance of
the sprinklers to those installed in conformance with these sections.
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System Protection Area Limitations
The maximum floor area on any one floor to be protected by sprinklers
supplied by any one sprinkler system riser or combined system riser shall
be as follows:
(1) Light hazard = 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(2) Ordinary hazard = 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(3) Extra hazard
(a) Pipe schedule = 25,000 ft2 (2323 m2)
(b) Hydraulically calculated = 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)
(4) Storage High-piled storage = 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)
and storage covered
by other NFPA standards
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Light Hazard Occupancies
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Educational
Hospitals Institutional
Libraries, exceptlarge stack rooms
Museums
Nursing or convalescenthomes
Offices, including dataprocessing
Residential
Restaurant seating areas
Theaters andauditoriums, excluding
stages and prosceniums
Light Hazard Occupancies
Educational
Hospitals Institutional
Libraries, exceptlarge stack rooms
Museums
Nursing or convalescenthomes
Offices, including dataprocessing
Residential
Restaurant seating areas
Theaters andauditoriums, excluding
stages and prosceniums
Educational
Hospitals Institutional
Libraries, exceptlarge stack rooms
Museums
Nursing or convalescenthomes
Offices, including dataprocessing
Residential
Restaurant seating areas
Theaters andauditoriums, excluding
stages and prosceniums
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1
Ordinary Hazard Occupancies (Group 1)
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Ordinary Hazard Occupancies (Group 1)
Electronic plants
Glass and glass
products
manufacturing
Laundries
Restaurant service
areas
Automobile parkingand showrooms
Bakeries
Beveragemanufacturing
Canneries
Dairy productsmanufacturing and
processing
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2
Ordinary Hazard Occupancies (Group 2)
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Ordinary Hazard Occupancies (Group 2)
Confectionery products
Distilleries
Dry cleaners
Feed mills
Leather goods
manufacturing
Libraries - large stackroom areas
Machine shops
Mercantile
Paper and pulp mills
Paper process plants
Post offices
Printing andpublishing
Repair garages Textile manufacturing
Tire manufacturing
Wood productassembly
and etc.
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1
Extra Hazard Occupancies (Group 1)
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Extra Hazard Occupancies (Group 1)
Printing [using inkshaving flash points
below 100F (38C)]
Rubber reclaiming,
compounding, drying,milling, vulcanizing
Saw mills
Aircraft hangars
Combustible hydraulicfluid use areas
Die casting
Metal extruding
Plywood and particleboard manufacturing
Upholstering withplastic foams
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2
Extra Hazard Occupancies (Group 2)
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Extra Hazard Occupancies (Group 2)
Open oil quenching
Plastics processing
Solvent cleaning
Varnish and paintdipping
Asphalt saturating
Flammable liquidsspraying
Manufactured home ormodular building
assemblies (wherefinished enclosure is
present and has
combustible interiors)
Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less
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g g
(Miscellaneous Storage)
Curve 1 Light Hazard Occupancy
Curve 2 Ordinary Hazard Group 1
Curve 3 Ordinary Hazard Group 2
Curve 4 Extra Hazard Group 1
Curve 5 Extra Hazard Group 2
TREE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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TREE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
LOOPED SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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LOOPED SPRINKLER SYSTEM
GRIDDED SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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GRIDDED SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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(Sprinkler System For Storage Warehouse)
Initial Considerations
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Initial Considerations
Determining commodity classification
Identifying storage arrangements
Storage height & clearance
Automatic Sprinklers for Storage Protection
NFPA 13-2002, Chapter 12
Some Storage Hazards not addressed
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Some Storage Hazards not addressed
by NFPA 13
Sloped Ceilings
Shelf Storage over 15 (4.57 m)
Rack Storage of Exposed Expanded Plastics
Rack Storage of Plastics with Control Mode Density/Area
Sprinklers with Clearance greater than 10
Open top five sided combustible containers
Methods Of Storage
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g
Storage can be broken up in (4) categories:
Idle Pallet Storage
Storage 3,7 metres in height and less miscellaneous storage
Storage greater than 3,7 metres in height high piled storage
Special Storage Designs prescriptive designs for non-commodity
based storage
Warehouse Storage
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1. Determine if miscellaneous storage or high piled storage
Determine Occupancy hazard if miscellaneous or Classification of commodity if high piled
storage.
Apply the applicable standards of NFPA 13 requirements for this occupancy or commodity.
Building height
Storage height
Will the commodity be stored on racks.After these questions are answered a sprinkler head can be selected to meet the required
protection.
Standard spray standard response sprinklers
ELO Sprinkler heads, High Challenge Large Drop ,Early Suppression Fast
Response (ESFR)
NFPA 13 Chapter 12 covers storage protection by class of commodity, type of sprinkler,
building height, storage height. The charts in chapter 12 provide water supply requirements for
different storage occupancies.
Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less
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(Miscellaneous Storage)
Storage limited in height to 3,7 metres generally is storage used for the production of
goods or is considered miscellaneous storage. This would indicate that the facility is
not primarily a storage warehouse. This storage is covered by the occupancy classes
in NFPA 13.
3,7 m or less
Rack Storage Palletized Storage
Warehouse Storage
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1. Determine if miscellaneous storage or high piled storage
2. Determine Occupancy hazard if miscellaneous Classification of commodity
if high piled storage.
Apply the applicable standards of NFPA 13 requirements for this occupancy or commodity.Building height
Storage height
Will the commodity be stored on racks.
After these questions are answered a sprinkler head can be selected to meet the required
protection.
Standard spray standard response sprinklers
ELO Sprinkler heads, High Challenge Large Drop ,Early Suppression Fast
Response (ESFR)
NFPA 13 Chapter 12 covers storage protection by class of commodity, type of sprinkler, building
height, storage height. The charts in chapter 12 provide water supply requirements for different
storage occupancies.
Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less
(Mi ll St )
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(Miscellaneous Storage)
Class l and ll Commodities - Curves 2 and 3
Class lll Commodities Curve 3
Class lV Commodities Curve 3 and 4
Group A Plastics Curves 3, 4, and 5Miscellaneous Tire Storage Curves 3, 4, and 5
Table 12.1.10.1.1
from the 2002 Edition
of NFPA 13. Storage
heights and storage
method dictate which
curve to utilize
Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less
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(Miscellaneous Storage)
Curve 1 Light Hazard Occupancy
Curve 2 Ordinary Hazard Group 1
Curve 3 Ordinary Hazard Group 2
Curve 4 Extra Hazard Group 1
Curve 5 Extra Hazard Group 2
Warehouse Storage
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1. Determine if miscellaneous storage or high piled storage
2. Determine Occupancy hazard if miscellaneous
3. Classification of commodity if high piled storage.
Apply the applicable standards of NFPA 13 requirements for this
occupancy or commodity.
Building height
Storage height
Will the commodity be stored on racks.After these questions are answered a sprinkler head can be selected to meet the required protection.
Standard spray standard response sprinklers
ELO Sprinkler heads, High Challenge Large Drop ,Early Suppression Fast Response
(ESFR)
NFPA 13 Chapter 12 covers storage protection by class of commodity, type of sprinkler, building
height, storage height. The charts in chapter 12 provide water supply requirements for different
storage occupancies.
Storage Greater than 3,7 Metres in Height
(High Piled Storage)
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(High Piled Storage)
Protection approaches for High Piled Storage are based on a facility thats primary use is
for storage. High Piled storage can be divided by its storage method as well as the
product types being stored. Bulk or Palletized Storage, and Rack Storage are storage
methods. Commodities Classes l through IV, Group A Plastics, Rubber Tires, and
Rolled Paper Storage are Storage product types.
Commodity Classification
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Commodity Classification
How will the product burn
How will the burning product respond to the application
of sprinkler discharge
Plastic CupPaper Cup
Styrofoam Cup
CLASS I Commodity
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Test Commodity
Metal-lined cardboard cartons on wood pallets
Examples:
Alcoholic Beverages Cartoned or
uncartoned
Up to 20 percent alcohol in metal,
glass, or ceramic containers
Canned Foods In ordinary cartons
Frozen Foods Non-waxed, non-plastic
packaging
Plastic Containers
Noncombustible liquids or semi
liquids in plastic containers less than
5 gal (18.9 L) capacity
CLASS II Commodity
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Examples:
Alcoholic Beverages
Up to 20 percent alcohol in wood
containers
Frozen Foods Waxed-paper containers,
cartoned
Plastic Containers
Noncombustible liquids or
semiliquids (such as ketchup) in
plastic containers with nominal wall
thickness of 14 in. (6.4 mm) or less
and larger than 5 gal (18.9 L)
capacity
Test Commodity
Metal-lined double tri-wall corrugated
carton on a wood pallet
CLASS III Commodity
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Test Commodity
Paper cups in compartmented cardboard
cartons on wood pallets
Examples:
Aerosols Cartoned or uncartoned - Level 1
Frozen Foods - Plastic trays
Paper Products
Books, magazines, stationery, plastic-
coated paper food containers,
newspapers, cardboard games, cartoned
tissue products
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
Flexible (e.g., cable jackets, plasticized
sheets)
Rigid (e.g., pipe, pipe fittings)
Bagged resins
CLASS IV Commodity
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Test Commodity
A mixture of paper and plastic cups
(5 - 15 % by weight & 5 - 25 % by volume) on
wood pallets.
Examples:
Liquor -100 proof or less, 1 gal (3.8 L) or
less, cartoned
Glass (palletized)
Plastic bottles
Diapers
Disposable with plastics and non-
woven fabric (in cartons)
Paints - Friction-top cans, cartoned
Oil based
Plastics
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Plastic Types
Group A - most severe hazard
Group B - similar to Class IV commodities
Group C - similar to Class III commodities
Plastic materials
Cartoned vs. Uncartoned (Exposed)
Expanded vs. Unexpanded
Unexpanded Group A Plastics
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Test Commodity
16-oz Polystyrene Plastic Jars in compartmented cardboard cartons
Expanded Group A Plastics
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Test Commodity
Expanded Polystyrene Trays Exposed
Storing Materials on Plastic Pallets
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One class upgrade for un-reinforced
plastic pallets
Class II -> Class III
Class IV -> Group A Plastics
Two class upgrade for reinforced plastic
pallets
Class II -> Class IV
Class IV -> Group A Plastics
Plastic Pallet Types
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Un-reinforced plastic pallets
Melt fairly easily in a fire and are less of a fire challenge
Material
Polypropylene
high-density polyethylene
Reinforced plastic pallets
Hold their structure and integrity longer allowing air gaps
to remain longer within the pallet, which fuels the flames
and creates a more intense fire
Material
Polypropylene
high-density polyethylene
Classification by Listing
Encapsulation
Plastic sheet completely enclosing
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Plastic sheet completely enclosing
the sides and top of a pallet load
containing a combustible
commodity
Combustible commodities
individually wrapped in plastic
sheeting and stored exposed in a
pallet load
Where there are holes or voids inthe plastic on the top of the carton
that exceed more than half of the
area of the cover, the term
encapsulateddoes not apply
Mixed Commodities
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Mixed commodity storage protected using highest
classified commodity & storage arrangement.
The protection requirements for the lower commodity
may be used when:
No more than 10 pallet loads of a higher hazard
commodity in area > 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2) &
Higher hazard commodity is randomly dispersed
with no adjacent loads in any direction (including
diagonally) &
Where the ceiling protection is based on Class I -
II commodities, the allowable number of pallet
loads for Class IV or Group A plastics is reduced
to five.
Other Types of Commodities
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Baled Cotton
Rubber Tire
Idle Pallet
Rolled Paper
Aisles
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The clear space normally maintained between commodities
stored in racks or on the floor for the transfer of commodities
to or from the rack or storage pile.
Flue Spaces The open spaces between rows of storage.
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Rack Storage
Longitudinal flue spaces are perpendicular to the direction of loading
Transverse flue spaces are parallel to the direction of loading
Solid-piled & palletized storage
Vertical flue spaces may run in either direction
Array
Closed Array A storage
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Closed Array. A storage
arrangement where air movement
through the pile is restricted
because of 6-in. (152-mm) or less
vertical flues.
Open Array. A storage
arrangement where air movement
through the pile is enhanced
because of vertical flues larger
than 6 in. (152 mm).
Pile Stability
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Unstable Piles : Arrays wherecollapse, spillage of contents, or
leaning of stacks across flue
spaces occurs soon after initial fire
development.
Stable Piles : Arrays wherecollapse, spillage of content, or
leaning of stacks across flue spaces
is not likely to occur soon after
initial fire development.
Storage Arrangements
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Miscellaneous Storage
Idle Pallet Storage
Solid Pile Storage
Palletized Pile Storage
Rack Storage
Miscellaneous Storage
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Storage must be incidental
to another occupancy use
group.
Idle Pallet Storage
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Wood Pallets Plastic Pallets
Solid-Pile, Palletized, Bin Box & Shelf Storage
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Palletized StorageSolid Pile Storage
Solid-Pile, Palletized, Bin Box & Shelf Storage
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Shelf Storage. Storage on
structures less than 30 (76.2
cm) deep with shelves usually 2
(0.6 m) apart vertically and
separated by approximately 30
(76.2-cm) aisles.
Shelf Storage
Rack Storage - Single-Row Rack
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Racks that have no
longitudinal flue space and
that have a width up to 6 ft(1.8 m) with aisles at least
3.5 ft (1.1 m) from other
storage.
Rack Storage - Double-Row Rack
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Two single-row racks placed back-to-back having a
combined width up to 12 ft (3.7 m), with aisles at least
3.5 ft (1.1 m) on each side.
Rack Storage - Multiple-Row Rack
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Racks greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) wide or single- or
double-row racks separated by aisles less than 3.5 ft
(1.1 m) wide having an overall width greater than 12
ft (3.7 m).
Movable Racks & Portable Racks
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Movable Rack Portable Rack Portable Rack
Solid Shelving Fixed in place, slatted, wire mesh or other type of shelves located within racks.
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The area of a solid shelf is defined by perimeter aisle or flue space on all four sides.
Solid shelves having an area equal to or less than 20 sq. ft. are open racks.
Shelves of wire mesh, slates, or other materials more than 50 % open, where the flue
spaces are maintained are open racks.
Idle Pallet Storage
Pallets not being used and are stored 2 metres high and either stored
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on the floor or in racks are idle pallets. The most prevalent type of
pallet is a standard wood pallet and a reinforced plastic pallet.
Standard Wood Pallets Reinforced Plastic Pallets
Idle Pallet Storage
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It is encouraged to store idle pallets outdoors. If the pallets must be
stored indoors, their storage is limited in height and pile size.
Pallet piles should only be in groups of 4 pallets and the groups of
pallets should not be stored closer than 1.4 metres to each other.
Where idle pallets are stored near commodity storage, the idlepallets should not be stored closer than 7,6 metre to the
commodity.
Pallets are designed to burn, as there are small members that make up
the pallet that ignite easily. The openings in the pallets allow great
air movement and draw the fire up the pile.
Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less
(Miscellaneour Storage)
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Storage limited in height to 3,7 metres generally is storage used for the
production of goods or is considered miscellaneous storage. This would
indicate that the facility is not primarily a storage warehouse. This storage
is covered by the occupancy classes in NFPA 13.
3,7 m or less
Rack Storage Palletized Storage
Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less
(Mi ll St )
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(Miscellaneous Storage)
Class l and ll Commodities - Curves 2 and 3
Class lll Commodities Curve 3
Class lV Commodities Curve 3 and 4
Group A Plastics Curves 3, 4, and 5
Miscellaneous Tire Storage Curves 3, 4, and 5
Table 12.1.10.1.1 from the
2002 Edition of NFPA 13.
Storage heights and storage
method dictate whichcurve to utilize
Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less
(Mi ll St )
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(Miscellaneous Storage)
Curve 1 Light Hazard Occupancy
Curve 2 Ordinary Hazard Group 1
Curve 3 Ordinary Hazard Group 2
Curve 4 Extra Hazard Group 1Curve 5 Extra Hazard Group 2
Upright and pendent spray sprinklers shall be permitted in all occupancy hazard classifications and
building construction types
Classification of Occupancies
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building construction types.
5.1* Classification of Occupancies.
5.1.1 Occupancy classifications for this standard shall relate to sprinkler design, installation, and water
supply requirements only.5.1.2 Occupancy classifications shall not be intended to be a general classification of occupancy hazards.
5.2* Light Hazard Occupancies.
Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the
quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are
expected.
Examples : Churches, Clubs, Hospitals, Museums, Offices, Restaurant Seating Areas
5.3.1* Ordinary Hazard (Group 1).
Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies
where combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not
exceed 2.4 m, and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected.Examples :Restaurant Service Areas, Bakeries, Automobile Parking and Showrooms, Laundrie
5.3.2* Ordinary Hazard (Group 2). Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies
or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to high
Classification of Occupancies - Continued
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or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to high,stockpiles do not exceed 3.7 m, and fires with moderate to high rates of heat release are expected.
Examples : Dry Cleaners, Horse Stables, Machine Shops, Library, Stack Rooms, Mercantile,
Confectionary Products
5.4.1* Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or
portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are very high and dust,
lint, or other materials are present, introducing the probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates
of heat release but with little or no combustible or flammable liquids.
Examples : Combustible Hydraulic Fluid Use Areas, Metal Extruding, Saw Mills, Upholstering
with Plastic Foams, Rubber Reclaiming
5.4.2* Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies orportions of other occupancies with moderate to substantial amounts of flammable or combustible liquids
or occupancies where shielding of combustibles is extensive.
Examples: Flammable Liquids Spraying, Open Oil Quenching, Plastics Processing, Solvent
Cleaning, Varnish and Paint Dipping
Storage Grater than 3,7 Metres in Height
(High Piled Storage)
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(High Piled Storage)
Protection approaches for High Piled Storage are based on a facility thats primary
use is for storage. High Piled storage can be divided by its storage method aswell as the product types being stored. Bulk or Palletized Storage, and Rack
Storage are storage methods. Commodities Classes l through IV, Group A
Plastics, Rubber Tires, and Rolled Paper Storage are Storage product types.
Class I
5 6 3 1* A Class I commodity shall be defined as a noncombustible product that meets one of
Classification of Commodities
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5.6.3.1 A Class I commodity shall be defined as a noncombustible product that meets one of
the following criteria:
(1) Placed directly on wooden pallets
(2) Placed in single-layer corrugated cartons, with or without single-thickness cardboard
dividers, with or without pallets
(3) Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load with or without pallets
Examples :Bagged Cement, Metal File Cabinets, Wire, Appliances
Class ll
5.6.3.2* Class II. A Class II commodity shall be defined as a noncombustible product that is
in slatted wooden crates, solid wood boxes, multiple-layered corrugated cartons, or
equivalent combustible packaging material, with or without pallets.
Examples : Boxes, Baled Leather Hides, Pharmaceauticals, Cartoned Light Fixtures(non-plastic)
Classification of Commodities (Continued)
Class lll
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Class lll
5.6.3.3.1 A Class III commodity shall be defined as a product fashioned from wood, paper,
natural fibers, or Group C plastics with or without cartons, boxes, or crates and with or
without pallets.
5.6.3.3.2 A Class III commodity shall be permitted to contain a limited amount (5 percent by
weight or volume or less) of Group A or Group B plastics.
Examples : Wood Furniture, Natural Fiber Cloth, Diapers, Packaged Cartoned
Dried Foods
Classification of Commodities (Continued)
Class IV
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Class IV
5.6.3.4.1 A Class IV commodity shall be defined as a product, with or without pallets, that meets one of the
following criteria:
(1) Constructed partially or totally of Group B plastics(2) Consists of free-flowing Group A plastic materials
(3) Contains within itself or its packaging an appreciable amount (5 percent to 15 percent by weight or 5
percent to 25 percent by volume) of Group A plastics
5.6.3.4.2 The remaining materials shall be permitted to be metal, wood, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, or
Group B or Group C plastics.
EXAMPLES:Blocks of Natural Rubberin cartons, Vinyl Floor Covering, Nail Polish- 30 to 60 ml,
Lightweight Rolled Paper in racks
5.6.4* Classification of Plastics,
Elastomers, and Rubber. Plastics, elastomers, and rubber shall be classified as Group A, Group B, or
Group C.
5.6.4.1* Group A. The following materials shall be classified as Group A:
(1) ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer)
(2) Acetal (polyformaldehyde)
Classification of Commodities (Continued) - Plastic
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p y y
(3) Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate)
(4) Butyl rubber
(5) EPDM (ethylene-propylene rubber)
(6) FRP (fiberglass-reinforced polyester)
(7) Natural rubber (if expanded)
(8) Nitrile-rubber (acrylonitrile-butadiene-rubber)
(9) PET (thermoplastic polyester)
(10) Polybutadiene
(11) Polycarbonate
(12) Polyester elastomer
(13) Polyethylene
(14) Polypropylene
(15) Polystyrene
(16) Polyurethane
(17) PVC (polyvinyl chloride highly plasticized, with plasticizer content greater than 20 percent) (rarely found)
(18) SAN (styrene acrylonitrile)
(19) SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber)
Classification of Commodities (Continued) - Plastic
5.6.4.2 Group B. The following materials shall be classified as Group B:
(1) Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose)
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(2) Chloroprene rubber
(3) Fluoroplastics (ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoro-ethylene copolymer; ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-
copolymer; FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer)
(4) Natural rubber (not expanded)
(5) Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6/6)
(6) Silicone rubber
5.6.4.3 Group C. The following materials shall be classified as Group C:
(1) Fluoroplastics (PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene)
(2) Melamine (melamine formaldehyde)
(3) Phenolic
(4) PVC (polyvinyl chloride flexible PVCs with plasticizer content up to 20 percent)
(5) PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)
(6) PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
(7) PVF (polyvinyl fluoride)
(8) Urea (urea formaldehyde)
Classification of Commodities (Continued)
5.6.5* Classification of Rolled Paper Storage. For the purposes of this standard, the classifications of paper
d ib d i 5 6 5 1 th h 5 6 5 4 h ll l d h ll b d t d t i th i kl t d i
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described in 5.6.5.1 through 5.6.5.4 shall apply and shall be used to determine the sprinkler system design
criteria.
5.6.5.1 Heavyweight Class. Heavyweight class shall be defined so as to include paperboard and paper stock
having a basis weight per 92.9 m of 9.1 kg.
5.6.5.2 Mediumweight Class. Mediumweight class shall be defined so as to include all the broad range of
papers having a basis weight per 92.9 m of 4.5 kg to 9.1 kg.
5.6.5.3 Lightweight Class. Lightweight class shall be defined so as to include all papers having a basis weight
per 92.9 m of 4.5 kg.
5.6.5.4 Tissue.
5.6.5.4.1 Tissue shall be defined so as to include the broad range of papers of characteristic gauzy texture,which, in some cases, are fairly transparent.
5.6.5.4.2 For the purposes of this standard, tissue shall be defined as the soft, absorbent type, regardless of
basis weight specifically, crepe wadding and the sanitary class including facial tissue, paper napkins,
bathroom tissue, and toweling.
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In-Rack Sprinklers
(also known as intermediate level sprinklers)
In-Rack Sprinklers
Generally, when storage exceeds 25-0 in racks and control mode
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sprinklers are utilized, levels of in-rack sprinklers are within the rack
structure.
In-rack sprinklers require water shields to protect their operating
elements from the ceiling sprinklers. Water shields are required to be
a minimum of 3 in diameter.
In-rack sprinklers are intermediate level sprinklers, as there is at
least one level of sprinklers above them.
In-Rack Sprinkler
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In Rack Sprinkler
With Water Shield
Control Mode
Sprinklers
In-Rack Sprinklers
In-rack sprinklers are typically have k factors of 5.6 and 8.0, but in
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p yp y ,some cases are as large as 11.2.
In-rack sprinklers are usually located in the longitudinal flue space
of the rack, but can be located at the face of the rack loading
entrance and can be located within the storage space within the rack.
Rack structures with solid barriers require levels of in-rack
sprinklers above the storage where the solid barriers exist.
Storage Suppression Sprinkler
(Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR))
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ESFR Sprinklers
ESFR Sprinklers were developed by Factory Mutual in the early 1980s.
ESFR i kl i i kl i th t f i kl
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ESFR sprinklers are suppression sprinklers meaning these type of sprinklers
are designed not to control a fire, but to suppress the fire.
ESFR sprinklers in standard commodity storage, such as Class l, Class ll,
Class lll, Class lV, commodities and plastic commodities, can eliminate in-rack
sprinklers. ESFR sprinklers are limited to wet type sprinkler systems andmust be installed in buildings that have flat ceilings or roofs. Flat ceilings are
defined as roof pitches no greater than 2 inches in 12 inches.
In-Rack Sprinkler
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pWith Water Shield
Control Mode
Sprinklers
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ESFR SprinklersEliminate In-Rack
Sprinklers in most
Cases
Control Mode Specific Application
Sprinkler (Large Drop Sprinkler)
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Sprinkler (Large Drop Sprinkler)
Control Mode specific application sprinklers are also known asLarge Drop Sprinklers. Large Drop sprinklers were the first
special storage sprinklers. Large Drop sprinkler design is notarea/density, but rather a prescriptive design of a number of
sprinklers designed to operate at a minimum water pressure.
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