中兴通讯技术 ztetechnologyjournal - zte.com.cn€¦ ·...
Post on 15-Apr-2018
266 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
D:\MAG\2010-06-91/VOL16\COVER.VFT1PPS/P
|
|
ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN
201184www.zte.com.cn/magazine
ZTE
TECHNOLOGY
J OURNAL
O
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNALZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
1
-
D:\MAG\2011-04-97/VOL17\COVER23.VFT1PPS/P
20111 PCT
LTE
2011 7 4
LTE ZXSDR BS8920
LTE
30%
30% LTE
TCO
LTE
LTE
BS8920 LTE
eNodeBRRU
LTE
LTE
LTE
LTE
2011 4 18 LTE
70
(WIPO)
2011 1
974 (PCT)
559 2011
1 PCT 5
2010 1 863
2011 1 2010
2011 PCT
2011
10%
4 200
2010
1.1
3.5
7 000
LTE
2010 107
LTE7%
2
-
D:\MAG\2011-04-97/VOL17\COVER23.VFT1PPS/P
CDMA/LTE4T4R
2011 6 17 Frost
& Sullivan IPTV
2011 2011 IPTV
IPTV
3 IPTV
Frost &
Sullivan ICT Jayesh Easwaramony
IPTV Frost & Sullivan
11% IPTV
IPTV
TCO
IPTV
OTT
IPTV
5 000 000
9 000 000 33
IPTV
IPTV IPTV
4
2011 6 16
CDMA/LTE 4T4R4 4
(MIMO) 22 44
MIMO
SDR CDMA 2000 1XEV-DO
LTE CDMA LTE
CDMA<E
CDMA LTE
CDMA-LTE
CDMA-LTE
Uni-RAN CDMA LTE
CDMA<E
18
LTE70CDMA
5 2011 1
CDMA 31 32.5%
CDMA
Frost & Sullivan 2011IPTV
3
-
D:\MAG\2011-06-98/VOL17\EDITOR.VFT1PPS/P
| | |
1998
20062020
2010
20105
863
(1)
(NGB)
(2)
(3) 100 Mbit/s
(4)
(5)
863
201116
1
P
3
4
5
6
2
4
-
D:\MAG\2011-06-98/VOL16\CONTENT.VFT1PPS/P
ZHONGXINGTONGXUNJISHU
1995 9920118 174
Paul Sleswick
450
230041
www.zte.com.cn/magazine
www.zte.com.cn/paper
magazinezte.com.cn
(0551)5533356
(0551)5850139
2011810
0058
10.0060.00
ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN
CN 34-1228/TN1995b1664zhP10.0015000142011-08
:
01
04
07
10
14
19
23
29
33
37
43 LTE-AdvancedQoS
48 Wi-Fi
52 1588v2
58 (1)
ZXR1O T8000 100G (57) (62)
|
|
ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN
201184www.zte.com.cn/magazine
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNALZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
5
-
D:\MAG\2011-06-98/VOL16\CONTENT.VFT1PPS/P
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.17 No.4 Aug. 2011
(
Contents
Operational Application
Lecture Series
Expert View
Development Field
Special Topic: Technology and Business of Tri-Network Convergence
Research Paper
01 Development Course and Targets for Tri-Network Convergence WU Jiangxing
04 Development of Telecommunication Technology and Networksin Tri-Network Convergence ZHAO Huiling, HAN Suchuan, HUO Xiaoli
07 Trialing and Industrializing Tri-Network Convergence Usinga Large-Scale National Testbed LU Xiaoyuan, LI Yi
10 Development of Optical Transport Network Technologyfor Tri-Network Convergence ZHANG Haiyi, JIN Yaohui, ZHANG Jie
14 Next-Generation Broadcast Network Wireless Systems FENG Songlin, XIE Wei
19 Integration and Broadcasting Platform and Technologiesin Tri-Network Convergence ZHANG Shile, LU Wei, LU Baofeng
23 Common Security and Control Frameworkin Tri-Network Convergence LI Yufeng, LAN Julong, XUE Xiangyang
29 Cooperative Wireless Technologies in Tri-Network Convergence XU Ling, FANG Huiying
33 Business Models and Future Development Strategyof Tri-Network Convergence ZHOU Qi
37 Distributed Cache of Cloud Computing Technology and Its Applicationin the Internet of Things GAO Hong, DONG Zhenjiang
43 Study of the Mapping of QoS Parameters in LTE-A Systems KONG Xiangyi, ZHAO Jihong
48 A New Option for Broadband Wireless Network: Wi-Fi Offload WEI Yuan
52 Standardization of 1588v2 for Applicationin Telecommunication Networks SU Fei, HE Li, LI Zhengqi
58 OFDM Technology and its Applicationin Optical Fiber Communication (1) CHEN Zhangyuan, LI Juhao, YANG Chuanchuan
6
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F2.VFT4PPS/P
Development Course and Targets for Tri-Network ConvergenceDevelopment Course and Targets for Tri-Network Convergence
/WU Jiangxing(
450002)(National Digital Switching System Engineering& Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou
450002, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0001-03
This paper analyzes the significance of tri-network convergence in China
and discusses some development trends, features, and goals of tri-network
convergence. This paper suggests that tri-network convergence is not just a simple
convergence of telecommunications networks, cable TV, and the Internetits ultimate
goal is to meet increasing service requirements. With the support of a new service
module, network resources can be integrated into a converged network, coverage can
be improved, power consumption can be significantly reduced; and fast, convenient,
and green broadband information services can be provided. This greatly improves the
overall level of the information industry.
tri-network convergence; next generation network; network
transformation
Keywords:
Abstract:
1
21 2007
20 50
01Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
7
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F2.VFT4PPS/P
1961
5
(/)
2
2.1
IT
--
-
[1]
2.2
20 90
1997 4
(20062020 )
2010 1 13
2012 2015
2.3
(3TNet)
4
/
3TNet
()
3TNet
(ACR)
3TNet 2008 12
3TNet
3 863
02 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
8
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F2.VFT4PPS/P
2.4
(ICT)
(ITU)
[2] 22%
50%
1993 NII (
)
1996
2010
3
[3]
1994
CATV
2002
2008
(FP7)
ICT
2001 1 13 IT
2009 7
i-Japan 2015[4]
3
10
(1)
2015
(2)
(20102012 )
18
03Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
9
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F1.VFT3PPS/P
Development of Telecommunication Technology and NetworksDevelopment of Telecommunication Technology and Networks
in Tri-Network Convergencein Tri-Network Convergence
/ZHAO Huiling/HAN Suchuan
/HUO Xiaoli(
100035)(China Telecom Corporation Limited BeijingResearch Institute, Beijing 100035, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0004-03
Wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) systems based on IEEE
802.11.p will be the infrastructure for intelligent transportation system applications that
improve transport safety, efficiency, and convenience. This paper discusses the
background, technical challenges, and broader impacts of WAVE systems and reports
on recent activities at the Center for Vehicular Communications and Networks at the
University of Michigan-Dearborn. These activities include research into a WAVE
prototype based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and research into a vehicular
network simulator.
tri-network convergence; telecommunication network; service network;
network architecture
Keywords:
Abstract:
04 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
2010 1 13
[1-4]
1
1.1
(1)
(EPON)
(GPON)
10G
EPON10G GPON
10G EPON
10G
GPON
PON
(FTTH)
FTTH
10
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F1.VFT3PPS/P
05Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(PON)(VDSL)
LTE
Wi-Fi3GLTE
CDMA Wi-Fi
C+W LTE Wi-Fi
(2)
40G
100G
IEEE
2010 6 18
40GE 100GE IEEE
802.3ba-2010
100GE
ITU-T
SG15 100GE (OTN)
100G OTN
(OIF) 100G
(WDM)
80
100G WDM
100G
IP
1.2
FTTH
FTTX
IP
(1)
(QoS)
(QoE)
QoE
QoS
QoE
/ QoS
(Diffserv+)
QoS
QoS
QoS
QoS
QoS
IP
(QoS
)
(2)
11
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F1.VFT3PPS/P
P2P
IP DPI
NETStream
PPPOEAAA
DPI
(BRAS)
(SR)
P2P
2
2.1
IPTV
P2P
(1)
(CDN)
(2)CDNP2P
/ CDN
CDN
(3)
SVC
2.2
(1)
/
Flash
(2)
(3)
(
)
GPU
3
4
06 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
1001212147
ASON WDMOTN101
[1] 100G ultra long haul DWDM frameworkdocument [R]. OIF(Optical InternetworkingForum), 2009.
[2] Rich Communication Suite (RCS), Release 2Functional Description v1.1 [S]. GSMAssociation, 2010.
[3] Rich Communication Suite (RCS), Release 2Technical Realization v0.5 [S]. GSMAssociation, 2009.
[4] IEEE std 802.3av-2009. Physical layerspecifications, Amendment 1: Physical layerspecifications and management parametersfor 10Gb/s passive optical networks [S]. 2009.
2011-04-25
12
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F5.VFT4PPS/P
Trialing and Industrializing TriTrialing and Industrializing Tri-Network Convergence Using a-Network Convergence Using aLarge-ScaleLarge-Scale National TestbedNational Testbed
/LU Xiaoyuan/LI Yi
( 200336)
(National Engineering Research Center forBroadband Networks & Applications, Shanghai
200336, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0007-03
20 100
The Next Generation Network and National Service Testbed is a typical
network innovation platform in China. It is the worlds largest network and service
testbed. At the end of the Eleventh Five-Year program, this national testbed now
covers one million users in 20 cities across China. It can be used to reform the
networks of institutions, test new networking technologies, verify new network
equipment, and demonstrate emerging services. It also acts as a long-term trial
platform on a national scale, providing services to content providers, network
operators, equipment providers, and other broadband network industries. The platform
leads Chinas broadband network industry. This article briefly addresses the function
and structure of the testbed as well as issues in trialing and industrializing tri-network
convergence.
national testbed; tri-network convergence; scale trial; industrialization
Keywords:
Abstract:
1
IP
[1]
GENI FIRE
JGNI[2-3]
(3TNet)
863
(SNG
Testbed) 3
1
(NGB)
1.1
IP[4]
5
()
1.2
(863)(2009AA01A333)
07Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
13
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F5.VFT4PPS/P
10
30 Mbit/s
1.3 NGB
3TNet
3TNet
NGB
NGB
100
19
2
2.1
(NGI)
IP
Clean Slate
863
NGI
IP 3
3
2.2
863
(3TNet)
IP
(FTTH)
(1) IP
3Tnet
2 3 2006 11 18
8 000
2
3T
38 000
NBA
3TNet
IPTV
1
08 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
14
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F5.VFT4PPS/P
IP
IPTV
(2)FTTH
1 500
FTTH
FTTH
3TNet FTTH
3 IP
2.3
3TNet
(1) 3TNet
(2) 3Tnet
IP
(3)
4E
2008
3TNet
(NGB)
50
50NGB
450
10 1.6
NGB
3
4
23TNet
38 0003TNet
15:20:1615:17:1615:14:1615:11:1615:08:1615:05:16
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
09:56:2109:53:2109:50:2109:47:2109:44:2109:41:21
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
4311 1 2
La Trobe 105
[1] PETERSON L, ANDERSON T, BLUMENTHALD, et al. GENI design principles [J].Computer, 2006,39(9):102-105.
[2] CHERRY S. A telecom diet rich in fiber [J].IEEE Spectrum, 2009,46(7):56.
[3] FELDMANN A. Internet clean-slate design:What and why? [J]. ACM SIGCOMMComputer Communication Review, 2007,37(3):59-64.
[4] KOBAYASHI K, KATSUNO S, NAKAMURA K,et al. JGN IPv6 network [C]//Proceedings ofthe International Symposium on Applicationsand the Internet Workshops(SAINT03),Jan27-31,2003, Orlando, FL, USA. LosAlamitos, CA,USA: IEEE Computer Society,2003: 161-166.
2011-05-04
09Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
15
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F4.VFT4PPS/P
Development of Optical Transport Network Technology for Tri-Network ConvergenceDevelopment of Optical Transport Network Technology for Tri-Network Convergence
/ZHANG Haiyi 1
/JIN Yaohui 2
/ZHANG Jie 3(1.
1001912. 2000303. 100876)
(1. China Academy of TelecommunicationResearch of MIIT, Beijing 100191, China;
2. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, China;
3. Beijing University of Posts andTelecommunications, Beijing 100876, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0010-04
(OTN)
(PTN) 100G
Converging networks raises the requirements for flattened architecture as
well as increased transparency and capacity. Flexible high-capacity scheduling is also
needed in the transport network. The transport network is the basic bearing network
and should be safe, flexible, broadband, and capable of transmitting over long
distances. The transport network in optical transport networks (OTNs), packet transport
networks (PTNs), and in 100G technology is preparing the way for better convergence
and the development of the transport network.
tri-network convergence; transmission; optical transport network;
packet transport network
Keywords:
Abstract:
10 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
IP
IPTV
[1-3]
1
(973)(2010CB3282002010CB328201)
16
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F4.VFT4PPS/P
11Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
2011
35 10
100 Mbit/s
20 Mbit/s
2011
(FTTH
100 Mbit/s )3 000
34 000
( ) 8
Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s
70%
20 Mbit/s 80%
2013 ()
20 Mbit/s
8 000
1
20 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
1
+1 ++
512 kbit/s4 Mbit/s 23
+2
++
820 Mbit/s
+2
+++
50100 Mbit/s
Web
2
(1) IP
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP
(OTN)
(OAM)
50 ms (PTN)
OAM
(2)
40 Gbit/s
(WDM)
100 Gbit/s WDM
(3)
SDH VC
WDM
PTN
(WSON)
PTN
1
()
100 kbit/s5 Mbit/s
100 kbit/s
100 kbit/s
100 kbit/s
500 kbit/s
500 kbit/s
100 kbit/s1 Mbit/s
210 Mbit/s
23 Mbit/s
810 Mbit/s
100 kbit/s
500 kbit/s
500 kbit/s
100 kbit/s8 Mbit/s
1
13
12
1
1
1-2
13
100 kbit/s5 Mbit/s
100300 kbit/s
100200 kbit/s
100 kbit/s
500 kbit/s
500 kbit/s1 Mbit/s
100 kbit/s3 Mbit/s
210 Mbit/s
29 Mbit/s
820 Mbit/s
100 kbit/s
500 kbit/s
500 kbit/s1 Mbit/s
100 kbit/s24 Mbit/s
17
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F4.VFT4PPS/P
12 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
PTN
3 OTNPTN
3.1
(OTN)
SDH
OAM&P
WDM
WDM
OTN
( ODU1
2.5 Gbit/s)
OAM
(TCM)
(FEC)
OTN 10
OTN OTN
ODUk
OTN
(ROADM)
OTN
SDH
(ODU0
ODU4)
SDH WDM
ROADM
(OEO)
10 Gbit/s
40 Gbit/s
OTN
OTN
ROADM
16
OTN
ODUk
OTN
OTU5
3.2
PTN
T-MPLS/MPLS-TP
PBB-TEPBB
MPLS-TP PTN
PTN
(MPLS-TP)
IP
(MPLS)
(
PHPLSP
(LSP Merge)(ECMP)
)
OAM
PTN
(1)
TDM/ATM
(2)
/
(P2P)(P2MP)
(3) QoSTDM/ATM
QoS
(4)
OAM
(5) (TCO)
T-MPLS ITU-T
2005 5 2007
T-MPLS
G.8110.1T-MPLS G.8112
T-MPLS G.8121T-MPLS
G.8131 G.8132
T-MPLS OAM G.8114
2007 IETF MPLS
2008 2 ITU-T
IETF (JWT)
T-MPLS MPLS
IETF
MPLS-TP
OAM
2011 12
3G
3G IP
PTN
PTN
(PTN)
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
18
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F4.VFT4PPS/P
13Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
PTN
PTN
PTN
PTN
20
3.3
40 Gbit/s POS
40 Gbit/s
2010
40 Gbit/s WDM
40 Gbit/s WDM
100GE
100 Gbit/s
100G IEEE
ITU-T(OIF)
IEEE
100G
100GE
2010 6 17 100GE
103.125 Gbit/s
1010 Gbit/s
7 m
100 m425 Gbit/s
10 km 40 km
OTU4
111 809 973.568 kbit/sODU4
104 794 445.815 kbit/s
100GE OTN
(FEC)
OIF
IEEE
DP-QPSK 100 Gbit/s
ITU-T
100 Gbit/s
-( ) (PDM-(D)
QPSK)
(OFDM)
(DSP)
100 Gbit/s
PDM-QPSK
(ADC) DSP
100 Gbit/s
100 Gbit/s
WDM
(OSNR)
100 Gbit/s
40 Gbit/s OSNR
4 dB
OSNR
OSNR
12 dB OSNR
100 Gbit/s WDM 1 000 km
FEC
OSNR
4
5
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
[1] , . [J]. , 2011,13(1): 15-18.
[2] . 100G [N]. , 2010,10.
[3] , . PTN [J]. , 2010,16(3):1-4.
2011-05-25
OTNPTNWDM SDH MSTP30
11
Internet 1010010
1
APOC2007PS2009 ACP2009/2010/2011OECC2009ONDM2010 TPC101006
121
19
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F7.VFT5PPS/P
Next-Generation Broadcast Network Wireless SystemsNext-Generation Broadcast Network Wireless Systems
/FENG Songlin/XIE Wei
(1. 201203
2. 100045)
(1. Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Science, Shanghai
201203, China;2. Television Technology Research Institute,Academy of Broadcasting Science, Beijing
100045, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0014-05
(NGB-W)
NGB-W
NGB-W(UHF)
This paper proposes two network architectures in which broadcast and
bidirectional communications are converged. These architectures are based on the
next-generation broadcast wireless network (NGB-W). This paper discusses the
application prospects of NGB-W and key technologies such as downlink broadcast
transmission, data push of converged broadcast and communications, bidirectional
wireless access, and spectrum sensing. It suggests that by using a converged
broadcast and bidirectional communication network, the NGB-W system can make
better use of ultrahigh frequency (UHF) spectrum resources, distribute network and
spectrum resources more efficiently, choose suitable transmission schemes for
various services, and improve efficiency in wireless spectrum use.
next-generation broadcast (NGB) network; NGB-wireless (NGB-W);
broadcast and communication convergence; network architecture; push service
Keywords:
Abstract:
14 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2009ZX03005-004)
2011
2015
92%
2015
26 [1]
[2-5]
[6-8]
2008
12
20
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F7.VFT5PPS/P
15Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(CMMB) [9]
4
(NGB)
2015
(UHF)
(NGB-W)
1 NGB-W
NGB-W
(CMMB)
NGB-W UHF
B3G/4G
NGB-W
NGB-W
( CMMB DVB
) ( LTE eMBMS
)
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
2 NGB-W NGB NGB
NGB
NGB
NGBNGB
(NGB-C) NGB
NGB-C
NGB-W
NGB
NGB-W NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-C
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB NGB-W
NGB-W
2.1
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W NGB
1
NGB-W
NGB-C NGB-W
1 NGB-W
NGB-C
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
21
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F7.VFT5PPS/P
16 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
2.2
NGB-W
NGB-W
2
NGB-W
3 NGB-W NGB-W
NGB-W
/
3.1 NGB-W
NGB-W
CMMB
DVB-T2
DVB-NGH
(1)
NGB-W
/
NGB-W
NGB-W
(LDPC) Turbo
[10]
(2)
NGB-W
NGB-W
(MIMO)
MIMO
MIMO (
) MIMO
(
) MIMO
MIMO MIMO
MIMO (
STBC)
MIMO
NGB-W
MIMO
(3)
NGB-W
[11]
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
2 NGB-W
NGB-CNGB-W
NGB-CNGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
22
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F7.VFT5PPS/P
17Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
3.2 /
NGB-W
()
()
3
NGB-W
([12] )
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W(
)
3.3
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
(1)
NGB-W
NGB-W
/-(OFDMA/
SC-FDMA)
NGB-W
NGB-W
(2)
NGB-W
(
LDPC )
(3)
NGB-W UHF
NGB-W
2 GHz
(4)
NGB-W UHF
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB
3.4
NGB-W
[13]NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB-W
4 NGB-WNGB-W
VoIP
5
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
23
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F7.VFT5PPS/P
18 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
NGB-W
NGB-W
NGB
NGB-W
6 [1] Cisco visual networking index: Global mobile
data traffic forecast update, 2010-2015 [R].Cisco Systemc Inc, 2011.
[2] ETSI EN 302 755 V1.1.1. Digital videobroadcasting (DVB): Frame structure channelcoding and modulation for a secondgeneration digital terrestrial televisionbroadcasting system (DVB-T2) [S]. 2009.
[3] ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1. Digital videobroadcasting (DVB): Frame structure, channelcoding and modulation for digital terrestrialtelevision [S]. 2009.
[4] 3GPP LTE Release 10 and beyond [R]. to bereleased.
[5] IEEE P802.16m/D8. IEEE draft amendmentstandard for local and metropolitan areanetworks - Part 16: Air interface for fixedand mobile broadband wireless accesssystems - advanced air interface [S]. 2010.
[6] ROADiBROM (roadmapping digitalbroadcasting / mobile convergence RTD2015) [R/OL]. [2009-11-23]. http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PROJ_ICT&ACTION=D&CAT=PROJ&RCN=80515.
[7] ETSI TS 102 468 V1.1.1. Digital videobroadcasting (DVB): IP datacast over DVB-H:Set of specifications for phase 1 [S]. 2007.
[8] 3GPP TS 26.346 V10.0.0. Multimediabroadcast/multicast service(MBMS):protocols and codecs:(Release 10) [S]. 2011.
[9] GY/T 220. [S]. 2006.[10] NOUR C A, DOUILLARD C. Improving BICM
performance of QAM constellations forbroadcasting applications [C]//Proceedingsof the 5th International Symposium onTurbo Codes and Related Topics,Sep 1-5,2008,Lausanne, Switzerland. Piscataway,NJ, USA: IEEE, 2008:55-60.
[11 RATASUK R, TOLLI D, GHOSH A. Carrieraggregation in LTE-advanced [C]//Proceedings of the 71st VehicularTechnology Conference (VTC-Spring10),
May 16-19, 2010, Taipei, China.Piscataway, NJ,USA: IEEE, 2010:5p.
[12] SHOKROLLAHI A. Raptor codes [J]. IEEETransactions on Information Theory, 2006,52(6):2551-2567.
[13] ZHANG Y, ZHENG J, CHEN H. Cognitiveradio: Architecture, protocols, and standards[M]. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2010.
2011-05-05
863973 (Fellow)100
20
(20132015 )
IP
IPTV
IPTV
4
5
12
[1] . (NGB) [J]. , 2010(4):20-25.
[2] HOURCADE J C, NUEVO Y, WAHLSTER W,et al. Future Internet 2020: Visions of anindustry expert group [R]. Brussels, Belgium:European Commission Information Societyand Media, 2009.
[3] KRUGER L G, GILROY A A, GOLDFARB C B,et al. The national broadband plan [M].Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova SciencePublishers, 2010.
[4] i-Japan Strategy 2015 [R]. The Japanese ITStrategic Headquarters, 2009.
2011-06-06
3
24
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F3.VFT4PPS/P
Integration and Broadcasting Platform and Technologies in Tri-Network ConvergenceIntegration and Broadcasting Platform and Technologies in Tri-Network Convergence
/ZHANG Shile/LU Wei
/LU Baofeng( 200072)
(Shanghai Interactive Television Co. Ltd.,Shanghai 200072, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0019-04
3
With improving technologies, the transmission network of cable TV has
extended to the telecom network and Internet. Integration and broadcasting platforms
that are being built for business lack uniform technical and operation specifications and
are not easy to manage and scale up. Manually censoring and monitoring content is
insufficient for integrating business and mass content in tri-network convergence.
Current broadcasting platforms are independent and unable to support business
collaboration between content providers and network operators. There is also no
mechanism for copyright protection. In this paper, we propose a platform for
integration and broadcasting and research technologies that solve these problems from
three aspects: content integration, content broadcasting and the collaborative
operating.
tri-network convergence; integration and broadcasting; content
censoring; content protection; collaboration operating
Keywords:
Abstract:
1
2
1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(VOD)
(UGC)
(4)
(863)
(2011AA01A107863)
19Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
25
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F3.VFT4PPS/P
3
3
3
2
2.1
[1]
2.2
(
)
3
3.1
1
2
IPTV ()
( CCTV)
( SiTV)
( CNTV)
()
P2P ( PPStream)
+ IPTV +
()
( CNTV)
()
()
()
20 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
26
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F3.VFT4PPS/P
(EPG)
[2]
H.264
(SVC)[3]
SVC
SVC
[4]
[5]
EPG
EPG
EPG
EPG
3.2
H.264/AVC
(SVC)
H.264/AVC
3
EPG
21Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
27
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F3.VFT4PPS/P
()(
)
4
4.1
4.2
/
5
6 [1] PRITCH Y, RAV-ACHA A, PELEG S.
Nonchronological video synopsis andindexing [J]. IEEE Transactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence,2008,30(11): 1971-1984.
[2] SUN Huifang, CHEN Xuemin, CHIANG Tihao.Digital video transcoding for transmissionand storage [M]. New York, NY,USA:CRCPress, 2005.
[3] SCHWARZ H, WIEN M. The scalable videocoding extension of the H.264/AVC standard[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2008,25(2): 135-141.
[4] COX I J, MILLER M L, BLOOM J A, et al.Digital watermarking and steganography [M].2nd ed. Amsterdam, Netherland: MorganKaufmann, 2008.
[5] ROSENBLATT B, TRIPPE B, MOONEY S.Digital rights management: Business andtechnology [M]. New York, NY,USA: HungryMinds/John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
[6] COOPER J O, HERON T E, HEWARDW L.Applied behavior analysis [M]. 2nd ed. UpperSaddle River, NJ,USA: Prentice Hall, 2007.
2011-05-05
8 ( SCI 1 EI 1)
105(3)
IPTV2013(7)
22 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
28
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F6.VFT6PPS/P
Common Security and Control Framework in Tri-Network ConvergenceCommon Security and Control Framework in Tri-Network Convergence
/LI Yufeng 1
/LAN Julong 1
/XUE Xiangyang 2(1.
4500022.
201203)(1. National Digital Switching System
Engineering & Technological Research Center,Zhengzhou 450002, China;
2. School of Computer Science, FudanUniversity, Shanghai 201203, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0023-06
This paper proposes a Common Security and Control Framework (CSCF) for
application security, network security, information security, and behavioral security in
tri-network convergence. CSCF has an independent architecture and can be operated
transparently across the whole network. It treats the network link as the control object
and can perform functions such as link traffic identification and link traffic analysis. It
can also check and control a security problem at one point and initiate a whole-system
response. CSCF is based on a distributed security and control platform with high
scalability. This paper discusses the development of techniques used to establish a
security system that proactively defends against threats, flexibly reacts to and blocks
threats as they occur, and traces threats.
common security and control framework; control center; control platform
Keywords:
Abstract:
(863)
(2009AA01A346)
IP
(1)
(2)
(3)
23Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
29
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F6.VFT6PPS/P
(4)
1
[1]
-
1.1
(1)
1
2
1
3
4
24 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
30
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F6.VFT6PPS/P
1
(2)
2 4
(DPI)
(DFI)
(DCI)
(DBI)
(3)
3
DPIDFIDCIDBI
(4)
4
(5)
5
1.2
(1)
2
3
DBI DCI DFI DPI
DBI
DCI
DFI
DPI
DPI
DFI
DCI
DBI
DBI DCI DFI DPI
25Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
31
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F6.VFT6PPS/P
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
4
5
Ddos
DDOS
/
26 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
32
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F6.VFT6PPS/P
2
2.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
2.2
(
)
(1)
()
(2)
URL
P2P
(1)
IP
DFI
[2-4]
(2)(DPI)
[5-7]
2.3
[8][9]
[10]
2.4
()
2.5
27Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
33
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F6.VFT6PPS/P
2.6
IP
UUNet Stone
[11] Burch
[12]
Song PPM [13]
WAPWeb
(
)
3
4
7 30 SCI/EI20
[1] , . [J]. , 2007,20(12):15-18.
[2] WON Y J, PARK B C, JU H T, et al. A hybridapproach for accurate application trafficidentification [C]//Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/IFIP Workshop on End-to-End MonitoringTechniques and Services(E2EMON06), Apr03,2006,Vancouver, Canada. Piscataway, NJ,USA: IEEE, 2006:8p.
[3] KARAGIANNIS T, PAPAGIANNAKI K,FALOUTSOS M. BLINC: Mutilevel trafficclassfication in the dark [J]. ACM SIGCOMMComputer Communication Review, 2005, 35(4):229-240.
[4] ALSHAMMARI R, ZINCIR-HEYWOOD A N.Machine learning based encrypted trafficclassification: Identifying SSH and skype [C]//Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Symposium onComputational Intelligence for Security andDefense Applications (CISDA09), Jul 8-10,2009, Ottawa, Canada. Piscataway, NJ,USA:IEEE, 2009: 289-296.
[5] AHO A V, CORASICK M J. Efficient stringmatching: an aid to bibliographic search [J].Communications of the ACM,1975,18(6):330-340.
[6] KUMAR S, TURNER J, WILLIAMS J.Advanced algorithms for fast and scalabledeep packet inspection [C]//Proceedings ofthe 2006 ACM/IEEE Symposium onArchitecture for Networking andCommunications Systems(ANCS06), Dec3-5,2006,San Jose, CA, USA. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 2006: 81-92.
[7] NAGHMOUCHI J, SCARPAZZA D P,BEREKOVIC M. Small-ruleset regularexpression matching on GPGPUs:Quantitative performance analysis andoptimization [C]//Proceedings of the 24thACM International Conference onSupercomputing(ICS10), Jun 2-4,2010,Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 2010: 337-348.
[8] LIN Y R, HUANG H Y, HSU W H. Anembedded watermark technique in video forcopyright protection [C]//Proceedings of the
IEEE 18th International Conference onPattern Recognition (ICPR06): Vol 4, Aug20-24, 2006, Hong Kong, China. Piscataway,NJ,USA: IEEE, 2006:795-798.
[9] SUN Q, HE D, TIAN Q. A secure and robustauthentication scheme for video transcoding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits andSystems for Video Technology, 2006,16(10):1232-1244.
[10] WANGW H, FAFID H. Exposing digitalforgeries in video by detecting doubleMPEG compression [C]//Proceedings of theACM Muhimedia and SecurityWorkshop(MM&Sec'06), Sep 26-27,2006,Geneva, Switzerland. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 2006:37-47.
[11] STONE R. Centertrack: An IP overlaynetwork for tracking DoS floods [C]//Proceedings of the 9th Conference onUSENIX Security Symposium, Aug 14-17,2000,Denver,CO,USA. Berkeley, CA, USA:USENIX Association, 2000:199-212.
[12] BURCH H, CHESWICK B. Tracinganonymous packets to their approximatesource [C]// Proceedings of the 14thUSENIX Conference on SystemAdministration(LISA00), Dec 3-8,2000,New Orleans, LA, USA. Berkeley, CA, USA:USENIX Association, 2000:319-327.
[13] SONG D X, PERRIG A. Advanced andauthenticated marking schemes for IPtraceback [C]// Proceedings of the 20thAnnual Joint Conference of the IEEEComputer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM01):Vol 2,Apr 22- 26,2001,Anchorage, AK,USA. Piscataway, NJ,USA:IEEE, 2001:878-886.
2011-05-07
28 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
34
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F8.VFT4PPS/P
Cooperative Wireless Technologies in Tri-Network ConvergenceCooperative Wireless Technologies in Tri-Network Convergence
/XU Ling/FANG Huiying
( 518004)(ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen 518004, China)
TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0029-04
(ARQ)
Cooperative wireless technology, especially cross-layer cooperative
architecture, will contribute to tri-network convergence. This paper proposes
cooperative technology that provides primary return channel and network-level
automatic repeat request (ARQ) as well as user and service-oriented transmission by
means of unified resource management and coordination. Cooperative technology
improves coverage quality and allows for dynamic spectrum sharing through
cooperative relay. It also provides a more effective coordination mechanism for
tri-network convergencewhich creates a new service experience and is suited to
the development of diverse new services.
tri-network convergence; cooperative wireless technology; unified radio
resource management; cooperative relay; spectrum sharing; cognitive radio
Keywords:
Abstract:
(CMMB) 30 MHz 3 000 MHz
/
CMMB
(MIMO)
1 (WPAN
WLANWMANWWAN )
1
29Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
35
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F8.VFT4PPS/P
(1)
(CRRM)
/
/
CRRM
(Joint RRM)
3GPP
Internet Offload
[1]CRRM
3
CRRM
CRRM
( RNCeNodeB )
(2)
(COMP)
(JP)(CP/CB)
(COMP)
2
(3)
(CR)
(
)
CR
(ETSI)
CR
(IMT)
2G/3G 4G
CR
(4)
[2-5]
2
WAN WLAN WPAN GPS
1
2 (COMP)
GPS/
WAN
WLAN
WPAN
30 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
36
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F8.VFT4PPS/P
4
(1) 1
()
()
(2) 2
ARQ (NARQ)
(NARQ)
3 ARQ
NARQ
/
( CRRM )
CRRM
4
(3) 3
5
2
2 ARQ
ARQ
(4) 4
3
ARQ
4
5
ARQARQ
ARQ
/
Internet
31Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
37
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F8.VFT4PPS/P
6
7
3
6
7
[1] PILLEKEIT A. Common radio resourcemanagement - Theory, architectures,algorithms [C]//Summer Academy 2010 ofInternational Graduate School on MobileCommunications, Jul 26-Aug 08,2010,TUIlmenau, Germany. 2010.
[2] Cognitive radio, spectrum and radio resourcemanagement [R]. WWRF WG6 White Paper.2004.
[3] VON Hugo D, BOGENFELD E, GASPARD I, etal. Joint RRM as a concept for efficientoperation of future radio networks [C]//Proceedings of the 70th VehicularTechnology Conference (VTC-Fall09),Sep20-23, 2008, Anchorage, AK,USA.Piscataway, NJ,USA:IEEE, 2009: 5p.
[4] Performance of cognitive collaborativenetwork, management concepts [R].End-to-End Efficiency (E3) Deliverable D3.4.2009.
[5] GELABERT X, PREZ-ROMERO J, SALLENTO, et al. Radio resource management inheterogeneous networks [C]//Proceedings ofthe 3rd International Working Conference onPerformance Modelling and Evaluation ofHeterogeneous Networks (HET-NETs05),July 18-20, 2005, Ilkley, UK. London, UK:IEEE, 2005:12p.
2011-05-11
3
WiMAX LTE 20
Internet
32 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
38
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\Expert.VFT4PPS/P
/ZHOU Qi( 100037)(China Academy of TelecommunicationResearch of MIIT, Beijing 100037, China)
:
:
Abstract:With the emergence of digital broadcast television, tri-network convergence has
become a trend in the global information industry and an important stimulant of the Chinese
economy. Influenced by tri-network convergence, telecommunications has now taken on
some of the features of traditional media, and services offered by telecom operators have
expanded. Separation of terminals, which characterized the traditional media era, has
ended. This paper suggests that service element cross-domain integration and
convergence allows for multistate service development in tri-network convergence. It
creates new media industries and gives rise to innovative business models.
Keywords: tri-network convergence; full-service; multiscreen convergence; IPTV
Business Models and Future Development Strategy of Tri-Network ConvergenceBusiness Models and Future Development Strategy of Tri-Network Convergence
TN915TN94TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0033-04
IP
1
[1]
4
(1)
IP
(IPTV)
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
33Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
39
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\Expert.VFT4PPS/P
1
IPTV
2009
(2)
TD+CMMB
+
(WEBTV)
, 2
Google TV
APPLE TV BBC iPlayer TV
(TV BOX
iTunes
(3)
IPTV
[2]
IPTV IPTV
IPTV IPTV
3
SeeMeTV ( 3 )
now TV
3
SeeMeTV
(UGC)
(MMS)
10%
(4)
FMC
ARPU
1 IPTV
2
3 SeeMeTV
UGC
258 2005
130
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\Expert.VFT4PPS/P
(FMC)
FMC FMC
FMC
FMC
IPTV
[3]
KDDI AU BOX FMBC
IPTV4
2 (1)
BTAT&T
(2)
32%
2009
76362
PC
3G
(3) IPTV
IPTV
IPTV
IPTV
(4)
widget
SP
SP
IPTV
IPTV
(5)
5 2010
(6)
2008 2010
2010
320 500
HDTV
70%
(STB)
STB
4 KDDI FMC
STB
PC
()()()
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
35Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
41
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\Expert.VFT4PPS/P
(7) IPTV 2013
2 000
2010-2012
IPTV
IPTV
5
2010 IPTV
760 2013 2 100
2009-2013
46%
3
(1)
IPTV
(2)
(CDN)
(3)
[4]
(4)
(IPQAM)
4
5
CAGR
[1] .IPTV[J]. , 2006, 4(4):17.
[2] . [J]. , 2009(9) : 32-35.
[3] . [J].,2010(5):25.
[4] , . [J].,2010(Z1): 15-19.
2011-06-20
5 2010-2013 IPTV
6 000
3 000
1 000
02002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2 000
1 800
1 600
1 200
800
40028
63
140
200
6 497.3
40 501
260460
760
1 000
1 300
2 100
CAGR=46%
IPTV
/
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
36 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
42
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL16\OA1.VFT6PPS/P
Distributed Cache of Cloud Computing Technology and Its ApplicationDistributed Cache of Cloud Computing Technology and Its Applicationin the Internet of Thingsin the Internet of Things :
:
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is the product of information technology, and the
cloud computing platform is the basis of IoT applications. This paper discusses the
deployment, functional architecture and key technology of cloud computing distributed
cache, which can be used to overcome certain IoT shortcomings. This paper focuses on
the advantages of distributed cache, including high performance, throughput, reliability,
and scalability. Cloud computing distributed cache can solve IoT application problems
that affect data reliability, large shared memory, consistency in multimodule data
protection, and linear expansion. These support the bottom layer of cloud architecture in
the IoT platform.
Keywords: cloud computing; Internet of things; distributed cache
/GAO Hong/DONG Zhenjiang
( 210012
(Communication Service R&D Institute, ZTECorporation, Nanjing210012, China)
TN91 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0037-06
PC
GoogleAmazonSalesforce IT
[1-2]
IT
(API)
37Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
43
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL16\OA1.VFT6PPS/P
1
PC
WEB 2.0
IT
2007 10
Dynamo
1
[3-4]
GoogleAmazon
(RDBMS)
Google Amazon
Key-Value
Key-Value
Google BigTableAmazon Dynamo
Facebook Cassandra
[5]
2
2.1
API
telnet
B/S
2
2.2
3
3
/SSD/
1 Amazon
S3
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
38 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
44
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL16\OA1.VFT6PPS/P
(LRU)SSD
2.3
2.3.1 NRW
NRW
4 NRW
N R
W
R+W >N
R W
W 1
R
1
R W
2.3.2 Hash
Hash
0232
232
Hash
Hash
Hash
2
LRU
3
/
/
telnet Web
SSD
Hash
LRU
1
2
3
1 2 3
39Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
45
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL16\OA1.VFT6PPS/P
5 232 Hash
Hash
2.3.3
(1) 10
3
ABC
(2) A A
10
3
A D
C A
(3) A A
10
A 10
BC
10
BC
A
A
API
API
2.3.4
IP
6
(1) 12
35 4
12 0
35
(2) 4
1
2
(3) 1
035
4
4 NRW
N,R,W ) (3, 2 ,2)
5Hash
Key-Value
R+W >N
(N =3W=R=2)
NNRRWW
Hash
232/0
Key-Value
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
40 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
46
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL16\OA1.VFT6PPS/P
4 0
3 5
4
3
3.1
Key-Value
24
Hash
I/O
I/O
API
3.2
(ICT)
(RFID)
3
7 1
RFID
2
3
3
8
(QoS)
(GPRS)
(M2M)
IP
18 /
6
1
2
3
0
5
4
4043
54
41Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
47
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL16\OA1.VFT6PPS/P
4
RFID
[6]
5
DCACHE OMMP NFS DB
[1] .[M].: , 2010.[2] ,.[J].
, 2010(12):1-3.[3] DECANDIA G, HASTORUN D, JAMPANI M,et
al. Dynamo: Amazons Highly AvailableKey-Value Store[C]//Proceedings of the 21thACM SIGOPS Symposium on OperatingSystems Principles (SOSP07), Oct 14-17,2007, Washington, DC, USA. New York, NY,USA: ACM, 2007:205-220.
[4] CHANG F, DEAN J, GHEMAWAT S,et al.Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System forStructured Data[C]//Proceedings of the 20thACM SIGOPS Symposium on OperatingSystems Principles (SOSP05), Oct 23-26,2005, Brighton UK. New York, NY, USA:ACM, 2005: 205-218.
[5] LAKSHMAN A,MALIK P.Cassandra: ADecentralized Structured Storage System[J].SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, 2010, 44(2):35-40.
[6] .[J].(),2010,22(5): 526-531.
2011-05-25
8
INIMS
SDPP2P3G ICT
7
DB
+
OMMP
NFS
1
2
N
DCACHE 1
DCACHE 2
DCACHEm
1 n 1 n
ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
42 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
48
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\RP2.VFT5PPS/P
LTE-AdvancedLTE-AdvancedQoSQoS
Study of the Mapping of QoS Parameters in LTE-A SystemsStudy of the Mapping of QoS Parameters in LTE-A Systems /KONG Xiangyi 1, /ZHAO Jihong 2(1. 7100612. 710049 )(1. School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xian University of Posts and
Telecommunications, Xian 710061, China;2. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xian JiaoTong University, Xian 710049, China)
TP393 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0043-05
QoS
QoS LTE-A
QoSQoS
LTE-AQoS
LTE-Advanced
Abstract: Mapping of QoS parameters provides a mechanism for lower layers to know
the service QoS information of the upper layer so that transmission quality is
guaranteed. As LTE-A continues to be evaluated, mapping of QoS parameters is
becoming more important in satisfying the QoS decision of the system architecture and
transforming or mapping systems information. This paper analyzes the architecture for
mapping QoS parameters in LTE-A. It examines the function of each part of the
architectures framework and specifies the mapping process and rules for specific
parameters.
Keywords: LTE-A; QoS; mapping of parameters
LTE-AdvancedQoSZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(3GPP) LTE-Advanced (ITU-R)
(IMT-Advanced)
ITU-R IMT-Advanced
1 Gbit/s 100 Mbit/s
[1]
ITU-R 5D
3GPP LTE
Release 10 & Beyond(LTE-Advanced)
4G
(QoS)
QoS
QoS
Carl Wijting[2] QoS
QoS
QoS
LTE-A
IP
1 QoS
1.1 QoS
[3]QoS
QoS QoS
QoS
QoS[4]
1.2 QoS
[5] QoS
QoS
QoS
QoS
3GPP
QoS
43Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
49
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\RP2.VFT5PPS/P
EPS QCI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
GBR
GBR
2
4
3
5
1
6
7
8
9
/ms
100
150
50
300
100
300
100
300
10-2
10-3
10-3
10-6
10-6
10-6
10-3
10-6
IMS
TCPWWWE-mailFTPP2P
TCPWWWE-mailFTPP2P
LTE-AdvancedQoSZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
LTE-AQoS
1.3 QoSQCI
QoS
QoS (QCI)
(ARP) (GBR)
(MBR)
(AMBR) [6]
AMBR
(UE-AMBR)
(APN-AMBR) QCI
AMBR
(EPS)
(UMTS)
QCI
EPS
(E-RAB) GBR
GBR QCI ARP
(SDF)
QCI IP
(IP-CAN)
SDF QCI ARP
SDF QCI
QoS
1 EPS
QCI
2 LTE-AQoS
LTE-Advanced IP
QoS
(PCC)
PCC QoS
2.1 QoS
3GPP R7 PCC
QoS
PCC
QoS IP-CAN
QoS
[7]
(AF)
(PCRF)
(PCEF)
(BBERF)(UE)
QoS
QoS (SDI)
(SDP)IP QoS
QoS QoS
1
2.2 QoS
1 AF AF
RxPCRFPCRF
IP QoS QCI
GBRMBRARP
1 EPSQCI
EPSFTP
GBRIMSIP
P2PQCIQoS
TCP
PCRFPCEF
BBERFSDI
AFQoS
1 QoS
IP
IP
PCEF/BBERF
SDI
AF
PCRF
AF
(Rx)
QoS
IP QoS
(Gx/Gxx)
44 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
50
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\RP2.VFT5PPS/P
PCEF BBERF
PCC Gx
Gxx
QoS
QoS
3 QoS
EPS PCC
Diameter
(AVP)
UE
AF
QoS AF
PCRFPCRF
IP QoS
PCC
PCEF BBERF
PCEF BBERF PCC
QoS
3.1 AFQoS
AF Rx
AVP AF
SDI
Rx
PCRF
Diameter [8]
AF
SDP SDP
[9]
AVP
AF
/
[10]
2 SDP
AVP
2
SDP
UE UE
SDP
m-line
ab[11]
IP
IP
IPIP
(UDP)
3.2 PCRFQoS
PCRF
R6 R7
PCRF
QoS
PCRF AF
AF
PCRF QoS
QoS
Rx
IP QoS
QCIGBRMBR ARP
UE
UE AF IP
QoS QoS
QoS 3
QCI
3 QCI
QCI PCRF
AF AVP
QCIAF
AVP
AVP QCI
AVPQCI
3.3 PCEF/BBERFQoS
PCEF/BBERF PCRF
IP QoS
QoS
QoS
QoS
PCEF
R6
R7
PCEF
GPRS GPRS
(GGSN)
(WLAN)
(P-GW)
LTE-AdvancedQoSZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
2 AF
ASAVP
MSRPRTP
SDPTCPTiASUDP
=
=
*1 000
b=TiAS:
b=AS:
b
=
a
=
Recovonly sendrecy
TCPTCP/MSRP
UDP RTP/AVP b=TiAS:
=
b M
b=AS:b=TiAS:
=
UE
=
45Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
51
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\RP2.VFT5PPS/P
QoS
BBERF
(S-GW) Gxx [12]
PCRF QoS
GPRS GGSN
PCRF IP QoS
/
(PDP) UMTS QoS
PDP UMTS QoS
/
APN-AMBR
2 PDP
IP QoS
2 QCI 1 2
[13]34
5678
3GPP EPS P-GW
/ P-GW
GPRS(SGSN)Gn/Gp
3.4 UEQoS
UE PCEF/
BBERF IP-CAN
IP-CAN
IP-CAN
4 UE
PDP QoS
(1) IP
UMTS
(2)
UMTS QoS
(3) SDP SDP
UMTS
(4) 1 2
UMTS QoS 3
UMTS QoSUE
3
UE
5 SDP
UE SDP
UE SDP
AVP
4 QoS
QoS
3GPP
QoS
QoS
QoS
LTE-AdvancedQoSZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
AFAVPQCIQoSQoS
RTCP
3 QCI
2 QCIPDP
QCIQoS
QCI
12
34
5678
QCI=
AVP
QCI=video
QCI=QCI=1 2
QCI=6 7 8
QCI=6
QCI=9
AF
RTCP IP /
AVPs
=3 4=4
=1
=2
QCI=
AF AVP QoS
QCI=
46 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
52
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\RP2.VFT5PPS/P
(1) QoS
(2) QoS
(3) QoS
QoS
3GPP
CoMP
QoS
4G
5
LTE-AdvancedQoSZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
PDPSDP
SGSNGPRSUMTS
UEQoS
AVPRTPSDPUE
[1] ITU-R M.2134. Requirements Related toTechnical Performance for IMTAdvancedRadio Interface [S].2008.
[2] MASRI W, MAMMERI Z. Mapping Density toBandwidth in Tree-Based Wireless SensorNetworks[J].Telecommunication Systems,2010,43(1/2):73-81.
[3] CHANG Qian, SONG Junde, HOU Chunping.Study of QoS in UTRAN[C]//Proceeding of the2002 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electricaland Computer Engineering (CCECE02), May12-15, 2002 , Winnipeg, Canada.Piscataway,NJ, USA:IEEE,2002:1605-1609.
[4] DASILVA L A. QoS Mapping Along theProtocol Stack: Discussion and PreliminaryResults[C]//Proceedings of the IEEEInternational Conference onCommunications(ICC00):Vol 2, Jun 18-22,2000, New Orleans, LA, USA. Piscataway,NJ, USA:IEEE, 2000:713-717.
[5] MARCHESE M, MONGELLI M. Vertical QoSMapping over Wireless Interfaces[J]. IEEEWireless Communications, 2009,16(2):37-45.
[6] 3GPP TS 23.203. v10.1.0. Policy and ChargingControl Architecture[S].2005.
[7] 3GPP TS 29.213. v9.4.1. Policy and ChargingControl Signaling Flows and Quality ofService (QoS) Parameter Mapping[S].2010.
[8] CALHOUN P, LOUGHNEY J, GUTTMAN E,etal.Diameter Base Protocol[R]. IETF. RFC3588.2003.
[9] 3GPP. TS 29.214 v10.0.1. Policy and ChargingControl over Rx Reference Point[S].2011.
[10] CASNER S. Session Description Protocol(SDP)Bandwidth Modifier [R]. IETF. RFC3556. 2003.
[11] HANDLEY M, JACOBSON V, PERKINS C.SDP: Session Description Protocol[R]. IETF.RFC 4566.2006.
[12] 3GPP TS 29.212. v10.0.0. Policy andCharging Control over Gx Reference Point[S].2010.
[13] 3GPP TS 23.107.v9.1.0. Quality of Service(QoS) Concept and Architecture[S]2010.
2011-05-10
100
4 UEQoS
5 SDP
UMTS
QoS
UMTS
IP
SDP
(1) (3)
(2)
(4)
SGSN
PDP
SDP
==
==
==
B=AS
TS26.234
A=sendonlyrecvonly
TS26.234
SDP
==RTP/AVP
UE
47Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
53
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF1.VFT4PPS/P
Wi-FiWi-FiANew Option for Broadband Wireless Network: Wi-Fi OffloadA New Option for Broadband Wireless Network: Wi-Fi Offload
: iPhone
Wi-Fi
AP/AC PMIP IP
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Internet 2G/3G/LTE
: Wi-Fi IP
Abstract: Smartphones and laptop computers have brought about an explosion in data
traffic, and using Wi-Fi to offload data flow has become a trend. This paper suggests
that a smart antenna can enhance signal coverage, improved AP/AC can reduce
handoff time, PMIP can provide IP mobility, and a relatively transparent Wi-Fi network
can be used to provide new services. It proposes seamless coverage and handoff that
satisfies medium-speed mobile Wi-Fi and greatly offloads Internet and data traffic.
The 2G/3G/LTE network continues to carry voice and other high value-added business.
Key words: seamless coverage; seamless handoff ; Wi-Fi hotspot; IP mobility; open
system resource interface
/WEI Yuan(
210012)(Central Research Institute, ZTE
Corporation, Nanjing 210012, China)
TN929.5 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0048-04
2008 Vodafone
300500 Cisco 2008
iPhone
17%
65% 3 AT&T
50 iPhone
AT&T 3% 40%
[1]
iPhone
3G
(LTE)
LTE
(Wi-Fi)
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
(WLAN)
802.11n 2009 9
600 Mbit/s
(MIMO)
(OFDM) Wi-Fi
[2]
IP
Wi-Fi
2G/3G/LTE
1 Wi-Fi
1.1 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
/
Wi-Fi
1
1.2
Internet
(Ethernet)
WLAN EPON (0G/100G
Ethernet)(100G Ethernet)[3]
WLAN Internet
/
(MAC) IP
Wi-Fi ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
48 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
54
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF1.VFT4PPS/P
(OSI)
[4]
MAC
1.3 802.11n
802.11n WLAN
100600 Mbit/s
WLAN 10
Wi-Fi
PC
802.11n
MIMO
802.11n 12
1
20 MHz 140 MHz
2.25
1234
64 QAM 616QAM 4(QPSK)
2(BPSK) 1
BPSK 1/2QPSK16QAM 1/2 3/464 QAM 2/33/4
7/8
800 ns 1400 ns1.11
802.11n
100 Mbit/s 125 Mbit/s22
20 MHz200 Mbit/s 250 Mbit/s4
420 MHz300 Mbit/s 250 Mbit/s
2 240 MHz500 Mbit/s 600
Mbit/s4440 MHz
33MIMO
300 Mbit/s
1.4 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
44MIMO
Wi-Fi
22MIMO 500 nW
(AP)
1000 m (2.5 Mbit/s)
500 m (5 Mbit/s)
500 m (12 Mbit/s)
Wi-Fi
2[5]
1.5 MESH
AP
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
802.11s MESH
MESH AP
ACAP DPI IMSIP MESH WLAN
1 Wi-Fi
1 802.11nMIMO
/MHz
/(Mbit/s)
MIMO
22MIMO
20
12
1
2
6
0.875
1
126
12
1
2
6
0.75
1
108
44MIMO
20
12
1
4
6
0.875
1
252
12
1
4
6
0.75
1
216
22MIMO
40
12
2.25
2
6
0.875
1
283.5
12
2.25
2
6
0.75
1
243
44MIMO
40
12
2.25
4
6
0.875
1
567
12
2.25
4
6
0.75
1
486
2
/(km/h)
4
40
80
300
/s
720
270
135
120
/s
45
34
17
15
IMS IP //DPI
AC AC
IP
MESH
WLAN
Wi-Fi ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
49Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
55
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF1.VFT4PPS/P
MESH AP [6]
1.6 AP/AC
AP
QoS
AC AP/AC
/
AP/AC
CAPWAP rfc5415
CAPWAP rfc5416
802.11 AC
Wi-Fi AAA
BOSS
[7-8]
1.7 PMIP
IP Wi-Fi
MIP Client
IP (PMIP)
[9]
PMIP Wi-Fi
330%
(MAG)
FPMIP MAG MAG
Wi-Fi
MAGMAG1MAG3
STA1
STA1
MAG STA1
(IETF) 2009
Multimob WG
(QoS)
SkypeQQ Global IP
Sound iLBC
13.3 kbit/s G.729
30% IP
[4]
802.11
IETF
[10]
Wi-Fi
1.8 OSR
Internet (ISP)
(OSR)
2
ISP
ISP
(1)
Google OSR_Request
Google
OSR_Response
(2) ISP
OSR_Response ISP
(PDA)PC
(URL)
(3) QoS
QoS
OSR QoS
QoS OSR
QoS QoS
1.9 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11e QoS
IETF MIFNETEXTMEXT WG
IETF Hokey Wi-Fi hokey
FMIPFPMIP
Wi-Fi
3GPP TS23.234TS29.234 Wi-Fi offload
3GPP TS32.252TS33.234
ISPInternet OSR
QoSISPInternet
WLAN
2 OSR
OSR
WLAN
ISP
(Google,)
OSR_Request
(Qos, )
OSR_Response
(Qos, )
OSR_Pay
()
Wi-Fi ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
50 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
56
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF1.VFT4PPS/P
2 Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
2G/3G/LTE/WALN
Wi-Fi
33
(1)
3G
Wi-Fi AC Internet
(a) Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi AAA
(b) SIM 3G
AAA
(2)
Wi-Fi Internet
(PDG) 3G/LTE
(3) Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Internet
PDG 3G/LTE
Wi-Fi
3 Wi-Fi
3G
Wi-Fi
3G
[11]
Wi-Fi
PDG
Wi-Fi
EAP-SIM
iPhone
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
4 [1] GHOSAL A. Mobile Data Offload Can Wi-Fi
Deliver[R]. IntelliNet Technologies Inc,2010.[2] IEEE Std 802.11n. IEEE Standard for
InformationTechnology-Telecommunications andInformation Exchange BetweenSystems-Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks-Specific Requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications-Amendment 5:Enhancements for Higher Throughput [S].2009.
[3] IEEE Std P802.3ba/D3.0. 40Gb/s and 100Gb/sEthernet Comments. Draft 3.0 Comments[S].2009.
[4] The iLBCfreeware org. What is iLBC? [EB/OL]. http://www.ilbcfreeware.org/.
[5] . WLAN[J]., 2004(2): 12-15.
[6] IEEE Std P802.11s/D0.01. IEEE Standard forInformationTechnology-Telecommunications andInformation Exchange BetweenSystems-Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks-Specific Requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications-Amendment 10: MeshNetworking [S]. 2009.
[7] CALHOUN P, MONTEMURRO M,STANLEYD, Control and Provisioning of WirelessAccess Points (CAPWAP) ProtocolSpecification [R]. IETF RFC 5415.2009.
[8] CALHOUN P,MONTEMURRO M,STANLEYD. Control and Provisioning of WirelessAccess Points (CAPWAP) Protocol Bindingfor IEEE 802.11[R]. IETF RFC 5416.2009.
[9] GUNDAVELLI S,LEUNG K, DEVARAPALLI V,et al. Proxy Mobile IPv6 [R].IETF RFC5213.2008.
[10] . (WLAN)[M].:,2004.
[11] . 3GWi-Fi,[J]. , 2010,37(1):20-22.
2010-06-09
Wi-Fi IP IP WLAN IP Wi-Fi 510
3 3Wi-Fi
AC LTE PDG
Wi-FiInternet
AC
AAA
AAA
3G/LTE
Wi-Fi
ACInternet
AAA
AAA
3G/LTEPDG
Wi-Fi
3G/LTE
AAA
AC
Internet
PDG
Wi-Fi ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
51Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
57
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF2.VFT6PPS/P
15881588vv22Standardization ofStandardization of 15881588vv22 for Application in Telecommunication Networksfor Application in Telecommunication Networks
: 1588v2 ITU-T
1588v2
1588v2(PDV)
1588v21588v2
: 1588v2
Abstract: This article introduces the requirements of 1588v2 for application in
telecommunication networks and discusses 1588v2 standardization in the ITU-T with
reference to frequency and time/phase synchronization. Issues affecting the
application of 1588v2 include network Packet Delay Variation (PDV) limits (which
impact 1588v2 frequency recovery), and application scenarios and specifications for
1588v2 end to end frequency transmission. This paper also discusses the
characteristics and basic thought of 1588v2 in telecommunications deployment.
Problems arising during standardization are discussed in conclusion.
Key words: precision time protocol;1588v2; PDV; Global Navigation Satellites System
/SU Fei/HE Li
/LI Zhengqi(
518055)(ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen 518055, China)
TN929.11 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0052-06
1 1588v2
1.1 1588v2
(IEEE) 2000
PTP 15881588
[1]
IEEE 2002
1588
2008
IEEE 1588TM-2008
1588v21588v2
1588v2
1588v2
(BC)
(TC) PTP
PTP
1588v2
1588v2
1588v2
PTP
PTP
(BMCA)
PTP PTP
(ITU-T) 1588v2
Q13/15 ITU-T
1
G.8261/
G.8262/G.8264
G.8260/G.8265/G.8265.1
1588v2
1.2 1588v2
(TDM)
1588v2ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
52 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
58
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF2.VFT6PPS/P
(SDH)(PDH)
2G
(RAN)
TDM
3G
TDM
(TDD) 3G
1588v2
(GNSS)
(UTC)
PTP
GNSS
2 ITU-T
/
/
2
3~5
1588v2[2]
2 1588v2
2.1 1588v2
3G
PTP
BC TC
PTP (PTP
Slave) PTP
(PTP Master)
PTP Slave PTP
Master [3]
3
2.2 1588v2
3
BCEECOC
PDVPEC
PRTC
ESMCTC
1 ITU-T Q13/15
GSMUMTSFDD
TDDCDMA
TD-SCDMA
WiMAXUTRALTE
2 /
G.8265.1PTP (OC )
G.8265
G.8264 ESMC
G.8262EEC
G.8263PEC
G.8261.2
G.8261.1 PDV
G.8261
G.8265.2
G.826x
G.8275.1PTP (BC )
G.8275
G.8274OC(Slave)
G.8271.1 PDV
G.8271
G.8275.2
/G.827x
G.8271.2
G.8272PRTC
G.8273BC/TC
G.8260
/
50 ppb
GSMUMTS-FDDUMTS-TDDCDMA 2000TD-SCDMALTE
5
4
3
2
1
1s
1~1.5s
1.5~5s
5~100s
5~500ms
WiMAX-TDD()
UTRA-TDDLTE-TDD
LTE-TDDWiMAX-TDD
IP
1588v2ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
53Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
59
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF2.VFT6PPS/P
PTP Slave
50 ppb 2
PTP Slave
50 ppb
16 ppbITU-T G.812 Type I
(FDD)E1
2
ITU-T G.823 traffic
[4]
PTP
Slave 50 ppb
PTP Slave
2 PTP
Slave
1 PTP
(PDV) PDV
1588v2
PDV
PDV
PDV
PDV
PDV
22
(MTIE)
(TDEV)
PDV
4
[5]
PDV
PDV
5[5]
[5]
3 1588v2
PDV
4
5
PDV
( 2 Mbit/2 MHz)
2 1
1588v2 Slave 1588v2
1
1588v2 Master
1588v2 Master
1588v2
( 1588v2 Slave)
PDV
PDV
PDV
PDV
1.17
90
180
1 000
10 000
100
10
1
/
/s
0.00 1.00 10.36 180.00 2 048.00 1.17/h /s
::596 919 :270.020s
54 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
1588v2ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
60
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF2.VFT6PPS/P
PDV
PDV
MTIETDEV
PDV
minTDEV, percentileTDEV, bandTDEV
xTDEV
/ (MATIE/
MAFE) xTDEV TDEV
MATIE/MAFE
MTIE
TDEV MTIE
TDEV
xTDEV
MATIE/MAFE
[6]
PDV
PDV
PDV
PDV PDV
PTP
Slave PDV PDV
ITU-T G.8261.1
G.8263
2.3 1588v2
1588v2
ITU-T 1588v2
G.8265
G.8265.1 G.8265
G.8265.1 1588v2
G.8265
[7]
Master Slaver
SDH
Slave
Master
Slave
(QL)
VLAN
G.8265.1 PTP
Slave Telecom
Slave PTP Master
Grandmaster(GM)
G.8265.1
GM 1588v2
PTP
GM GM
Telecom Slave
GM GM GM
GM GM PTP
PTP 6
[8]
Telecom Slave
PTP Master Telecom
Slave PTP
Slave Master
Telecom Slave PTP
Telecom Slave
PTP
OC
(SOOC)
SOOC
GM
Slave
7[8]
Telecom Slave GM
SOOC
Announce Sync/Delay_Resp
GM SOOC
Announce Sync/Delay_Resp
Announce GM clockClass
G.8265.1 PTP
clockClass (80110)
clockClass QL GM
PTP
6 G.8265.1
1()PTP =X
G.8265.1 1 G.8265.1 2 G.8265.1 M
2()PTP =X
N ()PTP =X
PTP
1588v2ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
55Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
61
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF2.VFT6PPS/P
QL
QL
PTP
SOOC
Announce Sync/Delay_Resp
SOOC
(PTSF) Slave
PTP
PTP PDV Slave
PTSF
Slave GM
PDV
GM GM
GM
ITU-T G.781
Slave PTSF
QL GM QL
GM
GM
3 1588v2
ITU-T 1588v2
3G
(LTE)
3G
3G
(TD-SCDMA) 2000
(CDMA 2000) 3G
GPS
1588v2 3G backhaul
15882v2
ITU-T
8 [9]
(1) (PRTC)
GNSS UTC
[10]
(2) PRTC
PRTC
1PPS+ToD
(3)
(4) Packet
Slave
1PPS+ToD
SOOC PTSF QL
7 Telecom Slave
GM#1:_GM#1GM#2:_GM#2GM#N :_GM#N
GM
GM
Ql AnnouncePTSF Sync/Delay_Resp
SOOC 1 SOOC 2 SOOCN
SOOC
QLPTSF
SOOCPTSF
SOOCQL
Announce Sync/Delay_Resp
1PTP=X
2PTP=X
NPTP=X
56 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
1588v2ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
62
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF2.VFT6PPS/P
8 E
N
A B N
PRTC
C D N
PRTC E
N
1588v2
BC TC TD-SCDMA
1.5 us
1 us
4 1588v2
1588v2
PDV
1588v2
OTN, PTN, xPON/
xDSL
1588v2
5
8
GNSS
[1] IEEE1588-2008. IEEE Standard for aPrecision Clock Synchronization Protocol forNetworked Measurement and ControlSystems[S].2008.
[2] ITU-T G.8261/Y.1361.Timing andSynchronization Aspects in Packet Networks[S].2008.
[3] JOBERT S. Challenges with PTPv2 SlavesPerformance Testing and Network PDVCharacterization[C]//Proceedings of the 7thTime & Synchronisation in TelecomsSymposium (ITSF09), Nov 3-5, 2009,Rome, Italy.2009.
[4] FDD node B CES Wander Requirements forG.8261 Deployment Case 2, Application B[C]// ITU-T Q13/15 Meeting,Apr,2008, Miami,FL,USA. 2008.
[5] Latest Draft of New RecommendationG.8260 (for consent) [C]// ITU-T SG15Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva,
Switzerland.2010.[6] xTDEV/MAFE Definitions and Usage for
G.8260 Appendix[C]// ITU-T Q13/15Meeting, Mar 2010, San Jose,CA,USA. 2010.
[7] Architecture and Requirements for PacketBased Frequency Delivery (for consent) [C]//ITU-T SG15 Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva, Switzerland.2010.
[8] IEEE1588 Profile for Telecom (frequencydelivery without support from networknodes) (for consent) [C]// ITU-T SG15Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva,Switzerland.2010.
[9] G.pactiming-bis (G.8271) latest draft ITU-TSG15 Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva, Switzerland.2010.
[10] YD-T 2022-2009. [S].2009.
2011-05-21
A B C D E
( GNSS
)
N( GNSS)
/ /
1588v2ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
57Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
Strathclyde 40 4
2009 7103
SDHMSTPPTN10
ZXR1O T8000 100G
2011 6 14
100G EANTC 100G
(EANTC)100G
ZXR10 T8000 (M600016)
EANTC
T8000 IP 2009
T8000 M6000 BMSG
Internet
63
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\LEC.VFT5PPS/P
11
TN929.5 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0058-05
(OFDM)
OFDM 100 Gbit/s
3 1 2
3
[]
(, 1000871)
ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL
1
(OFDM)[1-2]
(ISI)
OFDM
R.W. Chang 1966
OFDM 1969
Weinsten
(IDFT)/(DFT)
OFDM 1980
3
OFDM [2]
OFDM 1995
Telatar Foschini
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
20 80
OFDM
1985
Cimini OFDM
1987 Lassalle Alard
OFDM 1991
Cioffi OFDM
(DSL)
OFDM
1995 OFDM
(DAB)
OFDM
(DVB)
(Wi-Fi) (IEEE 802.11a/g)
(WiMAX)(802.16e)
(ADSL) (ITU G.992.1)
(LTE)[3-4]
OFDM
1996
2001
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM(CO-OFDM) NEC
101 Tbit/s OFDM [3]
165 km
128 QAM
11 BPS/Hz
OFDM
(SCFDM) 1
Tbit/s
160 km
(MIMO)
(
) OFDM
107 Gbit/s [4]
:
(FDM)/(WDM)
OFDM
OFDM
(PON)
(EPON)(GPON)
58 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
64
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\LEC.VFT5PPS/P
ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL
10 Gbit/s PON
PON
NEC OFDM
(OFDM-PON)[5]
(DSP)
100 Gbit/s
NTT
[6]
OFDM
(WSS)
OFDM
2 OFDM 1 OFDM
IDFT DFT
(S/P)
IDFT
IDFT
(CP),(P/S)
(DAC)
OFDM
IQ
(RF)
OFDM
IQ
DFT
(FFT)
OFDM
ISI (ICI)
OFDM
DFT
OFDM
ISI DFT
ICIOFDM
DFT
ISI ICI
3 OFDMOFDM
OFDM DSP DSP
OFDM
OFDM
(IM-DD)
OFDM
IM-DD
DSP
DSP
OFDM
[2]
OFDM
OFDM
3
OFDM[2]
3.1 OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
(HDTV)DSLWi-Fi
WiMAXOFDM
NEC 2008
(OFC)
10 Gbit/s OFDM
[7]
OOK OFDM
OFDM
59Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
CP DFT IDEF P/S S/P
1 OFDM
S/P
IDFT
CP
P/S
CP
DFT
S/P
P/S
65
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\LEC.VFT5PPS/P
[8-14]
OFDM
RF
OFDM
OFDM OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM [15]
OFDM
OFDM (DCO-OFDM)
OFDM
(ACO-OFDM)
3.2 OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
(DD-OOFDM) CO-OFDM
2001
OFDM
OFDM
[15]
-(MZI)
[16] DSP
[17-18]
DD-OOFDM
OFDM
CO-OFDM
OFDM IQ
OFDM
OFDM IQ
CO-OFDM
4
DD-OOFDM
OFDM PD
OFDM
DD-OOFDM
CO-OFDM
90
CO-OFDM
DD-OOFDM CO-OFDM
DSP
OFDM
(PMD) CO-OFDM
DSP
DD-OOFDM
MZ
CO-OFDM
MZ
CO-OFDM
1 Tbit/s
CO-OFDM
NTT
[19-21] OFC 2011
11.2 Tbit/s
CO-OFDM [22]
1 Tbit/s
100 Gbit/s
OFDM
-
[23-24]
D. Hillerkuss1
26 Tbit/s OFDM
[23]
ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL
60 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
66
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\LEC.VFT5PPS/P
3.3 MIMO-OFDM
THz
MIMO
MIMO-OFDM
MIMO
OFDM
MIMO
OFDM
OFDM
MIMO
A.Tarighat
2007 Communication
Magazine [24]
(MMF)(FMF)
MIMO
MMF FMF MIMO
MIMO
OFDM
[25-29] OFDM
MIMO
MIMO 2007
MIMO-OFDM [30]
MIMO-OFDM
2011 OFC
NEC 355
km PDM-128
QAM-OFDM 101.7 Tbit/s
[3]
3.4 OFDM
OFDM
IQ
OFDM
OFDM
OFDM
[31-35]
OFDM
SCFDM SCFDM LTE
SCFDM OFDM
100 Gbit/s SCFDM
1 850 km, 1 Tbit/s
SCFDM
160 km
4
ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL
61Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174
[1] SHIEH W, DJORDJEVIC I. OFDM for OpticalCommunications [M]. Burlington, MA, USA:Academic Press/Elsevier, 2010.
[2] ARMSTRONG J. OFDM for OpticalCommunications [J].Journal of LightwaveTechnology, 2009, 27(3): 189-204.
[3] JINNO M, TAKARA H, KOZICKI B, et al.Spectrum-Efficient and Scalable ElasticOptical Path Network: Architecture, Benefits,
and Enabling Technologies [J].IEEECommunications Magazine, 2009, 47(11):66-73.
[4] CVIJETIC N, QIAN D, HU J. 100 Gb/s OpticalAccess Based on Optical OrthogonalFrequency-Division Multiplexing[J]. IEEECommunications Magazine, 2010, 49(7):70-77.
[5] LI A, AMIN A A, CHEN X,et al. Reception ofMode and Polarization Multiplexed 107-Gb/sCO-OFDM Signal Over a Two-Mode Fiber[C]//Proceedings of the Conference onOptical Fiber Communication/National FiberOptic Engineers Conference ( OFC/NFOEC11) ,Mar 6-11, 2011, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2011:PDPB8.
[6] QIAN D, HUANG M, IP E,et al.101.7-Tb/s(370294-Gb/s) PDM-128QAM-OFDMTransmission over 355-km SSMF UsingPilot-Based Phase Noise Mitigation[C]//Proceedings of the Conference on OpticalFiber Communication/National Fiber OpticEngineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC11),Mar6-11, 2011, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2011: PDPB5.
[7] CVIJETIC N, WANG T. WiMAX overFree-Space Optics-Evaluating OFDMMulti-Subcarrier Modulation in OpticalWireless Channels[C]//Proceedings of theIEEE Sarnoff Symposium,Mar 27-28,2006,Princeton, NJ ,USA. Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE, 2006:4p.
[8] CVIJETIC N,QIAN D,WANG T. 10Gb/sFree-Space Optical Transmission UsingOFDM[C]// Proceedings of the Conferenceon Optical Fiber Communication/NationalFiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC08), Feb 24-28, 2008, San Diego,CA, USA.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2008:3p.
[9] ALAVI S E, REZAIE H, SUPA'AT A S M.Application of OFDM on Integrated Systemof Visible Free Space Optic with PLC[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Asia PacificConference on Applied Electromagnetics(APACE'10), Nov 9-11, 2010, Port Dickson,Malaysia. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2010:5p.
[10] ZHAO Li, LEI Zhiyong, REN Anhu,et al.Research on Light Polarization FSO-OFDMSystem[C]//Proceedings of the 1stInternational Conference on Electrical andControl Engineering (ICECE'10), Jun 25-27,2010, Wuhan, China. Los Alamitos,CA,USA:IEEE Computer Society, 2010:4552-4555.
[11] BEKKALI A, BEN NAILA C, KAZAURA K, etal. Transmission Analysis of OFDM-BasedWireless Services Over TurbulentRadio-on-FSO Links Modeled byGamma-Gamma Distribution[J]. IEEEPhotonics Journal, 2010, 2(3):510-520.
[12] DIMITROV S, HAAS H, CAPPITELLI M, et al.On the Throughput of an OFDM-BasedCellular Optical Wireless System for anAircraft Cabin[C]//Proceedings of the 5thEuropean Conference on Antennas andPropagation (EUCAP11),Apr 11-15,2011,Rome, Italy. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE,2011: 3089-3093.
[13] MARINOS D, AIDINIS C, SCHMITT N, et al.Wireless Optical OFDM Implementation forAircraft Cabin Communication Links[C]//Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International
67
-
D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\LEC.VFT5PPS/P
ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL
62 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4
100
302
152
Symposium on Wireless PervasiveComputing (ISWPC'10), May 5-7, 2010,Modena, Italy. Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEEComputer Society ,2010:465-470
[14] FREDA M M, MURRAY J M,Low-complexity Blind TimingSynchronization for ACO-OFDM-BasedOptical Wireless Communications[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE GLOBECOMWorkshops(GC Wkshps),Dec 6-10,2010,Miami,FL,USA. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE,2010:1031-1036.
[15] Tong Z, Yang Q, Ma Y,et al. 21.4 Gb/sCoherent Optical OFDM Transmission Over200 km Multimode Fiber[J]. ElectronicsLetters, 2008, 44(23): 1373-1374.
[16] LOWERY A J,ARMSTRONG J. 10Gbit/sMultimode Fiber Link Using Power-EfficientOrthogonal-Frequency-DivisionMultiplexing[J].Optics Express,2005, 13(25):10003-10009.
[17] WAN Renwei, TONG Zhengrong, XIEXiaofang, et al. Research on AdaptiveModulation Algorithm of Multimode FiberCommunication System Using CoherentOptical OFDM[C]// Proceedings of the 2010International Conference onCommunications and Mobile Computing(CMC10): Vol 2, Apr 12-14, 2010,Shenzhen, China. Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE, 2010: 26-29.
[18] MA Yiran,TANG Yan, SHIEH W. 107 Gb/sTransmission Over Multimode Fiber withCoherent Optical OFDM Using CenterLaunching Technique[C]//Proceedings of the35th European Conference on OpticalCommunication(ECOC09),Sep 21-23,2009, Vienna, Austria. Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE, 2009:2p.
[19] GUO Y X, PHAM V H, YEE M L, et al.Performance Study of MB-OFDMUltra-Wideband Signals Over MultimodeFiber[C]//Proceedings of the IEEEInternational Conference onUltra-Wideband(ICUWB07), Sep 24-26,2007,Singapore.Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE,2007: 429-431.
[20] EZRA B, LEMBRIKOV Y, RAN B I,et al.Experimental and Theoretical Investigationof the Multiband OFDM Ultra-WidebandRadio Over Multimode Fiber Transmission[C]// Proceedings of the IEEE InternationalConference on Ultra-Wideband(ICUWB08), Sep 10-12,2008, Hannover, Germany.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2008:55-58.
[21] PIZZINAT AURVOAS PCHARBONNIERB. 1.92Gbit/s MB-OFDM Ultra Wide BandRadio Transmission over Low BandwidthMultimode Fiber[C]//Proceedings of theOptical Fiber Communication/National FiberOptic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC07), Mar 25-29, 2007, Anaheim, CA, USA.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2007: OThM6.
[22] TANG J M, LANE P M, SHORE K A.
Transmission Performance of AdaptivelyModulated Optical OFDM Signals inMultimode Fiber Links [J]. IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters, 2006, 18(1): 205-207.
[23] JIN X Q, TANG J M, QIU K,et al. StatisticalPerformance Comparisons of Optical OFDMAdaptive Loading Algorithms in MultimodeFiber-Based Transmission Systems[J].IEEEPhotonics Journal,2010,2(6):1051-1059.
[24] JIN X Q, TANG J M, QIU K,et al.Statistical Investigations of theTransmission Performance of AdaptivelyModulated Optical OFDM Signals inMultimode Fiber Links[J].Journal ofLightwave Technology, 2008, 26(18):3216-3224.
[25] FRANZ B, SUIKAT D, DISCHLER R,et al.High Speed OFDM Data Transmission over5 km GI-Multimode Fiber Using SpatialMultiplexing with 24 MIMO Processing[C]// Proceedings of the 36th EuropeanConference on OpticalCommunication(ECOC10), Sep 19-23,2010, Turin, Italy. Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE, 2010: 3p.
[26] TANG J M, LANE P M, SHORE K A.High-Speed Transmission of AdaptivelyModulated Optical OFDM Signals overMultimode Fibers Using Directly ModulatedDFBs [J].Journal of LightwaveTechnology, 2006, 24(1): 429-441.
[27] WATANABE R, HORIUCHI Y, TANAKA H, etal. Optical Modulation Characteristics of 5.8GHz OFDM Signal with Electro-AbsorptionModulator[C]//Proceedings of the 2002 IEEEInternational Topical Meeting on MicrowavePhotonics (MWP02),Nov 5-8,2002, Awaji ,Japan. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2002:221-224
[28] SHIEH W, BAO H, TANG Y. CoherentOptical OFDM: Theory and Design[J].OpticsExpress,2008, 16(2): 841-859.
[29] SHIEH W, YI X, MA Y, et al. CoherentOptical OFDM: Has Its Time Come? (Invited)[J]. Journal of Optical Networking, 2008, 7(3): 234-255.
[30] YU Jianjun, DONG Ze, XIAO Xin.Gerneration, Transmission and CoherentDetection of 11.2Tb/s (112100Gb/s)Single Source Optical OFDM Superchannel[C]// Proceedings of the Optical FiberCommunication/National Fiber OpticEngineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC11),Mar 6-11, 2011, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2011: PDP6.
[31] QIAN D, YU J, HU J, et al. 10 Gbit/sWDM-SSB-OFDM Transmission over1000 km SSMF Using Conventional DFBLasers and Direct-detection[J].ElectronicsLetters, 2008,44(3): 223-224.
[32] SHIEH W, Q YANG,MA Y. 107 Gb/sCoherent Optical OFDM Transmission over1000-km SSMF Fiber Using OrthogonalBand Multiplexing [J].Optics Express, 2008,
16(9): 6378-6386.[33] JANSEN S L, MORITA I, SCHENK T C W, et
al. Long-Haul Transmission of 1652.5 Gb/s Polarization-Division-Multiplexed OFDMEnabled by MIMO Processing (Invited) [J].Journal of Optical Networking, 2008, 7(2):173-182.
[34] DISCHLER R, BUCHALI F. Transmission of1.2 Tb/s Continuous WavebandPDM-OFDM-FDM Signal with SpectralEfficiency of 3.3 bit/s/Hz over 400 km ofSSMF[C]// Proceedings of the Optical FiberCommunication/National Fiber OpticEngineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC09),Mar 24-26, 2009,San Diego, CA, USA.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2009: PDPC2.
[35] MASUDA1 H, YAMAZAKI E, SANO A, et al.13.5-Tb/s (135 111-Gb/s/ch)No-Guard-Iinterval Coherent OFDMTransmission over 6248 km Using SNRMaximized Second-Order DRA in theExtended L-band[C]//Proceedings of theOptical Fiber Communication/National FiberOptic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC09),Mar 24-26, 2009,San Diego, CA, USA.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2009: PDPB5.
2011-06-07
A1-A3
68
top related