13. postprocessing - fem.unicamp.brlafer/im437/cap13.pdf · postprocessing...path operations...
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13.
Post
proc
essi
ng
Post
proc
essi
ngO
verv
iew
�Th
ere
are
man
y w
ays
to re
view
resu
lts in
the
gene
ral
post
proc
esso
r (PO
ST1)
, som
e of
whi
ch h
ave
alre
ady
been
co
vere
d.
�In
this
cha
pter
, we
will
exp
lore
two
addi
tiona
l met
hods
�qu
ery
pick
ing
and
path
ope
ratio
ns �
and
also
intr
oduc
e yo
u to
the
conc
epts
of r
esul
ts tr
ansf
orm
atio
n, e
rror
est
imat
ion,
an
d lo
ad c
ase
com
bina
tion.
�To
pics
cov
ered
:A
. Q
uery
Pic
king
D.
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
B.
Res
ults
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emE.
Loa
d C
ase
Com
bina
tions
C.
Path
Ope
ratio
nsF.
Wor
ksho
p
Post
proc
essi
ngA
. Q
uery
Pic
king
�Q
uery
pic
king
allo
ws
you
to �
prob
e� th
e m
odel
for s
tres
ses,
di
spla
cem
ents
, or o
ther
resu
lts q
uant
ities
at a
ny p
icke
d lo
catio
n.
�Yo
u ca
n al
so q
uick
ly lo
cate
the
max
imum
and
min
imum
va
lues
of t
he it
em b
eing
que
ried.
�A
vaila
ble
only
thro
ugh
the
GU
I (no
com
man
ds):
�G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Que
ry R
esul
ts >
Nod
al o
rEle
men
t orS
ubgr
id
Solu
...�
Cho
ose
a re
sults
qua
ntity
and
pre
ss O
K
Pow
erG
raph
ics
OFF
Pow
erG
raph
ics
ON
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Que
ry P
icki
ng
�Th
en p
ick
any
poin
t in
the
mod
el to
see
the
resu
lts v
alue
at t
hat
poin
t.�
Min
and
Max
will
sho
w th
e va
lue
at th
e m
inim
um a
nd
max
imum
poi
nts.
�U
se R
eset
to c
lear
all
valu
es a
nd s
tart
ove
r.�
Not
ice
that
the
entit
y nu
mbe
r, its
loca
tion,
and
the
resu
lts
valu
e ar
e al
so s
how
n in
the
Pick
er.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Que
ry P
icki
ng
�D
emo:
�C
ontin
ue fr
om th
e la
st m
ulti-
load
-ste
p so
lutio
n of
rib.
db�
Plot
SEQ
V fo
r loa
d st
ep 1
�Q
uery
�N
odal
Solu
� SE
QV
at s
ever
al lo
catio
ns, i
nclu
ding
MIN
& M
AX.
(S
witc
h to
full
grap
hics
if n
eede
d.)
�Sw
itch
toPo
wer
Gra
phic
san
d qu
ery
�Sub
grid
Sol
u.�
Post
proc
essi
ngB
. R
esul
ts C
oord
inat
e Sy
stem
�A
ll di
rect
ion-
depe
nden
t qua
ntiti
es th
at y
ou v
iew
in P
OST
1,
such
as
com
pone
nt s
tres
ses,
dis
plac
emen
ts, a
nd re
actio
n fo
rces
, ar
e re
port
ed in
the
resu
lts c
oord
inat
e sy
stem
(RSY
S).
�R
SYS
defa
ults
to 0
(glo
bal C
arte
sian
). T
hat i
s, P
OST
1 tr
ansf
orm
s al
l res
ults
to g
loba
l Car
tesi
an b
y de
faul
t, in
clud
ing
resu
lts a
t �ro
tate
d� n
odes
.
�B
ut th
ere
are
man
y si
tuat
ions
�su
ch a
s pr
essu
re v
esse
ls
and
sphe
rical
str
uctu
res
�w
here
you
nee
d to
che
ck th
e re
sults
in a
cyl
indr
ical
, sph
eric
al, o
r oth
er lo
cal c
oord
inat
e sy
stem
.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Res
ults
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
em
�To
cha
nge
the
resu
lts C
S to
a
diffe
rent
sys
tem
, use
:�
Gen
eral
Post
proc
> O
ptio
ns fo
rOut
p��
or th
e R
SYS
com
man
d
All
subs
eque
nt c
onto
ur p
lots
, lis
tings
, que
ry p
icks
, etc
. will
re
port
the
valu
es in
that
sys
tem
.
Def
ault
orie
ntat
ion
RSY
S,0
Loca
l cyl
indr
ical
sy
stem
RSY
S,11
Glo
bal c
ylin
dric
al
syst
em R
SYS,
1
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Res
ults
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
em
�R
SYS,
SOLU
�Se
ts th
e re
sults
CS
to �
as-c
alcu
late
d.�
�A
ll su
bseq
uent
con
tour
plo
ts, l
istin
gs, q
uery
pic
ks, e
tc. w
ill
repo
rt th
e va
lues
in th
e no
dal a
nd e
lem
ent c
oord
inat
e sy
stem
s.�
DO
F re
sults
and
reac
tion
forc
es w
ill b
e in
the
noda
l CS.
�St
ress
es, s
trai
ns, e
tc. w
ill b
e in
the
elem
ent C
S. (
The
orie
ntat
ion
of th
e el
emen
t CS
depe
nds
on th
e el
emen
t typ
e an
d th
e ES
YS a
ttrib
ute
of th
e el
emen
t. M
ost s
olid
ele
men
ts,
for e
xam
ple,
def
ault
to g
loba
l Car
tesi
an.)
�N
ot s
uppo
rted
by
Pow
erG
raph
ics.
Post
proc
essi
ngC
. Pa
th O
pera
tions
�A
noth
er w
ay to
revi
ew re
sults
is v
ia p
ath
oper
atio
ns, w
hich
al
low
you
to:
�m
ap re
sults
dat
a on
to a
n ar
bitr
ary
�pat
h� th
roug
h th
e m
odel
�pe
rfor
m m
athe
mat
ical
ope
ratio
ns a
long
the
path
, inc
ludi
ng
inte
grat
ion
and
diffe
rent
iatio
n�
disp
lay
a �p
ath
plot
� �
see
how
a re
sult
item
var
ies
alon
g th
e pa
th
�A
vaila
ble
only
for m
odel
s co
ntai
ning
2-D
or 3
-D s
olid
el
emen
ts o
r she
ll el
emen
ts.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Path
Ope
ratio
ns
�Th
ree
step
s to
pro
duce
a p
ath
plot
:�
Def
ine
a pa
th�
Map
dat
a on
to th
e pa
th�
Plot
the
data
1. D
efin
e a
Path
�R
equi
res
the
follo
win
g in
form
atio
n:�
Poin
ts d
efin
ing
the
path
(2 to
100
0).
You
can
use
exis
ting
node
s or
loca
tions
on
the
wor
king
pla
ne.
�Pa
th c
urva
ture
, det
erm
ined
by
the
activ
e co
ordi
nate
sys
tem
(C
SYS)
.�
A n
ame
for t
he p
ath.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Path
Ope
ratio
ns
1. D
efin
e a
Path
(con
t�d)
�Fi
rst a
ctiv
ate
the
desi
red
coor
dina
te s
yste
m (C
SYS)
.�
Gen
eral
Post
proc
> Pa
th O
pera
tions
> D
efin
e Pa
th >
By
Nod
esor
On
Wor
king
Pla
ne�
Pick
the
node
s or
WP
loca
tions
that
form
the
desi
red
path
, an
d pr
ess
OK
�C
hoos
e a
path
nam
e. T
henS
ets
and
nDiv
field
s ar
e be
st le
ft to
def
ault
in m
ost c
ases
.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Path
Ope
ratio
ns
2. M
ap D
ata
onto
Pat
h�
Gen
eral
Post
proc
> Pa
th O
pera
tions
> M
ap o
nto
Path
� (
or P
DEF
com
man
d)�
Cho
ose
desi
red
quan
tity,
suc
h as
SX.
�En
ter a
labe
l for
the
quan
tity,
to b
e us
ed o
n pl
ots
and
listin
gs.
�Yo
u ca
n no
w d
ispl
ay th
e pa
th if
nee
ded.
�G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Path
Ope
ratio
ns >
Plo
t Pat
hs�
(or i
ssue
/PBC
,PAT
H,1
follo
wed
by
NPL
OT
or E
PLO
T)
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Path
Ope
ratio
ns
3. P
lot t
he D
ata
�Yo
u ca
n pl
ot p
ath
item
s ei
ther
on
a gr
aph:
�PL
PATH
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Path
Ope
ratio
ns >
On
Gra
ph...
�or
alo
ng p
ath
geom
etry
:�
PLPA
GM
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Path
Ope
ratio
ns >
On
Geo
met
ry...
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Path
Ope
ratio
ns
�A
NSY
S al
low
s yo
u to
def
ine
mul
tiple
pat
hs, e
ach
with
a
uniq
ue n
ame
that
you
ass
ign.
O
nly
one
path
can
be
activ
e at
a ti
me.
�B
esid
es p
lots
and
list
ings
, the
re a
re m
any
othe
r pat
h ca
pabi
litie
s, in
clud
ing:
�St
ress
linea
rizat
ion
�us
ed in
the
pres
sure
ves
sel
indu
stry
to d
ecom
pose
str
ess
alon
g a
path
into
its
mem
bran
e an
d be
ndin
g co
mpo
nent
s.�
Cal
culu
s fu
nctio
ns �
used
in fr
actu
re m
echa
nics
to
calc
ulat
e J-
inte
gral
s an
d st
ress
con
cent
ratio
n fa
ctor
s.
Als
o us
eful
in th
erm
al a
naly
ses
to c
alcu
late
the
heat
lost
or
gai
ned
acro
ss a
pat
h.�
Dot
pro
duct
s an
d cr
oss
prod
ucts
�us
ed w
idel
y in
el
ectr
omag
netic
s an
alys
es to
ope
rate
on
vect
or
quan
titie
s.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Path
Ope
ratio
ns
�D
emo:
�C
ontin
ue w
ith ri
b po
stpr
oces
sing
��
Plot
nod
es, t
hen
switc
h to
CSY
S,1
if de
sire
d�
Def
ine
a pa
th u
sing
nod
es�
Map
SX
or S
EQV
or o
ther
dat
a on
to p
ath
�Pl
ot th
e pa
th it
self
�Pl
ot th
e pa
th it
em o
n gr
aph
and
on g
eom
etry
�D
efin
e a
seco
nd p
ath
else
whe
re in
the
mod
el a
nd s
how
how
to to
ggle
be
twee
n th
e tw
o.
Post
proc
essi
ngD
. Er
ror E
stim
atio
n
�Th
e fin
ite e
lem
ent s
olut
ion
calc
ulat
es s
tres
ses
on a
per
-el
emen
tbas
is, i
.e, s
tres
ses
are
indi
vidu
ally
cal
cula
ted
in e
ach
elem
ent.
�W
hen
you
plot
nod
alst
ress
con
tour
s in
PO
ST1,
how
ever
, you
w
ill s
ee s
moo
th c
onto
urs
beca
use
the
stre
sses
are
ave
rage
dat
the
node
s.
If yo
u pl
ot th
e el
emen
t sol
utio
n, y
ou w
ill s
eeun
aver
aged
data
, w
hich
sho
ws
the
disc
ontin
uity
bet
wee
n el
emen
ts.
Elem
1El
em 2
σ avg
= 11
00
σ=
1200
σ=
1000 σ a
vg=
1200
σ=
1300
σ=
1100
�Th
e di
ffere
nce
betw
een
aver
aged
and
unav
erag
edst
ress
es g
ives
an
indi
catio
n of
how
�go
od�
or h
ow �
bad�
th
e m
esh
is.
This
is th
e ba
sis
for e
rror
es
timat
ion.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
�Er
ror e
stim
atio
n is
ava
ilabl
e on
ly in
PO
ST1
and
is v
alid
onl
y fo
r: �lin
ear s
tatic
str
uctu
ral a
nd li
near
ste
ady-
stat
e th
erm
al a
naly
ses
�so
lid e
lem
ents
(2-D
and
3-D
) and
she
ll el
emen
ts�
full
grap
hics
(not
Pow
erG
raph
ics)
If th
ese
cond
ition
s ar
e no
t met
, AN
SYS
auto
mat
ical
ly tu
rns
off e
rror
est
imat
ion
calc
ulat
ions
.
�To
man
ually
act
ivat
e or
dea
ctiv
ate
erro
r est
imat
ion,
use
�ER
NO
RM
,ON
/OFF
�or
Gen
eral
Post
proc
> O
ptio
ns fo
rOut
p...
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
�PO
ST1
calc
ulat
es th
e fo
llow
ing
erro
r mea
sure
s.�
Stre
ss a
naly
sis:
�pe
rcen
tage
err
or in
ene
rgy
norm
(SEP
C)
�el
emen
t str
ess
devi
atio
ns (S
DSG
)�
elem
ent e
nerg
y er
ror (
SER
R)
�m
axim
um a
nd m
inim
um s
tres
s bo
unds
(SM
XB, S
MN
B)
�Th
erm
al a
naly
sis:
�pe
rcen
tage
err
or in
ene
rgy
norm
(TEP
C)
�el
emen
t the
rmal
gra
dien
t dev
iatio
ns (T
DSG
)�
elem
ent e
nerg
y er
ror (
TER
R)
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
Perc
enta
ge e
rror
in e
nerg
y no
rm (S
EPC
)
�SE
PC is
a ro
ugh
estim
ate
of th
e st
ress
err
or (o
r di
spla
cem
ent,
tem
pera
ture
, or t
herm
al fl
ux) o
ver t
he e
ntire
set
of
sel
ecte
d el
emen
ts.
�C
an b
e us
ed to
com
pare
sim
ilar m
odel
s of
sim
ilar s
truc
ture
s su
bjec
ted
to s
imila
r loa
ding
s.
�SE
PC is
sho
wn
in th
e le
gend
col
umn
of d
efor
med
sha
pe
disp
lays
. Yo
u ca
n lis
t it m
anua
lly u
sing
PR
ERR
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
List
Res
ults
> P
erce
nt E
rror.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
�A
s a
gene
ral r
ule
of th
umb,
lo
ok fo
r SEP
C to
be
10%
or
less
. If
it is
hig
her,
then
:�
Che
ck fo
r poi
nt lo
ads
or
othe
r str
ess
sing
ular
ities
an
d un
sele
ct e
lem
ents
in
the
vici
nity
.�
If it
is s
till h
ighe
r, pl
ot th
e el
emen
t ene
rgy
erro
r. T
he
elem
ents
with
hig
h va
lues
of
ene
rgy
erro
r are
ca
ndid
ates
for m
esh
refin
emen
t.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
Elem
ent s
tres
s de
viat
ions
(SD
SG)
�SD
SG is
a m
easu
re o
f the
am
ount
by
whi
ch a
n el
emen
t�s s
tres
s di
sagr
ees
with
the
stre
ss a
vera
ges
at it
s no
des.
�Yo
u ca
n pl
ot S
DSG
con
tour
s us
ing
PLES
OL,
SDSG
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Plot
Res
ults
> E
lem
entS
olu.
..
�A
hig
h va
lue
of S
DSG
is n
ot
nece
ssar
ily b
ad, e
spec
ially
if it
is a
sm
all p
erce
ntag
e of
the
nom
inal
st
ress
es in
the
stru
ctur
e.
For e
xam
ple,
this
pla
te-w
ith-a
-hol
e m
odel
sho
ws
only
a 1
.5%
str
ess
devi
atio
n in
the
regi
on o
f int
eres
t.
SDSG
at l
ocat
ion
of in
tere
st
= ~4
50 p
si, w
hich
is ~
1.5%
of
~30,
000
psi n
omin
al s
tres
s
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
Elem
ent e
nerg
y er
ror (
SER
R)
�SE
RR
is th
e en
ergy
ass
ocia
ted
with
the
stre
ss m
ism
atch
es a
t th
e no
des
of th
e el
emen
t. T
his
is th
e ba
sic
erro
r mea
sure
fr
om w
hich
the
othe
r err
or q
uant
ities
are
der
ived
. SE
RR
has
un
its o
f ene
rgy.
�To
plo
t SER
R c
onto
urs,
issu
e PL
ESO
L,SE
RR
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Plot
Res
ults
> E
lem
entS
olu.
..
�G
ener
ally
, the
ele
men
ts w
ith th
e hi
ghes
t SER
R a
re
cand
idat
es fo
r mes
h re
finem
ent.
How
ever
, sin
ce S
ERR
will
al
way
s be
hig
hest
at s
tres
s si
ngul
ariti
es, b
e su
re to
uns
elec
t th
ose
elem
ents
firs
t.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
Stre
ss b
ound
s (S
MXB
and
SM
NB
)
�Th
e st
ress
bou
nds
can
help
you
det
erm
ine
the
pote
ntia
l ef
fect
of m
esh
disc
retiz
atio
ner
ror o
n th
e m
axim
um s
tres
s.
�Th
ey a
re d
ispl
ayed
on
stre
ss c
onto
ur p
lots
in th
e le
gend
co
lum
n as
SM
XB (u
pper
bou
nd) a
nd S
MN
B (l
ower
bou
nd).
�Th
e bo
unds
are
not
estim
ates
of t
he a
ctua
l max
imum
and
m
inim
um, b
ut th
ey d
o de
fine
a �c
onfid
ence
ban
d.�
With
out
othe
r sup
port
ing
verif
icat
ion,
you
hav
e no
bas
is fo
r bel
ievi
ng
that
the
true
max
imum
str
ess
is b
elow
SM
XB.
�C
autio
n:If
you
don�
t uns
elec
t ele
men
ts n
ear s
tres
s si
ngul
ariti
es, t
he s
tres
s bo
unds
are
mea
ning
less
, as
show
n be
low
.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Erro
r Est
imat
ion
Post
proc
essi
ngE.
Loa
d C
ase
Com
bina
tions
�W
hene
ver y
ou s
olve
mul
tiple
load
ste
ps, t
he re
sults
of e
ach
load
ste
p ar
e st
ored
as
sepa
rate
set
s on
the
resu
lts fi
le
(iden
tifie
d by
load
ste
p nu
mbe
r).
�A
load
cas
e co
mbi
natio
nis
an
oper
atio
n be
twee
n tw
o se
ts o
f re
sults
, whi
ch a
re c
alle
d lo
ad c
ases
.�
The
oper
atio
n oc
curs
bet
wee
n on
e lo
ad c
ase
in th
e da
taba
se
and
the
seco
nd lo
ad c
ase
on th
e re
sults
file
.�
The
resu
lt of
the
oper
atio
n �
the
com
bine
d lo
ad c
ase
�is
st
ored
bac
k in
the
data
base
.
Load
cas
e in
dat
abas
e(c
ompu
ter m
emor
y)Lo
ad c
ase
on re
sults
file
Com
bine
d lo
ad c
ase
in d
atab
ase
over
writ
es p
revi
ous
cont
ents
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Load
Cas
e C
ombi
natio
ns
Typi
cal p
roce
dure
:
1.C
reat
e th
e lo
ad c
ases
2.R
ead
one
load
cas
e in
to th
e da
taba
se
3.Pe
rfor
m th
e de
sire
d op
erat
ion
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Load
Cas
e C
ombi
natio
ns
Cre
ate
Load
Cas
es
�A
load
cas
e si
mpl
y ac
ts a
s a
poin
ter t
o a
set o
f re
sults
. It
requ
ires
two
piec
es o
f inf
orm
atio
n:�
a un
ique
ID n
umbe
r�
the
resu
lts s
et it
repr
esen
ts (l
oad
step
and
subs
tep
num
ber)
�U
se th
e LC
DEF
com
man
d or
Gen
eral
Post
proc
> Lo
ad C
ase
> C
reat
e Lo
ad C
ase
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Load
Cas
e C
ombi
natio
ns
Rea
d O
ne L
oad
Cas
e in
to th
e D
atab
ase
�Si
mpl
y id
entif
y th
e re
sults
set
by
its lo
ad c
ase
num
ber u
sing
LC
ASE
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Load
C
ase
> R
ead
Load
Cas
e.
�O
r use
one
of t
he s
tand
ard
�Rea
d R
esul
ts�
choi
ces
in th
e po
stpr
oces
sor (
SET
com
man
d).
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Load
Cas
e C
ombi
natio
ns
Perf
orm
the
Des
ired
Ope
ratio
n
�M
any
oper
atio
ns a
re a
vaila
ble
as s
how
n in
the
men
u he
re.
�U
se th
e LC
OPE
Rco
mm
and
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Load
Cas
e >
Add,
Sub
tract
, etc
.
�R
emem
ber t
hat t
he re
sults
of t
he o
pera
tion
are
stor
ed in
the
data
base
. Th
e co
mbi
ned
load
cas
e is
id
entif
ied
on p
lots
and
list
ings
as
num
ber 9
999.
Post
proc
essi
ng...
Load
Cas
e C
ombi
natio
ns�
Ther
e ar
e tw
o us
eful
opt
ions
to s
ave
the
com
bine
d lo
ad c
ase:
�W
rite
a lo
ad c
ase
file
�A
ppen
d th
e lo
ad c
ase
to th
e re
sults
file
�W
ritin
g a
load
cas
e fil
e(L
CW
RIT
Eor
Gen
eral
Post
proc
Writ
e R
esul
ts) c
reat
es a
fil
e th
at is
sim
ilar t
o, b
ut m
uch
smal
ler t
han
the
resu
lts fi
le.
�Th
e A
ppen
dop
tion
(RAP
PND
or G
ener
alPo
stpr
oc>
Load
Cas
e >
Writ
e Lo
ad
Cas
e) a
llow
s yo
u to
add
the
com
bine
d lo
ad c
ase
to th
e re
sults
file
and
id
entif
y it
with
a g
iven
load
ste
p nu
mbe
r and
tim
e va
lue.
Post
proc
essi
ngF.
Wor
ksho
p
�Th
is w
orks
hop
cons
ists
of t
hree
exe
rcis
es:
W12
A.
Con
nect
ing
Rod
W12
B.
Sphe
rical
She
llW
12C
.A
xisy
mm
etric
Fin
with
Mul
tiple
Loa
d St
eps
Ref
er to
you
r Wor
ksho
p Su
pple
men
tfor
inst
ruct
ions
.
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