17 wwii 2 3day

WWII BEGINS

IN EUROPE

•SEPT. 1, 1939, GERMANY

INVADES POLAND…..

•THIS BEGINS WWII…

•GREAT BRITAIN AND

FRANCE DECLARE WAR

ON GERMANY!

•If Hitler had to fight the British and French he did not want to fight the Soviets, too.

•Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and dividePoland.

ALLIES AXIS

THE BIG THREEWINSTON CHURCHILL—Great Britain

FDR---U.S.

JOSEPH STALIN---Soviet Union

•Relationship between the Big Three was “shaky” to say the least…..

•“The enemy of my enemy, is my friend”

BENITO MUSSOLINI

ADOLF HITLER

HIDEKI TOJO

•Hitler’s “blitzkrieg”

military tactics made

his armies near

impossible to stop.

•GERMAN MILITARY TACTICS OR

“LIGHTING WAR”

•The key to blitzkrieg is … SURPRISE and

overwhelming numbers

•Hitler crushes France

in June 1940

•Hitler’s last enemy was Great

Britain.

•Hitler wanted to gain air

supremacy.

•Battle of Britain, largest air

battle ever fought in the history of

warfare.

•July to November 1940 and was

won by the Royal Air Force (RAF

or British Air Force).

•****First major German loss in

WWII and forced Hitler to change

his strategy

•British people fought for their

country and a possible Nazi

invasion (Operation Sea Lion).

Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of

Great Britain.

The “Lion of England”

Downtown London after Battle of Britain

Bombing in St. Paul’s Cathedral: London, Battle of Britain

Bombing in London: Battle of

Britain

Delivering the milk… despite the danger

War_Comes_to_Europe 9 min

•Americans wanted to

remain neutral.

•America First

Committee

•Committee to Defend

America by Aiding the

Allies

•Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany

is defeating England &

France, should the U.S.

declare war on Germany and

send our Army and Navy to

Europe to fight against

Hitler?

Yes: 23% No 77%

•U.S. declares neutrality at onset

•FDR and Churchill meet in Atlantic for “ATLANTIC CHARTER” to

make sure we are planning on how to help ALLIED powers

•Neutrality Act 1939

• warring nations buy weapons from US

if paid cash and carried on own ships

• Lend-Lease Act

• US lend or lease arms to nations

considered vital to US defense

• Export Control Act

• FDR power to restrict sale of strategic

war materials

• FDR threatens to freeze Japanese

assets in US and reduce amount of

oil shipped to Japan

• Japan responds

• attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941

Path_to_Infamy 3 min

•Pearl Harbor, on the Island of

O'ahu, Hawaii, (then a territory of

the United States) was attacked

by the Japanese Imperial Navy, at

approximately 8:00 A.M., Sunday

morning,

•December 7, 1941.

•The surprise attack had been

conceived by Admiral Isoroku

Yamamoto.

•The striking force of 353

Japanese aircraft was led by

Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.

•There had been no formal

declaration of war.

Admiral IsorokuYamamoto

Captain MitsuoFuchida

Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that

morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and

various support ships.

**USS Arizona (BB39) BattleshipUSS West Virginia (BB48) BattleshipUSS California (BB44) BattleshipUSS Oklahoma (BB37) BattleshipUSS Nevada (BB36) BattleshipUSS Pennsylvania (BB38) BattleshipUSS Tennessee (BB43) BattleshipUSS Maryland (BB46) BattleshipUSS Vestal (AR4) Repair shipUSS Neosho (AO23) OilerUSS Detroit (CL8) Light cruiserUSS Raleigh (CL7) Light cruiserUSS Utah (AG16) Target Ship USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane Tender

•After FDR’s Day

of Infamy speech

asking for a

declaration of

war against

Japan, Congress

approved the

declaration….

•FDR signed the

declaration of

war against

Japan on Dec. 8,

1941 (Day after

attack)

• Country challenged to convert to war-time production so

automobile factories were used because they were best suited

for producing war-time equipment

( jeeps, tanks, artillery, rifles, etc.)

Entire nation contributed to efforts

• rationing of certain products

• recycling any product that could be used

•Buying BOND$

•Enlistment of men and women

•women went to work in factories…

•Rosie the Riveter symbolized their efforts

Rosie the

Riveter

•Women manned

the factories

while the men

went off to fight.

•This helped lay

the foundation for

women’s rights in

the work world

and helped us win

the war…..

Mistakes on the

HOMEFRONT….

• War Dept. given

authority to declare any

part of U.S. a military

zone and remove

anyone from zone

• West Coast declared

military zone

• all people of

Japanese ancestry

placed into

internment

camps

•1944 Supreme

Court case,

Korematsu vs.

U.S., affirmed the

constitutionality

of this terrible

act.

•It took more

than 40 years

later before the

USA admitted

fault and began

to make $20,000

reparations to

camp survivors

Island_Hopping 1.00

was the forcible transfer of 55

miles by the Imperial

Japanese Army of 12,000

American prisoners of war

after the Battle of Bataan in

the Philippines during World

War II.

Only 7,000 survived

No food, water or rights

were given to POWS

resulting in even more

anger towards Japanese

Pacific

Battle_Of_Midway 1.02

TURNING

POINT

BATTLES

1944•Battle of LeyeteGulf, recaptured the Philippines

1945•Iwo Jima and

Okinawa

•Put the US 500 miles from

mainland Japan

•Began bombing mainland Japan

American Victory at Iwo Jima 1945

Iwo_Jima_Okinawa 1.07

Iwo Jima Memorial- Washington DC

Battle_North_Africa 1.00

The Tuskegee

Airmen 1st African-American military

aviators in the United States

armed forces.

Served mostly in

Italy/European Theatre

During World War II, African Americans

in many U.S. states were still subject to

the Jim Crow laws and the American

military was racially segregated.

The Tuskegee Airmen were subjected

to racial discrimination, both within and

outside the army

Vernon

Baker,

awarded the

Medal of Honor

in 1997 for

actions during

World War II

Battle_of_Stalingrad 1.32

In 1944,

journalist Ernie Pyle wrote,

“It seems to me a miracle

that we ever took the beach at all.”

Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]

US General Dwight Eisenhower was chosen by the Big 3 at the Tehran Conference (Nov. 28-Dec. 1,

1943) as the Supreme Allied Commander and was responsible for the D-Day Invasion.

D-Day=the decision day…Stalin’s 2nd front….Largest military invasion in world history to defeat Hitler.

The 5000-vessel armada stretched as far as the eye could see, transporting over 150,000 men and nearly 30,000 vehicles across the channel to the French beaches.

Six parachute regiments -- over 13,000 men -- were flown from nine British airfields in over 800 planes.

More than 300 planes dropped 13,000 bombs over coastal Normandy immediately in advance of the invasion.

War planners had projected that 5,000 tons of gasoline would be needed daily for the first 20 days after the initial assault.

By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded, but more than 100,000 had made it ashore,

securing French coastal villages.

Within weeks, supplies were being unloaded at UTAH and OMAHA beachheads at the rate of over 20,000 tons per day.

Normandy Beach today

Wreckage on Omaha Beach…. Still there TODAY!

“Time will not dim the glory of their deeds”

-General of Armies John J. Pershing

Normandy American Cemetery

and Memorial

Battle_of_Bulge 1.23

FDR dies in

Warm Springs,

Georgia on April

12, 1945

Mussolini is

executed by his

own people on

April 28, 1945

Hitler realizing that

Berlin was about to

fall, married his

mistress, Eva Braun

and both commit

suicide on April 30,

1945.

A saddened

nation mourns

the passing of

their President….

April 12, 1945

•President Franklin

Roosevelt was in Warm

Springs, Georgia when

he passed away on April

12, 1945.

•Vice President Truman

was in Washington, DC

when the news of his

death arrived.

•Truman was quickly

sworn as President.

A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to

build an atomic bomb.

Started in 1940…..

By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.

1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT

One would be set off in New Mexico successfully.

Arguments for use

Japanese refused to

surrender.

Estimated an invasion

similar to D-Day was needed

to end war.

Estimated Japan’s empire

would last 2 years.

Estimated Allied casualties

at 1 million or more men

with huge Japanese losses.

Japanese leadership was

told of the destructive

power of the bomb

Offered a period to

surrender but declined.

Arguments opposed

Atomic bombs were untested

and their destruction

unknown

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

were not major military

targets.

Those killed in the attacks

would be Japanese civilians.

Radiation poisoning would

have negative effects on the

population.

Nuclear weapons would set

a precedent that using

weapons of mass

destruction was allowable in

war

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the destructive power the bomb and to evacuate the cities.

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the bomb and the translation in English

In the next few days the military installations in some or all of the cities

named on the photograph will destroyed by American bombs. These cities contain

military installations and workshops or factories which produce military goods. The American Air Force, which does not

wish to injure innocent people, now gives you warning to evacuate the cities named

and save your lives. America is not fighting the Japanese people But is

fighting the military clique (govt. leaders)

which has enslaved the Japanese people. The peace which America will bring will

free the people from the oppression of the military clique and mean the emergence of a new and better Japan. You can restore

peace by demanding new and good leaders who will end the war. We cannot

promise that only these cities will be among those attacked, but some or all will

be, so heed this warning and evacuate these cities immediately.

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 70,000 killed immediately

48,000 buildings. destroyed.

100,000s died of radiation

poisoning & cancer later.

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

40,000 killed immediately

60,000 injured. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning& cancer later.

Japan_Surrenders0.30

After_the_War 4.52