angular application testing

CoWork SouthBay 15 April 2017

Angular Application Testing

Code & Slides

• https://github.com/Rockncoder/gh-stars

• https://www.slideshare.net/rockncoder/angular-application-testing

2

3

4

Troy Miles• Troy Miles aka the RocknCoder

• Over 38 years of programming experience

• Speaker and author

• bit.ly/rc-jquerybook

• rockncoder@gmail.com

• @therockncoder

• Now a lynda.com Author!

5

Build Mobile Apps!

• Develop mobile apps with Ionic and AngularJS

• Learn the Ionic CLI

• Fetch data via ajax

• Deploy your app to Android & iOS

• bit.ly/ionicvideo

6

Follow Me

• Talks

• Webcasts

• Free stuff

• Tips, tricks, tools

• and general code nerd stuff

• @therockncoder

My Versionsapp command my version

git git —version 2.11.0

node.js node -v 7.7.2

npm npm —v 4.1.2

angular (package.json) 4.0.1

angular cli ng -v 1.0.0

“Code without tests is bad code.”— Michael C. Feathers

10

Agenda• Why Test?

• Tools

• Unit Testing Basics

• Testing Components

• Testing Directives

• Testing Services

• Testing Pipes

• Testing Routes

• E2E Tests

• Summary

11

Why Test?

12

Why Test?

• Make sure the app meets its requirements

• Ensure that the app doesn’t regress

• Allow us to enhance app without breaking it

• Fearlessly improve the design

13

The Testing PyramidMike Cohn / Martin Fowler

14

Unit vs. End-to-EndUnit End-to-End

fast yes no

reliable yes no

isolates failures yes no

simulates user no yes

Component• A class with component metadata

• Responsible for a piece of the screen referred to as view.

• Template is a form HTML that tells angular how to render the component.

• Metadata tells Angular how to process a class

Component1 import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; 2 3 @Component({ 4 selector: 'app-about', 5 templateUrl: './about.component.html', 6 styleUrls: ['./about.component.css'] 7 }) 8 export class AboutComponent implements OnInit { 9 10 constructor() { } 11 12 ngOnInit() { 13 } 14 } 15

Template/View

• Is a way to describe a view using HTML

• Templates can be included with the component

• Or as a URL link to an HTML file

• Best practice is to use an HTML file

Directive• A class with directive metadata

• Three kinds of directives

• Attribute directives alter the look or behavior of an existing element

• Structural directives alter the layout by adding, removing, and replacing elements in the DOM

• A component is a directive with a view

Directiveimport {Directive, ElementRef, Renderer, Input, OnInit} from 'angular2/core'; @Directive({ selector: '[sizer]'}) export class Sizer implements OnInit { @Input() sizer:string; element:ELementRef; renderer:Renderer; constructor(element:ElementRef, renderer:Renderer) { this.element = element; this.renderer = renderer; } ngOnInit() { this.renderer.setElementStyle(this.element.nativeElement, 'fontSize', this.sizer + '%'); } }

Service

• “Substitutable objects that are wired together using dependency injection (DI)”

• Used to share code across an app

• Lazily instantiated

• Angular has no “Service” defined type

Tools

22

The Angular CLI• Makes creating an Angular app that follows best

practices easy

• Built with TypeScript & Webpack

• Based on the ember-cli project

• Version 1.0.0 (yay!)

• https://cli.angular.io/

23

Angular CLITool Command

New App ng new <app-name>

Web Server ng serve

Unit Test ng test

End to End Test ng e2e

Dev Build ng build dev

Production Build ng build prod

Create New ComponentsComponent CommandClass ng g class my-new-classComponent ng g component my-new-componentDirective ng g directive my-new-directiveEnum ng g enum my-new-enumInterface ng g interface my-new-interfaceModule ng g module my-modulePipe ng g pipe my-new-pipeService ng g service my-new-service

package.jsonComponent Command

core-js modular standard library for JavaScript

rxjs reactive extensions for JavaScript

zone.js change detection

angular2-moment angular wrapper for moment.js

hammerjs support touch gestures

codelyzer set of tslint rules for static code analysis

Jasmine• Created by Pivotal Labs in 2010

• Current version 2.5.2

• JavaScript testing framework

• The default unit test for Angular

• Can test client and server code

describe() - Test Suite• describe() is a global Jasmine function

• Takes to parameters

• name of the test suite (string)

• implementation of the suite (function)

• Can be nested

describe()describe('App: Quizzer', () => { beforeEach(() => { TestBed.configureTestingModule({ declarations: [ AppComponent ], imports: [ RouterTestingModule ] }); }); });

it() - Test Spec

• it() is a global Jasmine function

• Takes two parameters

• name of the spec (string)

• implementation of the spec (function)

it()

it(`should have as title 'Quizzer'`, async(() => { let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(AppComponent); let app = fixture.debugElement.componentInstance; expect(app.title).toEqual('Quizzer'); }));

expect() - Expectation• expect() is a global Jasmine function

• Jasmine’s version of assert()

• Takes one parameter

• The actual - value generated by code under test

• Is chained to a Matcher

Matcher

• Takes the output of the expect() function

• Takes one parameter

• The expected value

• Compares the expect and actual value using the logic of the matcher

expect()

let app = fixture.debugElement.componentInstance; expect(app).toBeTruthy(); expect(app).not.toBeUndefined(); expect(app.title).toEqual('Quizzer');

Matchers (part 1)Matcher Comparison

toBe() compares using ===

toEqual() works for literal variables and objects

toMatch() for regular expressions

toBeDefined() compares against 'undefined'

toBeUndefined() also compares against ‘undefined'

Matchers (part 2)Matcher Comparison

toBeNull() compares against null

toBeTruthy() truthy boolean casting

toBeFalsy() falsy boolean casting

toContain() finds an item in array

Matchers (part 3)Matcher Comparison

toBeLessThan() mathematical comparison

toBeGreaterThan() mathematical comparison

toBeCloseTo() precision math comparison

toThrow() should throw an exception

Custom Matchersvar customMatchers = { toBeGoofy: function (util, customEqualityTesters) { return { compare: function (actual, expected) { if (expected === undefined) { expected = ''; } var result = {}; result.pass = util.equals(actual.hyuk, "gawrsh" + expected, customEqualityTesters); result.message = result.pass ? "Expected " + actual + " not to be quite so goofy" : "Expected " + actual + " to be goofy, but it was not very goofy"; return result; } }; } };

beforeEach()

• Setup function

• Called before each spec is executed

• A good place to add customer matchers

beforeEach()

beforeEach(function() { jasmine.addMatchers(customMatchers); });

afterEach()

• Teardown function

• Called after each spec is executed

beforeAll & afterAll

• beforeAll() called once before any spec is ran

• afterAll() called once after all tests complete

• Be careful not to leak state into test suite

• Recommend not using unless you really need

42

this

• beforeEach sets the this construct to any empty object

• It is passed to each it() and afterEach()

• The modified this doesn’t flow thru from one it() to the next

Disabling suites & specs

• prepend an ‘x’

• to disable a suite change describe() to xdescribe()

• to disable a spec change it() to xit()

• They are not execute but appear in reporting

First

45

Karma• A JavaScript test runner created by Google

• Testing framework agnostic

• Works with Continuous Integration frameworks

• Version 1.6.0

• Originally call “Testacular”

• https://karma-runner.github.io/1.0/index.html

46

Karma

• Installed via npm install karma —save-dev

• Karma’s CLI npm install karma-cli

• Invoke via ng test

47

Protractor

• End-to-end test framework for Angular & AngularJS

• Built on top WebDriverJS & Selenium

• Tests like a user

• Version 5.1.1

• http://www.protractortest.org/#/

48

E2E specs

• E2E tests are in the directory, “e2e”

• Tests end with “e2e-spec.ts”

• Tests look similar to Jasmine

49

Unit Testing Basics

50

Testing Components

51

Testing Services

52

Testing Pipes

53

Useful URLs• https://medium.com/google-developer-experts/

angular-2-testing-guide-a485b6cb1ef0

• https://medium.com/@ladyleet/setting-up-and-testing-angular-material-2-components-in-your-angular-2-angular-cli-application-6d1824ed9d81

• https://blog.thoughtram.io/angular/2016/11/28/testing-services-with-http-in-angular-2.html

• https://blog.thoughtram.io/angular/2016/12/27/angular-2-advance-testing-with-custom-matchers.html

54

Summary

• Angular is built to test

• The CLI creates the testing harness for both unit and e2e tests

• Test your code

55