chapter 22 vietnam mr. allen. roots of the vietnam war
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CHAPTER 22VIETNAM
MR. ALLEN
Roots of the Vietnam War
Vietnam: French Rule
• France controlled Vietnam before WWII– Japanese occupation during the war
• France fought to get Vietnam back
• America supports French control
Ho Chi Minh
• Leader of Vietnamese Communist Party– Led from exile in China since 1920’s
• Snuck back into Vietnam during WWII– Declared independence in 1945
• Creates Vietminh: Freedom fighters
Ho Chi Minh
France fights in Indochina (1945-1954)• Tries to keep their colony
– U.S. sends money
• Ho Chi Minh flees and fights from the North
• U.S. Afraid of Domino Theory – If one country falls, all others around will fall
• French defeated at Dien Bien Phu (5/54)
Vietnam Split in two• North controlled by communists
• South run by Ngo Dinh Diem
• Vietcong fights in the South– Communists supported by Ho Chi Minh– Assassinated thousands of gov’t leaders
• Kennedy sends 16,000 Americans to Nam– 1961
Eisenhower and Diem
Diem is unpopular
• South Vietnamese hate him
• He attacks Buddhism
• No land reform
• Corrupt
• U.S. supprts coup, Diem assassinated– Nov 1, 1963
Section 22.2U.S. Involvement and Escalation
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
• Aug 1964: NVA boat fires on USS Maddox– Not hit
• Maddox reports more gunfire– Later said they saw nothing
• LBJ orders bombing strikes on N. Vietnam
• Asks Congress for military authority
Robert McNamara: Sec of Defense
Dean Rusk: Sec of State
US Escalation
• 1965: 180,000 US soldiers in Vietnam
• Gen. Westmoreland calls for more troops– Says ARVN can’t fight very well
• 500,000 troops by 1967
Jungle Fighting
• Hit and run guerilla warfare
• Hiding in cities, spies everywhere
• Tunnels throughout the country
• Booby traps all over the jungle
American tactics
• Use of napalm to firebomb the jungles
• Agent Orange: Leaf killing toxin– Cancer-causing agent
• Search and destroy missions– Destroy villages with suspected NVA spies
War becomes unpopular
• Protest movements sprout up
• College youth and left-leaning Americans
• Protests became resistance
THINK/PAIR/SHARE
• Who should be exempt form the draft?
• Should people who believe the war is wrong be forced to fight?
LBJ doesn’t run in ‘68
• He is unpopular, war is unpopular
• Robert Kennedy runs for president– Going to win Democratic nomination– Assassinated in Los Angeles
• Nixon defeats VP Humphrey
“Peace with honor”
• Slow pull out of Vietnam– 1968: 500,000 troops– 1972: 25,000 troops
• USA pulls out of the war, 1973
• South falls to the communists, 1975
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