[123doc.vn] nghien cuu thiet ke va che tao may cat nilon thanh soi
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MC LC
Chng 1............................................................................................................................. 1
Mu ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 t vn ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tng quan ................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.1 Gii thiu cng ty Lan Phng Thnh Pht..................................................... 2
1.2.2 Gii thiu sn phm chuyn sn xut ca cng ty ........................................... 3
1.2.3 Gii thiu vsn phm quai g nn ................................................................. 4
1.2.4 Tnh hnh thc t.............................................................................................. 5
1.3 Tnh cp thit ........................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Mc tiu ca ti ..................................................................................................7
1.5 Phng php nghin cu ca ti ........................................................................ 8
1.6 i tng v phm vi nghin cu ........................................................................... 8
Chng 2: ............................................................................................................................ 9
C SL Thuyt ............................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Gii thiu tng quan vbin tn ............................................................................. 9
2.2 ng c c hp s................................................................................................. 12
2.3 Nt nhn (PB Pushbutton) .................................................................................. 132.4 Xch ....................................................................................................................... 14
2.5 Bc n .................................................................................................................. 15
2.6 Gi ( UCP )...................................................................................................... 15
2.7 T in.................................................................................................................. 16
Chng 3: .......................................................................................................................... 17
Thit KV Thi Cng .................................................................................................. 17
3.1 Tnh ton v thit k.............................................................................................. 173.1.1 Xc nh nguyn l cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca my ......................... 17
3.2 Tnh ton, thit k v phc tho phn c kh........................................................ 19
3.2.1 Cm c cu cp liu....................................................................................... 19
3.2.1.1 Rul cp liu............................................................................................ 19
3.2.1.2 Gi trc rul ........................................................................................ 21
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3.2.1.3 La chn liu.............................................................................................. 22
3.2.1.4 Bc n.................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2 Khung chnh v c cu truyn ng ca my................................................ 23
3.2.2.1 Khung chnh ............................................................................................. 23
3.2.2.2 C cu truyn ng ca my.................................................................. 24
3.2.3 Thit k cmc cu dn hng.................................................................... 28
3.2.3.1 Thit k dn hng.................................................................................. 28
3.2.3.2 Np liu vo............................................................................................. 29
3.2.3.3 Zch zc .................................................................................................... 30
3.2.3.4 Np liu ra................................................................................................ 31
3.2.4 Thit k cm c cu ct................................................................................. 31
3.2.4.1 Thanh g dao ............................................................................................ 33
3.2.4.2 Khun cha dao ct................................................................................. 33
3.2.4.3 Trc g dao.............................................................................................. 34
3.2.4.4 Tng .................................................................................................... 35
3.2.4.5 Thanh gi............................................................................................ 36
3.2.5 Thit k cm c dn hng ra....................................................................... 36
3.2.6 Thit k cm c dn hng thu...................................................................... 37
3.2.6.1 Trc cun thu........................................................................................... 37
3.2.6.2 ng c.................................................................................................... 38
Chng 4........................................................................................................................... 41
Kt Lun V Kin Ngh................................................................................................ 41
4.1 Kt lun ................................................................................................................. 41
4.2Nhng hn ch trong qu trnh thc hin.............................................................. 42
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................ 43
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Chng 1
M u
1.1 t vn
Khoa hc k thut th gii ngy cng pht trin v t c nhng thnh tu rtln. Nc ta l nc i sau v khoa hc k thut, nhng nh nhng chnh sch ng n
ca ng v Nh nc nn bit i tt n u nhanh chng tip thutrnh khoa
hc k thut ca th gii, nhanh chng bt kp v nghin cu pht trin nhiu ti c
nh hng n s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh nc nh ni ring v th gii ni
chung.
Vit Nam l nc ang pht trin, tc cng nghip ha hin i ha ngy cng
cao. Mi nm cc sn phm t nilon c sn xut a ra th trng rt nhiu v s tin
li cng nh d s dng ca n, c th p dng trong ngnh bao b, ngnh thc phm,
ngnh th cng nghipvv.Nhng cc sn phm t nilon ch yu l nhp t nc ngoi
v chnh iu ny lm chogi thnh cao. p ng nhu cu tiu dng tng cao, hin
nay trong nc c rt nhiu doanh nghip chuyn sn xut cc sn phm t nilon in
hnh nh: c s Ha Kim, L Hng Phong, Quynvv, p dng nilon vo vic sn
xut gquai nn l, gh ngi, t, gi, cpTuy nhin y ch l cc doanh nghip nh l,
vn p dng cc bin php th cng dng dao ko ct thnh si mt s doanh nghip
khc c p dng my mc nhng ch yu l cc thit b my mcth s sn xut v
vycht lng ca sn phm ca cc doanh nghip ny khng ng u chnh iu ny
to nn s cnh tranh khc lit trn th trng trong gi thnh v cht lng sn
phm lun l nhng vn c t ln hng u.
ng trc nhng yu cu , rt nhiu c s ch bin mnh dn u t h thng
my mc dy chuyn sn xut nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm, ch bin nilon nhm
nng cao nng sut v h gi thnh sn phm. Nhng chi ph ca cc h thng, dy
chuyn ny khng h r v khng phi c s no cng c kh nng u t. Hn na hu
ht cc loi my trn th trng ch yu l nhp t nc ngoi v chnh v vy m chi ph
sn xut rt cao.
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Vn t ra l cn c mtloi my c th nng cao nng sut, gim chi ph nhn
cng v ph hp vi quy trnh sn xut nhng gi thnh phi nm trong kh nng u t
ca cc c s c quy m nh.
Ti cng ty Lan Phng Thnh Pht tuy p dng my mc, thit b vo sn
xut vi mong mun nng cao nng sut v ti u ha sn phm ca mnh,nhng cng ty
vn cn nhiu cng on cha th t ng ha v vn cha tm ra phng n p dng cho
yu cu t cht lng sn phm iu ny gy ra nhng nh hng khng tt n nng
sut cng nh li nhun ca cng ty khi m cht lng sn phm cn phthuc qu nhiu
vo lao ng, quy trnh sn xut mang tnh thcng khng p ng c nhng yu cu
ngy cng cao vcht lng cng nh s lng sn phm. Tnhng thc trng bt li
, ban lnh o cng ty cgng khng ngng nhm nng nhng quy trnh tsn xut
thcng trthnh sn xut tng hoc bn tng, mong mun to c nhng iu
kin tt nht phc vcho spht trin ca cng ty.
Tnhng nhu cu thit yu , ban lnh o cng ty Lan Phng Thnh Pht
t vn vi nhm nghin cu. Nghin cu Thit kv chto my ct nilon thnh
si cho cng ty Lan Phng Thnh Pht.
1.2 Tng quan
1.2.1 Gii thiu cng ty Lan Phng Thnh phtCng ty Lan Phng Thnh Phtl mt cng ty chuyn sn xut cc mt hng dn
dng, phc v i sng hng ngy. Nhng sn phm c sn xut ti cng ty Lan
Phng Thnh Phtbao gm: si g nn, gh, t, ti nilon v nhiu sn phm dn
dng khc. Vi ngun nhn lc trn 100 ngi cng nhn lnh ngh, cng ty Lan
Phng Thnh Pht c thp ng c nhu cu sn xut ca thtrng tiu thtrong
nc cng nh thgii.
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1.2.2 Gii thiu sn phm chuyn sn xut ca cng ty
Cc loi sn phm bn gh.
Hnh 1.1 Bn ghsn sut tnha
Cc loi sn phm quai g nn
Hnh 1.2 Quai g nn
Cc loi sn phm ti nilon
Hnh 1.3 Sn xut ti nilon
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1.2.3 Gii thiu vsn phm quai g nn
Hnh 1.4 Si nilon dng lm quai g nn
Sn phm quai g nn c sn xut t cht liu nha, hin nay ang l mt hng
m th trng trong nc cng nh th giicn rt nhiu, vi s lng n t hng ngy
cng tng cao. y l mt sn phm thuc ngnh th cng nghip. c s dng nh
hnh nn, ng dng trong ngnh bao b
Cc cng on c bn hnh thnh sn phm quai g nn
c thsn xut c thnh nn l phi tri qua 5 cng on nh sau: Chn nilon
si, chn thanh g, nh hnh nn, chn l c, khu nn l, kim tra sn phm, xem c
ng yu cu khng.
Hnh 1.5 Quy trnh sn xut nn l
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1.2.4 Tnh hnh thc t
Hin nay trn thgii c rt nhiu my ct nilon thnh si, tuy nhin khng phi mt
hng sn xut tnilon loi no cng c hoc nu c th gi thnh rt cao i hi ngi
cng nhn phi c trnh nht nh c thvn hnh c my.
i vi vic sn xut nilon thnh si cng ty Lan Phng Thnh Pht ang
c sn xut bng th cng vi vic ct nilon bng ko, chnh iu ny gy ra rt
nhiu kh khn cho doanh nghip bi chi ph u t thu nhn cng qu cao.
1.3 Tnh cp thit
Nha nilon l mt sn phm rt thng dng trn th trng c ng dng rt rng
ri c dng lm bn, gh, th cng m nghTuy nhin loi nhanilon m nhm
ang nghin cu gia cng ct ra y l mt loi nha ph thi, thay v em i ti ch li
th nhm tm hiu ln bn v thit k mt loi my gia cng ct nha nilonthnh si
v bn cho ngi tiu dng vi gi r.
Ct nilon thnh si 6mm nh hnh nn l chi tit quan trng trong vic sn xut
nn l.
Chi tit si: b ngang 6mm, chiu di ct ht cun liu.
Cng on ct si ny hin ang c thc hin th cng, i hi cng nhn phi
dng ko ct, v vy m si ct thng khng u v si dy hay b t . V nhit nng chy ca loi nilon ny l rt thp ch khong 800C nn vic gia cng l rt kh
khn nu dng phng php ct trc hay ct ma st cao u rt kh khn.Cng ty cng
a ra gii php my ct bng trc kt qu si liu vn khng thng kt qu nh hnh
bn di:
Hnh 1.6a Nguyn liu Hnh 1.6b Sn phm
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L do chn gii php
Qua nhiu thng tm hiu nhm pht hin c rt nhiu phng php
c thct nilon thnh si sau y l mt sphng php rt thng dng:
Phng php ct th cng:
cu thnh nn sn phm si 6mm cn tri qua nhiu cng on, nhng
cng on ct si l quan trng nht.
Hnh 1.7 Cng nhn dng ko ct
Cng on ct nilon bng tay ang tn ti rt nhiu nhc im cn chng
ta gii quyt vn ny:
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Vic ct bng tay tn rt nhiu nhn cng, dn ti chi ph sn xut c sn
phm rt cao.
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Sn phm ct ra khng ng u v khng thng lm cho lng sn phm bloi ra tng i ln, dn ti lng ph nguyn liu. Lm gim li nhun ca
cng ty.
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Cng vic ct hon ton th cng khi cng nhn ct li dng vi dao ko v vy
m mc an ton lao ng tng i thp, kh nng ri ro khi ct vo tay l
rt cao.
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Cng vic ct phi dng ko ct nn vic tay b au, chai tay chc chn s xy
ra chnh iu ny lm cho nng sut lao ng gim. Phng php ct bng trc:
Phng php ny cng l gii php ca cng ty Lan Phng Thnh Pht
tuy nhin sn phm m loi my ny lm ra khng t yu cu ca cng ty.
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Hnh 1.8 My ct bng trc
- u im: ct nhanh, ct c nhiu si cng mt thi im.
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Nhc im: si liu ct ra khng thng, trong qu trnh ct sinh ra nhit.
Phng php ct bng n dao:
Phng php ny cng l gii php ca mt s cng ty trong nc chng
hn nh cng ty Plustuy nhin phng php ny cng khng mang li nng sut.
Hnh 1.9My ct bng n dao
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u im: ct nhanh, ct chnh xc, thng v ng u.
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Nhc im: ct c mt si, nng sut khng cao.
T nhng nhc im trn vic tm ra mt phng php c th thay th
cng nhn ct l vn cp thit cn phi lm ngay, nhm mc ch nng cao cht
lng sn phm cng nh nng sut lm vic v phng php ct bng dao l
phng php mang li kt qu tt nht v chnh xc nht. Nhm chn phng
php ct bng dao tuy nhin phng php ct y nhm la chn l ct bng
17 con dao t song song vi nhau.
1.4 Mc tiu ca ti
Thit kv ch to my ct nilon thnh si 6mm. a cng ngh tin tin vo dy
chuyn sn xut, thay th lao ng chn tay bng my mc hin i, tng cao nng xut
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v cht lng sn phm, gim chi ph m doanh nghip phi chi tr cho cng nhn ln.
p ng yu cu cp thit ca cng ty.
1.5 Phng php nghin cu ca ti
Xy dng tng: S dng mi trng internet v sch bo trong th vin
trng, nhm xy dng tng x l tng phn trong h thng.
Tnh ton, m phng: Da trn kin thc tm hiu trn sch Nguynl chi
tit my, Sc bn vt liu, nhm thc hin tnh ton v kch thc cng nh
la chn nguyn vt liu thc hin h thng. Nhm ng thi s dng phn mm
solidwworks thc hin v v m phng h thng.
Thi cng v hiu chnh h thng: Nhm c s h tr ca cc thy
xng thc hnh c kh.
Th nghim thc t: H thng c th nghim ti xng thc hnh c kh.
1.6 i tng v phm vi nghin cu
i tng nghin cu l sn phm quai g nn
Hnh 1.10 Dng coil g nn
sn xut c nn l phi tri qua 6 cng on tuy nhin nhm ch i su vo
nghin cu cng on ct nilon thnh si 6mm.
Hnh 1.11 Quy trnh ct thnh si
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Chng 2
C S L Thuyt
2.1 Gii thiu tng quan vbin tn
Bin tn c th c s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nhng bin tn t
c hiu qucao nht trong ng dng iu khin v cp tc ng c p ng cc
yu cu vcng ngh. Ty vo vic ng dng bin tn trong nhng lnh vc iu khin
khc nhau m hiu qu ca n mang li cho ngi ng dng th hin cc mt khc
nhau. Nh trong gii php ny th n dng iu khin tc ng c.
Nguyn l lm vic ca bbin tn kh n gin. u tin, ngun in xoay chiu
mt pha hay ba pha c chnh lu v lc thnh ngun mt chiu. Cng on ny c
thc hin bi bchnh lu cu diode v tin. Nhvy, hscng sut cos() ca h
bin tn c gi trkhng phthuc vo ti v bng t nht l 0.96. in p mt chiu ny
c bin i (nghch lu) thnh in p xoay chiu ba pha i xng. Cng on ny
hin nay c thc hin thng qua hIGBT (transistor lng cc c cng cch ly) bng
phng php iu chnh rng xung (PWM). Nhtin bcng nghvi xl v cng
nghbn dn cng sut hin nay, tn schuyn mch xung c thln ti di tn ssiu
m nhm gim ting n cho ng c v gim tn tht trn li st ng c.
Hnh 2.1 Nguyn l hot ng bin tn
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Cu trc ca bbin tn bn dn: Bbin tn l thit bbin i ngun in ttn
scnh (thng 50Hz) sang ngun in c tn sthay i cung cp cho ng c xoay
chiu.
in p xoay chiu tn s cnh (50Hz) c chnh lu thnh ngun mt chiu
nhbchnh lu (CL), (c thl khng iu khin hoc bchnh lu iu khin), sau
qua blc v bnghch lu (NL) sbin i thnh ngun in p xoay chiu ba pha c
tn sbin i cung cp cho ng c.
C khnng iu chnh tn stheo gi trtc ci t mong mun.
C khnng iu chnh in p theo tn sduy tr t thng khe hkhng i
trong vng iu chnh momen khng i.
u im ca bin tn
H thng iu chnh tc ng c bng bin tn c kt cu n gin, lm vic
c trong nhiu mi trng khc nhau.
Cho php mrng di iu chnh v nng cao tnh cht ng hc ca hthng
iu chnh tc ng c xoay chiu.
Khnng iu chnh tc ng c ddng.
C khnng p ng cho nhiu ng dng khc nhau.
Cc thit bn lyu cu tc lm vic cao (my li tm, my mi...) Cc c im kthut tiu chun:
Dy tn st0.1 n 400Hz.
Xl tn hiu -10 ~ 10VDC, 0 ~10VDC , 4 ~ 110mA.
Cng giao tip RS - 485.
Thi gian tng gim tc: 0.1 giy n 3600 giy
Phanh hm DC: Tn shot ng 0 ~ 400Hz, thi gian khi ng t0- 25 giy, thi
gian dng, t0 - 25 giyNg ra Analog: Chn tn sng ra hoc gim st dng.
Cc chc nng bo v: Qu ti, qu dng, thp p, qu ti motor, dng r, qu ti, qu
nhit, ngn mch.
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Phm hin th: 8 k t, 5 s, 7 on LED, 8 trng thi LED, tn sch, tn sng ra,
dng ng ra, custom units, gi trtham sci, t, xem li v bo li, Run, Stop, Reset,
Fwd/Rev, Job
Hnh 2.2 Mn hnh iu khin chnh ca bin tn
S kt ni: Nhm sdng bin tn mt pha hoc kt ni bin tn 3 pha vo
220V v ni ng ra vo ng c.
Hnh 2.3 Kt ni bin tn IE5 ca LS
Dng bin tn LS - IE5 vi kch thc nhhn 5% so vi cc sn phm trc .
Vi IE5, vn hnh trln ddng bi 6 phm chc nng v 1 trit p trn mt, ng thi
vn m bo gii hn cc thng sbo vvi 100 thng struy cp.
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Bng 2.1 Thng sbin tn IE5
Thng sci t bin tn
f = 44.80 (mc n nh)
Acc = 0 ( thi gian chy)
Dec = 0 ( thi gian dng)
Drv = 1 (iu khin bng tn hiu)
Frq = 3 (iu khin bng bin trngoi)
P16 = 160 (ci t thng stn sln nht)
P17 = 110 (ci t thng stn sc bn)
2.2 ng c c hp s
Nguyn l hot ng ca ng c l bin nng lng in thnh chuyn ng quay
(in nng thnh c nng).
i lng c trng ca ng c l ln ca Momen xon (vng/pht).
chn ng c cho b truyn trc ht ta phi chn cng sut cn thit.
K hiu:
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K hiu v hnh nh
Hnh 2.4 ng c 1 pha c hp s
2.3 Nt nhn (PB Pushbutton)
Nt nhn l loi kh c in dng ng ngt cc thit b in bng tay. Cc cp
tip im trong nt nhn s chuyn trng thi khi c ngoi lc tc ng, cn khi b lc tc
ng th nt nhn s tr li trng thi c. chnh l im khc bit c bn gia nt nhn
v cng tc.
Trong mch in cng nghip, nt nhn thng c dng khi ng, dng, o
chiu quay ng c thng qua contactor hoc rle trung gian.
Hnh nh v k hiu:
Hnh 2.5 Nt nhn
Cng dng:
Trong h thng dng dng khi ng Start, dng lm nt dng Stop, cng tc
chuyn ch lm vic.
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2.4 Xch
Xch c ng dng rt nhiu trong cc my mc trong cng nghip v s tin dng
ca n, hot ng chnh xc. Ta chn xch DID c m s l A
Cu to v hnh nh
Hnh 2.6 Cu tov hnh nh
Hnh 2.7 Hnh nh thc t mt xch
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2.5 Bc n
Cu to v hnh nh thc t
Hnh 2.8 Cu to
Hnh 2.9 Hnh nh thc t bc n
2.6 Gi ( UCP )
Trong my ct nilon ta x dng gi gip cho cc chi tit ng chuyn ng ddng hn.
Hnh 2.10 Hnh nh thit k gi
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Cu to v hnh nh thc t
Hnh 2.11 Hnh nh thc t v cu to UCP
Thng s k thut ca mt s loi gi ( UCP)
2.7 T in
T in ng vai tr quan trong trong vic vn hnh h thng my mc. Ta chn
loi t mini vung c kch thc 30 X 40 cm.
Hnh 2.12 T in iu khin
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Chng 3
Thit K V Thi Cng
3.1 Tnh ton v thit k
3.1.1 Xc nh nguyn l cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca my
Nguyn l cu to ca hthng my ct nilon
Trong qu trnh tm hiu thc t ti cng ty Lan Phng Thnh Phtnhm tnh
ton chi tit da trn c s l thuyt v thc tin nhu cu ca doanh nghip nhm tm
hiu rt nhiu phng php nhng nhn thy phng php ct bng dao rc giy ph hp
hn c bi nhng u im ca n. Nhm thit k v a ra bn v tng th ca my.
1
5
4
3
1
Hnh 3.1 Hthng ct nilon tng tng th
Hthng ct nilon thnh si c btr nh trong hnh v3.1. Hthng bao gm:
(1) cm c cu cp liu, (2) cm dn hng ct, (3) cm ct liu, (4) dn hng thu, (5)
cm thu liu.
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S khi
Sau khi tri qua qu trnh quan st thao tc ca ngi cng nhn thc hin cng on
ct nilon thnh si. Nhm a ra s khi nguyn l hot ng ca my ct nilon
nh sau:
Nguyn Liu
Cm cp liu
Dn hngct
Cm ct liu Dn hngthu
Cm thu liu
Sn phm
Hnh 3.2 S khi ca my
Chc nng ca tng khi
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Nguyn liu: Cun nilon trn c s dng ct thnh si 6mm c kch
thc D = 550mm, l = 110mm
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Cm cp liu: Nguyn liu s c a n y cp liu cho my hot
ng.
- Dn hng ct: L ni m nguyn liu s i vo u tin, ti y cun nguyn
liu s c p lm thng v to lc cng.
- Cm ct liu: Sau khi cun nguyn liu c lm cng ra s c a vo
cm ct liu ti y nilon s c ct ra thnh tng si nh c b rng 6mm bi
17 con dao t trong dao c thit k sn.
-
Dn hng thu:Sau khi qu trnh ct hon tt th nguyn liu s c thu liqua cm c cu dn hng thu c thit k theo hnh ch u m bo nilon
sau khi ct s i ra ng hng.
-
Cm thu liu:Ti cm ny sau khi nilon c ct thnh si s c thu li
thng qua trc thu liu.
-
Sn phm:Gm cc si nilon c b rng 6mm c qun quanh rul.
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Tm tt hot ng ca my
Cun nilon sau khi c chn lc k m bo dy ph hp s c a
vo cun ru l cp liu cho my. Tip n nguyn liu s i qua cm c cu dn
hng ct y nilon s c lm cng tin cho vic ct c d dng hn, sau
qu trnh ct s din ra. Sau khi ct xong nilon s c a ti cm c cu dn
hng thu v chuyn ti rul thu.
3.2 Tnh ton, thit k v phc tho phn c kh.
3.2.1 Cm c cu cp liu
3.2.1.1 Rul cp liu
Rul cp liu c thit k c th chu c sc nng ca nguyn liu khong 50kg.
T yu cu tnh ton thit k ta tnh ton c kch thc ca trc rul, chn vt liu
gia cng l st c trn, hnh tr.
Ta c:
Cng sut ng c 375W= 0,375KW. Vn tc trc n = 100 vng/pht. Hiu sut
truyn l 100%. Nh vy ti tit din B v C s nhn c cng sut truyn ln lt l
0,125KW v 0,250KW. Bit c [] = 16 kN/cm2; [] = 0.250/m; a = 0.2m; G = 8.103
kN/cm2.
Ngu lc xon tc dng ln A, B, C ln lt l M1,M2, M3.p dng vo cng thcchuyn i:
Ta c:
M1= 1740x0.375/100 = 6,525 N.m
M2= 1740x0.125/100 = 2,175 N.m
M3= 1740x0.250/100 = 4,35 N.m
Biu ni lc:
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Theo iu kin bn:
max [] W
Z
P
M=
30, 2
ZM
D []D3
0,2.[ ]
ZM
D 3
0,2.[ ]
ZM
Vi [] = [] / 2 = 8 kN/cm2, MZ= 4,35 N.m = 435 N.cm, ta c:
D 6,478 cm (1)
Theo iu kin cng:
max [].
Z
P
M
G J=
4.0,1
ZM
G D []D4
.0,1[ ]
zM
G D 4
.0,1[ ]
ZM
G
Vi [] = 0,250/m = 0,00436 Rad/m, MZ= 4,35 N.m = 435 N.cm, G = 8.103kN/cm2
Ta c:
D 3,35 cm (2)
tha mn yu cu (1) v (2), ta chn D = 7 cm.
+ kch thc c th :
r1 = 70 mm, r2= 40 mm, l = 670mm.
nh 3.3 Thit k trc rul cp liu
Hnh 3.4 Hnh nh thc t rulo cp liu
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3.2.1.2 Gi trc rul
Gi trc liu c thit k gm cc khp t do, trn c b tr cc bc n
nhm mc ch cho trc rul chuyn ng nh nhng v d dng cho qu trnh tho lp v
thay th nguyn liu.
Hnh 3.5 Thit k gi trc liu
Hnh 3.6 Hnh nh thc t
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3.2.1.3 La chn liu
La chn liu c lm bng st c dy 10mm, c dng p cht cun liu
nhm mc ch c nh nguyn liu.
Hnh 3.7 Thit k la chn liu
3.2.1.4 Bc n
Ta chn bc n thay th bi v bc n lm n gin ha kt cu v gim bt khi
lng gia cng, chu c mi mn v cbit l kh nng thay th khi sa cha. Trong
b mt ca l c rnh cha du bi trn, c trng quan trng v kch thc ca bc
n l t s chiu di v ng knh trong ca bc n: 9,05,0 d
l
Hnh 3.8Bc n
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Tng th cm c cu cp liu
Tng th cm c cu cp liu bao gm: trc rul, la chn liu, gi trc liu.
1
32
Hnh 3.9 Phc tho tng th cm c cu cp liu
(1)
Gi trc liu, (2) la chn liu, (3) ru l cp liu
M t hot ng ca cm c cu cp liu
Nguyn liu sau khi c cp vo trc rul s c 2 la chn liu p li cho
cht nhm mc ch c nh nguyn liu khng cho dch chuyn, ng thi 2 bn
trc rul c trang b sn cc bc n s lm cho qu trnh chuyn ng ca trc
d dng hn, ( trc rul c thit k trng thi t do d dng cho qu trnh
chuyn ng ).
3.2.2 Khung chnh v c cu truyn ng ca my
3.2.2.1 Khung chnh
Khung chnh c thit k hnh hp chnht, s dng vt liu st hp30x60x1.4
mm. Kt cu khung hnh hp ch nht s gip kh nng chu lc ca khung c tt hn,
ng thi vic lp t my c d dng. Khung chnh l ni lp ng c, trc chnh v
g cc cm c cu dn hng.
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Hnh 3.10 Thit k khung chnh
Hnh 3.11Hnh nh thc t khung chnh
3.2.2.2 C cu truyn ng ca my
Thit k b truyn phn bnh rng cp chm(B hp s ca ng c)
Chn vt liu v phng php nhit luyn:
B truyn chu ti trng nh v trung bnh c th dng thp ti ci thin (ti ri ram
nhit cao), thp thng ha hoc thp c ch to bnh vt. rn b mt
HB
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Bnh rng nh: Thp C50 thng ha, b = 620(N/mm2), ch = 320(N/mm
2), Xc
nh ng sut cho php:
- ng sut tip xc cho php:
'0
. NNtxtx K (3.21)
Trong :
+ 0Ntx
: ng sut tip xc cho php khi bnh rng lm vic lu di, 0Ntx
=
2,6HB
+ 'NK : H s chu k ng sut tip xc
6 0'
td
NN
NK (3.22)
Vi:
N0: S chu k c s ca ng cong mi un,7
0 10N
tdN : S chu k ng sut tng ng
untNNtd 60 (3.23)
Vi:
u: S ln n khp ca bnh rng trong mt vng quay
n: S vng quay trong mt pht ca bnh rngt: Tng s gi lm vic ca bnh rng
t = sgi/ca, sca/ngy, sngy/nm. s nm lm vic= 8.2.260.8 = 33280
Thay vo cng thc, 0NNtd chn'
NK = 1
-
Vy ng sut tip xc cho php:
)/(598230.6,2 21
mmNtx
-
ng sut un cho php:
Bnh rng quay hai chiu ng sut trong rng s thay i i chiu:
nK
KNu
''
14,1 (3.24)
Trong :
1 : Gii hn mi un trong chu k ng sut c xc nh bng cng thc:
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b .45,01
Thp C45: )/(270600.45,0 21 mmN
n :H s bn d tr, chn n = 1,5
K : H s tp trung ng sut chn rng,
K = 1,8
''
NK : H s chu k ng sut un
m
td
NN
NK 0'' (3.25)
Trong :
N0: S chu k c s ca ng cong mi un, bnh rng c ch to bng
thp, 60 10.5N
m: Bc ng cong mi un, i vi thp m = 6
Ntd: S chu k ng sut tng ng c tnh theo cng thc (3.23)
710.4033280.4,101.2.60 td
5,010.40
10.56
7
6''
NK
ng sut un cho php:
)/(708,1.5,15,0.270.4,1
22 mmNu
- ng sut qu ti cho php:
+ ng sut tip xc qu ti cho php:
0
.5,2Ntxtxqt
(3.26)
Bnh rng nh: )/(1300200.6,2.5,2 22
mmNtxqt
+ ng sut un qu ti cho php:
chuq t 8,0 (3.27)
Bnh rng nh: )/(240300.8,0 22
mmNuq t
Chn s b h s ti trng Ksb: Ksb = 1,4
Chn h s chiu rng bnh rng: 3,0A
bA
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Chn cp chnh xc ch to b truyn bnh rng nhanh:
)/(4,02,4.10.6
4,101.150.14,3.2
)1(10.6
2
10.6 441
4
11 smi
AnndV
Chn cp chnh xc ch to bnh rng cp 9
Kim nghim qu ti t ngt:
-
b truyn c kh nng chu qu ti trong thi gian ngn cn kim tra b truyn
qu ti theo iu kin :
txqtqttxtxqt K
uq tqtuuq t K
Trong :
u,tx: L gi tr ng sut un v ng sut tip xc ca b truyn tnh theo ti trngdanh ngha
3144,101.50
58,2.4,1.2,4
2,3.150
10.05,1
.
..)1(
.
10.05,1 36
2
36
1
nb
NKi
iAtx
:qtK H s qu ti ca h thng
M
MKqt
max
Trong :
Mmax: Moment ln nht c th cung cp c cho ng c in
M: Moment xon danh ngha, N.mm
Ta c:
9,1max m
M
M9,3577818831.9,1.9,1max mMM
05,07,730828
9,35778
qt
K
11
7005,0.314 txqttxqt
11 49,305,0.8,69 uq tuq t
Xc nh lc tc dng ln trc:
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)(2162364,0.594120.5941.
)(5941246
7,730828.22
0
21
21
NtgtgPPP
Nd
MPPP
rr
x
Tng th khung chnh v b truyn ng
B truyn ng bao gm cc bnh rng truyn ng v ng c.
Hnh 3.12 Hnh nh thit k tng th khung chnh v b truyn ng
Hnh 3.13 Hnh nh thc t tng th khung chnh v b truyn ng
3.2.3 Thit k cm c cu dn hng.
3.2.3.1 Thit k dn hng.
Cm c cu dn hng c thit k theo hnh zch zc vi cc con ln m bo
cho nguyn liu khi cp vo cho cm ct liu c thng v chnh xc.
Gm c: np liu vo, zch zc, np liu ra.
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3.2.3.2 Np liu vo
Npliu vo c thit k gm 2 con ln pha gia np li vi nhau v 2 con ln
bn hng nhm mc ch qun liu vo trong khung dn hng khi liu i ra ngoi. Khi
m nilon i qua c cu ny th 2 con ln s p cht nh hnh nilon v 2 con ln bn
hng s cun liui vo trong khun np liu. Np liu c gia cng bng st, c dy
10mm, c kh nng chu lc ln.
Hnh 3.14 Thit k np liu vo
Hnh 3.15Hnh thc t chi tit np liu vo
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3.2.3.3 Zch zc
Cm zch zc c thit k gm c 3 con ln c chiu di 190mm c np vo cc
gi m bo cho nguyn liu i qua n d dng v to lc cng cp liu cho cm c
cu ct.
Cm zch zc c thit k gm c 3 con ln, 6 gi ( UCP). Khi nguyn liu i
vo cm, 3 con ln c thit k theo hnh zch zc to lc cng cho liu. Lc ny s
c mt lc rt ln tc ng ln cm c cu ny nhng nh cc gi c b ch sn nn
gim c lc ma st gip cho liu i qua d dng.
Hnh 3.16 Thit k cm c cu zch zc
Hnh 3.17Hnh nh thc t cm c cu zch zc
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3.2.3.4 Np liu ra
Np liu ra c thit k gm 2 con ln pha gia np li vi nhau. Np liu c
gia cng bng st, c dy 10mm, c kh nng chu lc ln.
Hnh 3.18 Thit k np liu ra
Hnh 3.19Hnh thc t np liu ra
3.2.4 Thit k cm c cu ct
Trn thc t c rt nhiu kiu ct nilon thnh si nh kiu ct bng li ca, ct
bng trc, ct bng aTuy nhin nhng kiu ct ny c nhng nhc im nht
nh trong vic ct nilon v n sinh ra nhit rt ln v ng ct khng thng. Trong
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trng hp ny nhm nghin cu tm hiu phng php ct bng dao rc giy, phng
php ny c th gip gii quyt c yu cu t ra v d dng iu chnh.
1
2
3
4
Hnh 3.20 Tng th cm c cu ct
(1)Thanh g dao, (2)Khun cha dao, (3)Tng , (4) Trc g dao
Hnh 3.21 Hnh nh thc t cm c cu ct
M t hot ng ca cm c cu ct liu
Nguyn liu sau khi c lm thng s c a n c cu ct, ti y dao
ct s c iu chnh sao cho hp l bi h thng tng . Trc g dao c thit
k trng thi t do nn n c th gip cho my gim c lc ct ln dao. Khi
nguyn liu i qua th dao dc giy c thit k t sn trong khun dao, gm
17 con dao dc giy t song song cch nhau 6mm ch sn trong khun dao, khi
nilon i ti th n s ct thnh tng si mt. pha di khun dao ta thit k trc
g dao, trc ny c thit k x rnh quanh trc gip lm gim lc ct tip xc
vi dao lm cho qu trnh ct liu c d dng hn.
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3.2.4.1 Thanh g dao
Thanh g dao c thit k theo hnh tr vung c chiu di 360mm, b rng ngang
l 20mx20m, gia cng bng st, 2 u c gn 2 ci gi m bo cho vic iu
chnh g dao c d dng.
Hnh. 3.22 Thit k thanh g dao
Hnh 3.23Hnh nh thc t thanh g dao
3.2.4.2 Khun cha dao ct
Thanh g dao c thit k theo kiu dng khun gm 17 rnh c kch thc 0,6mm
dng t dao vo trong rnh, khong cch gia cc rnh l 6mm m bo cho nguyn
liu i vo va rnh, pha trn khun c thit k gm ch U gip cho vic tho lp v
thay dao d dng. Khun cha dao c gia cng bng st siu cng m bo v
cng v khong cch gia cc rnh t mc chnh xc cao nht c th.
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Hnh 3.24 Thit k khun cha dao
Hnh 3.25Hnh nh thc k khun cha dao
3.2.4.3 Trc g dao
Trc g dao c thit k theo kiu tr trn c th xoay gim lc ct ca my,
gip cho qu trnh ct d dng hn. Trc g dao c gia cng bng st ng knh D =
40mm, khong cch gia cc rnh l b = 0.7mm (gm 17 rnh), b rng ca cc rnh l
6mm, hai u c tin trn g gi v y l trc xoay.
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Hnh 3.26 Thit k trc g dao
Hnh 3.27 Hnh nh thct trc g dao
3.2.4.4 Tng
Tng cthit k theo kiu ch U ngc gip cho thanh g dao c c nh
chc chn khi my chy.
Hnh 3.28 Tng
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3.2.4.5 Thanh gi
Thanh gi c thit kt theo kiu ch U ngc m bo s chc chn. S dng
st 40x40mmc chiu di l = 13 mm.
Hnh 3.29 Thit k Thanh gi
3.2.5 Thit k cm c dn hng thu
Cm c cu dn hng ra c thit k gm 4 con ln pha gia np li vi nhau
v 2 con ln bn hng nhm mc ch qun liu ra trong khung dn hng khi liu ira
ngoi. Cm dn hng thuc gia cng bng st, c dy 10mm, c kh nng chu
lc ln.
Hnh 3.30 Thit k cm c cu dn hng thu
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Hnh 3.31 Hnh nh thc t c cu dn hng thu3.2.6 Thit k cm c dn hng thu
3.2.6.1 Trc cun thu
Rul thu liu c thit k c th chu c sc nng ca nguyn liu khong 30kg ,
t yu cu thit k ta tnh ton c kch thc ca trc, vt liu gia cng l st c
trn, hnh tr, c x rnh a liu vo gip cho cun liu c g chc chn.
+ kch thc c th :
r1 = 50mm, r2= 70mm, l = 500mm.
Hnh 3.32 Thit k cun thu rul
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Hnh 3.33Hnh nh thc t cun thu rul
3.2.6.2 ng c
Gi N- cng sut lm vic, l hiu sut chung, ctN l cng sut cn thit, th: chn ng c in cn tnh cng sut cn thit:
Gi:
N- cng sut bng ti
- hiu sut chung
Nct- cng sut cn thit:
Ta c:
ct
NN
Trong :
1000
PvN
T yu cu ca doanh nghip, ta c cc thng s sau:
-
Vn tc ca bng ti v = 0,5 m/s.
-
P lc ko xch ti P = 300 N.
Vy ta c:
Trong :
WkWPv
N 15015.01000
5.0*300
1000
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- Hiu sut ca cc b truyn:
21*
1 = 0,94 Hiu sut b truyn xch
2 = 0,99 Hiu sut ca mt cp ln.
= 0,94 * 0,99 = 0,93
WNct 3,16193,0
150
Nh vy thun tin trong vic g t ng c v kt cu nhgn ca h thng,
nn ng c c thit k truyn ng vi con ln qua xch ti. Da vo thng s tnh
ton v th trng nhm la chn ng c c gim tc qua hp s ca hng
ORIENTAL (Japan) vi thng skthut nh sau: AC 200-240V, 1200-1700rpm, cng
sut Hp (375w), hsgim tc ca hp s170 ln.
Sau khi tnh ton chn ng c qua b phn gim tc c s vng quay 100
vng/pht.
Thit ktrc qun thanh D = 70mm.
Cun nilon c l = 100-150m.
Nh vy cng sut lm vic ca my t c l: 15-20pht/1 cun. p ng ng yu
cu nh sn xut mong mun.
-
Tstruyn:
Chn Z1= 20 rng, Z2 = 20 rng.
Tstruyn 1:1 nh vy bng vi cng sut quay ca ng c l 100 vng/pht t
cng sut ca my ct t bng cng sut ng c.
Hnh 3.34Hnh nh thc t ng c1 pha
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Hnh nh tng th cm c cu thu liu1
2
3
Hnh 3.35Hnh nh tng th cm thu liu
(1)Xch (2) rul thu liu (3) ng c
Nguyn l hot ng ca cm thu liu
Nguyn liu sau khi c ct v a vo cm c cu thu liu n s c
rul thu liu thu li nh xch ti v ng c.
Hnh 3.36 Bn vthit khon chnh my ct nilon thnh si
Hnh 3.37 Hnh nh thc t thi cng
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Chng 4
Kt Lun V Kin Ngh
4.1 Kt lun
- thit kv chto thnh cng my ct nilon thnh si 6mm cho cng ty LanPhng Thnh Pht, si dy ct ra di, thng, p ng c yu cu ca doanh
nghip.
- Hin nay my chy thnghim ti xng c kh ca trng v ban u thu
c mt skt qukhquan. My chy n nh, ct chnh xc, si ct ra u.
- My hot ng n nh vi nng sut 5 cun sn phm/gi. D s dng v bo
dng, thn thin vi mi trng.
Hnh 4.1Hnh nh thc t myhon thin
Hnh 4.2 Hnh nh thc t sn phm ct ra t yu cu
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4.2Nhng hn ch trong qu trnh thc hin
-
Hu ht cc chi tit ca my khng c sn trn th trng, nhm phi t gia
cng v ch to.
-
Chi ph vt t tng cao, v th nhm phi cn nhc, la chn k cng nguyn
vt liu nhm bo bn vng nhng cng phi c tnh kinh t.
So snh hiu qu kinh t ca my so vi cng nhn
Ch tiu nh
giMy ct nilon 1 cng nhn 10 cng nhn
1 gilm vic 5 cun sn phm 0,5 cun sn phm 5 cun sn phm
1ca lm vic (8
gi)40 cun (gii lao) 4 cun (gii lao) 40 cun (gii lao)
Chi ph 600.000/thng 4tr/thng 35tr/thng
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TI LIU THAM KHO
[1].Lu c Bnh (12-2005), Gio trnh cng ngh ch to my,khoa C Kh, Trng
H Bch Khoa Nng.
[2].Trnh Cht L Vn Uyn, Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh Tp 1, Nh xut
bn gio dc, 1999.
[3] Trn Hu Qu(chbin) (2007), Vkthut c kh (tp 1), Nxb Gio dc.
[4] Trn Hu Qu(chbin) (2007), Vkthut c kh (tp 2), Nxb Gio dc.
Tham kho trang Web
[5] http://www.omron.com.vn
[6] http://www.trangthietbidien.vn
[7] http://www.ufo.com.vn
[8] http://www.tienphat-automation.com
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