bai_tap_hoa_10_nang_cao_suu_tap.pdf

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HocthemKTS * Mt s bi tp nng cao Ha 10 Chc cc em hc tt !

CHNG 1 : NGUYN T

Bi 1. Cho bit 1u = 1,6605.10-27kg, nguyn t khi ca oxi bng 15,999. Hy tnh khi lng ca mt nguyn t oxi ra kg. Bi 2. Cho bit khi lng nguyn t ca C gp 11,905 ln khi lng nguyn t ca hiro. Hy tnh nguyn t khi hiro ra u v gam. Bit rng nguyn t khi ca C bng 12. Bi 3. Kt qu phn tch cho thy trong phn t hi H2O c 88,809% O v 11,191% H theo khi lng. Bit nguyn t khi ca O l 15,999. Hy xc nh nguyn t khi ca hiro. Bi 4. Trong 1,5 kg ng c bao nhiu gan electron ? Cho bit 1 mol nguyn t ng c khi lng bng 63,546 gam, mt nguyn t ng c 29 electron. Bi 5. Nguyn t km c bn knh R = 1,35.10-10m, c khi lng nguyn t l 65u.

a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km. Bit Vhnh cu = 3

4. r3.

b) Thc t hu nh ton b khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn vi bn knh r = 2.10-15m. Tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t km.

Bi 6. Nguyn t nhm c bn knh 1,430

A v nguyn t khi l 27. Hy xc nh khi lng ring khi lng ring ca nhm l bao nhiu ? Bi 7. Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t canxi, bit th tch ca 1 mol canxi bng 25,87cm3 . Bit rng trong tinh th cc nguyn t canxi bng 74% th tch. Bi 8. Nu thc nghim nhn rng nguyn t Ca, Cu u c dng hnh cu , sp xp t kht bn cnh nhau th th tch chim bi cc nguyn t kim loi ch bng 74% so vi ton th tch khi tinh th. Khi lng ring iu kin tiu chun ca chng th rn tng ng l 1,55g/cm3; 8,9g/cm3 v nguyn t khi ca canxi l 40,08u, ca ng l 63,546u.

Hy tnh bn knh nguyn t Ca v nguyn t Cu.

Bi 9. Gia bn knh ht nhn (R) v s khi (A) ca nguyn t c mi lin h nh sau:R =1,5.10-13. 3 A Hy tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t. Bi 10. Cho rng ht nhn nguyn t v chnh nguyn t H c dng hnh cu. Ht nhn nguyn t hiro c bn knh gn ng bng 10-6 nm, bn knh nguyn t hiro bng 0,056 nm. a) Hy tnh v so snh th tch nguyn t hiro vi th tch ca ht nhn nguyn t hiro.

b) Hy tnh v so snh khi lng ring ca ht nhn v ca nguyn t hiro.

Bi 11. Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu : Br8135 ; K39

19 ; Ar40

18 .

Hy xc nh s proton, s ntron, s electron v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng. Bi 12. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v k hiu nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t X v ca ion to thnh t X. Bi 13. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron c trong mt loi nguyn t ca ,nguyn t Y l 54, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1,7 ln. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v vit k hiu nguyn t X. Bi 14. Mt kim loi M c tng s khi bng 54, tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M2+ l 78. Vy nguyn t kim loi M c k hiu no sau y?

Cr54

24 , Mn54

25 , Fe54

26 , Co54

27 .

Bi 15. Bit rng tng s cc loi ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t R l 40, trong ht khng mang in km hn s ht mang in l 12. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t R v vit k hiu nguyn t R ( Bit ZNa=11, ZMg=12, ZAl=13, ZCa=20, ZK=19).

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HocthemKTS * Mt s bi tp nng cao Ha 10 Chc cc em hc tt !

Bi 16. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. Hy xc nh s khi nguyn t ca nguyn t X. Bi 17. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t Y l 21. Hy xc nh thnh phn cu to nguyn t, gi tn v vit k hiu nguyn t X. Bi 18. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t R l 34. Hy da vo bng tun hon xc nh nguyn t R. Bi 19. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s proton, ntron, electron bng 54, s ht proton gn bng s ht ntron . Tnh Z v A ca nguyn t nguyn t R. Bi 20. Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z. Tng s ht p, n, e trong cc nguyn t ln lt l 16, 58, 78. S ntron trong ht nhn v s hiu nguyn t ca mi nguyn t khc nhau khng qu 1 n v. Hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit k hiu cc nguyn t. Bi 21. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 140 ht , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M ln hn s khi ca nguyn t X l 23. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t M v X. Vit cng thc phn t ca hp cht M2X. Bi 22. Hp cht Y c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong NX2 l 58. a) Tm AM v AX.

b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca MX2.

Bi 23. Cho bit tng s electron trong ion AB 23 l 42. Trong cc ht nhn ca A cng nh B s proton bng s

ntron. Xc nh s khi ca A, B. Bit s khi ca A gp i ca B. Bi 24. C hp cht MX3 . Cho bit : - Tng s ht p, n, e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Nguyn t khi ca X km hn ca M l 8. - Tng 3 loi ht trn trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. Hy xc nh nguyn t M, X ?

Bi 25. Trong t nhin brom c hai ng v bn : Br7935 chim 50,69% s nguyn t v Br81

35 chim 49,31% s

nguyn t. Hy tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom.

Bi 26. ng c hai ng v bn Cu6529 v Cu63

29 . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54.

Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca mi ng v.

Bi 27. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Brom c hai ng v, bit ng v Br7935 chim 54,5% . Hy

xc nh nguyn t khi ca ng v 2.

Bi 28. Bo trong t nhin c hai ng v bn: B105 v B11

5 . Mi khi c 760 nguyn t B10

5 th c bao nhiu nguyn

t ng v B115 . Bit AB = 10,81.

Bi 29. Mt nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l nguyn t l23

27. Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35 proton. Trong nguyn

t ca ng v th nht c 44 ntron. S ntron trong nguyn t ng v th hai nhiu hn trong ng v th nht l 2 ht. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X. Bi 30. Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X1 chim 92,23% , X2 chim 4,67% v X3 chim 3,10%. Tng s khi ca 3 ng v l 87. S ntron trong X2 nhiu hn trong X1 l 1 ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l 28,0855. a) Hy tm X1 , X2 v X3 .

b) Nu trong X1 c s ntron bng s proton. Hy tm s ntron trong nguyn t ca mi loi ng v Bi 31. Cho mt dung dch cha 8,19 gam mui NaX tc dng mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 20,09 gam kt ta . a) Tm nguyn t khi v gi tn X.

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HocthemKTS * Mt s bi tp nng cao Ha 10 Chc cc em hc tt !

b) X c hai ng v, gi s s nguyn t ca ng v th nht nhiu gp 3 ln s nguyn t ca ng v th hai. Ht nhn ca ng v th nht c t hn ht nhn ng v th hai 2 ntron. Tm s khi ca mi ng v.

Bi 32. Trong t nhin bo(B) c hai ng v: B105 v B11

5 . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca bo 10,81.

a) Tnh phn trm ca mi ng v.

b) Tnh phn trm khi lng B115 trong axit boric H3BO3 ( Bit H l ng v H1

1 ; O l ng v O16

8 ).

Bi 33. Trong t nhin ng v Cl3717 chim 24,23% s nguyn t. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng Cl37

17

c trong HClO4 v phn trm v khi lng Cl35

17 c trong KClO3 (vi H l ng v H1

1 ; O l ng v O16

8 ; K l

ng v K3919 ) ? Cho nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo bng 35,5.

Bi 34. Mt nguyn t R c 3 ng v X, Y, Z , bit tng s ht ca 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron ng v X hn ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron. Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v s khi ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z ?

Bi 35. Cho hp cht XY2 to bi hai nguyn t X, Y. Y c hai ng v : Y79 chim 55% s nguyn t Y v ng

v Y81 . Trong XY2, phn trm khi lng ca X l bng 28,51%. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X, Y.

Bi 36. Clo trong t nhin gm hai ng v Cl3517 v Cl37

17 ; Silic gm hai ng v Si38

14 v Si39

14 . Hp cht silic

clorua SiCl4 gm c bao nhiu loi phn t c thnh phn ng v khc nhau.

Bi 37. C hai ng v H11 (k hiu l H) v H2

1 (k hiu l D).

a) Vit cc loi cng thc phn t hiro c th c. b) Tnh phn t khi ca mi loi phn t.

c) 1 lt hiro giu teri ( H21 ) iu kin tiu chun nng 0,1 gam. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng

tng ng v ca hiro.

Bi 38. Hiro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v H21 trong 1 ml nc ( cho rng

trong nc ch c ng v H11 v H2

1 ) ?

( Cho khi lng ring ca nc l 1 g/ml)

Bi 39. Agon tch ra t khng kh l hn hp ba ng v : 99,6% Ar40 ; 0,063% Ar38 ; 0,337% Ar36 . Tnh th tch ca 15 g Ar iu kin tiu chun.

Bi 40. Hiro c iu ch bng cch in phn nc, hiro gm hai loi ng v H11 v D2

1 . Hi trong 100 g

nc ni trn c bao nhiu ng v D21 ? Bit rng nguyn t khi ca hiro l 1,008 v oxi l 16.

Bi 41. Trong t nhin oxi c ba ng v O168 ; O17

8 ; O18

8 , cacbon c hai ng v C12

6 ; C13

6 .Hi c th c bao nhiu

loi phn t kh cacbonic hp thnh t cc ng v trn ? Vit cng thc phn t v tnh phn t khi ca chng.

Bi 42. Hiro c ba ng v H11 , H2

1 v H3

1 . Clo c hai ng v l Cl35

17 v Cl37

17 . Hy cho bit c bao nhiu phn

t hiro clorua to thnh t cc ng v khc nhau v tnh phn t khi ca mi phn t.

Bi 43. Trong t nhin oxi tn ti 3 ng v bn : O168 ; O17

8 ; O18

8 v hiro c ba ng v bn l : H1

1 , H2

1 v H3

1 .

Hi c bao nhiu phn t nc c to thnh v phn t khi ca mi loi l bao nhiu?

Bi 44. Cho bit cc nguyn t S3216 , Na23

11 . Hy xc nh s ht electron v tng s cc ht c trong ion S2-

, Na+.

Bi 45. Cho cc ion : NO

3 , NH

4 , HSO

4 , bit ZN = 7; ZO = 8 ; ZH = 1 ; ZS = 16. Hy xc nh :

- Tng s ht proton , electron c trong cc ion . - Tng s ht ntron c trong c trong cc ht nhn nguyn t to nn cc ion . Bi 46. Nguyn t A c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3p4 . T l ntron v proton l 1:1. nguyn t B c s ntron bng 1,25 ln s ntron ca A. Khi cho 7,8 gam B tc dng vi lng d A ta thu c 11 g hp cht B2A. Xc nh s th t , s khi ca A, B.

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HocthemKTS * Mt s bi tp nng cao Ha 10 Chc cc em hc tt !

Bi 47. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau:

6 C , 8 O , 12 Mg , 15 P , 20 Ca , 18 Ar , 32 Ge , 35 Br, 30 Zn , 29 Cu .

- Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao? - Cho bit nguyn t no thuc nguyn t s , p , d , f ? V sao?

Bi 48. Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau : 2010 Ne , 39

19 K , 35

17 Cl .

Hy vit cu hnh electron v v cu to nguyn t . Bi 49. S dng bng h thng tun hon, hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t di dng lng t nu cho bit cc nguyn t c Z bng 7 ; 14 ; 16 . Bi 50. Hy vit cu hnh electron : Fe , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , S , S2- , Rb v Rb+ . (Bit s hiu : ZFe = 26 ; ZS

= 16 ; ZRb

= 37 )

Bi 51. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c s hiu sau : Sr (Z = 21) ; Ti (Z=22) ; V (Z=23) ; Cr (Z=24) ; Mn (Z=25) ; Co (Z=27) ; Ni (Z=28) .

Bi 52.a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s24p4 . Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X. b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y. Bi 53. Nguyn t R bt i 1 electron to ra cation R+ cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6 . Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t v s phn b electron theo obitan ca nguyn t R. Bi 54. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R v ion X2- , Y+ u l 4s24p6. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t R, X, Y v cho bit nguyn t no l phi kim, kim loi hay lng tnh ? V sao ?

Bi 55. Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him , nguyn t c phn lp electrron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s. a) Nguyn t no l kim loi , l phi kim ? b) Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A v B. Bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng 7.

Bi 56. Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 8. Xc nh A, B. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A, B. Bi 57. Phn lp electron cui cng ca hai nguyn t A, B ln lt l 3p, 4s . Tng s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 5, hiu s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 3. a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca hai nguyn t A v B. b) S ntron ca nguyn t B ln hn s ntron trong nguyn t A l 4 ht v tng s khi ca A v B l 71. Xc nh s khi ca A v B. Bi 58. Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t kim loi l 34. a) Xc nh tn nguyn t da vo bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc). b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t . c) Tnh tng obitan v s electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t trng thi c bn. Bi 59. Mt loi kh clo c cha hai ng v v clo tacdng vi H2, ly sn phm ho tan vo nc c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau : Phn 1: trung ho ht 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,88M . Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 31,57 gam kt ta . Tnh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v . Cu 60. Nguyn t X , ion Y2+ v ion B- u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p6. a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Y v B . b) Cu hnh electron trn c th l cu hnh ca nhng nguyn t , ion no ?