dasar analisis spasial
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7/23/2019 Dasar Analisis Spasial
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ANALISIS
SPASIAL
Sistem GeograKesehaMasyarDian Sidik Arsyad, SKM. MKM.
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OUTLINE PRESENTASI
TEORI (PENGANTAR)• Denisi dan Konsep Analisis Spasial• Sejarah GIS dan Analisis Spasial Bidang Keseha• Potensial Implementasi GIS dan Analisis Spasia
Bidang Kesmas
• Spatial Analysis Framework • eknik analisis spasial !erdasarkan jenis data s• "ontoh Pemetaan dan Analisis Spasial Bidang
Kesehatan• St#di Kas#s K#sta di P#la# erpen$il di Indones
PRAKTEK
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DEFINISI DAN KONSEP ANALISISSPASIAL
The frst law o geography according to WaldTobler is "Everything is related to everything elsbut near things are more related than distantthings!
DefenisiSpatial Analysis The study o# the locations and shapes o# geograp#eatures and the relationships between them $Earth Systems %ese&nstitute, '(()*
Analisis spasial adalah s#at# inferensi )is#al dalam !ent#k peta ymer#pakan ga!#ngan dari data spasial dan data atri!#t.
Konsep dasar dari analisis spasial adalah *ke+ilayahan
aspek lokasional %space + location*
Istilah - istilah lain Medi$al eo ra h S atial
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DEFINISI DAN KONSEP ANALISISSPASIAL
• 0akta 1 !er!eda lokasi di m#ka !#mi !erkaitanterhadap per!edaan prol lokasi seperti physibiological, environmental, economic, social,cultural, yang jelas mem!erikan pengar#h
terhadap masalah kesehatan, penyakit sertapelayanan kesehatan.
• Prol +ilayah ini serta h#!#ngannya terhadapkondisi dan masalah kesehatan j#ga !er#!ahseiring dengan !erjalannya +akt# Konsep
Spatial dan emporal pidemiology.
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SEJARAH DANPERKEMBANGAN
2345 di 6#t!reak 7 8a!ah Kolera di 9ondon menjadi tonggaksejarah !erkem!angnya GIS dan analisis spasial, yang dimotori oleh Dr. :ohn Sno+
Belia# memetakan setiap penderita dan kematian karenakolera dimana 6#t!reak terjadi
Kejadian Kolera saat it# terp#sat %$l#stered' di sekitar pompaair road Street milik So#th+ark and ;a#<hall 8ater "ompany
=ekomendasi Belia# Melepas handle pompa Menghentikan transmisi.
Den an men #nakan eta #nt#k men amati dan
Konsep !ah+a lokasi mempengar#hi kesehatan A!ad ke > SMoleh /ippo$rates, !elia# mengamati !ah+a penyakit?penyakittertent# hanya terjadi di lokasi tertent# saja, dan tidak di tempalain.
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PETA DR. JOHN SNOW%DA@ BB=APA =P9IKASI'
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POTENSIAL IMPLEMENTASI GIS DANALISIS SPASIAL BIDANG KESM
"omm#ni$a!le Disease "ontrol
n)ironmental /ealth =esear$h, Planning and 6perations
@#trition and Physi$al A$ti)ity
"hild and o#th /ealth
/ealth Promotion
"hroni$ Disease Pre)ention
Al$ohol, o!a$$o and 6ther Dr#gs Ser)i$e %A6DS' pro)ision
Inj#ry
Mental /ealth
;e$tor "ontrolReferensi :S!"i!# An!#$sis% GIS% !n& Re'"e Sensin A#i*!"i"+e He!#"+ S*ien*es% ,---
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JOURNAL INTERNATIONA
Jrn!# $!n /er0!i"!n &en!n GIS 1 !n!#isis s!s/i&!n 0ese+!"!n : /ealth ( Pla$e %An International :o#rnal'
http177+++.jo#rnals.else)ier.$om7health?and?pla$e International :o#rnal of /ealth Geographi$s
http177+++.ij?healthgeographi$s.$om7 Spatial And Spatio?emporal pidemiology
http177+++.jo#rnals.else)ier.$om7spatial?and?spatio?temporalogy
Geospatial /ealth
http177+++.geospatialhealth.net7inde<.php7gh International :o#rnal of Applied Geospatial =esear$h %I:AG='
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"6@6/ A=IK9P@9IIA@
9a#ra Bissonnette, et all, Nei+/r+&s !n& "en"i!# !**ess " +e!#"+f s!"i!# !n& !s!"i!# f!*"rs, /ealth ( Pla$e, ;ol#me 23, Iss#e 5, :#ly C2
aria atalo)i$h, et all.% Ger!+i* &is!ri"ies in #!"e s"!e /re!s" *!n*res#"s fr' ei+" s"!"es in "+e Uni"e& S"!"es% &nternational -ournal o# .e/eographics C24 231>2
oshihar# 0#k#da, et all.% 4!ri!"ins in s*ie"!# *+!r!*"eris"i*s f s!"i!# *#s"ers: e5!'#es f *#n% #n !n& /re!s" *!n*er in J!!n% &nternati
.ealth /eographicsCC4312F =osen!erg MS, et all., S!"i!# !"*rre#!"in f *!n*er in Wes"ern ErEpidemiol 2, 24124-.
ha /an, et all., I'!*" f "/!** "#e" &ensi"$ !n& r5i'i"$ n s'A longit#dinal o!ser)ational st#dy in t+o nglish $ities, /ealth ( Pla$e, ;ol#m
:ia$hen ho#, et all., De"er'in!n"s !n& s!"i!# !""erns f !&#" 6er7e+$er"ensin in ! +i+ HI4 re6!#en*e rr!# S"+ Afri*!n #!"in
;ol#me 23, Iss#e F, @o)em!er C2.
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"6@6/ A=IK9P@9IIA@
Ale<is : "om!er, et al. A s!"i!# !n!#$sis f 6!ri!"ins in +e!#"+ !**ess: #in0s*i9e*n'i* s"!"s !n& !**ess er*e"ins% &nternational -ournal o# .eal/eographicsC222-155
Mar$ia "aldas de "astro et all., S!"i!# !""erns f '!#!ri! in "+e A'!n: I'sr6ei##!n*e !n& "!re"e& in"er6en"ins, /ealth ( Pla$e, ;ol#me 2>, Iss#e ,
Britton A. Gi!son,et all., A**essi/i#i"$ !n& "i#i!"in !""erns f ! '/i#e '!'n 6#ner!/#e #!"ins, /ealth ( Pla$e, ;ol#me 3, :#ly C25
=#!en Brondeel,et all., Use f +e!#"+*!re ser6i*es in "+e resi&en*e !n& 7rnei+/r+&: T+e e;e*" f s!"i!# !**essi/i#i"$ " +e!#"+*!re ser6i*es;ol#me >C, @o)em!er C25
Bam!ang Parmanto, et al., S!"i!# !n& '#"i&i'ensin!# 6is!#i!"in f In&+e!#"+ s"!"is"i*s% &nternational -ournal o# .ealth /eographicsCC3=1>C
:oseph = Sharkey, et al.% Ass*i!"in /e"7een r5i'i"$ " !n& *6er!e ff!s"9f& res"!r!n"s !n& nn9"r!&i"in!# f!s"9f& "#e"s !n& f!s"9f&!'n rr!# !&#"s% &nternational -ournal o# .ealth /eographicsC222-1>H
9#kar hornton, et al., Des "+e *+i*e f nei+/r+& ser'!r0e" !*in>en*e !ss*i!"ins 7i"+ in&i6i&!#9#e6e# fri" !n& 6e e"!/#e *ns'
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SPATIAL ANAL@SISFRAMEWORK
GIS
Visualization
Exploration
Modelling
Attribute
data
Feature
data
Databases
Maps
Describe
patterns
Testhypotheses
GIS
DBMS
Statistical
Software
Raster
Point
Line
Pol!on
;e$tor
GIS J Geographi$Systems DBMS J Data!aSystems
"on$ept#al frame+ork of spatial epidemiologi$al data analysis %Spatial Analysis in pidem
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K9S= P@AKI%DISAS "9S=I@G' Denisi Kl#ster Penyakit 1 Kl#ster penyakitmer#pakan pengelompokkan spasial ata# spa$etime s#at# penyakit yang signikan se$ara stati"l#stered Pola penye!aran se$ara glo!al 7 #m
"l#stering
Pola penye!aran mengik#ti fakto%faktor risiko7determinan'
Pada a+alnya mendeteksi kl#ster sangat s#lit,dengan adanya teknologi informasi serta aplikasmaka semakin m#dah mendeteksi pola penye!a
pnyakit.
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M6D DKSI "9S=P@AKI
Metode Deteksi Kl#ster ter!agi menjadi d#G#/!# De"e*"in "es" Mendeteksi polapenye!aran penyakit dan mendeteksi ada tidakkl#ster terjadi di dari sel#r#h +ilayah penelitian
tanpa menet#kan letak lokasi kl#ster terjadi.L*!# De"e*"in "es" Mendeteksi polapennye!aran penyakit, ada tidaknya terjadi kl#serta menent#kan dimana %dan kapan' lokasikl#ster terjadi %mendeteksi hotspot'
Deteksi kl#ster !isa dilak#kan #nt#k data
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B@K SPASIA9P@BA=A@ P@AKI
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TEHNIK ANALISIS SPASIALBERDASARKAN JENIS DATA SPAS
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M6D SAISIK DK"9S= D!"! s!si!# Pin" ("i"i0)G#/!# Tes"
=ipleyLs K 0#n$tion %dan )ariannya'
L*!# Tes"
Kernel Density stimation
K#ldorLs Spatial S$an Statisti$
D!"! s!si!# #$n (!re!)G#/!# "es"
MoranLs I
L*!# "es"
9o$al MoranLs I
K#ldorLs Spatial S$an Statisti$
Hi"esis n## (se'! !n!#isis &!#!' 'en&e"e#s"er :
• =isiko terjadinysama pada sel#+ilayah st#di %=
• idak ada peng7 kl#ster yang t
+ilayah st#di %9
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SPAIA9 ( MP6=A9"9S=Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Pattern and Hotspot Detection of Dengue in Chachoengsao Pr
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"6@6/ IMP9M@ASIDKSI K9S=M@GG@AKA@ SAS"A@PADA SDI
9P=6S SD 6@ =M6
KI B=
++
>2
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Background information on study
General ai"s o# t$e pro%ect& 1. To study the epidemiology of leprosy '( )o stud t$e e##ect o# prop$lactic treat"ent o# contacts on *
deter"inants o# lepros
+Spatial, researc$ -uestions&• Is lepros clustered on t$ese islands
• Are persons .it$ I!M antibodies a!ainst M.leprae clustered
• Do contacts o# patients $a*e an increased ris/ o# bein! seroand is t$ere a di##erence bet.een tpes o# patients
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Background info on study area
•Data collected in '000
•1 isolated islands
•2u"ber o# in $abitants& '103'400 per island
•2u"ber o# $ouses& 103110 per island
•'4 $ours b boat #ro" Ma/assar
• A*ailable "ap& 5&'106000
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Study area
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Transportation to islands
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Flat, sandy, coconut trees and coral
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DAA "699"I6@
• Pop#lation $ens#s %registration of
all inha!itants per ho#se +ith age
and se<'
• A$ti)e s$reening of +hole
pop#lation for symptoms of leprosy
• Ser#m $olle$tion for anti!ody
dete$tion among pop#lation a!o)e
4 years
• "olle$tion of $lini$al sam les from
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P=PA=AI6@ 60 MAPS
• @#m!ered all ho#ses and prepared hand?dra+nmaps indi$ating lo$ation of all ho#ses
• Meas#red latit#de and longit#de of a!o#t e)ery
4th ho#se #sing GPS
• Sit#ated ho#ses +itho#t lat7long !et+een geo?
referen$ed ho#ses in Ar$)ie+
• "al$#lated lat7long of e)ery ho#se
• :oined SPSS le +ith demographi$ and health
data #sing the ho#se?)aria!le
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Part of hand-drawn map
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map
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map
Football
Schools
MosquesHealth
centre
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Disease mapping
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P=06=MI@G SAS"A@
• P#rely spatial
• Berno#lli model %#sed +hen there are $ases andnon?$asesN people +ith or +itho#t a disease'
• "asesJleprosy patients per ho#se
• "ontrolsJe<amined persons +itho#t leprosy
per ho#se
• "oordinatesJlat and long of e)ery ho#se
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‘hotspots of patients’ identified y S!TS"!#
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P=SIAPA@ P=AKKA@A9ISIS SPASIA9
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PERSIAPAN @ANG DILAKUKAN
• Memahami pertanyaan penelitian yang sesdengan spasial Pelajari artikel penelitianyang mengg#nakan metode analisis spasia
• Menyiapkan data yang ses#ai #nt#k analisis
spasial Pand#an SatS$an
• Menginstal aplikasi GIS #nt#k )is#alisasi pedan analisis spasial &GIS ? SatS$an
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SAS"A@ .5 %SAISI" (A@A9SIS'• AnalyOes spatial, temporal and spatio?temporal d
thro#gh a s$an statisti$
• &#i$k assessment of potential $l#sters
• De)eloped !y Martin K#ldor for the @ational "a
Instit#te
• 0reely a)aila!le from +++.sats$an.org
• ser g#ide a)aila!le from http177+++.sats$an.org7$gi?!in7sats$an7register.pl7SaS
n sers G#ide.pdfQtodoJpro$ess #serg#ide do+
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UANTUM GIS(/P177&GIS.6=G7ID7SI7)
• &GIS m#lai dikem!angkan pada tah#n CC oleh GarySherman
• A+alnya hanya !isa dig#nakan di 6S 9in#< 7 ni<
• ;ersi pertama C.C.2 - Alpha %:#ly CC'
• ;ersi .3. - 8ien %0e!r#ary C24'
• ;ersi .2C - *.... %:#ni C24'
• ;ersi terakhir .2 *9yon %6kto!er C24'
• Mer#pakan salah sat# openso#r$e GIS ter!esar dari sisi j#mlah pengg#na
• 0asilitas yang $#k#p lengkap dan 0udah digunakan
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