de an ngoai ngu 2008 - 2020

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

C LP - T DO - HNH PHC --------------------------

N

H ni 2008

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Mc lc Trang Cc ch vit tt 2 A. MT S VN CHUNG 3 I. Bi cnh 3 II. Thi c v thch thc 4 III. ng li, ch trng ca ng v Nh nc v dy v hc ngoi ng 5 IV. Kinh nghim dy v hc ngoi ng mt s nc trn th gii v trong khu vc 6 V. Thc trng dy v hc ngoi ng nc ta hin nay 10 B. MC TIU - GII PHP 25 I. Cc yu cu i vi i mi dy v hc ngoi ng 25 II. Cc ni dung i mi dy v hc ngoi ng 25 III. Mc tiu 32 IV. Cc nhm gii php 33 C. K HOCH THC HIN 38 D. B MY CH O V PHN CNG TRCH NHIM 42 I. Thnh lp Ban iu hnh n 42 II. Phn cng trch nhim ca cc B, ngnh 42 E. KINH PH D TON 44 F. KH KHN D KIN V BIN PHP KHC PHC 47

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Cc ch vit tt

BTVH B tc vn ho C Cao ng CP Chnh ph CT Chng trnh DN Dy ngh H i hc VHT n v hc trnh GD&T Gio dc v o to GDTX Gio dc thng xuyn GDP Tng sn phm quc ni GV Gio vin HS Hc sinh KNLNN Khung nng lc ngoi ng NN Ngoi ng NN1 Ngoi ng mt NN2 Ngoi ng hai NN1 C/H Ngoi ng mt bc cao ng/i hc NN2 C/H Ngoi ng hai bc cao ng/i hc NXB Nh xut bn PHNN Phng hc ngoi ng PPT Phng a phng tin QH Quc hi SGK Sch gio khoa SV Sinh vin TCCN Trung cp chuyn nghip THCN Trung hc chuyn nghip THCS Trung hc c s THPT Trung hc ph thng ThS Thc s TiH Tiu hc TP HCM Thnh ph H Ch Minh TS Tin s TTGDTX Trung tm gio dc thng xuyn TTN Trung tm ngun

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A. MT S VN CHUNG I. Bi cnh

Ngy nay, th gii bc vo thp k u tin ca th k 21 v ang chng kin, thm ch ang b cun vo dng thc ca s bin i v cng ln lao ca x hi loi ngi vi c trng l: ton cu ho, cng ngh thng tin, x hi hc tp. C th ni, ton cu ho, s i mi cng ngh, c bit l cng ngh thng tin v nhu cu hc tp sut i v ang thi thc v gip chng ta t chc li mt cch c bn i sng x hi, a loi ngi n vi nn kinh t tri thc, bc vo nn vn minh tr tu. Nhn thc r bi cnh v xu th pht trin ca thi i hin nay, i hi i biu ton quc ln th IX ca ng ta xc nh mc tiu chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi 10 nm (2001 2010) l`: a nc ta ra khi tnh trng km pht trin, nng cao r rt i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca nhn dn, to nn tng n nm 2020 nc ta c bn tr thnh nc cng nghip theo hng hin i. Ngun lc con ngi, nng lc khoa hc v cng ngh, kt cu h tng, tim lc kinh t, quc phng, an ninh c tng cng, th ch kinh t th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha c hnh thnh v c bn; v th ca nc ta trn trng quc t c nng cao .... Bi cnh chung ca th gii, mc tiu chin lc ca nc ta nh vy trao cho nh trng mt trch nhim v cng v vang v nng n, l hnh thnh v pht trin nhng gi tr mi cho con ngi c v kha cnh nhn vn v k thut. Hon thnh trch nhim l nhim v ca tt c cc mn hc v cc hot ng trong nh trng ni chung v ca vic dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn Vit Nam ni ring. Kinh nghim ca cc nc pht trin v cc nc cng nghip mi trn th gii cng nh trong khu vc chu - Thi Bnh dng ch r, trong nhng iu kin cn thit hi nhp v pht trin th ngoi ng l mt cng c, phng tin c lc v hu hiu trong tin trnh hi nhp v pht trin trong thi i ngy nay.

T sau khi nc nh ginh c c lp n nay, do nhng iu kin lch s, quan h ngoi giao v nhu cu pht trin kinh t x hi ca tng thi k xy dng v bo v T quc, chng ta t chc dy v hc mt s ting nc ngoi, trong ph bin l bn th ting: ting Anh, ting Php, ting Nga v ting Trung Quc. Vic dy v hc ngoi ng c nhng ng gp ln lao i vi s tin b trong mi lnh vc i sng x hi ca nc ta trong sut thi gian qua.

Tuy nhin, trong bi cnh ton cu ho v s hi nhp quc t ang l xu th ca thi i v trong bi cnh i mi, m ca hng ra th gii, lm

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bn vi cc nc trn th gii, chng ta nhn thy nhng bt cp ca vic dy v hc ngoi ng trc i hi ca s pht trin kinh t v trc nhu cu hi nhp, m rng giao lu vt ra khi phm vi quc gia ca ng o nhn dn. Tnh trng lng ph, km hiu qu ca vic dy v hc ngoi ng, nhng kh khn trong vic trao i ngun nhn lc trong phm vi hp tc song phng hoc a phng i hi chng ta phi xem xt mt cch nghim tc thc trng dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn trong nhng nm qua, t nghin cu k lng, hoch nh mt chin lc dy v hc ngoi ng va kh thi, va p ng c nhng yu cu pht trin tng lai ca nc ta. II. Thi c v thch thc 1. Thi c

Do chnh sch m ca v s pht trin kinh t nhanh v n nh ca Vit Nam trong thi gian qua, vic dy v hc ngoi ng nc ta ang c nhng thi c ht sc quan trng nh sau: - Ch trng m ca hi nhp v quan h hp tc quc t ngy cng cht ch v rng m gia nc ta v cc nc trn th gii, c bit l vi cc nc c bn ng hoc ngn ng quc gia ph hp vi ngoi ng c dy v hc trong h thng gio dc quc dn ca nc ta, to tin ht sc quan trng cho vic tng cng dy v hc ngoi ng vi yu cu v cht lng, hiu qu ngy cng cao hn trong giai on tip theo. - S pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, c bit l nhng thnh tu v cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng to ra nhng phng thc dy hc ph hp vi iu kin v i tng ngi hc nh : dy hc t xa, dy hc qua mng ... v nhng phng tin dy v hc ngoi ng hin i, c hiu qu nh cc phng tin nghe nhn, internet, e-learning, ...

- S gia tng s lng cc t chc quc t v cc i tc nc ngoi vo u t nc ta, nhu cu xut khu lc lng lao ng tng mnh v nhp giao lu ngy cng cao v vn ha, th thao, ngh thut gia nc ta v cc nc trn th gii to nn nhu cu thnh tho ngoi ng i vi i ng lao ng cc cp, nht l i vi th h tr trong vic tip tc hc tp, tm kim c hi vic lm, s thnh cng trong s nghip, ng thi cng to nn s thay i v nhn thc ca x hi i vi vai tr v tm quan trng ca vic dy v hc ngoi ng. 2. Thch thc Cng vi nhng thi c thun li nu trn, trong thi gian ti, vic dy v hc ngoi ng s phi ng u vi mt s thch thc c bn sau:

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- Nhu cu ca x hi v ngoi ng, nht l ngoi ng thng dng trong giao dch quc t ngy cng cao nhng kh nng v iu kin u t ca nh nc v x hi v c s vt cht - thit b dy hc, i ng gio vin ... cn rt hn hp.

- Ch trng m ca hi nhp, a dng ha, a phng ha cc quan h quc t, c bit l quan h truyn thng gia nc ta v nhng nc c bn ng hoc ngn ng quc gia ang c dy v hc trong h thng gio dc quc dn ca nc ta i hi phi m rng qui m, phm vi v s lng ngoi ng cn dy v hc nhiu hn na, nhng trc mt, chng ta ch c th tp trung u t ngun lc cho ngoi ng l ngn ng thng dng trong giao dch quc t.

- S tin b v khoa hc k thut v cng ngh thng tin - truyn thng to nhng tin vt cht - k thut ht sc thun li cho vic dy v hc ngoi ng vi quy m v trnh cao hn, nhng trnh ng dng nhng tin b vo vic dy v hc ngoi ng cn rt hn ch. III. ng li, ch trng ca ng v Nh nc v dy v hc ngoi ng Xut pht t v tr, vai tr v tm quan trng ca ngoi ng trong cng cuc xy dng, bo v v pht trin t nc, ng v Chnh ph c nhiu vn kin v vic y mnh vic dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn nc ta.

Ngy 11 thng 4 nm 1968, Th tng Chnh ph ra ch th s 43/TTg v phng hng v nhim v dy v hc ngoi ng cc trng i hc, trung hc chuyn nghip v cc trng ph thng. Ch th nu r dy v hc mt ngoi ng cc trng cp II v phn u dy v hc hai ngoi ng cc trng cp III. Cc th ting c dy l: ting Nga, ting Trung Quc, ting Anh v ting Php. Ngy 7 thng 9 nm 1972, Th tng Chnh ph ra Quyt nh s 251-TTg v vic ci tin v tng cng cng tc dy v hc ngoi ng trong cc trng ph thng. Quyt nh ny tip tc khng nh ngoi ng l mt mn hc c bn trong chng trnh ph thng t cp II tr ln, nhn mnh vic dy v hc ng thi hai ngoi ng (mt chnh, mt ph) cp III, m cc trng chuyn ngoi ng nhng ni c iu kin, thnh lp mt trung tm chuyn nghin cu vic dy v hc ngoi ng.

iu 24 ca Lut Gio dc (1998) cng khng nh v tr quan trng ca ngoi ng trong ni dung hc vn ph thng v ra yu cu bo m cho hc sinh c kin thc c bn v ngoi ng.

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Ngh quyt s 40/2000/QH10 ca Quc hi kho 10 v i mi chng trnh gio dc ph thng yu cu xy dng n dy v hc ngoi ng trng ph thng n nm 2010.

Ngy 11/6/2001, Th tng chnh ph ra Ch th s 14/2001/CT-TTg v i mi chng trnh v sch gio khoa ph thng, trong yu cu xy dng n Ging dy, hc tp ngoi ng trong trng ph thng.

Bo co ca Chnh ph ti k hp th 6 Quc hi kho XI (12/2004) cng nu ln mt trong nhng gii php y mnh kh nng ch ng hp tc quc t trong gio dc l Trin khai chin lc dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn, tp trung ch yu vo ting Anh, khuyn khch dy v hc ngoi ng th hai. Cho php mt s c s gio dc i hc v sau i hc ging dy song ng (bng ting Vit v ting nc ngoi) mt s mn hc, ngnh hc.

K hp th 7 ca Quc hi kha XI thng qua Lut gio dc (sa i), trong c quy nh ti iu 7, mc 3 nh sau: Ngoi ng c quy nh trong chng trnh gio dc l ngn ng c s dng ph bin trong giao dch quc t. Vic t chc dy ngoi ng trong nh trng v c s gio dc khc cn bo m ngi hc c hc lin tc v c hiu qu. IV. Kinh nghim dy v hc ngoi ng mt s nc trn th gii v trong khu vc

T na sau ca th k 20, cc nc trn th gii u nhn ra rng s cng tn ti ha bnh ph thuc vo vic hp tc cht ch gia cc quc gia, s coi trng nhau nh l nhng i tc bnh ng. Vic giao tip v trao i thng tin nhm tng cng hiu bit gia cc nn kinh t, x hi v vn ha a dng tr thnh nn tng c bn cho s pht trin nhng chin lc chung v li ch ca tt c. Ch nhng cng dn c kh nng v k nng ngn ng ph hp trong bi cnh giao tip a vn ha mi c th thit lp c nhng knh thng tin cn thit cho vic hp tc thnh cng. iu ny dn ti mi quan tm su sc cha tng thy gia cc nh hoch nh chnh sch gio dc trong vic tng cng dy ngoi ng v trang b hiu bit v cc nn vn ha tng ng. 1. V tr v vai tr ca ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn

Nm 1976, Cng ng Chu u ku gi cc quc gia thnh vin m rng vic dy v hc ngn ng v bo m rng tt c hc sinh u hc t nht mt ngoi ng trong khi Chu u. Nm 1995, trong Sch trng ca U ban Chu u, phn Dy v hc hng ti mt x hi hc tp yu cu rng : Khuyn khch th h tr hc t nht hai ngoi ng ca Cng ng.

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Thng k cho thy, i vi cp tiu hc, ti cc nc Chu u, ting Anh vn l ngoi ng c chn hc nhiu nht. Tuy vy, tu tng nc m t l hc sinh chn mn ngoi ng ny cng khc nhau kh nhiu. V d B o Nha 93% hc sinh chn hc ting Anh, Ty Ban Nha t l ny l 71%. T l ny ti o, Thu in v Phn Lan l 56%, 62% v 63%. Cc nc ng u c c t l kh thp: khong 20%. Ting Php l ngoi ng ng th hai c la chn. i vi cp trung hc, ting Anh vn l th ngoi ng c chn hc nhiu nht (90%). T l ny cc nc ng u c cng kh cao (55-82%).

ng (Trung quc, Hn quc, Nht bn) v ng Nam (Thi lan, Indonesia, Malaysia...) tt c cc nc u dt khot chn ting Anh l ngoi ng bt buc. Cn cc th ting khc c th c dy nh mn t chn hoc bt buc th hai.

Do c im, tnh hnh c th ca tng nc, mt s nc trn th gii i theo sng kin s dng hnh thc song ng (bng ting nc ngoi v ting m ). Vo nhng nm 60 v 70, mt s cc quc gia Trung u v ng u thnh lp h thng trng song ng dnh cho nhng hc sinh c thnh tch cao. Vo nhng nm 90, h thng ny c dnh cho mi hc sinh trong h thng gio dc ph thng. Cng trong giai on ny, cc quc gia thuc Lin minh chu u nh B, Php, H Lan, o v Phn Lan cng vi c - mt quc gia m ngay t cui nhng nm 60 thnh lp mt s trng song ng, thc hin cc chng trnh song ng, thm ch xy dng cc trng song ng, m cc mn hc c dy trc tip thng qua cc ngoi ng nh c, Php, Anh, , Ty Ban Nha v.v...

cc nc ng Nam vic dy v hc song ng l truyn thng kh lu i, c bit cc nc thuc a c nh Malaysia, Philippines, Brunei, Singapore. Thi lan, mt nc cha tng l thuc a bao gi, gn y cng c nhng bc ci cch ht sc mnh dn trong lnh vc song ng. T nm 2001 t nc ny thnh lp mt lot cc Trng hc chng trnh ting Anh (English Program Schools - EP) v Trng chng trnh mini ting Anh (Mini English Program Schools - MEP). Cc trng ny dy ting Anh vi thi lng 18 tit/tun. Mc ch loi trng mi ny nhm h tr cuc Ci cch gio dc Thi Lan v s dng ting Anh nh l ngn ng dy v hc. Mc ch cui cng ca chng trnh ny chng c g khc l nng cao trnh thng tho ting Anh ca hc sinh Thi lan. Trong cc trng ny cc mn hc (tr mn ting Thi v cc mn x hi) u c dy thng qua ting Anh. Hin nay Thi lan khi xng chng trnh song ng ti 112 trng, trong 56 trng theo chng trnh EP v 56 trng theo chng trnh MEP. Ti cc trng ny, gio vin ting Anh c nng lc t mi ngun, khng phn bit quc tch c tuyn dng rng ri v cng khai.

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2. Thi gian v thi lng dy v hc ngoi ng Nhn chung, tt c cc nc u quy nh ngoi ng l mn hc bt

buc trong chng trnh v c xu hng tng thm thi gian dy b mn ny, trong c c xu hng bt u dy mn ny t la tui sm hn. Vo nhng nm 80 v 90 phn ln cc nc Chu u ngoi ng tr thnh mn hc bt buc trong chng trnh tiu hc. Phn ln cc nc Chu v ng Nam (Malaysia, Thi lan, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, Philippines) cng u bt u dy ngoi ng t tiu hc.

Chu u trong nhng nm u ging dy ngoi ng, trung bnh mn ny c dnh khong t 3 ti 4 gi mt tun. Khi hc sinh hc ln nhng lp cao hn, cc em dnh nhiu thi gian hn cho vic hc ngoi ng. Ti cp trung hc ph thng, thi gian hc ngoi ng thng bng hoc cao hn so vi cc mn c bn khc (Ton hoc ting m ). Thi gian c th ln ti 5 hay 6 gi trn mt tun. Cc nc Chu cng c xu hng tng t nh vy. Chng hn Hn Quc, ngoi ng c dy ngay t cc lp u tin tiu hc vi thi lng t 1 n 2 gi/tun. n cp trung hc c s thi lng c tng ln khong 3 gi/tun, gn bng thi lng dnh cho mn Ton v ting Hn Quc. n cp trung hc ph thng, thi lng dnh cho mn ngoi ng l 4 gi, bng thi lng dnh cho hai mn Ton v ting Hn Quc. Singapore ch trng hn v dy ting Anh v t nc ny tha nhn ting Anh l ngn ng chnh thc ca h. Ting Anh c dy ngay t cc lp u ca Tiu hc cho n cc cp cao hn. Chng hn ngay t cp tiu hc, chng trnh dnh 80% thi gian cho cc mn theo th t: Anh vn, ting m v Ton1.

3. Phng php dy v hc ngoi ng Trong tt c cc chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng ca cc quc gia

u cp n kh nng giao tip nh l mc tiu cn bn ca vic dy ngoi ng v cng xc nhn rng cch tip cn giao tip l phng php c a chung t c mc tiu ny. Nhng khuyn ngh v vic dy v hc ngoi ng ca tt c cc nc u xut rng gio vin nn khuyn khch hc sinh t th hin trong lp hc cng thng xuyn v t nhin cng tt. 1 Cha c nghin cu chuyn su no khng nh v vic bt u t hc ngoi ng sm c dn ti hc ngoi ng tt hn hay khng? U ban Chu u bo tr mt nghin cu a ra nhiu kin ngh v nhng li ch trong vic hc ngoi ng sm. Nghin cu ny nhn mnh tm quan trng ca vic chuyn tip lin tc v nh nhng gia cc cp gio dc khc nhau lin quan ti cc mc tiu, ni dung v phng php ging dy. Mc d vn c th c nhng nhc im trong vic ging dy ngn ng tui nh, nhng y l xu hng chung. mt s nc, ging dy ngoi ng tr nn bt buc vi mi hc sinh, vic hc bt u tui 8 n 11. mt s nc khc, nhng ci cch hin ti cn ang gim hn na phm vi tui ny. Thm ch i khi vic ging dy ngoi ng sm c thc hin trong cc nh trng c quyn t ch t quyt nh tui bt u. Trong nhng trng nh vy, hc sinh 3-4 tui bt u lm quen vi cc ngn ng khc ngoi ting m . Giai on khi u ny thng ch to nhn thc ban u v cc ngn ng v nn vn ha khc.

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Vic tip xc ti a vi ngoi ng v s dng ti thiu ting m l v cng quan trng. Chnh v vy, cc nh trng c khuyn khch a vo trong chng trnh ca mnh nhng kin thc lin quan n cng ng quc t, to c hi cho cc em bit trn trng di sn vn ha phong ph ca nhng quc gia lin quan. Nhiu c quan nh nc v t nhn cng t chc cc chng trnh trao i hoc to iu kin cho hc sinh ra nc ngoi trong mt khong thi gian nht nh cc em c th nng cao cc k nng ngn ng v c c hiu bit su sc v cc quan im vn ha, tc l x hi v li sng ph bin ca cc cng ng ngi nc ngoi.

4. o to v bi dng gio vin ngoi ng Ti mt s nc c b dy truyn thng ca vic dy v hc ngoi ng

cp tiu hc, cc k nng ging dy ph hp t lu l mt phn trong qu trnh o to gio vin tiu hc. Nhng gio vin ny t hc cc ngn ng trong cng vic ca mnh nh trng v thng cng c li cc kin thc trong qu trnh o to gio vin.

i vi cc nc mi ging dy ngoi ng cp tiu hc trong chng trnh vo nhng nm 90, cc gio vin tiu hc thng thiu nhng k nng chuyn mn cn c cho dy ngoi ng. Mt s nc tm cch khc phc im yu ny thng qua cc kha o to ti chc c bit c tin hnh trang b cho gio vin cc k nng ngn ng v ging dy cn thit. Cc nc khc bt u tuyn dng gio vin chuyn mn vn c o to dy ngoi ng cp trung hc. y l chin lc c a chung cc nc Trung v Ty u - nhng nc phi i mt vi kh khn ny sinh khi a cc ngoi ng mi vo.

cc nc ng u ting Nga tng l mt ngoi ng chnh trong nhiu thp nin va qua. Hin nay, ti thi im thit lp li quan h vi Lin minh Chu u, cc quc gia ny ang c gng nng cao cc k nng s dng ngoi ng ca nhng nc i tc mi, ch khng ch l ting Nga. i ph vi s thiu ht trm trng gio vin dy cc ngoi ng mi ny, nhiu nc bt u tuyn dng bt c ai c kin thc v ngoi ng v c bng cp ti thiu v ging dy ngoi ng.

Cho n nhng nm gn y, vic o to gio vin c cp tiu hc v trung hc dn dn c iu chnh theo nhng yu cu mi ca chng trnh. Hin nay, gio vin c o to cch khuyn khch hc sinh giao tip, kch thch mi quan tm ca cc em v nhng nn vn ha v ngn ng khc v hng dn cc em khm ph nhng mi trng bn ngoi.

Mt s nc khuyn khch nhng gio sinh hc ngoi ng nn dnh mt khong thi gian nht nh, c th l mt phn ca kha o to, ti

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nhng nc ang s dng ngoi ng mnh hc. Tuy nhin, a s cc nc khc coi nhng kha hc ti t nc ca ngn ng bn x ny l hot ng t chn.

L do chnh ca vic ny l chi ph cho nhng kha nh vy kh cao. V vy, o to ti chc c coi nh quyn li v ngha v ca gio vin v l cng c quan trng m bo nhng yu cu ca chng trnh mi c thc hin thnh cng trong thc t lp hc. Cc kho o to c xu hng tp trung vo phng php ging dy, nhng c th bao trm nhiu vn , chng hn phn tch sch gio khoa mi, dy ngn ng cho hc sinh c nhu cu gio dc c bit, pht trin chng trnh, hc ngn ng t sm, hoc ng dng cc k nng ngn ng vo cng vic. V. Thc trng dy v hc ngoi ng nc ta hin nay 1. Tnh hnh dy v hc ngoi ng trong trng ph thng

Mt s nt chung: T sau khi ho bnh c lp li n nay, vic dy v hc ngoi ng trong trng ph thng Vit Nam c th chia thnh hai giai on ch yu:

- T nm 1956 n nm 1975: min Bc, ting Nga v ting Trung Quc c dy v hc ph bin trong cc trng cp III v mt s trng cp II, ting Anh v ting Php cng c a vo ging dy trong nh trng, nhng vi quy m nh hn; min Nam, ting Anh v ting Php c dy v hc trong cc trng ph thng, ch yu cc thnh ph ln, ting Trung Quc cng c dy v hc, nhng vi quy m nh. - T nm 1975 n nay: c 4 th ting trn c dy v hc THCS (cp II) v THPT (cp III) theo chng trnh thng nht trn phm vi c nc.

S trng hc c dy ngoi ng pht trin nhanh. Tnh n nm hc 2003 - 2004, c nc c 91,1% trng THCS v 97,7% trng THPT c dy ngoi ng.

Hnh thc dy v hc ngoi ng a dng: ngoi ng l mn hc bt buc cp trung hc v l mn hc t chn cp tiu hc. Ting Anh, ting Php v ting Nga, ting Trung Quc tr thnh nhng mn chuyn cc trng THPT chuyn; ting Php c dy tng cng c th tr thnh mt chuyn ng mt s a phng.

Ngoi ng tr thnh mn thi tt nghip ca cp THPT, s lng hc sinh hc v tham gia thi tt nghip mn ngoi ng ngy cng tng. Theo s liu ca V Gio dc Trung hc, nm hc 2001-2002 c 593.644 hc sinh (90,36%) thi tt nghip ting nc ngoi.

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57/64 tnh, thnh ph c lp chuyn ngoi ng, c hc sinh tham gia thi hc sinh gii quc gia; mt s a phng c hc sinh tham gia v t gii cc k thi Olympic ting Nga quc t. Chng trnh v sch gio khoa: xy dng c cc b chng trnh v SGK ting nc ngoi ging dy trong trng ph thng t cp tiu hc n cp trung hc. Mt s b chng trnh v SGK (ting Anh, ting Nga, ting Php) c xy dng, bin son vi s hp tc ca chuyn gia bn ng nn phn nh c xu th mi ca th gii trong dy v hc ngoi ng. c bit, t nm hc 2000 2001, B GD&T ch o trin khai th im vic dy v hc theo chng trnh v sch gio khoa mi t lp 6 THCS n ht lp 12 THPT.

i ng gio vin: xy dng c i ng gio vin cho cp trung hc. 75,4% gio vin ngoi ng ca trng THCS c bng tt nghip cao ng ngoi ng v 97,3% gio vin ngoi ng ca trng THPT c bng tt nghip i hc. a s gio vin c bi dng lun phin hng nm v chuyn mn v nghip v s phm; mt s lng nht nh c tham d cc kho tp hun nng cao trnh ngoi ng v k nng s phm ti nc ngoi. Tuy vy nhn chung, i ng gio vin, cha m bo v s lng, cha t yu cu v cht lng theo yu cu ca chng trnh. Ni dung v phng php dy v hc cha tp trung ng mc vo qu trnh pht trin k nng giao tip ch thc cho hc sinh. V vy, sau khi tt nghip ph thng, hu ht hc sinh khng c kh nng giao tip bng ting nc ngoi nh mc tiu ra.

Thit b dy v hc: C s vt cht, thit b dy v hc ngoi ng cn ngho nn, n gin. Theo kt qu kho st thng 7/2004 ti 8 tnh i din cho 8 vng a l kinh t ca nc ta th bnh qun s phng hc ngoi ng tnh cho tng trng THCS l 0,07, t l hc sinh THCS / thit b nghe nhn l khong 1.229 HS/1 thit b; s lng bng a ghi hnh/ ghi m phc v cho vic hc ngoi ng ca 1 trng, tnh bnh qun, l 7,69; s tranh nh t liu phc v dy v hc ngoi ng, tnh bnh qun, l 2,13 chic/ trng. Cc chng trnh ngoi ng khc: Chng trnh mn t chn ting Anh cp Tiu hc: Chng trnh ny c theo quy nh ca B GD v T, bt u hc t lp 3 vi thi lng 2 tit/tun cc trng lp 2 bui ngy. B vn cha c vn bn hng dn c th v ti liu dy hc. Hin nay cc a phng tin hnh ging dy theo cc b sch khc nhau nh: B sch ca NXBGD theo chng trnh c, B sch Let's Go ca NXB Oxford (Vng quc Anh), B sch ca Trung tm cng ngh gio dc. Ti nay c 32,2% s trng tiu hc c y ngoi ng,

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Chng trnh ting Anh tng cng: Cc thnh ph ln nh TP H Ch Minh v ang trin khai th im chng trnh ting Anh tng cng lin thng t tiu hc n trung hc ph thng, bt u t lp 1 n lp 12 vi thi lng 8 tit/tun.

Chng trnh dy tng cng ting Php v bng ting Php (Chng trnh song ng): Chng trnh ny c chng trnh mn hc ring t lp 1 n lp 12 v trin khai 19 tnh thnh, bao gm 104 trng v 650 lp hc.

Chng trnh dy ting Php nh ngoi ng th hai: n nm 2006, Chng trnh ny trin khai trong 26 tnh thnh, thu ht trn 50.000 hc sinh. T nm hc 2006 2007, ting Php c chnh thc trin khai nh mt mn t chn THCS v nh mn t chn khng bt buc THPT.

T chc qun l: Thiu s ch o thng nht, mang tnh chin lc. Khng bo m s lin thng trong dy v hc gia cc cp hc. Chng trnh cn tn mn : chng trnh THPT 3 nm, chng trnh 7 nm cho THCS v THPT, chng trnh tng cng ting Php khin cho cng tc ch o qun l, t chc kim tra nh gi gp nhiu kh khn. Hnh thc kim tra nh gi trnh ngoi ng ca hc sinh hin nay, ch yu l kim tra v thi vit, cha c iu kin nh gi ton din c 4 k nng l: nghe, ni, c, vit.

Nhn xt chung: Nhn chung, cht lng dy v hc cha cao do mc tiu dy v hc ngoi ng t ra cha r rng, thi lng dy v hc ngoi ng cha , i ng gio vin ngoi ng thiu v s lng v km v cht lng, c s vt cht cn ngho nn. Trnh s dng ngoi ng ca hc sinh thp2.

2. Tnh hnh dy v hc ngoi ng trong cc trng dy ngh Mt s nt chung: Tng s trng dy ngh hin nay l 233. Trc 2003, ngoi ng cha c a vo chng trnh ging dy chnh thc trong cc trng dy ngh, tr mt s ngnh ngh c tnh c th nh tin hc, l

2 Khi chun b D tho n dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn giai on 2007-

2020, Ban son tho d nh tin hnh kho st trnh ngoi ng ca hc sinh hin nay, song sau t b nh ny v nu da vo cc tiu chun nh gi hin hnh kh m kt lun v trnh ngoi ng thc s ca hc sinh. V vn ny, cc t chc quc t uy tn nh Hi ng Anh v Trung tm gio dc v o to Apollo Vit Nam cung cp kt qu nh gi v trnh ting Anh theo chun quc t ca 20 nc. Theo nh gi ny th hc sinh Vit Nam xp th 8/20 v kh nng vit v c, nhng xp th 18-19/20 v kh nng nghe v ni ting Anh. H cho rng trnh ting Anh ca hc sinh THPT c chng t n s cp hoc tin trung cp (Elementary v Pre-intermediate), khong di 300 TOEFL hoc 3 IELTS (tng ng vi Bc 2 ca Khung nng lc ngoi ng (KNLNN), xem trang 26). Gn y c mt s cng trnh nghin cu l t (Nghin cu nh gi hiu qu o to ting Anh nh mt ngoi ng ti cc trng i hc trn a bn TP. HCM ca TS V Th Phng Anh v ThS. Nguyn Bch Hnh) s dng cc bc trnh TOEFL v IELTS nh gi trnh ting Anh ca sinh vin i hc v i n kt lun rng trnh ting Anh ca sinh vin ta rt thp, ch tng ng vi 360-370 im TOEFL hoc 3,5 im IELTS (cha ti Bc 3 ca KNLNN). Vi trnh nh vy sinh vin cha c kh nng din t tng ca mnh.

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tn, hng dn vin du lch... Ngy 27/02/2003, B Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi ra Quyt nh s 212/2003/Q-BLTBXH quy nh mn ngoi ng s l mn hc bt buc hoc t chn, tu theo ngh o to, vi qu thi gian l 60 gi hc i vi kho hc12 thng, 75 gi hc kho 18 thng, 90 gi hc kho 24 thng, 120 gi hc kho 30 thng v v 150 tit i vi kho hc 36 thng. Kt qu l ch trong 2 nm (2002 v 2003) t l hc sinh hc ngoi ng trong cc trng dy ngh tng ng k, t 69,27% nm 2002 ln 76,00% nm 2003. Cc trng dy ngh c la chn dy t nht mt trong bn ngoi ng l Nga, Anh, Php, Trung. Tuy vy, t l hc sinh hc ting Anh chim ti 98,6%. T l hc sinh hc ting Php, Nga v mt s cc th ting khc chim s cn li. Khng c hc sinh hc ting Trung.

Chng trnh v sch gio khoa: Chng trnh, gio trnh phn ln do gio vin ca cc trng t bin son theo hai loi: i cng v chuyn ngnh. Nh trng t tin hnh thm nh gio trnh, cha c chng trnh o to chnh quy v ngoi ng. Ti liu dy v hc ch yu ly t sch nc ngoi t nhiu ngun v vi tn sch khc nhau.

i ng gio vin: Gio vin dy ngoi ng hin nay cn mng, ch chim 5,6% tng s gio vin trong trng vo nm 2002 v 5,8% vo nm 2003. Nhiu trng phi thu GV hp ng bn ngoi. Gio vin ngoi ng trong cc trng dy ngh c bng cao ng tr ln chim mt t l ln (76% nm 2003). Tuy vy s gio vin c chng ch A, B, C c dy ngoi ng chim ti 24%. Trnh s phm ca GV l mt vn ng quan tm. S GV c trnh i hc s phm chim trn 50%, c trnh sau i hc s phm cha ti 1%. H c rt t c hi v iu kin bi dng, nng cao trnh chuyn mn v nghip v s phm.

Thit b dy v hc: Cc trang thit b dy v hc ngoi ng cc trng ngh cn ngho nn. Bnh qun s hc sinh trn mt phng hc ngoi ng l 637. Bnh qun s hc sinh trn mt thit b nghe nhn l 206, c 91 hc sinh th c mt bng a/hnh/ting. Bnh qun mi trng ch c 6,6 tranh nh, t liu ngoi ng. T chc qun l: Cng tc qun l ch o cha thng nht, cha ng b, cha c chng trnh lin thng gia cc cp bc hc. c bit cha c quy ch r rng v vic thi c, bng cp. Phn ln hnh thc nh gi hc sinh da vo cc bi kim tra vit. Do vy cht lng o to ngoi ng cha cao. 3. Tnh hnh dy v hc ngoi ng trong trng trung cp chuyn nghip

Mt s nt chung: Tnh n thng 6/2006 c nc c 292 trng trung cp chuyn nghip trong tng s 515 trng, cc c s c o to trung

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cp chuyn nghip. Hu ht cc trng u c ging dy ngoi ng. Cc trng trung cp chuyn nghip c la chn dy hc t nht mt trong bn ngoi ng l ting Nga, ting Anh, ting Php, ting Trung Quc. T l hc sinh hc ngoi ng tng ng k t 76,8% nm 2002 ln 85,4% nm 2003.

Tuy vy, t l hc sinh hc ting Anh chim ti 99,4%, t l cn li l ting Php. Khng c hc sinh hc ting Nga v ting Trung trong thi gian gn y. Chng trnh v sch gio khoa: Chng trnh khung v ngoi ng do B GD&T quy nh s tit t 60 210 tit, tu theo h tuyn v thi gian o to. Trn c s chng trnh khung, cc trng t xy dng sch gio khoa cho tng ngnh ngh o to ph hp vi tng iu kin c th ca trng. Tuy nhin, trong thc t chng trnh ngoi ng hin ti ch p ng c cc mc ch sau:

- Trang b kin thc ng php c bn - Cung cp kin thc c bn phc v giao tip hng ngy - c ti liu chuyn mn n gin - p ng yu cu v thi tuyn cng chc Ngoi chng trnh khung gio dc THCN, nm 2003 B GD&T ban hnh Chng trnh mn ngoi ng (ting Anh, ting Php) THCN.

i ng gio vin: i ng gio vin dy ngoi ng trong cc trng THCN hin nay ch t gn 7% tng s gio vin. T l hc sinh hc ngoi ng trn mt gio vin ngoi ng ln trn 200. Trong s gio vin hin dy ngoi ng cc trng, c khong trn 90% l gio vin ting Anh. S cn li l gio vin ting Php, ting Trung v cc ngn ng khc. Gio vin dy ngoi ng trong cc trng THCN ch yu l c nhn ngoi ng.

Cc gio vin tham gia ging dy mn ngoi ng u c trnh s phm hoc c bi dng s phm. Khong 2/3 s gio vin ngoi ng l cn b trong bin ch hoc l i ng c hu ca trng, s cn li l hp ng.

Thit b dy v hc: Trang thit b dy ngoi ng cc trng THCN cn ngho nn v khng ng u. Mt s trng c phng dy ngoi ng (language lab) nhng cng c trng cha c c thit b nghe nhn. Bnh qun s hc sinh trn mt phng hc ngoi ng l 1.137. Bnh qun s hc sinh trn mt thit b nghe nhn l 176, c 38 HS th c mt bng a/hnh/ting. Mi trng ch c 9,4 tranh nh, t liu NN.

T chc qun l: Qun l ch o cha ng b. Cha c quy nh r rng v kim nh nh gi dy ngoi ng, thi c, vn bng. Cc trng vn phi cn c vo mt s quy nh chung t tin hnh ging dy.

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Nhn xt chung: Nhn chung, cht lng dy v hc cha cao; chng trnh v sch gio khoa cha p ng c nhu cu hc ngoi ng ca tng i tng c th; i ng gio vin ngoi ng khng ng u v trnh ; k nng giao tip bng ngoi ng cn hn ch, cha p ng c yu cu ging dy ngoi ng chuyn ngnh/nghip v, t c c hi c bi dng nng cao trnh , thc t gic hc tp rn luyn nng cao trnh cn thp; c s vt cht cn ngho nn. 4. Tnh hnh dy v hc ngoi ng trong cc trng i hc v cao ng Hin ti, cc trng H v C thc hin vic dy v hc ngoi ng theo hai chng trnh khc nhau, l o to khng chuyn v chuyn v ngoi ng v o to chuyn ngoi ng. Cc trng khng chuyn tin hnh vic dy v hc ngoi ng nhm tip tc nng cao nhng kin thc v k nng ngoi ng m ngi hc hc c nh trng ph thng theo hng chuyn ngnh. Cc trng v cc kha o to ngoi ng chuyn, trong c cc trng s phm c mc ch o to cn b, gio vin, bin dch, phin dch cc cp C, H, ThS v TS.

4.1 Dy v hc ngoi ng cc trng C v H khng chuyn Mt s nt chung: o to ngoi ng khng chuyn c quy nh bt

buc cho tt c cc chng trnh o to ca cc trng H v C (tr chuyn ng). T l sinh vin khng chuyn ng c o to ti trng chim trn 80%, o to t xa chim t l rt nh (1,7%), o to ti cc a phng l 16%. 93% sinh vin khng chuyn ng hc ting Anh, tip n ting Php gn 3%, ting Nga trn 2%, ting Trung 1,5% v cc ngoi ng khc gn nh khng c.

Hin nay, cc trng i hc u thc hin chng trnh ngoi ng khng chuyn vi thi lng 20 n v hc trnh dnh cho phn kin thc chung v 5-6 n v hc trnh cho ngoi ng chuyn ngnh. i vi sinh vin cao ng hc 10 n v hc trnh (150 tit), trong thng s dng 120 tit hc kin thc chung v 30 tit dnh ring cho NN chuyn ngnh, mt s trng cao ng s phm vn duy tr chng trnh vi thi lng 20 n v hc trnh tng ng trnh A. Theo qui nh mi ca B GD v T th thi lng c qui nh l 10 n v hc trnh cho nhng sinh vin hc xong chng trnh 7 nm ph thng.

Chng trnh v sch gio khoa: Hin cha c gio trnh ngoi ng khng chuyn chung cho cc trng. Theo ngh ca nhiu trng, B GD&T nn bin son chng trnh v gio trnh ngoi ng khng chuyn cho tt c cc trng i hc v cao ng nng cao cht lng v ph hp

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vi tnh hnh hin ti, ring phn ngoi ng chuyn ngnh do cc trng t bin son.

i ng ging vin: Ging vin (GV) ng vai tr quyt nh n cht lng o to ngoi ng ca cc h chuyn v khng chuyn ng. Trn 76% i ng ging vin ngoi ng (GVNN) hin nay l GV ting Anh, GV ting Php chim gn 10%, GV ting Nga 6,5%, ting Trung 4,3% v GV ca tt c cc ngoi ng cn li ch l 3,3%. T l SV/GV bnh qun l 163 SV/GV tnh chung cho c khi chuyn v khi khng chuyn, y l t l cao. Nu tnh t l ny cho tng ngoi ng th ting Anh cao nht gn 200 SV/GV, ting Php thp nht 51 SV/GV, cc ngoi ng khc l 111 SV/GV. Vn s lng v c cu loi hnh GVNN rt cn c lu . V trnh o to, tnh chung, c 88% GV c trnh o to t i hc tr ln. Nh vy vn cn 12% GV NN c trnh o to di chun. Hin vn cn mt b phn GV (18%) cha qua o to s phm. T l GV hp ng chim 32% tng s GV.

Phng php dy v hc ch yu vn l phng php c, vn thin v dy ng php, t vng. Vic rn luyn cc k nng nghe, ni, c, vit cn rt hn ch do iu kin qui m lp qu ng, phng tin trang thit b thiu Vic p dng cc phng php dy v hc tch cc ch p dng i vi cc h o to chuyn.

Thit b dy v hc: Trang thit b phc v dy v hc hin ang rt hn ch. Mc d hu nh tt c cc trng i hc v cao ng c phng hc ngoi ng, nhng bnh qun s SV/phng hc l kh cao, tnh chung l 1.470 SV/phng hc. i vi cc trng i hc v hc vin, con s ny ln dn 2.000 SV/phng hc. Nhiu phng hc do c trang b lu nay xung cp. Cc trang thit b, dng ging dy v hc tp khc cng rt thiu. Mt khc, nhiu ni vn cha s dng c hiu qu nhng trang thit b hin c. Nhiu trng cha th vin, sch, bo NN cn thit, cng nh ch ngi thun tin trong th vin phc v SV, tnh bnh qun 81 SV/ch ngi trong th vin NN. Sp ti ngoi vic tng cng c s vt cht trang thit b rt cn bi dng cho i ng GV s dng c hiu qu trang thit b vi phng php ging dy ph hp.

Cht lng o to ngoi ng khng chuyn cho sinh vin nhn chung cn thp, khi ra trng h cha c kh nng s dng ngoi ng c o to trong chuyn mn ca mnh3. l do nhiu nguyn nhn: trnh ngoi ng ca SV khi mi nhp hc hu khp cc trng i hc v cao ng khng ging nhau; cha thc hin c s lin thng trong o to; chng trnh v gio trnh cha ph hp, c bit l phn chuyn ngnh; qui m lp hc ngoi ng ca H&C ln; GV cn thiu, phng php ging dy cn lc hu... 3 Xem gii thch 2

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4.2. Dy v hc ngoi ng cc trng C v H chuyn ng

Mt s nt chung: Hin ti Vit Nam c 105 trng H v 130 trng C. S trng c o to chuyn ngnh ngoi ng nh sau:

Bng 1: S lng cc trng C v H chuyn ng v s phm ngoi ng4

Loi trng H ngoi ng H s phm

ngoi ng C c khoa chuyn ng

C s phm ngoi ng

S lng trng

59 4 15 38

Bng 2: S lng tuyn sinh phn theo cc chng trnh o to ngoi

ng nm 2007

Loi chng trnh

H ngoi ng H s phm ngoi ng

C ngoi ng C s phm ngoi ng

S lng tuyn sinh

12.105 3.035 4.880 765

Nh vy, vi nng lc o to hin nay ca cc trng, mi nm chng ta c thm 3.035 gio vin c trnh H v 765 gio vin c trnh C. Bn cnh chng ta cn c trn 12.000 sinh vin tt nghip ngnh ngoi ng trnh H v trn 4.800 trnh C. Mt iu ng ch na l khong gn 1/2 s sinh vin ngnh ngoi ng (khng s phm) l sinh vin cc trng H dn lp, nhng c s o to khng c kinh nghim o to s phm.

Theo thng k ca kho st mi nht, t l sinh vin chuyn ng chim 3,04% tng s sinh vin nm 2003. 79% sinh vin chuyn ng c o to ti trng. Vic o to ngoi ng t xa hu nh khng c. Sinh vin chuyn ng c o to ting Anh chim t l 85%, tip n l ting Php 5,6% v tng ng l ting Trung 5,5%, sinh vin hc ting Nga hin cn rt t, tnh chung ch l 1,9%. Thi gian o to c thc hin 4 nm ti cc trng i hc v 3 nm ti cc trng cao ng. Chng trnh v gio trnh o to ch yu do cc trng t thit k v bin son trn c s nhng qui nh chung ca B GD&T. Cha c nhng nh gi chnh thc v cht lng o to 4 B Gio dc v o to. Nhng iu cn bit v tuyn sinh H v C nm 2007. H Ni, B GD&T, 2007

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ca cc h o to chuyn ngoi ng, tuy nhin c th ni cht lng o to l khng ng u, bn cnh mt s trng cht lng o to tt, cn c nhng trng c cht lng cha cao. Bng 3: S lng tuyn sinh phn theo cc chng trnh o to ngoi

ng v vng a l nm 2007

Vng HNN HSP NN C NN CSP NN

ng bc 90 230 195 90

Ty bc 0 65 90 50

H Ni 3.935 910 125 0

ng bng sng Hng 1.050 40 700 70

Bc Trung b 525 525 350 110

Trung Trung b 1.505 215 410 100

Ty nguyn 270 300 180 105

ng nam b 550 0 870 80

Tp HCM 3.760 420 1.250 35

ng bng Sng Cu Long 420 330 710 125

Ton quc 12.105 3.035 4.880 765

Vi s lng sinh vin ngoi ng ang c o to ngoi ng nh hin nay, khng th ni l vn thiu gio vin ngoi ng cha cp bch lm so vi s bt hp l ca s phn b h thng o to ngoi ng hin nay. Trong ton quc h thng o to s phm ngoi ng tp trung ch yu vo hai thnh ph ln l H Ni v Tp. HCM. Vng ni pha Bc v Ty nguyn l nhng khu vc c t nng lc o to nht.

V chng trnh o to Theo khung chng trnh o to H ca khi ngnh ngoi ng, cc c

nhn Anh vn cn phi hc mt khi lng kin thc tng ng trn 200 n v hc trnh, ring chuyn ngnh s phm ngoi ng Anh vn cn hc thm cc kin thc s phm ngoi ng. Cu trc chng trnh s phm ngoi ng nh sau:

1. Kin thc gio dc i cng ti thiu 70 vht

2. Kin thc gio dc chuyn nghip ti thiu Trong Khi kin thc ngnh (ngoi ng)

140 vht 77-90 vht

3. Kin thc s phm ngoi ng 23 vht

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Cng 233 vht

Tuy nhin vi cu trc chng trnh nh vy, c th thy phn chng trnh dnh cho ngoi ng cn qu t (77/233, cha ti mt phn ba). Mt khc, chng trnh hin ti c thit k cho u vo l hc sinh ph thng c vn kin thc ngoi ng tng ng h 3 nm trung hc ph thng. Lng kin thc s phm li cn t hn (cha ti 10% khi lng chng trnh). Nh vy sinh vin hc xong vn cha thnh tho ngoi ng (theo yu cu ca chng trnh mi) m cng khng phi l gio sinh gii. Trong khung chng trnh o to C ca khi ngnh CSP cha c khung chng trnh s phm ngoi ng. Tuy nhin nu cn c vo khung chng trnh CSP ni chung th c th thy phn dnh cho ngoi ng (kin thc chuyn mn) chim cha y 30% (khong 60-64 vht trong 196 vht). Nh vy gio vin ngoi ng trnh C kh lng c th p ng yu cu ca cng vic ging dy ngoi ng trong tnh hnh i mi. 5. Tnh hnh dy v hc ngoi ng trong loi hnh gio dc thng xuyn5 (GDTX) Mt s nt chung: Qui m hc ngoi ng trong GDTX ngy cng pht trin v m rng, c v s lng hc vin (HV), cng nh s lng cc Trung tm/c s dy v hc ngoi ng khng chnh qui. Hin nay cc c s GDTX rt a dng, tuy nhin c th phn thnh 2 loi:

C s GDTX cng lp : Hin nay cc c s GDTX rt a dng, pht trin rng khp trn c nc, bao gm 29 trng b tc vn ho, 57 trung tm GDTX cp tnh, 517 trung tm GDTX cp qun, huyn. Ngoi ra cn c gn 6.000 trung tm hc tp cng ng. S hc vin b tc vn ho THCS v hc vin b tc vn ho THPT ngy cng tng. Ngoi ng l mn hc khuyn khch cho hc vin cc lp b tc THCS hoc b tc THPT. Do , nhiu trung tm GDTX cn m cc lp hc ngoi ng bui ti cho nhng ngi c nhu cu.

Cc c s/trung tm ngoi ng: Hin nay c nc c hn 500 trung tm/c s ngoi ng. Tuy nhin cc trung tm ny thng tp trung cc thnh ph ln, th trn, th x, nhiu nht H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Hng nm c khong 400 ngn lt ngi theo hc cc chng trnh ngoi ng A, B, C hoc ngoi ng chuyn ngnh ti cc c s/trung tm ngoi

5 Lut Gio dc nm 2005 chnh thc dng thut ng Gio dc thng xuyn thay cho Gio dc khng chnh quy.

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ng ny. Tuy nhin, trong thc t s HV hc ngoi ng v s lng cc trung tm ngoi ng cn ln hn nhiu, v nhiu trung tm/c s ngoi ng cn cha ng k vi cc s GD-T. i tng hc ngoi ng cc c s GDTX rt a dng.

Chng trnh, sch gio khoa: Trong cc trung tm GDTX v cc trng b tc vn ho (BTVH) ngoi ng c dy vi t cch l mn hc khuyn khch cc lp b tc THCS vi tng s tit cho c 4 lp (t lp 6 n lp 9) l 352 tit (THCS chnh quy l 385 tit). i vi b tc THPT, ting Anh cng c coi l mn khuyn khch. Hin nay, cc trng BTVH c th tu theo iu kin m la chn dy v hc ngoi ng (thc ra l ting Anh) theo mt trong ba chng trnh sau: - Chng trnh ting Anh b tc THPT c vi tng s tit cho c 3 lp l

256 tit tng ng vi chng trnh ting Anh THPT c (297 tit). - Chng trnh ting Anh THPT - Chng trnh ting Anh A, B, C do B GD v T ban hnh.

Sau khi hc xong chng trnh ngoi ng ca BTVH, HV c th t trnh tng ng vi ting Anh ca hc sinh THPT, tc l c kh nng nghe, ni v nhng vn sinh hot, hc tp hng ngy, vit c th trao i vi bn b v c kh nng c hiu cc ti liu n gin.

Nhn chung cc trng BTVH, cc TTGDTX s dng SGK ca ph thng chnh qui. Tu theo nhu cu ca hc vin, mt s TTGDTX cn dy ngoi ng theo chng trnh A, B to iu kin cho cc em sau khi hc xong c c chng ch ngoi ng. Tuy nhin, cc gio trnh nhn chung lc hu (v d, gio trnh Streamline English), cn cc gio trnh hin i, mi nht th khng c cp nht tng cng kh nng nghe, ni ca hc vin.

i vi cc trung tm/c s ngoi ng ca cc trng cao ng, i hc, ca cc c nhn, t chc trong v ngoi nc th chng trnh cc trung tm/c s ngoi ng ny rt a dng. Nhiu trung tm/c s ngoi ng dy theo chng trnh A, B, C do B qui nh (A: 400 tit, B: 400 tit v C: 450 tit) hoc cc chng trnh ngoi ng chuyn ngnh (lp luyn nghe ni cp tc, lp phin dch, lp ngoi ng tin hc, v.v....) hoc cc chng trnh ca nc ngoi. Gio trnh, ti liu c s dng cng rt a dng, phong ph, bao gm cc ti liu, gio trnh t bin son hoc cc gio trnh, ti liu ca nc ngoi.

i ng gio vin: i ng GV dy trong cc c s GDTX va thiu v s lng, va yu v cht lng. i ng GV ch yu l hp ng, nhn chung c nhiu hn ch. Cc TTGDTX tnh, huyn thng khng c bin ch GV dy ngoi ng v y l mn hc khuyn khch.

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cc trung tm/c s ngoi ng ca cc trng cao ng, i hc, ca cc c nhn, t chc trong v ngoi nc, GV ch yu cng l hp ng, nhiu ngi cha t chun, nng lc s phm cn hn ch, khng c tp hun, bi dng, khng hiu GDTX, khng hiu c im i tng. Nhiu trung tm cn mi c nhng ngi khng c bng cp v ngoi ng, mi c sinh vin cha tt nghip tham gia ging dy v.v...

Mt s trung tm c gng mi c GV gii, c uy tn, thm ch GV bn ng. Tuy nhin vic mi GV bn ng, GV c trnh , t chun rt kh khn v tn nhiu kinh ph. V vy mt s trung tm/c s ngoi ng tuy c mi GV bn ng nhng s ngi ny khng c chuyn mn v ngn ng, v s phm.

Thit b dy v hc: Cc TTGDTX, cc trng BTVH hu nh cha c u t g v kinh ph, v bin ch, v c s vt cht, trang thit b dy v hc. Nhiu trung tm khng c c nhng thit b dy v hc ngoi ng ti thiu nh: my cassette, h thng tranh nh dy ngoi ng theo danh mc thit b, dng dy v hc do B GD&T quy nh. Cha c mt TT GDTX no, thm ch nhng thnh ph ln nh H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng c trang b phng hc ngoi ng (Lab), u my DVD, phn mm, bng hnh, my tnh s dng phn mm dy v hc NN....

Thc trng thit b dy v hc cc trung tm/c s ngoi ng ca cc trng cao ng, i hc, ca cc c nhn, t chc trong v ngoi nc rt khc nhau. Cc trung tm ch yu ch c trang thit b dy v hc ti thiu nh my casset, bng ghi ting, khng c phng hc ting cng nh cc trang thit b dy v hc ngoi ng hin i khc. Mt s trung tm phi thu mn phng hc. Mt s trung tm/c s GDTX cn chy theo li nhun trc mt m khng chu u t c s vt cht, trang thit b dy v hc. Mt s trung tm quan tm ti cht lng, ti trang thit b thu ht HV, tuy nhin, vic u t cng rt hn ch, phi tnh ton v phi t hch ton, t thu, t chi. Mt s trung tm lin kt vi nc ngoi, vic u t c kh hn v phng hc, v trang thit b. Tuy nhin s trung tm nh vy khng nhiu v hc ph cao.

T chc, qun l: Nh nc cng c nhiu bin php tng cng qun l vic thnh lp cng nh qun l cht lng dy v hc ngoi ng ti cc trung tm/c s ngoi ng. B ban hnh chng trnh ngoi ng A, B, C, qui nh thi lng, khi lng kin thc cho mi chng trnh. B ban hnh quyt nh v qui ch, qui nh vic t chc dy ngoi ng cc trung tm ngoi ng. nng cao cht lng dy v hc ngoi ng v bo m mt bng kin thc chung gia cc trung tm, t 1994, B cho php mt s S GD-T c cc iu kin c t chc thi tp trung v cp chng ch ngoi

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ng A, B, C cho cc trung tm/c s ngoi ng do s GD-T trc tip qun l. Tuy nhin, vic qun l vic dy v hc ngoi ng cc trung tm/ c s GDTX cn nhiu bt cp. Nhiu trung tm thnh lp khng bo co s GD-T. Cc s GD-T hin nay khng th qun l ht s trung tm/c s ngoi ng a phng, nht l cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng v.vVai tr qun l ca nhiu s GD-T i vi loi hnh gio dc ny cn hn ch. Nhiu s khng c cn b ch o c chuyn mn v ngoi ng cho nn vic qun l chng trnh, vic thc hin chng trnh, t chc thi c, cp pht bng cn nhiu bt cp. Cng tc thanh tra, kim tra cc trung tm/ c s ngoi ng cn hn ch, cha kp thi x l nhng vi phm, cha kin quyt gii th nhng trung tm/c s hot ng vi phm cc qui nh, qui ch ca B GD-T nh khng GV, hoc GV khng tiu chun hoc thiu c s vt cht hoc khng thc hin ng v y chng trnh, nh hng ti cht lng dy v hc. Vic qun l, ch o dy v hc ngoi ng cc lp B tc THCS, B tc THPT cc TTGDTX cn cha c coi trng v y l mn hc khuyn khch theo nhu cu v khng phi mn thi tt nghip.

Nhn xt chung: Cht lng dy-hc ngoi ng trong GDTX nhn chung cn thp, cha p ng yu cu. Dy v hc ngoi ng trong GDTX, c bit cc TTGDTX, cc trng BTVH cha c coi trng, cha c u t v kinh ph, c s vt cht, i ng gio vin, v.v...

Nhiu hc vin b tc THCS, b tc THPT khng c hc ngoi ng v khng phi l mn hc bt buc. iu ny hn ch kh nng ti ho nhp ca cc em vo THPT chnh quy hoc hc tip ln i hc. Mt s em khng c hc ngoi ng THCS rt kh c iu kin hc tip theo chng trnh 7 nm THPT. Ngc li mt s em hc 4 nm THCS, nhng khi sang BTTHPT li phi hc li t u hoc khi vo i hc cng phi hc li t u, rt lng ph v khng hiu qu.

Cht lng dy hc ngoi ng cc c s GDTX vn cn thp so vi yu cu, qui nh ca B v chng ch A, B, C, cha p ng yu cu ca ngi hc, ca x hi. Nhiu ngi hc i hc li m khng c hiu qu. Nhiu ngi c chng ch ngoi ng A, B, C nhng nng lc li khng tng xng.

6. nh gi chung 6.1. Thnh tu Trong nhng nm va qua, mc d cn nhiu kh khn v bt cp, vic

dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn t c nhng kt qu ng khch l nh sau:

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a. Bn ngoi ng l ting Anh, ting Nga, ting Php v ting Trung Quc, trong ting Anh ngy cng chim t trng cao, c dy trong cc trng ph thng t lp 6 n lp 12 cc trng ph thng, trong cc trng ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc. 92% hc sinh cc trng trung hc c s, 99% hc sinh trung hc ph thng, 81% hc sinh dy ngh v trung cp chuyn nghip, 100% sinh vin cao ng v i hc u c hc mt trong bn ngoi ng trn. b. Ngoi ng c dy i tr theo chng trnh 3 nm - 315 tit v 7 nm - 700 tit cc cp trung hc c s v trung hc ph thng. Ngoi ra, p ng cc nhu cu c th, ngoi ng cn c dy v hc theo cc chng trnh t chn, tng cng, song ng v chuyn ng k c cp tiu hc. i vi cc trng dy ngh v trung cp chuyn nghip, ngoi ng c dy v hc vi thi lng 60- 210 tit - tu theo h tuyn v thi gian o to. Cc trng cao ng khng chuyn ng dy v hc ngoi ng vi thi lng l 10 n v hc trnh, cn cc trng i hc khng chuyn ng l 25 n v hc trnh. Cc trng cao ng chuyn ng dy v hc ngoi ng vi thi lng l 60-64 n v hc trnh, cn cc trng i hc chuyn ng l 77-90 n v hc trnh. c. i ng gio vin/ging vin ngoi ng ng o gm gn 62.000 ngi c hnh thnh, khng ngng c nng cao v trnh v tn tu vi ngh nghip.

d. xy dng c cc b chng trnh v sch gio khoa, gio trnh ngoi ng ging dy trong cc trng t ph thng n i hc. C s vt cht, thit b dy v hc ngoi ng bt u c ch trng v ci thin. Sch bo, ti liu bng ting nc ngoi ngy cng nhiu, to mi trng thun li cho vic hc tp v s dng ngoi ng.

. So vi nhng nm trc y, trnh ngoi ng ca th h tr Vit Nam c nng cao, i ng cc chuyn gia v ngoi ng c tng cng v s lng v nng cao v cht lng. Vic dy v hc ngoi ng trong lnh vc gio dc thng xuyn cng c nhiu tin b.

6.2. Hn ch Tuy nhin, trong bi cnh ca thi i vi xu th ton cu ho v hi

nhp quc t, m ca ra th gii, lm bn vi cc nc trn th gii, trc i hi ca s pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc, vic dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn v ang bc l nhiu hn ch m ni bt l nhng biu hin c th sau y:

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a. Trnh ngoi ng ca hc sinh, sinh vin Vit Nam nhn chung cn hn ch, cc em cha nng lc s dng ngoi ng lm cng c giao tip mt cch t tin. b. Hiu qu s dng ngoi ng ca hc sinh, sinh vin tt nghip cn thp. Phn ln sinh vin cao ng, i hc cha c kh nng s dng ngoi ng tham kho, nghin cu ti liu nc ngoi hoc theo hc cc chng trnh o to bng ting nc ngoi. Trong mi trng lm vic, c bit trc yu cu hi nhp th ngoi ng l im yu km ca lc lng lao ng Vit Nam. c. Dy v hc ngoi ng hin nay nhn chung l cha hiu qu so vi thi gian cng nh ngun lc m Nh nc v nhn dn u t.

6.3. Nguyn nhn Nhng nguyn nhn chnh dn n nhng hn ch nu trn l:

a. Nhn thc ca cc c quan qun l, ch o vic dy v hc ngoi ng cn hn ch. Chnh sch, quy ch v dy v hc ngoi ng cha y , cha nht qun v cha cp nht. Cng tc qun l ch o vic dy v hc ngoi ng cc a phng, trng hc cn lng tng.

b. i ng gio vin dy ngoi ng cn yu km v nng lc chuyn mn, lc hu v phng php ging dy. Mt b phn gio vin ngoi ng cha t chun. Thiu gio vin ngoi ng hu ht cc cp hc v trnh o to, c bit l nhng a phng kh khn, xa xi, ho lnh. c. C s vt cht, phng tin, dng dy v hc dnh cho mn ngoi ng thiu thn, ngho nn, khng ng b. Phng hc cn thiu, lp hc ngoi ng cn qu ng. d. Vic t chc dy v hc ngoi ng cc cp hc cha c nh hng mc tiu c th v nng lc ngoi ng, thiu tnh lin tc, tnh lin thng, khng a dng p ng cc nhu cu khc nhau. Thi lng dnh cho mn ngoi ng cn t. Phng php kim tra nh gi v ngoi ng cn lc hu. . Hp tc quc t trong lnh vc dy v hc ngoi ng cn nhiu hn ch.

e. Mi trng lm vic v iu kin x hi ni chung cha h tr vic s dng ngoi ng, cha to ng lc cho hc sinh, sinh vin v ngi lao ng trong hc tp v nng cao trnh ngoi ng.

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B. MC TIU - GII PHP I. Cc yu cu i vi i mi dy v hc ngoi ng

thc hin ch trng, ng li ca ng v Nh nc v khc phc nhng yu km, bt cp trong thi gian va qua, ni dung n dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn nc ta t 2008 n nm 2020 v thi k tip theo cn p ng nhng yu cu nh sau: 1. i mi dy v hc ngoi ng phi bao gm cc gii php i tr m bo p ng mc tiu di hn l nng cao nng lc ngoi ng ca i b phn th h tr ca t nc, ng thi phi ra cc gii php t ph nhm gii quyt cc vn cp bch trc mt trong vic nhanh chng nng cao nng lc ngoi ng ca mt s i tng u tin trong mt thi gian ngn, nhm p ng ngay yu cu hi nhp, hin i ho, cng nghip ho t nc.

2. i mi dy v hc ngoi ng phi bao gm cc gii php cht lng v cc gii php s lng. Cc gii php cht lng bao gm nhng i mi v cc kha cnh nh hon thin chng trnh, sch gio khoa, o to v bi dng gio vin, tng cng trang thit b, i mi kim tra nh gi..., trong khi cc gii php s lng bao gm vic tng thm s tit dy v hc ngoi ng tng cp hc, trnh o to, xem xt vic trin khai dy v hc ngoi ng la tui v cp hc thp hn.

3. Tng cng qun l cht ch v mc tiu, yu cu chung i vi tng cp hc, trnh o to, ng thi a dng ho cc hnh thc hc tp, thc hin phn cp mnh m cho cc a phng, cc trng trong vic chn la ngoi ng cng nh cc loi chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng ph hp.

4. y mnh x hi ho thng qua vic a dng ho ngun lc gio vin v cc hnh thc t chc dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn.

5. i ti s ng nht v t chc dy v hc ngoi ng, trong giai on trc mt chp nhn c s khc bit trong dy v hc ngoi ng v chng trnh, trnh , s lng v ngoi ng c th cn dy i vi cc vng min, a phng v c s gio dc khc nhau. Khuyn khch cc a phng, cc trng hc c iu kin trin khai vic i mi dy v hc ngoi ng vi nhp nhanh hn, trnh cao hn so vi yu cu chung ca n.

II. Cc ni dung i mi dy v hc ngoi ng 1. Vic dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc Vit Nam c thit k theo mt khung trnh nng lc ngoi ng thng nht. Khung trnh nng lc ngoi ng ny lm nn tng cho s m bo lin thng gia cc cp hc trong vic dy v hc ngoi ng, to c s phn b lng thi gian

26

cho tng cp hc, xy dng chng trnh v bin son nhng ni dung kim tra nh gi c th.

Bng 4: Khung nng lc ngoi ng Bc Nghe Ni c Vit

Bc 6

C th hiu d dng ni dung cc cuc giao tip hng ngy v hot ng chuyn mn.

C th nu kin hoc tr chuyn v cc vn tng i phc tp.

C th hiu cc ti liu, th tn, bo co v hiu ni dung ct yu ca cc vn bn phc tp.

C th vit v cc vn phc v nhu cu c nhn vi cch din t tt, chnh xc.

Bc 5

Nghe hiu ni dung chnh cc cuc hp, hi tho trong lnh vc chuyn mn v hot ng hng ngy .

C th tham gia giao tip bng kh nng ngn ng tng i tri chy v nhng vn lin quan n chuyn mn v hot ng x hi thng thng.

C th c nhanh nm bt cc thng tin cn thit qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng v ti liu ph thng.

C th ghi chp tng i chnh xc ni dung chnh trong cc cuc tho lun, cuc hpv

c th vit cc bo co lin quan n chuyn mn.

Bc 4

C th hiu ni dung chnh cc cuc i thoi, c thoi v cc vn quen thuc trong i sng, vn ho, x hi...

C th tham gia i thoi v trnh by kin, quan im v cc ch quen thuc.

c hiu cc thng tin cn thit v thu tm c chnh cc vn bn lin quan n chuyn mn v ngh nghip.

C th ghi nhng chnh v nhng iu nghe hoc c c

C th vit th giao dch thng thng.

Bc 3

Nghe hiu chnh cc thng tin n gin trong i sng x hi thng thng.

C th by t kin mt cch n gin v cc vn vn ho, x hi quen thuc.

c hiu ni dung chnh cc ti liu ph thng lin quan n cc vn vn ho, x hi quen thuc.

C th vit cc on vn ngn, n gin v cc ch quen thuc ph hp vi s hiu bit ca ngi hc.

Bc 2

C th hiu nhng thng tin n gin lin quan n cc ch im quen thuc.

C th by t kin, yu cu n gin trong hon cnh gn gi vi bn thn.

C th hiu ni dung chnh nhng bi c ngn, n gin, quen thuc.

C th in vo cc biu mu, phiu, bu thip v vit th n gin lin quan n bn thn, gia nh, nh trng...

Bc 1

C th hiu nhng ch dn n gin lin quan n cc ch im quen thuc.

C th hi p v cc ch im quen thuc nh bn thn, gia nh, nh trng.

C th hiu nhng ch dn, thng bo n gin lin quan n cc ch im gn gi, quen thuc.

C th in vo cc phiu, biu mu n gin lin quan n bn thn (tn, tui, a ch, ngy, gi)

Khung trnh nng lc ngoi ng ch r trnh ca nhng nng lc c th cn t c tng ng v bao gm nng lc nghe, ni, c v vit. Cc trnh c m t bng li n gin v d hiu.

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Trong n ny xut ly v d Khung trnh nng lc chung v ngoi ng 6 do Hip hi cc nh kho th ngoi ng Chu u (Association of Language Testers in Europe - ALTE) xy dng (s c gi tt l Khung nng lc ngoi ng - KNLNN). KNLNN bao gm 6 bc, trong Bc 1 l thp nht v Bc 6 l cao nht, c ni dung c th cho c 4 k nng nghe, ni, c, vit (Xem Bng 4). Hnh 1: Khung nng lc ngoi ng trong s tng thch vi mt s chun trnh quc t7

Bc 6 9

CPE

Bc 5 8

CAE BEC 3

7

600 +

600

FCE

6 Bc 4

500

5 PET

Bc 3 4

400

3 Bc 2

300

2

Bc 1 1

200

100

KET

BEC 2

BEC 1

KNLNN IELTS TOEFL Cambridge Main Suite Examina-

tions

Business English Certificates

Examina-tions

6 Khung nng lc chung ca Hip hi cc nh kho th ngoi ng Chu u (ALTE) c xy dng trong

khun kh chng trnh c tm dch y l Khung trnh v nng lc lm c (Framework & Can-Do). Khung nng lc chung ny c tha nhn v dng chung cho 13 th ting ph bin nht Chu u l: Catalan, Php, B o nha, an mch, c, Ty ban nha, H lan, Hy lp, Thu in, Anh, Italia, Phn lan v Na-uy. Khung nng lc c gii thiu y mang tnh nh hng tham kho v cn c s nghin cu nhanh c th ho v a vo s dng.

7 Vic so snh s tng thch vi mt s chun trnh quc t v ting Anh y ch mang tnh cht v d. Thc ra Khung nng lc ngoi ng ALTE c s so snh tng thch vi trnh ngoi ng thng dng ca cc th ting sau: Catal, Dansk, Deutsch, English, Espaol, Euscara, Franais, E, Italiano, Ltzebuergesch, Nederlands, Norsk, Portuguese, Suomi, Svenska. Ta c th xy dng cc so snh tng thch tng t i vi cc ngoi ng khc nh ting ting Nga, ting Trung Quc v cc th ting khc.

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Ghi ch:

KNLNN: Khung nng lc ngoi ng

IELTS: H thng kho th Anh ng quc t

TOEFL: Kho th Anh ng nh mt ngoi ng

Cambridge Main Suite Examinations: Trnh Anh ng ca i hc Cambridge

Business English Certificates Examinations: Chng ch Anh ng thng mi

KNLNN ny c s tng thch vi cc bc trnh v nng lc ngoi ng thng dng khc trn quc t (Xem Hnh 1). 2. Ngoi ng c dy v hc trong h thng gio dc Vit Nam l ting Anh v mt s ngn ng khc.

3. Dy v hc ngoi ng i vi cp hc Ph thng a. i vi cp hc Ph thng s thc hin dy v hc ngoi ng theo Chng trnh 10 nm, bt u t lp t lp 38 cho n n ht lp 12. Ngoi ng c chn dy vi thi lng 1.155 tit c gi l Ngoi ng 1 (NN1). Thi lng ny c phn b cho cc cp nh sau:

- Tiu hc ( lp 3, 4, 5) : 4 tit /tun. Tng s tit ca 3 nm hc l 420 tit.

- THCS (lp 6, 7, 8, 9) :3 tit /tun. Tng s tit ca ton cp THCS l 420 tit.

- THPT (lp 10, 11, 12) :3 tit /tun. Tng s tit ca ton cp THPT l 315 tit.

b. Sau khi hc xong NN1 hc sinh ph thng s t c cc bc trnh nh sau:

- Sau khi tt nghip tiu hc, trnh ngoi ng ca hc sinh t Bc 1 ca KNLNN;

- Sau khi tt nghip THCS, trnh ngoi ng ca hc sinh t Bc 2 ca KNLNN;

8 C mt s kin cho rng nn tin hnh dy v hc ngoi ng t lp 1, thm ch t mm non. L do chnh

ca nhng lp lun ny l da vo cc nghin cu chng minh rng cc em hc sinh nh tui c th hc ngoi ng rt tt. C iu cha c nghin cu no chng minh rng cc em hc sinh la tui mm non hay lp 1-2 hc ngoi ng c hiu qu hn cc em la tui ln hn, l cha k n mt s hn ch ca la tui ny trong vic hc ngoi ng. Hn na, vic cc em c th hc ngoi ng la tui mm non hay lp 1-2 hon ton khc vi vic c nn dy v hc ngoi ng t mm non hay lp 1-2 hay khng. Cu tr li c hay khng cn ph thuc vo vic cn nhc rt nhiu iu kin khc nh ti chnh, i ng gio vin v.v...

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- Sau khi tt nghip THPT, trnh ngoi ng ca hc sinh t Bc 3 ca KNLNN 9.

c. Ngoi NN1, hc sinh c t chn hc thm mt Ngoi ng 2 (NN2). Vic dy v hc NN2 c tin hnh t lp 6 cho n lp 12, vi tng thi lng l 735 tit. C th l :

- THCS (lp 6, 7, 8, 9): 3 tit/tun. Tng s tit ca ton cp THCS l 420 tit.

- THPT (lp 10, 11, 12): 3 tit/tun. Tng s tit ca ton cp THPT l 315 tit. Sau khi hc xong NN2 hc sinh s c nng lc NN gn tng ng

vi Bc 2 ca KNLNN. 4. Dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi trng dy ngh v trung cp

chuyn nghip (TCCN) a. Trnh ngoi ng chung ca hc sinh sau khi tt nghip trng

ngh10 t c Bc 2. Cc trng cn tin hnh dy v hc ngoi ng theo nhiu chng trnh vi thi lng khc nhau nhm p ng trnh u vo khc nhau. Cc trng cn tin hnh kim tra trc nghim v nng lc ngoi ng ca hc sinh nhp hc sp xp theo hc cc chng trnh ngoi ng ph hp. Tu theo iu kin c th ca mnh, cc trng ngh c th xy dng v tin hnh chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng i vi cc hc sinh nhp hc c trnh u vo l Bc 2 t c bc cao hn na v nng lc ngoi ng.

b. Trnh ngoi ng chung ca hc sinh sau khi tt nghip trng TCCN t c Bc 3. Cc trng cn tin hnh dy v hc ngoi ng theo nhiu chng trnh vi thi lng khc nhau nhm p ng trnh

9 i vi Chng trnh 10 nm, nhn vo KNLNN ta thy Bc 2 l thp hc sinh tt nghip THPT c th nng lc giao tip mt cch c lp v t tin trong x hi, trong khi Bc 4 i hi thi gian o to kh di v tng ng vi yu cu tuyn dng vo lm vic ti cc c quan nc ngoi. Bc 3 r rng l ph hp hn c trong vic m bo trang b ngoi ng cho ngi hc trnh hp l h c th s dng ngoi ng mt cch thun thc giao tip, tip tc hc tp v lm vic trnh ph hp m khng cn mt s o to thm di hn no na.

10 Trng dy ngh y c hiu nh khi nim "trng dy ngh" trong Lut gio dc 1998. Mc d trong Lut gio dc 2005 xc nh rng cc c s dy ngh bao gm: lp dy ngh, trung tm dy ngh, trng trung cp ngh v trng cao ng ngh, song thc ra hin nay cc c s dy ngh ny mi bt u hnh thnh v chc cn thi gian nht nh nh hnh nh mt h thng. Do vy cc ni dung v i mi dy v hc ngoi ng trong n ny c thit k cho h thng cc trng ngh hin ang vn hnh theo nh ngha ca Lut gio dc 1998. n khi h thng cc c s dy ngh theo Lut 2005 hnh thnh (thc ra cc lp dy ngh, trung tm dy ngh s vn cn li nh trc y, cc trng dy ngh s khng cn, cc trng trung cp ngh v cao ng ngh s xut hin), cc ni dung v i mi dy v hc ngoi ng nu trong n s c vn dng nh sau: Khng tin hnh dy v hc ngoi ng cc lp v trung tm dy ngh; Cc trng trung cp ngh s tin hnh dy v hc ngoi ng nh i vi cc trng trung cp chuyn nghip; Cc trng cao ng ngh s tin hnh dy v hc ngoi ng nh cc trng cao ng.

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u vo khc nhau. Cc trng cn tin hnh kim tra trc nghim v nng lc ngoi ng ca hc sinh nhp hc sp xp theo hc cc chng trnh ngoi ng ph hp. Tu theo iu kin c th ca mnh, cc trng TCCN c th xy dng v tin hnh chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng i vi cc hc sinh nhp hc c trnh u vo l Bc 3 t c bc cao hn na v nng lc ngoi ng.

5. Dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi trng cao ng v i hc a. i vi cc trng cao ng v i hc khng chuyn ng

Trnh ngoi ng chung ca sinh vin sau khi tt nghip cao ng v i hc khng chuyn ng t c Bc 3. Cc trng cn tin hnh dy v hc ngoi ng theo nhiu chng trnh vi thi lng khc nhau nhm p ng trnh u vo khc nhau. Cc trng cn tin hnh kim tra trc nghim v nng lc ngoi ng ca sinh vin nhp hc sp xp theo hc cc chng trnh ngoi ng ph hp. Tu theo iu kin c th ca mnh, cc trng C v H khng chuyn ng c th xy dng v tin hnh chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng i vi cc hc sinh nhp hc c trnh u vo l Bc 3 t c bc cao hn na v nng lc ngoi ng.

b. i vi cc trng cao ng v i hc chuyn ngoi ng Sinh vin tt nghip cao ng chuyn ng hoc khoa ngoi ng ca cao

ng s phm t Bc 4,5. Sinh vin tt nghip i hc chuyn ng hoc khoa ngoi ng ca i hc s phm t Bc 5. Cc trng c th p dng chng trnh dnh cho u vo l hc sinh hc theo h 7 nm hoc hc NN theo Chng trnh 10 nm. Di y l d kin thi lng dnh cho cc chng trnh khc nhau (Xem Bng 5).

Ngoi ng c dy theo thi lng nu trong Bng 5 trong mt trng c gi l Ngoi ng 1 bc cao ng/i hc (NN1 C/H). S lng NN 1 C/H do cc trng la chn v quyt nh tu theo nhu cu v iu kin c th. Ngoi NN1 C/H, cc trng chuyn cn t chc dy v hc Ngoi ng 2 bc cao ng/i hc (NN2 C/H) cho sinh vin. Thi lng dnh cho dy v hc NN2 C/H khng vt qu mt na lng thi gian dnh cho NN1 C/H. S lng NN2 C/H do cc trng la chn v quyt nh tu theo nhu cu v iu kin c th. Mi sinh vin c quyn chn v hc mt NN2 C/H trong khun kh cc NN2 C/H do nh trng quy nh.

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Bng 5: Thi lng v trnh nng lc NN tng ng dnh cho hc ngoi ng ca cc loi trng cao ng/i hc chuyn ngoi ng v s phm ngoi ng11

Trnh ngoi ng u vo ca SV Trnh cao ng

hay i hc

Loi chng trnh dy v hc NN NN 1 hay

NN 2

Thi lng

(VHT)

Trnh nng lc NN t c

theo Chng trnh h 7 nm - 60 vht

hc nh NN 2 70 vht Cao ng chuyn ng theo Chng trnh h 10 nm hc nh NN 1 40 vht

Bc 4,5

theo Chng trnh h 7 nm - 80 vht

hc nh NN 2 90 vht i hc chuyn ng theo Chng trnh h 10 nm hc nh NN 1 60 vht

Bc 5

6. Vic dy v hc ngoi ng i vi gio dc thng xuyn

a. Mc tiu o to ngoi ng ca cc c s GDTX l p ng nhu cu hc tp ngoi ng phong ph, a dng ca i ng cn b, cng chc, ngi lao ng v nhn dn mi la tui, mi trnh , mi ni vi nhiu hnh thc khc nhau m gio dc chnh quy khng th p ng c.

b. Trnh nng lc ngoi ng ca hc sinh/sinh vin ca cc c s gio dc thng xuyn tng ng vi trnh ca hc sinh cc cp, bc hc chnh quy tng ng12. S lin thng v ni tip cc bc trnh ngoi ng cc cp hc v

trnh o to c th hin Hnh 2 nh sau:

11 Trong B chng trnh khung gio dc i hc khi ngnh ngoi ng 2004 c quy nh Kin thc

ngnh ngn ng gm: Khi kin thc ngn ng, Khi kin thc vn ha vn hc, Khi kin thc ting. n ny ch cp n thi lng cng nh bc trnh cn t c cho Khi kin thc ting m thi.

12 n ny c thit k nhm m bo s lin thng khng ch gia cc cp hc tiu hc, trung hc c s, trung hc ph thng, dy ngh, TCCN, C v H m cn gia gio dc chnh quy v gio dc thng xuyn. Do vy gio dc thng xuynv gio dc chnh quy s cng chung mt h thng nng lc ngoi ng: KNLNN. S khng cn cc trnh ngoi ng A, B, C dnh ring cho gio dc thng xuyn na.

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Hnh 2: Lin thng v trnh ngoi ng theo loi hnh, cp hc v bc trnh o to trong h thng gio dc quc dn Vit nam

6 5

4 3 2 1

Ti

u h

c

Tru

ng hc

c

s

Tru

ng hc

ph

th

ng

C

kh

ng c

huy

n

i

hc

kh

ng

chuy

n

C

chu

yn

ng

/s p

hm

NN

i

hc

chu

yn

ng

/SP

NN

Dy

ngh

TC

CN

KN

LNN

III. Mc tiu 1. Mc tiu chung Thc hin i mi ton din vic dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn nhm m bo n nm 2015 nng cao r rt trnh ngoi ng ca mt s i tng u tin, ng thi trin khai chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng mi i vi cc cp hc v trnh o to, to iu kin n nm 2020 tng ng k t l thanh thiu nin Vit Nam c nng lc s dng ngoi ng mt cch c lp v t tin trong giao tip, hc tp v lm vic trong mi trng a ngn ng, a vn ho, bin ngoi ng tr thnh th mnh ca ngi dn Vit Nam. 2. Mc tiu c th 2.1. i vi gio dc ph thng

Trin khai Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm i vi 20% hc sinh lp 3 vo nm hc 2010-2011, 20% hc sinh lp 6 vo nm hc 2013-2014 v 20% hc sinh lp 10 vo nm hc 2017-2018, 70% hc sinh lp 3, 40% hc sinh lp 6 vo nm hc 2015-2016, 100% hc sinh lp 3 vo nm 2018-2019, 90% hc sinh lp 6 v 50% hc sinh lp 10 vo nm hc 2020-2021. 2.2. i vi gio dc ngh nghip

Trin khai dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi 10% s hc sinh dy ngh/trung cp chuyn nghip vo nm hc 2010-2011, 60% s hc sinh dy

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ngh/trung cp chuyn nghip vo nm hc 2015-2016 v 100% s hc sinh dy ngh/trung cp chuyn nghip vo nm hc 2019-2020.

2.3. i vi gio dc i hc a. i vi cc trng khng chuyn ng

Thc hin dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi 10% s sinh vin cao ng/i hc vo nm hc 2010-2011, 60% s sinh vin cao ng/i hc vo nm hc 2015-2016 v 100% s sinh vin cao ng/i hc vo nm hc 2019-2020.

b. i vi cc trng chuyn ng Thc hin dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi 10% s sinh vin cao

ng/i hc vo nm hc 2010-2011, 60% s sinh vin cao ng/i hc vo nm hc 2015-2016 v 100% s sinh vin cao ng/i hc vo nm hc 2019-2020. 2.4. i vi gio dc thng xuyn

- T nm hc 2010-2011 thc hin dy v hc ngoi ng ph hp vi cc i mi ca gio dc chnh quy, gp phn thc hin xa m ngoi ng cho i ng cn b cng chc, lc lng lao ng trong nc v lc lng lao ng xut khu, ng thi p ng cc nhu cu a dng trong hc tp ngoi ng ca nhn dn m cc hnh thc gio dc chnh quy khng th p ng c.

- m bo vo nm 2015 c 5% s cn b, cng chc, vin chc trong cc c quan nh nc t trnh ngoi ng Bc 3 v vo nm 2020 t l ny s l 30%.

IV. Cc nhm gii php 1. i mi mc tiu, ni dung, phng php, t chc dy v hc ngoi ng - Xy dng Bng trnh nng lc ngoi ng chi tit, gm 6 bc, tng

thch vi cc bc trnh ngoi ng quc t thng dng. - Xy dng chng trnh v bin son cc sch gio khoa tng ng i vi

Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm bt u t lp 3 cho n ht lp 12 c thi lng l 1.155 tit i vi NN1 v bt u t lp 6 cho n ht lp 12 c thi lng l 735 tit i vi NN2.

- Khuyn khch cc trng hc v c s gio dc c nhu cu v iu kin xy dng cc chng trnh dy v hc ngoa ng vi thi lng nhiu hn v vi trnh nng lc ngoi ng cao hn so vi Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm cc cp hc.

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- Xy dng cc chng trnh ngoi ng tng cng v bin son cc gio trnh tng ng cho trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc.

- Xy dng v trin khai cc chng trnh dy v hc bng ngoa ng cho mt s mn nh: Ton v mt s mn ph hp cc trng trung hc ph thng. Xy dng v trin khai chng trnh dy bng ngoi ng mt s mn c bn, c s, chuyn ngnh v t chn mt s ngnh trng im trong chng trnh i hc nm cui bc i hc.

- Xy dng chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng cho gio dc thng xuyn. - Xy dng ngn hng cu hi, nh gi trnh s dng ngoi ng. ng dng rng ri cng ngh thng tin vo qu trnh dy v hc, kim tra v nh gi. - i mi chng trnh o to gio vin ngoi ng trong cc trng, cc

khoa s phm ph hp vi mc tiu, yu cu ca xut i mi.

2. m bo i ng gio vin/ging vin ngoi ng v s lng, c trnh cao, hp l v c cu v a dng v ngun tuyn dng - To c ch chnh sch cc trng, trc ht l cc trng ph thng

(tp trung ch yu cp tiu hc v trung hc c s) c b sung s gio vin ngoi ng ph hp vi l trnh trin khai n. C th l:

+ i vi tiu hc: m bo c 1.700 gio vin ngoi ng cho nm hc 2010-2011, sau hng nm b sung thm bnh qun khong hn 2.600 gio vin cho n 2020. + i vi trung hc c s: m bo c thm 1.200 gio vin ngoi ng cho nm hc 2013-2014, sau hng nm b sung thm bnh qun khong 2.000 gio vin cho n 2020. + i vi trung hc ph thng: m bo c thm 1.040 gio vin ngoi ng cho nm hc 2015-2016, sau hng nm cn b sung thm khong 1.400 gio vin cho n 2005-2006.

- Tuyn dng, o to v bi dng s gio vin ngoi ng ph hp vi l trnh trin khai n i vi cc trnh o to. Gim t l hc sinh, sinh vin/gio vin ngoi ng v s lng hc sinh, sinh vin/lp hc ngoi ng. C th l:

+ i vi dy ngh: m bo c thm 125 gio vin ngoi ng cho nm hc 2010-2011, sau hng nm b sung thm bnh qun khong 140 gio vin cho n 2020.

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+ i vi trung cp chuyn nghip: m bo c thm 220 gio vin ngoi ng cho nm hc 2010-2011, sau hng nm b sung thm khong 300-700 gio vin cho n 2020. + i vi cao ng v i hc: m bo c thm 612 ging vin ngoi ng cho nm hc 2010-2011, sau hng nm b sung thm khong 700-1.500 ging vin cho n 2020.

- R sot v tin hnh o to, bi dng thng xuyn nhm nng cao trnh gio vin ngoi ng hin c, ch trng vo nng cao nng lc ngoi ng theo nh hng sau:

+ Gio vin dy ngoi ng cp tiu hc c nng lc ngoi ng Bc 3. + Gio vin dy ngoi ng cp THCS v tng ng c nng lc ngoi ng Bc 4. + Gio vin/ging vin dy ngoi ng cp THPT, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc hoc tng ng c nng lc ngoi ng Bc 5.

ng thi ch trng vic bi dng v cc phng php ging dy ngoi ng hin i cng nh cc k nng ph tr khc nh: k nng s dng thit b a phng tin, kh nng khai thc Internet v cc phn mm chuyn dng... Khuyn khch bi dng gio vin t chng ch quc t thng qua cc kho tp hun quc t trong nc v nuc ngoi.

- Tin hnh cc kho bi dng s phm v cp chng ch s phm ngoi ng 6 thng cho nhng ngi c trnh ngoi ng ph hp mun tr thnh gio vin/ging vin ngoi ng.

- Tng cng nng lc v nng cao cht lng o to ngoi ng ca cc khoa, trng cao ng, i hc ngoi ng hin c, ng thi thnh lp thm cc khoa ngoi ng mt s trng cao ng, i hc khi c iu kin. c bit ch trng m rng v tng cng mng li o to gio vin ngoi ng cao ng v i hc cc khu vc Ty Bc, ng Bc, Ty Nguyn, ng bng Sng Cu Long.

- Tng ng k ch tiu tuyn sinh ngoi ng cho cc trng cao ng v i hc, ng thi ci tin cng tc xy dng v giao ch tiu tuyn sinh.

- Khuyn khch mnh m cc trng mi hoc tuyn dng cc cng dn Vit Nam c trnh ngoi ng gii tham gia ging dy ngoi ng trong nh trng. Khuyn khch v to c ch cho cc trng, c bit l cc trng ph thng chuyn ng, trng ph thng c chng trnh ngoi ng tng cng, song ng, cc trng i hc mi hoc tuyn dng cc gio vin l ngi Vit Nam ang sng nc ngoi hoc ngi nc

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ngoi bn ng. Khuyn khch s dng cc gio vin ngoi ng do cc t chc tnh nguyn ca cc nc ni ting Anh, Php, Nga, Trung Quc.

3. Nng cao nhn thc, ban hnh cc chnh sch ch ph hp i vi dy v hc ngoi ng - Tin hnh cc hot ng tuyn truyn gii thch nng cao nhn thc, thay i t duy v dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn. - Ban hnh cc quy nh v ch tiu, ch i vi gio vin ngoi ng, cc cn b phc v vic dy v hc ngoi ng. Ban hnh chnh sch u t, xy dng c s vt cht v dy v hc ngoi ng theo hng Nh nc v nhn dn cng lm. - Quy nh v phn cp qun l vic dy v hc, kim tra, nh gi v cp vn bng, chng ch cng nhn trnh ngoi ng. Quy nh ngoi ng phi t bc trnh nng lc theo yu cu mi c xt tt nghip cc cp hc. Khuyn khch sinh vin cao ng i hc, hc vin cao hc v nghin cu sinh lm lun vn tt nghip bng ting nc ngoi.

- Ban hnh chnh sch, quy ch qun l dy v hc ngoi ng trong gio dc thng xuyn. c bit ch n vic tng cng qun l ng thi khuyn khch pht trin cc loi hnh trung tm ngoi ng do nc ngoi u t. Ban hnh chnh sch thu ht s ng gp ca cc lc lng x hi v ngi Vit Nam nc ngoi cho vic pht trin dy hc ngoi ng Vit Nam. - Khuyn khch vic hnh thnh cc trung tm, hip hi, t chc gio dc cp cc chng ch ngoi ng c cht lng v uy tn. 4. Tng cng trang b c s vt cht v thit b thit yu cho vic dy v hc ngoi ng - Xy dng danh mc thit b dy v hc ngoi ng cho tng cp hc v

trnh o to. Ban hnh tiu chun phng hc ting nc ngoi, phng nghe nhn v phng a phng tin.

- Tng bc tin hnh mua sm v trang b cc trang thit b dy v hc ngoi ng ph hp vi l trnh trin khai n. m bo n nm 2015 100% cc trng u c Phng hc tin nc ngoi, 25% trng THCS v 100% trng THPT, DN,TCCN, C v H c Phng nghe nhn.

- o to, bi dng gio vin v k thut vin nhm s dng c hiu qu cc thit b dy v hc ngoi ng, khai thc ng mc ch cc ngun thng tin, t liu nc ngoi, c bit l Internet, phc v cho vic dy v hc ngoi ng.

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5. Tng cng hp tc quc t trong lnh vc dy v hc ngoi ng - Nh nc dnh u tin mt phn ngun vn vin tr pht trin chnh thc

cho gio dc v o to tng cng vic dy v hc ngoi ng cho mt s trng ph thng, trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, trng cao ng, i hc, c bit l cc trng cao ng, i hc chuyn ngoi ng.

- Tng cng v m rng cc hnh thc hp tc quc t a dng v dy v hc ngoi ng cp trng, c th l:

+ Khuyn khch cc chng trnh hp tc gia nh trng vi cc t chc khc nhau ca quc gia c bn ng hoc ngn ng quc gia ph hp vi ngoi ng ang c dy v hc trng .

+ To iu kin n nm 2015 m bo mt b phn gio vin ngoi ng ca cc trng ph thng, dy ngh v trung cp chuyn nghip c i tham quan hc tp, bi dng chuyn mn cc nc c bn ng hoc ngn ng quc gia ph hp vi ngoi ng ang c dy v hc trng .

+ To iu kin n 2015 m bo 100% ging vin ngoi ng cc trng cao ng, i hc c i tham quan hc tp, bi dng chuyn mn cc nc c bn ng hoc ngn ng quc gia ph hp vi ngoi ng ang c dy v hc trng .

+ Khuyn khch cc chng trnh trao i gio vin, to iu kin cho gio vin bn ng tham gia vo qu trnh dy hc ngoi ng trong cc trng cao ng v i hc.

- C chnh sch quc gia r rng v mnh dn v vic c ging vin v sinh vin ti cc nc c bn ng hoc ngn ng quc gia ph hp vi ngoi ng ang c dy v hc ging dy, hc tp di mi hnh thc. ng thi c chnh sch v ch thch ng thu ht ngi Vit Nam nc ngoi v chuyn gia nc ngoi c trnh , c bit l cc i tng do cc t chc tnh nguyn quc t cung cp. Tp trung u tin cho cc trng trin khai cc chng trnh o to c la chn ca nc ngoi v bng ting nc ngoi trong mt s lnh vc t nhin v cng ngh.

6. To mi trng thun li h tr vic s dng ngoi ng, nng cao mnh m ng c hc ngoi ng ca th h tr - Xy dng v duy tr mi trng t hc, t nng cao trnh ngoi ng

nh h thng th vin, mng internet v.v...

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- Ngoi ng l ni dung thi bt buc i vi vic tuyn dng v b nhim cng chc v vin chc Nh nc, cn c yu cu cao hn v c th hn v tiu chun ngoi ng.

- Xy dng mi trng lm vic trong cc cng s, c quan tin ti khng cn phin dch, khng cn ti liu dch.

- R sot v thng xuyn tin hnh bi dng ngoi ng cho i ng cng chc, vin chc tr tui theo nhng quy nh bt buc.

- Xy dng mi trng vn ho, thng tin, gii tr theo hng h tr s dng thng xuyn v hiu qu ngoi ng. C th l: + Xy dng v duy tr chng trnh truyn hnh dnh ring cho dy v hc ngoi ng.

+ Xy dng v duy tr chng trnh pht thanh dnh ring cho dy v hc ngoi ng. + Khuyn khch pht hnh cc loi bo, tp ch bng ngoi ng. + Ch trng u tin cc hot ng m nhc, vn chng, ngh thut, thng tin c yu t ngoi ng. + Pht trin cc cu lc b gio vin ngoi ng.

C. K HOCH THC HIN

Vic thc hin n dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn Vit Nam giai on 2008 2020 c chia lm ba giai on nh sau:

Giai on 2008-2010: Trng tm ca giai on ny l hon thnh cc iu kin m bo cho vic trin khai cc gii php i tr gio dc ph thng v tin hnh cc th im.

- Xy dng, chi tit ha cc chng trnh c th. - B tr kinh ph cho giai on 2008-2010. - Hon thnh vic xy dng chng trnh v bin son sch gio khoa

ph thng theo Chng trnh 10 nm v chng trnh, gio trnh, ti liu dy hc cho cc trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc v gio dc thng xuyn. ng thi trin khai vic la chn, s dng mt s chng trnh, sch gio khoa, ti liu dy hc ngoi ng ca nuc ngoi ph hp vi mc tiu, yu cu dy hc ngoi ng Vit Nam.

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- Hon thnh vic xy dng chng trnh v ti liu dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng, chuyn ng v song ng mt s mn hc ca gio dc ph thng, mt s mn hc, ngnh hc ca cao ng, i hc.

- Hon thnh vic la chn, tuyn dng, o to, bi dng i ng gio vin ngoi ng tiu hc nm hc 2010 2011 v gio vin ngoi ng trung hc c s nm hc 2012 - 2013.

- Hon thnh vic la chn, tuyn dng, o to, bi dng i ng ging vin ngoi ng cho cc trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc cho nm hc 2009 2010.

- Trin khai vic cung cp trang thit b dy hc, xy dng phng hc ting nc ngoi, phng nghe nhn v phng a phng tin cho mt s trng hc cc cp hc v trnh o to cho nm 2009-2010.

- Hon thnh vic xy dng v ban hnh chnh sch khuyn khch, thu ht cc cng dn Vit Nam gii ngoi ng v cc gio vin l ngi Vit Nam nc ngoi, cc gio vin bn ng, cc gio vin ngoi ng do cc t chc tnh nguyn ca cc nc nh Anh, M, txtrylia v.v... cung cp tham gia dy hc ngoi ng trong cc trng hc cc cp.

- Trong nm 2008, cc tnh/thnh ph hon thnh vic ng k thi im trin khai Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm ca a phng trong giai on t 2010 cho n 2020. c bit khuyn khch cc trng thuc cc thnh ph ln, th, th x, th trn v cc trng tiu hc thc hin dy theo ch 2 bui/ngy tham gia Chng trnh ngay t giai on ban u.

- Trong nm 2008, cc trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc khng chuyn ng v chuyn ng hon thnh vic ng k thi im trin khai vic dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng ca trng trong giai on t 2009 cho n 2020.

- Hon thnh vic xy dng v ban hnh chnh sch xy dng mi trng lm vic, vn ho, thng tin theo hng h tr s dng thng xuyn v hiu qu ngoi ng, nng cao ng lc hc ngoi ng trong th h tr.

- Trong nm 2009-2010 trin khai o to theo cc chng trnh ging dy bng ting Anh tin tin bc i hc.

- T 2009 tin hnh th im Chng trnh 10 nm cho ph thng v chng trnh ngoi ng tng cng cho cc bc trnh o to.

Giai on 2011-2015: Trng tm ca giai on ny l trin khai Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm quy m c nc v trin khai chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi cc bc trnh o to.

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- Tip tc tuyn dng, o to, bi dng, nng cao trnh v nng lc ngoi ng ca gio vin ngoi ng cc cp hc, trnh o to.

- Tip tc xy dng cc phng dy v hc ngoi ng, phng nghe nhn v phng hc a phng tin cho cc trng hc cc cp.

- Trin khai Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm theo cc mc tiu ra cho cc cp hc ph thng, bt u t nm hc 2010-2011.

- Trin khai dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng cho cc bc trnh o to, u tin cho cc ngnh cng ngh thng tin, ti chnh ngn hng, du lch v qun tr kinh doanh v theo cc mc tiu ra cho cc mc nm hc 2010-2011, 2015-2016 v 2020 - 2021.

- Trin khai dy mn Ton bng ngoi ng 30% cc trung hc ph thng cc thnh ph, th ln: H Ni, Thnh ph HCM, Hi Phng, Hu, Nng v mt s a bn trng im. Mi nm sau tng 15-20% s trng v m rng ra 5 tnh, thnh ph khc v mt s mn hc khc.

- Trin khai chng trnh dy bng ngoi ng mt s mn c bn, chuyn ngnh v chuyn su mt s ngnh trng im nm cui bc i hc. Bt u vi khong 20% sinh vin ca cc trng i hc quc gia, i hc vng v mt s trng i hc trng im khc. T l ny tng dn hng nm v m rng dn i vi s trng v a phng.

- Trin khai tip mt s chng trnh ging dy bng ting Anh tin tin bc i hc.

Giai on 2016-2020: Trng tm ca giai on ny l trin khai Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm trn quy m c nc v trin khai chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi tt c cc trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc. - Tip tc tuyn dng, o to, bi dng, nng cao trnh v nng lc

ngoi ng ca gio vin ngoi ng cc cp hc, trnh o to.

- Tip tc xy dng cc phng dy v hc ngoi ng, phng nghe nhn v phng hc a phng tin cho cc trng hc cc cp.

- Trin khai Chng trnh 10 nm i vi 100% hc sinh lp 3 trong c nc.

- Trin khai chng trnh dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng i vi tt c cc trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc trong c nc.

41

Hnh 3: Lch trnh v cc giai on thc hin n

Nm '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20 '21 '22 '23 '24 '25 26 27

Bin son CT NN 10 nm Bin son SGK

Trin khai th im 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Trin khai i tr 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Trin khai i tr 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Th im Dy ngh 1 2 Th im THCN 1 2 3 Th im C/H 1 2 3 4 Trin khai i tr Dy nh 1 2 Trin khai i tr THCN 1 2 3 Trin khai i tr C/H 1 2 3 4 Trin khai i tr Dy nh 1 2 Trin khai i tr THCN 1 2 3 Trin khai i tr C/H 1 2 3 4 Trin khai i tr Dy nh 1 2 Trin khai i tr THCN 1 2 3 Trin khai i tr C/H 1 2 3 4

Trin khai CT 10 nm i vi 20% s hc sinh 3


Trin khai th im chong trnh 10 nm



Trin khai th im chong trnh tng cng cho dy ngh, TCCN, C,

Trin khai chong trnh tng cng cho 10% HS/SV dy ngh, TCCN,




42

D. B MY CH O V PHN CNG TRCH NHIM I. Thnh lp Ban iu hnh n 1. Do ni dung phc tp nn vic trin khai n cn c thc hin theo

hnh thc Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia ca Chnh ph v Dy hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn giai on 2008 - 2020.

2. Thnh lp Ban Ch o n Dy v hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn giai on 2008 2020 trin khai Chng trnh mc tiu nu trn gm i din ca cc B, ngnh c lin quan do mt Lnh o B Gio dc v o to lm Trng ban. Ban Ch o c nhim v: - Phi hp vi cc B, ngnh trung ng, chnh quyn a phng t

chc thc hin cc ni dung nu trong n. - iu phi cc ngun lc thc hin n. - Kim tra, n c tin thc hin v nh gi kt qu thc hin

n.

II. Trch nhim ca cc B, ngnh, c quan a) B Gio dc v o to l c quan ch tr n c trch nhim:

- Ch tr, phi hp vi cc B, c quan c lin quan, cc a phng c th ha ni dung n thnh cc chng trnh, k hoch thc hin chi tit ch o, hng dn t chc thc hin; kim tra, gim st, nh gi, tng hp kt qu trin khai thc hin n trong phm vi c nc theo hng nm v tng giai on, nh k bo co Th tng Chnh ph;

- Ch tr, phi hp vi cc B, c quan c lin quan thnh lp Ban Ch o lin ngnh ch o trin khai thc hin n gm i din lnh o cc B, c quan c lin quan, do B trng B Gio dc v o to lm Trng ban;

- Phi hp vi B Ni v sa i, b sung, hon thin cc quy nh v nh mc bin ch gio vin, ging vin ngoi ng; cc c ch, chnh sch tuyn dng, s dng, qun l vic dy hc ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn;

- Ch tr, phi hp vi B Ni v hng dn trin khai cng tc bi dng ngoi ng, thng xuyn cho i ng cn b, cng chc, vin chc.

b) B Lao ng Thng binh v X hi c trch nhim:

43

Ch tr, phi hp vi B Gio dc v o to v cc c quan c lin quan ch o, hng dn, t chc thc hin n trong lnh vc dy ngh, ph hp vi l trnh, k hoch trin khai chung do B Gio dc v o to ch tr hng dn.

c) B k hoch v u t c trch nhim:

- Ch tr, phi hp vi B Gio dc v o to tng hp cc k hoch trin khai hot ng v u t thc hin n theo hng nm v tng giai on a vo k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi chung ca c nc, trnh Th tng Chnh ph theo quy nh;

- Phi hp vi B Ti chnh, B Gio dc v o to, B Lao ng Thng binh v X hi tng hp, xy dng cc k hoch u t ngn sch nh nc thc hin n.

d) B Ti chnh c trch nhim:

Ch tr, phi hp vi B Gio dc v o to v cc B, c quan lin quan phn b, hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic chi kinh ph thc hin n theo cc quy nh hin hnh ca Lut Ngn sch nh nc.

) B Ni v c trch nhim:

Ch tr, phi hp vi B Gio dc v o to nghin cu, hng dn, ban hnh hoc trnh cp c thm quyn ban hnh cc vn bn sa i, b sung cc quy nh v c ch, chnh sch tuyn dng, s dng nh mc bin ch gio vin, ging vin ngoi ng ph hp trong h thng gio dc quc dn;

e) B Thng tin v Truyn thng c trch nhim:

Ch tr, phi hp vi B Gio dc v o to ch o cc c quan thng tin truyn thng tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, nng cao nhn thc ton x hi v cc chng trnh i mi cng tc gio dc, o to ngoi ng trong h thng gio dc quc dn, p ng yu cu mi; to mi trng vn ha, iu kin thun li cho vic dy v hc ngoi ng.

g) y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng c trch nhim:

- Ch o ngnh gio dc v o to, cc c quan chc nng a phng xy dng v t chc thc hin chng trnh, k hoch trin khai n trn a bn; kim tra, gim st, nh gi, tng hp kt qu thc hin n ti a phng, nh k bo co Ban Ch o Trung ng v B Gio dc v o to;

44

- Phi hp vi B Gio dc v o to v cc B, c quan Trung ng ch o thng nht, ng b, ph hp vi yu cu, k hoch chung ton quc vic trin khai thc hin n ny trn a bn.

h) Cc c s gio dc c trch nhim:

- Qun trit v t chc thc hin nghim tc, hiu qu cc hot ng lin quan n cng tc o to ngoi ng trong c s mnh, p ng yu cu ch o, mc tiu, nhim v n t ra;

- Tch cc, ch ng trin khai cc nhim v trong thm quyn m n giao.

E. KINH PH D TON Kinh ph d ton thc hin n giai on 2008 - 2020 l: 9.738.000.000.000 ng (Chn ngn by trm ba mi tm t ng). Kinh ph ny c phn chia theo giai on v nhng ni dung chnh nh sau: I. Giai on 2008 2010:

TT Ni dung cng vic Thi gian thc hin

Kinh ph (Triu ng)

1.

Xy dng chng trnh v bin son sch gio khoa ph thng theo Chng trnh 10 nm v chng trnh, gio trnh, ti liu dy hc cho cc trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng, i hc v gio dc thng xuyn.

2008 2009

10.000

2. La chn, thm nh mt s chng trnh, sch gio khoa, ti liu dy hc ngoi ng ca nuc ngoi ph hp vi mc tiu, yu cu dy hc ngoi ng Vit Nam s dng.

2008-2010

2.000

3. Xy dng chng trnh v ti liu dy v hc ngoi ng tng cng, chuyn ng v song ng mt s mn hc ca gio dc ph thng, mt s mn hc, ngnh hc ca cao ng, i hc.

2008- 2009 3.000

4. o to b sung v bi dng i ng gio vin ngoi ng : - Tiu hc nm hc 2010 2011 - Trung hc c s nm hc 2013 - 2014

2008 2010 2009 2012

22.000

62.000

45

5. o to, bi dng i ng ging vin ngoi ng giai on 2007-2010 cho cc trng dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc.

2008 - 2010 55.000

6. Cung cp trang thit b dy hc, xy dng phng hc ting nc ngoi, phng nghe nhn v phng a phng tin cho mt s trng tiu hc, dy ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng v i hc

2008 - 2010 900.000

7. Xy dng v ban hnh chnh sch khuyn khch, thu ht cc cng dn Vit Nam gii ngoi ng v cc gio vin l ngi Vit Nam nc ngoi, cc gio vin bn ng, cc gio vin ngoi ng ca cc t chc tnh nguyn ca cc nc nh Anh, M, txtrylia v.v... tham gia dy hc ngoi ng trong cc trng hc cc cp.

2008 - 2010 5.000

8. Xy dng v ban hnh chnh sch xy dng mi trng lm vic, vn ho, thng tin theo hng h tr s dng thng xuyn v hiu qu ngoi ng, nng cao ng lc hc ngoi ng trong th h tr.

2008 - 2010 1.000

Cng 1.060.000

II. Giai on 2011 2015:


Kinh ph (Triu ng)

1. o to b sung v bi dng i ng gio vin ngoi ng trung hc ph thng nm hc 2016 - 2017

2011 - 2015

78.000

2. Tip tc tuyn dng, o to, bi dng, nng cao trnh v nng lc ngoi ng ca gio vin ngoi ng cc cp hc, trnh o to.

2011 - 2015

250.000

3. Tip tc xy dng cc phng dy v hc ngoi ng, phng nghe nhn v phng hc a phng tin cho cc trng hc cc cp.

2011 - 2015

4.000.000

4. Tip tc tuyn dng gio vin bn ng, gio vin tnh nguyn ca cc t chc quc t, Vit kiu tham gia dy hc ngoi ng

2011 - 2020

50.000

Cng 4.378.000

46

III. Giai on 2016 2020:


Kinh ph (Triu ng)

1. Tip tc tuyn dng, o to, bi dng, nng cao trnh v nng lc ngoi ng ca gio vin ngoi ng cc cp hc, trnh o to.

2016 - 2020

250.000

2. Tip tc xy dng cc phng dy v hc ngoi ng, phng nghe nhn v phng hc a phng tin cho cc trng hc cc cp.

2016 - 2020

4.000.000

3. Tip tc tuyn dng gio vin bn ng, gio vin tnh nguyn ca cc t chc quc t, Vit kiu tham gia dy hc ngoi ng

2016 - 2020

50.000

Cng 4.300.000

S kinh ph ni trn d kin s c cung cp t cc ngun kinh ph ca cc chng trnh, n, d n trong nc v cc chng trnh, d n vin tr, vay vn c lin quan, cng nh t cc ngun khc c th huy ng c, c th l:

- Mt s D n thuc Chng trnh Mc tiu quc gia gio dc v o to giai on 2006-2010:

+ D n: i mi chng trnh v ni dung sch gio khoa; + D n: o to v bi dng gio vin, tng cng c s vt

cht cc trng s phm; + D n: Tng cng c s vt cht cc trng hc, cc trung tm

k thut tng hp hng nghip; xy dng mt s trng i hc, trung hc chuyn nghip trng im;

+ D n: "D n tng cng nng lc o to ngh". - n: o to Tin hc v ng dng cng ngh thng tin, tng cng

nng lc ngoi ng trong cc trng hc. - n "Xy dng, nng cao cht lng i ng nh gio, cn b qun l

gio dc giai on 2005-2010".

- Ngun x hi ha gio dc trong vic cung cp trang thit b cho cc cp hc, cc bc trnh o to (c tnh: 10 - 50% tng kinh ph d

47

ton cho u t trang thit b dy v hc ngoi ng theo cc cp hc, cc bc trnh o to).

F. KH KHN D KIN V BIN PHP KHC PHC

Trong qu trnh trin khai n, d kin s gp phi nhng kh khn chnh nh sau:

1. Thi lng ca Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm c thit k trong n l 1.155 tit, c phn chia i vi cc cp hc nh sau : Tiu hc 4 tit/tun, Trung hc c s 3 tit/tun, Trung hc ph thng 3 tit/tun. Nh vy so vi cc chng trnh ngoi ng trc y (Chng trnh 3 nm v Chng trnh 7 nm), thi lng dy v hc ngoi ng tng mt cch ng k v ch yu tp trung cho cc lp 3, lp 4, lp 5 ca cp Tiu hc. Trong thc t hin nay, ngoi ng tiu hc l mn t chn, khng bt buc, nn vic trin khai chng trnh mi bt u t lp 3 s gp nhiu kh khn, nht l vic m bo thi lng v i ng gio vin.

khc phc kh khn s gp phi nh trn, cn c nhng gii php sau:

- T chc dy hc 2 bui/ ngy Tiu hc m bo yu cu v thi lng dy hc ngoi ng v cc mn hc khc. Trc mt khuyn khch cc trng tiu hc c iu kin v c s ng h ca cha m hc sinh tham gia vo vic dy hc ngoi ng theo chng trnh mi do n xut.

- Tng bc trin khai chng trnh ngoi ng mi vi mc v phm vi ph hp m bo yu cu c gio vin ngoi ng. Trc ht, ch trin khai dy v hc theo chng trnh mi nhng thnh ph th x, th trn c c s o to gio vin ngoi ng. ng thi cn c chnh sch tuyn dng, i ng v bi dng nghip v s phm ph hp thu ht nhng ngi c trnh ngoi ng t cc lnh vc khc tham gia ging dy ngoi ng trong cc trng tiu hc. Khuyn khch gio vin ngoi ng c tham gia dy hc nhiu trng.

2. Chng trnh ngoi ng 10 nm d kin th im vo nm hc 2009 - 2010 v trin khai chnh thc lp 3 Tiu hc t nm hc 2010 - 2011. Nh vy, thi gian chun b v chng trnh v sch gio khoa l ht sc gp gp. Nu khng c s u t thch hp v thi gian v cc ngun lc khc th s phi trin khai chm li mt thi gian.

khc phc kh khn ny, cn :

48

- T chc tuyn chn nhng ngi c trnh chuyn mn, nghip v s phm, kinh nghim ging dy v bin son chng trnh, sch gio khoa tham gia vo i ng tc gi xy dng chng trnh v bin son sch gio khoa.

- Cho php cc a phng, cc phng gio dc qun, huyn la chn v quyt nh s dng cc sch gio khoa ngoi ng ph hp hin c trong nc dy v hc ngoi ng cc trng tiu hc ca a phng mnh theo chng trnh ngoi ng mi, thng nht trn c nc.

---//---

de an ngoai ngu 2008 - 2020

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