9a unit 3 teenage problems grammar a&b 教学目标 1 掌握动词不定式的用法。 2...

9A Unit 3

Teenage problems

Grammar A&B

教学目标1 掌握动词不定式的用法。2 掌握特殊疑问词 +to do 的用法3 能用动词不定式和特殊疑问词 +to do 谈论问题4 解决在学习和生活中存在的问题

1.He likes staying out late to play football.

2. His dream is to be a football player .3. His parents don’t allow him to play outside after 6 p.m.4. He doesn’t have enough time to practise playing football.

Sigmund Friend advised him not to spend too

much time on football.

A ‘To’ -infinitives

动词不定式的结构肯定形式 to do

否定形式 not to do

Subject 主语Predicative 表语Object 宾语Object complement 宾补attributive 定语Adverbial 状语

‘To’ –infinitives can be used as different parts of a sentence

To hand in homework on time is good.

=It is good to hand in homework on time.

To plant trees every year is necessary.

=It is necessary to plant trees every year

按时交作业是好的。

每年植树是有必要的。

‘To’ –infinitives 用法 / 功能(1) Subject 主语

不定式作主语时 , 能换成用 it 作形式主语的句型。原主语不定式放于句末。句子的谓语动词常用单数。

Eg.1 、对于学生们来说，努力学习是很重要的。

2 、吃的太多对于你来说是不健康的。

It’s important for students to work hard.

It’s unhealthy for you to eat too much.

‘To’ –infinitives 用法 / 功能

His dream is to be a great football player.

(2) Predicative 表语

连系动词后面的叫表语 , 如 am, is, are, seem 等

我们的工作是教学生。

擦黑板是她的责任（ duty ） 。

Our job is to teach students.

Her duty is to clean the blackboard.

I hope to hear from you soon.

(3) Object 宾语

The boy promises not to be late for school again.

‘To’ –infinitives 用法 / 功能

我希望很快收到你的来信。

这个男孩许诺上学不再迟到。

类似的动词有： agree, decide ,choose, hope, wish , want, would like , plan, happen, promise, afford, prepare, fail 等。

Eg: 1. He is preparing .

( 复习迎考 )

2. He chose first .

( 完成家庭作业 )

to revise for the tests

to complete the homework

做宾语：动词 +to do

1. It is bad to tell lies.

(Subject 主语 / Object 宾语 )

2. I want to buy some books.

(Subject 主语 / Object 宾语 )

3 You seem to spend a lot of time playing football.

(Object 宾语 /Predicative 表语 )

Have a try

Subject 主语

Object 宾语

Predicative 表语

His parents don’t allow him to go out after 6 p.m.

Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class.

做宾补：动词 + 宾语 +to do

类似的动词有： tell, wish, ask, want , invit

e, warn, allow, encourage, advise 等。

‘To’ –infinitives 用法 / 功能(4) Object complement 宾补

Mr. Wu is always the last to leave.

吴老师总是最后一个离开的。

没有必要麻烦他。

Simon 有些重要的事要告诉我们。

There is no need to trouble him.

Simon has got something important to tell us.

(5) Attributive 定语

‘To’ –infinitives 用法 / 功能动词不定式做定语时

要后置，放在名词 / 代词的后

面

(6)Adverbial 状语

1. ( learn) dancing well, I need more practice.

2.Write a note (tell) your parents that you need them.

To learn

to tell

‘To’ –infinitives 用法 / 功能

To express purpose 目的状语他呆在那儿看看将发生什么事。

她为赶上早班车跑得很快。He stayed there to see what would happen.

She ran fast to catch the first bus.

The little baby has grown up to be a beautiful girl.

To express result 结果状语

‘To’ –infinitives 用法 / 功能(6)Adverbial 状语

Linda came back home to find her house on fire.

Linda 回到家发现她家着火了。

这个小孩长成了一个漂亮的姑娘。

1. Write a letter to tell your father that you need his help. (Attributive 定语 / Adverbial to express purpose 目的状语 )

2. Have you got anything important to tell me? (Attributive 定语 / Adverbial to express purpose 目的状语 ) Attributive 定语

Adverbial to express purpose 目的状语

Have a try

3. Tom works hard to make a lot of money. (Adverbial to express purpose 目的状语 / Adverbial to express result 结果状语 )4. He opened the door only to find no one was at home. (Adverbial to express purpose 目的状语 / Adverbial to express result 结果状语 )

Have a try

Adverbial to express purpose 目的状语

Adverbial to express result 结果状语

Note1

1. Jim Carrey’s films always make me _________ (to laugh, laugh).

2. It’s good to let your parents _________ (to know, know) your feelings.

3. The twins often have their parents _________ (to buy, buy) a lot of snacks.

laugh

know

buy

make/let/have sb. do sth. 使役动词

Note21. Someone saw him ________ (walk, to

walk) into that building at about three this afternoon.

2. Did you hear him ________ (go, to go) out?

3. Did you notice him ________ (come, to come) in?

walk

go

come

see/watch/hear/notice sb. do sth.

感官动词

某些动词如 make ,let ,have ,see ,hear ,notice, 等后面跟不定式做宾语补足语时， to 要省去，但是在被动语态中要还原‘ to’.

The teacher made us ( 做许多工作 )

=we were made by the teacher .

do a lot of work

to do a lot of work

I saw her (do) the housework everyday.

=She was seen (do) the housework by me

everyday.

do

to do

Note3

1. This can help us (to) relax and make our lives more interesting.

2. Would you like to help me (to) solve the teenage problems?

help sb （ to ） do

Note41. Simon likes staying out late to play

football.

2. Simon likes staying out late to chat with his friends.

Simon likes staying out late to play football and chat with his friends.

And 连接的两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式“ to” 一般省略。

Suzy Daniel Amy

Sandy Kitty David

More problems and suggestions

My home is always noisy. I cannot find a quiet place ________ (to study, studying).

More problems and suggestions

to study

Ask your family _______ (turn) down the TV or turn it off while you are studying.

to turn

Object complement 宾补

Suzy

I have no courage _________ (to share, for sharing) with my friends my worries.

to share

Try _______ (talk) to your friends and share your worries with them.

to talk

Object 宾语

More problems and suggestions

Daniel

To tell you the truth, sometimes I quarrel with my cousin Shirley. I hope she will not come __________ (to disturb, disturbing) me any more.

to disturb

Be patient. Tell your cousin that it is important _______ (leave) you alone so you can study.

to leave

Subject 主语

More problems and suggestions Amy

I hope my parents can spare some time for me every day. I need someone _______ (talking, to talk) to at home.to talk

Write a note _______ (tell) your parents that you need them.

to tell

Adverbial to express purpose 目的状语

More problems and suggestions

Sandy

_________ (Learning, To learn) dancing well, I need much more practice.

To learn

Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _________ (dance) every day.

to dance

Attributive 定语

More problems and suggestions

Kitty

My parents care only about marks after exams. They do not seem _________ (to notice, noticed) that I have tried my best.

to notice

The best way is _______ (let) your parents see your progress after each exam.

to let

Predicative 表语

More problems and suggestions David

Problems & suggestions (Ⅰ)

A (Suzy, Daniel, Amy,…): … (problems)

B (Sigmund Friend): … (suggestions)

Suzy Daniel Amy

Sandy

Kitty David

Millie

1. She doesn’t know how to deal with her problem2. She doesn’t know what to do .3. She wants to know where to ask for advice.

B ‘Wh-’ words + ‘to’ -infinitives

More problems

Tip decide, explain, hear, learn, remember, see, tell, understand, find out

1. Paul doesn’t know who he can talk to for help.

2. Simon just forgot when he could meet his friends.

3. David asks where he can ask for help.

1. Paul doesn’t know who to talk to for help.

2. Simon just forgot when to meet his friends.

3. David asks where to ask for help.

how which what when where whose1. When I go into the clothes shop, I always can’t

decide which one to buy.

2. My grandfather doesn’t know how to use a computer.

3. Kitty doesn’t know whose bike to borrow?

Have a try

4. —Will you please show me how to drive a

car?

—Yes, of course. Now let me tell you what

to do first.

5. I will tell Lucy when and where to meet.

Have a try

how which what when where whose

except ‘why’

M: Millie F: Mr. Friend

M: Can you tell me about your job, Mr. Friend?

F: Yes, of course. Many students write to me and ask me how to solve their problems. I always give them my advice and tell them what to do.

M: What problems do most students have?

F: Many can’t decide when to work and when to play. They just need to learn how to achieve a balance between study and play.

An interview

M: Millie F: Mr. FriendM: I agree. Sometimes, I just get too much homework and I really don’t know which to do first. I feel stressed from time to time. Can you tell us who to talk to and where to get help when we have problems?F: Yes. First, you can talk to your parents, teachers or friends. Second, you can also get help from youth workers at your own school.

M: Thanks for your valuable suggestions.

F: You’re welcome.

An interview

Youth workers are here to help you with your problems.

‘to’-infinitives

‘wh-’ words+ ‘to’-infinitives

Problems & suggestions (Ⅱ)

problems & suggestionsⅠ Problems & suggestions (Ⅱ)Make up a dialogueA: I’ve got a problem. I am very unhappy/sad/ worried/tired …B: I’m sorry to hear that. What’s the problem?A: … Can you give me some advice?B: Why don’t you …?/Why not …?/How about

…?/What about …?/You’d better (not) …/You should …

A: That’s a good idea. Thank you for your useful/valuable advice/suggestions.

B: My pleasure.

1 Review what we have learned today.2 Finish the workbook Grammar Part A and Part B 3 Preview Part C

[ 考例 ]—What do you think of tomorrow’s football match?

—____ difficult for us ____ the match. ( )We’re; to win B. We’re; wining C. It’s; to win D. It’s; wining

c

[ 解析 ] 本题句意是“对于我们来说，赢得这场比赛很困难。”

“It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.” 是一种常用句式，

其中 it 是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。

【考例 2 】 I found ___ impossible _______ his mind. He was so stubborn. （ ）A. it; to change B. I’m ; to change C. it’s ; to change D. he’s; to change

【解析】： find it adj. to do 为固定结构，其中it 做形式宾语，其后的不定式是真正的宾语。

A

【考例 2 】 Millie feels lonely from time to time because she has few close friends _________.A. to talk B. talk to C. to talk to D. to speak

C

【解析】根据句意 : “…… 因为她很少有挚友可与之交谈”，需要用不定式作定语。又因为 talk 是不及物动词，其后需加上介词 to 。

动词不定式的否定形式为：

not + to do/not +do

Mr.Smith asked the boy ___________(not play) this kind of game.

not to play

Please have him __________(not do) so much housework.

not do

You had better __________(not spend ） so much time playing computer games. It’s bad for your study.

not spend

[ 考例 ] The sick woman is _____ weak ___ look after herself. ( )

A. too, to B. so that C. very, to D. so, to

[ 解析 ] 此题考查 too…to… 结构，该结构意为“太……而不能……”不定式短语作结果状语。

A

[ 考例 ] My sister doesn’t like the dress. She thinks it makes her _____ fat.

A. look B. looks C. to look D. looked

[ 解析 ]make 在此是使役动词，其后的宾语补足语应使用省 to 的不定式。

A

Spare 在这里用作动词，意思是“留出，匀出”，作形容词时意思是“空余的，多余的”

e.g. 你能给我留一分钟吗 ？Can you ___________________________________spare me a minute/spare a minute for me

leave somebody alone 意思是“不打扰，不惊动”

e.g. 那位影星希望在她度假时不被打扰That film star wants ___________________ when he is on holiday.

to be left alone