shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/13750/11/12... ·...
Post on 20-May-2020
0 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
219
Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh dk f;azrko o; dh nfGftnesh d/ ;zdoG
ftZu s[bBkswe nfXn?B
6H1 G{fwek
fe;/ th rkfJB Å?bh dh o{g o/yk d/ dkfJo/ ftZu eJh sZs Åkwb j[zd/ jB
fit/ A fe rkfJB Å?bh dh f;oiDk bJh gq:'r ehs/ rJ/ okr, ;[o, b?n, skb,
wksok, GkÅk, ;kfjs nkfd Bkb ;zpzXs sZs, rkfJB Å?bh d/ rkfJB dhnK
ftÅ/ÅsktK iK fB:wktbh, rkfJB Å?bh d/ tZy-tZy ;"dAo: nXko, pzfdÅK d/ ftftX
ftÅ/ nkfd. Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh Å?bh dh pDso sZs fJZe-d{i/ T[Zs/
nXkos oj/ jB. nZi fi; Xo[gd rkfJB Å?bh Bz{ Gkosh ;zrhs dk dogD fejk
iKdk j? ns/ Gkosh ;zrhs d/ ;Zu/-;[Zu/ o{g tZi_'A ikfDnk iKdk j?, T[; Å?bh dh
T[sgZsh dk nXko gqpzX rkB Å?bh j?. gqpzX dhnK okr, skb ns/ gd ;zpzXs
ftÅ/ÅsktK Xo[gd Å?bh dh f;oiDk dk nXko pDhnK. nZr' AXo[gd Å?bh dhnK
e[ZM w[Zy ftÅ/ÅsktK Bz{ fynkb ftZu ngBkfJnk frnk ns/ fynkb Å?bh dhnK
ftÅ/ÅsktK Bz{ m[woh ftZu fJZe Bt/_ nzdkia ftZu gq;s[s ehsk frnk. n;h_ t/yd/ jK
fe Xo[gd ftZu skb, okr, gd dk wZjst fiankdk fojk idfe fynkb ftZu
ebgBk, ftuko, Imagination d/ ;[szso gqrNkt/ bJh ;[o Bz{ fiankdk wjZst fdZsk frnk. fJ; Bt/_AgB d/ d"o ftZu m[woh Å?bh dk o{g T[go'es d'jK
Å?bhnK s'I A ftbZyD j?. m[woh ftZu Gkt gqdoÅB dk wjZst fiankdk j[zdk j?.
GktK d/ ;gZÅN gqrNkt/ bJh fJ; Å?bh dhnK pzfdÅK d/ p'bK dk ;jh gqrNktk
iao{oh j?. m[woh ftZu Gkt gqdoÅB bJh p'bK Bz{ wjZst fdZsk iKdk j? ns/
Bkb-Bkb GktK Bz{ y[{p;{[osh Bkb gqrNkT[D bJh ;[szso ebgBk y/so th w"i{d
jz[dk j?. ;zy/g ftZu fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe m[woh Å?bh ftZu Xog[d, fynkb
Å?bh d/ fwÅos o{g dk gqrNktk j[zdk j?. fiZE/ sZe fJjBK fszB rkfJB Å?bhnK
s'I_ fÅzrko o; dh T[sgZsh dk ;tkb j? sK n;h AfJj efj ;ed/ jK fe fÅzrko
o; dk ;G s'I_ tZX gqrNktk m[woh, T[; s'I Ae[M xZN gq:'r fyankb Å?bh ftZu ns/
;G s'I AxZN gq:'r Xo[gd Å?bh ftZu j[zdk j?. j[D n;h AfJjBK Å?bhnK ftub/
nzsoK pko/ ikDekoh gqkgs eoKr/.
220
6H2 gd ik ;[o d/ gq:'r ftub/ nzso
fi; soQK fe n;h Ay'i ekoi d/ shi/ nfXnkJ/ ftZu Xo[gd dh gfoGkÅk
ns/ T[sgZsh d/ tZy-tZy nXkoK pko/ ikD u[Ze/ jK fe Xo[gd µpd *Xo[t* ns/
*gd* µpd s'I ApfDnk j?. Xo[t µpd s'I AGkt j? fdqVsk, nNbsk, ;EkJh o{g
idfe gd fe;/ rkJ/ ikD tkbh ouBk Bz{ fejk iKdk j?. fJ; Xo[tsk iK
nNbsk d/ doµB Xo[gd dh o{go/yk d/ jo gZy ftZu j[zd/ jB. Xo[gd dh
T[&Zsgsh gqpzX ns/ Xo[tk rkB s'I j'Jh, fJ; eoe/ fJ; ftZu ;zrhse fB:wK dh
em'osk fiankdk j?. gqkuhB gqpzX rkB d/ *gqpzX* µpd dh gfoGkµk ftZu fijV/
fB:wpZXsk, neko dk tZvkgB, rzGhosk, gd dk wjZst nkfd Gkt j[zd/ ;B,
gqpzX d/ T[; d?th o{g d/ nKfµe doµD Xo[gd Å?bh ftZu iao{o j[zd/ jB. Xo[gd
ftZu gd dk wjZst fiankdk j'D eoe/ jh Xo[gd d/ gd nkgD/ F[ZX o{g ftZu
fwbd/ jB idfe pkeh rkfJB Å?bhnK dhnK eJh gd ouBktK nkgD/ Bt/A, pdb/
j'J/ ns/ ftrV/ j'J/ o{g ftZu th fwbdhnK jB. fynkb, m[woh Å?bh dhnK
g[okDh pzfdµK d/ µpdK dh s'IV-wo'V eoe/ iK T[;d/ ;pdK Bkb S/V-SkV eoe/
pD u[ZehnK eJh pzfdµk w"i{d jB. pzfdµK d/ ;kfjs Bkb ehsh rJh nfijh
S/VSkv s'I Agsk ubdk j? fe fynkb Å?bh ftZu gd dh gqXkBsk Xo[gd Å?bh
Bkb' AxZN j?. fynkb, Å?bh ftZu gd dh EK s/ ;[o Bz{ wjZst fiankdk fdZsk iKdk
j? feT_[AAfe fynkb Å?bh ftZu ebgBk dk wjZst fiankdk j[zdk j? ns/ tZy-tZy
ebgBktK B{z ;[oK d/ tZy-tZy Yzr Bkb ehs/ rJ/ gq:'rK okjhI ;gZFN ehsk iKdk
j?. m[woh Å?bh ftZu Gkt gqdoµB dk wjZst fiankdk j[zdk j?. fi; soQK fJZe
ftnesh nkgD/ wB dh fe;/ rZbpks B{z d{i/ ftnesh nZr/ eJh sohfenK Bkb
gq;s[s eodk j? T[;/ soKQ m[woh fJZe nfijh uzub fposh tkbh Å?bh j?, fi;
ftZu fe;/ Gkt d/ gqrNkt/ Bz{ tZy-tZy sohfenK Bkb doµkT[D bJh eJh seBheK
dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. T[dkjoD tZi' Am[woh ftZu *ghnk, w?_ s[w ;zr Bk
p'b{zrh* µpdK d/ Gkt Bz{ gqdofµs eoB bJh ;EkJh d/ fJjBK w[Zy p'bK Bz{ pj[s
tkoh tZy-tZy ;[oK, ;[oK d/ T[&ZukoD d/ tZy sohfenK iK eke{ G/dK nkfd Bkb
fJ; soK p'fbnk iKdk j? fe pzfdµ ftZu fgqnswk d[nkok nkgD/ ghnk Bkb e[M
Bkokiarh eoe/ o[Zm ikD ns/ Bk p'bD dk Gkt g{oh soK ;gZµN j' iKdk j? fJ;
221
soK Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh ftZu gd, ;[o, skb, b?n nkfd w"i{d jB gozs[
jo/e rkfJB Å?bh ftZu fJjBk gd, ;[o nkfd sZsK dh ;zfynk ns/ gq:'r ftXh
ftZu coe iK nzso jh T[jBK Bz{ fJZe-d{i/ s'I AftbZyD pDkT[dAk j? ns/ Gkosh
;zrhs ftZu w"i{d tZy-tZy rkfJB Å?bhnK fJ;/ ftbZyDsk dk doµB eotkT[AdAhnK
jB.
(T) gd F?bh dhnK ftF/FsktK ns/ Xo[gd rkfJB F?bh
Xo[gd rkfJB Å?bh dh T[sZgsh ;kbr;{v gqpzX d/ T[gG/d *Xo[t* s'I Aj'Jh,
nfijk wzfBnk iKdk j?.
1
gqkuhB gqpzX rkfJB ftZu th gd dk w[Zy ;EkB j[zdk
;h.
2
gd d/ wjZst d/ Bkb-Bkb gqpzXK ftZu T[drqkj nkfd ftZu yzvK, T[gyzvK
dh frDsh, yzvK ftZu ;[oK dh fJZe' fijh iK tZy-tZy ;[o-ftT[s,A fe; Xks{ s'IAI
pknd fe; Xks{ dk gq:'r ehsk ikJ/, fe; Xks{ T[&Zs/ ;wkgsh ehsh ikJ/, ftZu
;[oK dh T[ukJh-fBukJh dk fynkb oZyDk, rkfJe iK fi; dk toBD ehsk ik
fojk j?, T[;dk BK fe; Xks{ ftZu j'Dk ukjhdk j?, nkbkg dh tZX-xN ;zfynk,
fBµus skb, o;, ohfs, fposh (ftqsh) d/tsk, Gkt tZy-tZy b?nK, gqpzXK dh
bzpkJh nkfd fB:wK dh th g{oh gkbDk ehsh iKdh ;h.
3
1 ;qah okw BkokfJD nrotkb, Xo[gd ;wokN uzdB ih us[ot/dh ;fwqsh rzqE, gzBk 90-91
2 vkH ;[GZdok u'Xoh, Gkoshn ;zrhs w/_ skb n"o o{g ftXkB, gzBk 219
3 Ujh, gzBk 219-220
Xo[gd µpd ftZu Xo[t
Xks{ dh j'_Ad fJ; rZb tZb ;ze/s eodh j? fe fJ; Å?bh ftZu fB:wK dh
nNbsk ns/ eoVkJh j?. gqkuhB ;kbr;{v gqpzX d/ T[gG/dK ftZu'II Xo[t BK d/
T[gG/d dk gqpzXK ftZu pVk wjZst j[zdk ;h. nZr/ uZb e/ Xo[gd Å?bh dh ouBk
bJh gqpzX Å?bh d/ em'o fB:wK Bz{ jh nXko pDkfJnk frnk. fJ; soK Xo[gd
F?bh gqkuhB gqpzX rkfJB F?bh T[Zs/ nXkos j'D eoe/ efmB fB:wK dh XkoBh
j?. nZi eb Gkosh µk;soh ;zrhs d/ y/so ftZu Xo[gd Å?bh Bz{ nfsnzs efmB
Å?bh tZi_'A ikfDnk iKdk j?. Xo[gd Bz{ fJZe ftµ/µ gqeko dh gd ouBk iK rkfJB
µ?bh tZi' A;Ekgs eoB tkb/ rtkfbnko Bo/µ wkBf;zx s'Iwo (1486-1586 JhH)
;B, fJjBK B/ wZXekb dh gd µ?bh dk gquko ehsk. gd µ?bh dk n;b o{g
p[ZX Xow ftZu gqubs uZfonk gdK ftZu t/yD bJh fwbdk j?. uZfonk gd dh
fJe T[dkjoB-
222
ibdh nZSw skj/o T{jD fd;.. Xo[t..
okr gN-wzioh
Gkt B j'Jh nGkt B ikJh.
nkfJ; ;w'j/ e' gfs nkJh.. Xo[t..
b{Jh GDJh pN d[bZy fpDkDk.
fsn XkJ/ ftb;Jh T{j bkr/Dk.. Xo[t..
ikj/o pkDfuzBQ o{p B ikDh.
;' eJh;/ nkrw p/J/ potkDh..Xo[t..
ekj/ o/ fe; GDh wJh fdft fgfoZSk.
T{de uKd fiw ;ku B fwZSk.. Xo[t..
b[Jh GDdh wJh GkfJp fe;.
4
fJ; gd ouBk ftZu d'-d' gzeshnK dh s[e ftT_[As j? ns/ s[e d/ nzs
ftZu Xo[t dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?. gzeshnK dh bzpkJh th pokpo j? ns/ fJ;
T[dkjoD Bz{ t/ye/ ;gZµN j[zdk j? fe gd µ?bh ftZu gd jh wjZstg{oB j[zdk
;h. gd µ?bh Bz{ i?d/t d[nkok rhs r'ftzd ftZu nµNgdh d/ o{g ftZu ngBkfJnk
frnk fJZe T[dkjoD
uzdqeukoPw:Pofµyzvewzvbtbf:se/µw
gqu{og[ozdoXB[oB[ozfisw/d[owf[do
.
;[t/µw.. ok;/..3..
5
rhs r'ftzd dh gdµ?bh nZr'A Xo[gd rhs ns/ T[&Zso-dZyD Gkos d/ Grs
ethnK d/ gdK d/ o{g ftZu fte;s j'Jh. go fJj Xo[gd SzdK ftZu pzBQ/ j'J/
Bjh A j[zd/ ;B. fJ; Bz{ g{ok eoB bJh skb d/ nB[;ko jh gd Bz{ fyZu fbnk
iKdk ;h.
fJ; nµNgdh d/ ;ko/ gdK d/ nzs ftZu *nw* µpd dk nBfsnkB[gqk; j?
fit/A fe e/µw, ;[t/µw nkfd nzsw µpdK d/ nzdo dh X[Bh iK nK; fJZe' j?.
6
4 vkH ;[GZdok u'Xoh, Gkoshn ;zrhs w/_ skb n"o o{g ftXkB, gzBk 272
5 vkH beµwh BkokfJD ror, (fjzdh nB[tkd) nfGB?n dogD n"o rhs r'ftzd, d{ik ;or, µb'e 3, gzBk 204
6 vkH ;[GZdok u"Xoh, Gkoshn ;zrhs w/ skb n"o o{g ftXkB, gzBk 274
;[nkwh johdk; ns/ whnK skB;/B dhnK y{p;[{os Xo[gd ouBktK d/
T[dkjoD t/y'L-
223
okr µzeok (ouBkeko-;tkwh johdk;)
joh-joh SKV e/ d{;oh B ehi/ pks,
J/e-J/e xoh s'Ij? eo'oB eh iks j?.
xoh-gb fdB ;'J/ fcoj{z B nkt/ s'IJ/,
fSB-Gzr d/j skeh woB i?;h xks j?.
gqG{ e' ;zGko fgnko pet' fp;ko vko,
si e/ nfwqs, ftµ ekj/ e'
J/e-J/e fvB w/ t' s'I fBe;-fBe;
yks j?.
ej/ johdk; wjK ;K; e' ftµtk; ejK,
iks j?.
7
okfrBh r[oioh, u"skb (ouBkeko-skB;/B)
ekBB w[dqk, w[zvwkbk ro? A, G;w ftoki? nzr.
eo fsq;{b, uzdqwk bbkN, gkotsh noXzr..
ftqµ tkjB, ;h; iNk, ;'js iNki{N rzr-sozr
fsqbu'B, fsqµ[b-yZgo vwo{ bhJ/A *skB;/B* rkts
.
ozr..
8
Xo[gd dhnK gozgokrs pzfd;aK eJh ftf;anK B{z gq;s[s eodhnK jB.
Xo[gd ftZu Grsh ns/ w[rb ekb d/ d"okB ouhnK rJhnK f;azrko o; gqXkB
pzfd;aK s'Ia_ nbktk, Bkd wfjwk, r[o{ wfjwk, oki/ wjkokfinK dh fto[dktbh,
T[go'es d't/I ouBktK gd ;a?bh dhnK ouBktK jB ns/ fJjBK ftZu gd
;a?bh dhnK ft;a/;asktK t/yhnk ik ;edhnk jB. nZieb gqubs Xo[gd ;?abh ns/
g[okDh Xo[gd ;?abh d/ F[ZX o{g ftZu ekch nzso j? gozs[ fJ;d/ pkti{d nZi eb
th Xo[gd rkfJB ftZu *gd* ~ wjZst fdZsk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; ;?abh B{z nZi eb
th ;G s'II efmB ns/ ;op'sw fejk iKdk j?.
6H3 Xo[gd rkfJB F?bh dk ;to{g ns/ ftF/
7 ;qh uzdoµ/yo gzs dk b/y-T[Zso Gkoshn ;zrhs e/ Xo[gd ouJhsk, ;zrhs (Xo[gd-Xwko nze 1964), gzBk 196
8 gqGfdnkb whsb, ;zrhs ;wokN skB;/B ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/, gzBk 62
224
gqfeosh toBD, BkfJek G/d nkfd ftf;anK T[Zs/ nkXkfos ouBktK fwbdhnK jB
fijBK dhnK eJh T[dkjoBK y'i ekoi d/ shi/ nfXnkJ/ *Xo[ge okjhA* f;azrko
o; dk gqrNktk* ftZu fdZshnK rJhnK jB.
Xo[gd ;a?bh s'IA o; dh nB[G{sh b?D bJh fJ; ;a?bh d/ em'o gZyK tZb
fXnkB d/D dh pikJ/ fJ;dh nzdo{Bh y{p;{osh tZb fXnkB d/Dk ukjhdk j?.
ftbzps s_'A wZX ns/ do[s tZy-tZy b?nK ftZu B'w s'Iw d/ nkbkg B{z ;[D e/ fJj
nfj;k; j[zdk j? fe fit/A sB-wB gqek;as j' frnk j't/. fJ; s'I_A pknd y{p;{os
gd ouBk dh ;apd-ftT[AsA B{z ;[D e/ sK wB j?okB j' iKdk j?. Xo[gd dhnK
tZy-tZy ouBktK, ebkeko d/ rkfJB dh rzGhosk, ftbzps b?n, gykti ;ki dh
;zrsh ftZu Xo[gd dk rkfJB nkgD/ fe;/ th fjZ;/ iK nzr ftZu fYZbk Bjh
Aj[zdk. fJjBK efmB ebkekohnK B[z{ ;[D e/ ;o'fsnK dk wB nBzdwJh iao{o j'
iKdk j? gozs{ pzXB w[es, ;fjisk, ;e{B nkfd dk Gkt wfj;{; BjhI eo
gkT[AAIdk. fJ; rZb B{z n;hI e[M fJ; soQK th efj ;ed/ jK fe wB nkBzds sK
iao{o j[zdk j? gozs{ skb, b?n, gd d/ uwsekoe ns/ d?th gqdo;aB eoe/ ;fEo
BjhI j' gkT[Idk. Xo[gd d/ rhs s'II pknd b?nekoh gqdo;aB dk Gkr nkT[Idk j?
fi; ftZu d'r[B, u'r[B, fsr[B, nkV ns/ j'o eJh efmB b?nekohnK dk gqdo;aB
j[zdk j?, fJ; Gkr B{z ;[D e/ wB ftZu uwseko iK j?okBh dh GktBk nk iKdh
j?. nzs ftZu GziBh o{ge nbkgsh, fi;B{z nZi eZb dh Gk;ak ftZu T[gi iK
p'btzv, p'bskB efj fdzd/ jB, dk gqdo;aB ehsk iKdk j?.
9
9 vkH ;[GZdok u"Xoh, Gkosh: ;zrhs w_/ skb n"o o{g ftXkB, gzBk 276
Xo[gd ;a?bh d/ ftZu
fJ;dh F[o{nks s'I_A b? e/ nzs sZe skb, b?n dh ftbZyDsk d/ do;aB j[zd/ jB
gozs{ rhs d/ ;apdK B{z fJZe' sohe/ Bkb pko-pko tZy-tZy b?nK ftZu tzv e/
d[jokfJnk iKdk j?. Xo[gd ftZu ;[o, skb ns/ gd fszBK dk y{p;{os o{g ;keko
j[zdk j? gozs{ nkw ;o'sK tor Xo[gd d/ fJ; d?th o{g B{z Bjh__ ;wM ;ed/
feT[Ife Xo[gd ;a?bh wB goukt/ dk ;kXB wkso BjhA j?. fJ;d/ d?th ns/
uwsekoe o{g B{z ;wMD bJh ;zrhse frnkB dk j'Dk io{oh j?. ;zg{oB Xo[gd
d/ gqdo;aB ftZu *gd* dh nDd/yh BjhI ehsh iKdh ns/ Bk jh *gd* ouBk Bkb
S/VSkV ehsh iKdh j? . ukj/ nZi eb Xo[gd rkfJB d/ o{g ftZu ekch pdbkn
225
nk u[Zek j? gozs{ Xo[gd d/ e[M fB:wK B{z nZi eZb th fBGkT[D dh e'f;a;a ehsh
iKdh j?.
6H4 Xo[gd rkfJB F?bh ftZu fFzrko d/ doFB ns/ T[dkjoBK
o; dh fdq;aNh d/ nXko s/ Xo[gd ;a?bh ftZu f;azrko o; d/ do;aB eJh
o{gK ftZu j[zd/ jB. Xo[gd dhnK Grsh o; Gog{o ouBktK ftZu gowkswk d/
o{g-toBD Bkb ;zpzXs f;azrko ns/ ;z;koe pzfd;aK ftZu BkfJek toBD, fos[
toBD, Bkb ;zpzXs f;azrko o; d/ do;aB j[zd/ jB. ft;a/ Gkt/A_ e'Jh th j't/ gozs{
Xo[gd dh brGr jo/e gd ouBk bJh T[sZw ;kfjs dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?.
;[zdo gd ouBktK d/ e[ZM T[dkjoB L-
Xo[gd (okr-G?ot, u"skb)
ft;ak L- (rD/;a tzdBk)
10
s[w j' rDgsh d/t p[ZXhdksk, ;h; Xo?A ri-;[zv..
i/Jh-i/Jh fXnkt?, s/Jh-s/Jh cb gkt?A, udB b/g ehJ/ G[i dzv..
f;ZX/Fto Bkw fsjko' ejh:s i/ ftfXnkXo,
shBh b'e wjh_, ;gs dhg Bt yzv.
*skB;/B* s[we'A fBs ;[fwos, ;[o-Bo-w[Bh r[Bh-rzXot M[zv..
-ouBkeko skB;/B-
fJ; pzfd;a ftZu rDgsh ih dh wfjwk ns/ o{g toBD j?.
Xo[gd
(o{g toBD)
11
xNkN'g xz[xN, ro?A ;'j? w[es wkb, efN fezeBh,
-ouBkeko skB;/B-
XB-XB o{g s/o' ftozu r[o{ ou:'I, x/odko xz{xN w_/ uzdqpdB,
x[fw-x[fw gr Xo ubs oki-rsh XoB e'I.
10 gqG{fdnkb whsb, ;zrhs ;wokN skB;/B - ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/I, gzBk 54 11 UjhI, gzBk 102
226
;[zdo poBh, xkfJb j's bkrs e[u em'o ;aqhcb ;/,
izx edbh wB w'js ;zuoB e'I.
fxo nkJhI uj{zn'o ;Gh ;j/bh ozGk ;h,
bkrs G[i fwqBkb wqrB?Bh wkB"I fBf;eo-feoB e'I A.
*skB;/B* gqG{ wB jo bhB', xkfJb eos of;eB e',
okik-wjkokik p; eo bhB'I froXoB e'
f;zarko toBD
okfrBh N'Vh, fsskbk
12
12 gqG{fdnkb whsb, ;zrhs ;wokN skB;/B - ihtBh n"o ouBkJ, gzBk 107
- ouBkeko skB;/B-
J/e eo dogB, J/e eo eiok, nzuok rj?I ;[Xkos.
bbBk o/y ekio ;' d{fo eoB T[ms G'o,
w[Zy ewb gos ;h;c{b nfs fpokis
rrB Bys eh T[gwk fin GJh w/o/,
w/o/ ikB t/j{ d{fo oj/ ;e{uks bkis.
:/ efj:s j? wkB"I ;[osoP{ fte;s jh,
*skB;/B* d/ys d[y Gkis
227
T[go'es ouBktK y{p;{os gd :'iBk ~ do;kT[IdhnK jB. fJ; s'II Xo[gd
;a?bh ftZu rkJh ikD tkbh ekft ouBk ftZu gd iK T[Zsw s[e pzdh d/ wjZst
pko/ gsk uZbdk j?.
6H5 fyankb F?bh dhnK ftF/FsktK ns/ fFzrko o;
Xo[gd s'II pknd fynkb ;a?bh dk d"o ufbnk fi; ftZu Xo[gd d/ em'o
fB:wK dk gq:'r xZN frnk. fynkb ;a?bh ftZu pzfd;a d/ p'bK dk wjZst Xo[gd
s'IA_ xZN j[zdk j? feT[Ife fJ; ;a?bh dk ft;Eko *;[o* s/ nXkos j? ns/ fJ; F?bh
ftZu ebgBk dk tX/o/ wjZst j[zdk j?. Xo[gd ftZu toBK, skb dhnK wksoktK
nkfd dh frDsh fB;afus j'D eoe/ ;apdK dk c?bkn pj[s fiankdk Bjh_ j'
;edk. noEks Xo[gd ftZu skb, b?n, gd d/ wjZst tZb fiankdk fXnkB ofjzdk
j? gozs{ fynkb ;a?bh d/ fB:w Xo[gd dh soK em'o BjhI jB.fJ; ;a?bh ftZu
rkfJe fJZe wkBf;e ;fjisk wfj;{; eodk j?. ;fji ns/ ;aKs (ftrfbs) wB
Bkb T[j fynkb ;a?bh dh pzfd;a d/ fe;/ th Gkt, ukj/ T[j Grsh dk j't/ iK
f;azrko dk, B{z py{ph gq;s[s eoB ftZu ;woZE j[zdk j?. ;akfJd fJ;/ ekoB
fynkb ;a?bh ftZu f;azrko d/ ;zi'r-fti'r o{gK ns/ eJh j'o ftf;anK dhnK nB/eK
pzfd;aK fwbdhnK jB. fynkb ;a?bh ftZu *;[o* dk wjZst j'D ekoB fti'r
f;zarko d/ nfsnzs e'wb ns/ eo[DkwJh GktK (fit_/A fe gqhsw d/ ftS'IV/ ftZu
sVg ojh BkfJek d/ wB dh d[yd ;fEsh, gq/w dh ghV nkfd Gkt) dh
nfGftnesh th pj[s jh GktwJh Yzr Bkb ehsh ik ;edh j?. fynkb ;a?bh
dhnK gozgokrs pzfd;aK xokD/dko T[;skdK e'b ;[oZfyns jB ns/ T[jBK dh
uzrh f;a;a-gozgok d[nkok g[okDh pzfd;aK ;[DhnK th ik ;edhnK jB gozs{ ;ZukJh
fJj j? fe pzfd;aK dh gd ouBk Bkb wBwkB/ Yzr Bkb ehsh rJh S/VSkV
fiankdkso fynkb ;a?bh dhnK pzfd;aK ftZu fwbdh j?. fJ;dk ekoB ;akfJd fJj
j? fe fynkb rkfJB ftZu gd dk wjZst Xo[gd ;?abh Bkb'I xZN jz[dk j?
fynkb µ?bh ftZu toD ;zfynK, wksok, rD, d/tsk, o; nkfd Xo[gd d/
fB:w sK BjhI j[zd/ gozs[ fJ;dh ouBktK ftZu Xo[gd µ?bh d/ rhsK dh soK
228
nBfsnkB[gqk; dk gkbB iao{o ehsk frnk j?.
13
fynkb µ?bh ftZu ftbzps fJeZskb, fsbtkVk, M{wok, nkVk ukoskb nkfd
dk gq:'r j[zdk j? idfe wZX-do[s b?n d/ fynkb ftZu fszBskb, fJZeskb,
Mgskb, o{[ge, do[s u"skb nkfd dk gq:'r j[zdk j?. fJjBK skbK dk tkdB
spb/ T[Zs/ j'D eoe/ fynkb µ?bh ftZu fJZe uzubsk, u[;sh pDh ofjzdh j?.
fynkb ftZu nbkg skb pZX j[zd/ jB fi; eoe/ T[jBK ftZu GktK dh ftbZyDsk
j[zdh j?. fynkb rkfJB d/ eqw ftZu ed/ whIv, yNe/-w[oeh, f;ZX/-nkV/ ;[oK d/
gq:'r, S'IN/-tZv/ ;{o ;w{j, rwe, nzd'bB, ekeP gq:'r, nbzeoDK nkfd dh
otkBrh pDh ofjzdh j?. fi; eoe/ GktK d/ gqrNkt/ dh pj[s r[zikfJµ j[zdh j?
ns/ ;[BD tkb/ dk wB th rkfJeh dhnK tZy-tZy feqnktK ftZu o[ZfMnk ofjzdk j?
ns/ EektN wfj;{; BjhI eodk. fJ; soK okr d/ ;[oK ns/ T[jBK ;[oK d/ tZy-
tZy gqrNkt/ bJh y{p;{os ebgBk µesh d/ Bkb fynkb µ?bh tZy-tZy o;K d/
gqrNkt/ ftZu ;woZE j[zdh j?. fynkb µ?bh ftZu fµzrko o; gqXkB j/mK fdZshnK
rJhnK pzfdµk d/ µpdK Bz{ t/y'. o;-Gkt gqrNkt/ ftZu fJ; soK d/ fJj µpd
pj[s ;jkJh j[zd/ jBL- e[M T[dkjoDK
pzfdµ ftZu nBfsnkB[gqk; d/ j'D
Bkb gd ouBk ftZu fJZe b?n pZXsk pDh ofjzdh j?.
fynkb dh ouBktK ftZu ;EkJh nzsok d' Gkr j[zd/ jB. nzsfonk dh
;zfynk fJZe s'I AtZX th j' ;edh j?. fynkb dhnK brGr pzfdµK dh ;EkJh
ftZu p'b e[M xZN j[zd/ jB. fJ;dk ekoB fJj j? fe pzfdµ dk w[Zy Gkt ;EkJh
Gkr ftZu j[zdk j? ns/ ;EkJh Gkr Bz{ pj[s pko d[jokfJnk iKdk j?. fiankdk
p'bK d/ j'D Bkb ;EkJh Bz{ pko-pko d[jokT[D ftZu ns/ Gkt d/ gqdoµB ftZu
e[M o[ektN dk nfj;k; j[zdk j? gozs[ ;EkJh d/ S'IN/ j'D Bkb fJ; soK dh
go/µkBh BjhI nkT_[dh. fynkb µ?bh ftZu fe;/ fµzrkoe pzfdµ Bz{ gqrNkT[D bJh
;[oK dk tZy-tZy soK Bkb gq:'r, yNe/, w[oeh, skB, p'bskB, p'b nbkg, ;orw
nkfd eJh feqnktK j[zdhnK jB. fJjBK feqnktK d/ ;jh frnkB ns/ ;jh ;EkB,
wksok ftZu gq:'r eoB Bkb rkfJe fµzrko d/ tZy-tZy gfjb{nK dk gqrNktk
eoB ftZu ;woE j[zdk j?.
13 gqG{fdnkb whsb, ;zrhs ;wokN skB;/B - ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/I, gzBk 280
229
okr e/dko (tk;e;Zik BkfJek)
14
(nfG;kfoek BkfJek) okr i'Bg[oh (fsqskbk)
- ;dkozr d[nkok ofus
;EkJh - ;/i fB; BhId Bk B?BB Gkt/,
w?ek ghnk fpB B/e Bk ;[jkt/,
nzsok - i?;h c?b ojh uKdBh, s?;' jh nkG{µD pBs,
pBk nk;k w/oh wj[wdµk,
;dkozrhb/ e' d/t G/t ;/i fB;.
15
(nkokwgfsek BkfJek) okr wkbe"I; (fsqskb)
-;dkozr-
;EkJh - gkfJb eh MBeko p?oBhnk,
MB MB pki/ e?;/ w'o/,
ghnk ;/ fwbB e' ikT{I np w?I.
nzsok - ftojk ;/ sB skg sgs j?
nzr nzr ;p nkr ojhbk
;dkozr T[ms ihnk jPe.
16
T[go'es pzfdµk d/ ftZu fynkb µ?bh d/ ;[Gkt w[skpe µpdK dh u'D
ehsh rJh j?. fit/I fe fynkb dh gfjbh pzfdµ ftZu *BhId Bk B?BB Gkt/* ns/
d{ih pzfdµ ftZu ™gkfJb eh MBeko´ ns/ ™p?oBhnK´ ns/ shih pzfdµ ftZu ™w/o/
xo nkfJbk´ nkfd µpdK ftZu nkbkgukoh ns/ tZy-tZy feqnktK dh ;jkfJsk
;EkJh - nki w'o/ xo nkfJbk ;[ws fgnko eo'rh,
ndkozr ;/ ozrobhnK.
nzsok - nso norik ;[rzX p;B gfjo c[btB ;/i.
fpSkTI{ u[B u[B ebhnK.
14 gzH Gksyzv/, eqfwe g[;se wkfbek, Gkr 3, gzBk 156
15 Ujh, gzBk 663
16 ;qah feq;aBk Bzd ftnk;, ;zrhs okr ebgdq[w, gzBk 305
230
Bkb fFzrko o; dk gqrNktk j' ;edk j?. ed/-ed/ fynkb rhs d/ ;EkJh Gkr
ftZu xZN µpd j[zd/ jB ns/ nzso/ ftZu nzBfsnkBgqk; ofjzdk j?, fi; eoe/ rhs
ouBk dk skbw/b ;jh bZrdk j?. T[dkjoD-
;EkJh - p[bk bk nkbh fµnkw;[zdo pBwkbh
17
nzsok - d/yjz{ B?B-Goh o;hnk eh ;'jBh ;Pos fBokbh wstkbh
fyankb Fpd dk tZy-tZy e'FK ftZu fJZe noE @fXnkB# th j?.
..
fynkb ftZu fJ; soK dhnK eJh pzfdµK jB. fynkb ftZu fµzrkoe
ouBktK dh frDsh fiankdk j?. fµzrko d/ ;zi'r-fti'r s'II nbktk fJ; µ?bh d/
;kfjs ftZu eJh j'o ftµ/ th jB fit/I- o[Zs toBD, fJµto dk r[DrkB,
okfinK-wjkokfinK dk r[DrkB, Bto;, Bhsh ;zpzXs, feqµB bhbk, ftnkj ;zpzXs,
;zrhse f;XKs, µqh feqµB gq/w, r'ghnK Bkb µh feqµB ih dh S/VSkV, pz;oh
tkdB nkfd ftfµnK Bkb ;zpzXs pzfdµK, ;z;koe BkfJe BkfJek T[&Zs/ nkXkos
pzfdFK nkfd. fynkb µ?bh fJe nfijh y[{p;{os rkfJeh j?, fi; ftZu ;[oK dk
ft;Eko fiankdk ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; rkfJB µ?bh dk fJZe-fJZe sZs fe;/ th o;-
Gkt Bz{ ;kfynks eoB ftZu g{oh soK ;fj:'r fdzdk j?. g{oh gd ouBk dk ;ko
iK fBu'V dZ;D tkb/ iK w[Zy µpdK Bz{ tZy-tZy ;[oK nbkg-skB nkfd feqnktK dh
;jkfJsk Bkb nbr-nbr YzrK ftZu gq;s[s ehsk iKdk j?, fi; s'II pzfdµ dk
fFzrkoe Gkt ;gZI;aN j' iKdk j?.
18
17 vkH ;[GdZok u"Xoh dk b/y fynkb e/ fBpZX n'o nfBpZX ek ft;ab/;aD, ;zrhs (fynkb nze 1976),gzBk 9 18 d/y', fJ; y'i ekoi dk nfXnkfJ u"Ek, gzBk 133
fynkb
dhnK pj[s ;kohnK pzfdµK Grsh o; dhnK jB. Grsh o; dhnK pzfdµK ftZu
fjzd{ d/th d/tsk ns/ w[;bw gho, nZbkj, o;{b, y[dk, ftfµnK T[Zs/ nXkos
pzfdµK th fwbdhnK jB. Grsh o; dhnK pzfdµK ftZu th Grsh fµzrko dk o{g
t/fynk ik ;edk j?. fJjBK pzfdµK ftZu gqG{ dh T[;ss d/ Bkb-Bkb T[jBK d/
o{g ;z[dosk dk toBD ehsk iKdk j?. efjD dk Gkt j? fe fynkb µ?bh ftZu
;z;koe ns/ Grsh fµzrko dhnK gd ouBktK fwbdhnK jB. fµzrko s'IA nbktk
231
fJ; µ?bh ftZu µKs, eo[D, o; dhnK ouBKtK th fwbdhnK jB. fynkb ftZu
fti'r fµzrko dhnK eJh pzfdµk jB. n;b ftZu wZXekb d/ d"okB fynkb µ?bh
dk gquko pj[s tZX ikD eoe/ fJ;d/ ;kfjs ftzu brGr jo gqeko d/ o; ns/
ftµ/ Bz{ gqrNkfJnk frnk.
6H6 fynkb µ?bh dhnK fµzrko o; goe ouBktK d/ T[dkjoD L-
(Fqh feqFB bhbk T[&Zs/ nXkos fyankb ouBktK)
okr bfbs (wZX fsqskb)
19
okr s'IVh (tZvk fynkb)
;EkJh - eKeohnK Bk wko' wjkB/, Yhm bzrotk w'o/ nzrtk, ;Gh
d/ys j? b[rtk.
nzsok - s[we' eBjkJh bki Bk nkts, jwe' ™;zdkozr´ :{ jh
;skt' w'j/..
20
okr ;kozr (fsqskb)
;EkJh - d?nk pN d{Go GJh,
w?ek bzrotk GoB B d/s rrohnk J/ d?nk.
nzsok - fpjkB s'Io/ ;zr e?;/ ikT[_ ;iBh phu wKM
mkv', ™;dkozr´ T[ue?nk d?nk..
21
gqDt ozr ;[y gkt/.
;EkJh - w[obh pikJ/ ekB,
fwqd{ w[;ekt/ B?B Bukt/,
g[fB g[fB rkt/ wBjh_ foMkt/L-
nzsok - gBxN nkt/ xNjh d[okt/,
o;eh pshnK fBr{V ;[Bkt/,
19 gzH Gksyzv/, eqfwe g[;se wkfbek, Gkr 4, gzBk 497 20 Ujh, Gkr 2, gzBk 454 21 gzH Ueko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh, Gkr 1, gzBk 42-43
232
µqh feqµB ih d/ o{g, ;z[do Sp T[&Zs/ nXkos fyankb ouBktK L-
okr fµzqr/oh (gzH gKv{ozr nKp/oeo)
22
w[;bwkBK ftZu_'A e[M ;{chnK dhnK Grsh Gog{o ouBktK fijBK ftZu ™gq/w
dh ghV´ dk toBD ;h, Bz{ th ™fynkb´ BK jh fdZsk frnk.
;EkJh - wX[o w[;ekB
J/ ;Kto/ ;b'B/ do; fdykt/.
nzsoK - us[o s'Ioh n?;h Biao pKtoh
™nwo´ w[Me' foMkt/..
23
fynkb
µkj p[ojkB[dhB
ikBw dk fbfynk fyankb rhsL-
24
™
ikBw´ dh fJ; ouBk ftZu iht nkswk, gowkswk Bkb fwbB bJh
sVgdh j? ns/ p?okrD j' rJh j?. fµzrko o; dh fdqµNh s'II T[go'es fynkb
™np ;zd/;k w[M;/ j? µj ek ip ep Gkr'I nzso fwb/!
gho gq/w e/ j/V/ w/o/ B?B'I wKM i'A ezeo fwb/!
fB; fdB ikr/ fpoj wkoh B BhIdk d/y/ B?b gV/!
gbe/I w/oh nkr pb/ feT[I ;gB/ d/y{z ;' yV/.
e"b ghnk s[M nk; brh wB nk; brh s[M gk; ojB!
ip ek MK;k j? w[M bkfJnk fJe fsb w[M/ ;k; oj?I!
Bk ek gBhnk w[Me' bkrk, b'r fdtkBh d/y jz;?I!
ir eh jK;h fenk w[M j'J/, ej' f;ohiB ejK p;?I!´´
22 beFwh BkokfJD ror, ;zrhs (iBtoh 2006) - fGzvhpkiko xokDk nze, gzBk 121-122
23 nukfonk pqj;gsh, w[;bwkB n'o Gkosh: ;zrhs, gzBk 112-113
24 T[jh, gzBk 112-113
233
ouBk fti'r fµzrko iK ftgqbzG fµzrko Bz{ doµkT[Idh j?. fynkb ;a?bh dhnK
pzfd;aK Gkt/A T[j Grsh o; dhnK j'D iK ;z;koe ns/ nfXnkse f;zrko Bkb
i[VhnK j'JhnK, T[jBK ftZu iht nkswk iK BkfJek B{z nkgD/ BkfJe iK fJ;aN d/
do;aB, gq/w ns/ gkqgsh dh nfGbk;ah fdykfJnk iKdk j?.
fyankb pko/ ehs/ T[go'es toBD s'I gsk ubdk j? fe fynkb ;a?bh ftZu
;apdK iK gd ouBk dk wjZst sK j[zdk j? gozs{ fJj wjZst Xo[gd ;a?bh Bkb'I
xZN j[zdk j?. fynkb dh pzfd;a d/ ;EkJh-nzso/ d/ ;apdK ftZu e[M ;apd nfij/
ou/ iKd/ jB fijBK okjhI pzfd;a dk Gkt ;kjwD/ fbnkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; soK
d/ w[Zy ;apdK dk ft;Eko ;[oK d/ tZy-tZy gq:'r ns/ ebgBk okjh_ ehsk iKdk j?
i' fe pj[s nkeo;ae j[zdk j?. fJ;/ eoe/ fynkb ftZu ;zg{oB gd ouBk dk
wjZst xZN j[zdk j? ns/ ;[oK dh y{p;{os ft;Eko ftXhnK T[&Zs/ fiankdk fXnkB
fdZsk iKdk j?. fJZe f;ZX fynkb ebkeko d/ fynkbK dh T[vkoh sK ;o'fsnK d/
wB B{z fJzBh ;aKsh gqdkB eodh j? fe ;ao's/ th nkgD/ nkg B{z *fXnkB dh
nt;Ek ftZu wfj;{; eod/ jB ns/ fJ; ;wkXh dh nt;Ek ftZu_'A T[j T[; ;w_/A
pkjo fBebd/ gqshs j[zd/ jB, id'I_A e'Jh e[;ab fynkb rkfJe nkgD/ rkfJB dh
y{p;{os Yzr Bkb ;wkgsh eodk j?.
6H7 m[woh F?bh dhnK ftF/FsktK ns/ fFzrko o;
fynkb ;a?bh dhnK ft;a/;asktK d/ w/b Bkb fJZe Bt/A gqeko dh rkfJB
;a?bh dk gquko j'fJnk, fi;B[z{ *m[woh ;a?bh* fejk iKdk j?. T[&Zso Gkosh ;zrhs
dhnK wjZstg{oB ;a?bhnK ftZu_'A *m[woh ;a?bh* ftZu ;ak;soh ns/ b'e ;zrhs d'jK
dh Mbe fdykJh fdzdh j?. t/yD ftZu Gkt_/A fJ; ;a?bh d/ rhs ;XkoD bZrd/ j'D
gozs{ fJjBK rhsK d/ GktK dk gqrNktk eoB bJh pj[s nfGnk; dh iao{os
j[zdh j?. Gkt/I fJj ;a?bh b'e ;zrhs d/ B/V/ fiankdk j? gozs{ fJ; dh gqGkt;akbh
gq;s[sh bJh ;ak;soh ;zrhs d/ fB:wK dk frnkB j'Dk ns/ e[M jZd sZe T[jBK
dk gkbD eoBk th iao{oh j[zdk j?. m[woh ;a?bh d/ gquko-gq;ko dk ;zpzX ntX d/
Btkp tkfiad nbh ;akj (1840-1870) Bkb i'fVnk iKdk j?. T[jBK d[nkok m[woh
;a?bh B[{z fJZe ftbZyD ;a?bh tZi'AI gq;s[s ehsk frnk ns/ ;wki ftZu fJ;dh
234
b'efgqnsk tXh. m[woh dhnK ft;/a;asktK ftZu'IA ;G s'IA_ gqw[Zy ft;/a;ask j?-*Gkt
gqdo;aB*. m[woh, Gkt gqXkB rkfJB ftXk j?. Gkt B{z ;gZ;aN eoB bJh m[woh
ftZu fJZe s'IA tZX okrK ns/ brGZr ;ko/ ;[oK d/ gq:'r eoB dh S[ZN j? feT[Ife
fJ; ;a?bh dk w[Zy be;a? jh GktK dk gqdoFB eoBk j?. m[woh ftZu GktK dk
fJzBk ;iht gqrNktk ehsk iKdk j? fe ;o'fsnK dhnK nZyK Bw j' iKdhnK jB.
m[woh ftZu fiankdkso f;azrko ns/ gq/w-fwbB nkfd ftf;anK Bkb ;zpzXs ;kfjs
fwbdk j?. fJ; ftZu okXk-feq;aB dh gq/w bhbktK dk GktwJh gqrNktk th ehsk
iKdk j? fijVk fe Grsh Gog{o j[zdk j?.fJjBK ftf;anK s'IA fJbktk m[woh ftZu
BkfJe-BkfJek f;azrko i' fe ftbk; Gog{o j?, nkfd ftfFnK T[Zs/ nXkos pzfd;aK
th jB. m[woh ;a?bh dhnK pzfd;aK bJh o;wJh ;apdK iK nfij/ ;apd fijBK
okjhA pzfd;a dk Gkt gqrNkfJnk ik ;e/ ns/ i' m[woh d/ ;[Gkn d/ w[skpe j'D,
dh jh tos'IA ehsh iKdh j?. e[M T[dkjoBK t/y' L-
(feq;aB bhbk Bkb ;zpzfXs ouBk)
okr G?oth F fszBskb
25
fJ; gd ouBk dh yk;hns fJj j? fe fJ; dh ouBk okr G?oth ns/
fszBskb ftZu pZX eoe/ ehsh rJh j?. okr G?oth fw;aos iK ;zehoB gqfeosh
dk okr j?, fi; ftZu eJh okrK dk fw;aoD ehsk ik ;edk j?. okr G?oth d/
ft;Eko dk y/so pj[s tZvk j? ns/ m[woh ;a?bh ftZu sK fJZe s'IA tZX okrK d/
gq:'r ehs/ ik ;ZeD dk fB:w j'D eoe/, fJ; ;a?bh bJh *okr G?oth* fpbe[b
;EkJh - vro w'oh SKV' SKV' S?btk
w'oh wkB' ih wkB' ih wkB' ih BNtko/.
nzsok - rfbB rfbB e' iKus v'bs
pkBh ejs jkoh bbB ghnk
BNyNDk pJhnK B rj' B rj'
w'oh B rj' n?;/ S?btk.
25 ;aqhwsh bhbk ekotkb, m[woh gohu?n, gzBk 60-61
235
Y[ZetK okr j?. fJ; pzfd;a bJh fszB skb B{z u[fDnk frnk j?, i' fe fJZe
b'efgqn skb j?. fJ; skb dh y{p;{osh fJj j? fe fJ;dh gfjbh wksok s'IA b?
e/ ;'bthI wksok sZe jo/e wksok B{z rkfJB ftZu ftZfusosk g?dk eoB bJh,
fsjkJhnK bJh, pzfd;a d/ w[yV/ B{z tZy-tZy Yzr Bkb geV e/ ;w T[&Zs/ nkD
bJh, S'INh-S'INh skBK, w[oehnK b? e/ rb/ dh ebkekoh fdykD bJh gq:'r ehsk
ik ;edk j?. fszB skb ftZu rkfJB-tkdB eod/ j'J/ ebkeko ;fji wfj;{;
eodk j? ns/ fJ; skb ftZu ebkeko nkgDh skb dh fsnkoh B{z py{ph fdyk
;edk j?. T[go'es m[woh dh pzfd;a ftZu Gkt gqdo;aB bJh eJh ;apd wjZst
g{oB jB fit/A_ fe ;EkJh ftZu vro w'oh SKV' iK vro w'oh, SKV' iK SKV'
S?btk, wkB' ih wkB' ih iK wkB' ih fJ; soK ;apdK B{z tZy-tZy, fJeZm/ o{g ftZu
iK ebkeko dh p[ZXh d/ nB[;ko tZy-tZy YzrK Bkb p'b e/ pzfd;a dk Gkt
gqrNkfJnk ik ;edk j?. fJ; pzfd;a d/ nzso/ ftZu_'A e[M ;apd-v'bs iK iKus
v'bs, jkoh, BNyNtk, pJhnK B rj', w'oh B rj', n?;/ S?btk nkfd B{[z tZy-tZy
nzdkia ftZu p'b e/ Gkt gqdo;aB ehsk ik ;edk j?. fJj gd ouBk m[woh
;a?bh dhnK ft;a/;asktK ns/ ;[Gkn w[skpe j?. T[dkjoD L-
(;z;koe f;azrko dhnK pzfd;aK)
okr G?oth - is skb (ftbzps)
26
m[woh F?bh dhnK pzfdFK dh wBw'je Fpdktbh, Gkt gqdoFB ftZu
;jkfJe pDdh j?.fJ; soK m[woh ;a?bh ftZu g{oh eftsk jh gqXkB j[zdh j? ns/
;EkJh - pki{pzd y[b y[b ikJ/
ikJ/ o/
;Ktohnk B/ ikd{ wkok.
nzsok - ikd{ eh g[Vhnk Go-Go wko/,
nzuok T[Vh-T[Vh ikJ/ o/..
26 ;aqhwsh bhbk ekotkb, m[woh gohu?n, gzBk 57
236
Gkt-gqrNktk eodh j?.
27
fJ; soK Gkosh ;zrhs ftZu *m[woh* B{z f;zarko o; B{z ;G s'I tZX
gqrNkT[D tkbh ;?abh fejk ik ;edk j?. m[woh dh T[sgZsh d/ tZy-2 sZsK s'II th
gsk ubdk j? fe fJj ;a?bh ;zg{oB s"o s/ f;zarkoe fposh dh j?. m[woh dk
;zpzX gqk;kfdeh Xo[tk-fi;B{z *ozrokrgq;kdiBBh* fejk iKdk j?, e?f;aeh ftqsh i'
fe f;azrkoo; gqXkB j[zdh j?, Bkdtsh rD?bk- i' fe f;zarko o;, e?f;aeh ftqsh,
ftZfuso XtBh tkbh, toDK ns/ nbzekok Bkb ;ih, ;G dk oziB eoB tkbh
j[zdh j?, Gk;ak okr-fi; ftZu eJh okrK dh T[sgZsh ns/ nbkg dh ;aesh j[zdh
j?, ftGk;ak - fi; ftZu nkgDh fJZSk d/ nB[;ko gq:'r ns/ oziesk j[zdh j?,
o[ge, okr nbkgsh-fi; ftZu okr, ;EkJh, Xks{, okr nz;a, wks{ d/ tZy-2 Bt/I
gqeko pDd/ jB ns/ okr dk gqrNktk, rhs d/ ;apdK B{z tZy-2 Yzr Bkb ;ik
e/ T[jBK ;apdK ftZu jh ;wkJ/ j'J/ eJh ;{yw GktK dk gqrNktk ehsk iKdk j?,
m[woh ftZu eftsk d/ p'b gqXkB j[zd/ jB ns/ id'II ;[oK
Bkb ;ih j'Jh m[woh dh ouBk B{z m[woh d/ y{p;{os ns/ f;azrkoe ;apdK dk
;jkok fwb iKdk j? sK pzfd;a d/ nzdo dk Gkt fJZe ;[zdo o{g Xko b?Idk j?.
m[woh ftZu fJZe ebkeko d/ e'b fJ; rZb dh S[ZN j[zdh j? fe T[j pzfd;a dk
f;zarkoe iK eo[D o;-Gkt nkfd B{z ;[szsok Bkb gqrNk ;e/. pzfd;a d/ Gkt d/
gqdo;aB bJh ebkeko d/ e'b whIv, rwe, yNek, w[oeh, rb/ dh eJh joesK,
jbe/-c[be/ Gkt Gog{o nkbkg, S'INh-S'INh skBK, tZy-2 okrK dk fw;aoB, nkfd
;jkfJe sZsK tZi_' w"i{d j[zd/ jB. m[woh ftZu T[go'es eJh ;zrhse sZsK dh
w"i{drh d/ pkti{d th m[woh d/ p'b jh gqXkB ofjzd/ jB. fe;/ fpojBh BkfJek
dh ;aohoe e'wbsk iK fjod? dh ghV dk fizBk ;{yw toBD m[woh ;a?bh ftZu
;zGt j' ;edk j?, UBK ;akfJd fynkb ;a?bh ftZu Bjh_ j' ;edk feT[_fe nfijk
eoBk fynkb ;a?bh d/ ;[Gkn w[skpe Bjh_ j?. m[woh ftZu ;apdK d/ noE ns/
Gkt w[skpe jh ft;Eko ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; dk gquko g/F/to BosehnK ftZu
fojk fi; eoe/ fJ;dhnK gd ouBktK ftZu f;azrkoe ;apdk dk w/b j'Dk ;[Gkte
j?.
27 vkH wX{pkbk ;e;?Bk, fynkb ;a?bh dk ftek;, gzBk 140
237
u?sh-fpojk- fij/ f;zarko gqXkB b'e rhsK ns/ epho-d[nkok gqrNkJ/ gqG{ gq/w d/
gdK Bkb i'fVnk iKdk j?. fJjBK ;G sZsK s_'A jh m[woh dk ftek; j'fJnk.
28
m[woh ;?abh ftZu T[go'es ft;a/;asktK dk fwbtK o{g fwbdk j?. m[woh rkD d/
fszB gqeko iK ;?abhnK jB fijBK B{z g{oth, gSKjh ns/ gzikph nzr dh m[woh
fejk iKdk j?. m[woh d/ d' gqeko jB pzfd;a iK p'btzv m[woh ns/ p'b
pBkt.
29
pzfd;ah m[woh d/ BK s'II jh ;gZ;aN j' fojk j? fe fJ; ftZu pzfd;a :kBh
fe gd ouBk dk fiankdk wjZst j?. fJ;dh pzfd;a ftZu ;apdK dh ;zfynk
fiankdk j[zdh j? ns/ fJ; ftZu pzfd;a rkT[D s'II pknd E'Vk nkbkg-skB ehsk
iKdk j?.
m[woh ;a?bh bJh uzub ns/ fw;aos gqfeosh d/ okr u[D/ iKd/ jB
fit_/A fe G?oth, ekch, wKv, ghb{ ns/ fJjBK dh gqfeosh Bkb fwbd/ i[bd/ e[M
j'o okr. m[woh ;a?bh dhnK pzfd;aK pqi Gk;ak, yVh p'bh, ntXh, T[od{ nkfd
Gk;aktK ftZu jB. m[woh ftZu jw/;ak s'IA jh b'e Gk;aktK dk gq:'r j[zdk fojk j?
gozs{ fJ;d/ rhsK dh w[Zy Gk;ak *pqiGk;ak* ojh j?.
30
28vkH ;[GZdok u"Xoh dh g[;se Gkoshn ;zrhs w/ skb n'o o{g ftXkB ftZu pBko; fjzd{ ft;atftfdnkb/ dh gZsfoek *gqZfrnk*
(vol viii(2) 1963)ftZu vkH gqwbsk ;aowk d/ b/y "History and origin of Thumri" d/ fJZe ftuko dh ftnkfynk, gzBk 284 29 T[jh, gzBk 285
30 ;aso[xB F[eb, m[woh eh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK, gzBk 205
tZy-tZy b'e GkFktK d/
wX[o FpdK d/ w/b eoe/ m[woh s'I T[sgzB fFzrko o; dh fwnkd fiankdk j[zdh
j?.
238
6H8 m[woh dhnk fFrko o; Gog{o pzfdFK d/ T[dkjoB
(pzfd;a dh m[woh)
m[woh ywki (fsqskb-wZX b?n)
31
okr-jwho (skb-fsqskb)
;EkJh - np ep se so;kJ/ oyh:' ih.
w?A s'I B?B Go Sth d/yB eh j{z roiah..
nzsok - *edo ghnk* w?A s'Ig/ tkoh.
fpB dkw'A ;/ u/oh fsjkoh.
j{z okiah fi;w/I s/oh woiah..
32
okr ywki (skb fsqskb)
;EkJh - ubs ukb nbp/bh nbp/bh-
ej ej{z ;yh tkeh
i'pBtK eh Sth cp
Bt fBoy wB p; rJh
nzsok - uzdqw[yh nsh ;[yh Bkfo -
Btb rks w?B wd u[nks
do;as o;, po;s ozr ;op; Yzr
*bbB ghnk* fgnkoh ;a'Gk efj B iks
;ah;a ;koh ;[xo ;o dJh
33
31 gzH Gksyzv/, eqfwe g[;se wkfbek (d{;oh g[;se), gzBk 128
32 Gkos/Ad{z pkig/Jh, (;zebB eosk ns/ fbgheko) - bbB ghnk eh m[wohnK (Gkr-1), gzBk 6
33 T[jh, gzBk 64
;EkJh - B?B pkfB pKeh, B?BtK fBekJh,
pKeh ozrhbh, pKeh o;hbh,
pKeh Sphbh wkJh.
nzsok - nbh nfbB wkjh_ yVh ;[zdoh,
239
;[jkr Goh n?;h nbp/bh pkb,
*bbB ghnk* gow gqhfs pkYV,
byh tkeh ;[xoskJh..
(p'bpBkt dh m[woh)
m[woh G?oth
34
m[woh G?oth
;EkJh - Bkje bkJ/ rtBtK.. N/e..
no/, nkg s'I ikJ/ fpd/;tk w/ SkJ/..
nzsok - ip ;/ rJ/ w'oh ;[Xj{ B bhBh,
phs'I jh ikJ/ i'pBtK..
Bkje bkJ/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
35
*pkp[b w'ok B?jo S[N'jh ikJ/* fJZe gqf;ZX m[woh ouBk j?, fi;dh ouBk
Btkp tkfiad nbh ;akj (1840-1870 JhH) d[nkok ehsh rJh ;h.
;EkJh - pkp[b w'ok B?jo S{N'jh ikJ/..
nzsok - uko ejko fwb v'bhnk wzrkt'.
ngBk p/rkBk S{N'jh ikJ/..
d'jk
nzrBk s'IA gops G:' d/joh GJh fpd/;
ik pkp[b xo nkgB/ w?_A ubh ghnk e/ d/;.
pkp[b w'ok B?jo S[N'jh ikJ/..
36
34 ;aso[xB ;a[eb, m[woh ;a?bh dh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK ftZu *wBjo ;zrhsktbh* ftZu'IA bJh fJZe m[woh pzfd;a dk t/otk,
gzBk 207 35 gzH Gksyzv/ ,eqfwe g[;se wkfbek, Gkr-2, gzBk 397
36 n?;H pzd'gkfXnkJ/, fJzvhnB fwT{fiae Eo{ d J/fiia, gzBk 117
m[woh ;a?bh dh
ouBktK ftZu fJZe n"os tZb'_A gq/w fwbB iK fti'r dh ghVk dk gqrNktk ehsk
iKdk j?. fJ; d/ ;kfjs ftZu ;zi'r ns/ fti'r d'jK soK d/ f;azrko o{g B[z{
t/fynk ik ;edk j?. m[woh ns/ fynkb ftZu nzso fJj j? fe m[woh ftZu gq/w
240
Gkt dk y[Zbk toBD j? id fe fynkb ;a?bh ftZu g/qw nkfd ftf;anK dk toBD
;hwkpZX j[zdk j?. m[woh d/ ;kfjs ftZu fwbB, ;zi'r f;azrko nt;Ek, gqhsw dk
;zr ns/ gq/w Goh S/V-SkV, ghqsw Bkb o[ZmDk-wBkT[Dk, ftS[VDk, fti'r dh
nt;Ek ns/ fti'r s'IA T[gih ghV dk fuZsoB ehsk iKdk j?. d{i/ ;apdK ftZu
n;h_ efj ;ed/ jK fe m[woh ftZu gq/w, Grsh, gq/wnk;Zesh, y[;ah, rwh, o[ZmDk-
wBkT[Dk, nk;-fBok; nkfd eJh GktK dk gqrNktk fdykJh fdzdk j?. e[M
T[dkjoDK L-
(fti'r f;azrko)
37
fsbe ekw'd - fsqskb
m[woh i'rhnk uKuo (dhguzdh), ftbzps b?n
;EkJh - phs rJh ;koh o?B ;yh oh.
w'j/ ghnk fpB frBs sko/..
nzsok - nyhnK w'oh dtko/ brh j?I.
ep xo nkt'Ar/ ghnk fgnko/..
38
okr-ywki - gzikph skb
;EkJh - ekrk o/ ik o/ ik o/,
ghnk ;/ ;zd/;k w'ok ejh:' ik..
ekrk o/ ik o/ ik o/ HHHHHHHHH
nzsok - :kd nkts w'j/ T[B eh pshnK
ebBk gos ihnk ik o/ HHHHHHHHH
(gq/w Goh S/VSkV Bkb ;pzfXs m[woh ouBk)
39
37 ;aso[xB F[eb, dh g[;se m[woh dh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK ftZu *wBjo ;zrhsktbh* ftZu'IA_ bJh rJh fJZe m[woh ouBk,
gzBk 211 38 okik G?nk g[zStkb/, m[woh sozfrBh, gzBk 13
39 T[jh, gzBk 3
;EkJh - J/ oh J/ w?A s'I;/ BkjhI p'b{z o/
pkbw S/V' ws ikt'.
241
nzsok - po i'oh eo w'oh pJhnK wo'oh
pkbw ihnk Bk ibkt'..
okr-ywki fsqskb (wZXb?n)
40
okr izrbk - gzikph skb
;EkJh - nki w'oh ebkJh w[oe rJh,
wkB' w'oh pks ekBjk,
w'oh bki bJh.
nzsok - *Bioghnk* s[w wkBs ekj/ BkjhA
vro ubs w';/ eos oko s[w
;[B/r/ b'r, ub' ikB/ d' GJh ;' GJh.
fJZe j'o m[woh dh gd ouBk t/y'. fJ; pzfd;a ftZu Grsh Gkt t/fynk
ik ;edk j?L-
41
m[woh fJZe fJ;soh gqXkB rkfJB ;a?bh j?, fi; ftZu gq/w Bkb ;zpzXs tZy-
tZy fuZsoK dk gqrNktk fJZe fJ;soh iK BkfJek gZy tZb'_A jh ehsk iKdk j?.
pzfd;aK ftZu BkfJe iK g[oF dh w'i{drh dk nfj;k; sK j[zdk j? gozs{ BkfJe
u[Zg (w{e) jh ofjzdk j? pbfe BkfJe d[nkok ehsh rJh rZb-pks, S/V-SkV,
o[Z;D-wBkT[D, ;"sB e'b iK ftd/;a ub/ ikD, osh t/b/ BkfJe tZb'A ehshnK
;EkJh - w[obh tkb/ f;ankw w'j/ wkor
B/e pskt' o/,
w[obh tkb/ HHHHHHHHHHHHH
nzsok - ;zr Bjh_ ;j/bh ofj ne/bh
fes Bjh_ ;{Ms rKt o/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
w[obh tkb/ HHHHHHHHHHHHH
40 okik G?nk g[zStkb/, m[woh sozfrBh, gzBk 4-5
41 Ujh, m[woh sozfrBh, gzBk 27-28
242
rJhnK feqnktK dk fiaeo th BkfJek d[nkok jh ehsk iKdk j?. fJ;soh iK
BkfJek f;azrko o; dk w[Zy nzr j? ns/ m[woh ;a?bh fe;/ BkfJek d/ gq/w ;zpzXh
GktK B{[z gqrNkT[D bJh T[&Zsw wkfXnw j?. fJ; B[{z *GktK dk nkJhBk* fejk
frnk j?.
42
m[woh
w/o/ w[skfpe m[woh fJ;soh d/ wB dhnK e'wb ns/ ;{yw GktBktK
dk nkfJBk j?.
m[woh dhnK gd ouBktK eJh Gk;aktK ftZu fit/_A fe ntXh, yVh p'bh,
T[od{ nkfd Gk;aktK ftZu th jB. pqi Gk;ak ftZu ouh m[wohnK d/ e[M T[dkjoD
fgZS/ fdZs/ ik u[Ze/ jB. e[M j'o Gk;aktK ftZu m[woh dhnK pzfd;aK d/ T[dkjoD
fJ; soK jB L-
(yVh p'bh ftZu m[woh ouBk)
43
m[woh
;EkJh - J/oh r[JhnK, w?A e?;/ G/i{z gksh,..N/e..
edo ghnk e' e?;/ G/i{z gksh..
nzsok - J/e s'I gkfgB o?B nzX/oh, d{i/ ;{Bh ;/i BkfrB.
shi/ w/ok pkbk i'pB, jkJ/ ;iksh..
g{oph fjzdh Gk;ak ftZu m[woh ouBk, fi; ftZu ntXh d/ Bkb-Bkb G'ig[oh
dk ozr th t/fynk ik ;edk j?.
44
m[woh
;EkJh - J/ oh d?nk, w'oh M{bBh j/okBh.
nzsok - w{zd fetotk w?A i' ;'Jh,
Ghso ;'t? d/tok.
fGB;otk eh Bh_d, w'oh M{bBh j/okBh..
(T[od{ Gk;ak ftZu m[woh_)
45
42 ;[;ahbk fw;aok, byBT{ eh ;zrhs gozgok, gzBk 11
43 ;aso[xB ;a[eb,m[woh eh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK, gzBk 206
44 T[jh, gzBk 207 45 ;aso[xB F[eb, m[woh dh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK, - gzBk 208
243
;EkJh - ngB/ ;afjiakd/ nkbw e/ bhJ/,
izrb ;jok fpnkpkB fcoh.
nzsok - sB yke wbh, ecaBh gjBh,
eo i'pB ek ;kwkB ubh.. ngB/ HHHHHHHHH
nzsok 2- T[&Zso, dZfyB, g{op, gZfSw,
fdZbh ;afjo, w[bskB fcoh.. ngB/HHHHHHHHHHHHH
(gzikph Gk;ak ftZu m[woh)
m[woh (fsqskb-wZXb?n)
46
Xo[gd dh µ[o{nks ftZu ft;Ekog{ote B'ws'Iw dk nkbkg j[zdk j? fijVk
fe ftbzps b?n s'II do[Zs b?n tZb j'bh-j'bh rsh Bz{ tXk e/ ehsk iKdk j?.
nkbkg fiT[I-fiT[I ftbpzs b?n s'II do[Zs b?n tZb tZXdk j? T[;/ soQK Xo[gd d/
o{g fBowkD d/ nXko dh fsnkoh µ[o{ j' iKdh j? ns/ ;o'fsnK d/ wB ftZu e[M
;EkJh - d/y' ;'Dk w?B{z Sb pb ngBh fdyKdk..
nzsok - Bkia' ndk eo t/ uzub ekfwBh t/.
B?B'A dh ;?B ubKdk, tkoh t/ ubKdk..
nzsok 2- B?B brk bhB' t/ fJ;aedk sB wB t/.
fJ;ae dh nkr brKdk, tkoh t/ brKdk..
fJ; soK m[woh ;a?bh fi; y/so ftZu gquZfbs j'Jh T[; T[_&Zs/ T[&ZE_'A dh b'e
Gk;ak dk n;o j[zdk fojk ns/ T[; ftZu Bth_ Gk;aktK d/ ;apdK dk w/b j[zdk
fojk. f;ZN/ ti'A_ m[woh ftZu o; dh fwnkd tZXdh rJh feT[Ife tZy-tZy Gk;aktK d/
y{p;{os GktwJh p'bK, T[dkjoD tZi_'A T[go'es tZy-tZy Gk;aktK dh pzfd;aK ftZu'IA_
e[M y{p;{os ;apd fit_/A fe r[JhnK, gksh, gkfgB, pkbk i'pB, d/tok, M{bBh,
i'pB, ;'Dk, Bkia' ndk, ekfwBh, B?B'A eh ;?B, fJ;ae dh nkr nkfd ;apdK dk
w/b j'D Bkb m[woh dk o;-Gkt gZy gqpb j[zdk fojk.
6H9 rkB ftµ/µsktK ftub/ nzso
(T) nkozfGe nbkg ns/ T[;dk gqGkt
46 ;aso[xB F[eb, m[woh dh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK, gzBk 209
244
p/u?Bh ysw j' iKdh j? ns/ wB ;[e{B dk nB[Gt eodk j?. do[s b?n ftZu iK
nkozGe nkbkg eoB s'II pknd id'II fJZedw pzfd;a dk rkfJB µ[o{ ehsk iKdk j?
sd T[j ;EkB Xo[gd iK fe;/ th rkfJB ;?abh dk w[Zy ;"IIdo: ;EkB j[zdk j?
feTI[fe nkbkg fJZe fBokeko ouBk j? fi; dh e'Jh Gk;ak BjhI j?, ;apd BjhI
j?. fBokeko j[zd/ j'J/ th nkbkg ftZu fJsBh ;aesh j? fe T[j fe;/ okr d/
;to{g B{z ;keko eo fdzdk j?. nkbkg dh feqnk ;o'fsnK d/ wB d/ ftekoK B{[z
d{o eodh j? ns/ fJzdohnK B[{z fJekrosk gqdkB eodh j?. fJ; soK B'ws'Iw iK
nkeko d[nkok ehs/ nozGe nbkg d[nkok Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh ;?abh ftZu
fJZe nfij/ nkXko dh BhIt oZyh iKdh j?, fi; T[&Zs/ fJjBK rkfJB ;?abhnK B{z
fJZe ;[zdo d/t w{osh dh soK ;Ekgs ehsk iKdk j?. nkozGe nkbkg d[nkok
fsnko ehs/ rJ/ nXko dk o{g Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh ftZu tZy-2 j[zdk j?.
nkozGe nkbkg B{z ;[D e/ ;o's/ d/ wB ftZu g?dk j'Jh fifrnk;k iK T[s;kj jh
T[;dh Xo[gd rkfJB ftZu o[uh B{z tXkT[Idk j?.
fynkb ;?abh d/ nozG ftZu ehs/ ikD tkbk nkeko dk nkbkg B'w-s'Iw d/
nkbkg fijk ft;Ekog{ote BjhI j[zdk feT[IIfe nkozGe kbkg s'II nbktk th fynkb
dk y/so pj[s tZvk j[zdk j? ns/ fynkb ;?abh dh y{p;{osh, fJ; ftZu ehs/ ikD
tkb/ skb pZX nkbkgK ftZu j?. fynkb ;?abh ftZu nkbkg dk wjZst j[zdk j? ns/
rkfJe fynkb dh pzfd;a d/ fe;/ w[Zy ;apd B{z b? e/ nkbkgukoh okjhI okr d/
nw{os o{g B{z w{os o{g d/D dh e'f;a;a eodk j?.T[dkjoB tZi'I L- okr e/dko
ftZu ouh fJ; fynkb dh pzfd;a
;EkJh L
dk w[Zy Gkt nkgD/ gqhsw d/ ftS'IV/ ftZu sVg ojh fJZe fpojBh BkfJek dh wB'
;fEsh dk toBD eoBK j?. fynkb ;?abh ftZu ehs/ ikD tkbk nkozGe nfBpZX
nkbkg f;oca okr d/ ;o{g B[{z ekfJw eodk j? idfe pzfd;a rkD s'II pknd ehs/
;/i fB; BhId Bk B?BB Gkt/,
w?Iek ghnk fpB B/e Bk ;[jkt/.
245
ikD tkb/ skb pZX nkbkg pzfd;a d/ o;-Gkt d/ nB[;ko jh ehs/ iKd/ jB.
T[go'es pzfd;a ftgqbzG f;zarko dh j? ns/ fJ; ftZu ftojk dk fJj Gkt ;gZ;aN
j? fe BkfJek B{[z nkgD/ gqhsw d/ nkgD/ e'b Bk j'D dh jkbs ftZu e[M th
uzrk BjhI bZrdk. uKdBh dk fybBk, nkG{;aDk (rfjD/) dk uzrk Bk bZrDk ns/
oks B[{z fJZeb/ BhId Bk nkT[D dk Gkt w[Zy j?. fJ; pzfd;a d/ ftgqbzG fFzrko iK
fti'r Gkt ns/ BkfJek dh wB dh ;fEsh B{z ;o'fsnK nZr/ ;gZ;aN eoB dk
ekoi fynkb rkfJe eodk j?. ;[oK d/ tZy-2 soK d/ gq:'r fijBK B{z ;zrhse
Gk;ak ftZu toD feqnk fejk iKdk j?, nbzeoD-fit/I fe whIv, w[oeh, eD nkfd,
eke{ G/d (nktkia B{z tZy-2 YzrK Bkb brkT[Dk) ns/ ebgBk ;aesh d/ nXko s/
ebkeko d[nkok nbkgukoh d/ d"okB Gkt gqrNkt/ d/ tZy-2 w[ekwK B{z S'IfJnk
iKdk j?. fi; soK d[Zy dh nt;Ek ftZu e'Jh fJ;soh iK e'Jh th ftnesh
nkgD/ wB dh ghVk B[{z, jo gqeko Bkb dZ;D dk :sB eodk j?. T[j nkgDh
ghV B{z ;G d/ nZr/ ;gZ;aN eoB bJh eJh soK d/ jkt-Gkt, p'bD dk Yzr
nkfd okjhI nkgD/ wB dh ghV B[z{ gqrNkT[D ftZu ;cb j' iKdk j? ns/ ;[BD
tkb/ ftnesh d/ wB ftZu th jwdodh iK Ujh Gkt g?dk eo fdzdk j?, i' fe
T[;d/ wB ftZu j[zd/ jB. fJ; feqnk B{z rkfJB ftZu gqdo;as eoBk fJZe u[B"sh
Gfonk ezw j?, fi; B{z fe fynkb rkfJe py{ph fBGkT[Idk j?. pzfd;a ukj/ Grsh,
eo[D, f;zarko (;zi'r-fti'r) fe;/ th o; T[&Zs/ nXkos j't/, ;[oK okjhI pzfd;a dk
;zi'r iK ftgqbzG Gkt gqrNkT[D bJh tZy-2 ;zrhse feqnktK ns/ sZsk dk gq:'r
ehsk iKdk j?. m[woh ;?abh f;zarkoe fposh dh ;?abh j'D d/ Bkb-2 fJ;soh
gqXkB ;?abh j?. fJ; ftZu fJ;soh d/ wB d/ gq/w, fwbB-ftS'IV/ d/ tZy-2 gfjb{nK
ns/ ekw tk;Bk Bkb ;zpzXs ftf;anK dk gqrNktk pV/ jh ;{yw Yzr Bkb ehsk
iKdk j?. m[woh ftZu Grsh-gq/w dhnK ouBktK ftZu okXk -feq;aB d/ gq/w, osh,
ok; feqnk nkfd B{z gqrNkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; soK fJ; ;a?bh dh ft;/a;ask fJ;dh
f;azrkoe fposh j? ns/ m[woh ftZu Gkt-gqdo;aB eod/ ;w/I fJ;dh f;zarkoe fposh
B{z ekfJw oZyD bJh fJ;dh gd-ouBk B{z pV/ jh GktwJh Yzr Bkb rkfJnk
iKdk j?. m[woh ftZu S'IN/-2 Gkt Gog{o nkbkg j[zd/ jB ns/ fJ; ftZu neko d/
nbkg dh EK s/ p'bK B{z nbkg d/ ;[oK ftZu Ykb e/ gq;s[s ehsk iKdk j?.
246
Gkt/I m[woh ;a?bh ftZu Gkt gqrNkt/ dh feqnk dk wjZst fiankdk j[zdk j? gozs{
fJ; ftZu GktK dk gqrNktk th pzfd;a d/ p'bK T[Zs/ jh nXkos j[zdk j?. fJ;
eoe/ fJ; d/ jbe/-c[be/ nbkg th p'bK T[Zs/ jh ou/ iKd/ jB. gq/w-fgnko,
f;zarko (fwbB-ftS'IV/) dh GktBk B{z Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh ;a?bh nbZr-nbZr o{gK
ftZu gq;s[s eodh j?. Xo[gd ftZu gq/w dk gqrNktk th fJZe d?th-oki;h nzdkia
iK ozr b? bI?Adk j? feT[Ife Xo[gd ftZu okr, ;[o, b?n, gd gq;s[sh ns/ skb
gZy'AI em'o fB:w, T[; d/ o{g ftZu ;aq/;amsk, ;op'swsk dk Gkt g?dk eod/ jB.
fynkb ftZu T[;/ gq/w dk ;kXkoD ns/ ;hwkpZX gqrNktk j? idfe m[woh T[;/ gq/w
dk ftbk;wJh ns/ ;[szso gqdo;aB j?. brGr fJj' nzso ns/ GktBktK fJjBK
rkfJB ;a?bhnK B{z ;[BD t/b/ wB ftZu nB[Gt ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB.
Xo[gd dk nkozGe nbkg ekch d/o sZe nbZr-nbZr b?nK ftZu ehsk
iKdk j?. ;[oK dk rfjB rzGho ;[o brkt, wzdq ;[oK dk fiankdk gq:'r, tZy-tZy
b?nK dk gqdo;aB eoBk nkfd e[M nfijhnK ;zrhse feqnktK jB, fijBK ftZu'IAI
o; dk nB[Gt e/tb ;zrhse p[ZXh tkbk ftnesh jh eo ;edk j?. wzdq ;[oK
dk fiankdk gq:'r, nfs wzdq ;[oK T[Zs/ ntki dk fNekT[Dk, rwe dk gq:'r nkfd
feqnktK rkfJB ftZu rzGhosk dk fBowkD eoB bJh gq:'r j[zdhnK jB. g[okD/
;w/A dh soK nZi eb th rkfJB ftZu fJjBK feqnktK d/ gq:'r eoB dk T[d/;a
rzGhosk, eo[D o; nkfd dh f;oiDk eoBk jh j[zdk j?. nfs wzdq, wzdq ;gse
d/ ;[oK dk em'o nfGnk; Bkb ehsk frnk gqdo;aB ;[D e/ wB y[F sK j[zdk j?
gozs{ fFzrko o; B{z nB[Gt eoB tkbh nt;Ek ftZu BjhI nk gkT[Idk. Gkt fJj
j? fe wB ;fjia BjhI j' gkT[Idk.
m[woh d/ nkozGe ft;Eko bJh th *neko* d/ nbkg rkJ/ iKd/ jB.
m[woh s'IAI f;azrko o; d/ gqrNkt/ bJh T[;d/ nozGe nkbkg d[nkok fe;/ ft;fsqs
G{fwek B{z fsnko eoB dh iao{os BjhA j[zdh feT[Ife m[woh fJZe uzub ;[Gkn
tkbh rkfJB ;a?bh j'D eoe/ fJ;d/ fJZe-fJZe p'b ns/ rkD feqnk okjhA f;azrkoe
Sp gq;s[s ehsh ik ;edh j?. fynkb dk nekfoe nbkg fJZe nfij/ ;fji
247
wkj"b dh f;oiDk eodk j?, fi; ftZu nkg;h gq/w-fgnko dhnK rZbK B{z fJZe
wfonkdk ftZu oZy e/ ehsk iKdk j?. fynkb dk ;o{g ;[BD tkb/ d/ wB B[z{ th
fynkbK ftZu fes/ d{o b? iKdk j?. m[woh dk nkozGe nkbkg finkdk
ft;Ekog{ote Bk j[zd/ j'J/ th nkgDh uzub fposh d[nkok wB dhnK rfjokJhnK
B{z S'Ij iKdk j? ns/ Å[o{nksh nkbkg B{z ;[D e/ jh wB ftZu uzubsk (ekw-;pzXh)
nk iKdh j?. fJ; soK Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh ;a?bh dk nozGe nbkg, f;azrko
o; gqrNkt/ bJh nbZr-nbZr fgZm G{whnK dh BhIt oZydk j?.
(n) pzfdF dk wjZst
nozGe nkbkg s'II pknd Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh nkfd rkD ;?abhnK dk
d{ik wjZstg{oB fjZ;k rhs, pzfd;a iK gd ouBk dk rkfJB j[zdk j?. rhs ftZu
;apd j[zd/ jB, fJ; eoe/ ;apdK B{z ;wMDk nk;kB j[zdk j? gozs{ FpdK d/ nzdo
fSg/ Gkt ns/ ;[oK d/ tZy-tZy gqrNkftnK B{z ;wMD bJh ;zrhse ;{Mp{M dk
j'Dk iao{oh j?. Gkt fJj j? fe eke{ G/d d/ nkXko s/ pzfdF d/ fe;/ fJZe p'b
iK ;[o d/ eJh noE-Gkt eZY/ ik ;ed/ jB. p'bK s'I pzfd;a dh ouBk dk Gkt
;wM nk iKdk j? fe nw[e ouBK Xkowe j?, f;zarkoe j? iK ;aKs o; dh j?
nkfd. T[dkjoD tZi'A fJjBK pzfd;aK dh ouBK t/y'L-
(Xo[gd) okr fpjkr, u"skb
47
iB *p?i{ pkto"* okto", BkE gkJ/ nrw-nBkfd,
gfjbh ouBk ;azeo-
okis uzdqwk bbkN, ;h; iNki{N rzr,
r"oh noXzr ;zr Bzdh tkjB e'j?
G;w nkG{;aB ehn?A, riuow n"Y?,
wkoszv fBos eos j? Xo?A pj[o{g ;'j?}
ftnkb j{ ft;kb, ;'fGs pzdBk ;[y ;dBk,
e?bk; ftbk;h f;t-;esh ;zi[es ;z;ko i'j?.
47 gqG{fdnkb whsb, ;zrhskukfonk p?i{ n"o r'gkb, ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/I, gzBk 44
248
;zaeo ;okjhJ/ e{z e'j?}
d{ih ouBk
okfrBh w[bskBh XBK;qh, pqjwskb
48
okfrBh w[bskBh XBk;qh, u"skb
uzdq Gkb ;h; rzr r"oh noXzr,
bbkN G;w wz[vwkb eo fgBke oJhnkHHHHHHHHHHHHH
*p?i{ BkfJe* ;zrhs fBoss d/tgsh oJhnk,
shJ/ J/nk J/nk J/nk nk:" nk:" J/nk}
shih ouBk
49
fJ; T[dkjoB ftZu Xo[gd ;a?bh dhnK fszB ouBktK jB. gfjbh ns/ d{ih
ouBk d/ pzfd;a dk w[Zy Gkt-f;at ;azeo dh wfjwk, o{g dk r[DrkB eoBk j?
idfe shih pzfd;a BkfJek G/d T[Zs/ nXkos j? :kBh fe f;azrko o; dh pzfd;a
j?. fJ; soK pzfd;a dh ouBk d/ ft;a/ B{z fJZe tkoh rk e/ ;gZ;aN eo fdZsk
iKdk j?. pzfd;a rkD d/ Bkb fJ; rZb dk gsk uZb iKdk j? fe nw[e pzfd;a
fe; ft;a/ T[Zs/ nXkos j?. ;zrhs ftZu GktK d/ gqrNkt/ bJh pzfd;a dh pj[s
p'bh:' B v'bh:', b? nkT{ j[{z fgnkoh e"I ,
;[B" j' ;[xopo, np jh w?I ikT{ j{z.
wkfBBh wBkJ/ e?, fsjko/ gk; bkJ/ e?,
wX[o p[bkJ/ e/, s" uoB rjkT{ j{z}
;[B oh ;[zdo Bkfo, ekj/ eos J/sh okfo,
wdb vkos wkfo, ufb sgs p[MkTI{ j{z.
w/oh ;hy wkBeo wkB B eo' s[w J/;,
*p?i{* gqG{ fgnko ;'I pjhnK rjkT{I j{z..
48 gqG{fdnkb whsb, ;zrhskukfonk p?i{ n"o r'gkb, ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/I, gzBK 45
49 UjhI, gzBk 66
249
wjZstg{oB EK j[zdh j? feT[Ife p'b ns/ ;[o d't/A tZy-tZy ;zrhse sZsK Bkb
fwbe/ jh o;-Gkt B{z gqrNkT[Id/ jB. ;o'fsnK B{[z nkgD/ rkfJB d/ Bkb i'V e/
oZyD bJh *;apd* fJZe pj[s tZvh ;aesh jB feT[Ife ;apd ns/ ;[o dk fw;aos
o{g ;o'fsnK B[{z fJZe-fJZe ;apd d/ Gkt ftZu v[pk e/ oZy ;edk j?.
50
Xo[gd ;a?bh ftZu pzfd;a d/ rkB s'II pknd b?nekoh dk gqdo;aB ehsk
iKdk j?. *b?n* dh nkgDh jh fJZe ikd{ Goh Gk;ak j?. pj[s Xhwh, Xhwh, wZX,
do[s, nfs do[s jo/e b?n dk nkgDk noE j?. pzfd;a d/ ;apdK dh r?o jkiaoh
j[zd/ j'J/ th *b?n* nkgDh ukb d/ Bkb tZy-tZy o;-Gkt B{z gqrNk ;edh j?.
fBqs ftZu Gkt gqdo;aB (Gkt/A T[j g?oK d[nkok, jZEK dhnK w[doktK iK nZyK, w{zj
d/ tZy-tZy nzdkiaK d[nkok j't/) b?n T[Zs/ jh nXkos j[zdk j?. nfs ftbzps,
ftbzps b?n s'Ia rzGhosk, eo[Dk dk nfj;k; j[zdk j? id fe wZX b?n d[nkok
i/eo pzfd;a
tho o; dh j[zdh j? sK ;o'fsnK d/ wB ftZu T[s;kj g?dk j' iKdk j? ns/ i/eo
pzfd;a Grsh iK f;azzrko o; dh j[zdh j? sK ;o'fsnK dk wB th T[jh ;fEsh
ftZu o; wrB j' iKdk j?. fJ; soK o; d/ nB[Gt eoB d/ be;a? ftZu pzfd;a
dh fJZe nfjw G{fwek j[zdh j?.
(J) ft;Eko sZsK ftub/ nzso
pzfd;a d/ rkfJB s'II pknd Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh ;a?bh d/ ft;Eko iK
T[gi dk y/so Å[o{ j' iKdk j?. fszB' ;a?bhnK ftZu nkgDh-nkgDh o{g-o/yk d/
nB[;ko jh pVs j[zdh j? fit/I fe Xo[gd ftZu pzfd;a s'II pknd b?nekoh,
@T[gi@-fi; ftZu p'b tzv ns/ p'b skB dh feqnk j[zdh j?. fynkb ;a?bh ftZu
nkbkg, p'b nkbkg, ;orw, skB, p'bskB nkfd ns/ m[woh ftZu p'b pBkt
d[nkok Gkt gqdo;aB nkfd d/ w[skpe pzfd;a d/ GktK B{z ;g;aZN ehsk iKdk j?
ns/ ;o'fsnK B[z{ ;zrhs d/ be;a? *nkBzd* nB[Gt d/ tZb b? ikfJnk iKdk
j?.
(;) b?n nXkoK ftZu nzso
50 vkH wX{okDh ;a[ebk, *eke{* ek ;zrhfse ftt/uB, gzBk 171
250
wB ftZu eJh soK d/ y[;ah, rwh Bkb ;pzfXs o; Gkt gqrNkJ/ iKd/ jB. do[s
b?n B[z{ ;[D e/ wB ftZu uzubsk, T[s;akj g?dk j' iKdk j?. fJ; soK rkfJB dh
gq;s[sh t/b/ ;[oK ns/ ;apdK B{z tZy-tZy b?nK ftZu p'bD Bkb tZy-tZy o;-Gkt
gqrN j[zd/ jB. Xo[gd ;a?bh ftZu ;[oK dk ehsk frnk b?n T[Zs/ nkXkfos gq:'r
;o'fsnK B{[z nkBzd gqdkB eodk j?. p'bK B{z tZy-tZy b?nK ftZu tzv e/ p'bD ns/
b?n d/ xZND-tZXD Bkb fi; o; dh f;q;aNh j[zdh j?, T[; B{z ;o's/ th nB[Gt
eod/ jB. fJZe ;XkoB ;o'sk ;zrhs dhnK pohehnK B{z sK BjhA ;wM gkT[Idk
gozs{ b?n d/ tZy-tZy o{gK d/ nkgD/ fdb'-fdwkr T[Zs/ g? oj/ gqGkt B{z wfj;{;
io{o eodk j?.
fynkb ;a?bh ftZu ftbzps fynkb dk rkfJB rzGhosk ns/ o'wKu d'jK
soK d/ wkj"b dh f;oiDk eodk j?. fiZE/ b?n dk ftbzps o{g wB ftZu ;aKs,
Grsh, eo[Dk nkfd GktK dh f;oiBk eoe/ rzGhosk g?dk eodk j? T[ZE/ jh wZX
b?n dk fynkb wB ftZu y[;ah, uzubsk iK pzfd;a d/ ;apdK d/ nB[;ko tZy-tZy
Gkt T[sgzB eodk j?. do[Zs b?n ftZu nB[Gt j[zdk j? fit/I fe wB dh y[;ah,
uzubsk, o'wKu ns/ T[&Zs/iBk B{z y{p;{os gzy br rJ/ j'D. fJjBK gzyK d/
;jko/ jh ebkeko, fynkb rkfJB o{gh ft;akb nkek;a ftZu T[vkohnK wkodk j?.
fJ; soK fynkb ;a?bh dh o{g o/yk ftZu fszBK b?nK d/ gq:'r j'D d/ (ftbzps
fynkb ftZu ftbzps, wZX fynkb ftZu wZX b?n ns/ do[Zs ftZu do[s b?n dk
gq:'r j'Dk) ekoB fynkb ;a?bh okjhI o; dh f;q;aNh eoB ftZu tZy-tZy b?nK
dk wjZstg{oB ;EkB j?. tZv/ fynkb dh gd ouBk d/ µpd fµzrko o; d/
;zi'r o{g Bkb ;zpzXs - *fgnk w'o/ nkJ/* iK fti'r f;zarko Bkb ;pzfXs ™fgnk
BjhI nkJ/́ e[M th j' ;ed/ jB. tZv/ fynkb ftZu fJjBK pzfdµK d/ Bkb gfjb/
gqGktK dk gqrNktk tZy-tZy ;zrhse sZsK dh wdd Bkb ehsk iKdk j?. ftbzps
fynkb dh Xhwh b?n fe;/ th d[Zy-;[Zy dk ft;Eko g{ote gqrNktk eo ;eD dk
g{ok nt;o fdzdh j? ns/ d[Zy-;[Zy dh nt;Ek dh rzGhosk iK uzubsk d/ wkj"b
Bz{ th pDkJ/ oZydh j?. fJ; soQK Xhwh b?n ftZu rkJh rJh pzfdµ dk w[Zy Gkt
;o's/ d/ wB ftZu, ;[oK d/ gq:'r dhnK tZy-tZy eqhnktK, eke{ G/dK, nkbkg, p'b
251
nbkg dh wdd Bkb ;EkJh o{g b? b?Idk j? i' fe nkBzdwJh brdk j?.
µo'fsnK d/ wB ftZu fµzrko d/ tZy-tZy o{gK Bz{ b? e/ eJh ebgBktK j[zdhnK
ofjzdhnK jB. fJjBK ebgBktK ftZu ed/ sK BkfJek tZy-tZy YzrK Bkb nkgDh
y[µh dk fJiajko eodh iK d[Zy Goh ghV ;[DkT[Idh j'Jh gqshs j[zdh j?. ed/-ed/
fJjBK ebgBktK Bz{ µo's/ nkgDh fBZih fiazdrh d/ fe;/ y[µh-rwh d/ gb Bkb
i'V e/ th nB[Gt eod/ jB. tZv/ fynkb dh rzGhosk s'II pknd wZX b?n iK
do[Zs fynkb dk ubB j?. w[Zy nzso sK b?n dk jz[dk j?. do[s fynkb dh
b?n ftbzps,- fynkb s'II s/ia j[zdh j?. fJ; ftZu p'b skB, skB, xZN nkbkg,
fcos dk ezw, ftZfusosk Gfonk ;[o brkD dk Yzr, fszBK ;gseK ftZu ;gkN
skBK ns/ skBK d/ tZy-tZy gquko nkfd, whIv, w[oeh, eD, ;[o nkfd w[Zy
ftµ/µsktK jz[dhnK jB. Xhwh b?n ;[BD s'II pknd b?n dh s/iah Bz{ ;[D e/ wB
ns/ fdwkr ftZu ;c[osh nkT[Idh j? ns/ pzfdµ d/ Gkt d/ w[skpe jh wB ftZu
Gkt ird/ jB. wZX b?n d/ fFzrko ftZu gqrN ehs/ rJ/ fµzrko o; dk o{g
tZv/ fynkb ftZu fpnkB ehs/ rJ/ ;zi'r fµzrko d/ o{g s'II e[M uzub j[zdk j?.
b?n d/ eqw nB[;ko tZXD d/ Bkb Bkb o; ns/ nkBzd dh fwnkd tZXD, tkb/
r{[V sZsK Bz{ ;wMD tkb/ rkfJe ebkeko nZi th tZv/ fynkb s'II pknd gfjbK
wZX b?n dhnK pzfdµK dk gqdoµB eod/ jB.
fJ; soQK fynkb µ?bh ftZu tZv/ fynkb, wZX fyankb s'II b? e/ S'IN/
fynkb sZe fµzrko o; dh fwnkd j"bh-j"bh tZXdh iKdh j? ns/ nzs ftZu
µo'fsnK Bz{ gow nkBzd dk nB[Gt j[zdk j?. fµzrko o; dh jh soQK fynkb
µ?bh ftZu µKs, eo[D, Grsh nkfd o;K Bz{ th fe;/ b?n eqw Bkb gqrNkfJnk
iKdk j?.
m[woh ;a?bh ftZu Gkt gqdo;aB bJh b?n d/ tZy-tZy o{g ;jkfJsk eod/
jB. tZy-tZy b?nK dk fijVk uwseko fynkb ftZu ftbzps, wZX, do[Zs fynkb
d/ o{g ftZu fdykfJnk iKdk j?, T[jh uwseko fJZe' m[woh ouBk ftZu fdykfJnk
iKdk j?. efjD dk Gkt fJj j? fe fynkb ;a?bh dh soK m[woh ftZu tZy-tZy
b?nK dk gqdo;aB o[Ze-o[Ze e/ BjhI ehsk iKdk pbfe m[woh ftZu fJZe' m[woh
252
ouBk d/ gqdo;aB d"okB jh b?n tZy-tZy o{gK ftZu gqdo;as ehsh iKdh j?.
nfijk eoB Bkb m[woh dh uzubsk ns/ Gkt gqdo;aB B{z pb fwbdk j?.
T[dkjoB tZi'I m[woh ftZu *w'o/ B?Bk Go-Go nkJ/* ;apdK B{z dhguzdh skb ftZu
p'bD s'IA pknd id'II b?n tXkJh ikJ/rh sK m[woh rkfJB ftZu e[M Bt/AgB B[z{
fbnkT[D bJh fszB skb, efjotk, bZrh nkfd dk gqdo;aB th ehsk ikJ/rk ns/
gd ouBk d/ w[Zy-p'bK B{z fJjBK skbK ftZu th tZy-tZy Yzr Bkb pDk e/ gq;s[s
ehsk iKdk j?, fi; d/ Bkb m[woh d/ Gkt ;gZ;aN s'II th ;gZ;aN j[zd/ ofjzd/ jB
ns/ wB dhnK ekw[e fJZSktK B{z S'IAIjd/ ofjzd/ jB.
m[woh ftZu e/tb fµzrko ns/ ekw ;zpzXh GktK dk gqrNktk jz[dk j?.
51
ekw[e GktK d/ gqrNkt/ bJh gqhfs, wkoiBh, nefµsh, oesk, ;zdhgBh ns/
nbkgBh nkfd µo{shnK dk gq:'r jz[dk j? ns/ fJjBK dk gq:'r m[woh ftZu j[zdk
j?. fJjBK µo{shnK dk ;zpzX (w) ns/ (g) ;[oK Bkb j? fJ; eoe/ m[woh dk
rkD nfij/ okrK ftZu j[zdk j? fijBK ftu (w) ns/ (g) ;[oK dh gqXkBsk j[zdh
j?. m[woh ;zukoh GktK d/ w/b Bkb fµzrko o; dk gqrNktk eodh j?.
52
m[woh
d' nzrK Bkb rkJh iKdh j?. m[woh d/ gfjb/ nzr iK Yzr fi;Bz{ fe g{op nzr
dh m[woh efjzd/ jB d/ d' T[gG/d jB- p'b pBkt ns/ p'b tzv dh m[woh.
53
p'b pBkt dh m[woh ftZu rkfJeh dk fiankdk wjZst j[zdk j?. fJjBK m[wohnK Bz{
b'eX[BK iK T[;d/ Bkb fwbd/-i[bd/ okrK ftZu rkfJnk iKdk j?.
54
m[woh d/ nzso/ dk ft;Eko th e[M fJ;/ soQK Bkb jz[dk j? ns/ fJ; s'II
pknd wZX b?n ftZu ft;Eko j[zdk j? ns/ ftZu-ftZu S'INh - S'INh skBK b? e/
wkj"b Bz{ fµzrko wJh pDkfJnk iKdk j?. p'b tzv dh m[woh ftZu pzfdµ dh gd
ouBk dk gqGkt fiankdk jz[dk j? ns/ fJ;Bz{ pzfdµh m[woh th efj fdzd/ jB.
nozGe nbkg
s'II pknd ftbzps dhguzdh iK gzikph skb ftZu pzfdµ rk e/ p'bpBkt dh feqnk
pV/ Gkt Gog{o Yzr Bkb ehsh iKdh j?.
55
51 O. Goswami , The story of Indian music, page 134 52 Ujh,gzBk 134
53 vkH wX{okDh µ[ebk, eke{ ek ;zrhfse ftt/uB, gzBK 178
54 Ujh, gzBk 179
55 vkHwX{okDh µ[ebk, eke{ dk ;Krhfse ftt/uB, gzBk 181
253
wZX b?n dhnK m[wohnK ftZu ;zi'r-fti'r d't/I fµzrko o{gK dk gqrNktk j[zdk j?.
idfe uzubsk fiankdk j'D eoe/ s/ia b?n dhnK m[wohnK ftZu e/tb ;zi'r
fµzrko o{g dk gqrNktk fiankdk j[zdk j?. p'btzv m[woh ftZu pzfdµ d/ µpdK Bz{
b?n ftZu tzv e/ uwseko g?dk ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; eoe/ fJ;Bz{ b?n tzv dh
m[woh th fejk iKdk j?.
56
m[woh ftZu p'b ns/ Gkt gqrNktk d'B' jh wZjstg{oB j[zd/ jB pbfe
m[woh d/ tZy-tZy gqekoK (p'b tzv ns/ p'b pBkt m[woh) dk nXko th m[woh dk
Gkt gqdoµB ns/ p'bK d/ rkD dk Yzr j?. m[woh µ?bh ftZu fµzrko o; dk
;iht toBD eoB ftZu pj[s fwjBs eoBh g?Idh j? fi; bJh rb/ Bz{ ftµ/µ
nfGnk; ftXhnK d[nkok fsnko eoBk g?Idk j?. t?;/ sK m[woh d/ p'bK, b?n,
skb, Gkt gqrNkt/, ;[oK d/ tZy-tZy gq:'r, eke{ G/dK ns/ rkfJe dh ebgBk
okjhI m[woh s'II fµzrko o; dk gqrNktk ehsk ik ;edk j? gozs[ fJ;d/ Bkb-Bkb
m[woh ftZu tZiD tkb/ ;ki fit/I fe jkow'Bhnw, spbk, ;kozrh, µfjBkJh nkfd
th fµzrko o; d/ gqrNkt/ ftZu ;jkfJe pDd/ jB. ed/-ed/ jkow'Bhnw, ;kozrh
nkfd ;kiaK T[Zs/ m[woh pzfdµ dh w[Zy ;[o fbgh s'II jN e/ ebkeko e[M j'o
fJ; µ?bh ftZu tZy-tZy gqeko dhnK b?nekohnK d/
Bkb-Bkb µpd, ;[o gqXkB p'b ft;Eko dh gqXkBsk ofjzdh j?.
b?n dh ftbZyDsk m[woh ftZu ozia g?dk eodh j?. m[woh dh µ[o{nks ftZu
fijVh ftbzps b?n Bz{ oZfynk iKdk j?, T[j tZv/, fynkb dh soQK ftbzps BjhI
j[zdh pbfe wZX ftbzps b?n j[zdh j? fi; dk gq:'r Gkt gqdoµB bJh ehsk
iKdk j?. wZX b?n ftZu fµzrko goe ouBktK dk gqrNktk fiankdk gqGktµkbh
brdk j? feT[Ife pj[s Xhwh ns/ pj[s s/ia b?n ftZu rzGhosk ns/ T[Zs/iBk
T[sgzB j[zdh j? idfe wZX b?n, fJZe ftT[IspZX b?n j? i' fe BK sK s/ia j'D
ekoB T[&Zs/iaBK tXKdh j? ns/ Bk jh Xhwh j'D eoe/ rzGhosk dh f;oiDk eodh
j?. fµzrko o; d/ ;EkJh Gkt ™osh´ s'II T[sgzB j'J/ GktK Bz{ gqrNkT[D bJh wZX
b?n dh buedko ukb nfs T[Zsw brdh j?.
56 Gkosh okm"V, Gkosh ;zrhs eh wX[fowkL m[woh, gzBk 147
254
fwbd/ i[bd/ b'erhsK dhnK X[BK nkfd tikT[Id/ jB. fJ; d"okB spbk tkde
th bZrh iK e[M j'o uzub m/e/ tik e/ wkj"b Bz{ ozrhB pDk fdzd/ jB. fJ;
soQK b'e gozgok T[Zs/ nXkos j'D eoe/ m[woh µ?bh s'II fµzrko o; d/ gqrNkt/ dh
fwnkd pj[s fiankdk j?. m[woh rkfJB ftZu pzfdµ dh ;EkJh dk wZjst j[zdk j?
feT[Ife fe;/ p'b d[nkok Gkt gqrNkT[D s'II pknd pko-pko pzfdµ dh ;EkJh dh
gfjbh gzesh Bz{ p'fbnk iKdk j?. m[woh d/ rhs d/ p'bK ns/ T[;Bz{ fµzrkoe
S'Ij d/D bJh eD, yNek, w[oeh, frNeoh, whIv, rweK d/ ftµ/µ gqekoK dk
gq:'r j[zdk j?.
57
m[woh dk ;zpzX fBqs Bkb j'D eoe/ th fJ; ftZu p'bK ns/
Gkt gqrNkt/ dk wjZst fiankdk j?. µqh r';[nkwh d/ nB[;ko p'b Bz{ pBkT[D dh
feqnk T[j feqnk j? fi; ftZu fJZe µpd d/ fizB/ th noE fBeb ;ed/ jB,
T[jBK Bz{ ;zrhs okjhI gqrNkfJnk iKdk j?.
58
fszBK ;a?bhnK d/ b?n-nXkoK ftZu nzso j[zdk j?. Xo[gd dhnK skb,
wksoktK fB;aus j'D eoe/ fJ; ftZu w[Zy skb B{z sK BjhI pdfbnk iKdk gozs{
gd ouBk B{z tZy-tZy b?nekohnK okjhI jh ;gZ;aN eoB dh e'f;a;a ehsh iKdh j?.
Xo[gd nkgDh y{p;{os gd ouBk, ntki dh rzGhosk, ftbzps b?n ns/ gykti
dh ;zrs ftZu d[r[B, fsr[B ns/ efmB b?nekohnK d/ gqdo;aB ekoB nkgD/
fe;/ th fjZ;/ ftZu fYZbk Bjh_ ikgdk pbfe ;o'fsnK d/ wB ftZu *o;* dh ;fEsh
fJZe µpd d/ r{V-fBr{V noEK Bz{
gqrNkT[D bJh ebkeko d/ e'b Gkt[e fjod?, y{p;{os nktkia ns/ ebgBkµhb
fdwkr dh b'V j[zdh j?. m[woh fJZe nfijh ftXk j? fi;dk f;o s'II b? e/ g?o
sZe ;kok ;aoho f;azrko Bkb nbzfeqs j/. ekw GktBktK B[z{ e'wbsk Bkb S'Ij
;eD tkbh m[woh ;a?bh f;azrko dk dogD j?. m[woh dk gqubB gfjbK fBqs Bkb
j'D eoe/ fJ; ftZu nKfre nfGB?n Bkb ;zpzfXs ;apdK dk gqrNktk th rk e/
jh ehsk iKdk j?. fJ;d/ GktK d/ gqrNkt/ B{z gqGkt;akbh pBkT[D ftZu eke{ G/dK
dk ft;a/;a wjZst jz[dk j?.
57 ;aso[xB ;a[eb, m[woh eh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK, gzBk 276
58 O. Goswami, The story of Indian Music, Page 134 "The art of conveying musically as many shades of meaning as the words can bear".
255
pDh ofjzdh j?. fi; ftZu tZy-tZy b?nekohnK d/ gqdo;aB, rwe nkfd Bkb tkXk
j[zdk ofjzdk j?.
(j) okr ns/ skb fBoXkoB
i/eo Xo[gd d/ ;ak;ts ;o{g dh rZb ehsh ikt/ sK fJ; ftZu gq:'r ehs/
ikD tkb/ okr, skb nkfd fB;afus j[zd/ jB. Xo[gd dh rzGhosk B[{z pDkJ/ oZyD
bJh fJ; ftZu e[M rzGho gqfeosh tkb/ okr iK fijBK okrK d/ ;[oK dk
rzGhosk Bkb T[ZukoD ehsk iKdk j?, dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?. tZy-tZy Xo[gd
dhnK pzfd;aK B{z t/yD s'II gsk ubdk j? fe fJjBK ftZu w/xokr, G?ot, wzrb
G?ot, :wB, fjzv'b, ftGk;, nk;ktoh, Ghw gbk;h, okwebh, whnK wbjko,
wkbe"I;, G{gkbh, okfrBh N'Vh, ;kozr, pkra;aqh, jwho, fGzB ;aVi, ;{o wbjko,
X{[bhnk wbjko, ywki, ekch, wkbh r"ok, ftzdqktBh ;kozr, be;awh s'IVh, d/;,
nbj?nk fpbktb, r"V wbjko, r[oioh okfrBh, yzpktsh okfrBh, okfrBh
w[bskBh Ghwgbk;h
59
okfrBh w[bskBh XBk;aoh
60 ,
, okfrBh wkb;aqh
61
, rzXko
62
,
okfrBh g{oth
63
nkfd eJh okrK dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?. fJjBK ftZu'II
fiankdkso okrK d/ ;[oK dk T[ZukoD rzGhosk Bkb ehsk ikdk j?. fJ;d/ Bkb
Xo[gd ftZu n'i iK e[M rzGhosk pDh ofjzdh j? i' fe Xo[gd dh o{g o/yk bJh
iao{oh th j? feT[Ife nkgDh fJjBK ft;/a;asktK eoe/ jh Xo[gd pkeh ;a?bhnK s'IA
nbZr j?. fJ;/ soK fJ;dh ;zrsh bJh fiankdkso pzfd;aK uko skb ftZu
fwbdhnK jB. uko skb s'IA fJbktk, Mgskb, skb ;ho,
64
fsskbk, Xhw skb,
65
o{ge
66
, ;{b iK ;{b ckesk, uouoh
67
59 gqG{fdnkb whsb, (;zrqfj) ;zrhs ;wokN skB;/B, ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/AI, gzBk 63
60 Ujh, gzBk 63 61 Ujh, gzBk 68
62 Ujh, gzBk 81
63 Ujh, gzBk 137
64 gqG{fdnkb whsb, (;zrqfj) ;zrhs ;wokN skB;/B, ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/A, gzBk 205
65 Ujh, gzBk 131
66 Ujh, gzBk 128
67 Ujh, gzBk 104
, shtok, Xwko, pqjw, o[Zdo, be;awh,
;tkoh, wZs, ;a/;a nkfd skbK ftZu pZX pzfd;aK th jB.
256
fynkb ;a?bh ftZu ftftX ftF/ fwbd/ jB. fJ; eoe/ fJ; dhnK pzfd;aK
bJh eJh okr jB fit/A fe jwho, fsbzr, d/;, ;kozr, :wB, G{gkbh, fpjko,
r[oioh s'IVh, i'r, f;aqzr/oh, wkotk, f;atez;, ywki, Mhbc, Bkr ;toktbh, fsqt/Dh,
;KM, e/dko, nk;ktoh, jz;XtBh, y/w, fMzM'Nh, nkG'rh, fGzB ;aVi. fJjBK okrK
ftZu pZX pzfd;aK ftZu eJh ft;a/ jB feT[Ife fynkb ftZu Xo[gd s'IA e[M xZN
rzGhosk ns/ m[woh s'IA e[M xZN uzubsk dk w/b j[zdk j?. fJ; eoe/ fJ; ftZu
d't/A ;a?bhnK ftZu gq:'r j'D tkb/ okrK dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?. fynkb ftZu
jo gqfeosh tkb/ okr, skb fwb iKd/ jB. jK, skbK dh u'D t/b/ fJ;dh
gqfeosh dk fXnkB oZyDk g?AIdk j? feT[Ife fynkb Bk sK Xo[gd dh soK u"skb
ftZu rkfJnk ikDk ukjhdk j? ns/ Bk jh m[woh tKr uzub pDk d/Dk ukjhdk
j?. fJ;dh nkgDh fJZe y{p;{osh j? fi; B[z{ poeoko oZyD bJh fJ; ftZu fJ;d/
;[Gkn w[skpe jh e[M skbK fit/A fe fszB skb, fJZeskb, fsbtkVk, nkVk
ukoskb, Mgskb, dkdok, o{ge nkfd dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?.
m[woh dh uzubsk B{z ekfJw oZyD bJh fJ; dh ouBk uzub ns/ ;zehoB
gqfeosh d/ okrK ftZu fiankdk j[zdh j?. fJ;d/ bJh G?oth, XkBh, gjkVh, d/;,
ghb{ izrbk, ghb{, ftzdqktBh ;kozr, fsbe ekw'd, ekch, wKv, ywki nkfd okrK
s'II fJbktk pkr/;aqh, ;'om, dopkoh ekBjVk
68
, whnK eh wbjko
69
68 Gkos/Id[ pkig/Jh, (;zebB eosk), bbB ghnk eh m[wohnK, gzBk 112
69 Ujh, gzBk 115
, G{gkbh, jwho,
e/dko, r"V ;kozr, ;ogodk, BN fpjkr, pjko, yzpktsh, BkfJeh ekBVk, ;ajkBk,
;'jBh ekBjVk, nVkBk, wkbe';a, uzdqe';a, ;{jk ;[xokJh, goi, r"oh, rkok, rkok
yzpktsh,fjzv'b (fJjBK okrK ftZu pZX pzfd;aK dk t/otk Åqh Gkos/Id{ pkig/Jh dh
g[;se-bbB ghnK eh m[wohnK ftZu t/fynk ik ;edk j?) nkfd eJh fw;aos
gqfeosh d/ okrK dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j? sK i' m[woh d/ Gkt gqdo;aB ns/
f;azrkoe Gkt B{z j'o ;gZ;aN ehsk ik ;e/. m[woh bJh uzub gqfeosh dhnK skbK
dk jh gq:'r uzrk bZrdk j?. fJ;d/ bJh is (ftbzps), fszBskb, efjotk,
f;skoykBh (fszBskb), dhguzdh, nZXk fszBskb nkfd dk gq:'r T[fus bZrdk j?.
257
T[go'es ;a?bhnK ftZu tos/ rJ/ okr ns/ skb d/ nzso Bkb jh o; ns/
GktK ftZu nzso nk iKdk j?. fJjBK okrK ftZu bZrD tkb/ F[ZX, e'wb, shto,
;[oK dk o; T[sgZsh Bkb rfjok ;zpzX j?. rzGho gqfeosh d/ okr-skb rzGhosk
dh T[sgZsh eod/ jB ns/ uzub gqfeosh d/ okr, skb nkfd wkj"b B{z ozrhB
pDk fdzd/ jB. fJ; soK fJjBK ;a?bhnK ftZu o; dh T[sgZsh bJh okr, skb,
b?n dh T[fussk tZb fXnkB fdZsk iKdk j?. f;zarko o; d/ d?th gqGkt bJh
skb dh rzGhosk, fwb/-i[b/ f;azrko gqrNkt/ bJh ;fji YzrK Bkb skb dk
tikT[Dk ns/ f;zzarko d/ ekw[e gqrNkt/ bJh uzub gqfeosh dk tkdB ;jkfJe
jz[dk j?.
6H10 fFzrko o; nfGftnesh ftZu ;jkfJe wjZstg{oB sZs
(T) ;[o ;ztkd
okr ns/ skb s'II fJbktk ;[o ;ztkd ;-g iK ;-w nkfd dk th nbZr-
nbZr gqGkt j?. ;-g ;ztkd Bkb rzGhosk, f;azrko, Grsh iK e'Jh th o;
gqrNkfJnk ik ;edk j? gozs{ ;-w dk ;ztkd ;[D e/ f;azrkoe iK e[M uzubsk,
p/u?Bh dk nB[Gt j[zdk j? t?;/ th ;kv/ ;zrhs ftZu (w) ;[o dk okr d/ y/so
ftZu pj[s wjZst j?. wfXnw ;[o dk Å[ZX o{g th uzubsk dk wkj"b jh
pDkT[Idk j? gozs{ wfXnw dk shto o{g sK okr dh o{g o/yk B{z jh pdb fdzdk
j? ns/ okr B{z fJZe shykgB (uzubsk iK fwmk;) d/ fdzdk j?. m[woh ;a?bh ftZu
Gkt gqdo;aB B{[z ;gZ;aN eoB bJh tZy-tZy eke{ G/dK dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?.
fJZE/ p'b B[z{ ed/ nkj Goe/, ed/ wB dh ghV pDk e/, ed/ j{e pDk e/ gq;s[s
eoB ftZu shto, e'wb ;[oK dk GktwJh T[uZkoD ns/ ;w dk nkeoFe ;[o
;ztkd pj[s ezw nkT[Idk j?. fJ; soK d/ Gkt gqrNkt/ xZN-tZX wksok ftZu
fynkb ;?/bh ftZu th j[zd/ jB gozs{ m[woh s'IIA xZN. Xo[gd ;a?bh ftÅ[ZX ;a?bh j?,
fJ; ftZu okr, skb, ;to nkfd gfjbK jh fB;afus j'D eoe/ fJ;dk ;o{g Å[o{
s'Ia nyho sZe ekfJw ofjzdk j? ns/ fJZe' ;[o-;ztkd, ;[oK dk o{g (e'wb, shto
iK F[ZX nkfd) ;zg{oB Xo[gd ftZu uZbdk j?. id fe fyankb ns/ m[woh ftZu
258
;[oK d/ tZy-tZy YzrK Bkb gq:'r nkftoGkt-fso'Gkt nkfd feqnktK eoB dh S[ZN
j[zdh j? fi; eoe/ fJjBK F?bhnK s'I o; dh T[sgZsh fiankdk j[zdh j?.
(n) pqi GkFk ;kfjs
pzfd;aK dk pqi Gk;ak ;kfjs th f;azrko o; d/ ;zi'r-fti'r gqrNkt/ B{z
;iht pDkT[D ftZu ;jkfJe f;ZX j[zdk j?. w/o/ nB[;ko pqi Gk;ak d/ ;apd fit/I
fe wB eh pshnK, ek;/ ej{z, nkbh, ghnk, sps?A, se{z oh nkbh nkfd fijh
;apdktbh o; Gog{o j? ns/ r?n ft;a;asktK dh XkoBh j?. ;zrhs ftZu wX[o
Gkt fbnkT[D bJh pqi Gk;ak dhnK pzfd;aK jh T[g:[es bZrdhnK jB. ;akfJd
fJ;/ eoe/ ;kv/ Gkosh ;zrhs dk ;kfjs pqi Gk;ak dhnK pzfd;aK Bkb Gfonk
j'fJnk j?. pqi Gk;ak d/ ;apd rkD ftZu sK fwmk; God/ jh jB pbfe Gkt
gqrNkt/ ftZu th ;jkfJe pDd/ jB. *w?A BjhA ikT{Irh ;j/bh iw[Bk e/ sN go*
dh EK s/ *w?A Bk ikT{I ;yh iw[Bk e/ sho* ;apd fiankdk r?nkswe jB :kfB fe
rkJ/ ikD tkb/ jB. *w?A Bk ikT{I ;yh iw[Bk e/ sho* ;apdK okjhA o;-Gkt
gqrNktk th ehsk ik ;edk j? ns/ fJj ;apd rkD ns/ ;[BD tkb/ d/ fjod? B{z
th uzr/ bZrd/ jB. Xo[gd ftZu th pqi GkFk dk gq:'r ehsk frnk.pqi Gk;ak
dk ;ob ns/ ;fji gqrNktk fynkb ns/ m[woh F?bh dhnK pzfd;aK ftZu fwb
iKdk j?. fJjBK pzfd;aK d/ noEK B{z ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?. m[woh ftZu pqi Gk;ak
d/ Bkb-Bkb tZy-tZy b'e Gk;aktK dk n;o th j?. fJ; eoe/ fJ;dh pzfd;aK dk
ekw[e Gkt ;wMD ftZu fiankdk d/o BjhA bZrdh. fJ; soK pqi Gk;ak dh fwmk;
B[z{ t/yd/ j'fJnK fJ;dk gq:'r tZy-tZy rkfJB ;a?bhnK ftZu ehsk frnk. pqi G{wh
d/ okXk-feq;aB ih B{z f;azrko o; dk nkbzpB pDk e/, tZy-tZy ok; bhbktK, ekw
feqnktK dk toBD pqi Gk;ak ftZu pj[s jh gqGkt;akbh bZrdk j? ns/ f;azrko o;
d/ ;iht gqrNkt/ ftZu ;jkfJe pDdk j?.
(J) eke{ G/d
Gsohjfo d/ nB[;ko ;koh fttjkoe ;Zsk ;apd, noE ns/ frnkB,
fJjBK fszB o{gK ftZu tzvh j'Jh j?. *;apd* w[Zy j[zdk j? feT[Ife fJ; T[Zs/ jh
259
noE ns/ frnkB nkXkos j[zd/ jB.
70
;apd iK XtBh, nktkia, Bkd jh ;zrhs
dk nkXko j?. XtBh, pqjwKv dk fJZe wjZstg{oB nzr j/.gqfeosh ftZu th eJh
soK dhnK XtBhnK jB ns/ tZy-tZy iht, izs[nK d[nkok T[; fJe' XtBh B[{z tZy-
tZy YzrK Bkb fBekfbnk iKdk j?. XtBh dh T[sgZsh d/ tZy-tZy YzrK s'II jh
;kB{z fJj frnkB j' iKdk j? fe e'Jh nktkia fe;/ fuVh dh j?, eK dh j? iK
e'fJb dh j?. eJh tkoh e'Jh gzSh th nkgDh nktkia B{z eJh YzrK Bkb eZYD
dh e'f;a;a eodk j? i'fe ed/ sK pj[s voktBh ns/ ed/ pj[s wX[o bZrdh j?.
id'II e'Jh ebkeko Gkt gqdo;aB bJh ntki B[z{ tZy-tZy YzrK Bkb brkT[Idk j?
sK fJjh f;XKs ;zrhs ftZu th bkr{ j[zdk j?. T[dkjoD d/ bJh Xo[gd ;a?bh
ftZu ebkeko nkgDh ntkia B{z p[bzd, rzGho, n'ig{oB pDkT[Idk j? ns/ fynkb
ftZu nkbkg nkfd ftZu Gkt gqrNkT[D bJh ntki B{z ed/ e'wb, buedko,
uzub ns/ ed/ p[bzd nkfd pDkT[Idk j?. nktki dk tZy-tZy YzrK Bkb brkt
eoBk sK m[woh dk gqkD j?. nkgD/ ihtB ftZu n;hI t/yd/ jK fe fe;/ Bkb
bVd/-MrVd/ j'J/, vKNd/ j'J/ ntkia T[uZh ns/ e'qX Goh, d[Zy ftZu nktkia pj[s
BhthI, gq/w eoB t/b/ uzub iK ekw[e j' iKdh j?. ntkia ftZu fJ; soK d/
T[sko-uVkn n;hI ikD-p[ZM e/ BjhI eod/ pbfe ntki ftZu fJj pdbkn w"e/ d/
nB[;ko nkgD/ nkg nkT[Id/ jB. fJZe ftnesh ;t/o/ s'IA b? e/ oks sZe fe;/
Bkb rZb-pks eofdnK j'fJnK (ukj/ T[j xo ftZu iK pkjo fe;/ Bkb th rZb
eodk j?) nkgDh p'b ukb ftZu fJ; soK d/ nukBe nkT[D tkb/ T[sko-uVknK
B{z nB[Gt eo ;edk j?. ;zrhs ftZu fJj T[sko-uVkn pzfd;a d/ o;-Gkt d/
nB[;ko iK rkfJe dh ebgBk ;aesh d/ nXko T[Zs/ nkT[Id/ jB. ;zrhs ftZu
XtBh d/ fJ; T[sko-uVkn ns/ ntkia d/ tZy-tZy YzrK Bkb gq:'r eoB dh
feqnk B{z eke{ G/d fejk iKdk j? iK Gkt d/ nB[;ko ezm dh XtBh ftZu j'D
tkb/ pdbktK B{z eke{ efjzd/ jB.
71
eke{, XtBh ftZu fJ; soK ;wkfJnk j? fit/I
nZr ftZu ;/e ns/ ;aoho ftZu nkswk
72
70 vkH ohBk e[wko, fjzd[;skBh ;zrhs ek ntb'eB, *eke{* e/ nkXko go, gzBk 1
71;[GZdok u"Xoh, (ftnkfynk ns/ nB[tkd) ;akozrd/t feqs ;zrhs osBkeo, d{ik yzv, shik nfXnkJ/,
;ab'e 120, gzBk 148 72 vkH ohBk e[wko, fjzd[;skBh ;zrhs ek ntb'eB, eke{ e/ nkXko go, gzBk 27
. rkfJe Gkt/I fe;/ th gqeko Xo[gd,
260
fynkb, m[woh nkfd dk rkD eodk j't/ gozs{ T[;d/ bJh eke{ d/ tZy-tZy G/dK
dk frnkB j'Dk io{oh j?. gzH ;akozrd/t ih th rkfJe d/ 22 be;aDK ftZu'IA fJZe
r[D eke{nK dk frnkB *;oteke{ft;aa/;afts* dh rZb B{z wzBd/ jB.
73
eke{ d/ S/ G/d ;[o eke{, okr eke{, nzfBnokr eke{, d/;a eke{, ;a/so
eke{ ns/ :zsq eke{ jB.
74
eke{ d/ gfjb/ fszB G/dK dk ;pzX okr d/ o{g d/
Bkb j[zdk j? idfe nrb/ fszB G/d gqd/;a, ezm ns/ ;kiK dh XtBh d/ r[DK T[Zs/
nXkos j[zd/ jB.
75
Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh ftZu eke{ d/ gq:'r Bkb tZy-tZy
Gkt-noE ;kjwD/ nkT[AId/ jB. ntkia d/ brkn d/ tZy-tZy YzrK d/ nkXko T[Zs/
jh Xo[gd fJZe rzGho rkD ;a?bh, fynkb rzGhosk ns/ f;zarkoesk d/ w/b B[z{
gqrNkT[D tkbh rkD ;a?bh ns/ m[woh f;azrko o; ns/ ekw GktBktK B{[z irkT[D
tkbh ;a?bh tZi'I gqf;ZX j?. eke{nK d/ nkXko T[Zs/ jh fJZe ;XkoD ;apd dhnK
tZy-tZy Gkt-GzfrwktK B{z gqrN ehsk iKdk j?. ;zrhs ftZu yk;eo e/ m[woh ;a?bh
ftZu fJZe' ;apd B{z nktkia d/ T[sko uVkn Bkb gq;s[s eoB s/ T[; ;apd dk
jo ;zGt noE ns/ Gkt ;kjwD/ fbnkfJnk iKdk j?, fJj feqnk eke{ T[Zs/ jh
nXkos j?. Xo[gd rkfJB ftZu ntki B[{z rzGho pDkT[Dk, wzdq ;gse ftZu
rzGhosk g{ote b? ikDk ns/ thosk Gog{o nzdkia Bkb pzfd;a rkDk ns/
b?nekoh, p'b tzv nkfd feqnktK eod/ t/b/ rkfJe nkgDh ntki B{[z eJh YzrK
Bkb pDkT[D dh e'f;a;a eodk j?. ebkeko d/ eke{ frnkB d/ nkXko s/ jh
Xo[gd dh pzfd;a dk GrshwJh iK f;azrkoe Gkt gqrN j[zdk j?. fynkb ;a?bh
ftZu pzfd;a d/ GktK d/ gqrNkt/ bJh ebgBk d/ Bkb-Bkb eke{ G/dK dk gq:'r
th ;jkfJe j[zdk j?. nkbkg nzr ftZu nktki B[z{ ed/ dod - Goh, ed/ e'wb,
ed/ f;zarkoe GktK Bkb Gog{o eoe/ brkDk eke{ G/dK dk jh uwseko j?.
fynkb ;a?bh ftZu ;[o, okr, d/;a gqeko d/ eke{ gqekoK dk gq:'r j[zdk j?.
76
73 ;[GZdok u"Xoh, (ftnkfynk ns/ nB[tkd) ;akozrd/tfeqs ;zrhs osBkeo, d{ik yzv, shik nfXnkJ/,
;ab'e 16, gzBk 113 74 vkH ;[GZdok u"Xoh, (ftnkfynk ns/ nB[tkd) ;akozrd/t feqs ;zrhs osBkeo, d{ik yzv, shik nfXnkJ/,
gzBk 148 75 T[jh, gzBk 152
76 vkH wX{okBh ;a[ebk, eke{ ek ;Krhfse ftt/uB, gzBk 176-177
m[woh ;a?bh ftZu *eke{* gqkD dh soK ej/ ik ;ed/ jB feT[Ife p'bK iK ;[oK
ftZu T[sko-uVkn s'II fpBK Gkt gqrNktk eoBk ;zGt BjhI j?. eke{ dh ;jkfJsk
261
Bkb m[woh dh gd ouBk d/ w[Zy Gkt B[z{, m[woh ouBk d/ e[M w[Zy p'bK okjhA
gqrNkT[IDk nk;kB j' iKdk j?. m[woh ftZu ;[o, okr eke{ s'II fJbktk nzfBn okr
eke{ dk th gq:'r j[zdk j? feT[Ife o; T[sgZsh ns/ Gkt gqrNkt/ bJh m[woh ftZu
eJh j'o okrK d/ ;[oK dk w/b th j[zdk j?.
T[go'es fszBK ;a?bhnK ftZu f;azrko o; d/ gqarNkt/ bJh ntki dk brkt
nbZr-nbZr j?. ;EkB, T[uZkoD ns/ rsh ftZu nzso nk ikD Bkb fijVk
pdbkt nkT[Idk j? T[; s'II tZy-tZy GktK dk gqrNktk j[zdk j?.
77
f;azrko o; *osh* BK d/ ;EkJh Gkt s'II T[sgzB j[zdk j? ns/ fJ;B{[z
*T[itZb t/;akswe* :kBh fe T[itZb o{g tkbk fejk frnk j?.
;[oK B{z tZy-tZy
rkD ;a?bhnK ns/ gd ouBktk d/ o;-Gkt w[skpe Gkt[e pDkT[Dk eke{ dk ezw
j?. eke{ jh ;zrhs ftZu nkBzd gqdkB eodk j? feT[Ife fJ;d/ nkXko s/ ehsk
frnk ntki dk tZy-tZy gq:'r wB B{z S'Ij iKdk j? ns/ y[;ah fdzdk j?. XtBh
ftZu nkD tkb/ nzso fit/A fe s/i s'II jbeh, T[Zuh s'II BhthI, fwZmh s'IA e'Vh j'D
nkfd dk e'Jh ekoB j[zdk j? ns/ jo XtBh tZy-tZy Gkt bJh tosh iKdh j?.
wzdq, sko, gsbh, w'Nh, Gkoh, jbeh jo soK dh nktki dk nbZr-nbZr noE
jz[dk j?. fJ;h soK Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh dhnK tZy-tZy ftf;nK ft;/a;aeo f;azrko
o; Gog{o pzfd;aK d/ o;-Gkt B{z nktkia d/ eke{ G/dK okjhI ;iht pDkfJnk iKdk
j?. m[woh nkfd ;a?bhnK ftZu nktkia ftZu j'e/, j{e, p/u?B j'D dk Gkt, dod s'II
T[mZD tkbh ghV nkfd dk Gkt fdykDk th eke{ T[Zs/ jh nXkos j? fijVk fe
Gkt gqrNkt/ B[z{ j'o ;gZ;aN eodk j?.
(;) BkfJe-BkfJek G/d
78
f;zrko o; d/
gqrNkt/ d/ ;w/A f;azrko ;apd s'Ia Gkt j[zdk j? - nk;tkdB ehs/ ikD tkbh osh
ns/ osh B{z G'rD tkb/ BkfJe BP{z *f;zarkoh* fejk iKdk j?.
79
;z;ko ftZu fijVh
uhia Åa[G, gftZso, s/i Gog{o iK T[itZb, do;aB eoB :'r j?, T[;B{z f;azrko dh
T[gwk fdZsh iKdh j?.
80
77 vkH ohBk e[wko, fjzd[;skBh ;zrhs ek ntb'eB, eke{ e/ nkXko go, gzBk 77
78 pkp{ bkb Å[eb ;ak;soh, fjzdh BkN;ak;so , Gkr 6, gzBk 299
79 Ujh, gzBk 299
80 Ujh, gzBk 300
f;zarko B{z *T[sZw :[t gqfeosh* fejk frnk j?. fJZE/ g[o;a
262
ns/ fJ;soh d'jK bJh T[sZw ;apd tofsnk frnk ns/ fJ; soK fJZe :[te ns/
fJZe :[tsh fwbe/ d' T[Zsw j'J/ jB. fJZE/ T[Zsw :[t dk wsbp f;oc bVe/-
bVeh dh ;aohoe ;[zdosk dk j'Dk jh BjhI j? pbfe fJ; s'II d'jK dh Gkt[esk
pko/ gsk ubdk j?. fJ;soh-g[oy d'jK d/ T[sZw Bk j'D iK BkfJe d/ Bk j'D
s/ *osh* fNe BjhI ;edh. f;zarko dk gqkD j? -;zi'r ftZu fwbBk. ;zi'r d/ ;w/A
ftSVB dk vo ns/ fti'r ftZu fwbD dh sKx pDh ofjzdh j?.
81
f;azrko o; dk Gkosh ebk, ;kfjs Bkb pVk jh Y{zxk ;zpzX j?. ebk-
;kfjs d/ jo o{g ftZu f;azrko dh S'Ij dk nfj;k; j[zdk j? feT[Ife f;azrko o;
Bkb ebktK ftZu o; dh fwnkd tZXdh j?. ;zrhs ebk sK f;azrko o; s'II fpBK
ofj jh BjhI ;edh. efjD dk Gkt fJj j? fe f;azrko o; d/ tZy-tZy gfjb{nK
dk gqrNktk ;zrhs ftZu pV/ jh GktwJh Yzr Bkb ehsk iKdk j? feT[AIfe Gkosh
;zrhs ftZu tZy-tZy gqfeosh, o; T[Zs/ nXkfos rkD ftXktK gqufbZs jB. tZy-tZy
rkD ftXktK fit/I fe Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh ftZu th f;azrko o; dk gqrNktk
xZN-tZX o{g ftZu j[zdk fojk j?. Xo[gd d/ fJfsjkf;e fgS'IeV B{z t/yD s'II gsk
ubdk j? fe fJ; d/ nkozGe o{[g ftZu Jh;atoh rkD gqw[Zy fojk gozs{ w[rb
ekbhB okiB?fse tksktoB B/ Xo[gd ;a?bh B[{z th f;azrkoe ozr d/D dh e'f;a;a
ehsh. Xo[gd ;a?bh dhnK f;azrkoe pzfd;aK T[;/ :[Zr dh d/D jB. fynkb ;a?bh
dh sK gotfo;a jh w[rbekbhB ozrhB wkj'b ftZu j'Jh, fi; eoe/ fynkb ;a?bh
fFzrko d/
y/so ftZu fJj ;G e[M nkT[Idk j?. f;azrko d/ d' G/d jB ;zi'r ns/ ftgqbzG
f;zarko. f;zarko d/ nkbzpB BkfJe-BkfJek j[zd/ jB. ;zi'r f;azrko ftZu BkfJe-
BkfJek dk fwbB ns/ fti'r f;azrko ftZu ftS'IVk j'Dk d' nbZr-nbZr nt;EktK
jB fijBK d/ gqrNkt/ ftZu nzso B{z pVh jh nk;kBh Bkb ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?
gozs{ gq/w j'D s/ ;zG'r Bk j'D dh nt;Ek ftZu th ;zi'r f;azrko d/ fttjko
dk gqrNktk ebktK ftZu ehsk iKdk j?. BkfJe-BkfJek d/ wB ftZu gq/w j'D d/
pkti{d th fwbB Bk j'Dk nkfd, d'B' d;aktK d/ w/b Bkb pVk jh uwsekoh
gqGkt T[sgzB j[zdk j?.
81 pkp{ bkb Å[eb ;ak;soh, fjzdh BkN;ak;so, Gkr 6 - gzBk 301 - 303
263
ftZu f;azrko o; d/ Bkb -Bkb eJh o;K dk gqrNktk j'fJnk. fynkb ;a?bh dhnK
Grsh Gog{o ns/ ;z;kfoe pzfd;aK ftZu th f;zarko dk gqrNktk j?. m[woh ;a?bh
dk gkbB g';aD jh BtkpK ad/ dopkoK ftZu j'fJnk fi; eoe/ fJ; ftZu
w[rbekbhB ftbk;h tksktoB dh Mbe t/yD B{[z fwb iKdh j?. fszBK rkfJB
;a?bhnK ftZu f;azrko o; dk gqrNktk Grsh ns/ ;z;kfoe d'jK gqeko dhnK pzfd;aK
ftZu fwbdk j? gozs{ fJjBK d[nkok f;azrko o; d/ gqrNkt/ ftZu e[M w[Zy nzso
fJ; soK jB L-
Xo[gd ftZu fwbD tkbhnK Xkofwe pzfd;aK ftZu d/th-d/tfsnK dk o{g-
toBD, wjkB ftneshnK dh fto[dktbh, ;zrhse f;XKs, gqfeosh toBD Bkd
wfjwk, BkfJek G/d nkfd ft;a/ gqkgs j[zd/ jB.
gzH beFwh BkokfJD ror d[nkok T[jBK dh g[;se (fi;dk T[jBK
d[nkok fjzdh nB[tkd ehsk frnk j?) @nfGB?n dogD n"o rhs r'ftzd# ftZu
BkfJe-BkfJek dhnK tZy-tZy dFktK ns/ G/dK dk y{p;{os toBD ehsk frnk j?
fi;B{z t/y e/ w?B{z nfijk nB[Gt j[zdk j? fe okfinK-wjkokfinK dh gq;zza;k ftZu
fbyhnK rJhnK eJh Xotgd ouBktK ftZu pkd;akjK B{z *Xho'dks* BkfJe (fijVk
nkgDh gq;az;k Bk eodk j't/, wkc eoB tkbk, rzGho ;[Gkt, ;[Zy-d[Zy ftZu ;fEo
ofjD tkb/ ;[Gkn tkbk, gZek fB;au? eoB tkbk, Bwo, ;fEo iK nNb,
;[nkfGwkBh, T[dko fjod? tkbk j[zdk j?)
82
Xo[gd dhnK Xkofwe pzfd;aK, fijBK ftZu f;at ;azeo, rD/;a, ns/ eJh
d/th d/tfsnK d/ o{g, r[D, wfjwk dk toBD ehsk frnk j?, ftZu th gowkswk
tZi'I gqrNkfJnk frnk j?. w[rb
pkd;akj n'ozri/p dh gq;az;k ftZu th ;z[do Xo[gd ouBktK fwbdhnK jB, fJjBK
s'IA nzdkiak brkfJnk ik ;edk j? fe fJjBK ouBktK B{[z fbyD dk T[d/;a
pkd;akjK dh fto[dktbh, gq;za;k ns/ T[jBK s'II fJBkw ns/ uzr/ nj[Zd/ nkfd gkT[Dk
j[zdk j't/rk feT[Ife Xo[gd ftZu wjkB ftneshnK dh fto[dktbh T[Zs/ nXkos
eJh pzfd;aK fwbdhnK jB.
82 vkH be;awhBkokfJD ror, (nB[tkde) nfGB?n dogD n'o rhs r'ftzd , gzBk 53
264
B{z Xho'dks BkfJe tZi'I gqrNkfJnk frnk j? id fe dopkoh Xo[gdK ftZu Åqh
feq;aB-okXk B[z{ f;azrko d/ nkbzpB tZi'I gqrNkfJnk frnk j?. Åqh feq;aB-okXk T[Zs/
nXkos fJjBK Xotgd pzfd;aK ftZu ;aqh feq;aB ih B{z Xho'dks BkfJe j'D d/
Bkb-Bkb Xho bfbs BkfJe (noEks T[j BkfJe i' fuzsk ofjs, wX[o ;[Gkn,
j;hI-y/v B[z g;zd eoB tkbk, jw/;ak fBqs-rkB nkfd ebktK ftZu wrB ofjD
tkbk j[zdk j?)
83
ti'I do;akfJnk frnk j?. i?d/t d/ rhs r'ftzd ns/ feq;aB-okXk
T[Zs/ nkXkfos tZy-tZy Xo[gd pzfd;aK ftZu BkfJek d/ eJh G/dK dk gqrNktk j?.
fJjBK ouBktK ftZu Åaqh feq;aB ih B[z{ tZy-tZy r'ghnK Bkb ok; eod/ j'J/ ns/
fBqs-rkB ftZu wrB nt;Ek ftZu do;akfJnk frnk j? gozs{ Åqh feq;aB d/ gq/w dk
w[Zy e/Ido fpzd{ okXk ih B[z{ jh gqrN ehsk frnk j?. Åqh feq;aB ih d/ gq/w dk
;pzX okXk d/ Bkb i'fVnk frnk. fJ; soK ;aqh feq;aB ih B[z nB{e{b BkfJe (i'
BkfJe nkgDh ftnkj[sk n'os Bkb gq/w oZy/ ns/ fe;/ j'o fJ;sqh pko/ Bk ;'u/)
84
j'D d/ Bkb-Bkb def;aD BkfJe (;G BkfJektK d/ gqsh fJZe' soK dk gq/w oZyD
tkbk BkfJe fi;B{z jo BkfJek nkgDk gq/w jh ;wMdh j?)
85
Xo[gd ;a?bh ftZu fe;/ ftnesh bJh gq;za;k ;{ue ;apdktbh dk gq:'r e[M
fiankdk fwbdk j?. Xo[gd dhnK f;azrkoe pzfd;aK ftZu BkfJek d/ eJh o{g fwbd/
jB fit/I fe ;t?ehnk (fijVh ufoZsotkB, Fowhbh, gshtos fBGkT[D tkbh j't/),
nkrwgfsek (fi;dk fjod? gqhsw d/ xo tkfg; nkT[D s/ nBzd Bkb Go iKdk
j?), befFsk (fi;dk gq/w gq;zr T[;d/ beFDK s'I jh gsk ub iKdk j?), Xhok
Xhok (fijVh BkfJek o' e/ nkgD/ ngokXh gsh d/ wB ftZu gSsktk g?dk eo
fdzdh j?), nXhok (fJj BkfJek nkgD/ gsh d/ wB ftZu gSsktk g?dk eoB bJh
tZi'A th gqrNkfJnk
frnk. fiankdkso rkfJB ;a?bhnK ftZu tZy-tZy BkfJek G/d jh fwbd/ jB feT[aIfe
fJjBK ;a?bhnK dhnK pzfd;aK ftZu BkfJe w{e jh ofjzdk j? ns/ T[;d/ ;zi'r-
fti'r s'II fwbD tkb/ ;[Zy-d[Zy dk toBD th BkfJek d[nkok jh ehsk iKdk j?.
fJ; eoe/ fJjBK ;a?bhnK ftZu BkfJek G/dK dh ;zfynk e[M fiankdk j?.
83 vkH be;awhBkokfJD ror, (nB[tkde) nfGB?n dogD n'o rhs r'ftzd, 53
84 Ujh, gzBk 54
85 Ujh, gzBk 54
265
e"V/ p'b p'bdh j?), Xhok (fJj BkfJek pVh ;fjisk ns/ y[Fh Bkb nkgD/ gsh
d/ wB ftZu T[;dh ehsh fe;/ rbsh bJh gSsktk g?dk eodh j?), yzfvsk
(fijVh nkgD/ gsh d/ fe;/ j'o n"os Bkb ;zi'r eoB s'I fwb/ fuzBK B{z t/ydh
j? ns/ nkgD/ gsh d/ ;t/o/ xo tkg; nkT[D s/ r[Z;k eodh j?), ft:'frBh ns/
gkt; ft:'frBh (noEks gsh d/ fti'r ftZu sVgdh BkfJek dhnK tZy-tZy
nt;EktK) nkfd. okXk feq;aB Bkb ;pzfXs pzfd;aK ftZu BkfJektK d' soK dhnK
jB - ;t?ehnk ns/ goehnk. okXk ftZu ;t?ehnk-goehnk d't/I o{g fdykJh fdzd/
jB id fe okXk s'II S[ZN pkeh ;G r'ghnK goehnk iK gokJh jB. ;t?ehnk
Bkb'I goehnk o{g ftZu fiankdk nkBzd gqrNkfJnk frnk j? gozs{ ;{odk; B/ ok;
gqeoD ftZu okXk feq;aB dk rzXot ftnkj eok e/ okXk B{z ;t?fenk BkfJek d/
o{g ftZu gqrNkfJnk.
86
T[go'es toBD d/ nkXko s/ fejk ik ;edk j? fe Xo[gd d/ f;azrkoe
o{g ftZu BkfJek d/ ;t?ehnk, goehnk, wZfXnk (f;azrko ;ak;so dh frnksk)
87
,
yzfvsk (gsh d/ fe;/ j'o BkfJek e'b ikD ns/ gq/w ;{ue fuzBK B{[z t/y e/ r[Z;k
eoB tkbh)
88
Xo[gd s'II pknd fynkb ;a?bh dhnK pzfd;aK ftZu ftgqbzG f;azrko, eo[Dk,
;aKs, Grsh o; T[Zs/ nXkfos pzfd;aK fbfynK rJhnK. fJjBK ftZu fJ;soh d/
wB d/ GktK dk gqrNktk Xo[gd ;a?bh d/ gqrNkt/ Bkb'I e[M fiankdk ;gZ;aN ehsk
frnk j?. Xo[gd ftZu BkfJe d[nkok BkfJek dh y{p;{osh dk fuZsoD pV/ jh
T[sZw ;apdK ftZu ehsk frnk feT[Ife fJ; rkfJB ;a?bh ftZu okfinK-wjkokfinK d/
r[DrkB, d/th-d/tfsnK, Bkd wfjwk nkfd dh wfjwk dk rkD j[zdk ;h , fJ;
eoe/ fJ;d/ bJh nktkia ftZu n'ia (thosk dk Gkt) dh iao{os j[zdh j?. j'
;edk j? fJ;/ eoe/ fJ; ;a?bh dk ;zpzX g[o;a rkfJeK Bkb fiankdk fojk feT[Ife
g[o;aK dh nktkia ;[Gkte s"o s/ rzGho j[zdh j?. fi;B{[z eke{ G/dK Bkb e[M j'o
nkfd BkfJektK dk fuZsoD ehsk frnk j?.
86 vkH wBw'jB r"sw, (;zgkde-ftnkfynkeko), ;kfjs: bfjoh, gzBk 54-55 87 be;awh BkokfJD ror, (nB[tkde) nfGB?n dogD n"o rhs r'ftzd, gzBk 56 88 Ujh ,gzBk 61
266
rzGho iK e'Jh th o{g ftZu pDkfJnk ik ;edk j?. rzGho ftf;anK s'II jZN e/
Xo[gd ;a?bh ftZu f;azrko o; d/ fi; o{g dk gqrNktk ehsk frnk j? T[; Bt/I
o{g ftZu th Xo[gd d/ g[oksB s/iwJh o{g, T[sZw ;apdK Bkb fto[dktbh, o{g-
r[D-wfjwk dk toBD nkfd ft;/a;asktK dk gqGkt fdydk j?. fJ; eoe/ Xo[gd d/
f;azrkowJh o{g ftZu BkfJek d/ nfsnzs Gkt[e fjod? dk toBD BjhI fwbdk.
Xo[gd dh BkfJek ftZu th d?th o{g dk toBD jh fwbdk j?.
fynkb ;a?bh dhnK pzfd;aK d/ eJh ft;a/ jB fijBK ftZu gq'f;asgfsek
(fijVh BkfJek gsh d/ god/;a ub/ ikD s/ fpojk ftZu f;azrko BjhI eodh),
yzfvsk (fijVh BkfJek gsh d/ fe;/ j'o fJ;soh Bkb gq/w eoB ns/ gq/w fuzBK B{z
t/y e/ r[Z;k eodh j?), tk;e;Zik (;[zdo GtB ftZu nkgDh ;j/bhnK d[nkok ;zG'r
f;azrko bJh fsnko j[zdh BkfJek), nfG;kfoek (fijVh fJ;soh ekw Bkb ghfVs
j' e/, ;ki-;iktN SZv e/, fwbB tkbh irK T[Zs/ ik e/ BkfJe B{z p[bkT[Idh j?),
gqts;Z:gfsek (fijVh Bkfjek gqhsw d/ god/; ikD dh ypo ;[D e/ ftnke[b
j[zdh j?), nkrwgfsek (fijVh BkfJek dk wB gqhsw d/ xo tkg; nkT[D dh
ypo ;[D e/ y[;ah Bkb Go iKdk j?)
89
89 vkH be;awh BkokfJD ror,(nB[tkde) nfGB?n dogD n"o rhs r'ftzd, gzBk 61-62
fynkb dh BkfJek ftZu ;t?ehnk (nkgDh)
BkfJek fiankdk gqrNkJh rJh j? feT[Ife fJ; ftZu BkfJek nkgD/ gsh -gq/wh
nkfd d/ fe;/ d{ih n"os Bkb ;pzX j'D pko/ nB[wkB, ;aZe p[Ddh ofjzdh j? ns/
nkgD/ BkfJe B{z fe;/ go fJ;soh e'b j'D pko/ skB/ fdzdh j?, Bkokiarh isKdh
j?. nkgD/ wB d/ GktK B{z T[j nkgDh ;yhnK, w'o, ukse, e'fJb nkfd gzShnK,
tZy-tZy gqfeose t;sK fitI/A fe pZdb, fpibh, whIj, nkfd T[Zs/ iakfjo eodh j?
ns/ fJjBK B{z nkgD/ gsh Bkb ehs/ ;zi'r-fti'r dhnK rZbK pV/ jh GktwJh
Yzr Bkb dZ;dh j?. gqfeose uhiaK Bkb fJ; soK dk Gkt gqrNktk b"fee
;kfjs, ebk ftZu th j[zdk j? ns/ ;kv/ gqkuhB ;kfjs ftZu th fwbdk j?. fynkb
;a?bh ftZu fJ; soK dk gqrNktk o;-f;oiDk d/ BiaohJ/ s'II ehsk frnk j?.
fynkb dh BkfJek p/jZd ;z[do j[zdh j? gozs{ T[; ftZu Xo[gd dh BkfJek tkb/
d?th r[D BjhI j[zd/ ns/ Bk jh fynkb dh BkfJek dh gq;az;k bJh T[Zu e'fN d/
267
;kfjse ns/ T[gwk Go/ ;apdK dk fiankdk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. fynkb dh
BkfJek e'wb nzrK tkbh j?, d?th r[DK Bkb Gog{o BjhI j?. T[dkjoD L-
(fynkb F?bh dh fJZe ouBk ftZu BkfJek dk o{g toBD)
;EkJh - r'o/ w[y ;' w'o/ wB Gkt/
b[eS[g do;aB nsh jh ;[jkt/.
nzsok - B:B fwqr ;w uzdqw[yh pdB.
90
fBekJh e" Gko" Go:" oh gbk HHHHHHHHHHHHHHo{g ebk.
ewb nsh ;dkozr wB SKvt/.
(Xo[gd ;a?bh dh fJZe ouBk ftZu BkfJek dk o{g toBD)
s[t w[Zy n"o uzdqwk ftozu s[bkekoh s'Ib:",
n'S" nek; r:", M[fe XoBh ofj:"
91
fJ; soK fynkb ftZu BkfJektK d/ eJh o{gK dk fuZsoD ehsk frnk.
m[woh ;a?bh dh BkfJek, fynkb dh BkfJek dh soK nkgD/ wB d/ GktK Bz{ fe;/
wfonkdk ftZu ofj e/ BjhA gqrNkT[Idh pbfe fJ;dh BkfJek nkgDh fJZe rZb Bz{
eJh YzrK Bkb rk e/, GktK d/ Bkb gqrNkT[Idh j?. GktK dk wjZst jo/e ebk
bJh j[zdk j? gozs{ Gkt gqdo;aB, m[woh ;a?bh dk ft;aa/;a bZe;aD j?. m[woh ftZu
fJ;soh d/ wB dhnK f;azrkoe GktBktK, ;zi'r-fti'r f;zarko dk toBD ehsk
iKdk j? i' fe pj[s jh ekw[e iK o'wKfNe j[zdk j?. fJ; ftZu eJh Gk;aktK d/
;apdK dk w/b ehsk iKdk j?. m[woh ftZu tk;e;Zik, ftoj'sezfmsk (fJjBK dk
toBD fynkb ;a?bh d/ ;pzX ftZu th ehsk frnk j?), ;tkXhB gfsek (fi;d/
ftZu osh r[DK d/ j'D eoe/ T[;dk gq/wh T[;B[{z BjhI SZvdk, nfijh ftbk;wJh
BkfJek), ebjKsfosk (fijVh gfjbK sK gsh dh p/fJiZsh eodh j? ns/ T[; d/
ub/ ikD s'II pknd gSsKdh j?)
92
90 gzH Gksyzv/, eqfwe g[;se wkfbek, Gkr - 3, gzBk 576
91 gqG{fdnkb whsb, (;zrqfj) ;zrhs ;wokN skB;/B, ihtBh n"o ouBkJ/AI, gzBk 102
92 vkH be;awh BkokfJD ror,_ (nB[tkd) nfGB?n dogD n'o rhs r'ftzd, gzBk 61-62
, yzfvsk- r[gsyzfvsk (gsh d/ d{ih n"os d/
268
Bkb j'D ns/ ;t/o xo tkfg; nkT[D s/ gq/w fuzBk B{z t/y e/ gsh Bkb Bkoki
j'D tkbh BkfJek B{z yzfvsk efjzd/ jB, r[gs yzfvsk BkfJek nkgDh Bkokiarh B[z
wB jh wB ftZu oZydh j? ns/ eq'fXs j[zdh j?) -fJZe T[dkjoD r[gs yzfvsk
BkfJek
;EkJh - w'o/ eowtK w/ :kjhI fbyk, j' okik,
93
(gq'f;asgfsek BkfJek T[j j[zdh j? fijVh gsh d/ god/;a ikD s/ fpojk
Bkb p/u?B j[zdh j? ns/ fµzrko nkfd B{z fsnkr fdzdh j? gozs{ gq'f;asgfsek dh
g{ot nt;Ek s'II Gkt fJj fbnk ik ;edk j? fe BkfJek gqhsw d/ ub/ ikD s/
p/u?B sK j[zdh j? gozs{ f;zarko B{z fsnkrdh BjhI feT[Ife m[woh dk o{g jh
fµzrkowJh BkfJek Bkb ;gZ;aN j[zdk j?. fti'r dh p/u?Bh ftZu fti'rB dk o{g
XkoB Bkb BkfJek d/ y{p;{os o{g ftZu f;zarko Gkt dh EK s/ p?okr Gkt :kBh
fe o[Zy/gB dk gqrNktk j'D dk vo j[zdk j?, fJ; eoe/ fti'r ftZu th f;zzarko
dh fwnkd xZN BjhI ehsh ik ;edh), nfG;kfoek BkfJek dk fiaeo fynkb ;a?bh
ftZu th fwbdk j?, nfrnks ns/ frnks :'tBk (fijVh BkfJek B{z nkgD/
nbjVgB ftZu o{g-i'pB dk ns/ :[tsh j' ikD dk gsk jh BjhI ubdk ns/
T[j nkgD/ ihtB ftZu nk oj/ pdbktK dk ekoB BjhI ;wM gkT[Idh T[;Bz{
nfrnks :'tBk BkfJek efjzd/ jB. fJ; s'II T[bN fi; BkfJek B{z nkgD/ o{g,
i'pB, itkBh dk frnkB j[zdk j? ns/ fijVh nkgD/ ihtB ftZu nk oj/ Bt/ ABt/I
y{p;{os pdbktK dk nkBzd wkDdh j? T[;B[z frnks :'tBk efjzd/ jB.
eo b/ ;tshnk (:kBh fe ;'sB) ;/ gqhs..
nzsok - ijK ojh:' okik e[;ab ;/ ojh:'.
w'o/ f;zd[otk e/ Gkr, j' okik
eo b/ ;tshnk ;/ ghqs..
ftgqbpZXk (fijVh BkfJek nkgD/ gqhsw B{z fwbB tkbh irK T[Zs/ Bk t/y e/ d[Zyh
j[zdh j?), gq'f;asgfsek BkfJek dh gfjbh nt;Ek
94
93 vkH ;aso[xB ;a[eb, m[woh eh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o ;a?bhnK, gzBk 216
94 vkH be;awh BkokfJD ror, (nB[tkd) nfGB?n dogD n"o rhs r'ftzd, gzBk 57
fJ; s'II
269
fJbktk okXk-feq;aB gq/w, S/VSkV nkfd T[Zs/ nXkos pzfd;aK ftZu µqh feqµB ih Bz{
Xho bfbs (fB;afuzs, wX[o ;[Gkn, j;hI wike eoB tkbk, fBqs-rhs ftZu wrB
ofjD tkb/ BkfJe) BkfJe tZi'I doµfkJnk frnk j?. fynkb, m[woh dhnK pzfd;aK
ftZu j'bh, p;zs, toyk nkfd o[ZsK d/ toBD Bkb ;pzfXs pzfd;aK th fwbdhnK
jB. jo/e rkfJB ;a?bh d/ ;[Gkn w[skpe fJjBK pzfd;aK ftZu f;azrko o; B[z{
gqarNkfJnk frnk j?.
f;ZNkL-
Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh d/ T[go'es ;zg{oB s[bBkswe nfXn?B d/ nkXko
T[&Zs/ fejk ik ;edk j? fe Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh fszB'A ;a?bhnK ftZu f;zzarko
o; dk gqrNtktk fJjBK rkfJB ;a?bhnK d/ ;[Gkn w[skpe ehsk frnk j?.
jkbKfe fJjBK ;a?bhnK ftZu ouhnK rJhnK eJh pzfd;aK ftZu fJ;soh d/ µohoe
nzrK, o{g-;z[dosk dk GZdk iK nB[fus toBD th ehsk frnk i' fe f;zzarko o;
d/ dkfjo/ s'II pkjo dk fejk ik ;edk j? feT[Ife Gkosh ;kfjs, ebk-;z;feqsh
ftZu f;azrko o; dh j'Id pj[s g[okDh j? ns/ ;kfjs ebk ftZu fJ; B{z fpnkB
eoB ;pzXh f;XksK dk rmB th ehsk frnk j?. fJjBK o; f;XKsk d/ dkfjo/
ftZu ehsk frnk toBD ;wki d[nkok ngBkJ/ ik ;eD tkbk j[zdk j? idfe
f;azrko o; d/ gqrNkt/ ftZu ;[szsosk dk rbs gq:'r eoB Bkb fµzrko o;
gqrNkt/ d/ o{g ftZu ftrkV nk iKdk j?. tZy-tZy rkD ;a?bhnK ftZu fwbD
tkbhnK nB[fus pzfd;aK w[rb ekb dh okiBhfse, ;wkfie gfo;fEshnK dk f;ZNk
j' ;edhnK jB. Xo[gd , fynkb, m[woh fszB' ;a?bhnK Gkosh ;zrhs dhnK w[Zy
;a?bhnK jB ns/ fJjBK d[nkok Bt o;K ftZu'II ;op'sw ej/ ikD tkb/ f;zzarko o;
dk gqrNktk py{ph ehsk frnk j?. f;azrko o; dh S'Ij fJjBK ;a?bhnK dhnK
Xkofwe pzfd;aK ftZu th fwbdh j?. f;ZN/ tZi'A fejk ik ;edk j? fe f;azrko o;
T[sZw, nfs-T[sZw, ;op'sw fJjBK fszB o{gK ftZu m[woh, fynkb ns/ Xo[gd ;a?bh
ftZu ;wkfJnk j'fJnk j?. efjD dk Gkt j? fJj j? fe Xo[gd µ?bh ftZu
fµzrko o; dk gqrNktk (Gkt/I T[j GrshwJh iK ;z;koe fµzrko j't/) ™T[sZw´ j?
idfe fynkb µ?bh ftZu fµzrko o; dk o{g ™nfs-T[sZw´ fejk ik ;edk j? ns/
270
m[woh ftZu fµzrko o; dk gq:'r ™;op'sw´ j?. fJjBK fszBK F?bhnK d[nkok
gqrNkJ/ fFzrko o; d/ gqrNkt/ ftubh tzB-;[tzBsk jh Gkosh ;zrhs B{z ftbZyDk
ns/ y{p;{osh gqdkB eodh j?.
271
Xo[gd ftZu ;[o, b?n, skb dh Xo[tsk iK nNbsk eoe/ fJ;dk ;to{g fe;/
;XkoD rkB F?bh dh soK Bjha bZrdk pbfe fJj F?bh nkgDh o{g o/yk, ;kfjs,
ndkfJrh d/ gZy'I d?th r[DK Bkb Gog{o gqshs j[zdh j? . fJ; F?bh ftzu ;z;koe
BkfJe-BkfJek d/ o{g r[D Bkb ;zpzXs fFzrkoe ftF/, osh toBD ns/ eJh j'o
ozie ftfFnK T[Zs/ nkXkos ;kfjs th ofunk frnk j? . Xo[gd d/ d?th o{g dk
gqGkt fJ;d/ ;z;koe fFzrko toBDK ftZu th t/fynk iKdk j/ . Xo[gd dk
;z;koe fFzrko toBD fe;/ ;XkoB Bo-Bkoh dk fFzrko toBD Bjha bZrdk
f;ZN/ ns/ ;EkgBktK
Xo[gd, fyankb ns/ m[woh B{z fjzd[;skBh ;zrhs dhnK fszB gqw[Zy rkfJB
F?bhnK tZi'I ;theko ehsk iKdk j?. Xo[gd F?bh dk o{g T[Zu Fk;soh fB:wK ns/
Xkofwe GktBktK Bkb Gog{o j[zdk j? . fJ; F?bh ftZu ;z;koe ftfFnK dh
uouk xZN ehsh iKdh j? id fe d/th d/tfsnK, okfinK-wjkokfinK d/ o{g-r[D
dk T[gwk Gog{o toBD fiankdk ehsk iKdk j? .nkgD/ g[okD/ F[ZX o{g ftZu
Xo[gd F?bh w[rb dopko dh ;z;feqsh ns/ gqrNkt/ s'I pj[s d{o ;h. Xo[gd d/
g[okD/ ns/ F[ZX o{g ftZu fJ;atoh r[DrkB jh w[Zy j[zdk ;h gozs{ dopkoh ;z;feqsh
s'IA_ gqGkfts j' e/ Xo[gd ;a?bh ftZu th f;azrkoe pzfd;aK dh ouBk j'Jh, fJjBK
pzfd;aK dh Gk;ak T[&Zu e'Nh dh j? . fJj ;a?bh r[DhnK d[nkok rkJh ikD tkbh
ns/ nZr'_A r[DhnK d[nkok jh ;wMh ikD tkbh ;a?bh ;h ns/ w[rb dopko d/
T[&Zu/ ofjD-;fjD d/ w[skpe ;h . Xo[gd dh ;zrsh bJh efmB skb, thDk
tkdB ns/ Xo[gd fBqs d/ toBD th fwbd/ jB . fJ; s'II fJj nzdkiak
brkfJnk ik ;edk j? fe T[; ;w/A_ Xo[gd s'II T[sgzB j'J/ f;azrko o; B[z{ ;wMD
iK T[;dk nBzd b?D bJh th ;zrhse frnkB dk j'Dk iao{oh j[zdk ;h fi; eoe/
nkw b'eK ftZu fJ; ;a?bh dk gquko BjhI j' ;fenk . T[; ekb dhnK f;azrkoe
gfo;fEshnK d/ ekoB Xo[gd ftZu f;azrko o; dk gqrNktk j'fJnk gozs{ Xo[gd
ftZu GrshwJh f;azrko o{g jh fiankdk gqpb fojk ns/ Xo[gd dk ;z;koe f;azrko
;EkJh o{g ftZu Bjh__ ofj ;fenk . fJ;d/ pkti{d th Xo[gd d/ ;kfjs ftZu
eJh f;zarkoe ouBktK gqkgs j[zdhnK jB.
272
pbfe fe;/ nsh ;[zdo d?th r[DK Bkb Gog{o Bo-Bkoh dk fFzrko toBD gqshs
j[zdk j? . fJ; toBD ftZu fijBK T[Zu e'Nh d/ ;kfjZse FpdK ns/ T[gwktK
(;zfrnktK) dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?, T[; soK dk gqrNktk fyankb ns/ m[woh
dhnK ouBktK ftZu BjhI fwbdk . jkbKfe fyankb F?bh dhnK eJh ouBktK ftZu
;[zdo pqi GkFkJh FpdK dk gq:'r th ehsk iKdk j? gozs{ fJj Fpdktbh Xo[gd
F?bh d/ ;wkB gfoFfeqs ns/ T[&Zue'Nh dh BjhI j[zdh .
fJ; soK Xo[gd F?bh ftZu fFzrko o; dk toBD ;z;koe, Xkowe, o[ZsK
nkfd d/ toBDK d/ o{g ftZu ehsk frnk j? . Xo[gd F?bh d/ jo o{g ftZu
(Gkt/I T[j Xkowe j't/ iK ;z;koe ftfFnK T[Zs/ nXkos j't/) T[;dh ;kfjZse
;[jisk ns/ Fk;soh ohsh dk gkbB ehsk iKdk j? . b'eK d/ wB goukt/ bJh
fJ; F?bh d/ ;to{g Bkb S/VSkV BjhI ehsh ik ;edh. FkfJd fJ;/ ekoB fJ;
F?bh ftZu BkfJe-BkfJek G/d ns/ fFzrko dhnK T[sZw pzfdFK fwbdhnK jB ns/
T[jBK B{[z th Xo[gd dh gozgokrs ohs Bkb jh fpBK fe;/ pdbkt s'I rkfJnk
iKdk j? . ftF/ Gkt/I fezB/ jh o'ue j'D gozs{ Xo[gd d/ fB:wK ftZu e'Jh Yhb
Bjha tosh iKdh .
ftek; eqw dh fdqFNh s'I Xo[gd F?bh s'I pknd ;zrhs ftZu fyankb F?bh
dk gquko j'fJnk. fynkb ftZu f;azrko o; d/ d'jK o{gK ;zi'r-fti'r f;azrko,
Grsh ns/ eo[D o; s'IA_ b? e/ ftnkj ;zpzXh, o[ZsK ;zpzXh, gqqfeosh, ;zrhse sZsK
pko/ eJh pzfd;aK jB . fynkb dk f;azrko Xo[gd ;a?bh Bkb'I ;[szso j?, fJ; ftZu
BkfJek nkgD/ BkfJe dh f;oc f;cs jh Bjh_ eodh pbfe T[; Bkb o[Zmdh-
wBkT[_dh, f;aekfJs eodh, gq/w dhnK rZbK eodh, osh dk ;[Zy G'rdh th do;kJh
iKdh j? . fJ; ;a?bh ftZu n"os e/tb fJZe gq;za;k ;{ue t;s{ Bk j' e/ nkgD/
wB d/ gq/w ;zpzXh GktK dk fpnkB th eodh j? i' fe Xo[gd ;a?bh s'I_ fiankdk
;gZ;aN j?.m[woh, fynkb ;a?bh ftZu BkfJek d[nkok gqrNkJ/ rJ/ wB d/ GktK ns/
T[; ftZu fSg/ r{V noE B[z{ fJZe nkfJB/ dh soK ;gZ;aN eo fdzdh j? . fynkb
ftZu fJZe BkfJek-BkfJe dh ;zi'r-fti'r nt;Ek dk toBD fJZe ;hwk ftZu ofj
e/ ehsk iKdk j? . fJ; pzXB iK ;hwktK B[z{ m[woh ;a?bh dk Gkt gqdo;aB pVh
jh e'wbsk Bkb y'b fdzdk j? .
273
fFzrko o; dk T[j ;[szso gqrNktk i' fe Xo[gd F?bh ftZu BjhI j'
;edk ;h, dk gqdoFB fyankb F?bh ftZu ehsk frnk . n;b ftZu fJ;B{z n;hI
wB[Zy dh n"yhnkJh s'I ;"yhnkJh tZb ikD dh gqftosh tZi'I ;wM ;ed/ jK .
fyankb d/ ;to{g ftZu fFzrko o; d/ tZy-2 gfjb{nK dk ;[szso gqrNktk GkFktK
ftZu eoBk ;zGt ;h . fJ;dh ;ob GkFk ns/ fB:wK gZy'I ;obsk pkdFkjK B{[z
nkBzds eoB d/ Bkb-Bkb T[jBK dh ekw[e gqftosh B[z{ th T[sFkfjs eodh ;h.
f;ZN/ tZi'I fyankb F?bh ftZu fFzrko d/ jo gfjb{ B{z gqrNkfJnk frnk. fJ; F?bh
dhnK pzfdFK eJh GkFktK pqi, ntXh, gzikph, fjzdh, T[od{ nkfd ftZu ouhnK
rJhnK. nZieb fyankb F?bh dk jh gqubB j? . fJ;d/ ;kfjs ftZu fdB'-fdB
tkXk j' fojk j? ns/ tZy-tZy ftdtkBK d[nkok ;w/A-;w/AI s/ fyankb dhnK eJh
BthnK pzfdFK th ouhnK rJhnK jB . fJ; F?bh ftZu @ebgBk# dk wjZst j[zdk
j?. @ebgBk# dh ;jkfJsk Bkb jh fJZe ebkeko fyankb ftZu tZy-tZy ftfFnK B{[z
y{p;{osh Bkb gqrNk ;edk j?. fJ; eoe/ fJ; F?bh ftZu ;zi'r-fti'r s'I nbktk
th eJh ftF/ fwbd/ jB.
fyankb F?bh okjhI fFzrko d/ ;zi'r-fti'r o{gK dk e'wb gqrNktk j[zdk j?.
fJ;dh fFzrko nfGftnesh ftZu ;[szsosk sK j[zdh j? gozs{ fJj ;[szsosk m[woh
F?bh dh fFzrko nfGftnesh s'I xZN j[zdh j?. fyankb F?bh ftZu m[woh dh soK
e/tb ekw fJZSktK dk fJiajko jh BjhA j[zdk pbfe fJ; ftZu BkfJek B[z{ ;zi'r
d/ ;[Zy ftZu y[FhnK wBKdh, fti'r ftZu ftbkg eodh ns/ fJ; ;zi'r-fti'r
fFzrko s'I fwb/ ;[Zy-d[Zy B{z eJh soK Bkb gqrNkT[Idh fdykfJnk iKdk j?. fyankb
F?bh dk y/so pj[s ftFkb j[zdk j? ns/ fJ;d/ ftfFnK dh ;zfynk th tZvh j?.
@ebgBk# dk wjZst ns/ b?n dh ftftXsk j'D eoe/ fJ; ftZu ;zi'r-fti'r d/
fe;/ fJZe S'N/ fij/ gfjb{ B{[z th pj[s ;gZFN ns/ e'wb Yzr Bkb gq;s[s ehsk
ik ;edk j?. fJ; s'I fwbD tkbk nkBzd wB dhnK fFzrkoe GktBktK B{[z
e'wbsk Bkb S'j iKdk j?. fFzrko dk fJj gqrNktk ekw[e BjhI j[zdk.
fyankb F?bh s'I pknd m[woh F?bh nfsnzs ftbZyDsk Goh F?bh j?.
fJ; F?bh dk w[Zy o; @fFzrko# j?. fjzd[;skBh ;zrhs ftZu fFzrko o; dk ;G s'I
tZX gqrNktk m[woh F?bh okjhI ehsk iKdk j?. m[woh fJ;soh d/ wB d/ ;{yw s'II
274
;{yw GktK dk gqrNktk eo ;eD ftZu ;woE j?, fJ; eoe/ fJ; ;?abh ftZu
f;zzarko dhnK ;G s'II tZX pzfd;aK fwbdhnK jB. fynkb dh jh soK m[woh d/
;kfjs ftZu th fJ;soh iK BkfJek, d[nkok ;zi'r-fti'r f;zarko, o[ZmDk-wBkT[Dk,
S/VSkV nkfd dhnK nt;EktK dh ikDekoh fdZsh iKdh j? gos[z m[woh ftZu
f;zarko dh ;zi'r-fti'r nt;Ek d"okB ;aohoe gqGkt iK ;aoho d/ nzrk T[&Zs/ gJ/
gqGktK dk pVk jh ;iht toBD ehsk iKdk j?, fijVk fe fynkb ;?abh s'II th
tZX ;gZ;aN j[zdk j?. fJ; ;?abh dhnK pzfd;aK ftZu BkfJe dh w"i{drh dk nfj;k;
th BkfJek jh eotkT[Idh j? feT[Ife pzfd;a ftZu BkfJe r"D o{g ftZu jh j[zdk
j?.
gfjbK m[woh dk gqubB g/F/to BosehnK ftZu fojk fi;d/ f;ZN/ tZi'I
fJ; ftZu fFzrkoe FpdK dk e[M fiankdk nkeoFe YzrK Bkb gq:'r ehsk iKdk
j?. m[woh fFzrko o; dk ;[szso gqrNktk j?. fFzrko o; d/ gqrNkt/ dh
;[szsosk fyankb ftZu th j[zdh j? gozs{ m[woh F?bh d/ gqrNkt/ ftZu ekw[e fJZSktK
dk gqdoFB fiankdk j[zdk j? .fe;/ ;w/I ftZu m[woh B{[z (nKfre nfGB?n) nzrK d/
gqdoFB Bkb, BZu e/ rkfJnk iKdk ;h. fJ; soK dk gqdoFB t/fFnktK d[nkok
ehsk iKdk ;h gozs{ nZieb fJ; B[z{ fBqs dh ;zrsj s'I pr?o th rkfJnk iKdk
j?. fBaqs dh ;zrsh s'I fpBK th fJ; F?bh ftZu fFzrko d/ ;{yw gfjb{nK, Fohoe
e'wb nzdkia ns/ ndktK dk osh g{oB gqrNktk eoB dh Fesh j[zdh j?.fJ;
F?bh ftzu Xo[gd, fyankb, NZgk, b'erhsK dhnK ftF/FsktK fJZe' EK s/ fwb
iKdhnK jB fi; eoe/ fJ; F?bh ftZu fFzrko o; dh ;G s'I tZX nfGftnesh
;zGt j[zdh j?. fJ; soQK Xo[gd, fynkb ns/ m[woh ;?abh okjhI Grsh wJh ns/
;z;koh d'jK soK d/ f;zarko dk gqrNktk ehsk frnk j?. Xo[gd ftZu T[&Zu e'Nh
dk ;fjs ns/ skb nkfd d/ fB:w j'D eoe/ f;zarko nkgD/ d?th o{g ftZu gqrN
j[zdk j? idfe fynkb ftZu fiankdk T[gwk Gog{o ;apd Bk j'D eoe/ f;zarko dk
;XkoD ns/ e'wb o{g gqrN j[zdk j?. m[woh ftZu tZy-2 b'eGk;aktK d/ o;hb/ ns/
uzub noEK tkb/ ;apdK dk gq:'r j'D eoe/, m[woh s'II f;azrko o; dk fijVk
o{g T[gidk j?, T[j ekw[e j[zdk j? ns/ T[; ftZu f;zarko dk fBMZe toBD jz[dk
j?.
275
µk;soh ;zrhs ftZu Xo[gd s'II fynkb ns/ fynkb dh soKQ m[woh µ?bh dh
T[sgZsh j'Dk fJZe wB[Zy d/ pdbd/ ofjD tkb/ o[M/ftnK dk ;p{s j?. tZy-tZy
ntZ;EktK ftZu wB[Zyh wB tZy-tZy soQK d/ ;zrhs Bz{ ;[DBk g;zd eodk j?. wB[Zyh
gqftosh dh fJj Skg ;zrhs ftZu th fdykJh fdzdh j?. wZX ekb ftZu Xo[gd
rkfJB µ?bh dk ubB ;h, fi; ftZu ;[o, skb, ;kfjs dh ftbZyDsk j[zdh ;h.
T[; s'II pknd fynkb dk gquko tfXnk fi; ftZu ebgBk dk wjZst ;h ns/
Bkb jh Bkb byBT{ d/ dopkoK ftZu m[woh dk ubB j'fJnk, fi; ftZu Gkt
gqdoµB dk wjZst ;h. fszBk µ?bhnK dhnK pzfdµK ftZu pqi Gkµk i' fe fJZe
fwZmh p'bh j? dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?. y'i ekoi ftZu Xo[gd, fynkb, m[woh
dhnK eJh pzfdµK d/ T[dkjoB fdZs/ rJ/ jB fijBK ftZu pqi Gkµk dk gq:'r
ehsk frnk j? ns/ fJjBK ftZu okXk-feqFB B{z fµzrko d/ nkbzpB tZi'I gqrNkfJnk
frnk j? . fszBK µ?bhnK bJh T[jBK d/ ;[Gkn w[skpe jh okr, skb, ;[o-;ztkd,
;kfjs, dh ;jh u'D eoe/ fµzrko o; dk gqrNktk ehsk iKdk j?.
T[go'es fszBK F?bhnK ftZu fFzrko o; dk gqrNktk j[zdk j? feT[Afe fFzrko
o; dh S{jD s'I pr?o fe;/ th ekft, ;kfjs, ebk ftZu o; T[sgzB BjhI j'
;edk. Xo[gd dh Grsh ftZu fFzrko j? ns/ fyankb, m[woh dh BkfJek dk jo
t/b/ nkgD/ BkfJe bJh p/u?B ofjDk Grsh dh T[; nt;Ek dh soQK j? fi;
ftZu fJZe Grs nkgD/ gowkswk d/ doFBK bJh ns/ T[;dh gqkgsh bJh p/u?B
j[zdk j?. T[j gowkswk d/ fwbD s/ ;[Zy ns/ T[;d/ Bk fwbD dh nt;Ek ftzu
sVgdk j?.fJ; soK ;zrhs ftZu Xo[gd, fyankb, m[woh nkfd e'Jh th F?bh
fFzrko s'I ;ZyDh BjhI j?. fszB'I F?bhnK fFzrko o; B{z nkgD/ tZy-tZy nzdkia ftZu
gqrNKdhnK jB.fFzrko o; d/ nfsnzs e'wb gZyK B[z{ th fJjBK F?bhnK ftZu
gqrNkfJnk iKdk j? gozs{ fJ; bJh fJjBK F?bhnK dhnK nkgDhnK-nkgDhnK
;hwktK dk gkbB ehsk iKdk j?. nkgDhnK-nkgDhnK wfonkdktK ftZu ofj e/
fFzrko o; iK fe;/ j'o o; dk tZy-tZy gqrNktk eoBk fJjBK F?bhnK dh
276
ftF/Fsk j?. jo fJZe F?bh dh nbZr-nbZr gqfeosh ns/ ndkfJrh Gkosh ;zrhs
B[z{ ftbZyD pDKdh j?. fJ; ftbZyDsk ftZu jh Gkosh ;zrhs dh y{p;{osh j?.
Gkosh ;zrhs d/ GftZy B{[z ;[oZfyns oZyD bJh fJjBK F?bhnK dh
ftbZyDsk B[z{ pDkJ/ oZyDk }o{oh j? . fe;/ fJZe F?bh s'I nfGftnes j'D tkbk
fFzrko o; fe;/ d{ih F?bh dh fFzrko nfGftnesh s'I nbZr feT[I j? ns/ fJ;d/
fejV/-fejV/ nXko jB, fJjBK sZEK B[z{ ;wMD bJh fJjBK F?bhnK d/ gozgokrs
o{g B{z ;[oZfyns oZyD dh b'V j?. nfijk eoBk fJ; eoe/ th }o{oh j? sK fe
Xo[gd ftZu fyankb ns/ fyankb ftZu m[woh dh x[;g?m B{[z o'fenk ik ;e/.
nkX[fBe :[zr ftZu ;zrhs d/ y/so ftZu Bt/I-Bt/I eqKshekoh gq:'r j'
oj/jB. Bt/I-Bt/I fJb?eNqkfBe T[geoBK d/ Jhikd j'D Bkb g[okD/ ;kiK dh o{g
o/yk B[z{ ;wMD, T[jBK B{z nkgD/ nkg fwjBs Bkb ;[o eoB ns/ T[;dh nK; d/
Bkb nktk} fwbk e/ rkT[D dh otkfJs ni"eh ghVh d/ ebkekoK ftZu xZN ojh
j?. s/}h d/ nkX[fBe d"o ftZu ;zrhs ftfdnkoEh th pkeh ftfFnK d/
ftfdnkoEhnK dh soK ibdh-ibdh ;G e[ZM f;Zy e/ ihtB ftZu ;cbsk gkDk
ukjz[dk j?. ;zrhs dh skbhw ns/ T[; s'I o; dh T[sgZsh eoB bJh fizBh
fwjBs ns/ ;po dh b'V j[zdh j?, T[j nZi eZb dh ghVh ftZu xZN j?.
;zrhs y/so ftZu nkgD/ rkfJB okjhI wkj"b B{[z o;wJh pBkT[D tkb/
ebkekoK dh frDsh ;hfws j? idfe rkfJeK dh ;zfynk tZX ojh j?. Xo[gd,
fyankb, m[woh F?bhnK s'I fFzrko iK fe;/ th o; dh nfGftnesh eoB bJh
fJjBK F?bhnK d/ xokD/dko ebkekoK s'I ftXhts f;Zfynk b?Dh }o{oh j?. e'o/
;zrhse frnkB Bkb fJj ezw BjhI j' ;edk. fe;/ F?bh ftZu fFzrko o; d/
gqrNkt/ bJh okr, ;[o,b?n, skb, ;kfjs , ft;Eko sZs, ;"Idon nXkoK, ;[o
;ztkd, eke{ G/d nkfd e[M nfij/ sZs jB fijBK dk ;jh ohs ns/ fwnkd Bkb
gq:'r eoBk e'Jh uzrk r[o{ jh f;yk ;edk j? . fe;/ F?bh dk rkfJB rbs
ohs Bkb eoB ns/ T[; dh wfonkdk s'I pkjo ikD Bkb o; dh jkBh j[zdh j?.
Xo[gd, fyankb, m[woh F?bhnK dhnK ftF/FsktK dk ;tkd nbZr-nbZr b?Dk
ukjhdk j? ns/ ebkekoK B[z{ ukjhdk j? fe T[j e'Jh uwseko iK BtK gq:'r
fdykT[D bJh fJjBK F?bhnK dk J/eheoB eoe/ Bk fdykJ/ feT[Ife nfijk eoB
277
Bkb ;[BD tkfbnK d/ fdwkr ftZu Xo[gd, fyankb,m[woh d/ ;to{g B{z b? e/
T[bMD g?dk j[zdh j? ns/ o;-T[sgZsh dk fB:w Gzr j[zdk j?.
fJjBK F?bhnK d/ n;fsst dh oZfynk eoB bJh f;Zfyne ;z;EktK ftzu
fJjBK B[z{ gkmeqw ftZu Fkwb ehsk frnk j?. jo ;kb tZy tZy :{Bhtof;NhnK
tZb'I :[te w/fbnK iK tZy-tZy gqsh:'frsktK dk nk:'iB eotkfJnk iKdk j? go
fJjBK ftZu gozgokrs F:?bhnK B[z tX/o/ ;EkB BjhI fwbdk. nkX[fBe ;w/I ftZu
f}nkdkso ebkeko fyankb F?bh jh rKd/ jB. f;ZfynZe ;z;EktK ftZu fijV/
nfXnkge jB, T[j th f}nkdkso fyankb F?bh d/ jh ikDeko j[zd/ jB, fi;
eoe/ T[j nkgD/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z Xo[gd, m[woh nkfd F?bhnK s'I tho o; iK
fFzrkokfd o; dh T[sgZsh dk pkjoh o{g sK fdyk fdzd/ jB gozs{ ftfdnkoEhnK
d/ wB ftZu Xo[gd ns/ m[woh dh n;b y{p;{osh dk Gkt g?dk eoB ftZu
n;woZE ofjzd/ jB.
gfoDkw ;o{g efj ;ed/ jK fe ;zrhs ftfdnkoEhnK ns/ ;o'fsnK B{[z
Xo[gd, fyankb ns/ m[woh d/ fFzrko o; dh wX[osk B{[z nbZr-nbZr nB[Gt
eotkT[D bJh fJjBK F?bhnK d/ gquko-gq;ko dh b'V j?. fFzrko o; dk ;G s'I
tZX gqrNktk m[woh ftZu j[zdk j? idfe fJ; F?bh dk gquko nZieb pj[s xZN
frnk j?. f;oc m[woh F?bh B{z rkD tkb/ ebkeko pj[s xZN jB idfe nZieb
fyankb rkfJe jh m[woh B{z fyankb dh fgZSbZr{# rkfJeh dh soK rKd/ jB i'
fe f;oc wkj"b B{[z e[M gb bJh ozie pBkT[D bJh rkJh iKdh j?. fJjBK
fyankb rkfJeK d/ m[woh rkJb ftZu T[j ozr ns/ fFzrko o; dh nkeoFe S'j
th fdykJh BjhI fdzdh i' fe g[okD/ m[woh ebkekoK dh rkfJeh ftZu j[zdh ;h.
fFzrko o; ;zrhs dk gqkD o; j? ns/ fJ;dk ;G s'I tZX gqrNktk m[woh
okjhI j[zdk j?. i/eo m[woh dk gozgokrs o{g jh ;[oZfynZs BjhI oj/rk sK nkT[D
tkbhnK ghVhnK B{[z ;zrhs ftZu fFzrko o; dh ;{yw nfGftnesh ns/ T[;d/ r{V
sZsK B[z{ ;wMkT[D dk nXko jh ysw j' ikt/rk. fJ; bJh @m[woh# F?bh B{[z
pukT[Dk ns/ fJ;dk gquko }o{oh j?. y'i ekoi ftZu n;hI tZy-tZy F?bhnK ftzu
b?n d/ wjZst pko/ th e[ZM uouk ehsh j?. b?n-skb dk gq:'r tZy-tZy o;K dh
f;oiDk eoB ftZu ;jkJh j[zdk j?. nsh ftbzps, ftbzps, wZX, do[s, nsh do[s
278
jo b?n ns/ jo skb nbZr-nbZr o; dk ;zuko eodh j?. b?n skb dk ;jh
frnkB Xo[gd F?bh d/ rkfJB s'I gqkgs j[zdk j?. nZieb Xo[gd dk gquko xZN
j'D eoe/ ftfdnkoEh b?n-skb gZy'I th e[M ew}'o j[zd/ jB. Xo[gd dh nfs
ftbzps, fyankb dh ftbzps, wZX, do[Zs ns/ m[woh dh do[Zs ukb nbZr-nbZr
o; dh f;oiDk eod/ jB. fJ; eoe/ Xo[gd F?bh dk frnkB gqkgs eoBk th
}o{oh j?.fyankb F?bh ftZu ftftXsk f}nkdk j? ns/ @ebgBk# dk wjZst j?.
e'wb GktK B{z gqrNkT[D bJh ebgBkFhb fdwkr dk j'Dk th }o{oh j?. fJ;
soK fFzrko o; Gkosh ;zrhs dk w[Zy o; j? fi;dh j'Id jo rkfJB F?bh ftZu
fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftZu o; g?dk eodh j?.
Xo[gd fyankb ns/ m[woh tZy-tZy :[rK dh d/D jB ns/ nkgD/ ftek;
eqw d"okB T[jBK :[ZrK dh ;[jikswe u/sBk B{z fJjBK B/ nksw;ks ehsk . fJ;/
ekoB fJjBK d/ ;[jikswe w[Zb ns/ fwnko tZy-tZy pD/. fszB'I F?bhnK d/
fFzrkoe ;[ji B{z gfjbK ;wMD ns/ fco gqrNkT[D bJh fJ; ;z;feqfse u/sBk
dk j'Dk pj[s }o{oh j?. d{;o/ FpdK ftZu efj ;ed/ jK fe fizBK n;hI nkgDh
;zrhse ftok;s s'I NZ[NKr/, UBK jh fJjBK F?bhnK B{z ;wMD ns/ fJjBK dh
;kXBk eoB ftZu Bkew ojKr/. n;b ftZu Gkosh ebktK gozgok ftZu fJzBh
rfjokJh Bkb y[ZGhnK j'JhnK jB fe gozgok d/ u"yN/ B[z fXnkB ftZu oZy e/ jh
fJjBK B{z ikfDnk ik ;edk j?. ;wkie gfotosB B/ fJZe ;fGnkukoe
gfotosB B{z th iBw fdZsk. yk;eo m[woh torh F?bh dh wkofwesk, fyankb
dk ;[o ft;Eko ns/ Xo[gd dk b?n ft;Eko- fJjBK dh rfjokJh B{z nB[Gt
eoB bJh ;{yw fdqFNh dk nZi d/ s/}h d/ d"o ftZu xkD j' fojk j?. fFzrko
torh Bki[e GktBk ns/ fJ;dh ;{yw nfGftnesh B{z nZi whvhnk s'I gq;kos j'D
tkbk ;zrhs nFbhbsk d/ fi; w[ekw s/ b? nkfJnk j?, T[j fuzskiBe j?. fJ;
bJh toswkB d/ ;wofgs ebk ;kXeK, ftdtkBK, fuzseK, nfXnkgeK ns/ ;{MtkB
;o'fsnK dk fJj gow Xow j? fe T[j Gkosh ebktK ftZu o; dh nfGftnesh
ns/ ftF/F eoe/ @o; oki fFzrko# dh nfGftnesh B{z i' T[&Zsw ;EkB gqkgs ;h,
T[;B[z{ ekfJw oZyD tZb isBFhb ofjD sK i' Gkosh ebk FkB Bkb nZr/ tZX
;e/.
279
(T) Xo[gd (nfXnkswe f;azrko)
okr jwho-u"skb (ftbzps)
1
1
;EkJh - ;ko; pdBh, ;kozr B?Dh,uzge poBh, nfwqs puBh .
nzsok - euxNk d;aB dkfwBh, nXo fpdqw ;h; p/Bh, B?B whB eho Bk;, uzdqw[yh ;[ydkBh .
;zukoh - uks[oh eh ;hwk ikBh o{g eh i'r ;wkBh, ugbk eh uwe ikeh, ojs Bkjh_ fesj{z SkBh .
nkG'r - wd BkfJe gqG{ ;', eos gq/w wX[o pkBh, shB b'e ;aq/;am w/oh ;aqh wjkokBh ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X 0 2 0 3 4 Bh
X - - Bhw X
X
o/_
Bh
;I - Bh
Bh
X B[h g
;k s s o s s ; p s s d s Bh
g
w - g
g
X - g
g
X
X
w g w r wo/
;k s s oz s r B : s Bh s s s w
r - w X - g
r
w r wo/ ; o/ ;
uz s s g s e p s s s o s Bh
Bah
; ; -
r
o/ g -
r
w r wo/ ; o/ ;
n fwq s s s s p s s s o s Bh
nzsok
w
g g -
g
;I ;I -
Bh
;I ;I ;I o/I ;I ;I
e u s x Nk s d ;a B dk fw Bh
;
X
Bh
X
Bh
X ;I ;I o/_ ;_ - Bh
Bh
X B[h g
n X o fp dq w ;h s ; p/ s Bh
;
r_ wI o/_
Bh
;I o/I ;I
;I
X
Bh
X ;I
Bh
;I o/_ ;_
B?
s B wh s B eh s o Bk s ;
w
g - g
w
g
Bh
X o/_ ;_ Bh X
w
g wg
g
rw
uz s dq w[ yh s ;[ y s dk s s Bh s ;zukoh
r
w - wr g - g
Bh
X Bh X
w
g X g
uk s s[ s oh s eh ;h s wk ik s Bh
g -
Bh
X
Bh
X ;I ;I
Bh
X Bh X
w
g X g
o{ s g eh s i' ok s ; wk s Bh
g
r
w
r wo/ rw X g
g
r rw o/
Bah
; o/ ;
u g s s bk s s
fe u w s e ik s fe
Bah
; ; ; o/
r
g g
g
r rw o/
Bah
; o/ ;
o j s Bk s jh_ fe s s j{z Sk s Bh
nkG'r
w
g g -
Bh
;_ - ;I ;I - ;I ;I o/_ ;I
w d s Bk s : e s gq G{ s ;'
Bh
X
Bh
X
Bh
X ;I - o/_ ;I ;I Bh
Bh
X B[h g
e o s gq/ s w w X[ o pk s Bh
wI
rI w_ o/_
Bh
;I o/_ ;I
Bh
X
Bh
X ;I ;I o/_ ;I
sh s B b' s e
;aq/ s ;am w/ s oh
w
g - - g
;
X o/_ ;I Bh X g wg
w
rw
Åqh s s w jk s ok s s s ss Bh
1 gz Gksyzv/, eqfwe g[;se wkfbek (Gkr 3), gzBk 111-113
280
:wB efbnkD - u"skb (ftbzps)
2
1
;Kto' w/o/ jh dtko g/, fBs fBs oko wukt/ oh ..
w[obh nXo Xo/, tBwkb ghs p;B, shy/ B?B Bukt/ oh .. 1 ..
rfjqeki eoB eki, ikT[_ sjK s[os nkg, B?BB eh ;/Bd/n, ezm brkt/ oh .. 2 ..
fuzskwDh :k fpqi, fSB fSB e[;b ekBj, eko' fpyXo Bk ikB' v; ikt/ oh .. 3 ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bh X g r
o/
r g r - o/ r w ro/
;K s t s o' s w/ s s o/ s jh
ro/ ; - Bah Xa ga ; ; - o/ r r
s s d±k s o s g/ fB s s Bh s s
r - r r w
Bh
X Bh X g w g
r
w
ok s o w s s uk s s t/ s oh
nzsok
g g - ;I - ;I ;I Bh
X
Bh o/_ - ;I
w[ o s bh s n X o s X s o/
Bh
X
Bh X Bh ;I rIo/I ;I - BhX Bh X g
p B s wk s b s gh s s s p ; B
r - o/
g
r g
Bh
X
Bh
X ;I - X g g
sh s s y/ s s B? s s B s B
Bh
X Bh
Bh
X Bh X g Bh X g r r g
uk s s t/ s oh ;K s t s o' s
;zukoh
r r
r
o/
g
r g g X g g g - g
rq fj s ek s i e o B ek s i
g - X
;_
Bh ;I -
Bh
X Bh X
Bh
g X g
ik s T{_ s jK s s[ o s nk s g
r o/ r X g - r - o/ ; o/ ;
B? s B B eh s ;/ s B d/ s n
r - o/ r w g
Bh
X Bh X Bh X g
ez s s m s b rk s s t/ s oh
nkG'r
g - ;I - ;I ;I o/_ ;I - ;I - ;I
fuz s sk s w Dh nk s s pq s i
;II
Bh
;II
Bh
Bh
X ;_ - o/_ ;I ;I BhX Bh X g
fS B s fS s B e[ ; b s ek s Bj
r -
r
o/
g
r g g
Bh
X Bh X Bh X g
ek s s o' s fp y s s X s o
Bh X g X ;I ;I o/_ ;I - X ;I o/_
Bk s s ik s B' e p/ s v ; s ;I Bh
Bh
X Bh X g
ik s s t/ s oh
2 okik G?nk g[zStkb/ @;zrhsukfonk@, Xo[gd Xwko rkfJeh (Gkr .), gzBk 7-9
281
okr fGzB ;aVi
3
nzsok - nkX Ye/ nkX y[b/, ;od e[w[d wKM
wkB', e'T{ o; b'b[g ;akw wX[g
nkJ/ p;/ n"o cI;/ .. 1 ..
rhs
;EkJh - Bhe/ bkr/ oh s'o/ B?B ikr/ o?B
T[Bhe/ wzd wzd nb;/ fpb;/ nkbh-
ukoskb
wksok 12 ftGkr 6
skbh ftGkr 1,5,9,11 $ ykbh 3,7
;EkJh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
r w
Bh
X Bh
Bh s e/ s ;I - ;I Bh X w
;
r w
;
w r ; ;
bk s r/ s oh s s' o/ B? s s B
x 0 2 0 3 4
Bah ; X[ Bh ; w - w
Bh
X
Bh
X w w
ik s r/ s o? s s B T[ Bh_ s d/
x 0 2 0 3 4
r w
Bh
X Bh ;I ;I Bh ;I
Bh
X w r w
wz s d wz s d n b ;/ s ft b
x 0 2 0 3 4
r - ; - ;I Bh X w r w
Bh
X Bh
;/ s s s nk s bh s Bh s e/ s x 0 2 0 3 4
;I - ;I Bh X w
;
r w
;
w r ; ;
bk s r/ s oh s s' o/ B? s s B
x 0 2 0 3 4
nzsok
w r w w
Bh
X BhX ;I - ;I ;I ;I -
nk s X Y e/ ss nk s X y[ b/ s x 0 2 0 3 4
;I Bh ;I
Bh
X
Bh
X w
Bh
X Bh ;I
Bh
X - w
; o d e[ w[ d wK s M wk s B'
x 0 2 0 3 4
X Bh ;I - rI ;I r_ w_ - r_ - ;I
d' s T{ s o ; b' s s b[ s g
x 0 2 0 3 4
;I
Bh
X r w r ; r w X Bh ;I wI
;k s w w X[ g nk s J/ p ;/ s x 0 2 0 3 4
w r
;
r w r - ; - r w
Bh
X Bh
n" s o cI ;/ s s s Bh s e/ s x 0 2 0 3 4
;I - ;I -
bk s r/ s
3 gz UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh (Gkr 1), gzBk 70-72
282
okr ;{o wbjko - Mgskb (Xo[gd ;a?bh)
4
1
;EkJh - d/yh :[rb Sth ;ktB bki/ .
nzsok - T[s xB fJs xBf;ankw bkfvb',
T[s dkfwBh fJs fgqn ;zr oki/ ..
;zukoh - T[s po;s p{zdB eh bkohnK,
fJs rb/ w'shnB jko fpoki/ ..
nkG'r & T[s dkd[o fJe pis pK;[oh,
T[s rois fJs B[g{o pki/ ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x 2 0 3
;I Bah X w w g B[h X g g
d/ s fy s i[ r b S s th
w o/
w
o/ g g w o/
w
Bah ; -
;k s t s B bk s i/ s s nzsok
w g B[h g Bh ;I ;I ;I - ;I
T[ s X s B fJ s X s B
Bh ;_ o/_ - ;I Bh ;I B[h X g
;ak s w s bk s vh b' s s Bh ;I o/_ w_ o/_ ;I (;I) B[h X g
T[ s dk s s fw fB fJ s s
o/ g w o/ ; Bah ;
w
o/
g
w g
fgq n ;z s r ok s i s s ;zukoh
B[h g w - o/ w w g - g
T[ s p s o ; s p{z s d
w g B[h g Bh ;I Bh ;I - ;I
B s eh s s b oh :K s s Bh ;I o/_ - ;I ;I B[h X w g
fJ s r s b/ w' fs n s B
o/w gB[h g w o/ Bah ;
w
o/
g
w g
jks ss o s fp ok s i/ s s nkG'r
w o/ g - - B[h g Bh ;I ;I
T[ s dk s s d[ o fJ s s
Bh ;I o/_ w_ o/I gI wI o/_ ;I ;I
p i s s s pK s ;[ s oh
;I B[h X w w g B[h X g w
T[ s r s o i s fJ s s
o/ g w o/ ; Bah ;
w
o/
g
w g
B{ s g[ s o pk s i/ s s
4 vkH rhsk p?Boih, okrwbjko do;aB, gzBk 129-130
283
okr X{bhnk wbjko - u"skb (ftbzps)
5
1
;EkJh - nki Xosh b/ d[bjB w/x d[bjk ftnkjB nkJ/
nzsok - fJzdq d/ dwkw pki/ p{zdB e' ;/ok,
poB poB e/;rkJh nkJ/ ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
- g w o/
g
w w
s nk s i X o
g - w g g g,gw
w
B[h X B[h w g g
sh s s b/ s d{,bs j s s s s B
;I - Bh ;I
;
o/_ - ;I B[h X g w gg
w/ s s X d{ s br s s s ftnk jB
;I - - B[h X g - w o/ r[
;
o/ ww
nk s s s s s s J/ s s s, Xo
nzsok
w g ;I -
fJz dq e/ s ;I
Bh ;I ;I ;I Bh ;I ;I -
;I
Bh ;I o/_
;I
o/_
d wk w pk s i/ s p{z d B e'
- ;I
;_
Bh ;I Bh ;I o/I -
w
g
g
o/_ o/_ o/_
s s s s ;/ s r s p o B t
o/_ o/_ o/_ rI, o/;I o/_ Bh ;I ;I ;I - - B[h
o B e/ s s s s s ; rk Jh nk s s s X g - w
w
o/ r[
;
o/
g
w
s s s s s s :/ nk
5 vkH rhsk p?Boih, okrwbjko do;aB, gzBk 186-187
284
okr ywki
6
1
rhs
;EkJh - pK;[oh pikJh nki ozr ;'_ w[okoh
f;at ;wkXh G{b rJ/ w[BhiB wB jkoh
nzsok - t/d GBs pqjw G{b/, G{b/ pqjwukoh
ozGk ;p skb G{bh, G{bh fBqs:ekoh .. 1 ..
ukoskb
wksok 12 ftGkr 6
skb ftGkr 1,3,5,7,9,12
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bh ;I Bh ;IBh ;I o/ ;IBh ;I B[h X g X
pK s ;{ oh s s p ik s s Jh nk s i
r w g Xg
;I
B[h Xw g X r w r -
oz s r ;'_ s s w[s r s oh s s s ; Bah ; w r w g X r w g X
f;a t ; wk s Xh G{ s b r J/ s Bh ;I Bh ;I ;I o/_ ;IBh ;I B[h X g X
w[ Bh i B w B sk s s oh s s s
nzsok
w r w B[h X Bh ;I - ;I
o/_
Bh ;I ;I
t/ s d G B s pq s jw G{ s b/
Bh - Bh ;IBh ;I o/_ ;IBh ;I B[h X g X
G{ s b/ pq s s jw
uk s s oh s s s r w g X Bh ;I rI w_
o/_
rI ;I Bh_ ;I
oz s Gk s ; p sk s b G{ s bh
g ;I Bh ;I - o/_ Bh ;I B[h X g X
G{ s bh fBq s s: ek s oh s s s
6 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh (Gkr-1), gzBk 83-84
285
okr ekcah
7
1
rhs
;EJh - nkJ/ oh w'o/ Xkw f;ankw, e[zto ekB
fiBe/ uoBD B?BB gbeB ;'_ go;'_
nzsok - pz;hXo fwqdb nXo, pki/ o; okr wX[o
Bkus E? E? BNto, nkJ/ bkJ/ ro;'_, fjno/ ;o;'_
ukoskb
wksok 12
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
B[h
g
X g
w
r[
;
o/ - w
nk s J/ oh s w' o/
g - g X
w
r[
;
o/ w
o/
r w
B[h
g
w
r
;
o/
Xk s w ;ak s w e[z t o ek s B
; o/
w
r[
;
o/ w gw X g ;I B[h
g
X g
fi B e/ s u o s B B B? s B B
r w B[h g
w
r
;
o/ B[h g
w
r[
;
o/
o/
B[h ;
g b e B ;'_ s g o ;'I s s s ; o/
w
r[
g
w
X
g B[h
g
X g
w
r[
;
o/ w w
nk s s s s s s J/ oh s w' o/
nzsok
w - g - Bh Bh ;I ;I ;I
o/_
Bh ;I ;I
pz s ;h s X o fwq d{ b n X o
B[h
g w
g
w g
w
r[
;
o/ B[h
g
X gw B[hg Bh ;I
pz s ;h s X o fwq d{ b s n s X o
o/_ ;I
w_
o/_ g_
wI
r[_ o/_;I o/_ Bh ;I B[h
g
X g
pk s i s o ; s ok s r w X[ o
B[h
w
B[h
g Bh ;I o/I
wI
rI
;I
o/_ ;I ;I B[h
g
X g
Bk s u s E? s E? s B N t o
r w B[h g
w
o/
w
r[ o/; o/ B[h g
w
r[
;
o/
nk s J/ s bk s J/ s s r o ;'_ s o/
o/_ B[h
g
X g r w B[h g
w
r[
;
o/
o/
B[h ;
j' J/ o/ s s s ; o ;'_ s s s ; o/
w
r[
g
w
X
g B[h X g
w
r[
;
o/ w w
nk s s s s s s J/ oh s w' o/
7 nkukfonk pqj;gsh, ;zrhs fuzskwDh (Gkr-1), gzBk 53
286
(n) Xo[gd (;z;koe f;azrko)
8
1
be;awh s'Vh - (Mgskb)
(Btkpnbh yK d[nkok g/;a ehsk frnk Xo[gd)
pzfd;a
;EkJh - o{gtzsh, bkitzsh wkB wsh w[y s/o' Bhe' .
nzsok - i'sqhnk nkt/, Bheh Bk bkr/
i?;/ fdt; dhnok eh pksh ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
;k - o/ r - w - w - w
o{ s g tz s sh s bk s i
w - g - - g - X[ - -
wz s sh s s wk s B s s X[ - g Bh w
w
r[ - o/
;
o/
Bah - w s sh s s w[ s y s s ; - o/ - g
w
r[ - o/
;
; B[ha
s/ s o' s s Bh s e' s s
nzsok
w - g g - Bh ;_ ;_ - -
i' s sqh nk s nk s t/ s s Bh ;_ ;_ - o/_ ;_ B[h X g - Bh s eh s B bk s r/ s s g o/_ ;_ - o/_ B[h ;_ Bh g g
i? s ;/ s fd t ; fd s n
w
r[ - w g -
w
r[ -
;
o/ ;
B[h
ok s eh s s pk s sh s s
fJj Xo[gd ouBk eqfwe g[;se wkfbek Gkr 6 d/ gzBk Bz 406-407 T[&Zs/ th fwbdh j? gozs{ T[go'es fdZsh rJh pzfd;a
ns/ eqfwe g[;se wkfbek dh fJ; pzfd;a d/ ;[oK d/ gq:'r ftZu ekcah nzso j? .
8 Btkp nbh ykB, w[nkfoc[BBrawks (Gkr-2), gzBk 268-269
287
okr d/;a
9
1
ukoskb
rhs
;EkJh - :/oh ;yh ;ktB nk:' nki
fpojk nrw w'g/, ebBk gos
gqkB fgnko/ fpB
nzsok - uj{z n"os/_ pkdo, T[wzv x[wzv nkJ/,
SshnK T[wrh ekB eko/ fpB
ukoskb
wksok 12
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
r
w
w
o/[ - w g
:/ oh s ; yh
x 0 2 0 3 4
Bh ;_Bh ;_ o/_ Bh Xg
X
w
X
g
g
X w
w
r o/
;k ss s t s Bs nk s :' nk s i
x 0 2 0 3 4
w
o/
r
o/ g w
w
r o/ w r o/
o/_
B[h ; ;
fp o s r s s n r w w' s g/
x 0 2 0 3 4
;
B[h
;
B[h ;
w
o/ w
w
o/ w g - Bh ;_ o/_;_
e b s Bk s g o s s gqk s Bs x 0 2
0 3 4
o/_ - B[h -
g
X g X
r
w
w
o/ - w g
fgnk s o/ s fp B s :/ oh s ; yh
x 0 2 0 3 4
nzsok
g
w
g
w g Bh ;_ Bh ;_ - -
o/_
Bh ;_ ;_
u j[z s n" s o s/_ s s pk d o
x 0 2 0 3 4
o/_
Bh ;_
w
o/_ w_ r o/_
o/_
Bh
o/_
;_ o/_ -
g
X g
T[ wz v x[ wz v nk s s :/ s s x 0 2 0 3 4 wr o/ - wI rI o/
o/_
Bh ;I
;_
g
Bh ;_ o/_;_
Ss sh s nK s T[ w rh s ek s Bs x 0 2 0 3 4
o/_ - Bh -
g
X g X
r
w
w
o/ -
w g
ek s o/ s fp B s :/ oh s ; yh
x 0 2 0 3 4
9 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh (Gkr-1), gzBk 95-96
288
okr okwebh (ouBkeko-tkDh ftbk;)
10
1
rhs
s[w T[mh nkJh_ G'ojh_ ghnk e/ ;whg/, ikr/
nB[okr/ o;gkr/ nyhInK y'bs B y[bkJh . 1 .
ns vo ip nkt/ pks/_ eos s[soks gr vrwrks
gr v'bs B v[bkJh . 2 .
;e[u ;/ fcos ejK Bjh_ wkBs, ;koh o?B
ikrs nkJ/ p"okB/ p"okJh . 3 .
tkDh ftbk; e/ gqG{ ghsw ejK oj/,
g{Ss pshnK p'bs B p[bkJh .4.
u"skb
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
w r o/[ r r r X[Bh X[ X[ ;_ ;_ ;_
nk s s s Jh s G's s o jh s s ; Bh X[ g g g g g w w w w
gh nk s e/ ; wh s g/ ik r/ n B[
r r o/[ r r r o/[r o/[r o/[; ; ; ;
ok s s r/ o ; ss ss ss gk s r/
; ; w w rwrw g wgwg X[ gX[gX[ ;_ BhX[ g
n yh_ nK s ssss s ssss s ssss s ss s X[ g g w g wr o/[r r X[ g w g
y' b s B y[ bks ss Jh s[ w T[ mh
2 g g X[ X[ Bh ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_
n s v o i p s s nk s t/ s X[ X[ Bh ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ o/_[;_ o/_[;_ BhX[ g
pk s s s e o s s s[s s[s oks s
X[ g w g w r o/[ r ;_ BhX[ g g
g r v r w rk s s g rs s s X[ g g w g wr o/[r r X[ g w g
v' b s B v[ bks ss Jh s[ w T[ mh
3 ns/ 4 X[X[ X[X[ gg gg wwr ww gg gg X;_ Bh X[X[ g
;e[ u;/ fcs os ejks Bjh_ wks Bs ;koh s o?s B
X[X[ g g g ww w rr o/[r X[Bh ;_ ;_;_ ;_
ikr s nk J/ p"ok B/ p"ok sJh; tkDh s ftbk ;
;_ ;_;_ X[ Bh;_ ;_o/_[ ;_BhX[ g g rwr ww gg g
e/ gqG{ gh sw ejk sss o j/ g{ss Ss psh nK
wgwg X[ gX[gX[ ;_ Bh X[g wg w r o/[r X[g wg
ssss s ssss s p' bs Bp[ bk s sJh s[w T[mh
10 joh BkokfJD w[y'gkfXnkJ/, Xo[gd ;tofbgh (Gkr-1), gzBk 10-11
289
nbj?nk
11
1
rhs
gqks T[mh nkJh oh bbBh bkb ;zr, ikrh
nB[okrh gq/w gkrh bki'jh nyhnK .. 1 ..
fpE[oh nbe Mbe gbe vrwrh fvrB
;'_, bbke/ spj{z w?_ byhnK .. 2 ..
nb;kBh BhId eh nxkBh ghnk eh gqhs w?_
gfjukBh sp w[;ekBh ;yhnK .. 3 ..
BJh pkbk ;yh gqp; i';a eos
nkts d/y ubh iksh eByhnK .. 4 .. u"skb
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
XX gw o/r gg XX Bh; gqks ss ss s/s T[mh s ; ;_ Bh;_ X X g g X X gw g w ro/
nk ss Jh s oh s b b Bhs s bk bs r wg g r wr o/ ; o/ ; ; ; ;
;z ss r ik ss fr n B[ s ok rh s ; ; rw g g g g g XX Bh ;_ Bh;_
gq/ s ws s gk s rh s bks i' jh ss XX g X X gw g
ss s n yh_ nKs s
nzsok
g g X X Bh Bh ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ o/_X Bh;_
fp E[ oh s n b e s M g es ss ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ o/_ r_ w_ r_o/_ r_ o/_ ;_
g b e s v r s s ws fr s s ;_ ;_ ;_Bh Xg XX w o/r g XX Bh ;_ ;_;_
fv r Bs ;'s bbk s ss e/ sp s j{z w?_s XX g X X gw g
ss s b yh nKs s
;zukoh
; ; r w g g X X g g w g
n b ;k s Bh s Bh_ s d eh s s w w r r X X g wg w r o/r wg
n xk fp s gh nk eh ss gqh s w?_s ss r w r o/ ; ; ;o/w rg XX Bh ;_ ;_
g fj uk s Bh s sps ss w[; ek Bh s XX g X X gw g
ss s ; yh nKs s
nkG'r
g g X X Bh ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ o/_ r_ w_
B Jh p bk s s ; yh gq p s ;
r_ o/_ ;_ ;_ X X X X g g g g
i' Å s s e o s s nk s t s
X X w w o/r
wh v
g g g XX Bh ;_ ;_
d/ s s s ss y s s ubh s ik s
XX g X X g wg
es s B yh nK ss
11 joh BkokfJD w[y'gkfXnkJ/, Xo[gd ;tofbgh (Gkr-1), gzBk 15-16
290
r"V wbjko
12
1
s[w B:B w/_ wkB' ekw eh xNk ;h T[wV x[wV nkJh .. 1 ..
gbe d[B ;'Jh tois uzub uwes ugbk ;h e[zds n?;' nkJh .. 2 ..
n"o poB X[otk;h skJh pegkzsh skoB eh i:'s fMzrB ;h v'o
wkB' fJzdqtX{ ;'jkJh .. 3 ..
gkBh gVs p[zdB ;' wjwd ;kj ghnk eh fJZSk po; n?;' nkJh .. 4 .. u"skb
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0 2 0 3 4
X[ X g g w wo/
s[ w B : B ss wo/w o/wg g gw XBhX Bh ;_ ;_ X X Bh ;_
w/ss sss s wks sss s s B' ek w s eh
XX XX Bh g w g w o/ ww o/ ww o/
xNk ss s ;h s s s s T[w V x[w V
; ;Bh ;;
rwe
;; o/;
rwe
o/o/ wo/
rwe
ww o/o/ o/o/ ; ;
nk ss ss ss ss
ss ss ss ss ss s s o/ o/ Bh ;_Bh ;
; ;
s s s ss s Jh
nzsok
BhX BhX Bh ;_ ;_ ;_ ;_Bh ;_ o/_ o/_;_ o/_ ;_
gs bs e d[ s B ;'s Jh r os i s
w_w_ w_w_ o/_ o/_ ;_Bh o/_ ;_ ;_Bh XBh ;_ o/_ ;_
uzs ss u b us w e ss ug bk ;h s XX gwg ww o/ ; BhXBh ;_Bh ;_;_ o/_
rwe
;_o/_o/_ w_w_o/_
rwe
w_w_o/_;_
e[zs dss J/n ;' nk sss ss ss s sss sss ssss o/_o/_ Bh;_ XBh ;_o/_ Bh;_ Bh;_
ss ss ss ss ss sJh
;zukoh ns/ nkG'r
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
wwBh
(rwe)
XBh ;_;_ ;_;_ gBh Xg Xw gg wg XX Bh;_ XX
n"so sp oB X[o pks sf; sks Jhs pe
gKs ss shs gg wg wo/ wo/ ww o/o/ ; ;; X XBh XBh Xg
sks oB fes i's fMzs rB f; v'o wk B's Jh_s dqs X X Bh;_ Bh;_ ;_ ;_ wBhXBh;I;I ;_;_ ;_;_ Bh;_
(rwe)
o/_ o/_o/_o/_
p X{ ;'jk sJh s s gkBh sgVs p{zd B;'_ wjZw d ;ksj w_w_o/_
(rwe)
;_;_ ;_;_;_
rwe)
BhBhBh XBh
(rwe)
;_o/_ Bh;_
(rwe)
Xg wg
(rwe)
wo/ o/XX
(rwe)
Bh;_
ghnkfe fJZSk po; n?;'s nks ss ss ss ss ss sss ss ;_o/_
(rwe)
;_o/_ w_w_
(rwe)
o/_;_ g_w_
(rwe)
o/_;_ XBh ;_o/_;I XX gg w wo/
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss sJhs, s[w B: B ss
12 joh BkokfJD w[y'gkfXnkJ/, Xo[gd ;tofbgh (Gkr-1), gzBk 164-165
291
(J) fyankb nfXnkswe f;azrko
okr jwho - fsqskb (wZXb?n)
13
1
;EkJh - e?;/ xo ikT[_ bzrotk,
;[B gkt/ w'oh ;k; BBdhnk,
nzsok - j{z i' ubh gBxNtk mkv'
e"D pjkB/ fgnko/ pkbwk ShB bJh w'oh ;h; rrohnk
poi'oh ehBh jk o/, ;[zdotk ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
Bh
X - - - Bh X ;I ;I
;I
X B[h g X w g r
g
w
e? s s s ;/ s x o ik s T{_ bz r o tk s
Bh
X - - - Bh X
X
o/_ ;I
;I
X B[h g X w X g -
e? s s s ;/ s x o ik s T{_ bz r o tk s g
r r
g
r wo/
w
r w X g
g
r - w o/ ; o/ ; -
;[ B gk ss t/ s w' oh ;k s ; B Bz dh nk s Bh
X - - X Bh X ;I o/_ ;I Bh X g
g
w g
g
r w
SK s s v d/ s w' j/ Yh s N bz r o tk s
nzsok
w
g - g g
g
;I - ;I ;I ;I ;I ;I -
Bh
;I o/_ ;I -
j{z s i' u bh s g B x N tk s mk s v' s ;I
X -
Bh
X
Bh
X
X
;I - ;I -
Bh
;I o/_ ;I -
;I
X X g -
e" s B p jk s B/ s fgnk s o/ s p b wk s Bh
;I -
wI
rI
wI
rI wI o/_ ;I ;I
;I
X
Bh
X ;I ;I ;I o/_ ;I -
Sh s B b Jh s w' oh ;h s ; r r oh nk s X
;I ;I
;I
X
Bh
X XBh ;Io/_ ;I Bh
;I
X B[h g X w g
g
r w
p o i' s ohs ss eh Bh jk s o/ ;[z d o tk s
13 gz Gksyzv/, eqfwe g[;se wkfbek (Gkr 3), gzBk 75-76
292
okr d/;a
14
1
Mgskb
rhs
;EkJh - d/y' oh Bk wkB/ ;akw
sro ubs w'oh, pJhnK wo'oh .
nzsok - nzrhnk w;e rJh
u{ohnK eoe rJh .
n?;/ nBkoh ;'_
w/o' go:' ekw .. 1 ..
Mgskb
wksok 10 ftGkr 4
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x 2 0 3
Bah ;
w
o/ w g
g
X w ro/ r o/
d/ y' oh s B wk B/ ;aks s w
x 2 0 3
o/
Bah ;
wk
o/ w o/ w g Bh ;I ;I
v r o s u b s w' s oh
x 2 0 3
g o/_;I o/_ Bh[ Xg
X
g X w
o
/r o/
pJh_ ss nK s ws o' s oh s s x 2 3
Bah ;
w
o/ w g
g
X w ro/ r o/
d/ y' oh s B wk B/ ;aks s w
x 2 0 3
nzsok
X
w g Bh - Bh ;I ;I o/_Bh ;I ;I
nz rh nk s w ; e rs s Jh
x 2 0 3
Bh ;I r_o/_ w_ rI o/_ rIo/_
o/_
Bh ;I ;I
u[ oh nKs s e o
es r s Jh_
x 2 0 3
Bh - ;IBh ;I o/_;I o/_ Bh[ X g g
n? s ;/s s ns Bk s oh s ;'_
g o/ w - g Xg X w
o/
r o/
w/ s o' s g o:'_s s ek s w
x 2 0 3
14 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh (Gkr-1), gzBk 83-84
293
okr ;kozr (fsqskb)
15
1
rhs
;EkJh - w[obh pikt/ ekBQ ,
fwqd{ w[;ekt/ B?B Bukt/ ,
g[fB g[fB rkt/ wBjh foMkt/ -
nzsok - gBxN nkt/ xNjh d[jokt/,
o; eh pshnK fBr{V ;{Bkt/,
gqDt ozr ;[y gkt/
skbh ftGkr
wksok 16 ftGkr 4
1,5,13 ykbh 9
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
o/ o/ Bh[ ;
w[ o bh p
;I - Bh[ - w g Bh[ gw o/ - Bh[ ; o/ o/ ; o/
ik s s s t/ s s ss ek s s BQ fwq d{ w[ ;
B[h ; ; - w o/ w g Bh[ Bh[ gw g w g Bh ;I
ek s t/ s B? s B B uk s t/s s g[ Bh g[ Bh
o/_ w_ o/_ ;I Bh ;I o/_ ;I Bh ; Bh[ g w o/ Bh[ ;
rk s t/ s w B jh oh Mk s t/ s w[ o bh p
nzsok
w w w w g - Bh - ;I ;I ;I ;_ o/_ Bh ;I -
g B x N nk s t/ s x N jh d[ ok s t/ s Bh ;I o/_ w_ o/_ o/_ ;I - Bh ;I o/_ ;I bh ;I Bh[ g
o ; eh s p sh nK s fB r{ v ;{ bk s t/ s g o/_ ;I o/_ Bh ;I Bh[ g o/ w Bh[ g
gq D t oz s r ;[ y gk s t/ s
15 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh (Gkr-1), gzBk 42-43
294
okr r{ioh s'Vh
16
1
;EkJh - nki w'o/ wB bkr' bzrotk,
r[B ozr o; nfXe i:'s,
wstko' ;kiB ;[xo iBtk .. Xo[H..
nzsok - ;[rw ;[rzXB uzdB nzfrs,
p'b ;pd Bhe/ o; wBjo,
rks o{g rs *nwo* ;'js wBtk .. 1 .. (T[H nwkb nbh yK)
fszBskb$do[Zs b?n
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
- o/ - r[ r[ o/ ; ;
s nk s i w' o/ w B
;X[X[ -X[ - w r[ w r[ o/[ ; - , X[
A
r[ o/[ r[ ; ;
bkss ss s r' s bz r o tk s , r[ B oz r o ;
X[
A
X[
A
X[
A
; - ; o/[ r[ o/[ - - X[ - r[ w X[
n fX e i:' s s w s tk s s o' s ;k i B
o/_[Bh Bh[X[ X[w wr[ r[o[/ o/[; ; o/[
;
Bah,
;[zs ds os ;{s xs os i B tk,
nzsok
X[ w X[ r[ w - X[Bh- X[w
;[ r w ;[ rz s Xss Bs X[Bh ;I ;I ;I ;I Bh o/[_
;I , Bh
X[ -
Bh
X[
Bh
X[ Bh Bh ;I -
uzs s d B nz s fr s , p' s b ; p d Bh s
;I o/[_r[_ o/[_ ;I Bh ;I X[ X[ , r[_ - r[_ r[ - r[ w X[
e/ ss o ; w B j o , rk s s o{ s g r s
o/[_Bh BhX[ X[w wr[ r[o[/ o/[; ; o/[ Bah ,
ns ws os ;'s js ss w B tk ,
16 ;zrhs (iB 2006), fGzvh pkiako xokDk nze, gzBk 106
295
okr i'r
17
18
1
;EkJh - n?;' pBtkoh wkJh j'
;iBk ;yhnB ;zrQ
fwb v'o/ oh .. Xo[Ç..
nzsok - ohM foMkt/ pz;h ;' j[b;kts
nwo ns wB p'o/ oh .. 1 ..
(TH nwkB nbh yK)
o{ge$wZX b?n
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2
B[hga
A
;Bh[
A
-rw
J/s ;'s spB
w -
g
r wg w
wBh[
g rw
tk s s ss s oh ss r[ - ; o/Bh[; ,
A
Bh[ga
B[h
;I Bh[g
wk s Jh j'ss , ;i Bk ;fy
g
;I - Bh[g Bh[ w Bh[g rw
: s ss B s ;zr fwb
;
r[ - ; o/Bh[; , A
v' s o/ ohss ,
nzsok
w Bh[g
oh Moh
;I - - ;I , ;I r_ -w_
Mk s s t/ , pz ;h s r[_ - ;I Bh[g w rw g;I
;' s s j[b ;k ts nw
;I - Bh[g Bh[ w Bh[g rw
o s ss s s ns wB
r[ - ; o/Bh[; ,
A
p' s o/ ohss ,
17 ;zrhs (iB 2006), fGzvh pkiako xokDk nze, gzBk 110
296
(;) fyankb (;z;koe f;azrko)
rhs
19
1
;EkJh - gkgh gghjk ;'tB Bkjh_ d/s,
bkr/_ gbe B/e spjh_ irkt/ u/s
nzsok - n?;h T{m/ j{e w'o/ ihnk w/,
u?B go/ Bkjh_, ip gh eh e{e d/s .
Mgskb wksok 10
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 2 0 3
; Bh w r w g - Xg Xg X
gk s gh s g gh s rs ss s ;_Bh o/_Bh;_- X Bh w Xg X w r r
;' ss t s B Bks jh_ d/ s s
Bh - ;_Bh ;_ o/_ Bh ;_ BhX Bh X g
bk s r/_s s g b e B/s ss e
;IBh o/_Bh;_- X Bh w Xg X w r r
ss pss- jh s i rks t/ u/ s s
nzsok
w r w BhX ;_ Bh -
o/_
Bh ;_ ;_
n? s ;h ss T[ m/ s j{ s e
Bh - ;_Bh ;_ o/_ ;_Bh o/_Bh;_- X Bh g
w' s o/s s ih nks sss- w/_ s s
r w g X ;_ X gX Bh r_w_
o/_
r_ o/_
u? s B s g o/s ss Bks s
jh
;_Bh o/_Bh;_- X Bh w Xg X w r r
is pss- gh s eh e{s e d/ s s
19 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh Gkr-1, gzBk 82-83
297
2 okr Mhbc (nk;ktoh EkN)
20
r[ ns/ Bh e'wb ns/ d'B'_ X?ts bZrd/ jB
nko'j ; o/ r[, w g X[, Bh g ;I, X Bh g, g X Bh
nto'j ;I
;I
Bh
1
X[ g, X[ w g, r[ w ;
;EkJh - xB o{gB i'pB fJsB' wB pY/ Gkt
eo jh BoB,
wrB-wrB r[B, wX[o p'b/ p'b/ ..Xo[aaH..
nzsok - nbe f;zarko eo wzuB uzdB p;B s/_
fdqrGo/ eioB, n"o wKr Go/ w[es-w[es
sp *nwo* d/y v'b/ ..1..
(ouBkeko - T[ nwkBnbh yK)
;EkJh fJZeskb$do[Zs b?n
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
; o/ r[ - w g
x B o{ s g B
Bh
X[ - - - Bh g, g g X[X[ gw g g
i' s s p s B, fJ s B's ss w B
g ;_ - ;_ - ;_, o/_;_ ;_ B[hX[ Bh X[g gw w
p Y/ s Gk s t, es os jhs Bs os B
g X Bh[ ;_ X[ X, g g X[ w g r[
w r B w r B, r[ B w X[ o p'
- r[ r[ - w ;
s b p' s b/ s
nzsok
g X[ w w g X[ ;_ ;_ g - g g
n b e f;z rk o e o wz s u B
g X[ w w g X[ ;_ - o/_ Bh[ X[ w
uz d B p ; B s/_ s fdq r G o/
g g ;_ ;_ - ;_, o/_ ;_ Bh[ X[ g w
e i s o s B, n" o wK r G o/
g X Bh[ ;_ X[ X[ g g X[ w g r[
w[ e s w[ e s s p n w o d/
- r[ r[ - w ;
s y v' s b/ s
20 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh Gkr-1, gzBk 77-78
298
okr Bkr;toktbh (eoBkfNe ;zrhs dk fJZe okr )
21
nto'j : ;_ X g w r ; .
;EkJh - nki ;yh w'oh nkJh, pB-mB xB w[y ;[jkJh,
ugb Mbe ;is nzr, nsh B?BB wdB GkJ/ ..Xo[H..
nzsok - ike/ w[yuzdq ;'j/, s?;' r[B-o{g w'j/,
fJmbkts Btb Bko, d/y *nwo* wB p"okJ/ ..1..
;EkJh fJZeskb$do[Zs b?n
3 (ouBkeko - UH nwkB nbh yK)
tofis ;[o - o/ ns/ Bh
;ztkd - w-;
;wK - oks
nko'j : ; r w g X ;_ .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
r - w r ; - r - w g - g
nk s i ; yh s w' s oh nk s Jh
r
w
g
X
r
w
X
g
w
r
-
;
p B m B x B w[ y ;[ jk s Jh
r w r, ; r ; r
g
w
X
g X;_ - ;_
u g b M b e ; i s nzs s r
g X X;_ - X g X g w r - ;
n sh B?s s B B w d B Gk s J/
nzsok
r
g
w g X r w g;_ ;_ ;_ ;_ - ;_
ik s e/ s w[ y uzs s dq ;' s j/
g - X;_ X;_ ;_ ;_ r_ - w_ r_ - ;_
s? s ;'s ss r[ B o{ s g w' s j/
g X ;_ g X w X g w r - ;
fJ m bk s t s B t b Bk s o
; - ;_ ;_ ;_ g gX gX w[ r - ;
d/ s y n
w o ws sB p" ok s J/
21 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh Gkr-1, gzBk 80-81
299
okr e/dko (ouBkeko-f;ankw dk; fwÅaq)
22
1
e?;/ nkT{_ nzrBk, pkbwtk fgqnsw .
pkdb rois, uwes fpi[ohnk vo bkr/ ..
;EkJh Mgskb$wZXb?n
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x 2 0 3
X - g - w g X g
e? s ;/ s nk T{_ nz r
w - o/ - ; o/ ; - XBh ;_o/_
Bk s pk s b w tk s fgqn ss ;_Bh Xg ss
ws
nzsok
g - ;_ ;_ ;_ o/_ ;_ ;_ X Bh
pk s d b r o i s u w
;I w_ o/_ ;_ X g w g X;_ X;_
e s fp i[ oh nk v o bks ss g - r/ s
22 ;zH beFwh BkokfJD ror, ;zrhs 1977, gzBk 12-13
300
okr fGB ;aVi
23
1
fsqskb
rhs
;EkJh- brBh ek gzE fBokbk,
fiBe/ B?B br/ gqhsw ;'I
;dk oj/ wstkbkHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHbrBh,
nzsok- ;B/j ;[Xko; Se/ Sekt/,
eo/ w'j wd Skok,
S/d/I G/d @gqDt# ;p czdk,'
eo/ irs T[finkokHHHHHHHHHHHHHbrBh
;EkJh
fsqskb
wksok ftGkr 16 skbh ftGkr 1, 5, 13 ykbh 9
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
r w r - ; - B[h ; X[ B[h
2 b r Bh s ek s gz s E Bh
; B[h; w - r ; r w r - ; - B[h ; X[ B[h
ok ss bk s s s b r Bh s ek s gz s y Bh
;
A
B[h; A w - - - - - ok w X Bh ;I - ;I Bh
ok ss bk s s s s s fi B e/ s B? s B b
X Bh ; wI rI rA ;I -
Bh
X ;I - Bh X w X Bh
r/ s gqh s s w ;'I s ; dk s o j/ s w s
X - w - ok ;
tk s bk s s s 0
x 2
nzsok
r= - w w X w
Bh
X Bh
;B/ s j ;[ Xk s o ;
;I ;I -
Bh
X Bh g ;I - X ;I - Bh X w X Bh
S e/ s S ek s t/ s e o/ s w' s j w d
X - - - w - rw- - X Bh ;I rI wI - wI wI
Sk s s s ok s sss s S/ s d/ s G/ s d gq
rI ;I rI wI ok - ;I - X ;I - Bh X w X Bh
D t ; p cz s dk s e o/ s i r s T[ fi
X - w - r ; r w r - ; - B[h ; X[ B[h
nk s yk s s s b r Bh s ek s gz s E fB
ok Bah; w s s s
ok s s bk s s s
23 gzH UIeko BkE mke[o, ;zrhsKibh, Gkr-1, gzBk 64-65
301
(j) m[woh (Xkofwe f;azrko)
okr G?oth
24
1
- fszBskb
;EkJh - vro w'oh SKV' SKV' S?btk
w'oh wkB' ih wkB' ih BNtko/ .
nzsok - rfbB rfbB e' iKus v'bs
pkBh ejs jkoh bbB ghnk
BNyNtk pJh_nK B rj' B rj'
w'oh B rj' n?;/ S?btk ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
-o/[ B[h ; r[ w
sv r o w' oh
g (X[) g g r[ - r[wg w o/[ o/[ ; - g ;I B[h ;I
SK s s V' SK s ssV' S? s b tk s w' oh wk B'
B[h X[ g X[ g X[ g w r[ o/[ ;, -o/[
ih wk B' ih wk B' ih B N tk o/, sv
nzsok
r[ r[ w w
r fb B r
X[ X[ B[h X[ ;I - ;I ;I o/[_ Bh[ ;I ;I ;I o/[_ ;I Bh[
fb B e' s iK s u s v' s b s pk s Bh e
;I B[h X[ B[h X[ g X[ g w r[ - g w o/[ o/[ ;
j s jk s oh b b B gh nk s B N y N tk
; - ; ; g g g ;I B[h ;I ;I B[h ;I B[h X[ Bh[
pJh_ s nk Bk r j' Bk s r j' s w' s oh Bk s X[ g w g r[ r[wg (g) w o/[ o/[ ;, -o/[
r j' s s J/ sss ;/ S? s b tk, sv
24 bhbk ekotkb, m[woh gohu?n, gzBk 60-61
302
okr fsbe ekw'd - fszBskb
25
1
;EkJh - wXtk wzrkT_{ ghnk nXko ;iB
;/ihnk eo{z f;azrko c[bprhnk ;'_
wbhnk ;'_ c[btk wzrkT{_
r/_dk r[bkp p/bk uw/bh
r[bsZ[ok e/seh fBtkoh
i{jh w'shnk e' jotk rotk vko' w[e[]N w[y
fBrko' eke' fgnko' brs o{g :kjh pdB
mko' wro' .
nzsok - s[w s' fBs jh nkBk ikBk
wkos ojs j' fB;akBk ekBjk
nki w[e[o e/ eo bki tke' eo/
n" f;oski *bbB ghnk* ngBh ;'_
o{g ;zGko' wjko' ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
ga ga Bah Bah ; ; r o/ r ; - ; o/ r o/ g
w X tk wz rk T{_ gh nk n Xk s o ; i B ;/
x 2 0 3
w r ; o/ r (;) - ; Bah Bah ; ; ; - ; -
ih nk e o{z f;z rk s o c{ b p rh nk s ;'_ s x 2 0 3
o/ o/ w - g - - - Bh Bh ;_ Bh ;_ - ;_ -
w bh nk s ;'_ s s s c[ b tk wz rk s T{_ s x 2 0 3
o/_ r_ ;_ Bh ;_ - ;_ - Bh ;_ g X w r o/ -
oh_ s dk r[ bk s p s p/ s bk u w/ s bh s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
Bh Bh ;_ - ; -
w
o/ - w w - w g - g -
r[ b s[o s ok s e/ s s eh s fB tk s oh s x 2 0 3
g X w r o/ r Bah ; w - Bah Bah ; - ; ;
i{ s jh w' s sh nk s e' s j o tk s r o
x 2 0 3
; - o/ - g - w r o/ r o/ r Bah - ; -
tk s vk s o' s w[ e[ o w[ y fB jk s o' s x 2 0 3
o/ - w - g - ;I - g X g w - r o/ -
ek s e' s fgnk s o' s b r s o{ s s g s x 2 0 3
Bah - Bah - ; ; ; - o/ r - ; ; - ; -
x 2 0 3
nk s jh s p d B s mk s s o' wjk s o' s x 2 0 3
25 bhbk ekotkb, m[woh gohu?n, gzBk 114-116
303
nzsok
x 2 0 3
w
o/
w
o/ w - w w w - g - g - g - g -
s[ w s' s fB s jh s nk s Bk s ik s Bk s x 2 0 3
w - w w g g g Bh Bh ;_ - ;_ ;_ - ;I -
wk s o s o j s j' fB ;ak s Bk ek s Bjk s x 2 0 3
g - g g X g w - w w ; - ; ; - ;
nk s i w[ e[ o e/ s e o bk s i tk s e'
x 2 0 3
w o/ w - w w g - g - Bh Bh Bh Bh ;_ -
e o n" s f; o sk s i s b b B gh nk s x 2 0 3
r o/ g w r o/ r Bah ; - ; - ; - ; -
n g Bh ;'_ o{ s g ;z Gk s o' s wjk s o' s x 2 0 3
304
okr d/; fsqskb
26
1
;EkJh- ;Kto/ w/oh pJhnK rj' Bk,
;Kto/ w'oh pJhnK rj' Bk .
nzsok- w?I s'I Bkoh gokJ/ xo eh,'
w/o/ Go';/ ;akw oj' Bk .
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
- r - w o/ r Bah ;
s ;K s t o/ s w' oh
o/ - w g gX
;I
Bh[ X g - g X w wr o/r Bah ;
pJhI s nK r j' s s BK s s ;K s t o/s ss w' oh
r[r[ o/;o/ w g ;I;IBh[X Bh[
g
X g
pJhI s
sss nK r j' sss s s Bk
nzsok
- w - g Bh ;I ;I -
Bh ;I s w?I s s' Bk s oh s g Bh - ;I ;I o/I o/I - gBh ;Io/I ;I Bh[ Xg X Xw ro/
g ok s J/ x o eh s w/s ss o/ G o' s s ;/ ss w
o/ - w g wg XBh[
g
X g
;ak s w o j';I s s s Bk
26 okik G?nk g[zS tkb/, m[woh sozfrDh, gzBk 8
305
okr fsbe ekw'd
27
1
;EkJh- Bho GoB e?;/ ikT{I ;yh oh,
vro ubs w';/ eos oko .
nzsok- n?;' uzub ugb jN BN yN
wkBs ekj{ eh pks, fpBsh eos np
rJh oh jko .
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
r o/ g w r ;o/ - r
Bh o G o B e?s s ;/
; - ; ; (;) - Bah - ga ga Bah ; o/ r[ ; o/
ik s T{I ; yh s oh s v r o u b s w' ;/
w g X w ro/ r ; -
e o s ok ss o w?I s
nzsok
g g Bh Bh ;I ;I g Bh
j N B N y N wk B
w w g g Bh Bh ;I ;I g Bh ;I o/I ;I Bh[ X g
n? ;' uz u b u g b fp B sh e o s n p
w g X w ro/ r ; -
ar dh rz r s s o w?I s
27 okik G?nk, okik G?nk g[zS tkb/, m[woh sozfrDh, gzBk 13-14
306
pzfd;a
28
1
(pzpJh ;NkfJb)
(fszB skb)
;EkJh- B?BB w/I p;/ w[okoh
r'poXB froXkoh ..
B?BB w/I HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
nzsok- w[obhXo r'e[b e' o;hnk
f;ankw fpjkoh g? tko{z ;yh..
B?BB w/IHHHHHHHHHHHHH
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
r g Bh X - w r - ;
B? B B w/I s p ;/ s w[
o/ - - - ; - ; - ; - r w g g Bh Bh
ok s s s s oh s s s r' s p o g B fr o
gBh ;IBh XBh ;IBh X g r r
Xks ss ss ss oh s B B?
nzsok
Bh[ Bh[ Bh[ Bh[X g Xg wr w
w[ o bh ss X o s r's s g X X gX Bh Bh ;I - rI o/IrI o/IrI o/I;I ;Io/I ;Io/I - ;IBh
e[ b e' ss o f; nk s ;ak wks ss fps jk s ohs ss g?s Bh;I o/I;I Bh X g -
ps ss o{z ; yh s
28 beFwh BkokfJD ror, m[woh nze 1961, gzBk 42
307
(e) m[woh (;z;koe f;azrko)
okr G?oth-isskb (ftbzps)
29
1
;EkJh - pki{pzd y[b y[b ikJ/,
ikJ/ o/
;Ktohnk B/ ikd{ wkok .
nzsok - ikd{ eh g[Vhnk Go-Go wko/ ..
nzuok T[Vh-T[Vh ikJ/ o/ ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 3
r[o/wr[ o/r[o/,; o/[; o/[;B[h; r[ w g
Bh[
X[
pksss sssi{ pzd ssss y[ b y[ b
g - - wr[ r[; gwgw o/[ ; ;wr[gw g(w) r[w o/[; r[ w g
B[h
X[
ik s s J/s ik sJ/ss o/ s pkssss si{ pzs ds y[ b y[ b
g - - wr[ r[w gwgw
w
o/[ ; r[ g g g X[ X[ g (r[)
ik s s J/s iks sJ/ss o/ s n p ;K t oh nk s B/
r[ w r[w r[wgw
;
r[ w
w
o/[ ; ;o/r[wgX[wg rwrwgw r[w o/[; r[ w g X[
ik s ss sssd{ wk s ok s pksssssss sssssi{ pzs ds y[ b y[ b
g - - wr[ r[w gwgw
w
o/[ ;
ik s s J/s iks sJ/ss o/ s
nzsok
r w
B[h
X[ B[h ;I o/_[ ;I -
ik s d{ eh g[ Vh nk s ;I
B[h
;I
B[h ;I ;I B[h;Io/[;I B[h;I
;I
X[ g g g g - g X[ B[h ;I
G o G o wksss ss o/ s nz u ok s T[ Vh T[ Vh
X[ B[h X[,X[ gwr[ r[wgw r[w o/[ ;
ik s J/,p sss sssi{ pzs d s
29 bhbk ekotkb, m[woh gohu?n, gzBk 57
308
okr fsbzr-fsqskb
30
1
;EkJh- ghnk e/ nktB eh ;[Bs ypohnk,
pkN ses jw Bhe Biohnk .
nzsok- edo ghnk s[wo/ ekoB ;',
SkJ/ ojh i?;h ekoh pdohnk .
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
x 2 0 3
; ; r r w w g Bh[g
gh nk e/ nk t B eh ss Bh (;I)
g
Bh[ X r (;) r - Bh - Bh Bh ;I (;I) Bh[ g
;[ B s y p oh nk s pk s N s e s j w
BhI;o/I Bh;I Bh[ g r (w) r -
B/ ss ss e B i oh nk s
nzsok
r w g Bh ;I Bh;I ;I ;I
e d o gh nk ss s[ w
g Bh ;I - ;I
;
IrI
o/I
rI (;I) - rI - wI rI (;I) - Bh[ g
o/ s ek s o Bs ;' s Sk s J/ o jh s i? ;h
r w g Bh[ g (w) r -
ek s oh p d oh nk s
30 okik G?nk g[zS tkb/, m[woh sozfrDh, gzBk 17-18
309
okr d/;a - fJZeskb
31
1
;EkJh - ghnk eo Xo d/y' XVes j? w'oh SshnK
n?;h oshnK ekoh Gkoh nsh jh vokts
nukBe nkB rj/ bhBjh_ pJhnK .
nzsok - s[w s' n?;/ o;hnk ngB/ jh o; e/ rkje
ekj{ eh pks B wkBs np j{z ;[Bs fBe;s
w'o/ w[y ;'_ pshnK ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 0 2 0 3 4
B[h X w g ;I B[h X g
gh nk e o X o d/ y'
x 0 2 0 3 4
X g w r w r w o/r[ ;o/ w - w
X V e s j? s s ;'s s oh s S
x 2 0
g - g - w - g X w r o/ -
sh s nK s n? s ;h s o sh nK s x 2 0
o/ o/ g w r o/ r[ o/ ; Bah ; ;
ek oh Gk oh n sh jh v ok s t s
x 2 0
o/ o/ w w g - X X B[h X g ;_
n uk B e nk s B r j/ s bh Bjh_
x 2 0
B[h X g -
pJh_ s nK s
nzsok
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
w w g -
s[ w s' s x 2 0
Bh Bh ;_ Bh ;I Bh ;I - Bh Bh ;I ;I
nz s ;h s ;h s nk s n g B/ jh
x 2 0
o/_ r[I o/_ ;I o/_ Bh ;I ;I X X X -
o ; e/ s rk s j B ek j{ eh s x 2 0
g - B[h ;_ B[h X g g g o/_ ;I o/_
pk s s B wk s B s n p j{z ;[
x 2 0
Bh ;_ g Bh ;I o/_ Bh X w o/ w g
B s fB e ; s w' o/ w[ y ;'_ s x 2 0
B[h X g -
p sh nK s
31 bhbk ekotkb, m[woh gohu?n, gzBk 151-152
310
m[woh ywki (uKuo - dhguzdh, 14 wksok)
32
1
;EkJh - ikt' edo Bkjh_ p'b' jw ;/ .
jw ;/ pj[s/o/ s[wo/ dw ;/ ..
nzsok - M{mh brkts w'j/ Bkjh_ Gkts .
j' joikJh s[w s' iBw ;/ ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
x 2 0 3
; - - r - - r w w - r w g X
ik s s t' s s e d o s s s Bk jh_
x 2 0 3
Bh - - ;I - - - o/_ ;I (;I) - B[h - X
g
X
p' s s b' s s ss j w s ;/ s s s x 2 0 3
Bh - - ;_ - ;I ;I
;I
X
X
;I - B[h - X -
jw s s ;/ s p j{ s/ s s o/ s s s x 2 0 3
g
r w - g - - X r w - r - - -
s[ w s o/ s s s d w s ;/ s s s x 2 0 3
nzsok
w r w B[h X - Bh ;I - Bh ;I - ;I -
M{ s s mh s s b rk s s t s s s x 2 0 3
Bh Bh - ;I - ;I - ;I Bh ;I B[h - X -
w' j/ s Bk s jh s Gk s s t s s s x 2 0 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
x 2 0 3
Bh - - ;I - ;I -
;
IX
X
;I - B[h - X -
j' s s j s o s ik s s Jh s s s x 2 0 3
g
r w - g - - X r w - r - - -
s[ w s s' s s i B w s ;/ s s s x 2 0 3
32 Fso[xB F[eb, m[woh eh T[sgZsh, ftek; n"o F?bhnK, gzBk 101-102
311
okr d/; - f;skoykBh
33
1
;EkJh - pbw ftd/;a ;iBh w/o' .
nzsok - Bk ikB{z ejK SkJ/ fpbwkJ/
Bk ikB{z ejK SkJ/ fpbw oj/
ihnk fpu T[ms nzd/;a ..
;EkJh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
w
o/ w g X
g
w
p b w s ft
x 2 0 3
w - - o/
r
o/ -
o
/r Bah ; - - , o/ w g X
g
w
d/ s s s s s s ;a s s s , p b w s ft
x 2 0 3
w - r w ro/ r
;
Bah o/ ; - - o/
w
w g X w
d/ s s s ;as s ; i Bh s s p b w s ft
x 2 0 3
w - - o/ o/ r - (Bah) ; - - - o/ w g -
d/ s s s s s s ;a s s s s ; i Bh s x 2 0 3
Xgwg Bh ;I -
X
g -
g
X - w - -
w
o/
w/sss s s s s s s s o' s s , p
nzsok
x 2 0 3
w g Bh ;I Bh
Bk ik B{z s e
x 2 0 3
;I - ;I o/I;I B[h - g Bh gBh;Io/_ -o/_ rIo/IrI[o/_;I w
;I
Bh
;I
Bh ;I Bh
jK s Sk J/ s s fp b wksss sJ/ sssss Bk ik B{z s e
x 2 0 3
;I - ;I o/_;Io/_;IBh g Bh Bh;Io/_ -o/_ rIo/_rIo/_;I Bh ;I o/I Bh Bh Bh Bh
jkI s Sk J/ssss fp b wss so j/ssss s ih nk fp u T[ m
x 2 0 3
;I g gX Xgwg ;I - g X[ w - o/ ,
w
o/
s s nz d/sss s s s s ; s s , p
x 2 0 3
33 bhbk ekotkb, m[woh gohu?n, gzBk 144-145
312
nzfsek
pzfdFK dh ;{uh
bVh BzH pzfdFk dk Bkw gzBk BzH
(T) Xogd F?bh ftZu nfXnkswe fFzrko dhnK pzfdFK
(n) Xogd F?bh ftZu ;z;koe fFzrko dhnK pzfdFK
(J) fyankb F?bh ftZu nfXnkswe fFzrko dhnK pzfdFK
(;) m[woh F?bh ftZu nfXnkswe fFzrko dhnK pzfdFK
(j) m[woh F?bh ftzu ;z;koe fFzrko dhnK pzfdFK
top related