10/5 10/5 1. 基礎生態學 (1) - 生物的命名分類、 認識脊椎動物與無脊椎動物...

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10/5 10/5 1.1. 基礎生態學基礎生態學 (1) -(1) - 生物的命名分類、生物的命名分類、 認識脊椎動物與無脊椎動物認識脊椎動物與無脊椎動物

2. 2. 輔助教材影片:吸引力是致命的? 輔助教材影片:吸引力是致命的?

3. 3. 各組繳交期中報告資料-化學荼毒各組繳交期中報告資料-化學荼毒世代討論題目世代討論題目

放射虫

有孔虫

桶狀海綿 ( 海綿動物門: Porifera)

球形海綿

海綿的身體結構 海綿的身體結構 (Barnes et al., 1993)(Barnes et al., 1993)

單溝型單溝型 雙溝型雙溝型 複溝型複溝型

生物的分類界、門、綱、目、科、屬、種

Kingdom: Animalia 動物界Phylum: Mollusca Phylum: Mollusca 軟動物門軟動物門Class: Bivalvia Class: Bivalvia 雙殼綱雙殼綱Order: Osteroida Order: Osteroida 牡蠣目牡蠣目Family: OstreaceaFamily: Ostreacea 牡蠣科牡蠣科Genus: Genus: Crassostrea Crassostrea 牡蠣屬牡蠣屬Species:Species: gigas gigas 牡蠣牡蠣學名 學名 Crassostrea gigasCrassostrea gigas 牡蠣牡蠣

生物界動物門之比例單細胞生物

原生動物真菌

植物

動物

動物界各門總數

節肢

軟體

The living phyla of animals

TerrestrialTerrestrial: : 1 phylum1 phylumOnychophora Onychophora 有爪動物門有爪動物門MarineMarine :: 15 Phyla15 Phyla

Placozoa Placozoa 扁盤動物門;扁盤動物門; Ctenophora Ctenophora 櫛板動物門; 櫛板動物門; Mesozoa Mesozoa 中生動物門;中生動物門; Gnathostomulida Gnathostomulida 顎口動物顎口動物門;門; Kinorhyncha Kinorhyncha 動吻動物門;動吻動物門; Loricifera Loricifera 兜甲動兜甲動物門;物門; Phoronida Phoronida 帚形動物門;帚形動物門; Brachiopoda Brachiopoda 睕足睕足動物門;動物門; Priapulida Priapulida 曳鰓動物門;曳鰓動物門; Sipuncula Sipuncula 星虫星虫動物門;動物門; Echiura Echiura 縊虫動物門;縊虫動物門; Pogonophora Pogonophora 鬚睕鬚睕動物門;動物門; Echinodermata Echinodermata 棘皮動物門;棘皮動物門; ChaetognathChaetognatha a 毛顎動物門;毛顎動物門; Hemichordata Hemichordata 半索動物門半索動物門

• Marine & freshwater : 17 phyla

Porifera 海綿動物門; Cnidaria 刺胞動物門; Platyhelminthes 扁形動物門 ; Nemertina 紐形動物門; Gastrotricha 腹毛動物門; Rotifera 輪虫動物門; Acanthocephala 鉤頭動物門; Entoprocta 內肛動物門; Nematoda 圓虫動物門; Nematomorpha 線虫動物門; Ectoprocta 外肛動物門; Mollusca 軟體動物; Annelida 環節動物門;Tardigrada 緩步動物門; Pentastoma 舌形動物門; Arthropoda 節肢動物門; Chordata 脊索動物門

藤壺、牡蠣與石鱉

Sexuality of musselSexuality of mussel

Systems of sexuality in Systems of sexuality in animalsanimals

Term FormTerm Form Gonochorism Gonochorism 雌雄異體 雌雄異體 Dioecious male or femaleDioecious male or female Hermaphroditism Hermaphroditism 雌雄同體雌雄同體 Simultaneous male/ femaleSimultaneous male/ female Sequential Sequential Protandric Protandric 先雄後雌 先雄後雌 male male

→ female→ female Protogynous Protogynous 先雌後雄 先雌後雄 female female

→ male→ male Sequential alternating with sex reversalSequential alternating with sex reversal

Giant clam spawningGiant clam spawning

海兔

海兔卵團

Mucus feeding of snail

Free living polychaete

股窗蟹 ( 劉 , 1998)

Browsers ( 劉 , 1998)

Crab ( 鄭 ,1998)

Exoskeleton Exoskeleton (Barnes et al., 1993)(Barnes et al., 1993)

Sea urchin

Bristle star 陽燧足

Spine of sea urchin (Pechenik, 1996)

Sea cucumber

Skeleton structure ( 任 , 1995)

Crab development (Pechenik, 1996)

Sea star development (Pechenik, 1996)

Advantages of complex life cycle Advantages of complex life cycle (Barnes et al., 1993)(Barnes et al., 1993)

1.1. Exploitation of the temporary food resource proExploitation of the temporary food resource provided by phytoplanktonic bloomsvided by phytoplanktonic blooms

2.2. Colonization of new habitatsColonization of new habitats

3.3. Expansion of geographical rangeExpansion of geographical range

4.4. Avoidance of catastrophe associated with local Avoidance of catastrophe associated with local habitat failurehabitat failure

5.5. Avoidance of local and sib-competitionAvoidance of local and sib-competition

6.6. Exposure of diverse offspring to the maximum Exposure of diverse offspring to the maximum degree of habitat diversity degree of habitat diversity

7.7. Avoid inbreedingAvoid inbreeding

Cetoscarus bicolor青鸚哥Juvenile to Adult

The color pattern variation

食 , 衣 , 住 , 行 , 育 , 樂 , 為什麼 ?

生殖重要嗎 ??

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