auxiliary verbs

Maryam arabic academyKanathur

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verb is a verb used in forming the tenses of main

verbs. முக்கியவினைச�ொல்லின்கொலத்னை�க்குறிக்கப் பயன்படும்வினை

ச�ொல்லேல, துனை�வினைச�ொற்கள் (Auxiliary Verbs) என்றுஅனை"க்கப்படுகிறது.

Eg.,I am waiting. நொன்கொத்துக்சகொண்டிருக்கிலேறன்.

Am---auxiliary verb.(துனை�- வினைச�ொல்)

Waiting---main verb.( முக்கியவினைச�ொல்)

Here, Am(the auxiliary verb) gives the tense to the Waiting(Main verb)

why we need auxiliary verbs?

Auxiliary verbs are also called as helping verbs as they are

helping main verbs by giving tenses to main verbs. முக்கியவினை

ச�ொற்களுக்குகொலத்னை�சகொடுப்ப�ொல், அனைவ Helping Verbs(உ�வும்-

வினைச�ொற்கள்) என்றும்அனை"க்கப்படுகிறது.

24 Auxiliary Verbs.

Am,is,are,was,were,do,does,did,have,has,had.-main auxiliary

verbs.

can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,

dare,must,need,ought to,used to.-modal auxiliary verbs.© Noorul Rizwanudeen , Maryam Arabic Academy

Three main auxiliary form of verbs

Be Do Haveamis

arewaswere

doesdodid

hashavehad

Modal verbsModal Auxiliaries [Never Change Form]

Should

ought to

Need to

Used to

Importantmodal auxiliary verbs

The difference between important auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries

Important auxiliary verbs

Modal auxiliary verbs

Change its form according to tenses

Will not Change its form according to tenses.it has only

one form

The Dual Nature of Be, do, and have: They are both stand-alone

verbs and auxiliary verbs. When these verbs are auxiliary, you will

find them teamed with other verbs to complete the verb phrase.

(auxiliary verb + main verb)

Ex:Freddy is studying. பிரெ�ட்டி படித்துக்ரெொண்டிருக்ிறொன்.

Is StudyingIs studying

Three main auxiliary verbs

Auxiliary verbMain verbVerbal phrase

Be Forms of Be

AreWas

Were BeingBeen

Present tense

Past tenseContinuous tense

Singular

Plural

It is used for• Continuous tenses – ச�ொடர் கொலங்கள்

• Passive voice – ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை

• ‘Be’ followed by infinitive is used1. To indicate a plan – �ிட்டத்னை�க்குறிப்ப�ற்கு

2. To denote command – கட்டனை.னையக்குறிப்ப�ற்கு

3. Past tense – கடந்� கொலம்

Be - Functions

All continuous tenses use a form of be.

எல்லொ ச�ொடர்கொலங்ளும்be வினைச்ச�ொல்லில்வரும்.

Ex: He was reading. அவன்படித்துக்

சகொண்டிருந்�ொன்.

Be-Continuous Tenses

PASSIVE VOICE-BE Active voice looks like this: ச�ய்வினை

SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT OBJECT.

Ex: He read The Quran.

அவன்குரொனைப் படித்�ொன்.

Passive voice makes these changes: ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.

DIRECT OBJECT AS SUBJECT + FORM OF BE + PAST

PARTICIPLE + BY + SUBJECT AS OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION.

Ex: The Quran was read by him.

குரொன்அவொல்ஓ�ப்பட்டது.

To indicate a plan or arrangement or agreement:

�ிட்டம், ஒப்பந்�த்னை�க்

குறிப்ப�ற்குஇதுபயன்படும்.

Ex: If Allah wills, I am to see him

tomorrow. அல்லொஹ்

நொடிொல், நொனை.நொன்உன்னைப்பொர்ப்லேபன்.

BE –followed by “to+infinitives”

To denote command:

கட்டனை.னையக்குறிப்ப�ற்குஇதுபயன்படுகிறது.

Ex: you are to memorize The Quran. நீகுரொனைமம்ச�ய்ய லேவண்டும்.

Used in past tense with perfect infinitive to indicate some

plan or arrangement that was not carried out.

கடந்� கொலத்�ில்முடிவுச�ய்யப்படஒருகொரியம், நடக்கொமல்

லேபொொல்அனை�க்குறிக்க perfect infinitive உடன்வந்து

பயன்படும்.

Example: They were to have been married. அவர்கள்

�ிரும�ம்ச�ய்யப்படஇருந்�ொர்கள்.

Forms of DoDoes

Present tense

Past tense

He / She / It

I / We / You / They

The Auxiliary ‘do’ is used to

1. To form negatives and interrogatives of simple

present and simple past tense.

2. To avoid repetitions of main verbs.

3. Emphasize the verb

4. Past tense

FUNCTIONS OF ‘DO’ VERB

1. To form negatives and interrogatives of simple present and simple past tense.

�ொ�ொர�கடந்� கொலம்மற்றும் �ொ�ொர�நிக" கொலத்�ில் லேகள்வி மற்றும்எ�ிர்மனைற

வொக்கியங்க.ில் பயன்படும்.

Interrogatives:

Form of do+ Subject +Main verb..?

Ex: Do you know?

Negatives:

Subject + Negative form of do +….

Ex:I don’t know.

Avoid repetition of main verbs. �ிரும்பத் �ிரும்பவரும்முக்கியவினைச�ொல்னைலத் �விர்க்க பயன்படும்.

Example: Do you like it?

Yes, I do!

To avoid repetition, Instead of using ‘like’ we are using ‘do’.

இங்கு ‘like’ எனும்வினைச�ொல்னைலப் பயன்படுத்துவ�ற்கு

ப�ிலொக ‘do’ எனும் வினைச�ொல் பயன்படுத்�ப்படும்.

Emphasizing an action.

வினைனையவலியுறுத்தும்லேபொது

பயன்படுகிறது.

Subject + form of do + Main verb

EX:I do know- எக்குநிச்�யமொக ச�ரியும்.

‘do’ makes a request or invitation more persuasive

‘do’ லேகொரிக்னைகஅல்லதுஅனை"ப்னைபவலினைமச�ய்கிறது.

Ex: do come! வொ!

Forms of Havehas

have had

He / She / It

I / we / you / they

Past tense

Present tense

Form perfect tenses in all tenses.

எல்லொ கொலங்க.ிலும்உள்.

முற்றுப்சபற்ற கொலத்�ில்அனைமயும்.

Ex: He has worked. அவன்

லேவனைலபொர்த்துள்.ொன்.

Functions of have

‘have to’ is used with the infinitive to indicate obligation in the present tense.

‘நிகழ்கொலத்�ில் have to’ எனும்வடிவில் the infinitive உடன்வந்துகடனைமனையக்

குறிக்க பயன்படும்.

Ex:I have to study. நொன்படிக்க லேவண்டும்.

‘had to’ is used with the infinitive to indicate obligation in the past tense.

கடந்� கொலத்�ில் ‘had to’ எனும்வடிவில் the infinitive உடன்வந்து

கடனைமனையக்குறிக்க பயன்படும்.

Ex:I had to study. நொன் படித்�ிருக்க லேவண்டும்.

Functions of have

‘have to’ and ‘had to’ is used with ‘do’ verb

in negatives and Questions.

லேகள்வி மற்றும் எ�ிர்மனைறவொக்கியங்க.ில் ‘have to’

மற்றும் ‘had to’ லேபொன்றவடிவங்க.ில் பயன்படும்.

Ex: Do they have to go?- அவர்கள்

லேபொக லேவண்டுமொ?

Functions of have

Modal auxiliary verbsModal Auxiliaries [Never Change Form]

Should

ought to

Need to

Used to© Noorul Rizwanudeen , Maryam Arabic Academy

Important modal auxiliary verbs

Modal auxiliary verbs never change form. You cannot add an ed, ing, or s ending to these words. They have only one form.

Modal auxiliary verbs

With modal auxiliaries, you can indicate necessity or obligation: லே�னைவனையயும் , கடனைமஉ�ர்ச்�ினையயும்சுட்டிக்கொட்ட பயன்படுகிறது.

Should-you should come- நீவர லேவண்டும்.

Ought to-you ought to come.- நீவர லேவண்டும்.

Must – you must come. - நீவர லேவண்டும்.

Need to - you need to come. - நீவரத் லே�னைவயுள்.வொக

இருக்கிறொய்.

Necessity or obligation-modal verbs

Possibility : modal verbs. Used to indicate the possibility. �ொத்�ியக்கூற்றினைகுறிக்கவும்இதுபயன்படுகிறது.

Might –

Ex: If Allah wills, I might come tomorrow அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல் நொன்நொனை.வரலொம்

Would-

Ex: If Allah wills, I would come tomorrow அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல் நொன்நொனை.வரலொம்

Could –

Ex: If Allah wills, I could come tomorrow அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல் நொன்நொனை.வரலொம்

willingness or ability:modal verbs

Used to indicate the willingness or ability. விருப்பத்னை�யும் , முடியும்என்பனை�யும் குறிக்கவும்

இதுபயன்படுகிறது.

Can –

Ex: If Allah wills, I can come tomorrow அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல் நொன்நொனை.வருலேவன்.

Will -

Ex: If Allah wills, I will come tomorrow அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல் நொன்நொனை.க�டிப்பொகவருலேவன்.

Shall-

Ex: If Allah wills, I shall come tomorrow

அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல் நொன்நொனை.க�டிப்பொகவருலேவன்.

Modal verbsCan May Shall Will Dare Must Need Ought to Used toCan May Shall Will Dare must Need to Ought to Used to

Could Might Should Would No past verb

Am I +am

Singular © Noorul Rizwanudeen , Maryam Arabic Academy

I+Am Used to say our Name.

நம்முனைடயசபயனைரக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

I +am+name

Eg.,I am Basir. நொன்பஷீர்.(அல்லது) என்னுனைடயசபயர் பஷீர்.

Used to say our position. நம்முனைடயநினைலனையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

I +am+position

Eg.,I am a Teacher. நொன்ஆ�ிரியர்.

I + am Used in Present continuous Tense.( நிகழ்கொலச�ொடர்வினை)

I + am + Present Verb + ing ( நிகழ்கொலச�ொடர்வினை)

Eg.,I am giving. நொன்சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்டுஇருக்கிலேறன்.

Used with Adjectives( சபயர்ச�ொல்னைல�ிறப்பிக்கும்ச�ொல்) as

“be”

I + am + Adjective.( சபயர்ச�ொல்னைல�ிறப்பிக்கும்ச�ொல்)

Eg.,I am good. நொன்நலமுடன்இருக்கிலேறன்.

I + am Used in passive voice.( ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

1. Simple Present Passive Voice.( �ொ�ொர�நிகழ்கொலச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

I + am + past participle.

Eg.,I am given. நொன்சகொடுக்கப்படுகிலேறன்.

2. Present Continous Passive Voice. ( நிகழ்கொலச�ொடர் ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

I + am +being+ past participle. ( நிகழ்கொல சபயசரச்�ம்)

Eg.,I am being given. நொன்சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக்சகொண்டுஇருக்கிலேறன்.

I + am Used to denote Certainity in future.

எ�ிர்கொலத்�ில் கட்டொயம் நிக"இருக்கும் �ம்பவத்னை�க்

குறிக்கும்.

I+am+going+to+present verb.( நிகழ்கொலவினை)

Eg.,I am going to give. நொன்சகொடுக்கப்

லேபொகிலேறன்.

I + am Used with to + infinitive.(வினைசயச்�ம்)

I +am + to + present verb( நிகழ்கொலவினை)

Eg., I am to give. நொன்சகொடுக்கஇருக்கிலேறன்.

Used as passive voice with ‘to+infinitive(வினைசயச்�ம்)’

I +am+ to + be + past participle verb( கடந்� கொல சபயசரச்�ம்)

Eg.,I am to be given. நொன்சகொடுக்கப்படுபவொகஇருப்லேபன்.

I + am Used with adjectives to denote the certainity.

Adjective எனும்குறிப்புப் சபயர் ச�ொல்லுடன் வந்து

எ�ிர்கொலத்�ில்உறு�ியொக நடக்கும் கொரியத்னை�க்குறிக்கும்.

I +am+ to + be +Adjective( சபயர்ச�ொல்னைலக்குறிக்கும்ச�ொல்)

Eg.,I am to be happy.

நொன்�ந்லே�ொ�மொகஇருப்லேபன்..

Am is Used I +am+ Exampleto indicate Name I +am+name Ex:i am basir

to indicate Position I +am+position Ex:i am teacher

With Present continous tense i+am+present verb+ing Ex:i am waiting

With adjectives as ‘be’verb I +am+Adjective Ex:i am happy.

In passive voice1)Simple present passive voice2)Present continous passive voice

1)I +am+past participle2)I +am +being+past participle

1)Ex:i am given2)Ex:i am being given

to indicate certainity in future I +am+going +to+present verb Ex:i am going to give.

With “to+infinitive” I +am+to+present verb Ex:i am to give

With “to+infinitive” in passive voice

I +am+to+be+past participle Ex:i am to be given

with Adjectives to denote certainity

I+am+to+be+ adjective Ex:i am to be happy.

Is He / She / It + is

Is Used to say other’s Name.

பிறரின் சபயனைரக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

He/she/it + is +Name.

Eg.,He is rizwanudeen. இவன்ரிழ்வொனுதீன் (அல்லது) இவன்சபயர் ரிழ்வொனுதீன்.

Used to say position. நினைலனையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

He + is + Position.

Eg.,He is a Teacher. இவர்ஆ�ிரியரொகஇருக்கிறொர்.

Is Used in Present continous Tense.

He /she/it/kannan+ is + present Verb + ing.

Eg.,he is giving. அவன்சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்டுஇருக்கிறொன்.

Used with Adjectives ( சபயர்ச�ொல்னைலக்குறிக்கும்ச�ொல்) as “be”

He /she/it/kannan +is +Adjective.

Eg.,He is good. அவன்நலமுடன்உள்.ொன்.

Is Used in passive voice.( ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

He /she/it/kannan + is + present participle

Eg.,The book is given.புத்�கம் சகொடுக்கப்படுகிறது.

2. Present Continous Passive Voice.( நிகழ்கொலச�ொடர் ச�யப்பொட்டு

வினை)

He /she/it/kannan + is + being +present participle.

Eg.,The Book is being given.புத்�கம் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக்சகொண்டுஇருக்கிறது.

Is Used to denote Certainity in future.

எ�ிர்கொலத்�ில் கட்டொயம் நிக"இருக்கும் �ம்பவத்னை�க்குறிக்கும்.

He/she/it/kannan+is+going+to+present verb.

Eg.,He is going to give. அவன்சகொடுக்கப் லேபொகிறொன்.

Used with to + infinitive.(வினைசயச்�ம்)

He/she/it/kannan+is+to+Present verb( நிகழ்கொலவினை)

Eg., He is to give. அவன்சகொடுக்கஇருக்கிறொன்

Is Used as passive voice ( ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)with ‘to+infinite’

He/she/it/+is+to+be+past participle verb.

Eg., He/she/it/kannan is to be given. அவன்சகொடுக்கப்படஇருக்கிறொன்.

Used with adjectives to denote the certainity.

Adjective ( சபயர்ச�ொல்னைலக்குறிக்கும் ச�ொல்) உடன் வந்துஎ�ிர்கொலத்�ில்உறு�ியொக நடக்கும்

கொரியத்னை�க்குறிக்கும்.

He/she/it/kannan +is+to+be+Adjective.

Eg.,He is to be happy. அவன்�ந்லே�ொ�மொகஇருப்பொன்.

Is was Used He+is Exampleto indicate Name He+is+name Ex:He is basir

to indicate Position He+is+position Ex:He is Teacher

With Present continous tense

He+is+present verb+ing Ex:He is waiting

With adjectives as ‘be’verb

He+is+Adjective Ex:He is happy.

In passive voice1)sppv2)pcpv

1) He+is +present participle 2) He+is+being+pesent participle

1)Ex:he is given2)Ex:he is being given

to indicate certainity in future

He+is+going +to+present verb Ex:he is going to give.

With “to+infinitive” He+is+to+present verb Ex:he is to give

He+is+to+be+past participle Ex:he is to be given

He+is+to+be+ adjective Ex:he is to be happy.

Am IsI +am He/she/it + is‘Be’verb ‘Be’verbIt indicates First person

It indicates Third person

Present verb Present verbSingular SingularEx: I am waiting.

Ex: He is waiting.

Used to say position. நினைலனையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+Position

Eg.,We are Teachers. நொம்ஆ�ிரியர்கள்

Used in Present continous Tense. ( நிகழ்கொலச�ொடர்வினை.)

We/you/they/kannan and radha + are + Present verb + ing.

Eg.,They are giving. அவர்கள்சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்டுஇருக்கிறொர்கள்.

Are Used with Adjectives as “be”

We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+Adjective

Eg.,They are good. அவர்கள்நலமுடன்உள்.ொர்கள்.

Used in passive voice. ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை

We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+Past Participle.

Eg.,We are given. நொம்சகொடுக்கப்படுகிலேறொம்.

2. Present Continous Passive Voice.( நிகழ்கொலச�ொடர் ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+being+Past Participle.

We are being given. நொம்சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக்சகொண்டுவருகிலேறொம்.

Are Used to denote Certainity in future.

எ�ிர்கொலத்�ில்உறு�ியொக நடக்கஇருக்கும்கொரியத்னை�க்குறிக்கும்.

you/we/He/she/it/they+are+going+to+present verb.

Eg.,They are going to give. அவர்கள்சகொடுக்கப் லேபொகிறொர்கள்.

Used with to + infinitive.(வினைசயச்�ம்)

you/we/He/she/it/they+are+to+present verb

Eg., They are to give. அவர்கள்சகொடுக்கஇருக்கிறொர்கள்.

Are Used with adjectives to denote the certainity.

Adjective- உடன்வந்துஎ�ிர்கொலத்�ில்உறு�ியொக நடக்கும்கொரியத்னை�க்குறிக்கும்.

We /you/they/basir +are+to+be+adjective.

Eg.,They are to be given.

அவர்கள்சகொடுக்கப்படஇருக்கிறொர்கள்.

Used as passive voice ( ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை) with ‘to+infinitive’

you/we/He/she/it/they+are+to+be+given

Eg., They are to be given. அவர்கள்சகொடுக்கப்படஇருக்கிறொர்கள்.

Used You/we/they+are Exampleto indicate Position You/we/they+are+position You/we/they are Teachers

With Present continous tense

You/we/they+are +present verb+ing You/we/they are waiting

With adjectives as ‘be’verb

You/we/they+are+Adjective You/we/they are happy.

In passive voice1)sppv2)pcpv

1) You/we/they+are+present participle 2) You/we/they+are+being+present participle

1)he is given2)he is being given

to indicate certainity in future

You/we/they+are+going +to+present verb You/we/they are going to give.

With “to+infinitive” You/we/they+are +to+present verb You/we/they+are to give

You/we/they+are+to+be+ adjective You/we/they+are to be happy.

You/we/they+are+to+be+past participle You/we/they+are to be given

Am Is AreI +am He/she/it +is You/we/they +areFirst person Second

personSecond person/third person

Present verb Present verb Present verb‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verbEx:I am waiting

Ex:He is waiting

Ex:you are waiting

Was I+He+She+It + was

Was Our past position

நம்முனைடயமுந்னை�யநினைலனையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

I/He/She/It/kannan/radha /cat+ was + Position.

Eg.,I was a student. நொன்மொ�வொகஇருக்கிலேறன்.

Used in Past Continous tense. ( கடந்�கொலச�ொடர் வினை.)

I/He/She/It/kannan/radha+ was + Present verb+ing

Eg.,I was giving. நொன்சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்டுஇருந்லே�ன்.

Used with Adjectives as a “be”verb.

I/He/She/It/kannan/radha /cat+ was + Adjectives.

Eg.,I was good. நொன்நலமுடன்இருந்லே�ன்.

Was Used in Passive voice. ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.

1. Simple Past Passive Voice.( �ொ�ொர�கடந்�கொல ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.)

I/He/She/It/kannan/radha/cat+ was + present participle.

Eg.,I was given. நொன்சகொடுக்கப்பட்லேடன்.

2. Past Continous Passive Voice.( கடந்�கொலச�ொடர் ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

I/He/She/It/kannan/radha/cat + was + being +present participle.

Eg.,I was being given. நொன்சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுசகொண்டிருந்லே�ன்.

Used with ‘to+infinitive’(வினைசயச்�ம்)

I /he/she/it/kannan/radha/cat + was + to + present verb

Eg.,I was to give. நொன்சகொடுக்கஇருந்லே�ன்.

Used He/she/it+was+ ExampleTo indicate past position He/she/it+was+position He/she/it was doctor

In past continous tense. He/she/it+was+past continous verb He/she/it was giving.

With adjectives as “be”verb He/she/it+was+adjective He/she/it was happy.

In passive voice1. Simple past passive voice2. Past continous passive

1. I/He/She/It + was + present participle.

2. I/He/She/It + was +being+ present participle.

1. I/He/She/It was given.

2. I/he/She/It was being given.

With “to+infinitive” I /he/she/it+ was + to + present verb I /he/she/it was to give.

Am Is Are WasI +am He/she/it +is we/you/they +are I /he/she/it +was

Singular Singular Plural Singular

Present Present Present Past

‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb

First person Third person Second person/third person First person/third person

Ex:I am waiting

Ex:he/she/it is waiting

Ex:you/we/they are waiting Ex:i/he/she/it was waiting

WereWe/you/they/kannan/radha/cat/kannan and radha/cat and dog+

Were Used to denote past position in plural form. பன்னைமயில் கடந்� கொலத்�ின்நினைலனையக்குறிக்கும்.

We/you/they/kannan and radha/cat and dog +were+position

Eg.,we were doctors. நொங்கள்மருத்துவர்க.ொகஇருந்லே�ொம்.

Used in past continous tense. கடந்�கொலச�ொடர் வினை

We+were+present verb( நிகழ்கொலவினை)

Eg., We were giving. நொங்கள்சகொடுத்துவந்லே�ொம்.

Used with adjectives as “be” verb.

We + were + Adjective

Eg.,People were bad. மக்கள்சகட்டவர்க.ொகஇருந்�ொர்கள்.

Were Used as passive voice ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.

1. Simple Past Passive Voice( �ொ�ொர�கடந்�கொலச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.)

We/you/they/kannan/radha/cat/kannan and radha/cat and dog+ were +present participle

Eg.,we were given. நொம்சகொடுக்கப்பட்லேடொம்.

2. Past Continous Passive Voice.( கடந்�கொலச�ொடர் ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

We/you/they/kannan/radha/cat/kannan and radha/cat and dog+ were +being +present participle

Eg.,we were being given. நொம் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக் சகொண்டுஇருந்லே�ொம்.

Used with “to + infinite”

We/you/they + were +to +present verb

Eg.,we were to give. நொம்சகொடுக்கப்படஇருந்லே�ொம்.

Used We/you/they +were ExampleTo indicate position

We/you/they +were +position We/you/they were doctors

In past continous tense

We/you/they +were +present continous verb

We/you/they were giving

With adjectives as “be”verb

We/you/they + were + adjective We/you/they were good

As a passive voice1. Simple past

passive voice2. Past continous

passive voice

1. We/you/they +were + present participle

2. We/you/they +were+being+present participle

1. We/you/they were given2. We/you/they were being

With “to+infinitive” We/you/they were+to+present verb We/you/they were to give

Am Is Are Was Were

‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb

Present Present Present Past Past

I +am He/she/it +is

we/you/ they+are

i/he/she/it +was We/you/they+were

Singular Singular Plural Singular Plural

Ex:I am waiting

He/she/it is waiting

You/we/they are waiting

I/he/she/it was waiting

We/you/they were waiting

Do I /we/you/they + do

Do Used as Auxiliary verb as well as present verb. இதுதுனை�-

வினைச�ொல்லொக(Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி நிகழ்கொலவினைச�ொல்லொகவும்(present verb)

1. I do- நொன்ச�ய்கிலேறன்.

2. Do I do?- நொன்ச�ய்கிலேறொ?

3. I do not do- நொன்ச�ய்வதுஇல்னைல.

4. I do - நொன்கண்டிப்பொக ச�ய்கிலேறன்.

5. Don’t I do? (OR) Do I not do?- நொன்ச�ய்யவில்னைலயொ?

Do Used as following.

Do’s(n)-ச�ய்யத்�க்கனைவ

Don’ts(n)-ச�ய்யத்�கொ�னைவ

Do up(v)-அலங்கரி, சுத்�ம்ச�ய்

Do out(v)- ஒழுங்குபடுத்�ினைவ

Do over again(v)- மறுமுனைறச�ய்

Do over(v)- இரண்டொம்முனைறமூடு.

Have to do with(v)- ச�ொடர்பு சகொள்; உறவுசகொள்

Have done with(v)-விட்டுவிடு, நீக்கி விடு.

Can’t do without- இல்லொமல்ஒன்றும்ச�ய்யமுடியொது.

Do away with-அ"ித்துவிடு, நீக்கி விடு

Am Is Are Was Were Do

‘be’verb

‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘do’verb

Present Present Present Past Past Present

I +am He/she/it +is

we/you/ they+are

i/he/she/it +was

We/you/they+were i/we/ you/they+do

Singular

Plural Singular Plural Singular/plural

Ex:I am waiting

He is waiting

You are waiting

He was waiting

They were waiting I do wait

Does He/she/it + does

does Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as present verb. இதுதுனை�-

வினைச�ொல்லொக(Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி நிகழ்- கொலவினைச�ொல்லொகவும்(present verb)

1. He does.- அவன்ச�ய்கிறொன்.

2. Does he do?- அவன்ச�ய்கிறொொ?.

3. He does not do- அவன்ச�ய்கிறதுஇல்னைல.

4. He does ?- அவன்கண்டிப்பொக ச�ய்கிறொன்.

5. Doesn’t he do?

Does he not do? - அவன்ச�ய்கிறதுஇல்னைலயொ?

Do Does‘do’verb ‘do’verb

I /we/you/they do He/she/it does

Singular/plural Singular

Present Present

Ex:I /we/you/they do wait He/she/it does waits

Am Is Are Was Were Do DoesI +am He/

she/it+is

We/ you/ they+ are

i/he/ she/it +was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it +does

Singular

Present

Present Past Past Present Present

‘be’verb

‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘Do’verb Do’verb

Ex:I am waiting

I /he/she/it was waiting

I /we/you/they do wait

He/she/does wait

I /we/you/they/he/she/it + did

I /we/you/they/he/she + did

Did Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as past verb. இதுதுனை�-வினைச�ொல்லொக(Auxiliary

verb ) மட்டுமின்றி கடந்�- கொலவினைச�ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.

1. I did- நொன்ச�ய்லே�ன்.

2. Did I do- நொன்ச�ய்லே�ொ?

3. I did not do- நொன்ச�ய்யவில்னைல.

4. I did - நொன்ச�ய்லே�ன்.

5. Didn’t I do? (Or)

Did I not do? - நொன்ச�ய்யமொட்லேடொ?

Do Does Did‘do’verb ‘do’verb ‘do’verb

I /we/you/they do He/she/it does I /we/you/they/he/she did

Singular/plural Singular Singular/plural

Present Present Past

Ex:I /we/you/they do He/she/it does wait I /we/you/they/he/she did wait

Am Is Are Was Were Do Does DidI +am

He/she/it+is

We/ you/ they+ are

i/he/ she/it +was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it +does

I /we/you/they/he/she/it +did

Singular

Singular/plural

Present

Present Past Past Present Present

‘be’verb

‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘Do’verb Do’verb

‘do’verb

Ex:I am waiting

He/she/does wait

I /we/you/they/he/she/it did waited

I / we/you/they + have + noun

Have Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as present verb. இதுதுனை�- வினைச�ொல்லொக

(Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி, கடந்�- கொலவினைச�ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.

Used as a main verb( முக்கியவினைச�ொல்) to indicate the

possessiveness(உனைடனைம).

Ex: I have a car. நொன்கொர்னைவத்�ிருக்கிலேறன்.

Used as a auxiliary verb in present perfect tense.( நிகழ்கொலமுற்றுப்சபற்ற

கொலம்)

I / we/you/they + have + past participle

Ex: I have given. நொன்சகொடுத்துஇருக்கிலேறன்.

Have Used to indicate our Sense of duty( கடனைமஉ�ர்ச்�ி).

I / we/you/they + have to + present verb

Ex: I have to study நொன் படிக்க லேவண்டும்.

Used as passive voice ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை

I / we/you/they + have +been+ present participle

Ex: books have been given புத்�கங்கள்சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுஇருக்கின்றது.

Have Used in questions and Negative Sentence ( லேகள்வி மற்றும் எ�ிர்மனைறவொக்கியங்கள்)

1)have you brothers?(or)do you have brothers?

உக்கு �லேகொ�ரர்கள்இருக்கிறொர்க.ொ?

2) You haven’t brothers(or)You don’t have brothers.

எக்கு�லேகொ�ரர்கள்இல்னைல.

3)Have you breakfast? (or) Do you have breakfast?

நீங்கள்�ொப்பிட்டீர்க.ொ?

4)You haven’t breakfast(or)you don’t have breakfast

நீங்கள்�ொப்பிடவில்னைல.

Used I / we/you/they+have Example

As auxiliary verb as well as present verb

I / we/you/they + have +noun I have a car.

As auxiliary verb in present perfect tense

I / we/you/they + have + past participle I have given.

to indicate our Sense of duty

I / we/you/they + have to + present verb I have to study

Used as present perfect passive voice

I / we/you/they + have +been+ present participle

books have been given

Used in questions and Negative Sentence

do you have brothers?

Am Is Are Was Were Do Does Did Have

He/she/it+is

We/you/they+ are

i/he/ she/it +was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

I /we /you/they/he/ she/ it + did

I / we/you/ they+have+ noun

Singular

Plural Singular

Plural Singular/plural

Singular

Singular/ plural

Present

Past Past Present Present

Past Present

‘Be’verb

‘Be’verb ‘do’verb ‘do’verb

‘Do’verb

‘have’verb

I am waiting

We/you/they are waiting

i /we/you/they do wait

He/she/it does wait

i /we/you/they/he/she/it did waited

i /we/you/they have wait

He/she/it + has

Has Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as present verb. இதுதுனை�-

வினைச�ொல்லொக (Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி கடந்�- கொல

வினைச�ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.

• Used in present perfect tense ( நிகழ்கொலமுற்றுப்சபற்ற கொலம்)as

auxiliary verb.

He/she/it + has + past participle verb.

Ex:he has given. அவன்சகொடுத்துஇருக்கிறொன்.

Has Used as “has+to” to indicate the sense of duty( கடனைமஉ�ர்ச்�ி)

He /she/it/kannan/ radha+has to+present verb

Ex:he has to study.- அவன்படிக்க லேவண்டும்.

• Used as present perfect passive voice( ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

He /she/it/kannan and radha+has +been+present verb

Ex:Books has been given.- அவன்படிக்க லேவண்டும்.

Has • Used as a Questions and Negative sentence( லேகள்வி மற்றும்

எ�ிர்மனைறவொக்கியம்)

Example:

1. Has she brother?(or)Does she have brothers? இவளுக்கு�லேகொ�ரர்

இருக்கிறொரொ?

2. She hasn’t brothers(or)she does not have brothers

3. Has she breakfast?(or)Does she have breakfast?

4. She hasn’t breakfast(or)she does not have breakfast.

Used He/she/it+has ExampleAs auxiliary verb as well as present verb

He/she/it+has+noun He has a car.

in present perfect tense He/she/it + has + past participle verb. He has given

to indicate the sense of duty He /she/it/kannan/ radha+has to+present verb

He has to come

as a Questions and negative sentence

Has she come?

as present perfect passive voice He /she/it/kannan/ radha+has +been+past participle

Books has been given

Have Has‘have’verb ‘have’verb

I /we/you/they + have He/she/it +has

Present verb Present verb

Am Is Are Was Were Do Does

Did Have Has

I +am He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

I / we/you/ they + have + noun

He/she/it+has

Present

Past Past Present

Present

Past Present Present

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘have’verb

Ex:I am waiting

You/we/they are waiting

He/she/it does wait

I /we/you/they/he/she/it did wait

I / we/you/ they have been waiting

He/she/it has to wait

Had I / we /you /they/he/she/it +had

Had Used as a past tense as well as a auxiliary verb. இது

துனை�- வினைச�ொல்லொக (Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி

கடந்�- கொலவினைச�ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.

Used as a main verb( முக்கியவினைச�ொல்) to indicate the

possessiveness.(உனைடனைம)

Ex: he had a pen. அவன்ஒருலேபொனைவத்�ிருக்கிறொன்.

Had Used as a auxiliary verb in past perfect tense- நிகழ்கொலமுற்றுப்சபற்ற

கொலம்

I / we /you /they/he/she/it/ basir and mohamed + had + past participle verb.

Ex: I had given. நொன்சகொடுத்துஇருந்லே�ன்.

Used to denote sense of duty in past tense( கடனைமஉ�ர்ச்�ினையக்கடந்�

கொலத்�ில்குறிக்கும்.)

I / we /you /they/he/she/it/basir and mohamed +had + to+present verb

Ex: I had to work. நொன்படித்�ிருக்க லேவண்டும்.

Had Used as a passive voice( ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை)

I / we /you /they/he/she/it/ basir and mohamed + had +been+ past participle verb.

Ex: books had been given. புத்�கங்கள்சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுஇருந்�து.

Used as questions and negative sentences. லேகள்விகள்மற்றும் எ�ிர்மனைற

வொக்கியங்க.ொக பயன்படும்.

EX: Had you brothers?(or)Did you have brothers?

உக்கு �லேகொ�ரர்கள்இருந்�ொர்க.ொ?

You hadn’t Brother.(or)You did not have brothers.

உக்கு �லேகொ�ரர்கள்இருக்கவில்னைல

Have Has Had‘Have’verb ‘Have’ verb ‘have’verb

I /we/you/they He/she/it I /we/you/they/He/she/it

Present Present Past

Ex:I/we/you/ they have given

He/she/it has given I /we/you/they/He/she/it had given

Did Have Has had

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+had

Present

Past Past Present

Present

Past Present Present Past

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘have’verb

‘have’ verb

CAN present past Past participle Present partciple

can canned canned canning

Can Noun: bottle,டப்பொ Verb: டப்பொவில்அனைடத்துமூடு

Adjective: டப்பொவில்அனைடத்துமூடப்பட்ட,

1)Used to denote Ability. முடியும் என்றஅர்த்�த்�ில்வரும்(Past tense of Can was “Could”)

Ex: I can do. என்ொல்முடியும்.

2) Used to denote Permission. அனும�ினையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

i/we/you/they/basir + can + present verb

Ex: Student: Can I go? நொன் லேபொகவொ?

Teacher: You can go. நீ லேபொகலொம்

Can 3)Used to denote certainity. உறு�ினையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

I + can’t +help + present verb + ing+ noun

Ex: I can’t Help Speaking English. ஆங்கிலம் லேப�ொமல் என்ொல்இருக்க

முடியொது.

4)Used with adjectives and nouns.

i/we/you/they/basir + can +be+adjective/noun.

Ex: I can be a doctor. என்ொல்மருத்துவரொகஇருக்கமுடியும்.

Did Have Has Had can

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+can

Present

Past Past Present

Present

Past Present Present Past Present

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘have’verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

Could Used in all tenses.

Could-Present tense. Used to denote permission.

அனும�ினையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

Could + I/we/you/they/he/she/it+present verb

Ex: Student: Could I come? நொன்வரலொமொ?

• Is used to indicate the action that didn’t took in the past. கடந்� கொலத்�ில் நடக்கொ�ச�யனைலக்குறிக்க பயன்படுகிறது.

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + could + present verb.

Ex: I could come yesterday. நொன்லேநற்றுவந்�ிருக்கமுடியும்.

Could-Past tense Used to indicate the action that does not

tooks place in the past. கடந்� கொலத்�ில் நடக்கொ�ஒருச�யனைலக்குறிக்கப்

I /we/you/they/kannan and

radha/he/she/it/kannan/radha+could+present verb

Ex: I could come yesterday. நொன் லேநற்றுவந்�ிருக்கலொம்.

Could-Future tense. Is used to indicate the action that will not takes

place in future. எ�ிர்கொலத்�ில் நடக்கொ� ச�யனைலக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+could+present verb

Ex:I could come tomorrow. நொன் நொனை.வருலேவன்.(90%)

Could To indicate the ability. இயலும்

என்பனை�க்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/

it+could+present verb

Ex: I could swim- என்ொல் நீந்�முடியும்.

Could Used with adjectives and nouns.

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+could+be+noun/Adjective

Ex:I could be doctor- என்ொல்மருத்துவரொகஇருக்கஇயலும்.

I could be happy.- நொன் �ந்லே�ொ�மொகஇருக்கமுடியும்.

Used as “could have” to indicate any action that didn’t took place. கடந்�

கொலத்�ில் நடக்கொ� கொரியத்னை�க்குறிக்க “could have” எனும்வடிவில்

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + could have+ past participle

Ex:I could have done.- என்ொல்ச�ய்துஇருந்துஇருக்கமுடியும்.

Used I /we/you/they/he/she/it+could Example

As present tense to indicate permission

Could + I/we/you/they/he/she/it + present verb?

Could I/we/you/they/he/she/it come?

As past tense to indicate any event that does not tooks place

I /we/you/they/kannan and radha/he/she/it+could+ present verb

I/we/you/they/he/she/it could swim

As future tense to indicate any action that will not takes place in future.

I/we/you/they/he/she/it+could+present verb+

I could come tomorrow.

To indicate the ability I/we/you/they/he/she/it+ could+present verb

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it could swim

With adjectives and nouns I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+could+be+noun/Adjective

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it could be happy

As “could+have” I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + could have+ past participle

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it could have given

Can CouldIts past verb was could Eventhough it was past verb it was used in all tenses.

I /we/you/they/he/she/it I /we/you/they/he/she/it

Used to denote permissionEx: can I go?

Used to denote permissionEx:could I go?

Used to denote abilityEx:I/we/you/they/he/she/it can do

Used to denote abilityEx:I/we/you/they/he/she/it could do

Used with adjectives and nounsEx:I can be happy

Used with adjectives and nounsEx:I could be happy

Am Is Are Was

Do Does

Did Have Has Had can could

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+could

Present

Past Present

Present

Past Present

Present

Past Present

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘have’verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘Can’verb

May Used to denote the permission(அனும�ி)

May + I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + present verb?

Ex: may I come?- நொன்வரலொமொ?

To denote the doubt. �ந்லே�கத்னை�க்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

I /we/you/they/baseer/he/she/it + may + present verb

Ex: if god wills,I may come tomorrow. இனைறவன்நொடிொல்

நொன்நொனை.வரலொம்.

May To recite the duas or any devotional speech and blessings of

any other religion. இனைறவிடம்னைகலேயந்தும்லேபொதும், பிற ம�த்�ிர்

கடவு.ின்சபயரொல் பிறனைரஆ�ிர்வ�ிக்கும்லேபொதுஇதுபயன்படும்.

Ex: May Allaah bless you. இனைறவன்உக்குஅருள்புரிவொொக

Used with adjectives and nouns

I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + may + be + adjective/noun

Ex: you may be a teacher. நீஆ�ிரியரொகஇருக்கலொம்

Used May +I ExampleTo denote permission

May+I/we/you/they/he/she/it+present verb? May I come?

To denote doubt I/we/you/they/he/she/it+may+presnt verb I may come.

To wish other’s in the name of god

May Allaah bless you.

Use with adjectives and nouns

I/we/you/they/he/she/it+may+be+adjective/ noun I may be a doctor.

May Can Could Present verb Present verb Past verbUsed to denote permissionEx:may I come?

Used to denote permissionEx:can I come?

Used to denote permissionEx:could I come?

Used to denote doubtEx:I may come tomorrow

Used to denote the event that will not takes place in future.Ex:I could come tomorrow

Used with adjectives and nounsEx:I may be happy

Used with adjectives and nounsEx:I can be happy

Used with adjectives and nounsEx:I could be happy

Am Is Are Was

Do Does

Did Have Has Had can could May

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+could

Present

Past Present

Present

Past Present

Present

Past Present past Present verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

May’ verb

Might Past verb( கடந்� கொலவினைச�ொல்) and past participle( கடந்� கொல

சபயசரச்�ம்) of ‘may’verb.

Ex: might-Strength(பலம்)

Ex: mighty-பலமுள்.,வல்லனைமயுள்.

Adverb:

Ex: mightly- மிகஅ�ிகமொக

Might Used to denote more obedience( அ�ிகப் ப�ிவு)

Might+i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+present verb?

Ex: Might I come? நொன்வரலொமொ?

Used to denote more doubt.(அ�ிக �ந்லே�கம் )

i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+Might+present verb

Ex: I might come tomorrow. நொனை.நொன்வரலொம்

Might Used with adjectives and nouns.

i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+Might + be +noun/adjective

Ex:I might be an officer. நொன்ஒருஅ�ிகொரியொகஇருக்கலொம்.

Used as “might+have” to indicate any event tat didn’t took place in the

past. கடந்� கொலத்�ில் நடக்கொ�ஒருச�யனைலக்குறிக்க “might+have”

எனும்வடிவில் பயன்படும்.

i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+Might+have+past participle

I might have given. நொன்�ந்�ிருக்கலொம்

May Might‘May’verb ‘May’verb

Its past verb was might Though it was past tense,it was used in all tenses.

Used to denote permissionEx:may I come?

Used to denote more obedienceEx:might I come?

Used to denote doubtEx:I may come tomorrow

Used to denote more doubtEx:I might come tomorrow

Used with adjectives and nounsEx:I may be happy

Used with adjectives and nounsEx:I might be happy

Might CouldPast verb of “may” Past verb of “can”

Used as”might+have” to denote some event that was not happened in past

Used as”could+have” to denote some event that was not happened in past

Ex:I might have done Ex:I could have done

May Might Can Could‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘can’verb ‘can’verb

Present verb Past verb Present verb Past verb

Used with adjective and nounEx:I may be happy

Used with adjective and nounEx:I might be happy

Used with adjective and nounEx:I can be happy

Used with adjective and nounEx:I may be happy

Am Is Are

Do Does

Did Have Has Had can could May Might

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+ had

I / we/you/ they/He/she/ it+could

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+may

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+might

Present

Past Present

Present

Past Present

Present

Past Present

past Present verb

Past verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

Shall Used only for I and we.

but practically we are not using Shall.

Instead of shall,practicallly we are using will.

Used only in future tense.

Shall Simple future tense: �ொ�ொர�வருங்கொலம்.

Simple future passive voice �ொ�ொர�வருங்கொலச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.

Ex: I shall give. நொன்சகொடுப்லேபன்.

Future continous tense: வருங்கொலச�ொடர்வினை.

Simple future passive voice �ொ�ொர�வருங்கொலச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.

Ex: I shall be giving. நொன்சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்டுஇருப்லேபன்.

Future perfect tense: வருங்கொலமுற்றுப்சபற்றவினை.

Future perfect passive voice வருங்கொலமுற்றுப்சபற்றச�யப்பொட்டு வினை.

Ex: I shall have given. நொன்சகொடுத்�ிருப்லேபன்.

Future perfect continous tense வருங்கொலமுற்றுப்சபற்றச�ொடர்

வினை.

Future perfect passive voice வருங்கொலமுற்றுப்சபற்றச�யப்பொட்டு வினை.

Ex: I shall have been giving. நொன்சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்லேடஇருப்லேபன்.

Shall Used before I and we to denote permission. இது I மற்றும்we க்கு

முன்ொல்வந்துஅனும�ினையகுறிக்கும்.

Ex: shall I come? நொன்வரலொமொ?

Used after you, they, he, she and it to denote the certainity. இது you, they, he, she மற்றும் It க்குமுன்ொல்வந்துஉறு�ினையக்குறிக்கும்.

Ex:you shall come. நீவருவொய்.

Shall • Used as a passive voice. ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.

I /we+ shall + be+past participle

Ex: Believers shall be given the heaven.

நம்பிக்னைகயொ.ர்களுக்குசுவம்

அ.ிக்கப்படும்.

Shall Used with nouns and adjectives.

I /we+ shall + be+noun/adjective.

Ex: I shall be a doctor. நொன்ஒருமருத்துவரொகஇருப்லேபன்.

Used with “to+infinite” (வினைசயச்�ம்)

I /we+shall be+to+present verb

Believers shall be to go to heaven. நம்பிக்னைகயொ.ர்கள்சுவம்ச�ல்லஇருக்கிறொர்கள்.

Used I /we/you/they/he/she/it+shall Example

Simple future tense I/we +shall +present verb I shall give

Future continous tense I/we +shall+be+present continous verb I shall be giving

Future perfect tense I/we +shall+have+past participle I shall have given

Future perfect continous tense

I/we +shall+have+been+present continous verb

I shall have been giving

Used to denote permission Shall+I/we+present verb Shall I come?

Used to denote certainity You/they/he/she/it+shall+present verb You shall come.

Used as a passive voice1. simple future 2. Future perfect

1. I/we +shall+be+past participle2. I/we +shall+have+been+past

participle

1. I shall be appreciated

2. I shall have been appreciated

Used with noun and adjective i/we +shall+be+noun/adjective I shall be a doctor

Used with “to+infinitive” I /we +shall+be+to+present verb If Allaah wills, we shall be to go to highest heaven.

Can Could May Might Shall

‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb

Used to denote permissionEx:shall I come?

Used to denote abilityEx:I/we/You/they/he/she/it can do

Used to denote abilityEx:I/we/You/they/he/she/it could do.

Used to denote doubtI/we/You/they/he/she/it may do

Used to denote more doubtI/we/You/they/he/she/it might do

Used to denote certainityYou/they/ he/she/it shall do

Used with noun/adjectiveEx: I /we can be happy

Used with noun/adjectiveEx: I /we could be happy

Used with noun/adjectiveEx: I /we may be happy

Used with noun/adjectiveEx: I /we might be happy

Used with noun/adjectiveEx: I /we shall be happy

Used to indicate any event that did not took place in the pastEx:I could have come

Used to indicate any event that did not took place in the pastEx:I might have come

Present Past Present Past Present

Am Is Are

Do Does

May Might

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+shall

Present

Past Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Present verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

SHOULD Past verb of shall

Should Used to denote sense of duty( கடனைமஉ�ர்ச்�ி)

I /we/you/they/ kannan and radha /he/she + should + present verb

Ex:I should study. நொன்படிக்க லேவண்டும்.

Used as “Should+be”

I /we/you/they/ kannan and radha /he/she + should + be +

noun/adjective/past participle verb.

Ex: I should be happy. நொன் �ந்லே�ொ�மொகஇருக்க லேவண்டும்.

Should Used as “should+have” to indicate any event that

didn’t took place in the past. கடந்� கொலத்�ில் நடக்கொ�

ஒருச�யனைலக்குறிக்கும் லேபொது “should+have” எனும்வடிவில்

பயன்படும்.

I /we/you/they/ kannan and radha /he/she + should +

have +past participle verb.

Ex: I should have done. நொன்ச�ய்துஇருந்துஇருக்க லேவண்டும்.

Used I/we/you/they/he/she/it+should Exampleto denote sense of duty I/we/you/they/he/she/it+

should+present verbI/we/you/they/he/she/it should study

As “should+be” I/we/you/they/he/she/it+ should+be+noun/adjective/ past participle verb

I/we/you/they/he/she/it should be truthful.

As “should+have” to denote any event that did not took place in the past

I/we/you/they/he/she/it+ should+have+past participle verb

I/we/you/they/he/she/it should have come.

Shall Should‘Shall’ verb ‘Shall’ verbI/we/you/they/he/she/it

I/we/you/they/he/she/it

Present verb Past verb of shallUsed to denote certainity in future tense in this patternEx:I shall work

Used to denote sense of duty in this patternEx:I should work

Can Could May Might Shall Should

‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘shall’verb

Used to denote sense of dutyYou/they/he/she/it should do

Used with noun/adjective/past participleEx: I /we shall be happy

Used to indicate any event that did not took place in the pastEx:I should have come

Present Past Present Past Present past

Am Is Are

Do Does

Did Have Has Had can could May Might Shall should

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+should

Present

Past Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Present verb

Past verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

Might Could ShouldPast verb of “may”

Past verb of “can”

Past verb of “shall”

Used as”might+have” to denote some event that was not happened in past

Used as”could+have” to denote some event that was not happened in past

Used as”should+have” to denote some event that was not happened in past

Ex:I might have done

Ex:I could have done

Ex:I should have done

WILL Present verb

Past verb

Past participle verb

Present participle verb

Will(s) Willed Willed Willing

Will Noun:Determination( மஉறு�ி)Capability of mind- ( மலேொ �க்�ி)

Intention-கருத்து,லேநொக்கம்

Decree-கட்டனை.Desire-விருப்பம்

Testament will- மர��ொ�ம்

Future tense-Will You/they/he/she/it

1)Simple present tense

You/they/he/she/it + will + present verb.

Ex: If Allah wills, You will give- அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல்நீ கண்டிப்பொகசகொடுப்பொய்.

2)Future continous tense

You/they/he/she/it+will+be+present verb+ing

Ex: If Allah wills, You will be giving. - அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல் நீ கண்டிப்பொக

சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்டிருப்பொய்.

Future tense-Will3)Future perfect tense

You/they/he/she/it+will+have+past participle

Ex: You will have studied – நீ படித்துக் சகொண்டிருப்பொய்.

4)Future perfect continuous tense

You/they/he/she/it+will+have been+present verb+ing

Ex: She will have been giving. அவள்சகொடுத்துக்

சகொண்டிருப்பொள்.

Will Used to denote other’s permission. மற்றவர்க.ின் அனும�ினையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

Will + you/they/he/she/it+present verb?

Ex: will you come? நீவருவொயொ?

Used with I and we to denote the certainity.

I மற்றும் We க்குஅருகில்வந்துஉறு�ினையக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

Ex: I will come- நொன்கண்டிப்பொகவருலேவன்.

Used with Won’t to denote the wish.

Won’t +you/they/he/she/it+present verb?

Ex:Won’t you come- நீ மொட்டொயொ?

Will Used to denote Assumption (or) Probability

you/they/he/she/it+will+be+noun/adjective

Ex:If Allaah wills, You will be a Doctor. அல்லொஹ்நொடிொல்நீ மருத்துவொக

இருப்பொய்.

Used to denote the certainity in future tense. வருங்கொலத்�ில் கட்டொயம் நிக"இருக்கும் �ம்பவத்னை�க்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

you/they/he/she/it+will+have to+present verb

Ex: you will have to obey. நீ கட்டுப்பட லேவண்டும்.

Will Used in passive voice. ச�யப்பொட்டுவினையில்

Simple Future passive voice( �ொ�ொர�எ�ிர்கொல

ச�யப்பொட்டுவினை.)

you/they/he/she/it+will+be+past participle.

Ex:The Book will be given. புத்�கங்கள்சகொடுக்கப்படும்.

Will used I /we/you/they/he/she/it+will Example

Simple future tense If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it + will+present verb

If Allah wills,I will give

Future continous tense If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it + will+be+present continous verb

If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it will be giving`

Future perfect tense If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it + will+have+been+present continous verb

If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it will have been giving

To denote permission If Allah wills, will+you/they/he/she/it + present verb

If Allah wills, will you come?

near I /we to denote certainity.

If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it + will+present verb

If Allah wills,I will come

To denote permission If Allah wills, won’t+I /we/you/they/he/she/it +present verb

If Allah wills,Won’t you come?

To denote assumption or probability

You/they/he/she/it+will+be+noun/adjectives They will be doctors.

To denote the certainity in future

You/they/he/she/it+will+have to+present verb You will have to come

As passive voice1. Simple future passive

voice2. Future perfect

continous passive voice

1. You/they/he/she/it+will+be+past participle2. You/they/he/she/it+will+have+been+ past

participle

1. Books will be given2. Book will have been given

Shall Will

‘shall’verb ‘will’verb

Future verb Future verb

Simple future tenseEx: I shall give

Simple future tenseEx: I will give

Future continous tenseEx:I shall be giving

Future continous tenseEx:I will be giving

Future perfect tenseEx:I shall have given

Future perfect continous tenseEx:I shall have been giving

Future perfect continous tenseEx:I will have been giving

Used with I /we to denote permisionEx:shall I /we come?

Used with you /they/he/she/it to denote permisionEx:will you come?

Used with you /they/he/she/it to denote certainityEx:you shall come

Used with I /we to denote certainityEx:I will come

Used with noun/adjectiveEx:I shall be happy

Used with noun/adjectiveEx:I will be happy

Shall Should Will‘Shall’ verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verb

Future Past Future

Used with nouns and adjectivesEx:I shall be happy

Used with nouns and adjectivesEx:I should be happy

Used with nouns and adjectivesEx:I will be happy

Can Could May Might Shall Should Will

‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verb

Used to denote permissionEx:will you come?

Used to denote certainityi/we will come

Used with noun/ adjectiveEx:I /we will be happy

Present Past Present Past Present past Future

Is Are

Do Does

May Might

Shall should

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+will

Present

Past Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Future verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

‘will’verb

Past verb of will

Would Used to ask other’s wish. மற்றவர்க.ின்விருப்பத்னை�க் லேகட்க பயன்படுகிறது.

Would+you/they/he/she/it/kannan and radha/kannan/radha +present

Ex:Would You come?- நீவருவொயொ?

Used to say our wish. நம்விருப்பத்னை�ச�ொல்வ�ற்குபயன்படுகிறது.

I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha + would like to

+present verb

Ex: I would like to come.- நொன்வரவிரும்பிகிலேறன்.

Would Used with nouns and adjectives.

I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha +would

be+noun/adjective

Ex:I would be a teacher.- நொன்ஒருஆ�ிரியரொகஇருப்லேபன்.

Used as “would+have”

you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha +would +have+past

participle verb

Ex:you would have come. நீவந்�ிருந்துஇருப்பொய்.

Would I/we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/

kannan and radha +would +present verbEx:I would come- நொன்வருலேவன்.

Would used I/we/you/they/he/she/it +would ExampleTo ask other’s wish Would +you/they/he/she/it+present

verbIf Allah wills, Would you come?

To say our wish I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+like+to+present verb

If Allah wills, I would like to go to heaven.

Used with noun/adjectives

I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+be+noun/adjective

If Allah wills, I would be an Administrator

Used as “would+have” to indicate the action that didn’t took place in the past

I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+have+past participle verb

If Allah wills,I would have come

To indicate the probability

I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+would+present verb.

If Allah wills,I would come

Would Will‘will’verb ‘will’verbPast verb Present verbUsed to ask other’s wishEx:If Allah wills,would you come?

Used to denote permissionEx:If Allah wills,will you come?

Used to denote the probabilityEx:If Allah wills,I would come

Used to denote the certainityEx:if Allah wills,I will come.

Used with noun/adjectiveEx:If Allah wills,I would be a teacher

Used with noun/adjectiveEx:If Allah wills,I will be a teacher

Can Could May Might Shall Should Will Would

‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verb ‘will’verb

Used to denote permissionEx:will you come?

Used to denote permissionEx:would you come?

Used to denote certainityi/we will come

Used to denote probabilityi/we will come

Used with noun/ adjectiveEx:I /we will be happy

Used with noun/ adjectiveEx:I /we would be happy

Used to indicate any event that did not took place in the pastEx:I would have come

Present Past Present Past Present past Future Past

Could Might Should Would‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verbPast verb Past verb Past verb Past verbi/we/you/they/he/she/it+could

i/we/you/they/he/she/it+might

i/we/you/they/he/she/it+should

i/we/you/they/he/she/it+would

Used to indicate any event that didn’t took place in the pastEx:I could have come

Used to indicate any event that didn’t took place in the pastEx:I might have come

Used to indicate any event that didn’t took place in the pastEx:I should have come

Used to indicate any event that didn’t took place in the pastEx:I could have come

Is Are

Do Does

Did Have

Has Had can could

May Might

should

will would

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it+would

Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

‘will’verb

‘would’verb

Dare Present verb

Past verb Past participle verb

Dare Dared Dared Daring

Dare Used as verb.Meaning: து�ிவுசகொள், வீரம் லேபசு!

Used as Adjective.Meaning:து�ிகரமொ,�ொக�முள்.!

Used as noun.Meaning:து�ிகரம்,து�ிவு

Used to indicate braveness(னை�ரியம்)

How dare + pronoun + verb + noun?

Ex: how dare you waste time?- லேநரத்னை�வீ�ொக்குவ�ற்கு

உக்குஎவ்வு.வுனை�ரியம்?

• Used to challenge( �வொல்விடுவ�ற்குஇதுபயன்படுகிறது.)

Do + I /we/you/they/kannan/radha + dare to+ present verb +noun?

Ex:Do you dare to waste time?- லேநரத்னை�வீ�ொக்குவ�ற்குஉக்கு

னை�ரியம்இருக்கிற�ொ?

Dare Used as “dare say” to indicate the

doubt(�ந்லே�கம்).

Ex:I dare say,it may rain.

Used as “dare to say” to indicate the certainity உறு�ியொக நடக்கும்ச�யனைலக்குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.

Ex:I dare to say,it will rain.

Dare used i/we/you/they/he/she/it+dare

Example

To indicate the braveness

How+dare+i/we/you/they/he/she/it+verb+noun

How dare you waste time.

To challenge Do+I/we/you/they+dare to+verb+noun?

Do you dare to waste time?

To indicate the doubt

‘dare say’ I dare say,If Allah wills it may rain

To indicate the certainity

‘dare to say’ I dare to say,If Allah wills it will rain

Is Are

Do Does

May Might

Shall should

will would

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

I / we/you/ they/He/she/it

Present

Past Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Present verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

‘will’verb

‘would’verb

‘Dare’ verb

Must இ�ற்குகடந்� கொலம்கினைடயொது.no past verb

Adjective:Frenzied( ம�ம் பிடித்�)

Noun:frenzy(ம�ம்),new wine(புது�ொரொயம்), அவ�ியம் ச�ய்ய

லேவண்டிய ( அல்லது ) இருக்க லேவண்டியஒன்று.

இதுகண்டிப்பொக லேவண்டும்என்பனை�க்குறிக்கிறது.

I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and

radha+must+present verb

Ex:I must go.

Must Used with nouns and adjectives.

I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+must

be+noun/adjective.

Ex:I must be truthful.

Used as “must have” to indicate any event that didn’t took place in the past கடந்� கொலத்�ில் நடக்கொ� ச�யனைலக்குறிப்பிடும் லேபொது “must have” எனும்வடிவில் பயன்படுகிறது.

I we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+must have+past

participle verb

Ex:I must have studied

Must used I/we/you/they/he/she/it +must

Example

To indicate certainity in future

I/we/you/they/he/she/it +must+present verb

I must go

with noun/adjective

I/we/you/they/he/she/it +must be+noun/adjective

I must be truthful

As “must+have”

I/we/you/they/he/she/it +must have+past participle verb

I/we/you/they/he/she/it must have studied

Is Are

Do Does

Has Had can could

May Might

should

will would

dare Must

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Present verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

‘will’verb

‘would’verb

‘Dare’ verb

‘must’verb

NEED Present verb

Past verb Past participle verb

Need(s) Needed Needed Needing

Need Used as verb as well as auxiliary verb. Noun:requirement(லே�னைவ),necessity,poverty

(வறுனைம),needlessness(லே�னைவயில்லொ�). Verb:require,want Adjective:needful,needy Adverb:needfully,needfullness,needlessly,ne

eds Needless to say

Need Used as a verbI /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+need(s)+nounEx:I need money. Used as question formEx: need +I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+present verbEx:need I come?

Need Used as negative formI /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+need not+Present verb.Ex:I need not come. Used with “to+infinitive”I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+need +to+present verb/be+adjective.Ex:I need to go

Need used i/we/you/they/he/she/it

Example

As a verb i/we/you/they/he/she/it need+present verb

I need come

In a question form Need+i/we/you/they/he/she/it+present verb?

Need I come?

In a negative form i/we/you/they/he/she/it+need not+present verb

I need not come

With “to+infinitive” i/we/you/they/he/she/it+need+to+present verb/(be+adjective)

I need to goI need to be happy

Is Are

Do Does

Has Had

can could

May Might

should

will would

dare Must

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Present verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

‘will’verb

‘would’verb

‘Dare’ verb

‘must’verb

‘need’verb

Ought to

Ought to Noun:cipher(0),nought-இன்னைம Used to indicate moral obligation( ஒழுக்க

சநறிகள்)I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+ought to+present verb+noun.Ex:I ought to tell truth Used to indicate the probability. Ex:Petrol price ought to increase soon.

‘Ought to’ used

I/we/you/they/he/she/it +ought to+

Example

To indicate the moral obligation

I/we/you/they/he/she/it +ought to+present verb+noun

I/we/you/they/he/she/it ought to read The Quran

To indicate the probability

I/we/you/they/he/she/it +ought to

If Allah wills, he ought to become CM.

Is Are

Do Does

Has Had

can could

May Might

should

will would

Ought to

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

Present

past Present verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Present verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

‘will’verb

‘would’verb

‘Dare’ verb

‘must’verb

‘need’verb

‘ought to’verb

Used to

Used to Noun: Use-(உபலேயொகப்படுத்து�ல்)employment,

(னைகயொளு�ல்)treatment,(பயன்)utility,( உபலேயொகிக்கும்

உரினைம)the privilege to use,(ம�ிப்பு)value,(வ"க்கம்)custom In use- பு"க்கத்�ில்உள்.

Out of use- பு"க்கத்�ில்இல்லொ�

Come into use- பு"க்கத்�ிற்குவொ

Use up- உபலேயொகித்து தீர்

Be used to-ப"க்கப்பட்டிறு Usefulness

Used to Verb:Use-(treat(னைகயொளு),employ(பயன்படுத்து),handle (னைகயொளு)) Adjective:useful-serviceable,profitableUsual-வ"க்கமொUnusual-அ�ொ�ர�மொ Adverb:UsefullyUsuallyUnusually

Used to Used to indicate Discontinued habit

I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/ kannan and radha +used to+present verb

Ex:I used to tell truth.

Used to indicate accustomed habit

I +am +used to+present verb+ing+noun

Ex:I am used to playing cricket

we/you/they/ kannan and radha+are +used to+present verb+ing+noun

Ex: we are used to speaking English

he/she/it/kannan/radha+is+used to+present verb+ing+noun

He is used to reading The Quran.

‘Used to’ i/we/you/they/he/she/it+used to+

Example

In discontinued habit

i/we/you/they/he/she/it+used to+present verb+noun

I used to tell a lie

In accustomed habit

I +am+used to+present continous verb+noun

I am used to reading The Quran

In accustomed habit

We/you/they +are +used to+present continous verb+noun

We are used to reading The Quran

In accustomed habit

He/she/it+is+used to+present continous verb+noun

He is used to reading The Quran

Is Are

Do Does

can could

should

will would

Ought to

Used to

He/she/it+is

You/we/ they+are

I /he/ she/it+was

We/ you/ they+were

i/we/ you/ they+ do

He/she/it + does

He/she/it+has

Present

Present verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Future verb

Past verb

Present verb

‘be’verb

‘do’verb

‘do’ verb

‘have’ verb

‘Can’ verb

‘May’ verb

‘may’ verb

‘shall’verb

‘will’verb

‘would’verb

‘Dare’ verb

‘must’verb

‘need’verb

‘ought to’verb

‘need’verb

auxiliary verbs

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