basic photography

Basic PhotographyBy: Tito Renan Ferrer

Information Ministry

The coining of the word "Photography" has been attributed in 1839 to Sir John Herschel based on the Greek φῶς (phos), (genitive: phōtós) meaning "light", and γραφή (graphê), meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning "drawing with light“.

Photography is the result of combining several different technical discoveries. Long before the first photographs were made, Chinese philosopher Mo Ti and Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid described a pinhole camera in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.

History of Photography

Types of PhotographyChapter 1

Types of Photography

Aerial- standing tall above the subject, or shooting from a tall building, plane, etc...

Architecture- shots of buildings (no people) .

Artistic- any shot of a subject where creativity is the number 1 goal.

Black and White - aka... B&W, working with no color.

Camera Phone- low quality, anytime, anywhere photography.

Event- Concerts, large parties, gatherings.

Macro- photographing very small, or very up close images. Very detailed.

Nature- Land, water, plants and animals

Panoramic- Wide view of the subject (often used with large group shots, or landscape shots).

Underwater- any subject captured underwater... Caution- must have waterproof camera, or waterproof housing for your camera.

No matter the type of photography, the point is to have fun, and to be able to look back on your images and remember important moments in life. But my point is, might as well make them the best "looking" moments as possible =) So as for photography just for a "hobby" no need to worry yourself wondering what type of picture your taking, as long as you're enjoying it. No harm in learning some interesting photography terms though, maybe you can sound like a pro too!

Types of PhotographerChapter 2

Types of Photographer

You love learning the ins and outs of the technique of photography. You can be found setting up a dozen lights, in search of that perfect ratio. You know the exact time of day when the sun sets and produces the most beautiful tones for your images. You are on a quest to master composition, and are intimately aware of all the functions and features of your gear.

You adore studying photography and can often be found in the Photography section of your local bookstore or library. You have shelves of books ranging from technical manuals to inspiring art collections. You’re fascinated with the history of photography, and love learning about the different photographers who helped shape the craft.

Photography is your work. You’re always thinking about what new products you can create for your clients, and the creative ways to market your services. You excel at communicating the value of what you do, and work hard to keep your business organized and productive.

You love the social aspect that photography provides. You frequent photography forums, and love getting to know the other members and joining their discussions. You go to photo meet ups, and have tons of photo friends on different social media sites. You value the community and camaraderie of photography.

You use photography as a way to document life. You’re the one at all the events with a camera in hand, recording the special moments around you. You have years and years of photos, and love to spend time looking through them and enjoying the memories they stir up.

You are passionate about doing good and helping others, and see photography as a way to achieve that. You like to use your photos to create change, to spread a message, and to make a difference.

Types of CameraChapter 3

Web cams/phone cams: Most Web and phone cams (like the one shown in this figure) can’t do serious digital photography. Phone cameras can snap quick, convenient pictures — but not quality ones.

Point-and-shoot models: Point-and-shoot digital cameras can do anything a simple film camera can do. This figure shows a typical point-and-shoot model. Use point-and-shoot cameras for simple picture taking.

Types of Camera

Intermediate models: Intermediate digital cameras (see this figure) are the most widely used. They have the best compromise of features to suit most consumer needs. Intermediate cameras offer some useful features.

Advanced consumer models: These cameras (like the one in this figure) are aimed at those who want some special features.Advanced consumer cameras usually require a session or two with the instruction manual to master all their capabilities. Get an advanced consumer model for more bells and whistles.

Types of Camera

Amateur dSLR models: Prosumer digital SLR cameras (see this figure) are the models that photo buffs and even a few professional photographers favor.The key differences between high-priced prosumer digital SLR cameras and professional digital SLR cameras are resolution, speed, and ruggedness. Prosumer cameras are just a step away from professional-quality.

Types of Camera

Professional [Advance models]: These high-end models (like the one in this figure) are the equal of their film camera counterparts in every way. If you want the best, go for a professional digital camera.

Types of Camera

Chapter 45 Things You Should Consider

Before Getting a DSLR

5 Things You Should Consider Before Getting a DSLR

1. Type of Photography One of the first things to consider when buying a DSLR is the type of photography

practiced by you. Whether you mostly shoot weddings, or family events, schools events or just at random, the type of photography greatly influences the type of camera to use for the purpose.

2. Professional or Hobbyist?

3. Maintenance of a DSLR

4. Price

5. Funding your DSLR

Stock images are used by advertising agencies and people to complement their projects. These shots are taken mostly in-studio, some out, depicting models doing one action or another that can be used to supplement any written material in the right context, for example, an executive talking on phone, jewellery photographs, etc.

Selling prints gives the user the option to sell their images to people who would want to hang it on their walls at their home or office. Selling prints is far more difficult as it needs the photographer to be passionate about his photograph and come with results that amaze the peer – rendering the impulse in them to hang such a photograph on their wall.

Users can also put their lens up for rent – though it might be a risky business and will require users to use their own judgement when picking the people who want to rent the lens. Finally, the user can always shoot portraits, weddings and commercial photographs, taking money for each shoot. Do it well enough, and you can even earn your livelihood with it.

Chapter 5

Basic Parts of DSLR

External

Basic Parts of DSLR

Internal

Chapter 6

Understanding CameraExposure

Understanding Camera Exposure

1. Understand what "exposure of the image" is and how will it affect your photographs. Exposure is an umbrella term that refers to two aspects of photography – it is referring to how to control the lightness and the darkness of the image.

2. Learn about the "f-stop". "F-stop" (also called "f-number") means fraction and the f-number is the fraction of the actual opening in the lens compared to the focal length of the lens. The aperture is the opening light passes through.

3. Study your digital camera's "manual exposure" mode. In the manual mode you can set both the f-stop and shutter speed. If you really want to control the light, the exposure, and how the picture works, you need to learn to know how to use the manual exposure mode; it's not just for the propeller heads and the guys who still shoot film! Manual mode is still viable today even with digital because it's really how you control the look and feel of your picture.

4. Understand why you would want to change the exposure. The aperture is really important to control the picture; it lets in the light, and the light is the most important thing for your picture. Without light, you won't have a picture.

5. Understand why you would want to change the ISO. You change the ISO on your digital camera to control the camera's sensitivity to light. In bright light, we set the camera to be less sensitive, to give us a picture with less noise since the shutter speed is fast enough at 100 ISO. In low light where there's less ambient light, you need more sensitivity in the camera. Therefore, raise the ISO from 100 to possibly 1600 or even 6400 if you have to, to get enough light in so that the picture isn't blurry. Now, what's the payback? As you raise the ISO, you get more noise (the film equivalent being grain) in the picture and less color, so be sure to set the ISO as low as possible without having the ISO too low that you end up with blurry pictures.

6. Stop action by changing the shutter speed on your camera. Change the shutter speed on your camera to affect the action-stopping ability. If you're shooting a picture with your camera hand-held, you will need a shutter speed that as fast as or faster than the reciprocal of your focal length. In other words, if you were shooting on a 100mm lens, a shutter speed of 1/100 of a second would be optimal. Camera blur can be eliminated at these speeds.

7. If you are shooting moving subjects, change your shutter speed to a shutter speed that ranges from 1/500 to 1/1000 to stop the moving subjects.

panning

8. If shooting pictures in low light, where you need more light to come in through the shutter, set the shutter speed to a thirtieth or a fifteenth of a second. When you do this, the action is going to blur, so use thirty or fifteen when there's low light or when you want the action to blur

Chapter 7

Types of Lens

Fisheye (12mm or less) Wide Angle (18-30mm)

Standard (35-85mm) Telephoto (100-300mm) Super Telephoto (300mm or more)

Special Types of Lenses

Chapter 8

Basic Maintenance

Body Cap and Lens Cap

This is a biggie, and is perhaps one of the most important things to remember. If you put your camera in your camera bag or anywhere else for a long period of time without the lens on or the copy cap, dust and debris will hit the sensor. What that means is then you’ll have lots of crap all over your images.We’ve seen people take their camera, unscrew the lens, and put the camera in their pocket without a body cap.Do not, ever, EVER do this. Always make sure that there is something protecting your sensor.

Basic Maintenance

Memory Cards

If your camera is turned on, don’t open the card port door or take the memory card out. It can corrupt the camera’s programming software inside. Though it’s rare that this may happen, don’t expect your warranty to help you if it does.

Basic Maintenance

The Viewfinder

If you think that your camera is misfocusing, check the viewfinder first. There is a little wheel or knob on the side called the diopter. Look through the viewfinder, and adjust it accordingly until everything you see in the viewfinder is crystal clear.

Basic Maintenance

Battery Life Enhancements

There are lots of things that you can do to prolong the life of your camera’s battery:- Dim the screen

- Keep your ISO levels lower. Higher ISO levels need more power going to the sensor, and also may cause it to overheat.

- Select a single autofocus point. If you give your camera some sort of direction or idea of where you want it to focus, it can do the rest. But if it just scans a scene, it may take longer or use more juice, or not focus on what you want it to. In which case, you’ll need to refocus.

- Let the camera go to sleep faster

- Buy a faster memory card. Slower memory cards make the processor work harder

Basic Maintenance

Proper Holding

Holding your camera properly will ensure that it does slip out of your hands. Use a strap and make sure that you cup the underside of the lens and hold the grip tightly.

Chapter 9

Post Processing

basic photography

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