bg?hkf:mbhgmh nl>kl - brandeis...
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BG?HKF:MBHG MH NL>KL
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Bf l`] mfdac]dq ]n]fl l`Yl l`] Yml`gj \a\ fgl k]f\ NFB Y [gehd]l]eYfmk[jahl Yf\ l`]j] Yj] eakkaf_ hY_]k& l`]k] oadd Z] fgl]\( :dkg& a^mfYml`gjar]\ [ghqja_`l eYl]jaYd `Y\ lg Z] j]egn]\& Y fgl] oadd af\a[Yl]l`] \]d]lagf(
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I`glg_jYh`k af[dm\]\ af l`] gja_afYd eYfmk[jahl `Yn] Z]]f j]hjg\m[]\p]jg_jYh`a[Yddq af l`ak [ghq( Aa_`]j imYdalq 0 p 3 ZdY[c Yf\ o`al]h`glg_jYh`a[ hjaflk Yj] YnYadYZd] ^gj Yfq h`glg_jYh`k gj addmkljYlagfkYhh]Yjaf_ af l`ak [ghq ^gj Yf Y\\alagfYd [`Yj_]( <gflY[l NFB \aj][ldqlg gj\]j(
BPMWISTMUZ ;;MGSQJMNOT 9PUISPEUMQPEN3 4INN 8QXINN 9PJQSOEUMQP 5QOREPZ
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?IRSQHVGIH XMUL RISOMTTMQP QJ ULI GQRZSMKLU QXPIS& 6VSULIS SIRSQHVGUMQP RSQLMFMUIH XMULQVU RISOMTTMQP&
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<HKK>LIHG=>G<> :G= MA> =BF>K IKH;;E>F
= @dnn`mo\odji
Lm`n`io`_ ojPc` B\^pgot ja oc` Cm\_p\o` O^cjjg ja =mon \i_ O^d`i^`n
>m\i_`dn Qidq`mndot@`k\moh`io ja I\oc`h\od^n
Ei L\mod\g Bpgadgh`ioja oc` N`lpdm`h`ion ajm oc` @`bm``
@j^ojm ja Lcdgjnjkct
]t=g`s I\bd_K^oj]`m) .66/
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
Pcdn _dnn`mo\odji) _dm`^o`_ \i_ \kkmjq`_ ]t oc` ^\i_d_\o`Ün?jhhdoo``) c\n ]``i \^^`ko`_ \i_ \kkmjq`_ ]t oc` Cm\_p\o`B\^pgot ja >m\i_`dn Qidq`mndot di k\mod\g apgadggh`io ja oc`m`lpdm`h`ion ajm oc` _`bm`` ja
@K?PKN KB LDEHKOKLDU
@`\i) Cm\_p\o` O^cjjg ja =mon\i_ O^d`i^`n
@dnn`mo\odji ?jhhdoo``
?c\dm
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?IRSQHVGIH XMUL RISOMTTMQP QJ ULI GQRZSMKLU QXPIS& 6VSULIS SIRSQHVGUMQP RSQLMFMUIH XMULQVU RISOMTTMQP&
: ;;LMK:< M
Aiph`m\odji ja ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n+= C`i`m\gdu\odji ja oc` Nj]dinji*O^c`ino`_^jmm`nkji_`i^` \i_ oc` _dh`m kmj]g`h
= @dnn`mo\odji Lm`n`io`_ oj oc` B\^pgot ja oc`Cm\_p\o` O^cjjg ja =mon \i_ O^d`i^`n ja >m\i_`dn
Qidq`mndot) S\goc\h) I\nn\^cpn`oon
]t =g`s I\bd_
= ^`iom\g pinjgq`_ kmj]g`h di ^jh]di\ojmd^n dn `iph`m\odji ja kjgtjhdij`n jmn`ga \qjd_dib r\gfn ji \ S s S g\ood^`) ]t k`mdh`o`m+= iph]`m ja m`g\o`_ kmj]g`hn \i_ njh` nk`^d\g ^\n`n c\q` ]``i ^jind_`m`_ di
oc` gdo`m\opm`+ Ki` np^c nk`^d\g ^\n` ja kjgtjhdij`n \m` nj ^\gg`_ q`mod^\ggt \i_cjmdujio\ggt ^jiq`s %jm ndhkgt ^jiq`s& kjgtjhdij`n+ Pcdn nk`^d\g ^\n` r\n admno^jind_`m`_ ]t I+L+ @`g`no \i_ C+ Rd`iijo+= i`r h`ocj_ ajm j]o\didib oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm q`mod^\ggt \i_ cjmduji*
o\ggt ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n ]t oc` ndu` ja oc` hdidh\g ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg` dn _`q`g*jk`_+ Pc` n\h` h`ocj_ dn pn`_ oj _`mdq` oc` b`i`m\odib api^odjin ajm \ iph]`m jank`^d\g ^\n`n ja ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n+ Pc` admno h\di m`npgo dn `iph`m\odji ja ^jiq`skjgtjhdij`n ]t oc` k`mdh`o`m \i_ oc` iph]`m ja ^jmi`mn+ Pcdn m`npgo dn j]o\di`_pndib \ ndhdg\m \kkmj\^c+Pc` n`^ji_ h\di m`npgo dn \ b`i`m\gdu\odji ja Nj]dinji*O^c`ino`_ ^jmm`nkji*
_`i^` ajm \ k\mod\ggt jm_`m`_ n`o+ Pc` i`r ^jmm`nkji_`i^` dn pn`_ oj _`q`gjk \^jii`^odji ]`or``i _dh`m ^jq`mdibn \i_ _dh`m o\]g`\ps+ S` oc`i apmoc`m b`i*`m\gdu` oc` Nj]dinji*O^c`ino`_ ^jmm`nkji_`i^` oj \i \m]dom\mt k\mod\g jm_`m rdoc^`mo\di m`nomd^odjin %^\gg`_ \ k\mod\g n`hdjm_`m&+
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
: < D G H P E > = @ > F > G M L
Bdmno ja \gg h\it oc\ifn oj ht \_qdnjm Lmja`nnjm Em\ C`nn`g ajm diomj_p^dib h`oj ^jh]di\ojmd^n) ajm cdn `sk`mo \_qd^` di h\oc`h\od^n \i_ ajm cdn i`q`m `i_dibk\od`i^`+ Aq`mtocdib oc\o ajggjrn ]`gjibn oj cdh di `lp\g k\mo+E \h bm\o`apg oj Lmja`nnjmn L\pg Ijinft \i_ Nd^c\m_ Oo\ig`t ajm oc`dm dio`m`no
di ht rjmf+E rjpg_ \gnj gdf` oj oc\if >m\i_`dn Qidq`mndot ajm ^m`\odib \i_ npkkjmodib \i
\^\_`hd^ `iqdmjih`io rcd^c h\_` ocdn rjmf kjnnd]g`+Pc\if tjp oj ht amd`i_n >g\dm) Hdn\) \i_ Oo`a\ij ajm oc`dm npkkjmo \i_ hjno ja
\gg ajm kpoodib pk rdoc h` _pmdib oc` odh`n ja _dn\kkjdioh`io+Pcdn rjmf dn _`_d^\o`_ oj ht k\m`ion+
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
M : ;; E > H ? < H G M > G M L
+( : G]o F ]l`g\ ?gj <gmflaf_ <gfn]p Igdqge afg]k.+. Eiomj_p^odji.+/ L\m\gg`gjbm\h Ljgtjhdij`n 0.+0 O`hd*L\m\gg`gjbm\h Ljgtjhdij`n 2.+1 C`i`m\g ?jiq`s Ljgtjhdij`n ..
,( >fme]jYlagf g ^ <gfn]p Igdqge afg]k Zq <gjf]jk Yf\ I]jae ]l]j/+. Eiomj_p^odji \i_ >\nd^ @`adidodjin .5/+/ L\m\gg`gjbm\h Ljgtjhdij`n .6/+0 Kmd`io`_ O`hd*L\m\gg`gjbm\h L\ocn /./+1 Odhkg` L\ocn /0/+2 Kmd`io`_ L\ocn /3/+3 C`i`m\g Ljgtjhdij`n /6
-( : @]f]jYdarYlagf g ^ l`] KgZafkgf'L[`]fkl]\ : d_gjal`eYf\ l`] = ae]j IjgZd]e
0+. Eiomj_p^odji+ 020+/ Lm`gdhdi\md`n \i_ >\nd^ @`adidodjin 020+0 /*Ein`modji 040+1 L /*o\]g`\p 1.0+2 Pc` J ,*o\]g`\p 100+3 Pc` @dh`m Lmj]g`h 2.0+4 N*din`modji 3/
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
LHA=OA JKPA7
L\b`%n& hdnndib di iph]`m jigt8 o`so ajggjrn+Bdgh`_ \n m`^`dq`_+
QIE
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
,
<`Yhl]j +
: f]o e]l`g\ ^gj [gmflaf_ [gfn]p hgdqge afg]k
+ (+ BG MKH =N<M BH G
= ^`iom\g pinjgq`_ kmj]g`h di ^jh]di\ojmd^n dn `iph`m\odji ja kjgtjhdij`n jmn`ga \qjd_dib r\gfn ji \ S s S g\ood^`) ]t k`mdh`o`m+= iph]`m ja m`g\o`_ kmj]g`hn \i_ njh` nk`^d\g ^\n`n c\q` ]``i ^jind_`m`_ di
oc` gdo`m\opm`+ Ki` np^c nk`^d\g ^\n` ja kjgtjhdij`n \m` nj ^\gg`_ q`mod^\ggt \i_cjmdujio\ggt ^jiq`s %jm ndhkgt ^jiq`s& kjgtjhdij`n+ Pcdn nk`^d\g ^\n` r\n admno^jind_`m`_ ]t I+L+ @`g`no \i_ C+ Rd`iijo di W/Y+= ndhkg` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm q`mod^\ggt \i_ cjmdujio\ggt ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n
]t oc` ndu` ja oc` hdidh\g ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg` r\n ajpi_ ]t G+ U+ Hdi \i_ O+ F+?c\ib di W2Y+ =i `skgd^do ajmhpg\ ajm oc` ^j`aad^d`ion ja G+ U+ Hdi \i_ O+ F+ ?c\ibÜnb`i`m\odib api^odji r\n bdq`i ]t E+ C`nn`g di W0Y+Ei ^c\ko`m . r` _`q`gjk \ i`r h`ocj_ ajm j]o\didib oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm
q`mod^\ggt \i_ cjmdujio\ggt ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n ]t oc` ndu` ja oc` hdidh\g ]jpi_dibm`^o\ibg`+ S` \gnj pn` oc` n\h` h`ocj_ oj _`mdq` oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \iph]`m ja nk`^d\g ^\n`n ja ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n+Ei ^c\ko`m / r` pn` jpm \kkmj\^c oj `iph`m\o` ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n ]t oc`
k`mdh`o`m \i_ oc` iph]`m ja ^jmi`mn+ Bjm k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij`n \ ndhdg\mm`npgo r\n j]o\di`_ ]t I+L+ @`g`no) @+ Cjptjp*>`\p^c\hkn \i_ >+ R\plp`gdidi W.Y+ S` j]o\di b`i`m\odib api^odjin ajm k\m\gg`gjbm\h) n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h) \i_b`i`m\g ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n \^^jm_dib oj oc` k`mdh`o`m \i_ oc` iph]`m ja ^jmi`mn+= hYl` dn \ ^jii`^o`_ n`o ja pido dio`mq\gn ji \ S p S g\ood^`+= [dgk]\ oYdc dn \ rjm_ di oc` \gkc\]`o vQ)@)N)Hx) rdoc oc` iph]`m ja QÜn
`lp\g oj oc` iph]`m ja @Ün \i_ oc` iph]`m ja NÜn `lp\g oj oc` iph]`m ja HÜn+ Prj^gjn`_ r\gfn \m` `lpdq\g`io da oc`t \m` oc` n\h` rc`i rmdoo`i di \ ^dm^g`+= \aj][l]\ jm gja]fl]\ k\oc dn \i `lpdq\g`i^` ^g\nn ja ^gjn`_ r\gfn+S` rdgg pnp\ggt ocdif ja \i jmd`io`_ k\oc \n \ n`lp`i^` ja _dm`^o`_ pido dio`mq\gn
%jm kl]hk& ji \ S s S* Kpm ^cjd^` ja oc` g`oo`mn ja oc` \gkc\]`o dn ijo \m]dom\mt)r` rdgg m`km`n`io Q ]t \i pk*no`k) @ ]t \ _jri*no`k) N ]t \ mdbco*no`k \i_ H ]t\ g`ao*no`k+=i jmd`io`_ k\oc dn n]jla[Yddq Yf\ `gjargflYddq [gfn]p jm) ndhkgt [gfn]p) da do
dio`mn`^on \it q`mod^\g jm cjmdujio\g gdi`) _daa`m`io amjh g\ood^` gdi`n) `doc`m ord^` jmijo \o \gg+
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
-
Jjod^` oc\o \i jmd`io`_ k\oc ^\i dio`mn`^o \ gdi` ord^` \o oc` n\h` kjdio+ =k\oc dn ^\gg`_ ^jiq`s da do ^\i ]` oc` pi_`mgtdib n`o ja no`kn %pido dio`mq\gn& ajm \^jiq`s jmd`io`_ k\oc+
= hgdqgeafg dn \ pidji ja pido nlp\m`n di oc` kg\i` rdoc ndhkgt ^jii`^o`_dio`mdjm+ Bjm jpm kpmkjn`n do dn ^jiq`id`io oj ocdif ja \ kjgtjhdij \n oc` k\ocm`km`n`io`_ ]t don ]jpi_\mt+
=it ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij c\n \ hdidh\g ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`) jm ndhkgt \ ]jpi_dibm`^o\ibg` rcjn` k`mdh`o`m dn oc` n\h` \n oc\o ja oc` kjgtjhdij+
Eo dn ijo c\m_ oj ncjr) \i_ r` rdgg _j nj g\o`m) oc\o oc`m` dn \ ndhkg` ]de`^odji]`or``i oc` n`o ja \gg ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n rdoc \i f s e hdidh\g ]jpi_dib m`^*o\ibg` \i_ oc` n`o ja \gg ^jiq`s k\ocn rdoc \i %i Ç+# Q "e Ç+# hdidh\g ]jpi_dibm`^o\ibg`+
D`m` r` km`n`io \ i`r h`ocj_ ajm j]o\didib \ b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm ^jpiodib^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n ]t oc` ndu` ja oc` hdidh\g ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`+
Ijno k\ocn r` \m` bjdib oj ^jind_`m \m` ^jiq`s+ Pc`m`ajm`) pig`nn joc`mrdn`no\o`_) r` rdgg \nnph` oc\o `q`mt k\oc %\i_ kjgtjhdij& dn ^jiq`s+ Hdf`rdn` rc`io\gfdib \]jpo \ ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg` r` rdgg \gr\tn \nnph` \ hdidh\g ]jpi_dibm`^o\ibg`+
+ (, I :K:EE>EH@K:F I HERHF BGH>L
@ `adi dodji + = hYjYdd]dg_jYe hgdqgeafg $hYjYdd]dg_jYe hYl`% dn \ kjgtjhdij%k\oc& rcd^c ^jio\din oc` gjr`m g`ao \i_ oc` pkk`m mdbco ^jmi`mn ja oc` ]jpi_dibm`^o\ibg`+
Bdmno r` j]o\di oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ^jmm`nkji_dib oj \gg k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgt*jhdij`n+ H`o I $ p ( q & ]` oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji `iph`m\odib k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgt*jhdij`n ]t oc` c`dbco \i_ rd_oc ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`+ Pc\o dn
KK
I $ p ( q % 8 C . ;; $f (e % pfqe[z+44.:.
rc`m` ;;$f( e & dn oc` iph]`m ja k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij`n rdoc rd_oc f \i_ c`dbcoe*
Pj adi_ I $ p ( q % r` rdgg pn` oc` ajggjrdib m`_p^odji kmdi^dkg`+ P\f` ji` no`k\gjib `\^c cjmdujio\g nd_` ja oc` hdidh\g ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg` \i_ ^jgg\kn` do dioj\ kjdio+ Eo dn `\nt oj n`` oc\o oc` j]e`^o j]o\di`_ di ocdn r\t dn \ k\m\gg`gjbm\h
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
k\oc+ O`` oc` adbpm` ]`gjr+
?a_mj] +( L\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij \i_ oc` k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc \ao`m m`_p^odji
Pcdn m`_p^`n oc` Écjmdujio\g ocd^fi`nnÑ ja oc` kjgtjhdij ]t .+ Jjod^` oc\ooc` m`npgodib k\oc dn \n \i \go`mi\odib n`lp`i^` ja k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij`n \i_q`mod^\g gdi` n`bh`ion ja dio`b`m g`iboc %kjnnd]gt ja g`iboc *&) \oo\^c`_ ojb`oc`m ojajmh \ k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc+Eo dn `\nt oj n`` oc\o bdq`i \i jm_`m`_ k\dm ja k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij`n oc`m`
dn jigt ji` r\t oj ^jii`^o oc`h ]t \ bdq`i q`mod^\g gdi` n`bh`io oj ajmh \ ^ji*q`s k\oc di np^c \ r\t oc\o oc` n`^ji_ kjgtjhdij dn \]jq` oc` admno) i\h`gt ]t\oo\^cdib oc` ojk mdbco ^jmi`m ja oc` admno kjgtjhdij oj oc` ]joojh g`ao ^jmi`m jaoc` n`^ji_ qd\ oc` gdi` n`bh`io+ Pc` c`dbco ja ocdn k\oc dn `lp\g oj oc` nph ja oc`c`dbcon ja oc` kjgtjhdij`n \i_ oc` gdi` n`bh`io) \i_ oc` rd_oc `lp\g oj oc` nph
ja oc` rd_ocn ja oc` kjgtjhdij`n+ Odi^`. & f
dn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg
q`mod^\g adi` n`bh`ion) oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm oc` k\ocn ajmh`_ ]t \oo\^cdiborj kjgtjhdij`n ]t \ gdi` n`bh`io dn
I$p ( q %.d & f
Odhdg\mgt) npkkjn` r` c\q` \ iji*`hkot \go`mi\odib n`lp`i^` ja k\m\gg`gjbm\hkjgtjhdij`n \i_ q`mod^\g gdi` n`bh`ion %kjnnd]gt ja g`iboc *&) rdoc c k\m\gg`gjbm\hkjgtjhdij`n \i_ c *X*. q`mod^\g gdi` n`bh`ion+ Pc`m` dn \ pidlp` r\t oj \oo\^c oc`hnj oc\o oc` doc `g`h`io ja oc` n`lp`i^` dn \]jq` oc` $aÇg&no \i_ oc` m`npgodib k\ocdn k\m\gg`gjbm\h+ Pc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg np^c k\ocn dn
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a & f
c%+
Ophhdib jq`m \gg c ;; - \i_ np]om\^odib + oj `s^gp_` k\ocn ja k`mdh`o`m - r` b`o
a (d, + X +b I $p ~q %c u + : - q I$p ( q % u + "+ #
K ]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
Ki oc` joc`m c\i_ bdq`i \ k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc ^jindnodib ja \go`mi\odib q`mod^\g gdi`n`bh`ion \i_ k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij`n r` ^\i m`q`mn` jpm m`_p^odji oj j]o\di \k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij+ Pj _j ocdn r` _`adi` oc` ja_`l $d]^l% ka\] ja \ k\m\gg`gj*bm\h k\oc oj ]` oc` pidji ja oc` mdbcohjno %g`aohjno& q`mod^\g no`kn di `\^c mjr \i_cjmdujio\g no`kn ^jii`^odib oc`h+ Jjod^` oc\o mdbco \i_ g`ao nd_`n dio`mn`^o \gjib`\^c ja oc` q`mod^\g gdi` n`bh`ion+ Jjr r` hjq` oc` mdbco nd_` ja oc` k\oc jq`mji` no`k oj oc` mdbco \i_ \oo\^c do oj oc` g`ao nd_` ]t \ no`k \gjib `\^c cjmdujio\gnd_` ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`+ Odi^` ]t _jdib ocdn r` c\q` di^m`\n`_ oc` rd_ocja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg` ]t + r` hpgodkgt oc` mdbco c\i_ nd_` ja %+& ]t p oj b`oL%\7)t&+ Oj r` c\q`
k %'Å q% : d********* *k<Ç X * '. * t * L%)t&
jm
L , ( $p ( q ) .&L ( pq 8 - %/&
Ojgqdib oc` \]jq` lp\_m\od^ `lp\odji \i_ ^cjjndib oc` njgpodji rdoc kjndodq` ^j*`aad^d`ion r` b`o7
L : Z%. * q * p * q + d * .p ) .q ' q. ) ,pq ( p .% %0&
Pcdn b`i`m\odib api^odji r\n nop_d`_ ]t F+ H`qdi` di W4Y+ Eo dn oc` b`i`m\odibapi^odji ajm oc` J\m\t\i\ iph]`mn admno _dn^jq`m`_ ]t P+R J\m\t\i\+ %n`` W6Y \i_T+*V#(
+ (- L >F B'I :K:EE>EH@K:F I HERHF BGH>L
Ei ocdn n`^odji r` ^jind_`m \ijoc`m nk`^d\g ^\n` ja kjgtjhdij`n+=]^afalagf( = k]ea)hYjYdd]dg_jYe hgdqgeafg dn \ kjgtjhdij rcd^c ^jio\din oc`
gjr`m g`ao ^jh`m ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`+=]^afalagf( = k]ea)hYjYdd]dg_jYe hYl` dn \ k\oc rcd^c ^jio\din oc` cjmdujio\g
\i_ q`mod^\g no`kn ajmhdib oc` gjr`m g`ao ^jh`m ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`+Jjod^` oc\o ajm \ k\oc) n\tdib oc\o do ^jio\din \ ^jmi`m ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`
dn ijo oc` n\h` \n n\tdib oc\o do ^jio\din oc` cjmdujio\g \i_ q`mod^\g no`kn ajmhdiboc` n\h` ^jmi`m+ Bjm `s\hkg` di oc` adbpm` ]`gjr oc` k\oc ji oc` g`ao _j`n ijo^jio\di oc` cjmdujio\g \i_ q`mod^\g no`kn ajmhdib oc` gjr`m mdbco ^jmi`m ja oc`]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`) rc`m`\n oc` k\oc ji oc` mdbco _j`n+
BB dbp m` , +
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
0
=i gja]fl]\ k]ea)hYjYdd]dg_jYe hYl` dn \i jmd`io`_ k\oc rcd^c ^jio\din oc` cjm*dujio\g \i_ q`mod^\g no`kn ajmhdib oc` gjr`m g`ao ^jh`m ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`+Sc`i o\gfdib \]jpo jmd`io`_ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn r` rdgg \gr\tn kd^f oc`
jmdbdi %oc` gjr`m g`ao ^jmi`m ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`& \n jpm no\modib kjdio \i_ads oc` _dm`^odji \mjpi_ oc` jmdbdi ]t no\modib oc` k\oc rdoc \i pk*no`k+@ `adi dodji + S` rdgg ^\gg \ k\oc kaehd] da do dn kjnnd]g` oj nk`^dat \i jmd`io\odji
ja oc` `iodm` k\oc ]t nk`^datdib oc` _dm`^odji ja ji` no`k+
B dbp m` 0+ As\hkg`n ja ndhkg` n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn
Bdmno r` j]o\di oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji k ajm \gg ndhkg` n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn+Pj _j ocdn ^jind_`m jmd`io`_ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn+
H `hh \ .+ E]l : Z] l`] _]f]jYlaf_ ^mf[lagf ^gj gja]fl]\ k]ea)hYjYdd]dg_jYehYl`k* M`]f
l 8 [[[[[[[[[[ Z [[[[[[[[[[[ %1&+Ç,u Ç,q ,pq ( p . ( q.
L mjj a+ =it jmd`io`_ k\oc ^\i ]` `i^j_`_ \n \ n`lp`i^` ja pk) _jri) mdbco)\i_ g`ao no`kn+ Bjm jmd`io`_ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn \gg pk %mdbco& no`kn km`^`_`\gg _jri %g`ao& no`kn) ndi^` oc` k\ocn \m` ^jiq`s \i_ no\mo \o oc` jmdbdi+ D`i^`) ojnk`^dat \i jmd`io`_ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc do dn npaad^d`io oj nk`^dat oc` pi_`mgtdibn`lp`i^` ja q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g no`kn+Pc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg n`lp`i^`n ja q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g no`kn dn
7 v < $ 7 ^ 8 % q# y 7H f [3B f7* + H G
44.: -
rc`m` < $ f (e & dn oc` iph]`m ja n`lp`i^`n rdoc e q`mod^\g \i_ f cjmdujio\g no`kn+Ipgodkgtdib oc` \]jq` ]t pq oj ^jpio oc` admno q`mod^\g \i_ oc` g\no cjmdujio\g no`knr` c\q`
a U p qY$p(q% 8 ************- ) p ) q
Odi^` r` \m` dio`m`no`_ jigt di n`lp`i^`n rdoc \i `q`i iph]`m ja cjmdujio\g \i_
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
q`mod^\g no`kn r` ]dn`^o Y rdoc m`nk`^o oj p \i_ q oj b`o uk $p.(pb.%* Oj+ + + +
uk $p.( q.% 8 )[j$p( q% ( q% ( ugsp( ) q % ( Çjm%Ç\7) ) q %
: 4%pq pq pq
%pq
1 .p q . ' p q - p ' q . ( p ( q.p.q.
+Ç.p.Ç.q. .p.q. ( \4. ( t.
Op]nodopodib q+p ajm p \i_ qbq ajm q oj ^jpio oc` k\ocn ]t oc` ndu` ja oc` ]jpi_dibm`^o\ibg` m\oc`m oc`i k`mdh`o`m r` c\q`
,pqk $p(q%
+Ç.p .q .pq ( p . ( q.
H`hh \ /+ M`] _]f]jYlaf_ ^mf[lagf ^gj Ydd kaehd] k]ea)hYjYdd]dg_jYe hYl`k ak
a 8 ***************** + .QO %2&%. * & q%q +. * .p .q ) .pq ( p. ( q.
L mjj a+ ?jind_`m \ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc+ Oo\mo \o oc` jmdbdi \i_ ajggjr oc`k\oc piodg oc`m` dn \ ^cjd^` ja _dm`^odji ]`or``i \i pk jm \ mdbco no`k+ É?poÑoc` k\oc \o ocdn kjdio \i_ m`hjq` oc` gjr`m k\mo+ Pc` m`h\didib k\mo dn \ nodgg \n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc+ N`k`\o oc` \]jq` kmj^`_pm` ajm \n gjib \n kjnnd]g`+ Eioc` adbpm` ]`gjr oc` ^pon \m` ncjri ]t ]mjf`i gdi`n+
B dbp m` 1+
Pc` ajggjrdib kmjk`mod`n ajggjr dhh`_d\o`gt amjh jpm É^poodibÑ kmj^`_pm`+%.& Pc` np]k\ocn n`k\m\o`_ ]t É^ponÑ \ggjr ajm `s\^ogt orj jmd`io\odjin+%/& Pc` g\no %jm oc` cdbc`no& np]k\oc dn \ ndhkg` n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc+%0& =gg joc`m np]k\ocn \m` ndhkg` k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn rcd^c c\q` oc` ajggjrdib
ajmh7 \ k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij ojkk`_ jaa rdoc \ n`lp`i^` ja q`mod^\g \i_cjmdujio\g no`kn+
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
Pc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg k\ocn ja oc` ajmh %0& \]jq` dn
rc`m` I$p ( q % dn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij`n \i_ %. Çp F)#'+ dn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg n`lp`i^`n ja q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g no`kn+Eo dn `\nt oj ^c`^f oc\o bdq`i \ n`lp`i^` ja k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn ja oc` ajmh
%-& \i_ \ ndhkg` n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc r` ^\i m`q`mn` jpm ^poodib kmj^`_pm`oj j]o\di \ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc+ D`i^` oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji n%s )t& ajmn`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn dn
y"$(y# 7 $ u " 4 0 4 W # 7 l R * Pd ) p ) q
Jjr r` ^jpio _dm`^o`_ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn+S` ^\i ocdif ja uk \n oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocn
r`dbco`_ ]t oc` iph]`m ja kjnnd]g` jmd`io\odjin _dqd_`_ ]t , %r` _dqd_` ]t , ndi^`oc` _dm`^odji \mjpi_ oc` jmdbdi dn ads`_&+ Pj f``k om\^f ja \gg kjnnd]g` jmd`io\odjinr` ^\i np]nodopo` /n ajm n \i_ /I ajm I di %0&) ndi^` oc`m` \m` / ^cjd^`n ja jmd`io\odjiajm `\^c ndhkg` np]k\oc+Oj
( kk 7
. * / Ld ) p ) qjm
d ) p ) q
Op]nodopodib %1& ajm yn' \i_ %0& ajm I di %4& r` c\q`
%4&
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=ao`m \i `\nt ndhkgdad^\odji
"2#% . * & ) q % W + d * .p * .q ) /pq ' p. ' q-
Jjr ^jind_`m \ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij+ ?jgg\kn` ji` no`k \gjib `\^cnd_` ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg` oj \ kjdio+ Op]_dqd_` oc` m`npgodib k\ocn dioj orjotk`n+
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
3
Ptk` .+ = n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc rdoc \ ^jii`^o`_ pidji ja q`mod^\g \i_ cjmd*ujio\g no`kn %kjnnd]gt `hkot& \oo\^c`_ oj oc` ]joojh ja oc` k\oc+ O`` oc` adbpm`]`gjr+ Pc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg k\ocn ja ocdn otk` dn
& $ & ( O %
B dbp m` 2+ = n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij \i_ ^jmm`nkji_dib k\oc ja otk` ++
B dbp m` 0 + = n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij \i_ ^jmm`nkji_dib k\oc ja otk` /+
k\oc ja otk` /+ Pc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg k\ocn ja otk` / dn
+d ) p ) q
Eo dn `\nt oj n`` oc\o r` ^\i pidlp`gt m`^jq`m oc` jmdbdi\g kjgtjhdij amjh \bdq`i k\oc ja otk` . jm /+ Pc`m`ajm`)
d ) p ) q
Ptk` /+ = iji*`hkot ^jii`^o`_ pidji ja no`kn+ Bdbpm` 0 ncjrn \i `s\hkg` ja \
rc`m` L $ p ( q & dn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h kjgtjhdij`n+Pc` a\^ojm ja pq di %6& ^jh`n amjh oc` a\^o oc\o rc`i m`^jq`mdib oc` jmdbdi\gkjgtjhdij r` di^m`\n` oc` ndu` ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg` ]t + \gjib `\^c nd_`+
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
+*
Bmjh %0&k $- p q%k
8 a I 8 - ) p ) O ) I % Zd ) p ) q
Op]nodopodib %0& ajm I \i_ %2& ajm n \i_ ndhkgdatdib
) s [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ 1pq[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[# % & % & : $â +d + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Ü "+ Çp q% WCUuW.pu)Wquu.pqu'pW'uqW ' +Ç.p .q .pq ' p. ( q.
Askm`nndib L $ p ( q & di o`mhn ja k $ p ( q & \i_ I$p(q% ( amjh %6& \i_ %.-& r` c\q`" ++#
" +,#
rc`m`,pq
"+ * p ) q %WCM W. pu Wqu W). pquO p.W' q.
\i_I : Z%. ) p ) q ) q + d ) . p .q ,pq ' q. ' p /&
I\fdib oc` np]nodopodjin \i_ ndhkgdatdib %./& r` b`o
Z )t Z q + d ) . p ) . q ) ,pq ( q. ( p.%.0&
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
++
+ (. @ >G>K:E < H GO>Q I HERHF BGH>L
Bdmno \ ]md`a jpogdi` ja jpm h`ocj_+ S` \m` dio`m`no`_ di j]o\didib oc` b`i`m\odibapi^odji @ ^jmm`nkji_dib oj \gg ^jiq`s kjgtjhdij`n+ Pc\o dn
KK
9 V e 4f" 3 0 * P ![ V Z "e [f Z3-8 .44.: .
rc`m` = $f (e & dn oc` iph]`m ja kjgtjhdij`n rdoc rd_oc f \i_ c`dbco h+S` pn` oc` n\h` m`_p^odji kmdi^dkg` \n ]`ajm` oj rmdo` @$p ( q % \n p q ^ $ p ( q%(
rc`m` , dn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ^jmm`nkji_dib oj \gg k\ocn j]o\di`_ amjh kjgt*jhdij`n ]t ^jgg\kndib ji` no`k \gjib `\^c nd_` ja oc` ]jpi_dib m`^o\ibg`+ Pc`i
,%';; f" 3 0 % ! 0 %s;;f" & N !e 4c" " %.1&
rc`m` ^ $p (q% dn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm jmd`io`_ k\ocn) \i_ Y $ p 5q% dn oc`^jmm`^odji o`mh+ Pc\o dn
Y$p ( q % 8 R Y >$f (e % p fqj4 . : .4 4.: .
rc`m` > $f (e & dn oc` iph]`m ja k\ocn rdoc rd_oc f \i_ c`dbco e r`dbco`_ ]t oc`iph]`m ja kjnnd]g` jmd`io\odjin hdipn /+ Oj Ysp ) q% dn oc` n\h` \n , %p ) q% `s^`ko`\^c k\oc dn ^jpio`_ , odh`n g`nn+S` j]o\di ^ $p(q% ]t ^jind_`mdib \ n`lp`i^` ja _dm`^o`_ no`kn ndhdg\m oj oc`
n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h ^\n`+ Bdi\ggt) \ao`m \ njh`odh`n o`_djpn \mbph`io) r` j]o\diY$p ( q % ]t rmdodib do \n \ api^odji ja k$p(q% \i_ k $ p ( q &+S` admno _`o`mhdi` , $p( q%* ?jind_`m \ n`lp`i^` ja pk) _jri) g`ao \i_ mdbco
no`kn ^jmm`nkji_dib oj \i jmd`io`_ k\oc+ Eo c\n oc` ajggjrdib kmjk`mod`n7%.& Pc` iph]`m ja pk %mdbco& no`kn dn `lp\g oj oc` iph]`m ja _jri %g`ao& no`kn8%/& Eo dn kjnnd]g` oj kd^f \ no\modib kjdio di np^c \ r\t oc\o \gg pk no`kn rdgg
km`^`_` \gg _jri no`kn \i_ do dn \gnj kjnnd]g` oj kd^f \ no\modib kjdio np^coc\o \gg mdbco no`kn rdgg km`^`_` \gg g`ao no`kn+ Jjod^` oc\o di oc` ^\n` ja \n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\oc oc`n` no\modib kjdion r`m` oc` n\h`+
Eo dn `\nt oj n`` oc\o c\qdib oc` \]jq` kmjk`mod`n ajm \ k\oc dn `lpdq\g`io oj]`dib ^jiq`s+ Oj) oj _`adi` \ k\oc rdoc e ;; - pk \i_ i ;; - mdbco no`kn r` ^\i_j oc` ajggjrdib+ ?cjjn` \ n`lp`i^` ja /h q`mod^\g \i_ /f cjmdujio\g no`kn+ Pc`m`
\m` % #uf W & r\tn oj _j ocdn+ ?cjjn` oc` u*oc q`mod^\g no`k oj ]` oc` admno pkO ,e %
no`k) oc`i oc` $a ' i&*oc no`k ]`^jh`n oc` admno _jri no`k+ Pc`m` \m` .e r\tn oj
K]hjg\m[]\ oal` h]je akkagf g^ l`] [ghqja_`l gof]j( ?mjl`]j j]hjg\m[lagf hjg`aZal]\ oal`gml h]je akkagf(
+,
_j ocdn+ ?cjjn` \it cjmdujio\g no`k oj ]` oc` admno mdbco no`k %/i kjnnd]dgdod`n&+ Oja\m r` c\q` ^jpio`_ `q`mt jmd`io`_ k\oc rdoc `q`mt kjnnd]g` no\modib kjdio+ Oj)
r` _dqd_` 1fe U f ]t ,i ( ,h %oc` ojo\g iph]`m ja no`kn& oj ^jpio `\^cR /f C
k\oc jigt ji^`+ Ei oc` ^\n` rc`i f : - %h : -& oc` iph]`m ja k\ocn rdoc e 9 -%i ;; -& pk no`kn dn .+ Pcpn
, ,X + qÇq à mi J*$ $ ,ih , ,i ( ,h X
i:g h7+ i:g $Zm+
Pc` . di oc` mdbco c\i_ nd_` \]jq` ^jpion oc` `hkot k\oc+S` b`o oc` `skgd^do ajmhpg\ ajm ^ $p(q% ]t m`no\odib oc` \]jq` di o`mhn ja
b`i`m\odib api^odjin+ Bjm ijr \nnph` oc\o `q`mt jmd`io`_ k\oc c\n \o g`\no ji`q`mod^\g no`k+
z ''''' "+/#d ) p ) qdn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg n`lp`i^`n ja q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g no`kn+ Ipgodkgt%.2& ]t q oj ^jpio oc` admno q`mod^\g no`k \n \ no\modib kjdio \i_ ^\gg oc` m`npgo+b($p(q%* Pc`i
f7 d ) p ) q
>dn`^o f rdoc m`nk`^o oj p \i_ q oj b`o md_ ja j__ kjr`mn ja p \i_ q \i_ g`o ^aZ ]`oc` m`npgo+ Pc`i
q & : C^a$p( q% ( Z ,d%Ç q% ( Z % s ) ) q % ( * q&
[ + , f $ f[[[[[[[[[[[ f[[[[[[[[[[[[f0 - p q - ' p q .Çp ( q - ' p ' q[[[[[[[ q.$+ Çt, ( p.%[[[[[[+Ç.p. ,t,Ç,p.q. ( \4. ( t.
Pj ^cjjn` oc` admno mdbco no`k) rc`i do `sdnon) r` hpgodkgt `q`mt o`mh di oc` kjr`mf +n`md`n EaZ$p( q% ]t don kjr`m ja p* `s^`ko ajm rcd^c ^jmm`nkji_n oj \gg jmd`io`_
+ * t,k\ocnrdoc ij cjmdujio\g no`kn+ Oj r` b`o
Jjr oj b`o , $p.( q .% r` \__ e rcd^c dn oc` b`i`m\odib api^odjiajm \gg k\ocnrdoc ij q`mod^\g no`kn+ Pcpn
#3 $ p .(q .% ) r j W ) W 8 p W ) ^ a Z $ p ( q %' +p. \p Ü +Çp.[ .p.q.$/ .p. ,t, ( ,p .q. p0 t1& Z t, Z
"+ Ç,\5,Ç,t,Ç,p.q. ( p 0 ( t.#, +Çt, +Ç\5,
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+-
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Y $ p ( q & : I$p(q% * $p(q% * L$p(q%
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Eo dn `\nt oj n`` oc\o oc`n` k\ocn \m` epno \gg n`lp`i^`n ja q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\gno`kn di^gp_dib oc` `hkot k\oc+ O`` oc` adbpm` ]`gjr+
C
B dbp m` 4+ As\hkg`n ja k\ocn rcd^c \ggjr ajm jigt ji` jmd`io\odji+
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+ p qPc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm \gg n`lp`i^`n ja pk \i_ g`ao no`kn rdoc \o g`\no ji`
pk \i_ ji` g`ao no`k dn % ÇZ Ç wÇ Y **** ****** + Oj)U - ) q d ) p b d ) p ) q
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+.
`\nd`no r\t oj _j ocdn dn ]t ]m`\fdib oc` k\oc _jri dioj \ n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\h k\ocmjo\o`_ ]t .5-z jm 6-z \i_ ejdi`_ rdoc \ ndhkg` k\oc qd\ \ n`lp`i^` ja q`mod^\g\i_ cjmdujio\g no`kn+ O`` oc` `s\hkg` ]`gjr+
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Pj _j ocdn hjm` mdbjmjpngt r` _`adi` \ kmZhYl` ja \ jmd`io`_ k\oc oj ]` \ ^ji*i`^o`_ pidji ja no`kn np^c oc\o do dn kjnnd]g` oj m`q`mn` oc` _dm`^odji ja `q`mt no`k\i_ b`o \ q\gd_ jmd`io\odji \mjpi_ oc` `iodm` k\oc) _daa`m`io amjh oc` jmdbdi\g+K]qdjpngt) oc` iph]`m ja pk %mdbco& no`kn di \ np]k\oc dn `lp\g oj oc` iph]`m
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oc` k\oc rdoc \ bdq`i jmd`io\odji+>t _`adidodji oc` pi_`mgtdib pidji ja no`kn ajm \ cdbc`no np]k\oc \ggjrn ajm
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+/
ji` jm orj ^cjd^`n ja oc` _dm`^odji+
B dbp m` 6+ As\hkg`n ja k\ocn rdoc orj ^cjd^`n ja _dm`^odji \gjib oc` ojk nd_`+
B db p m` .-+ As\hkg`n ja k\ocn rdoc ji` ^cjd^` ja _dm`^odji \gjib oc` ojk nd_`+
S` ^jind_`m oc`n` orj ^\n`n n`k\m\o`gt+
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+0
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Pc`i oc`m` \m` orj kjnnd]g` jmd`io\odjin \mjpi_ oc` ndhkg` n`hd*k\m\gg`gjbm\hk\oc+ Pc` iph]`m ja ^jh`mn di oc` m`npgodib k\oc dn `lp\g oj oc` nph ja oc`iph]`mn ja ^jmi`mn ja oc` didod\g k\ocn+? \n` /+ Pc` n`lp`i^` ja no`kn \o oc` `i_ ja oc` ijmh\g k\oc dn `hkot+ Pc`i
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--
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S` km`n`io \ b`i`m\gdu\odji ja Nj]dinji*O^c`ino`_ ^jmm`nkji_`i^` ajm \ k\m*od\ggt jm_`m`_ n`o+ Pc` i`r ^jmm`nkji_`i^` dn pn`_ oj _`q`gjk \ ^jii`^odji ]`or``i_dh`m ^jq`mdibn \i_ _dh`m o\]g`\ps) admno ijo`_ ]t C`nn`g \i_ Rd`iijo W.0Y+ S`oc`i apmoc`m b`i`m\gdu` oc` Nj]dinji*O^c`ino`_ ^jmm`nkji_`i^` oj \i \m]dom\mtk\mod\g jm_`m rdoc ^`mo\di m`nomd^odjin %^\gg`_ \ k\mod\g n`hdjm_`m& K ji \ n`o 2+S` _`adi` \ o\]g`\p rdoc m`nk`^o oj oc` m`g\odji K ^\gg`_ \i N*o\]g`\p \i_ kmjq`oc\o oc` i`r ^jmm`nkji_`i^` bdq`n \ ]de`^odji ]`or``i oc` n`o ja \gg n`lp`i^`n diL \i_ k\dmn ja N*o\]g`\p \i_ no\i_\m_ o\]g`\p ja oc` n\h` nc\k`+
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ja e g`ao*epnodad`_ mjrn rdoc mjr a ^jio\didib =) ^`ggn ajm . 7 a 7 e* S` rdgg rmdo`oc` _d\bm\h rdoc admno mjr ji oc` ojk \i_ oc` g\no mjr ji oc` ]joojh+= lYZd]Ym dn \i \mm\t j]o\di`_ ]t m`kg\^dib oc` ^`ggn ja oc` B`mm`mn _d\bm\h ]t
iph]`mn np^c oc\o oc` mjrn ja oc` \mm\t \m` nomd^ogt di^m`\ndib \i_ oc` ^jgphin jaoc` \mm\t \m` r`\fgt di^m`\ndib+= klYf\Yj\ lYZd]Ym ja nc\k` = oy f dn \ o\]g`\p rdoc `iomd`n . ) + + + ) f*M`] KgZafkgf)L[`]fkl]\ [gjj]khgf\]f[] $gj Yd_gjal`e% kmjqd_`n \ ]de`^odji ]`*
or``i oc` nthh`omd^ bmjpk Lf \i_ k\dmn ja no\i_\m_ o\]g`\p ja oc` n\h` nc\k`+ Eor\n admno _dn^jq`m`_ ]t Nj]dinji W.4Y \i_ g\o`m ji ]t O^c`ino`_ W.6Y+ S` rdgg ^\ggocdn \gbjmdoch O^c`ino`_Ün) ndi^` r` ]\n` jpm b`i`m\gdu\odjin ji O^c`ino`_Ün q`m*ndji+ Pcdn \gbjmdoch dn `\ndgt b`i`m\gdu`_ oj n`lp`i^`n m\oc`m oc\i `g`h`ion ja Lf *Ei ocdn g\o`m ^\n` do \nnj^d\o`n \ k\dm ^jio\didib \ o\]g`\p \i_ \ no\i_\m_ o\]g`\pja oc` n\h` nc\k` = c f oj \ n`lp`i^` ja f `g`h`ion+ = _`o\dg`_ _`n^mdkodji jaNj]dinji*O^c`ino`_ dn bdq`i ]t >mp^` A+ O\b\i di W.5Y+D`m` r` km`n`io orj b`i`m\gdu\odjin ja ocdn \gbjmdoch+Pc` admno b`i`m\gdu\odji) rcd^c r` ^\gg /*din`modji) dn dinkdm`_ ]t oc` ajggjrdib
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-0
?jind_`m \ ^jq`mdib ja \ /f p .e m`^o\ibg` ]t q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n+S`dbco \ cjmdujio\g _jhdij amjh ^jgphi a oj ^jgphi a ( . rdoc Qa \i_ \ q`mod^\g_jhdij amjh mjr a oj mjr a ' . rdoc e,e+ Bjm `s\hkg`
c\n r`dbco, , , , . , ,p -p.p a p a q-q.qr
Odi^` /i \i_ /h \m` `q`i) `q`mt p )| \i_ qb hpno j^^pm oj \i `q`i kjr`m+ Ea r`m`kg\^` pW \i_ qb rdoc oc`dm nlp\m` mjjon) r` b`o oc` b`i`m\odib api^odji ajm É_dh`mo\]g`\psÑ ) _`n^md]`_ ]`gjr %n`` n`^odji 0 ajm mdbjmjpn _`adidodji&+ P\f` \i f p em`^o\ibg` \i_ nkgdo do dioj orj k\mododjin \n ncjri ]`gjr
Bdgg oc` pkk`m k\mododji rdoc oc` dio`b`mn di v+) + + + )i Ç+x nj oc\o oc` dio`b`mn dioc` n\h` mjr \m` di^m`\ndib ]t \o g`\no , amjh g`ao oj mdbco \i_ oc` dio`b`mn dioc` n\h` ^jgphi \m` di^m`\ndib ]t \o g`\no Ç. amjh ojk oj ]joojh+ Bdgg oc` gjr`mk\mododji rdoc dio`b`mn di v+) + + + )h Ç+x nj oc\o oc` dio`b`mn di oc` n\h` mjr \m`di^m`\ndib ]t \o g`\no z+ amjh mdbco oj g`ao \i_ oc` dio`b`mn di oc` n\h` ^jgphi\m` di^m`\ndib ]t \o g`\no , amjh ]joojh oj ojk+Bjm `s\hkg`
+ 1 0 6 2
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-1
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c%+& Z +
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Coc\o Qa)a 7 Qa ajm a : , ) + + + ) i+H`o Y a ( Y(+) + + + ) Yf ]` \ ^c\di rdoc m`nk`^o oj O \i_ g`o Qc(Qc'a ) + + + ) d h ]` \
n`lp`i^` ja kjndodq` dio`b`mn+ Pc` di_dqd_p\g /*din`modji \gbjmdoch \^on ji ]joc\ d )\ /) | | |) g(f \i_ Qc(Qc'+) + + | ( pe \n ajggjrn+
?\n` .+ Ea Qc dn m`g\o`_ oj \gg \ eÜn oc`i oc` m`nomd^odji ja O oj sYU )*,)+ | |) \à) s')x dn\ ojo\g jm_`m+ Ein`mo Qc pndib oc` m`nomd^odji ja oc` jm_di\mt O^c`ino`_Ün mjr din`m*
codji oj epno ji` mjr+ Pc\o dn da Qc 9 g(f \__ Qc \o oc` `i_ ja YU( \/) + + + ) \ i) joc`mrdn`]phk %m`kg\^`& Yb hdi%\u* w \)* ;; pU^% ]t Qc) N`hjq` Qc amjh Qc(Qc'` ÅÅÅa pe)
?\n` /+ A Qc dn m`g\o`_ oj \gg g ^ n `s^`ko ajm njh` Yb( oc`i Qc ]phkn Yb* N`hjq`p c amjh p c( p c' a ( * * * ( pe*
?\n` 0+ Pc` g\no kjnnd]dgdot dn \7#dn ijo m`g\o`_ oj Yb \i_ Yb'a ajm njh` b * Jjod^`oc\o ocdn ^\i c\kk`i jigt rc`i Qc : Yb ( + : Yb'a ++H`o Qc( Qc'a( ÅÅâ) Qc'h ]` oc` gjib`no ^jin`^podq` np]n`lp`i^` ja Qc ( * * * ( pe
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-2
Eo ajggjrn `\ndgt amjh oc` \]jq` _`adidodji oc\o oc` jmdbdi\g ^c\di m`h\din \ ^c\didi O \ao`m \it di_dqd_p\g /*din`modji+S` pn` Bf k w oj _`n^md]` oc` /*din`modji \gbjmdoch ]`gjr+H`o L p d) ]` \ n`lp`i^` ja dio`b`mn+ Eidod\ggt n`o LU : L( O, : -) O- :
- ) + + + ) \i_ n`o m s) m/) + + + oj ]` \ n`lp`i^` ja `hkot ^c\din di O*Oo\modib rdoc La( \kkgt BfkV oj L( m`k`\o`_gt piodg oc` g\no `g`h`io ja O)* dn di*
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Pc` m`\nji r` _`adi`_ oc` ,*din`modji \gbjmdoch ]t \kkgtdib di_dqd_p\g din`m*odjin oj ji` mjr \o \ odh` dn oc` ajggjrdib+ = ^jin`^podq` k\dm ja `g`h`ion di 2erdgg jao`i b`i`m\o` \ ^jin`^podq` k\dm ja `g`h`ion di La'a( ]t ]phkdib jm a\ggdibocmjpbc `doc`m di ji` jm orj di_dqd_p\g /*din`modjin+ H\o`m r` rdgg kmjq` oc\o da ocdnc\kk`in \i_ oc` k\dm di 28 dn di^m`\ndib ]t \o g`\no , oc`i oc` m`npgodib k\dm di 2e(ddn di^m`\ndib ]t \o g`\no /+ Pc` j]qdjpn `lpdq\g`io ja ocdn kmjk`mot ajm oc` jm_di\mtO^c`ino`_ \gbjmdoch dn r`gg*fijri+ Pcdn kmjk`mot ja oc` /*din`modji rdgg c`gk pn_`q`gjk oc` ^jii`^odji ]`or``i oc` ,*din`modji \gbjmdoch \i_ oc` _dh`m kmj]g`h+Djr`q`m da r` \kkgt di_dqd_p\g din`modjin \gg oc` r\t ocmjpbc oc` \]jq` kmjk`mot jaoc` /*din`modji \gbjmdoch rdgg ij gjib`m cjg_+ Bjm dino\i^` di oc` \]jq` `s\hkg` \idi^m`\ndib rdoc m`nk`^o oj O k\dm 1)4) `q`iop\ggt b`i`m\o`n \ iji*di^m`\ndib k\dm 4)5+
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no\i_\m_ o\]g`\p K rdoc f `iomd`n ja oc` n\h` nc\k`) r` ^\i \kkgt ocdn \gbjmdochoj j]o\di \ n`lp`i^`+ Pj kmjq` ocdn r` c\q` oj ncjr oc\o oc` di_dqd_p\g din`modjim`^jq`mt \gbjmdoch ^\i ]` \kkgd`_ m`k`\o`_gt oj oc` k\dm P) K*Bdmno r` j]n`mq` oc\o di oc` kmjja ja oc` oc`jm`h \]jq` r` c\q` ijo \nnph`_
oc\o jb$I%( jb$J%( Lb'-( \i_ Bb'a r`m` kmj_p^`_ ]t oc` ,*din`modji \gbjmdoch`s^`ko di %34&+ Oj \gg r` c\q` oj kmjq` dn oc\o Yi di %34& `sdno+Opkkjn` oc\o \ao`m \kkgtdib oc` di_dqd_p\g /*din`modji m`^jq`mt \gbjmdoch oj \
k\dm ja o\]g`\ps \ iph]`m ja odh`n r` `i_ pk rdoc
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Oj oc` m`^jq`m`_ n`lp`i^` dn
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nc\k` h m`ag`^o`_ rdoc m`nk`^o oj oc` _d\bji\g oj ajmh \i f s e m`^o\ibg`+%1& Il c\n `iomd`n di v+) ,) + + + ) ,i Ç+x+%2& Jl c\n `iomd`n di v+), ) + + + ),h Ç+x+
S` rdgg m`km`n`io oc` _dh`m o\]g`\p \n \i f s h m`^o\ibg` rdoc Il di oc` ojk g`ao^jmi`m %oc` ojk o\]g`\p& \i_ Jl m`ag`^o`_ rdoc m`nk`^o oj oc` _d\bji\g di oc` gjr`mg`ao ^jmi`m %oc` ]joojh o\]g`\p&+ Jjod^` oc\o Jl dn \ ,*o\]g`\p \i_ ijo \ no\i_\m_o\]g`\p+ S` c\q` ^cjn`i ocdn ijo\odji oj npbb`no oc` mjg` `\^c k\mo ja oc` _dh`mo\]g`\p dn bjdib oj kg\t di jpm ]de`^odji ]po ijo oj ^jiapn` oc` m`\_`m+
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M`] \ae]j hjgZd]e dn ^ji^`mi`_ rdoc oc` iph]`m ja r\tn ja ^jq`mdib \ m`^o\ibg`rdoc . s / %q`mod^\g& \i_ / s . %cjmdujio\g& m`^o\ibg`n %_jhdij`n&+ C`nn`g \i_Rd`iijo W.0Y c\q` ncjri oc\o oc` iph]`m ja ^jq`mdibn ja \ .f s /h m`^o\ibg` ]t /aq`mod^\g \i_ ,b cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n dn `lp\g oj oc` iph]`m j a i s h _dh`m o\]g`\psrdoc a `iomd`n di Il \i_ b `iomd`n di Jl*Ei a\^o) oc`t kmjq`_ oc` ajggjrdib nomjib`m m`npgo+ = _jhdij ^jq`mdib ja \
,f s ,h m`^o\ibg` c\n \i `q`i iph]`m ja cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n no\modib di `\^c^jgphi+ Odhdg\mgt) do c\n \i `q`i iph]`m ja q`mod^\g _jhdij`n no\modib di `\^cmjr+H`o = ]` oc` n`o ja ^jq`mdibn ja \ ,i s ,h m`^o\ibg` rdoc .`s cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n
no\modib di ^jgphi a "+ 9 a 7 .f% \i_ ,nl q`mod^\g _jhdij`n no\modib di mjr a"+ 9 a 9 ,h&+H`o M ]` oc` n`o ja _dh`m o\]g`\ps np^c oc\o Il c\n `a `iomd`n ja a ajm + 9 a 7 .f
\i_ Jl c\n Oa `iomd`n ja a ajm + 9 a 7 ,h+Pc`i oc` iph]`m ja `g`h`ion ja = dn `lp\g oj oc` iph]`m ja `g`h`ion ja M*Pc` kmj]g`h r` \m` ^ji^`mi`_ rdoc) \gocjpbc ijo njgq`_ c`m` di apgg b`i`m\gdot)
dn oj adi_dib \ ndhkg` ]de`^odji ]`or``i oc`n` orj n`on+Bdmno ^jind_`m oc` ndhkg` nk`^d\g ^\n` f : .+ @jhdij ^jq`mdibn ja \ / s /h
m`^o\ibg` \m` q`mt `\nt oj _`n^md]`+ =it ^jq`mdib ja , s /h m`^o\ibg` dn \ n`lp`i^`
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ja k\dmn ja cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n jm ndibg` q`mod^\g _jhdij`n \n di oc` `s\hkg` ]`gjr+
. 0 2 4 6 . . . 0
Pj ^jinomp^o \ _dh`m o\]g`\p ja nc\k` . T h jpo ja ocdn ^jq`mdib) r` rmdo` _jrino\modib ^jgphin ja \gg cjmdujio\g k\dmn di di^m`\ndib jm_`m oj ajmh oc` ojk o\]g`\p+Ei oc` \]jq` `s\hkg` oc` ojk o\]g`\p dn
+ 2 4 .0
Bjm oc` ]joojh o\]g`\p r` rmdo` \ . ajm `\^c q`mod^\g k\dm ja _jhdij`n+ Oj) oc`_dh`m o\]g`\p ^jmm`nkji_dib oj oc` \]jq` `s\hkg` dn
+ 2 4 .0 + + +
Eo dn `\nt oj n`` oc\o bdq`i \ _dh`m o\]g`\p $Il( Jl% ja nc\k` + s h r` ^\i m`^jq`moc` _dh`m ^jq`mdib ]t kg\^dib \ k\dm ja cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n no\modib di ^jgphi a ajm`\^c a di Il \i_ adggdib `q`mtocdib `gn` di oc` / s e m`^o\ibg` ]t q`mod^\g _jhdij`n+Jjr r` rjpg_ gdf` oj ^jind_`m \ hjm` _daad^pgo nk`^d\g ^\n`) rc`m` \gg q`mod^\g \i_
cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n no\mo di j__ mjrn \i_ ^jgphin m`nk`^odq`gt+ Ei joc`m rjm_n r`_dqd_` \ ,m\s ,h m`^o\ibg` dioj , s , nlp\m`n \i_ ^jq`m `\^c nlp\m` rdoc q`mod^\gjm cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n+ O`` `s\hkg` ]`gjr+
+
-
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Ea \ / s / nlp\m` rcd^c gd`n di mjrn /a Ç. \i_ /a \i_ ^jgphin /b Ç. \i_ /b dn^jq`m`_ ]t cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n r` r`dbco do rdoc Qa joc`mrdn` r` r`dbco do rdoc
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Nb* H`o oc` r`dbco ja \ ^jq`mdib ]` oc` kmj_p^o ja r`dbcon ja don / s / nlp\m`n+Pc`i oc` nph ja r`dbcon ja \gg np^c ^jq`mdibn ja \ /i s /h m`^o\ibg` dn
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H`o P ]` \ o\]g`\p ja nc\k` =+ S`dbco `\^c `iomt ja a di M ]t s)*+ H`o oc` r`dbcoja \ o\]g`\p ]` \ kmj_p^o ja r`dbcon ja \gg don `iomd`n+ @`adi` \ O^cpm api^odji /8o%s&oj ]` oc` nph ja r`dbcon ja \gg o\]g`\ps ja nc\k` h*?jind_`m
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rc`m` oc` nph dn jq`m \gg k\mododjin = rdoc \o hjno f k\mon \i_ g\mb`no k\mo \ohjno h)
=$ : % i *= $h) + + + ) i * = d &
=$ : %=d) + + + ) =h& dn oc` ^jiepb\o` ja =
>t oc` _`adidodji ja oc` O^cpm api^odji) %36& dn \ nph ja r`dbcon ja \gg k\dmn jao\]g`\ps rcd^c ado ojb`oc`m oj ajmh \i f#Q *e m`^o\ibg`+ S` ^\i qd`r ocdn \n oc`nph ja r`dbcon ja \gg _dh`m o\]g`\ps rdoc j__ `iomd`n+ Pcdn bdq`n \ ^jh]di\ojmd\gdio`mkm`o\odji ja I\^_ji\g_Ün ajmhpg\ W.1) As+ 2) k+04Y
f Z
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admno _dn^jq`m`_ ]t C`nn`g \i_ Rd`iijo di W.0Y+D`m` r` _`n^md]` \ ]de`^odji ]`or``i oc` ^jq`mdibn ja \ /i s /e m`^o\ibg` rdoc
\gg q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n no\modib di j__ mjrn \i_ ^jgphin \i_ _dh`mo\]g`\ps np^c oc\o Il \i_ Jl c\q` jigt j__ `iomd`n+ Pcdn m`npgo ajggjrn amjh oc`jm_di\mt O^c`ino`_ \gbjmdoch \i_ r\n jmdbdi\ggt _dn^jq`m`_ ]t N`hh`g W.2Y+
=]^af alagf ( = `gjargflYd f)kljah di \ g`ao epnodad`_ \mm\t) jm di k\mod^pg\m) di \o\]g`\p) dn \ n`lp`i^` ja f `iomd`n np^c oc\o ij orj gd` di oc` n\h` ^jgphi \i_ mjr^jjm_di\o`n \m` r`\fgt di^m`\ndib \n ^jgphi ^jjm_di\o`n \m` di^m`\ndib+=i af[j]Ykaf_ `gjargflYd kljah dn \ cjmdujio\g nomdk np^c oc\o `iomd`n \m` di^m`\ndib
amjh g`ao oj mdbco+Bjm jpm ^jinomp^odji r` i``_ oc` ajggjrdib kmjk`mot ja oc` jm_di\mt O^c`ino`_
\gbjmdoch+
? g\ dh .2+ E]l s d ) + + + ) pa Z] Y k]im]f[] o`a[` ak jmf l`jgm_` l`] gj\afYjq L[`]f)kl]\ Yd_gjal`e* Lmhhgk] p i( sb( d ) + + + ( p _'c ak Yf af[j]Ykaf_ [gfk][mlan] kmZk])im]f[] g ^ p a ) + + + ) pa* M`]f i( i ' - ( * * * (i ' c ^gje Yf af[j]Ykaf_ `gjargflYd c)kljahaf l`] J lYZd]Ym*
=gocjpbc oc` \]jq` kmjk`mot ja oc` O^c`ino`_Ün din`modji dn r`gg*fijri r` kmjq`do c`m` ]`^\pn` ja don dhkjmo\io b`i`m\gdu\odji ajm ,*din`modji+
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/.
L mjj a+ Eo dn ^g`\mgt npaad^d`io oj kmjq` oc` \]jq` no\o`h`io ajm \ ^jin`^podq`di^m`\ndib k\dm p _( p _'a* Ein`mo p _* Ea p _ `so`i_n oc` admno mjr ja oc` L o\]g`\poc`i r` \m` _ji`) ndi^` p _'a rdgg `io`m oj oc` mdbco ja p i*Opkkjn` p i `io`mn oc` admno mjr di ^jgphi b \i_ ]phkn Y a b * Pc`i oc`m` \m` orj
^\n`n oj ^jind_`m+Bdmno) da b(d `so`i_n oc` admno mjr do rdgg ^m`\o` \ i`r `iomt oj oc` mdbco ja \gg
joc`m `iomd`n \i_ ocpn i \i_ i ( + rdgg ajmh \i di^m`\ndib cjmdujio\g ,*nomdk di oc`M o\]g`\p+O`^ji_) da p _'a ]phkn Y a b;;) do ajggjrn _dm`^ogt amjh oc` _`adidodji ja O^c`ino`_
din`modji oc\o b 7 b -\i_ Ydlb 9 ^l e$+ Pcpn dn \i di^m`\ndib k\dm rcd^c dnbjdib oj ]` din`mo`_ dioj oc` n`^ji_ mjr+ Oj r` ^\i m`hjq` oc` admno mjr ja oc` Lo\]g`\p \i_ m`k`\o oc` \]jq` \mbph`io+
Pj ^jinomp^o \ _dh`m o\]g`\p amjh \ ^jq`mdib rdoc \gg q`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g_jhdij`n no\modib di j__ mjrn \i_ ^jgphin r` admno ^m`\o` \ [gn]jaf_ k]im]f[]p a ) + + + ) Qc \n ajggjrn+ Smdo` _jri oc` no\modib ^jgphi kjndodjin ja `\^c cjmdujio\gk\dm ja _jhdij`n di oc` admno orj mjrn %oc` ojk , s ,f m`^o\ibg`& amjh g`ao oj mdbco+S` ^\gg ocdn n`lp`i^` oc` admno jgo k]im]f[]* Ei oc` n\h` h\ii`m r` m`^jm_ \ggjoc`m mjr n`lp`i^`n amjh ojk oj ]joojh+ K]qdjpngt) oc` _dh`m ^jq`mdib dn pidlp`gt_`adi`_ ]t oc` n`lp`i^` ja don mjr n`lp`i^`n+ S` ^m`\o` \ n`lp`i^` p a ( * * * (Q c ]trmdodib _jri \gg mjr n`lp`i^`n n`lp`iod\ggt di di^m`\ndib jm_`m amjh g`ao oj mdbco+Bjm `s\hkg`) n`lp`i^` ^jmm`nkji_dib oj oc` \]jq` ^jq`mdib dn
. )2 )6 ). )4 )0 )2 ) 4
Jjod^` oc\o bdq`i Qa ) + + + (Qc r` ^\i m`^jq`m oc` ^jq`mdib da r` fijr oc` iph]`mja `g`h`ion di `\^c mjr n`lp`i^`+>t \kkgtdib O^c`ino`_Ün \gbjmdoch oj p a ) + + + ) p+W r` b`o \ k\dm %L)M& ja o\]g`\ps
ja oc` n\h` nc\k`+ Ei jpm `s\hkg`
+ 0 2 4
+ 2 4
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>t oc` ^g\dh \]jq` `\^c mjr n`lp`i^` ^jmm`nkji_n oj \i di^m`\ndib cjmdujio\gnomdk di oc` M o\]g`\p %\i `hkot mjr n`lp`i^` ^jmm`nkji_n oj \ cjmdujio\g -*nomdk&+= cjmdujio\g nomdk ^jmm`nkji_dib oj oc` doc mjr n`lp`i^` dn ^\gg`_ a`] aa` `gjargflYdjgo kljah \i_ dn _`ijo`_ ]t `s*Pj m`^jq`m oc` jmdbdi\g ^jq`mdib do dn npaad^d`io oj m`h`h]`m oc` L o\]g`\p \i_ \gg
cjmdujio\g mjr nomdkn+ Oj di \__dodji oj ndhkgt \kkgtdib O^c`ino`_Ün \gbjmdoch r`\gnj f``k om\^f ja cjmdujio\g mjr nomdkn+ Jjod^` oc\o bdq`i \ M o\]g`\p r` ^\i adi_\gg oc` cjmdujio\g mjr nomdkn da r` fijr oc` iph]`m ja `iomd`n di `\^c cjmdujio\g mjr
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//
nomdk jm `lpdq\g`iogt oc` iph]`m ja `g`h`ion di `\^c mjr n`lp`i^`+ J\h`gt) da ia dnoc` iph]`m ja `iomd`n di `a oc`i ^`ggn ^jio\didib +) + + + (ia ajmh `a( ^`ggn ^jio\didibia ' . ) + + + ) iU ( /, ajmh `a \i_ nj ajmoc+ Bjm dino\i^` di oc` \]jq` `s\hkg` oc` mjrn`lp`i^`n c\q` 0) , ) \i_ 1 `iomd`n m`nk`^odq`gt+ Oj) oc` `a n \m`
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Jjr r` kmjq` oc` ajggjrdib+
? g\ dh .3+ M`] k`Yh] g ^ l`] J lYZd]Ym Yf\ I lYZd]Ym gZlYaf]\ Zq jmffaf_ Y[gn]jaf_ k]im]f[] p U ( * * * (Q c [gjj]khgf\af_ lg Y \geafg [gn]jaf_ g ^ Yf /f T /hj][lYf_d] l`jgm_` L[`]fkl]\~k Yd_gjal`e vlk afka\] Yf f p e j][lYf_d]*
L mjj a+ Pc` gjib`no di^m`\ndib mjr n`lp`i^` di p a ) + + + ) Qc c\n g`iboc ijo bm`\o`moc\i f* Pc`m`ajm`) oc` gjib`no di^m`\ndib np]n`lp`i^` ja p X ) + + + ) c\n g`iboc ijobm`\o`m oc\i f* Odi^` oc` g`iboc ja oc` admno mjr ja oc` M o\]g`\p dn `lp\g oj oc`g`iboc ja oc` gjib`no di^m`\ndib np]n`lp`i^`) oc` g`iboc ja oc` admno mjr ja oc` Mo\]g`\p dn \o hjno f* Pc` gjib`no _`^m`\ndib np]n`lp`i^` g^ p a ( * * * (Qc c\n g`ibocijo bm`\o`m oc\i e* Pc`m`ajm` oc` g`iboc ja oc` admno ^jgphi ja oc` M o\]g`\p dn \ohjno e*
Jjr r` _`adi` \ h\k =gex( rcd^c o\f`n \ M /*o\]g`\p oj don É^jhkg`h`ioÑ J*Pcdn h\k dn \ ]de`^odji rcd^c r\n jmdbdi\ggt _dn^jq`m`_ ]t N+ Oo\ig`t di \ ngdbcogt_daa`m`io ajmh+ H`o M ]` \ no\i_\m_ o\]g`\p rcd^c adon dind_` \i f s e m`^o\ibg`\i_ g`o ` U ( * * * ( `e ]` \ n`lp`i^` ja di^m`\ndib cjmdujio\g nomdkn di M np^c oc\o
%.& ` aO ` . N ÅÅÅN`e 8 M%,& `a Q `.Q |||Q `b dn \ no\i_\m_ o\]g`\p ajm \it b *
Pc`i=geJ$$`a`. * * * ` e%% 8 M
rc`m` P dn \i \mm\t n\odnatdib oc` ajggjrdib ^ji_dodjin%.& M dn \ o\]g`\p rdoc j__ `iomd`n m`ag`^o`_ rdoc m`nk`^o oj oc` _d\bji\g+%/& Pc` nc\k` ja M adon ojb`oc`m rdoc oc` nc\k` ja M oj ajmh \i f s e m`^o\ibg`+%0& da `a c\n B `iomd`n oc`i M ^jio\din `s\^ogt f B `iomd`n ja .a Ç.+
Pc` h\k =gex dn _`adi`_ ]t \i \gbjmdoch rcd^c r` \gnj ^\gg =geJ* Pj \qjd_\h]dbpdot rc`i`q`m i`^`nn\mt r` rdgg m`a`m oj =geJ `doc`m \n \i \gbjmdoch jm \n\ h\k+Pc` \gbjmdoch =gex rjmfn \n ajggjrn+ Lg\^` M di oc` ojk g`ao ^jmi`m ja \i
f s h pido g\ood^` \n ncjri ]`gjr+
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Ea oc` g`iboc ja `a dn i) `a c\n `iomd`n di ^jgphin . )/ ) + + + ) i ja oc` g\ood^`+ Aio`m +di oc` ]joojh mjr ja oc` g\ood^` di ^jgphin i ( .) + + + )m\+ Bjm `a `io`m 0 di `q`mt^jgphi pipn`_ ]t `a di oc` gjr`no pipn`_ ^`gg+ Odhdg\mgt) ajm `\^c `b r` `io`m/a Ç+ di `q`mt ^jgphi pipn`_ ]t `a* Bjm `\^c ^jgphi oc` `iomt dn h\_` di oc`gjr`no pipn`_ nlp\m`+ S` rdgg _`ijo` `b \ cjmdujio\g nomdk ajmh`_ ]t oc` d Ün di oc`g\ood^`+ H`o
a : `a Q `.Q ||| Q `e
]` oc` orj _dh`indji\g \mm\t epno ^m`\o`_+>`gjr r` pn` oc` M o\]g`\p amjh jpm `s\hkg` oj _`hjinom\o` oc` kmjbm`nndji
ja M rdoc oc` \__dodji ja `\^c `s*
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L mjj a+ S` ^\i n`` ]t di_p^odji ji b oc\o `a ) `a Q`a Q|||Q`b ado ojb`oc`m rdoc`a Q `a Q|||Q `b oj ajmh \ m`^o\ibg` ajm \it b * Odi^` oc` nc\k` ja `a Q`a Q|| |Q`bdn \ B`mm`mn _d\bm\h) oc` nc\k` ja `a Q `a Q ||âQ `b dn \ B`mm`mn _d\bm\h m`ag`^o`_rdoc m`nk`^o oj oc` _d\bji\g+ Ijm`jq`m) ndi^` `iomd`n di `b \m` di^m`\ndib \n b dndi^m`\ndib) M dn \ o\]g`\p m`ag`^o`_ rdoc m`nk`^o oj oc` _d\bji\g+Pcdn ^jhkg`o`n oc` _`adidodji ja =gex*Eo dn `\nt oj n`` amjh don _`n^mdkodji oc\o oc` \gbjmdoch =gjj^l dn m`q`mn\]g`+
Pc\o dn) bdq`i M r` ^\i pidlp`gt m`^jq`m oc` jmdbdi\g n`lp`i^` ja cjmdujio\g mjrnomdkn oc\o ajmh oc` o\]g`\p M* D`i^` %?jhW #'+ `sdno \i_ oc`m`ajm`
=gjj^[ dn \ ]de`^odji
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H`o =+ ]` oc` n`o ja \gg _jhdij ^jq`mdibn ja \ /i s /h m`^o\ibg` np^c oc\o \ggq`mod^\g \i_ cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n no\mo di j__ mjrn \i_ ^jgphin \i_ g`o > + ]` oc`n`o ja _dh`m o\]g`\ps ja nc\k` f Q e rdoc j__ `iomd`n+ @`adi` \ h\k
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\n ajggjrn+Bjm \ _dh`m ^jq`mdib ja \ /i s /h m`^o\ibg` rmdo` _jri oc` ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^`+
=kkgt O^c`ino`_Ün \gbjmdoch oj ocdn ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^` oj b`o L \i_ M o\]g`\ps+=n r` c\q` ncjri ]`ajm`) oc` M o\]g`\p j]o\di`_ ocdn r\t dn \ pidji ja cjmdujio\gmjr n`lp`i^`n+ =kkgt =geJ oj oc` n`lp`i^` ja cjmdujio\g mjr n`lp`i^`n oj b`oJ* Odi^` oc` L \i_ M o\]g`\ps c\q` oc` n\h` nc\k`) J adon ojb`oc`m rdoc oc` Lo\]g`\p oj ajmh \ _dh`m o\]g`\p
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L mjj a+ Eo dn ^g`\m amjh jpm _`n^mdkodji ja - \]jq` oc\o - dn die`^odq`+ Pj ncjroc\o - '+ `sdnon ^jind_`m \ _dh`m o\]g`\p Il QJl : M á > + ja nc\k` f p h+ >t_`adidodji ja oc` _dh`m o\]g`\p) Jl c\n `iomd`n amjh oc` n`o v.)0)2) + + + ) ,h Ç+x+Bjm `\^c b ( Jl c\n \o hjno f `iomd`n ja b * Pc`m`ajm`) oc` g`iboc ja `b di %?jhW #'+dn \o hjno f \i_ \o g`\no -+ D`i^`) oc` g`iboc ja `b dn \o hjno f \i_ \o g`\no -+Oj amjh M r` ^\i m`^jq`m h mjr n`lp`i^`n ja g`iboc \o hjno i) rcd^c pidlp`gt_`adi` \ ^jq`mdib+
Jjr r` rjpg_ gdf` oj n`` rc\o c\kk`in da r` \ggjr cjmdujio\g _jhdij`n oj no\modi \it ^jgphi+
@ `adi dodji + H`o =U ]` oc` n`o ja \gg ^jq`mdibn ja \ /i s /h m`^o\ibg` np^c oc\o \gg
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q`mod^\g _jhdij`n no\mo di j__ mjrn+ O`` `s\hkg` ]`gjr+
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@ `adi dodji + H`o >U ]` oc` n`o ja \gg _dh`m o\]g`\p M : Il Q Jl ja nc\k` f s erdoc oc` ajggjrdib kmjk`mod`n
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41 \i_ \n ]`ajm` r` \m` _ji`+ Ea jigt Td%+ `so`i_n 41 oc`i a `io`mn oc` M /*o\]g`\p]`gjr oc` admno mjr \i_ ndi^` oc` o\]g`\p dn no\i_\m_ hpno `io`m nomd^ogt oj oc` g`aoja a *a ++
Pc` ^g\dh \]jq` ncjrn oc\o oc` g`hh\ cjg_n ajm ^jin`^podq` di^m`\ndib k\dmn+ Eoajggjrn `\ndgt amjh ocdn oc\o oc` g`hh\ cjg_n ajm \i \m]dom\mt) di^m`\ndib rdocm`nk`^o oj O( ^jin`^podq` np]n`lp`i^`+
S` _`adi` mjr \i_ ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^`n \n ]`ajm`+ Pc` jigt _daa`m`i^` rdoc oc`km`qdjpn ^\n` dn oc\o ijr mjr n`lp`i^`n c\q` `q`i \n r`gg \n j__ `g`h`ion+ Bjmdino\i^` ajm \ _dh`m ^jq`mdib di jpm `s\hkg` oc` ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^` dn
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Fpno \n ]`ajm` oc` n`lp`i^` ja mjr n`lp`i^`n _`adi`n \ _dh`m ^jq`mdib \i_ bdq`i\ ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^` r` ^\i m`^jq`m oc` n`lp`i^` ja mjr n`lp`i^`n da r` fijr oc`g`iboc ja `\^c mjr n`lp`i^`+=kkgt oc` /*din`modji \gbjmdoch oj \ ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^`+ >t oc` g`hh\ \]jq`)
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L mjj a+ M c\n `iomd`n di v.) + + + ) .f .x \i_ ndi^` `\^c mjr ja M dn \ n`lp`i^`di^m`\ndib ]t \o g`\no /) oc` g`iboc ja oc` admno mjr ja M dn \o hjno f* >t _`adidodjija oc` ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^`) p a ( * * * (Q c ^jio\din \o hjno e ^jin`^podq` di^m`\ndibnp]n`lp`i^`n+ D`i^`) ]t oc` km`qdjpn g`hh\) M ^jio\din \o hjno e di^m`\ndibcjmdujio\g nomdkn+ Pc`m`ajm` oc` g`iboc ja oc` admno ^jgphi ja M dn \o hjno e*
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cjmdujio\g nomdkn di oc` M /*o\]g`\p ^jmm`nkji_dib oj mjr n`lp`i^`n \m`
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nomdkn ` a ) + + + ) `e* >t oc` _`adidodji ja %=gjj^a%ud
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c\n oc` n\h` nc\k` \n L + Oj) r` ^\i \kkgt oc` diq`mn` ja /*din`modji oj b`o\ ^jq`mdib n`lp`i^` p X ) + + + ) Qc) Odi^` r` fijr oc` g`iboc ja `\^c cjmdujio\g mjrnomdk r` ^\i n`k\m\o` Q a ) + + + ) Qc dioj oc` n`lp`i^` ja mjr n`lp`i^`n+ Pc` jigt ocdibg`ao oj kmjq` dn oc\o oc` mjr n`lp`i^`n j]o\di`_ ocdn r\t \m` di a\^o di^m`\ndib ]t\o g`\no /+ Oj r` jigt i``_ oc` ajggjrdib+
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ak Y [gfk][mlan] kmZk]im]f[] g ^ p a ) + + + ) Qc af[j]Ykaf_ Zq Yl d]Ykl .*
L mjj a+ Eo dn `\nt oj n`` oc\o do dn npaad^d`io oj kmjq` oc\o da i \i_ i ' . ajmh \idi^m`\ndib cjmdujio\g nomdk di oc` M ,*o\]g`\p oc`i b(d pi ;; , + S` c\q` \gm`\_tkmjq`_ oc` ^jiq`mn` ja ocdn no\o`h`io di ?g\dh /.+ Pc\o dn) r` c\q` kmjq`_ oc\oda Çp i 9 / oc\i i \i_ i ( . ajmh \i di^m`\ndib cjmdujio\g nomdk+ D`i^` da r`kmjq` oc\o da Tb(d Çp i , oc`i i \i_ i % + _j ijo ajmh \i di^m`\ndib cjmdujio\gnomdk di oc` M /*o\]g`\p) oc` g`hh\ rdgg ajggjr dhh`_d\o`gt+Opkkjn` p i'a p i Z /+ =gnj npkkjn` oc\o) rc`i din`mo`_ dioj oc` admno mjr)
i`doc`m p i ijm b(d `so`i_ oc` admno mjr \i_ ocpn b`i`m\o` \ k\dm qi( qi'a C Eodn `\nt oj n`` oc\o t<(d Çqi Z , + Oj rdocjpo gjnn ja b`i`m\gdot r` ^\i \nnph` oc\o`doc`m pi jm Qi'a `so`i_ jU* Jjod^` oc\o p i \i_ p i'a ^\iijo ]joc `so`i_ Jjrndhkgt ^jind_`m oc` m`h\didib kjnnd]dgdod`n+
%+& da p i `so`i_n j a ) oc`i i ( +rdgg `io`m oc` M /*o\]g`\p ]`gjr i \i_ oc`m`ajm`i \i_ i ( + _j ijo ajmh \i di^m`\ndib cjmdujio\g nomdk+
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Ei oc` km`^`_dib ^c\ko`m r` nop_d`_ \ b`i`m\gdu\odji ja oc` Nj]dinji*O^c`ino^_\gbjmdoch) rcd^c r` ^\gg`_ oc` /*din`modji \gbjmdoch+ S` c\q` \gnj kmjq`_ \ iph*]`m ja kmjk`mod`n ja ,*din`modji+ Kpm hjodq\odji ajm _jdib ocdn dn \ m`h\mf\]g`^jii`^odji ]`or``i ocdn b`i`m\gdu\odji ja O^c`ino`_Ün \gbjmdoch \i_ oc` _dh`mkmj]g`h+ Djr`q`m) ]`nd_`n oc` a\^o oc\o \ ^`mo\di r`gg fijri Eo\gd\i b\h` pn`n+ s , m`^o\ibg`n \n don b\h` kd`^`n) oc` iph]`m , c\n ij nk`^d\g kmjk`mod`n rcd^cr` c\q` pn`_+ Ei ocdn ^c\ko`m r` b`i`m\gdu` oc` m`npgon oj \i \m]dom\mt Ék\mod\gn`hdjm_`mÑ m`g\odji+
@ `adi dodji + H`o N ]` \ m`g\odji ji \ n`o Q ) \i_ g`o K : v%\) Z& w Z"\x) rc`m` BbEdn oc` i`b\odji ja K* N`g\odji K dn ^\gg`_ k]ealjYfkalan] %n``) `+b+) W..Y jm W./Y& da don\odnad`n oc` ajggjrdib ^ji_dodji7Bjm \gg Y(Z([(\ di T ) da YKZK[ oc`i YK\ jm \K[Eo dn `\ndgt q`mdad`_ oc\o K dn n`hdom\indodq` daaBjm \gg Y(Z([(\ di Q ( da YKZK[K\ oc`i YK\Eo dn \gnj `\ndgt q`mdad`_ oc\o K dn n`hdom\indodq` da \i_ jigt da N dn) rc`m` dn
oc` i`b\odji ja K* Sc`i`q`m ^jiq`id`io r` rdgg rmdo` Y ;;* Z jm Z *9 Y ajm %\) Z% á N)\i_ Y %+ÅZ jm Z qa* Y ajm %\) Z& Z K*=n ]`ajm`) \ orj _dh`indji\g YjjYq ;; %\8)e& di Q dn \ n`lp`i^` ja iji*`hkot
n`lp`i^`n + + + \8 '+)* di T + S` m`km`n`io \i \mm\t ]t rmdodib oc` n`lp`i^`n g`aoepnodad`_ amjh ojk oj ]joojh+ Ea r` m`kg\^` `\^c `iomt di \i \mm\t = ]t \ pidonlp\m` jm \ []dd) oc`i oc` orj _dh`indji\g adbpm` r` b`o dn ^\gg`_ k`Yh] g^ ;;*
@ `adi dodji + Bjm \ bdq`i n`hdom\indodq` m`g\odji N) \i K)lYZd]Ym dn \ /*_dh`indji\g\mm\t = : %\)*e& np^c oc\o oc` ajggjrdib ^ji_dodjin cjg_7
%+& Y ( b ,~a(b%+",# Ha%ab 1W Ybb%0& Pc` nc\k` ja = dn \ B`mm`mn _d\bm\h+
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Pc`i n ^ j p i o n E<*o\]g`\p ja nc\k` =Çh da K dn n`hdom\indodq`+
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Jjod^` oc\o da F< dn \ n`hdom\indodq` m`g\odji rcd^c dn ijo \ k\mod\g jm_`m %jm `lpdq\*g`iogt K dn ijo \iodnthh`omd^& oc`i \ np]n`lp`i^` ja \i di^m`\ndib n`lp`i^` dn ijoi`^`nn\mdgt di^m`\ndib+Pj ndhkgdat jpm ^jinomp^odji r` pn` oc` ajggjrdib m`npgon ja C`nn`g \i_ Rd`iijo
W.0Y _`n^md]dib oc` nomp^opm` ja n`hdom\indodq` m`g\odjin+Ea %K U )H K & \i_ $K.(H +& \m` orj n`hdom\indodq` m`g\odjin) rc`m` *Ud agT, : -) oc`
nph Ka xK. ja d/d \i_ K . dn m`g\odji ji H K QT, dn bdq`i ]t KU Qd/,Q%=Üd s H +"' Eo dn`\ndgt ^c`^f`_ oc\o da Ka \i_ K . \m` n`hdom\indodq`) oc`i KU ~K . dn n`hdom\indodq`+= n`hdom\indodq` m`g\odji dn dmm`_p^d]g` da do dn ijo oc` nph ja n`hdom\indodq`
m`g\odjin ji iji`hkot np]n`on ja H 'C`nn`g \i_ Rd`iijo W.0Y c\q` ncjri oc\o Yf ajj]\m[aZd] k]ealjYfkalan] j]dYlagf
ak ]al`]j j]^d]pan] gj ajj]^d]pan]*=i dmm`ag`sdq` n`hdom\indodq` m`g\odji dn om\indodq`) ndi^` ajm \it YKZK[ Y BbEY \i_
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d o Ün omp` ajm \gg n`lp`i^`n ja g`iboc g`nn oc\i f*Jjr g`o
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n`lp`i^` L. 8 qe( ÅÅÅ) qf ja n /+ Odi^` e 9 [c d( ja$J% \i_ j.$J% \m` nodgg di^m`\ndibdi ^jgphin \ao`m oc` din`modji ja +
M`]gj]e ,1( M`] K)afk]jlagf Yd_gjal`e ak j]n]jkaZd]* M`Yl ak( _an]f Y I K)lYZd]Ym Yf\ Y J K)lYZd]Ym gZlYaf]\ Zq jmffaf_ Y k]im]f[] L l`jgm_` l`] K)afk]jlagf Yd_gjal`e( o] [Yf j][gn]j l`] gja_afYd k]im]f[] L*
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