authors: dr. adrian alecu, dr. mariana alecu, dr. romeo brezeanu,
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COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE EFFECT OF HOMEOPATHIC AND ALLOPATHIC MEDICINES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED PATHOLOGY IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
ETUDE COMPARATIVE DE L’ACTION DE MEDICAMENTS HOMEOPATHIQUES ET ALLOPATHIQUES SUR UNE PATHOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE CHEZ DES ANIMAUX DE LABORATOIRE
Authors:Dr. Adrian ALECU, Dr. Mariana ALECU, Dr. Romeo BREZEANU, Dr. Gabriela MARCUS, student Adriana COJOCARUUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu-MuresROMANIA
Aim
• To assess the effect of homeopatic remedies in laboratory animals in placebo controled studies
• Do homeopatic remedies act through placebo effect?
Material and method
• Mice and rats from the bio-base (experimental station) of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu-Mures
• Various induced experimental pathology followed by treatment
– homeopathic,
– allopathic
– combined, homeopathic and allopathic
ExperimentsThe effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
The antitrauma effect of the remedy Arnica in laboratory mice
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of the homeopathic remedy Apis and allopathic anti-inflammatory medicines in experimental acute inflammation produced by formaldehyde
Homeopathic treatment of grade I burns in rats with Apis and Belladonna
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria
upon the healing time of the surgical incision
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
• Previous studies made around the world with homeopathic Arnica –contradictory results
• experimental studies with Staphysagria - missing
• What are the benefits in surgery?
• Our hypothesis – the need of administration of the remedy early after surgery
Material and method
• 75 Wistar rats, weight 250-270 g
• 5 groups of 15 animals
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
Material and method Surgery technique
Step 1 - tranquilization of the rats with ether
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
Material and method Surgery technique
Step 2 - preparing the surgery zone by depilation and disinfection
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
Material and method Surgery technique
Step 3 - performing a deep incision on the external side of the thigh, following the line of the femur until the appearance of the bone
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
Material and method Surgery technique
Step 4 - skin suture in 3 separate points with nonresorbable silk thread
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
Material and method TreatmentEach rat was treated through a plastic probe, starting immediately after surgery and daily administration afterwards until the complete healing of the incision
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
Material and method Treatment
The homeopathic remedies were dissolved in water, 1 pellet in 1 ml water
• Group 1 - control group, sugar water as placebo,
• Group 2 - Arnica CH 7,
• Group 3 - Arnica CH 30,
• Group 4 - Staphysagria CH 7,
• Group 5 - Staphysagria CH 30.
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
Material and method• the length of the remaining incision was
measured each day
• the number of days necessary for the complete healing was noted for each rat
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
ResultsThe rats treated homeopathically, both remedies and both dilutions, showed a shorter healing time (15-16 days) than the placebo group (21-22 days), with a statistically significant difference (p<0,001, t-test)
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Control
Arnica CH7
Arnica CH30
Staphysagria CH7
Staphysagria CH30Rat
Days for healing
The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria upon the healing time of the surgical incision
The antitrauma effect of the remedy Arnica in laboratory mice
• 40 AKR2 white mice,
• 2 groups of 20 mice: control, Arnica
• Kocher clamp trauma at the level of the posterior limb– fractures
– swelling
– pain = protection of the affected limb, adynamia
• Assesment of the variation of the dorsoplantar diameter
Results• Control group
– Persistent swelling more than 180 minutes– adynamia– Protection of the limb
• Arnica CH7 group– Moderate swelling, gone in less than 105 minutes (p < 0,001)– Good general state– Ability to use the affected limb, even fractured– normal activity
The antitrauma effect of the remedy Arnica in laboratory mice
00,20,40,60,8
11,21,41,61,8
2
0' 15' 30' 45' 60' 75' 90' 105' 120' 135' 150' 165' 180'
Control
Arnica CH 7
mm swelling (average/group)
timpmechanic trauma
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in
laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
• Pilocarpine – parasympathomimetic effect – salivation in mice
• Atropine (Atropa Belladonna) - parasympatholytic effect, blocking of the muscarinic receptors, imposibility for pilocarpine to produce salivation
• Belladonna in homeopatic dilution – does it compensate the atropinic intoxication?
Material and method80 de white mice AKR2 line divided in 4 groups:
1. Assessment of the salivation produced by pilocarpine (administration of pilocarpine).
2. Assessment of the muscarinic receptors blockade by atropine, given pilocarpine (administration of atropine, then pilocarpine).
3. Assessment of supposed compensation of muscarinic blockade of atropine by homeopathic Belladonna CH7 (administration of atropine, then Belladonna CH7, then pilocarpine).
4. Control group, assessment of physiologic salivation (administration of placebo).
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
Material and methodStep 1 – subcutaneous injection of Atropine 0,1%
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
Material and methodStep 2 - Belladonna CH7 given by gastric probe
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
Material and methodStep 3 – tranquilization with ethylic urethan intraperitoneally 1,5 g/kgc
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
Material and methodStep 4 - subcutaneous injection with 1% clorhidric pilocarpine
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
Material and methodThe mice were put on filter paper
The area of salivary impregnation was measured each 10 minutes for 30 minutes
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
ResultsThe physiologic salivation was low, nearly immeasurable on the filter paper – group 4
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
ResultsPilocarpine produces an abundant salivation (known pharmacologic effect), assessed through the saliva spot area on the filter paper – group 1
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
ResultsAtropine given before pilocarpine prevented the salivation, which was very low, nearly immeasurable on the filter paper (known pharmacologic effect) – group 2
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
ResultsIf homeopathic Belladonna CH 7 is given after atropine and before pilocarpine, the abundant salivation is present – group 3
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
ResultsThe variation of salivation in the first 30 minutesin the 4 groups
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0' 10' 20' 30'
lot 1 pilocarpinelot 3 atropine, belladonna CH7, pilocarpinelot 2 atropine, pilocarpinelot 4 physiologic salivation
mm2 saliva spot
time
(p<0,001)
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
Discussions• In mice the homeopathic remedy Belladonna in CH 7 dilution
was able to give the atropinized organism the ability to be stimulated by pilocarpine.
• It is possible, in theory, that the action of the homeopathic remedy Belladonna CH 7 could be one of the following:
– it acted on the muscarinic receptors, determining them to release the atropine molecules and become sensible again to pilocarpine stimulation;
– it acted on the atropine molecules, determining them to release the receptors on which they were bound;
– it acted on cellular level, determining possible alternative ways for the de processing of the stimulus represented by pilocarpine (activation of new receptors, alternative biochemical or neuroendocrine ways)
The compensation of muscarinic blockade provoked by atropine in laboratory animals with the homeopathic remedy Belladonna
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam
on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
• Stricnina (Strychnos nux-vomica L) - adynamia, tonico-clonic convulsions, hypersensitivity to sensorial stimuli, deformation of visual and acoustic perceptions, tachycardia, tachypnea, agitation and finally death.
• Diazepamul, benzodiazepină - tranquilizing, muscle-relaxant, anticonvulsant
• Nux Vomica, Strychnos nux vomica seeds dilutions –used in cases of convulsions, aggravated by external stimuli, agitation, hypersensitivity to stimuli
Material and method
3 groups of 20 white mice - experimental poisoning - intraperitoneal injection of 1,5 mg/kg strychnine
– Group 1 - diazepam 5 mg/kg subcutaneous 1 hour before strychnine
– Group 2 - Nux Vomica CH7 orally by plastic probe immediatelly after strychnine
– Group 3 - control (placebo), physiologic serum subcutaneous, sugar water by plastic probe
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
Material and method• Strychnine poisoning:
– adynamia
– tachycardia
– tachypnea
– agitation
– tonico-clonic convulsions
– death
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
Material and method
We assessedWe assessed::
• The time until convulsionsThe time until convulsions
• The number of animals which had The number of animals which had convulsiconvulsionsons
• The time until deathThe time until death
• The number of animals which diedThe number of animals which died
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
ResultsThe time until convulsionsThe time until convulsions
• 180-390 sec 180-390 sec Placebo groupPlacebo group
• 240-570 sec Diazepam240-570 sec Diazepam group group
• 660-1080 sec 660-1080 sec homeopathic Nux Vomica grouphomeopathic Nux Vomica group
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Placebo
Diazepam
Nux Vomica CH7
seconds until convulsions
Results• Convulsions present 100% in the Convulsions present 100% in the PlaceboPlacebo and and
DiazepamDiazepam group group• 70% 70% of mice had of mice had convulsconvulsions in the ions in the
homeopathic homeopathic Nux Vomica Nux Vomica groupgroup
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
0 5 10 15 20
Nux Vomica CH7
Diazepam
Placebo
convulsions no convulsions
number of mice
Results• Placebo groupPlacebo group micemice died in died in 240-610 sec240-610 sec• DiazepamDiazepam treated mice lived longer, treated mice lived longer, 370-685 sec370-685 sec• Homeopathic Nux Vomica treatedHomeopathic Nux Vomica treated mice showed the mice showed the
longest survivallongest survival, , 605-1150 sec605-1150 sec
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Placebo
Diazepam
Nux Vomica CH7
survival, seconds
Results• All the mice (100%) in the All the mice (100%) in the PlaceboPlacebo and and
DiazepamDiazepam group diedgroup died• HomeopaticHomeopatically ally treated mice withtreated mice with Nux Nux
VomicaVomica died in died in 80%80%
The effect of the homeopathic remedy Nux Vomica compared with Diazepam on the manifestations of strychnine poisoning in laboratory mice
0 5 10 15 20
Nux Vomica CH7
Diazepam
Placebo
died survived
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of the homeopathic remedy Apis
and allopathic anti-inflammatory medicines in experimental acute
inflammation produced by formaldehyde
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of the homeopathic remedy Apis and allopathic anti-inflammatory medicines in experimental acute inflammation produced by formaldehyde
• Formaldehyde – mastocyt reaction - histamine
• Apis - swelling, redness, pain, warmth
• Hydrocortisone Hemisuccinate (HHS) - steroidal anti-inflammatory
• Diclofenac - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
Material and method
• 70 white mice – local swelling in the posterior limb by subcutaneous formaldehyde 0.5%
• Dorsoplantar diameter was measured before formaldehyde and then each 15 minutes
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of the homeopathic remedy Apis and allopathic anti-inflammatory medicines in experimental acute inflammation
produced by formaldehyde
Material and method
7 groups of 10 mice
1. Hydrocortisone Hemisuccinate
2. Diclofenac
3. Apis CH 7
4. Apis CH 15
5. Hydrocortisone Hemisuccinate and Apis CH 7
6. Hydrocortisone Hemisuccinate and Apis CH 15
7. Control group, placebo
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of the homeopathic remedy Apis and allopathic anti-inflammatory medicines in experimental acute inflammation
produced by formaldehyde
Results
• Local signs of inflammation– redness
– swelling
– motor impairment
– agitation
– protection of the limb
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of the homeopathic remedy Apis and allopathic anti-inflammatory medicines in experimental acute inflammation
produced by formaldehyde
ResultsDorsoplantar diameter evolution in time (average values)
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of the homeopathic remedy Apis and allopathic anti-inflammatory medicines in experimental acute inflammation
produced by formaldehyde
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0' 15' 30' 45' 60' 75' 90' 105' 120' 135' 150' 165' 180'
Control - PlaceboDiclofenacHHSApis CH 15HHS + Apis CH 7Apis CH 7HHS + Apis CH 15
mm swelling
timp
formaldehyde, Apis
HHS, Diclofenac
Homeopathic treatment of grade I burns in rats with Apis and Belladonna Material and method
• 3 groups of 10 rats
• Tranquilization with ether
• Immersion of posterior left limb in hot water at 55°C for 20 seconds
Material and method
Treatment by gastric probe:
• Group 1 - placebo as sugar water
• Group 2 - Apis CH 9
• Group 3 - Belladonna CH 9
Material and methodAssessment:
– The number of healed rats each day
– The average number of days necessary for the complete healing for each group
Results
• Apis CH 9 group showed the fastest healing, followed by the Belladonna CH 9 group
• The Placebo group showed the longest healing time
0 1 2 3 4
Apis CH 9
BelladonnaCH 9
Placebo
average, day for healing
Results
• Apis group healed in the days 1-2, with 80% rats in the first day
• Belladonna group healed in the days 1-3
• Placebo group healed in the days 2-4 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Apis CH 9
Belladonna CH 9
Placebo
Conclusions (1/4)
• The homeopathic remedies Arnica and Staphysagria in the dilutions CH 7 and CH 30, given early after surgery, had a significant effect in the reduction of the healing time of the surgical incision in rats
• The homeopathic remedy Arnica CH 7 fights the effects of mechanic trauma in mice if given immediately after trauma
• In mice the homeopathic remedy Belladonna in CH 7 dilution was able to give the atropinized organism the capability to be stimulated by pilocarpine, even if the specific receptors were blocked
Conclusions (2/4)
• Homeopatic Nux Vomica CH7 was significantly more efficient than Diazepam in delaying and even preventing the convulsions in the experimental strychnine poisoning. The time until death was significantly prolonged, some of the mice treated homeopathically surviving the experiment
• The anti-inflammatory effect of the remedy Apis in our experiments had a higher intensity than Hydrocortisone Hemisuccinate and Diclofenac, without being antidoted by them in combinations
• Apis CH 9 wad more efficient than Belladonna CH 9 in the treatment of grade I burns in rats, both being more efficient than placebo
Conclusions (3/4)
In all our experiments, the effect of homeopathic remedies was objectively assessed, reproducible and statistically significant
Homeopathy is different from placeboHomeopathy is different from placebo
Homeopathy acts quickly in acuteHomeopathy acts quickly in acute
Homeopathy can be associated with allopathyHomeopathy can be associated with allopathy
Conclusions (4/4)
Homeopathic research must be extendedHomeopathic research must be extended
C'est la guerre!
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