copyright © 2006 keio university computer architecture lecture 6: lecture 6: basics of i/o and...

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        Copyright © 2006 Keio University

Computer ArchitectureComputer ArchitectureLecture 6: Lecture 6: Basics of I/O and Storage SystemsRodney Van MeterRodney Van Meter2009/11/102009/11/10rdv@sfc.wide.ad.jprdv@sfc.wide.ad.jphttp://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/aqua/http://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/aqua/

Platter, Spindle, Arm, and Head

Copyright © 2006 Keio University      | 3

Revised Class Schedule

• 第 6 回  11月 10日 入出力Lecture 6, November 10: Basics of I/O and Storage Systems

• 11月 17日 休講November 17: No class!

• 11月 24日 休講November 24: No class! (ORF! Please come.)

• 第 7 回  12月 1 日 プロセッサー:パイプラインの基本Lecture 7, December 1: Processors: Basics of Pipelining

• 第 8 回  12月 8 日 メモリ:キャッシュLecture 8, December 8: Memory: Caching and Memory Hierarchy

• 第 9 回  12月 12日(土曜日!) メモリ:仮想記録Lecture 9, December 12 (Saturday!): Memory: Virtual Memory

• 第 10回  12月 15日 Lecture 10, December 15: Systems: Shared-Memory Multiprocessors

• 第 11回  12月 22日 Lecture 11, December 15: Systems: Distributed-Memory Multiprocessors and Interconnection Networks

• 第 12回  1 月 12日  RAID: ストレージの並列と安全性Lecture 12, January 12: RAID: Parallelism and Protection in Storage Systems

• 第 13回  1 月 19日 Lecture 13, January 19: The Future and the Past: Review

Copyright © 2006 Keio University      | 4

Outline• What's a Disk Drive?

• The Importance of a Disk Drive• The Insides of a Disk Drive• The Access Time Gap• Disk Drive Trends• A Little History• The Basics of a Bus• Homework

What’s a Disk Drive?

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What’s Important About a Disk Drive?

• Expensive• Consume lots of power• Performance bottleneck• Fragile

But they hold your data without power (they are nonvolatile), for a long time!  Lots and lots of data!

Moore’s Law

Growth of Capacity Over Two Decades

Global Disk Shipments (in TB)

What’s a Disk Drive?

Anatomy of a Hard Drive

The Platter(s)

The Platters: 3 Disks, 6 Arms & Heads

Platter, Spindle, Arm, and Head

Arm, Slider & Read/Write Head

The Head on the Slider

Magnetic Media & R/W Head

Cyclinder, Head, Sector (CHS)

Video: Arm Moving

Video courtesy of Jun Takei, Intel

Video: Arm Moving (2)

Video courtesy of Jun Takei, Intel

Growth of Capacity Over Two Decades

Transfer Rate

Access Time Gap

A Little History: The RAMAC

A Little History: The RAMAC

RAMAC Delivery!

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Bus

• Shared bandwidth• Requires addressing• Transactions• Arbitration: priority, fairness• Limitations: width, length (capacitance, 電気容量 )• Types: memory, peripheral• Standardization

Buses: System Diagram

Buses: System Diagram

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Homework

• 1. Add a new type of disk drive to the table available on my web page.

• 2. For your drive, calculate:– A. How long to read entire disk sequentially?– B. How long to read the whole thing in random order, 512 bytes at a time?

• 3. Tell me who controls the specification for each of the following buses:– A. Frontside bus– B. Memory bus– C. PCI– D. SCSI

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