1.where did christians worship to avoid persecution? 2.why did christianity spread easily? 3.who did...

Warm-up #6.1 (6.3)1. Where did Christians

worship to avoid persecution?

2. Why did Christianity spread easily?

3. Who did Christianity appeal most to?

4. Where do we get most of our knowledge of the life of Jesus of Nazareth?

1. Private homes and catacombs

2. Mass appeal; eternal life; Roman roads

3. The poor and oppressed

4. The Gospels

Chapter 10 – The Muslim World600-1250

Section 1 – The Rise of Islam

Early Peoples• The Bedouin nomads

inhabited the Saudi Arabian Desert

• Characteristics would become part of Islam• Courage• Loyalty to family• Warrior skills

• As time went on, the Arabs started settling into small trading towns

Crossroads of Trade

• By 600, most trade routes had Arabia at the center

• Mecca was a site of many religious pilgrims• Ka’aba – ancient shrine devoted to Abraham

• Muhammad will be born into this world (570)

Muhammad

• Born to a powerful merchant family• Learned the family

business early on• Married a business

woman 15 years older than himself

• Took great interest in religion and private meditation• At 40, a voice spoke

to him

Foundations of Islam• Muslims believe God chose

Muhammad as the last and greatest prophet• Taught that there was only one

god and all other gods should be left behind• Islam means “submission to

the will of Allah”• Muslim means “one who has

submitted”

• His family were his first followers

• By 613, he was publicly preaching in Mecca• Initially met with hostility

The Hijrah

• Muhammad left Mecca in 622 because of the hostility he faced• The migration to Yathrib (later Medina) became known as the Hijrah

• In Medina, he becomes a leader with many followers• Religious – political – military Holiest cities: Mecca

and Medina

Back to Mecca• After 8 years (630),

Muhammad marches to Mecca with 10,000 followers• Mecca surrenders

• Muhammad destroys the idols in the Ka’aba

• Most Meccans will become loyal Muslims• Part of the umma

• Dies 2 years later at 62

Beliefs and Practices – Five Pillars of Islam

• Five Pillars refers to the major duties of all Muslims. They are:

• Faith – one God, Muhammad is the messenger

• Prayer – 5 times daily at specific times, facing Mecca•Occasionally they will gather in a mosque (house of worship)

Five Pillars Continued• Alms – charity• Fasting – one month of

the year (Ramadan), Muslims don’t eat from sun up to sun down

• Pilgrimage – Once in their lives, Muslims should perform the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

•VIDEO

Sources of Authority

• Allah is the ultimate authority• Gabriel spoke to Muhammad on God’s behalf• These revelations were written in the Qur’an after Muhammad’s death• Only “counts” when read

in Arabic, this will unite all Muslims with a common language

Way of Life

• Muhammad served as the best example of how people should live their lives (Sunna)

• A body of law (Shari’a) was created based on the Qur’an and the Sunna• Governs family, morals, and business relations

And now…•Presentation•Islam Crossword•Unit 2A Study Guide

Warm-up #6.2 (10.1)5. What are the five

pillars of Islam?6. What 2 cities are

most important in Islam? Toward which do Muslims pray?

7. What does Islam mean?

8. Who do Muslims believe is the last and greatest Prophet?

5. Faith, prayer, charity, pilgrimage, fasting

6. Mecca & Medina; Mecca

7. Submission8. Muhammad

Links to Judaism and Christianity

• Same God• Jesus matters

(teacher, not prophet)

• The Bible provided revelations, but the Qur’an “fixed” the problems and is the final book

• Heaven and Hell

Section 2 – Islamic Expansion

Muhammad’s Successors

• Big problem after Muhammad’s death:• No named successor or instructions of how to choose one• Led to internal

conflict among Muslims

• Abu-Bakr becomes the first caliph (like the Pope for Catholics)

“Rightly Guided” Caliphs• First 4 caliphs after

Muhammad• All knew Muhammad• Based their leadership on the

Qur’an and Muhammad’s actions

• Strife amongst Muslims led to Abu Bakr declaring a jihad on unbelievers and people who broke away• 2 meanings (inner struggle and

outer)

• The next 3 will continue the jihad and by 750, Muslims controlled from the Indus to the Atlantic

Reasons for Success• Early victories convinced

them that God wanted it• Armies: well disciplined

with great leaders• Coupled with enemies being weak/exhausted

• Welcomed by the persecuted• Treated conquered people

well. Did not have to convert, but did have to pay extra taxes

• Tax-free status for converts

Internal Conflicts• After the 4 “rightly guided,” the Umayyads challenged their control

• Moved the capital to Damascus• Lived a rich life• Led to a division

• Shi’a Muslims believe that only Muhammad’s descendants could lead

• Sunni – followed Umayyads, less strict about leadership (more followers)

• Sufi – rejected wealth, lived a life of poverty

Expansion• The Umayyads will be the

first major empire, reaching from Spain to India

• After 100 years of ruling, the Abbasids will replace the Umayyads (750)• Moved the capital to Baghdad

for better access to trade• Used a strong bureaucracy to

control the Empire• Continue control until 1250

(500 years)

• Many more sects sprang up (Fatimids in Africa) but they were all linked through Islam

And now…• Finish Ch. 10 Crossword (Quiz tomorrow)•Work on Unit 2A Study Guide•Students who can show a mostly completed study guide tomorrow will receive an answer key to the study guide

• Put your notebook together•Study guide (40), notes (30), x-words (30)

Warm-up #6.3 (10.2)9. What are the two

largest branches of Islam?

10. Which branch is largest?

11. Why did Islam split into 2 branches?

12. What was the name of the first major Muslim Caliphate?

9. Shia and Sunni10.Sunni11.Shia believed

that only a relative of Muhammad’s was fit to lead them

12.Umayyad

Section 3 – Muslim Culture

Born Muslim

Convert

People of the Book (Monotheistic)

Slaves

Cities and Social Classes• Muslim cities were designed

to aw and will attract thousands

• Within Muslim societies, there were 4 classes• Muslims at birth• Converts• “People of the Book”

(Christians & Jews) & Zoroastrians• Slaves

• Women were more equal than most societies but still expected to submit to men• This actually reversed itself as

time went on

Scholarship • As with the Egyptians, Muslim advances resulted from need• Sick rulers wanted good doctors• Prayer times and direction required understanding math and astronomy•Muhammad had emphasized study and scholarship• They translated info from all

over the world in the House of Wisdom

• Scientific advances include the first Algebra book, the Scientific Method, coronary circulation route, and the dissection of cadavers

Philosophy and Religion Blend

• Some tried to blend Greek philosophers with Islam and science

• Developed the “Ideal Man”• Blended some of the best aspects from every culture• Persian morals, Arabic

faith, Iraqi education, Christian in conduct, Greek in science, etc.

And now…• Presentation• Finish Ch. 10 Crossword (open note Quiz after school)•Work on Unit 2A Study Guide•Students who can show a mostly completed study guide tomorrow will receive an answer key to the study guide

• Put your notebook together•Study guide (40), notes (30), x-words (30)

And now…• Finish Ch. 10 Crossword (Quiz tomorrow)•Work on religion scavenger hunt•Work on Unit 2A Study Guide•Students who can show a mostly completed study guide tomorrow will receive an answer key to the study guide

• Put your notebook together

Unit 2A – Religion – Notebook• Study Guide 40 pts• Notes 30 pts• Vocabulary Crossword (3) 30 pts• Religion Scavenger Hunt 20 pts

120 pts