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7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul
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THE WAR OF LIBERATION
(SYED AZIZUR RAHMAN)
EROPAH ABAD KE-16 HINGGA 20
KUMPULAN B
SEMESTER 3
NAMA : MOHD
HAFIZUL BIN ABU
HASSAN
NO MATRIK :
D20141067550
NO HP: 014-3423238
NAMA PENSYARAH :
ENIK MOHAMAD
KAMAL BIN
KAMARUDDIN
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Bandar kecil ini telah ditawan oleh El-Nabaqui denan tenaa !ede"ikian
#an a!kar-a!kar $e%an#ol berlari ke %intu "a!uk denan %enuh keuu%an& 'on
(ohn !e"%at "elarikan diri) akan teta%i %ena!ihatn#a *ui+ada "eninal dunia
kerana kecederaan %arah& ,!kar $e%an#ol "enadi %atah !e"anat dan %utu!-a!a
!etelah kera% ditewa!kan& 'ia .enuli! ke%ada /hili% dan "enda%at kebenarann#a
untuk berbincan !ecara terbuka denan %e"i"%in .ori!co!) ,ben aboo& 'ia telah
ua "e"buat %ercubaan untuk "endekati ke%ada El abaqui) ti"balan ,ben ,boo
iaitu o"ander .ori!co& Beliau denan !eoran dirin#a telah datan untuk !atu
te"ubual denan 'on (ohn& 'ia "eniara% ke%ada 'on (ohn dan "e"inta
%ena"%unan bai %ihak orann#a& $ebaai !atu tanda %erda"aian dia
"eneluarkan %edann#a dan "en#a"%aikan ia ke%ada 'on (ohn& o"ander
ri!tian ter!ebut banun dari tanah) ke"bali ber!u"%ah dan bertan#a ke%ada dia
untuk "enunakann#a untuk %erkhid"atan raa& alau%un de"ikian keaalan
keraaan $e%an#ol #an tidak "e"ulihkan !tatu! %ertaruhan que bellu") denan
"e"an!uhkan undan-undan #an telah "en#ebabkan terlalu ban#ak
%ertu"%ahan darah ia telah ber!edia bai %e"berian %ena"%unan bai "ereka
#an akan berhenti berlawan dala" dua %uluh hari& ,ben ,boo datan untuk tahu
bahawa el-abaqui telah berundin !uo "otu dan "enorbankan ke%entinan
orann#a& 'on (ohn "enhantar ernan alle de /alacio! ke%ada ,ben ,boo untuk
uca%an& 'uta ri!tian berte"u ,ben aboo dan dike"ukakan ke%ada dia #an
di%anil !#arat liberal ,boo kea"anantreat#& ,ben "enolak tawaran itu dan
"enawab) tidak akan cuba untuk "enhalan "ana-"ana dari%ada %erkara-
%erkara !a#a dari "en#erahkan bahawa !uka berbuat de"ikian& .anakala !a#a
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%erlu "e"akai !atu tulan kerin ca"i!a& $a#a tidak akan "enikut tauladan
"ereka& alau%un tiada lain lelaki !e%atutn#a "enca%ai %er!e%akatan di
,l%uarra!) !a#a lebih !uka hidu% dan "ati !eoran !la" dari%ada "e"iliki !e"ua
keahatan #an "en#ebelahi raa& idak %ernah dan tiada cara akan !a#a %ernah
ber!etuu untuk "eletakkan diri !a#a dala" kua!an#a& ,ben aboo telah "e"beri
kua!a ke%ada !audara lelakin#a El-:hali%e el-:ali%e %ena"%akn#a akan $%aini!h
dari al ; :halib& /eran #an diwarnai denan keana!an adalah %erkara bia!a&
'on (ohn dan a!kar-a!karn#a terlibat dala" %eri!tiwa ke"atian bera"ai-ra"ai
,l%uarra! dan bandar ter!ebut !eolah-olah %u%u! iaitu bandar ter!ebut telah
"enala"i ke!un#ian& <u"ah-ru"ah .ori!co! telah di"u!nahkan) dan "ereka
#an berteduh di ua di!alai !ehina "ati& ,ben ,boo "elarikan diri ke !ebatan
alan rah!ia) teta%i i!teri dan anak %ere"%uan dia "ati kerana le"a!& /enikut ,ben
,boo telah ditanka% hidu%-hidu% dan di!e"belih& $ebaai %enaharaan terhada%
kea#aan itu) /hili% telah %un "enu"u"kan !atu anuerah ke%ada dua %uluh
a!kar !erta !etia% ketua !atu .ori!co!&
$ebelu" akhir 1570) %eran %e"beba!an ha"%ir ke ke"uncakn#a dan 'on
(ohn bertolak ke .adrid& eta%i ,ben ,boo "a!ih hidu% dan dia %erlu untuk
"enhalan !atu wabak baru re=olu!i ter!ebut& :eneral 'e>a ter"a!uk dala" !atu
kon!%ira!i "e"bunuh ,ben ,boo& 'ia "eneri"a bantuan !eoran %enena#ah
berna"a :on>alo el ?eni!& 'e>a berani "e"beri dia %encen dan kebeba!an untuki!teri dan anak %ere"%uan dia dari%ada %enabdian ika dia "e"bawa ,ben ,boo
"ati atau hidu%& /re!cott telah "e"beri butiran %enuh %lot ini& /enkhianat e ?eni!
berte"u ,ben ,boo) dan "endakwa bahawa dirin#a adalah %enawal 'e>a& 'ala"
%erelutan berikutn#a ,ben ,boo "e"%ertahankan dirin#a denan %enuh
keberanian) teta%i E-?eni! "ene"bak dia denan !ena%an dan dia telah
tercedera lalu "eninal dunia& .a#at ,ben ,boo diankut denan !ebuah kereta
kuda dan di!a"%aikan ke%ada 'e>a& e%ala ,ben ,boo di%oton dan dikawal oleh
%enawal #an "e"enuhi hada%an %intu %aar& @alu 'e>a "en#atakan denan%enuh "arah Aini ialah ke%ala %enkhianat) ,ben ,boo& $e!ia%a #an
"e"buann#a ia akan di!ek!a !ehina "ati & Badan !elebihn#a diberikan ke%ada
kanak-kanak #an "elalui alan-alan itu !ebaai %a"eran dan akhirn#a ia dibuan
ke dala" a%i& $ede"ikian ialah ke!udahan #an trai! ,ben ,boo& Bai <ak#at
$e%an#ol tindakan !ebeitu oleh oran kaCr adalah tindakan biadab) teta%i denan
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berlakun#a %eri!tiwa ter!ebut telah "e"buka ke!edaran bahawa dia !eharu!n#a
diberi %enhor"atan !ebaai !eoran !#ahid #an "eluankan hidu%n#a untuk
hak) kebeba!an dan ke%erca#aan&
$ele%a! %eran itu) %erintah 'raconian 1569 telah dikuatkua!akan "e"bala!
denda" ) dan .ori!co! telah dihantar ke%ada "e"buru ol# nqui!ition& Dran-
oran ri!tian la"a berCkiran !e"%it iaitu "en#i"%an dan "a!ih di%enaruhi
akti=iti cara hidu% !e"a!a >a"an ke"ilanan ,ben ,boo& .ereka hidu% di bawah
ketakutan berteru!an akibat dari%ada !ebilanan dari%ada "ereka ditanka% dan
dibicarakan& 'ala" tia%-tia% bandar dan "uki" !eoran %eawai dilantik "elawat
!etia% ru"ah .ori!co! dulun#a !etia% dua "inu& $etia% .ori!co! telah
didatarkan dan dia dilaran untuk "enubah kedia"ann#a tan%a kebenaran kha!&
.ori!co! tidak dibenarkan "elawat :ranada& (ika dida%ati dala" !e%uluh buah lia
bandar ra#a) huku"ann#a ialah ke"atian& Bebera%a u%acara-u%acara %alin "udah
dilihat dan latihan harian #an "e"bankitkan kei"anan iaitu tidak "e"akan
"akanan #an !u"bern#a dari dain babi dan wain) keenanan "akan dain
haiwan "ati) %erkahwinan antara !e%u%u) "e"oton ke"aluan kanak-kanak lelaki)
%ua!a di bulan <a"adhan) %enunaan inai oleh %ere"%uan dan "a#at dibalut kain
%utih !ebelu"%enebu"ian& ndi=iu #an "e"iliki *uran ialah ena#ah %alin
kea"& ehadiran bidan ri!tian "en#ebabkan undan-undan "enadi lebih ketat&
.ereka dikehendaki untuk "e"buka %intu ru"ah-ru"ah "ereka untuk
%e"erik!aan& @au dan "eraikan "ereka telah dihara"kan&
Dran ri!tian #an "elinduni .ori!co! bertanunawab ke%ada
%endakwaan& enr# Fharle! @ea) ahli !earah ,"erika #an telah "e"buktikan
"elalui "uka !urat ini) iaitu "enu"%ul $tati!tik dari %ro!idin /a!itan dan rekod-
rekod rele=an lain) dari cubaan) huku"an dan %e"bakaran .u!li" .ori!co! #an
enan untuk "enalah denan ke%erca#aan "ereka& a akan terlalu %ananuntuk "ena"bil cabutan dari data !tati!tik di!u!un oleh dia& eta%i ke!u!ahan
.ori!co! terbaik direnun-renun oleh ke! ke!alahan-ke!alahan !anat re"eh-
te"eh #an naik !ebelu" /a!itan& a"i boleh "en#ebut !e!etenah untuk
"enunukkan a%a #an teradi di !ebuah "a!#arakat di "ana toleran!i aa"a dan
%era!aan "anu!ia cu"a kata-kata ko!on& 'ala" 1575) :arci <odrique! dicuba
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kerana dia tidak !enaa "en#atakan %enda%at bahawa dala" %eran denan
:ranada !atu %eawai tentera tertentu telah di!ela"atkan oleh !eoran a!kar dan
tidak denan "enunakan Ble!!ed .ar#& 'ieo .ene> #an %a!ti "eneri"a !atu
ratu! !ebatan kerana dia "enunakan baha!a biadab terhada% Nabi& ,lon!o de
$oria telah di!ek!a dan didenda kerana !e"a!a !atu %erbincanan dia telah
"e"buat !atu %ern#ataan #an berbun#i A!ebelu" !eoran %aderi tidak ber"akna
kerana %enakuan !ebenar dan kebertanunawaban untuk do!a-do!a !e!eoran
akan datan !ele%a! ke"atian !e!eoran& !abel) adi! .ori!co! "uda dia"bil
bekera dala" keluara ri!tian dihuku" kerana di !atu %ertenkaran dia "enutuk
Dran ri!tian dan ua "enaku #an dia "enikuti !atu kod undan-undan
berbe>a& 'ala" 1587 Bartolo"c $anche> telah dihuku" denan tia tahun di hali&
/a!itan tidak ka!ihankan wanita tua "alah !abella GacH") wanita beru"ur !e"bilan
%uluh tahun di%ak!a berkawad "elalui !ebuah alan dan didenda kerana "e"iliki
!ebuah *uran& /endakwaan !etia% hari ini "elua!kan uran antara Dran ri!tian
dan .ori!co! !ehinakan keadaan "enadi !e"akin "eruncin #an
"endatankan kebencian "ereka untuk .a>hab <o"an atolik& o"en Fer=ante!
dala" lo! colloquio de dia /erro! dialo antara anin "encer"inkan !ika% Dran
$e%an#ol ber%endidikan ke arah .ori!co!& Iie kata denan ke!al) J.ori!co!
"endarabkan kerana "ereka !e"ua berkahwin "ereka bukan "en#ertai tentera
"ahu%un a"bil ke%ada "e"buan "ereka "eluankan !edikit ) dan "en#orok
%enda%atan "ereka"ereka "enunakan $e%an#ol !e%erti de"a" la"bat&J teta%i
bebera%a Dran ri!tian waar !uka /edra>a !atu kanun katedral :ranada #an
konte"%orari denan %eran di ,l%uarra!) "e"ean %andanan berbe>a& 'ia
"enda%ati .ori!co! "e"%un#ai oran ewidle di kalanan "ereka "ereka !atu
oran #an tini "oral iaitu uur dala" uru!an "ereka) #an %alin "urah hati
ke%ada olonan "i!kin dan ia han#a di!ebabkan keta"akan haki" dan kekea"an
%eawai #an telah "en#ebabkan "ereka ber"u!uhan ke%ada aa"a&J
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