时 态 tense. i do it. 一般 simple 完成 perfective 进行 progressive 完成进行 perfective...

时 态时 态TenseTense时 态时 态TenseTense

I do it.

一般 simple

完成Perfective

进行progressiv

e

完成进行Perfective progressive

现在present

过去past将来

future过去将

来Past fut

ure

I do it.

I did it.

I will do it.

I would do it.

I have done it.

I had done it.I will have done it.

I would have done it.

I am doing it.

I was doing it.I will be doing it.I would be doing it.

I have been doing it.

I had been doing it.

I will have been doing it.I would have been doing it.

• I do it.• I did it.• I will/shall do it./ I am going to

do it.• I would do it.• I have done it.• I had done it.• I will have done it.• I would have done it.

• I am doing it.• I was doing it.• I will/ shall be doing it.• I would be doing it.• I have been doing it.• I had been doing it.• I will have been doing it.• I would have been doing it.

一般现在时Simple Present Tense

• 真理：• Light moves faster than sound.• 剧情介绍或解说：• In the story, the heroine is the young

and beautiful heiress to an immense fortune, but she has a lot of enemies.

一般过去时Simple Past Tense

• 过去习惯：• She often came to help us.• 谈到已故的人：• My grandmother was kind to us.• 叙述过去的故事

一般将来时Simple Future Tense

• shall, will, be going to do• be to do, be about to do • be doing (coming, leaving…)• When is the factory to go into

production?• I’m taking the children to the

zoo this coming Sunday.

一般过去将来时Simple Past Future Tense• He was 68. In two years he would b

e 70.• 过去习惯性动作：• Whenever he had time, he would he

lp them in their work.

现在完成时Present Perfective Tense

• Already, yet, just, ever, never, since, up till now, so far, by the time of …

• Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years.

• Grain output increased quickly in 2006.

现在完成时 vs 一般过去时

• We haven’t invited him.• We didn’t invite him.

• Xiao Yang has lost her watch.• Xiao Yang lost her watch.

过去完成时Past Perfective Tense

• “ 过去的过去”• By the end of the last June they had

treated 30 000 patients.• The play had already started when

we got to the theatre.• 注意时间的连续性

将来完成时Future Perfective Tense• 将来某时会已经发生的事情• By this time next year we’ll have t

urned all the land into rice fields.• When we get there they’ll probabl

y have left.

现在进行时Present Progressive Tense• 最近按计划要进行的动作：• We are leaving on Friday.• I’m seeing the doctor today.• 表感情：• He is always thinking of his work.• He is constantly leaving his things a

bout.

过去进行时Past Progressive Tense

• 故事发生时的背景：• She was sitting at the window. Sud

denly she heard someone calling her…

• I asked him whether he was coming back for supper.

• He was forever complaining about something.

将来进行时Future Progressive Tense• What will you be doing tomorrow e

vening?• 表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作：• When shall we be meeting again?

过去将来进行时Past Future Progressive Tense

• I thought you would be sleeping.• we wondered if he would be joining

us.• 注意时态呼应。

现在完成进行时Present Perfective Progressive Tense• I’ve been sitting here all

afternoon.• C.f. I’ve been writing an

article.• I’ve written an article.

过去完成进行时Past Perfective Progressive Tense

• It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.

• At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.

Practice• Jack ____from home for two

days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.

A) has been missing B) has been missed

C) had been missing D) was missed

• How can I ever concentrate if you ___ continually ___ me with silly questions?

• A) have, interrupted• B) had, interrupted• C) are, interrupting• D) were, interrupting

• The student said there were a few points in the essay he ___ impossible to comprehend.

• A) has found B) was finding

• C) had found D) would find

• James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.

• A) will come B) was coming

• C) had been coming D) came

• _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.

• A) I was and always will be B) I have to be and always will be

• C) I had been and always will be D) I have been and always will be

• For some time now, world leaders___ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.

• A) had been pointing • B) have been pointing• C) were pointing • D) pointed

• Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he ____ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.

• A) has worked • B) works• C) has been working • D) is working

• Come and see me whenever ____.

• A) you are convenient• B) you will be convenient• C) it is convenient to you • D) it will be convenient to you

• “Would you send this message to Prof. Wilson?”

• “Sure, ____him about something else in any case, so there won’t be any bother at all.”

• A) I’ll see B) I see C) I’ll be seeing D) I may see

• Linda was _____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.

• A) to start • B) to have started• C) to be starting • D) to have been starting

• The committee has anticipated problems that ____ in the road construction project.

• A) arise B) will arise• C) arose D) have arisen

• In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.

• A) would make B) had made

• C) made D) makes

• The house _____ ready today but there has been a builders’ strike, so it is still only half finished.

• A) was to be • B) was to have been• C) were to be • D) should be

• That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it’s high time we ____ strong actions against him.

• A) betrayed…take• B) had betrayed…took• C) has betrayed…took• D) has betrayed…take

语 态语 态VoiceVoice语 态语 态VoiceVoice

主动语态变被动语态Active Voice changed to Passive Voice• I do it.• I did it.• I will do it./ I am going to do it.• I would do it.• I have done it.• I had done it.• I will have done it.• I would have done it.

被动语态Passive Voice

• It is done.• It was done.• It is going to be done./ It will be

done.• It would be done.• It has been done.• It had been done.• It will have been done.• It would have been done.

主动语态Active Voice

• I am doing it.• I was doing it.• I will/ shall be doing it.• I would be doing it.• I have been doing it.• I had been doing it.• I will have been doing it.• I would have been doing it.

• It is being done.• It was being done.

• This issue is being questioned at the meeting.

• The children were being taken care of by their aunt at that time.

Practice

• This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ___ comfortably.

• A) is worn B) wears• C) wearing D) are worn

• 含被动意义的主动语态。• The flowers smell sweet.• The silk feels soft.• The story proved quite false.• The door won’t shut.• The cloth washes well.• The poem reads smoothly.• The material has worn thin.

• I suppose that when I come back in ten years’ time all these old houses ____ down.

• A) will have been pulled• B) will have pulled• C) will be pulling• D) will be pulled

• The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____ and perfected now.

• A) developed • B) have developed• C) are being developed• D) will have been developed

• Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ____ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

• A) care to challenge• B) may be challenged• C) have been challenged• D) are challenging

• I found that my cheating in last Monday’s English test ___ to my parents that very evening.

• A) was being reported• B) had reported• C) had been reported• D) was reported