ch. 10.1.2

Ch. 10-America Claims an Empire

• Section 1-Imperialism and America• Section 2-The Spanish American War• Section 3-Acquiring New Lands• Section 4-America as a World Power

• Domestic Policy vs Foreign Policy

Key Terms• Diplomacy• Imperialism• Militarism• Nationalism• Sphere of influence• Protectorate• Arbitration

Old Diplomacy• 1. Noninterventionist• - the US did not intervene in foreign

affairs, especially Europe’s• 2. Isolationist• - the US acted alone in foreign affairs

as compared to working with other nations• 3. Passive and reactive• - the US waited for events to occur

and then acted accordingly• 4. Weak army and navy

New Diplomacy• 1. Imperialistic• - going out and conquering territory to create an

empire• - Alfred Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, Teddy

Roosevelt• 2. Stronger army and navy• 3. Interventionist – especially in Central and South

America• - becoming more involved in other countries

affairs• - Monroe Doctrine• 4. Strong nationalism• - having strong pride and confidence in one’s

country

Captain Alfred Mahan

Ch. 10.1 Imperialism and America

• Imperialism became very common with the major powers of the world

• Which countries were the most powerful in 1900?

• Great Britain• Germany• France• Austria-Hungary• Italy• Russia• United States• Ottoman Empire-

Turkey)• Japan

Middle East Before WWI(1914)

Middle East After 1920

Latin America-1800-Most countries were independent by 1830

Why did the US and other countries look to imperialism?

• Brings military power and prestige to your country• Naval bases and refueling stations• $$$$-For natural resources as well as opening

new markets to sell your goods(trade)• Belief in cultural superiority-White Man’s Burden

-McKinley: "to take them all and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them." -Taft: We must help our "our little brown brothers” on the Philippines

Taking Alaska and Hawaii• Fifteen-twenty minutes to research your

topic• Put info into the Padlet website: 1st Hour

Links• http://paddlet.com/cmbruns/alaskaus• http://padlet.com/cmbruns/hawaiius• Be ready to share your findings.• Once done, embed each Wall into your

daily blog.

2nd Hour Links

• http://padlet.com/cbruns1/alaska2• http://padlet.com/cbruns1/hawaii2

6th Hour Links

• http://padlet.com/cbruns1/alaska3• http://padlet.com/cbruns1/hawaii3

Queen Liliuokalani-Last Queen of Hawaii-1893

August 12, 1898

Ch. 10.2-The Spanish American War

• By 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire– Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico and a few

colonies in Africa(Morocco and Western Sahara)• The US had been interested in Cuba for a long

time– US tried to buy Cuba in 1854

• Cubans had been revolting against Spain frequently(1868, 1878, 1886, 1895) wanting independence

• Many felt sorry for the Cuban people

What caused an increase in tension between the United States and Spain?

• 1. In 1895 civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and the Cubans

• 2. The conflict was described “bloody and brutal”• 3. Newspapers(Yellow Press) reported the brutality

of the Spanish General Weyler– The New York Journal reports "...blood on the

roadsides, blood in the villages, blood, blood, blood!"

– American newspapers were clearly pushing the nation towards intervention in the Cuban situation

– William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

Causes of Spanish-American War 1898

• The USS Maine sinking• The Yellow Press• Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in

the concentration camps• The De Lome Letter• Jose Marti’s destruction of US property in

Cuba-making it look as thought Spain did it• To help the Cubans get independence

General Valeriano “The Butcher” Weyler

Jose Marti

William Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer

The Yellow Press

• Instigated the war• United the general

public to want war with Spain

• Made people feel sorry for the Cubans

The Yellow Kid

President William McKinley

Mckinley Considered a Coward

Enrique Dupay de Lome

De Lome Letter

• ...McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party."

USS Maine-Feb. 15, 1898

USS Maine After Explosion

Declaration of War and the Teller Amendment

• On April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain

• Discuss imperialists vs anti-imperialists in US• Teller Amendment was added to the declaration of

war against Spain• Guaranteed Cuban independence after the war was

over• Guess what the US did instead?

Fronts in the Spanish-American War

• Philippines• Cuba• Puerto Rico

Commodore George Dewey

Battle of Manilla Bay

Emilio Aguinaldo

Admiral William Sampson

Rough Riders

Rough Riders

Teddy Roosevelt & Leonard Wood

John Hay “A Splendid Little War”

Treaty of Paris-1898

• Brought an official end to the war• Spain gave Cuba independence(kind of)• US got control of the Philippines($20

million), Guam and Puerto Rico

Misc.• The US Army was not prepared to

fight this war-The Navy was excellent!• Roughly 3000 US soldiers died in the

war-Only 385 battle deaths-2500 died due to disease

• Lasted April 25 – August 12, 1898 • The US became an empire for the first

time in our history