1 end 011 科技英文寫作 ( 二 )-9 english technical writing ( 二 )-9 prof. jeffrey shiang fu...

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END 011END 011 科技英文寫作 科技英文寫作 (( 二二 )-9)-9English Technical Writing (English Technical Writing ( 二二 )-9)-9

Prof. Jeffrey Shiang FuProf. Jeffrey Shiang Fu傅祥 教授傅祥 教授

jeffsfu@gmail.comjeffsfu@gmail.com0987-520-488 / (03)2118-800*57950987-520-488 / (03)2118-800*5795

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MATERIALSMATERIALS

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

Although the second major section Although the second major section of the experimental research of the experimental research report is often called “method”, it is report is often called “method”, it is some times titled some times titled materials and materials and method.method.

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This combined title indicates that This combined title indicates that researchers generally describe researchers generally describe these two aspects these two aspects togethertogether when when they write up their research. That they write up their research. That is they simultaneously describe is they simultaneously describe any equipment or other any equipment or other materials materials they used with each step in their they used with each step in their procedure.procedure.

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In this chapter we examine In this chapter we examine materials description in detail and materials description in detail and learn how to integrate it with the learn how to integrate it with the procedural description.procedural description.

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INFORMATION CONVENTIONSINFORMATION CONVENTIONS

By materials we mean any items By materials we mean any items used to carry out a research used to carry out a research project. They may fall into any of project. They may fall into any of the following categories:the following categories:

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MATERIALSMATERIALS Laboratory equipmentLaboratory equipment Field equipmentField equipment Human or animal subjectsHuman or animal subjects Natural substancesNatural substances Fabricated materialsFabricated materials Surveys, questionnaires and testsSurveys, questionnaires and tests Computer modelsComputer models Mathematical modelsMathematical models

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Ordering Your InformationOrdering Your Information

If the materials you used are well If the materials you used are well known to researchers in your field, known to researchers in your field, it is conventional to identify them it is conventional to identify them only.only.

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However, if you used However, if you used specially specially designeddesigned or unconventional or unconventional materials in your experiment, it is materials in your experiment, it is common to write a detailed common to write a detailed description of them in the report. description of them in the report. In this case, you should include In this case, you should include the following information, in the the following information, in the order given:order given:

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DESCRIBING SPECIALLY DESCRIBING SPECIALLY DESIGNED MATERIALS: DESIGNED MATERIALS: Three StepsThree Steps

A.A. Overview:Overview: This step consists of one This step consists of one or two sentences that give a general or two sentences that give a general idea of the material and the purpose idea of the material and the purpose for which it is intended.for which it is intended.

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B.B. Description of principal parts:Description of principal parts: Here, each major part or Here, each major part or characteristic of the material is characteristic of the material is described in logical sequence.described in logical sequence.

C.C. Functional description:Functional description: This last This last step shows how the various step shows how the various features described in Step B features described in Step B function together.function together.

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Ordering the Description of PrOrdering the Description of Principal Parts incipal Parts －－ Step BStep B

In Step B you describe the principal In Step B you describe the principal features of the material used in features of the material used in your study. There are two main your study. There are two main organizing plans that you can use organizing plans that you can use in this step, depending on your in this step, depending on your material.material.

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ARRANGEMENT PLANS ARRANGEMENT PLANS

FOR DESCRIBING FOR DESCRIBING

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF PRINCIPAL PARTS OF

MATERIALS (STEP B)MATERIALS (STEP B)

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1.1. Spatial arrangement:Spatial arrangement: Describe the Describe the features from top to bottom, front to features from top to bottom, front to back, left to right, from the center to back, left to right, from the center to the outside, or in some other spatial the outside, or in some other spatial way. This arrangement is especially way. This arrangement is especially useful for describing equipment useful for describing equipment consisting of various connected consisting of various connected parts.parts.

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2.2. Functional arrangement:Functional arrangement: Describe the principal features in Describe the principal features in the order in which they function, the order in which they function, from beginning to end. This from beginning to end. This arrangement is best for arrangement is best for describing parts that operate in a describing parts that operate in a fixed sequence.fixed sequence.

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Integrating Materials with Integrating Materials with ProcedureProcedure

The materials used in a study are The materials used in a study are sometimes sometimes described separatelydescribed separately from the procedures.from the procedures.

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This arrangement may be used This arrangement may be used when several different pieces of when several different pieces of conventional laboratory equipment conventional laboratory equipment are used to carry out a routine are used to carry out a routine procedure. This can be seen in the procedure. This can be seen in the following example form the field of following example form the field of chemistry.chemistry.

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A.A. All the aromatic compounds All the aromatic compounds used were commercially used were commercially available materials without available materials without further purification. 2-propanol further purification. 2-propanol was distilled from sodium metal.was distilled from sodium metal.

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The instrumentation used included an The instrumentation used included an HFT-80 and NT-300 spectrometer, a HHFT-80 and NT-300 spectrometer, a Hewlett Packard 5980-A mass spectromewlett Packard 5980-A mass spectrometer, a Waters Associates HPLC Instrueter, a Waters Associates HPLC Instrument, Model 600A, and a Varian Aerogment, Model 600A, and a Varian Aerograph 1400 GC instrument with a 10-ft craph 1400 GC instrument with a 10-ft column containing 15% Carbowax on Cholumn containing 15% Carbowax on Chromosorb W.romosorb W.

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More commonly, however, More commonly, however, materials and methods are materials and methods are described in an described in an integratedintegrated form, form, often with both elements often with both elements mentioned in each sentence. mentioned in each sentence.

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Notice this arrangement in the Notice this arrangement in the following section from the same following section from the same chemistry experiment. (The chemistry experiment. (The materialmaterial mentioned in each mentioned in each sentence is underlined, and the sentence is underlined, and the procedure is circled.) procedure is circled.)

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B.B. 11 Aqueous sodium hydroxideAqueous sodium hydroxide (30g, (30g,

185mL) was cooled in 185mL) was cooled in iceice in a in a 500-500-

mL beakermL beaker, stirred magnetically , stirred magnetically

while 5 g of while 5 g of nickel-aluminum alloynickel-aluminum alloy

was added in several small portions, was added in several small portions,

and gradually warmed to 100 as ℃and gradually warmed to 100 as ℃

required to maintain the hydrogen required to maintain the hydrogen

evolution.evolution.

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22 The The nickelnickel was then allowed to settle, was then allowed to settle,

and the liquid was decanted. and the liquid was decanted.

33 After being washed with 5% fresh After being washed with 5% fresh soso

dium hydroxidedium hydroxide and and distilled waterdistilled water until until

neutral, the neutral, the nickel suspensionnickel suspension was filte was filte

red with a red with a glass funnelglass funnel and then finally and then finally

washed with 100 mL of washed with 100 mL of 2-propanol.2-propanol.

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44 The The catalystcatalyst was transferred with was transferred with

small amounts of small amounts of dry 2-propanoldry 2-propanol to to

a a glass-stoppered bottleglass-stoppered bottle..