connecting people to information 강 사 : 전 필 복 [ccie # 4244] connecting people to...
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강 사 : 전 필 복 [CCIE # 4244]
Connecting People To InformationConnecting People To Information
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Curriculum Related to ICRC
MSSCMSSC
Cisco 3800Cisco 3800Inst. & Config.Inst. & Config.
CIDCID
SNAMSNAM
CMTDCMTD IMCRIMCR
AS5200AS5200 CITCIT
MCRIMCRI
ACRCACRC
ICRCICRC
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Course Prerequisites
• Basic knowledge of networking concepts and terminology
• Basic knowledge of internetworking concepts
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FDDI
TokenRing
FDDI
TokenRing
Router
Ethernet (or LAN)
Token Ring
FDDI/CDDI
Network or
wide-area network
Serial
Graphic Symbols
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Router
ATM switch
Personal computer
Workstation
Macintosh
Network management
station (CiscoWorks)
Graphic Symbols (cont.)
Bridge
Ethernet switch
Router/hub
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1980s and 1990s: Internetworks
TokenRing
Private Netsand
Internet
FDDI
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BridgeATM
SwitchEthernetSwitch
Hub Router
Local-Area Networks and Devices
• Operate within a limited geographic area• Allow multiaccess to high-bandwidth media• Control the network privately under local admin
istration• Provide full-time connectivity to local services• Connect physically adjacent devices
LANs are designed to:
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Wide-Area Networks and Devices
• Operate over geography of telecommunication carriers
• Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds
• Control the network subject to regulated public services
• Provide full-time and part-time connectivity
• Connect devices separated over wide, even global, areas
WANs are designed to:
ATM SwitchRouter Modem CSU/DSU TA/NT1
Multiplexer
statmux
Comm.Server
WAN BandwidthSwitch
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1990s: Global Internetworking
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Network Manager Tasks and Goals
DesignDesignOperationsOperations
TroubleshootingTroubleshooting
Connectivity
Reliable Performance
ManagementControl
Flexibility
The Layered Model
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Why a Layered Network Model?
• Reduces complexity
• Standardizes interfaces
• Facilitates modular engineering
• Ensures interoperable technology
• Accelerates evolution
• Simplifies teaching and learning
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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Layer FunctionsNetwork processes to applicationsData representation
Interhost communication
End-to-end connections
Addresses and best path
Access to media
Binary transmission
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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Peer-to-Peer Communications
HOST A HOST B
segments
packets
frames
bits
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Data Encapsulation
DataApplicationHeader
DataPresentationHeader
DataSessionHeader
DataTransportHeader
DataNetworkHeader
0101101010110001
DataFrameHeader
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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Data Encapsulation Example
Network Header
SegmentHeader
FrameTrailer
Data
SegmentHeader
Data
Data
FrameHeader
NetworkHeader
SegmentHeader
Data
0111111010101100010101101010110001
E-mail message
Data
Segment
Packet
Frame(medium dependent)
Bits
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Remaining Chapter Sequence
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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NetworkApplications
End-to-EndServices
Data Transmission
Routing
Application,
Presentation,
and Session
Layers
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ComputerApplications
Word Processing
Presentation Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Design/Manufacturing
Project Planning
Others
Application Layer
• Selects network application to support user’s application
NetworkApplications
Electronic Mail
File Transfer
Remote Access
Client/Server Process
Information Location
Network Management
Others
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Application Layer (cont.)
NetworkApplications
Electronic Mail
File Transfer
Remote Access
Client/Server Process
Information Location
Network Management
Others
InternetworkApplications
Electronic Data Interchange
World Wide Web
E-Mail Gateways
Special-Interest Bulletin Boards
Financial Transaction Services
Internet Navigation Utilities
Conferencing (Video, Voice, Data)
Others
• Internetwork applications can extend beyond the enterprise
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• Graphics• Visual Images
PICTTIFFJPEGGIF
Presentation Layer
• Provides code formatting and conversion for applications
• Text• Data
ASCIIEBCDICEncrypted • Sound
• VideoMIDIMPEGQuickTime
login:
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• Network File System (NFS)• Structured Query Language (SQL)• Remote-Procedure Call (RPC)• X Window System• NetBios Names• Internet Browsers• DNA Session Control Protocol (SCP)
Session Layer
Service Request
Service Reply
• Coordinates applications as they interact on different hosts
Transport Layer
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Transport Layer Overview
• Segments upper-layer applications
• Establishes an end-to-end connection
• Sends segments from one end host to another
• Optionally, ensures data reliability
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Sharing a Transport Connection
• Transport segments share traffic stream
Segments
ElectronicMail
ElectronicMail
FileTransfer
FileTransfer
TerminalSessionTerminalSession
ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication
PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation
SessionSessionSessionSession
TransportTransportTransportTransport ApplicationApplicationPortPort
ApplicationApplicationPortPort DataDataDataData
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Connection-Oriented Sessions
Synchronize
Synchronize
Acknowledge
Negotiate Connection
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
Sender Receiver
Connection EstablishedConnection EstablishedConnection EstablishedConnection Established
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Flow Control
Buffer Full
Process Segments
Buffer OK
Buffer Full
Process Segments
Buffer OK
Transmit
Not ReadyStop
ReadyGo
Resume Transmission
Sender Receiver
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Reliability with WindowingWindow size = 1
Send 1 Receive 1Ack 2
Send 2 Receive 2Ack 3
Send 1
Send 2
Receive 1
Receive 2
Window size = 3
Send 3 Receive 3
Ack 4
Send 4
Sender Receiver
Sender Receiver
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Positive Acknowledgment
Sender Receiver
Send 2Send 1
Send 3Ack 4
Send 5Send 4
Send 6Ack 5
Send 5Ack 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Transport to Network Layer
Routed packetsRouted packetsRouted packetsRouted packets
End-to-end segmentsEnd-to-end segmentsEnd-to-end segmentsEnd-to-end segments
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