asian longhorned beetle

Karen Coluzzi, Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, ForestryFPOSP Training, Calais, ME 5/22/2013

• Anoplophora glabripennis (Family: Cerambycidae)

• Native to China and Korea

• “Longhorned Beetle” due to the long antennae

• “Starry Sky Beetle” “Darth Vader Beetle”

PA Dept. Conservation and Natural Resources, Bugwood.org

• ALB is a wood boring beetle.• Small larvae feed in the cambium and

sapwood disrupting flow of nutrients• Larger larvae feed deeper into the

tree’s heartwood, weakening the tree’s structure.

• ALB attacks healthy hardwood trees

• Repeated attacks lead to weakened trees and eventually death.

Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

• Solid wood packing materials (SWPM), like pallets, crates and spools, are used to transport goods from China to the U.S.

• SWPMs were infested with live ALB larvae.

• ALB in North America

• New York – Brooklyn (1996)• Illinois – Chicago (1998)• New Jersey – Jersey City (2002)• Toronto, Canada (2003)• New Jersey – Carteret (2004)• New York – Staten Island (2007)• New York – Prall Island (2007)• Massachusetts – Worcester (2008)• Massachusetts – Boston (2010)• Ohio – Clermont Co. (2011)

X XX

• ALB attacks many hardwood tree species

• Represent billions of dollars to the U.S. economy• Lumber

• Wood products

• Nursery stock

• Maple syrup

• Tourism

http://curiouslyhealthy.blogspot.com

• Public Safety Hazard• Trees are weakened by larval feeding in the heartwood.

Michael Bohne, U.S. Forest Service Ice stormMassachusetts, 2008

• Hard to Detect• No effective trap/lure• Only visual surveys – easy to miss signs

• Limited Control Options• To date, no effective natural enemies• No pesticides

• Non-infested trees can be protected with chemical trunk injections

• Must take tree down and chip it.

• In Urban Areas• Tree canopy cover – 35% lost• Tree mortality – 30% (=1.2 billion trees)• Economic damage

• $669 billion• Decreased property

values• Energy-conserving

shade• Aesthetic loss

Karen Coluzzi, Maine Dept. of Agriculture Street in Worcester after

tree removal

• In Forested Areas• Tree mortality – 30% (=71 billion trees)• Economic damage

• $2 trillion• Reduced water and air quality• Ecological diversity altered• Wetlands and wildlife

impacted

birch

maple

horsechestnut

elm

willow

poplarmountain-ash

• *Maple (including boxelder)*• Birch• Elm• Horsechestnut• Mountain-ash• Poplar• Willow

The adult female chews a niche into the

bark of the tree in which to lay her egg. An adult male guards

the female.

Mike Bohne, U.S. Forest Service

Eggs are laid individually under the bark and are the approximate size of a grain of

rice.

Larry R. Barber, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

After 10-15 days, larvae hatch and bore into the tree, feeding on the cambial layer

and inner bark for the first three life stages.

USDA APHIS PPQ

Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Adults emerge leaving round,

dime-sized exit holes

Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

The larvae eventually bore deeper into the wood where

they pupate.

PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org Michael Bohne, Bugwood.org Michael Bohne, USDA Forest Service

July - October

Adult Beetles • Large over 1”; females larger than males

• Shiny black like patent leather shoes

• White markings strong alternating bands on antennae; splotches on body

• Blue tinge on legs

female

male

Whitespotted Pine Sawyer

Feeds on conifers – pine, spruce and fir. Adults range from 0.75-1.25” in length. Adults emerge in spring and can be seen all summer.

femalemale

female

White scutellumBlack scutellum

Northeastern Sawyer

Feeds on conifers 1.0 – 1.5” in length Adults emerge in spring

Western Conifer Seed Bug

Feeds on conifer seeds~3/4” in length Adults enter buildings when cold

Bores into roots. 1.0 – 1.75” in length.Adults are nocturnal.

Serrated antennae

Eyed Click Beetle

Predatory. 1.0 – 1.8” in length.Wireworm larvae feed on woodborers.

Broadnecked Root Borer

PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org

Branch Dieback and Discolored Foliage

Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ

Bark Problems

MissingCracks

Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

Foamy Sap

Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

Oviposition Sites (egg niches)

Jenn Forman Orth, Mass. Department of Agricultural Resources

Jenn Forman Orth, Mass. Department of Agricultural Resources

Oviposition Sites (egg niches)

Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

newold

Exit (emergence) Holes

Dennis Haugen, US Forest Service

Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

Exit (emergence) Holes

Exit (emergence) Holes vs. Sapsucker Damage

Frass

Frass

Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org

Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

Robert A. Haack, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Frass

Adult Feeding Damage

Dean Morewood, Health Canada, Bugwood.org

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org

Tunnels and Galleries

Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ

• On host trees• Look for signs and symptoms

throughout the year

• Look for adult beetles July – October

• Binoculars are good for higher branches

Maine Department of Agriculture

What the USDA Eradication Program uses to look for

signs of ALB

• Open landscapes• Street trees, backyards, parks,

cemeteries

• Right-of-ways• Roads, power lines, railroad

tracks

• Edges* of:• Woodlots, forests, ravines• Industrial parks!!!

• Campgrounds

• Capture it• Place in a container • that can be sealed• Freeze ASAP

• OR, take a picture

• Collect data• Date• Location• Nearby trees or tree it was on• Your name and contact info

Glenn Rosenholm, US Forest Service

• www.albmaine.org

• Division of Animal and Plant Health• 207-287-3891

• Maine Forest Service• 207-287-2431

• USDA APHIS PPQ• 207-848-5199

• ALB Hotline• 866-702-9938

Also, join our Facebook page! Maine Bug Watch

Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry

• Almost all new infestations have been detected by private citizens.

• Trainings

• Presentations

• Public events

• Media

• Outreach also facilitates program activities and compliance with regulations once an infestation has been identified.

ALB reported in 2008 by a public citizen

Infested trees date back to 1994

110 mi2 quarantined

>34,000 trees removed to date

ALB reported in 2010 by a trained volunteer

Infested trees date back to 2008

10 mi2 quarantined

6 trees removed to date

Worcester, MA Boston, MA

• Asian longhorned beetle threatens Maine’s hardwood and urban forests.

• If left unchecked, the potential economic damage from ALB is estimated at more than $600 billion dollars in the continental U.S.

• We need the help of private citizens to help with early detection to stave off establishment of ALB in Maine.

• Please be on the lookout and Capture and Report any suspect findings

www.albmaine.org

www.uvm.edu/albeetle/