an overview of brazilian actions regarding sustainability of biofuels
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AnOverviewofBrazilianAc1onsRegardingSustainabilityof
Biofuels
ManoelRegisL.V.Lealregis.leal@bioetanol.org.br
Context
• Fastgrowthofbiofuelsproduc1onstar1ng2003;• BiofuelsunderaIack:noGHGreduc1onbenefits,nega1veimpactsonfoodproduc1on,biodiversitylosses,laborissues;
• Severalini1a1vesonbiofuelssustainabilitycriteria,tendingtobecomecer1fica1onprocedures:EUDirec1ve,RFS2(USA),LCFS(California),RSB(Switzerland),RTFO(UK),GBEP(G8+5),BSI(WWF,other),CramerReport(Holland)
BrazilianAc1vi1es
Someverygoodini1a1vestakingplacebutlackaNa1onalCoordina1on
• SugarcaneAgroecologicalZoning;• SPAgroenvironmentalZoning;• EnvironmentalProtocolsinSPandMG;
• INMETROBrazilianBiofuelsCer1fica1onProgram;• Na1onalAgreementtoImproveLaborCondi1ons;
• Par1cipa1oninGBEP,RSB,BSI;• Brazil/Germanyini1a1vetoproposeISO/PC248Sustainability
CriteriaforBioenergy(ABNT/INMETRO/DIN)
LessonsFromIni1a1vesAbroad• MainfocusstronglyonGHGnetemissionreduc1ons(limitsdefined);
• Compe11onwithfoodsupplyconcerns;
• Biodiversityprotec1on;• Waterandsoilconserva1on;
• Wastemanagement;
• Socialissues:welfare(labor,humanrights,property,socialcondi1ons);
• Wealth:impactsonlocalpopula1on
HowToMeasure?
• Criteriaandindicators
• Typesofindicators– Processindicator:evidencethatofaspecificac1onwastaken(qualita1ve)
– Performanceindicator:quan1tavedefini1onoftargets
Regula1onsAlreadyinEffect
• EUDirec1ve2009/28/EC
• RenewableFuelStandard2(EISAof2007):EPA
• LowCarbonFuelStandard:CARB
EUDirec1veKeyPoints• Targetforrenewableenergyshareintransportof10%in2020;
• Ar1cle17:SustainabilityCriteriaforBiofuelsandBioliquids;AppendixVLCAproceduresanddata;
• GHGreduc1onlimits:35%(2013),50%(2018)and60%fornewplants(01/01/2017);
• Favor2Gbiofuelsandfeedstocksfromdegradedland;
• LUCincludedbutILUCwillbesuggestedbyDec/2010;
• DefaultvaluesforbiofuelsLCA.
EUDirec1veDefaultValues
RenewableFuelStandard2
• FourtypesofbiofuelsbasedonfeedstocksandGHGreduc1ons
• Biofuelsdemandwillreach136GL(36Ggalons)in2022(marketshare)
• GHGemissionreduc1ons(baseline2005):20%forplantsbuiltajerdec/2007;50%foradvancedbiofuels,60%for2Gbiofuels
EPALCAEmissionReduc1onValues
TypeofBiofuel 100years2%discountrate
(%)
30years0%discountrate
(%)
Cornethanol(NGdrymill) ‐16 +5
Cornethanol(NGdrymillbestcase) ‐39 ‐18
Cornethanol(coaldrymill) +13 +34
Cornethanol(biomassdrymill) ‐39 ‐18
Cornethanol(biomassdrymill/cogen) ‐47 ‐26
Soybeansbiodiesel ‐22 +4
Tallowbiodiesel ‐80 ‐80
Sugarcaneethanol ‐44 ‐26
Switchgrassethanol ‐128 ‐124
Cornstoverethanol ‐115 ‐116
Source: EPA, 2009
LowCarbonFuelStandard(CARB)
• Target:reduceGHGemissionsintransportin10%by2020(Inrela1onto1990levels);
• Reduceoildependence;• LCA:considerLUC/ILUC• Sustainabilitycriteria:tobeproposedin2013• DefaultvaluesforGHGemissionsindifferentfuelpaths
LCFSDefaultValues
SuggestedAc1onsforBrazil
• Movetowardbiofuelsustainabilitysystem;• Developandcer1fyLCAmethodologyforourcondi1ons,
includingLUC/ILUC;• Createadatabaseforthecri1calitems,speciallyconcerning
LUC/ILUC,soilemissions,wateruse;• Makethebestuseofthesugarcanezoningsystems,
environmentalprotocols,laboragreementstoshowcompliancewithprocessindicatorsforbiodiversity,LUC,foodsafety,etc.;
• Iden1fyareasforGHGandenergybalancesimprovementsandinvestintechnologydevelopmentforthem;
• MovefromdefensetoaIack.
ImportantPlayers• Privatesector
– UNICA,CTC,Severalmills,Icone
• Publicins1tu1ons– Ridesa,Embrapa,Apta,Universi1es
• Government– MRE,MCT,MAPA,MDIC,MMA,SP‐SMA
• WorkerOrganiza1ons• NGO’sButcoordina:onisrequired
BrazilianBiofuelsSustainabilityAlterna1ves
• GBEP:GlobalBioenergyPartnership
• ISO/PC248ProjectCommiIeeonSustainabilityCriteriaforBioenergy
• BSIandRSB
GBEP
• Itisanofficialini1a1ve;• InvolvesG8+5andotherstodevelopcriteriaandindicatorsforsustainability:relevant,prac1calandsciencebasedforvoluntaryapplica1on;geographicscaletakeninaccount;
• Sub‐groups:environmental,social,andeconomicandenergysecurity;
ISO/PC248
• Scope:standardiza1oninthefieldofsustainabilitycriteriaforbioenergy;
• EstablishedbytheISOTechnicalManagementBoardResolu1on124/2009;
• SixWorkingGroups(WG’s):– Inventoryofini1a1ves;Terminology;GHG;Sustainability(environmental,social,economicaspects;Verifica1onandaudi1ng;Indirecteffects.
BSIandRSB
• Par1cipa1onintheworkgroups;• Learnbydoing;• Influencethedecisions;• IncludeBraziliandataandculture;• Avoidinconvenientrequirements;
• Organizecountryinforma1onanddata.
BrazilianIni1a1vesinLUCEmissionsSugarcaneCase
Referencecrop Cstockchange(tC/ha)
Emissions(kgCO2/m3)
2006 2020EE 2020ethanol
Degradedpasture
10 ‐302 ‐259 ‐185
Naturalpasture ‐5 157 134 96
Cul1vatedpasture
‐1 29 25 18
Soybean ‐2 61 52 37
Maize 11 ‐317 ‐272 ‐195
CoIon 13 ‐384 ‐329 ‐236
Cerrado ‐21 601 515 369
Campolimpo ‐29 859 737 527
Cerradão ‐36 1,040 891 638
LUCemissions ‐118 ‐109 ‐78
Source: Zuurbier and van de Vooren, 2008
ThankforyouraIen1on!
regis.leal@bioetanol.org.br
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