disclaimer - s-space.snu.ac.krs-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/161779/1/000000156906.pdf · the...
Post on 12-Jul-2020
0 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
저 시-비 리- 경 지 2.0 한민
는 아래 조건 르는 경 에 한하여 게
l 저 물 복제, 포, 전송, 전시, 공연 송할 수 습니다.
다 과 같 조건 라야 합니다:
l 하는, 저 물 나 포 경 , 저 물에 적 된 허락조건 명확하게 나타내어야 합니다.
l 저 터 허가를 면 러한 조건들 적 되지 않습니다.
저 에 른 리는 내 에 하여 향 지 않습니다.
것 허락규약(Legal Code) 해하 쉽게 약한 것 니다.
Disclaimer
저 시. 하는 원저 를 시하여야 합니다.
비 리. 하는 저 물 리 목적 할 수 없습니다.
경 지. 하는 저 물 개 , 형 또는 가공할 수 없습니다.
Master’s Thesis of Public Administration
The Philippines’ War Against Drugs
and the Public Voices: The Dynamic Relationship Between Policy and
Citizens’ Attitude and Engagement
필리핀의 마약과의 전쟁과 국민 여론: 정책과 시민의 태도 및 참여와의 역동적 관계
August 2019
Graduate School of Public Administration
Seoul National University
Global Public Administration Major
Lady Fatima H. Dela Cruz
i
Abstract
The Philippines’ War Against Drugs
and the Public Voices: The Dynamic Relationship Between Policy and
Citizens’ Attitude and Engagement
Lady Fatima H. Dela Cruz
Global Public Administration Major
The Graduate School of Public Administration
Seoul National University
Using the case of the Philippines’ anti-illegal drugs policy and people’s
opinion about it, this study explores the dynamic relationship between public
policy and citizens’ attitude and engagement with it. Drawing from Attitudinal
Policy Feedback framework developed by Pacheco (2013), this aims to
examine the mutually transforming relationship between public policy and
citizens’ attitude and engagement.
The paper looks into the characteristics of Philippine President
Rodrigo R. Duterte’s anti-illegal drugs policy in terms of tangibility, visibility,
and length of implementation and how these become crucial factors in
generating feedback in the form of public opinion. Analysis of data from
Facebook shows the types of social media content related to the policy that
spawn strong public reaction and how people’s attitude and engagement with
the policy result to some changes in its implementation. Finally, the prospect
of this kind of dynamics between policy and citizen engagement to the
ii
continuation of the anti-illegal drugs policy and other related policies are also
discussed. In the end, the study confirms the mutually transforming relationship
between public policy and citizens’ attitude and engagement.
Keywords: Public Policy, Citizen Engagement, Public Opinion,
Social Networking Site, Policy Feedback, Facebook
Student ID: 2017-25110
iii
Table of Contents
Abstract i
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures and Tables v
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 4
1.2 Significance of the Study 4
1.3 Ethical Consideration 5
Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature 6
2.1 Theoretical Framework 6
Attitudinal Policy Feedback 8
2.2 Setting the Agenda of the Philippines’ War Against
Drugs Under the Duterte Administration 12
Chapter 3. Methodology 21
3.1. Methodological Framework 21
3.2 Methodology 24
Chapter 4. Presentation and Analysis of Data 29
4.1 How Policy Affects People’s Attitude and Engagement 31
4.1.1 Direct Experience and Tangibility 31
4.1.2 Indirect Experience and Visibility 37
4.2 How People’s Attitude and Engagement Affect Policy 42
4.2.1 Tokhang-for-Ransom and the Killing of Jee Ick-joo 42
4.2.2 The Death of Kian Loyd Delos Santos Caught on
CCTV 44
iv
4.2.3 People’s Reactions to Jee and Delos Santos’ Deaths
and Their Implication on the Anti-Illegal Drugs Policy 48
4.3 The Future of the Policy 51
Chapter 6. Conclusion 57
Bibliography 59
Appendices 66
Appendix A. #RealNumbersPH Data Since the
Implementation of the Anti-Illegal Drugs Policy on July 01,
2016 up to September 20, 2018 66
Appendix B. Database of Policy-Related Contents Posted by
Rappler, Inquirer.net, GMA News, ABS-CBN News, and
News 5 on their Facebook Pages in July 2016 69
Appendix C. Database of Policy-Related Contents Posted by
Rappler, Inquirer.net, GMA News, ABS-CBN News, and
News 5 on their Facebook Pages in August 2016 95
Abstract in Korean 130
v
List of Figures and Tables
FIGURES
Figure 1. Illustration of the Relationship Between the Duterte
Administration’s Anti-Illegal Drugs Policy and People’s
Attitude and Engagement Based on Pacheco’s (2013) Model 12
Figure 2. TOKHANG RELOADED: PNP’s New Guidelines for
‘Tokhangers’ in Implementing Oplan Tokhang 47
TABLES
Table 1. Published #RealNumbersPH Data until September 30,
2018 33
Table 2. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism’s
Comparison of Data from #RealNumbersPH, PNP Directorate
for Operations, and PNP Double Barrel Secretariat as of May 23,
2017 35
Table 3. Number of Policy-Related Contents Posted in the
Facebook Pages of Rappler, Inquirer.net, GMA News, ABS-
CBN News, and News5 in July and August 2017 and the
Number of Shares Generated by those Contents 38
Table 4. Policy-Related Content Topics of Top Media
Organizations’ Facebook Pages 39
Table 5. Comparison of Interactions with Facebook Contents of
Top Media Organizations on Jee Ick-joo and Kian Loyd Delos
Santos 49
1
Chapter 1. Introduction
Beginning November 2015 when he officially announced that he was
running for president of the Philippines for the May 2016 elections, one of the
things then Davao City Mayor Rodrigo R. Duterte promised in his presidential
campaign was that he would end criminality and drugs in three to six months if
he wins. His campaign rhetoric against drugs and criminality was clear. He
would not tolerate small and big-time drug dealers and the war against drugs
would be a bloody one. He promised to kill thousands if only to rid his country
of criminality and abuses the soonest possible time.
His celebrated success as mayor of Davao City, one of the major cities
south of the Philippines, for seven terms or more than two decades was proof
of his capability to overhaul the Philippines according to his supporters. While
critics pointed out records of human rights violations and disregard of law and
procedures in dealing with accused criminals in Davao City and his threats and
profanities directed against accused criminals, law violators, and narco-
politicians; his brazen attitude was lauded by his supporters, comparing his
action-oriented stance against his more diplomatic rivals. In May 2016
presidential elections, Duterte won by a landslide, garnering 39% or 16.6
million votes against five other candidates (Inquirer.net, 2016).
Right after he assumed his position in July 2016, Duterte began to carry
out his “war on drugs” policy. The all-out war against illegal drugs was
officially launched by the Philippine National Police (PNP) with the mission of
clearing drug-affected barangays1 across the country and conducting
operations against drug personalities and syndicates. It aimed to address the
1 Barangay is the smallest political unit in the Philippines under towns/municipalities
and cities.
2
country’s mounting concern on drug abuse as government data revealed that as
of February 2016, about 27% of 42,065 barangays in the Philippines were drug-
affected (PNP, 2016; Gavilan 2017).
Six months after Duterte administration’s launch of its anti-illegal
drugs policy, the period by which he promised to end criminality and illegal
drug abuse in the Philippines, the PNP data recorded more than 7,000 people
killed in the war against drugs, including more than 2,000 drug suspects killed
during police operations (Bueza, 2017).
The anti-illegal drugs policy of the Duterte administration generated
strong and varied reactions from the citizens, as well as from the international
community. Supporters commended the efforts of the administration to end
criminality and drug abuse in the country. On the other hand, critics of the
policy equated the figures accomplished by the war against drugs to the
staggering human rights violations by Duterte administration.
Social networking sites (SNSs) became one of the arenas for
contestations on the anti-illegal drugs policy. The initial years of the Duterte
administration saw a proliferation of online contents related to the
implementation of the anti-illegal drugs policy coming from established media
organizations, as well as from individual citizens and groups. The availability
of these online contents encouraged people to engage with one another in social
media. Varieties of reactions, comments, and shares, on articles, news, opinion
pieces, and even memes about controversial arrests and killings of ordinary and
prominent people filled the social media feeds of ordinary Filipinos.
In the literature of policy processes, we always find the notion of
citizens’ opinion affecting agenda setting and formation of policies. Various
forms of pressure from the citizens, especially through organized interest
groups and mass public, have pushed for people inside the government—those
who are involved in agenda setting and formation of policy alternatives—to
3
consider varieties of issues, problems, and solutions (Kingdon, 1984). Policy
processes, however, are not only one-way streets. As much as there are actors
who create policies, there are also policies that influence, activate, strengthen,
or weaken these actors, particularly their attitude towards and engagement in
policies. The resulting feedback generated from these actors also become
impetus for changes in the implementation of the policy. Therefore, rather than
describe the relationship between policies and people’s attitude and
engagement as one-directional, with the former influencing the latter, or vice
versa, it may be helpful to look at this relationship as mutually transforming,
with both sides affecting changes on the other.
This study of the Philippines’ anti-illegal drugs policy and citizens’
attitude and engagement aim to uncover the dynamics between the policy and
public’s attitude and engagement. Unlike many other policies that do not
produce such overwhelming public reaction, the Duterte administration’s anti-
illegal drugs policy generated a tremendous response from the people. The
objective of this research, therefore, is to uncover the nature and characteristics
of a policy that would encourage strong citizen participation, on the one hand,
and how the people’s reactions pushed for changes or modifications in the
implementation of the policy, on the other hand.
Furthermore, this study also aims to explore the nature of social media
and SNSs, particularly Facebook, which is the most commonly used SNS in the
Philippines, as a legitimate sphere of citizen engagement on policies. Drawing
from the theory of the public sphere by Jurgen Habermas, as well as more recent
articles on the use of social media and SNSs, I would like to describe his notions
and extend the concept to SNSs as contemporary public spheres. Using this, I
will argue that the use of SNSs is a legitimate form of social and political
participation; hence, a valid source of data when we talk of social and political
engagement of the public on government policies.
4
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The main research problem this study would like to explore is the
relationship between public policy and citizens’ attitude and engagement.
Specifically, the researcher would like to know how a public policy
generates feedback in the form of citizens’ attitude and engagement. Why are
some policies able to produce feedback in the form of public opinion? What are
the characteristics and nature of policies that enable such engagement?
On the other hand, how do citizens react and interact with public
policies? Specific to the case of the Philippines, what are the people’s reactions
to Duterte’s drug policy? How do they show keen support or illicit strong
disagreement to the policy?
Finally, what is the prospect of this kind of dynamics between policy
and citizen engagement to the continuation/discontinuation of the policy or to
future policies related to drugs and other institutions or structures affecting the
implementation of the anti-illegal drugs policy?
1.2 Significance of the Study
The study on the Philippines’ war against drugs aims to achieve two
main contributions. Theoretically, it aims to contribute to the existing literature
on the relationship between public policy and citizens’ attitude and engagement
by showing the particularities of the Philippine case. It endeavors to show
unique characteristics and nature of policies and citizens that get involved in
such kind of dynamics.
Methodologically, this paper aims to contribute to the use of new
means of generating and analyzing data through the social media, especially
public opinion, as this seems to be one of the biggest contributions of the
medium in the policy feedback process. The literature of social media shows
5
how it has reshaped traditional ways of political participation. Its democratizing
capability has opened channels even to those who have little education, income,
and political association. The language of the social media is that of the
ordinary people and everyone can engage with anyone regardless of age,
economic status, background, and political and social disposition.
1.3 Ethical Consideration
This study was highly reliant on data from Facebook which included
people’s opinion about issues surrounding the Philippines’ anti-illegal drugs
policy under the Duterte administration. The social media contents were posted
public and the researcher believed that there was no need to ask permission
from each of the thousands of people who commented on the contents. The
researcher made sure, however, that no specific comments or opinions will be
associated to any particular person and none of the names of Facebook users
will appear in the study.
6
Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature
2.1 Theoretical Framework
Public policies are often seen as results, but rarely as causes, of
democratic processes (Campbell, 2007). When we think of policies, we look at
them as outcomes of actions and dynamics among different policy actors,
institutions, and structures. We look into the interconnectedness of these
different factors in determining what agenda are elevated and to which direction
policies gear toward.
Kingdon (1984), for example, discussed the dynamics among three
policy streams—problems, politics, and policy—in agenda setting and
subsequent policy formation. He defined problems as everyday conditions that
people recognize as requiring change as they do not adhere to certain values or
they appear problematic in comparison to other contexts. How problems are
portrayed could have an effect on how the agenda would be elevated and on
what policies would be formulated to solve them. When it comes to the political
stream, certain events such as elections and changes in the administration,
adaption of certain ideas among political groups that could change political
mood, or demands of interest groups could also have an effect on agenda setting
(Kingdon, 1984). Finally, policy refers to specific proposals or ideas that float
around and whose survival depends on a number of criteria including “technical
feasibility, congruence with the values of community members, and the
anticipation of future constraints, including a budget constraint, public
acceptability, and politicians’ receptivity” (Kingdon, 1984, p. 200). Among
these policy streams, he also discussed the roles of policy actors, which he
categorized between visible and hidden participants. He defined visible
participants as those “who receive considerable press and public attention
7
(including) the president and his high-level appointees, prominent members of
the Congress, the media, and such elections-related actors as political parties
and campaigners” (Kingdon, 1984, p. 199) and who decide on which agenda
should be elevated; on the other hand, bureaucrats, members of the academe,
consultants and researchers, congressional staff, and all those who are involved
in considering and crafting specific policy proposals and solutions comprise the
hidden participants. While each stream develops independent from one another,
the “coupling” or combination of these streams result to the rise of an issue in
the policy agenda table (Kingdon, 1984).
Some scholars have explored, however, the capability of public policy
itself to influence democratic processes (Campbell, 2007). For example,
historical institutionalism and policy feedback, as expounded by many scholars,
talk of the impact of policies in politics and future policy-making processes
(Beland, 2010). Theda Skocpol discussed the effect policy has on the expansion
of state capacity. According to her, the necessity to implement policies result
to changes in the state, often increasing its administrative capability, which
could affect future policy formation and implementation (Beland, 2010;
Pierson, 1994). In order to implement certain policies, the state may adapt some
changes on how it usually performs its mandate. These newly adapted changes,
in turn, may have consequential effects on formulation of future policies and/or
implementation thereof.
While some policies may have some enhancing effect on the capacity
of the state, some existing policies, however, can also have limiting
consequences to succeeding or future policy developments as explained by the
concept of lock-in effect. Pierson (1994) explained the lock-in effect as “policy-
induced emergence of elaborate social and economic networks that greatly
increase the cost of adopting once-possible alternative and inhibit exit from a
current policy path” (p. 42). It means that adaption of existing policies may
8
create conditions that may eventually constrict or make it more difficult,
although not impossible, to develop other policy alternatives that would require
different capacity or conditions; thereby, creating a lock-in to the existing
policy (Beland, 2010; Pierson, 1994).
Apart from the effects policies can have on state institutions and
structures, policies can also influence formation and behavior of interest groups
(Beland, 2010; Pierson, 1994). Certain policies may create opportunities and
motivations to strengthen influence, mobilization, and political participation
and activities of interest groups; some groups may actually be funded by the
government as provided by the policies created (Pierson, 1994).
These perspectives show that policy direction is not unilateral, with
only institutions, structures, and different policy actors influencing policy
formation. Rather, the relationship of policies to these other factors can be
viewed as mutually transforming with both sides shaping and influencing the
other.
Attitudinal Policy Feedback
The transformative nature of policies can affect, not just meso (e.g.,
interest groups) and macro structures (e.g., institutions, state, etc.) but also,
micro structures such as individuals. While some scholars have focused
attention on the relationship between policies and institutions and groups of
policy actors, some have shifted their attention to the relationship between
policies and individuals—their attitude and participation both in reacting to and
in actively shaping policies and their implementation. This is coming from their
analyses that state policies and programs, especially those that have
implications on the economic well-being of the people such as the
9
implementation of the Social Security Systems, encourage people’s interests
and participation on political issues (Beland, 2010; Campbell, 2007).
Drawing on the works of other scholars, Pacheco (2013) in her study
of the impact of smoking bans in restaurants on people’s attitude towards
smokers, secondhand smoke, and other anti-smoking policies, discussed two
pathways by which policies influence attitude of the people. The first is by
direct experience. As individuals become more exposed to a certain policy, they
become used to it, which could further lead to them supporting other related
policies and changes in social norms and nature of policy environment in the
future (Soss and Schram, 2007; Pacheco, 2013). In this sense, what exactly a
direct experience on drug policy means to Filipinos is the question that needs
to be explored.
The second way is by means of the information they receive. Usually,
the information received by the individuals are highly influenced by the
political elites (Pacheco, 2013). So how the political elites frame policy
information affects the way individuals accept or reject them. Analysis of this
aspect entails knowing exactly who frames such policy information and how
this is being disseminated to the public. It is also important to know how people
react to such framing and how they perceive influencers of the anti-drug policy
rhetoric. Focus on this pathway becomes much more relevant when we utilize
the social media as a means of gathering and evaluating people’s attitude and
engagement in the policy. The receptive nature of the social media to different
kinds of information may characteristically generate wide range of claims
regarding the policy and, consequently, variety of opinions from the public.
Apart from these pathways, there are three factors relating to the
characteristics of the policy that influence public opinion—tangibility,
visibility, and length of exposure. Tangibility refers to the degree of effect a
policy has on the individuals. Highly tangible policies are those that are directly
10
experienced by the citizens, while policies that are not directly experienced are
low in tangibility. Visibility, on the other hand, refers to the reach of a policy
and how much attention it draws from a large number of people. Length of
exposure is also important as it is assumed that the longer an individual has
been exposed to a policy, the stronger and deeply engrained his/her opinion
becomes toward that policy (Pacheco, 2013).
Pacheco (2013) further proposed that highly tangible policies influence
“three facets of mass attitudes: affect toward target populations; beliefs about
what is right/wrong, good/bad, and safe/dangerous; and judgments for future
policy interventions” (p. 715). Certain policies may be directed to a large group
of individuals, while others on select segments of the population. Further, there
are policies that aim to elevate the status of its target population and policies
that punish certain segments. The crucial role of identifying the subject or target
of the policy and ascribing the effect of the policy—whether it is upgrading or
degrading the status of the target population—lies in the government. (Pacheco,
2013). The attribution towards target population, although a main role of the
government, has influence on the segments of the population who are not target
of the policy. A policy may frame sectors of the population in a positive or a
negative light; therefore, activating or strengthening certain kind of perceptions
of the other segments of the population towards them. “If a policy is inclusive,
expanding the status of target populations, then political attitudes are expected
to be positive. If a policy is exclusive, alienates a segment of the population, or
signals that policy targets are of lesser status, then attitudes about those people
are expected to be negative” (Pacheco, 2013: p. 717). In the case of the
Philippines, this facet was explored by looking at how the drug policy
influenced people’s opinion of the target population, or those labeled by the
policy as drugs personalities.
11
Apart from influencing how individuals view other members of the
society, tangible policies may also affect people’s social and political normative
views or beliefs (Pacheco, 2013). Public policy may be seen as a form of social
control, setting expectations on individual beliefs and actions. Support of a
certain policy means adherence to the values, beliefs, and ideals that inform that
policy.
Finally, tangible policies may also influence individuals’ perception of
other policies that complement or contradict existing policies (Pacheco, 2013).
Policies that appear to match the objectives and achievements of other existing
policies may likewise be supported by those who got comfortable with them,
while those that contradict accepted policies may also receive rejection from
the public. In the case of the anti-illegal drugs policy, question of what other
policies, institutions, and structures are related or have direct connection with
the anti-illegal drugs policy, and how the public consequently perceives them,
was also explored.
Further extending Pacheco’s (2013) proposal of how policy influences
people’s attitude to the other side of the mutually transforming relationship
between the two, people’s perspective and attitude toward the policy’s target
population, their normative views, and judgements on future policy
interventions, on the other hand, can greatly affect implementation of the
existing policy and conceptualization of future policies. The feedback the
policy generate from the people may shape the policy itself—may strengthen
it, reinforce it, weaken it, or demand changes in it—or may motivate future
policy initiatives.
These analytical concepts were explored in this study of the Duterte
administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy and its mutually transforming
relationship with the people’s attitude and engagements with the policy.
12
Figure 1. Illustration of the Relationship Between the Duterte Administration’s
Anti-Illegal Drugs Policy and People’s Attitude and Engagement Based on
Pacheco’s (2013) Model
2.2 Setting the Agenda of the Philippines’ War Against
Drugs Under the Duterte Administration
The war against illegal drugs as a national policy agenda did not start
upon the assumption of President Rodrigo R. Duterte. It started as early as the
campaign period for the 2016 presidential elections. It is of great interest to
many scholars and observers how the fight against illegal drug abuse and trade,
which was overlooked in the past and merely regarded as localized concern of
communities and local government units (LGUs), was suddenly raised as an
important national issue meriting the status of a campaign agenda of one of the
strongest presidential candidates and gaining prominence akin to campaign for
stronger economy, for good governance, against corruption, against poverty,
and other usual national election calls. Kingdon’s (1984) three policy streams
and the “coupling” or combination of these streams, as elaborated in the
previous section, provide important analytical concepts in looking at how then-
presidential candidate Duterte elevated the drug problem as a national concern.
Duterte administration's
anti-illegal drugs policy
Pathways: Direct or through information received
Characteristics: Tangibility, visibility, and length of exposure
People's attitude towards and engagement with the policy
Affect toward target populations; normative views; and judgments for future policy interventions
13
As a problem, illegal drug use has been recognized as an issue that
needs to be addressed for many years now. With illegal drug use comes other
related issues of increased criminality, destruction of the family as an important
institution in the Philippine society, non-adherence to long-held community
values, and bigger problems of drug trade and smuggling. Prior to the 2016
presidential elections campaign, however, these were treated as localized
concerns. Although there have been laws to address the problems, unless they
involved big-time drug dealers and smugglers, the issues were dealt with mostly
in the level of communities and LGUs.
The other important policy stream is the political stream. In this case,
it refers primarily to the 2016 presidential elections and the rise of Duterte as
one of the strongest contenders. Duterte gained popularity as mayor of Davao
City, one of the prominent cities south of the Philippines, for more than two
decades. As Mayor Duterte, he gained reputation for his unusual manner of
dealing with drug addicts and criminals—using threats, and, according to
himself, even resorting to violence to warn and punish wrongdoers. According
to his critics, he was notorious for extrajudicial killings and violations of human
rights in Davao City during his term. His name has been implicated in a number
of summary executions carried out by a supposed vigilante group allegedly
supported by him in Davao City (Mangahas, Ilagan, Lucero, and Maru, 2016).
People were worried that cases of human rights violations would become
rampant under a Duterte administration similar to what supposedly happened
in his city. Some people raised concerns as to the kind of leadership he would
adopt if he wins the election. He established an image of the strongman at the
local level. Thomson (2016), referring to John Sidel’s 2004 study on “Bossism
and Democracy in the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia: Towards an
Alternative Framework for the Study of ‘Local Strongmen’,” believed that
“bossism” best described Duterte’s leadership style—enjoying long-term
14
monopoly over coercive and economic resources by managing his city like a
private fiefdom.
On the other hand, some people saw him as a welcome alternative to
the other politicians. Duterte did not come from the landed elites and political
dynasties, a characteristic typical of many prominent politicians in the
Philippines. If he wins, he would be the first president to come from Mindanao,
the island group south of the Philippines, which many people believed have
been overlooked by many administrations in the past due to its distance from
Manila, the center of government power. Many people, especially those from
Mindanao and, to some extent, those in Visayas (the other island group in the
middle of the Philippines), were hoping that a Duterte presidency would mean
development for the previously neglected regions and provinces in the
Philippines. His penchant for expletives and threats in his public speeches,
although viewed by some as unbecoming of a public figure, more so of a
presidential candidate, was seen by others as manifestation of his sincerity and
no-nonsense and irreverent attitude. His strong leadership style, although feared
and frowned upon by some, was seen by others as an effective and much needed
kind of leadership to counter the ills of the society. As Thomson (2016) best
put it,
In an environment of lawlessness, where institutions are weak,
the strongman who protects the good common tao (people)
against the evil criminals is not only able to legitimize his
ruthless modus operandi but also to ensure his long-term hold on
office. (p. 56)
Both seen as an advantage and a drawback relative to his opponents for the
presidential seat, Duterte’s image and leadership style definitely set him apart
from other politicians.
The 2016 presidential elections provided the impetus for a shift on how
Filipino citizens see, first, Duterte, not as a city mayor but, as a presidential
15
candidate and as an alternative to the more prominent names in Philippine
politics; and second, his narrative of change through eradication of drugs,
criminality, and corruption as opposed to the discourse of development through
stronger democracy, economic growth, poverty reduction, or good governance
as espoused by previous administrations and his opponents. It set the stage for
the government and the people to consider new policy directions with the
change in administration.
The coupling of these two policy streams resulted to the elevation of
the illegal drug problem as a national policy issue beginning campaign season
for 2016 elections with Duterte as the most visible actor espousing his agenda
of eradication of illegal drugs within three to six months if he wins the election.
His strong presidential bid granted him media and public attention, which
became instrumental in the framing of drug abuse and criminality, not only as
localized concerns but, as problems that had bigger and far-reaching
implications to national development. He estimated about 3.7 million drug
addicts in the Philippines, more than double the number previously accounted
by the government agencies handling illegal drug concerns—the Dangerous
Drug Board (DDB) approximated the number at 1.24 million and the Philippine
Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) and the Philippine National Police (PNP)
at 1.8 million (Mangahas, et al., 2016). He elevated the concern by using the
“radical rhetoric portraying a corrupt elite that coddles drug dealers and
addicts” (Thomson, 2016, p. 42).
Without referring to them as policy streams, Curato (2016) provided a
very good elaboration of the relationship between the problem of illegal drugs
and the pivotal moment of Duterte’s rise during the presidential elections
campaign using the “politics of anxiety” and the “politics of hope.” She
described the problem of illegal drugs as a “latent anxiety...a shared sense of
distress among communities, but one that remains in the background. It is
16
present but not central, mundane but still worrisome, publicized but not
politicized” (p. 98-99). The drug problem was part of daily conversations, but
was only concentrated in communities and neighborhood and far from being
viewed as part of political discourse. It was not difficult, therefore, for Duterte
to use this latent anxiety and politicize the issue that was already familiar and
even close to home for many voters. He made the issue more visible, even
overstating the problem itself, and stressing the importance of instituting
measures to repress criminality—banking on the “politics of anxiety” (Curato,
2016).
After successfully provoking anxiety among the people, however,
came the offering of what Curato (2016) referred to as the “politics of hope,”
with its forward-looking, positive, and empowering orientation. Duterte
appealed to the people to make his campaign promises possible and to help him
win the election against other political elites. Despite the grim situation of the
country with its mounting problems, the people could look forward to a
potentially positive future that was within their control. The upcoming election
and their support of Duterte gave them an opportunity and a sense of
empowerment to participate in something that could spell the difference in their
lives.
Duterte’s campaign call against drugs and criminality first appealed to
the elite and the middle class, not only in his strong regional bases in Visayas
and Mindanao but also those in Manila—groups who were concerned with their
peace and order situation, and fearful of being victimized by criminals and drug
addicts (Thomson, 2016; Teehankee, 2016). These people have had enough of
the daily news of heinous crimes, many of which purportedly committed by
people under the influence of drugs. The connection between criminality and
drug abuse seems logical anyway; hence, the support for Duterte’s campaign
calls. It also helped that he could use Davao City as a compelling model for his
17
platform. Davao was described as “a city transformed from violence and
conflict (the “murder capital of the Philippines”) to a peaceful place where
business and culture flourished and which had been named among the most
liveable in Asia” (Thomson, 2016, p. 55). Initial Duterte supporters saw in
Davao City a prototype of the kind of transformation they hoped for the
Philippines to have under the Duterte presidency.
Curato (2016), in her study of Duterte’s rise to power, pointed to the
concept of populism to explain Duterte’s appeal to more than 16 million
Filipinos who casted their votes on him. Drawing from the works of other
scholars, she established the “broad consensus…about the logic underpinning
populism, which is the construction of an antagonism between ‘the people’ and
‘the dangerous other’” (p. 94). In Duterte’s narrative, the antagonism was
between the law-abiding citizens and the criminals, most especially the drug
addicts and pushers (Curato, 2016). This dichotomy was well played out during
the campaign and attracted the support of the middle class and the elites, who
saw themselves as the law-abiding citizens that needed to be protected from the
criminals. Duterte was seen as an ally and a strong leader that could provide
this protection through his promise to aggressively fight illegal drugs and
criminality. This dichotomy resulted to a more specific type of populism—
penal populism, which demands “harsher mechanisms for social control to
address the public’s demand to be ‘tough on crime’” (Curato, 2016, p. 94).
Crucial in the concept of penal populism is the public’s consensus of the need
to treat criminals differently from the righteous citizens and impose severe
punishments on the former to protect the latter.
In the May 2016 presidential elections, Duterte won by a landslide,
garnering 39% or 16.6 million votes against five other candidates (Inquirer.net,
2016). Upon his assumption in July 2016, Duterte began to carry out his “war
on drugs” policy. The all-out war against illegal drugs was officially launched
18
by one of its enforcement agencies, the Philippine National Police (PNP)
through its Command Memorandum Circular (CMC) No. 16-2016, known as
the PNP Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign Plan – Project: “Double Barrel.” CMC
No. 16-2016 set the guidelines and procedures to be conducted by the PNP in
its drug-related operations with the mission of clearing “all drug affected
barangays across the country, conduct no let up operations against illegal drugs
personalities, and dismantle drug syndicates” (PNP, 2016; Gavilan 2017).
As stated in CMC No. 16-2016, lower barrel police operations would
be conducted in the barangay levels as data from the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA) said that as of February 2016, about 27% of
42,065 barangays in the Philippines were drug-affected, or those with existence
of drug users, pushers, and other drug personalities. The circular further noted
that most of the victims of the drug problem came from the disadvantaged
sector (PNP, 2016).
Another data from the Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG) said that there were 20,252, or as high as less than 50%,
drug-affected barangays in the Philippines as of April 2017. In terms of the
extent of barangay drug exposure, the National Capital Region (NCR), which
includes Manila and 16 other cities had the highest with 97.30% of its
barangays affected by drugs (Mangahas, Lucero, Maru, Carvajal, & Antiquerra,
2017b).
As per the circular, the lower barrel approach, more popularly known
as the Project Tokhang, would include visits to houses of suspected drug
personalities to encourage them to stop their illegal activities and surrender to
authorities. The list of drug personalities to be visited was to be obtained and
validated by the respective police units having jurisdiction of the place of
residence. Police coordination with national and local government agencies
such as the PDEA, Dangerous Drugs Board, LGUs, community-based anti-drug
19
abuse councils, media, and non-government organizations (NGOs) should also
be done prior to visits to ensure compliances in investigation and operations
and to solicit support from other stakeholders. Lastly, processing and
documentation of those who would surrender and further monitoring of
activities of other drug personalities should be done after house visitations
(PNP, 2016).
The upper barrel approach, called the Project HVT (for High-Value
Target), on the other hand, would be conducted in city, provincial, regional, and
national levels focusing on national and international drug trafficking (PNP,
2016; Gavilan 2017). The circular openly identified three transnational drug
syndicates operating in the Philippines; namely, 1) the Chinese or Filipino-
Chinese drug syndicate, 2) the African Drug Syndicate, and 3) the Mexican-
Sinaloa Drug Cartel (PNP, 2016)
Apart from anti-illegal drugs operations, the circular also covered a
program to reform the police ranks with the PNP Internal Cleansing, which
would arrest and prosecute members of the PNP who would be involved in
illegal activities related to drugs including case fixing, recycling of confiscated
drugs, and acting as protectors of drug personalities. Conduct of education,
awareness, and rehabilitation programs, especially for drug users who would
voluntarily surrender would also be done (PNP, 2016; Gavilan 2017).
The PNP’s CMC No. 16-2016 was just the initial official response to
President Duterte’s standing order to curtail illegal drugs. Following Executive
No. 15 dated March 6, 2017, the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs
(ICAD), chaired by the PDEA, was created to ensure comprehensive
implementation and to consolidate and monitor all anti-illegal drugs operations
and activities of 20 member agencies (Office of the President of the Philippines,
2016; The Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs, n.d.). The member
agencies were divided into four clusters: 1) Enforcement Cluster, responsible
20
for the anti-illegal drugs operations; 2) Justice Cluster, responsible for handling
of all legal aspects of the war against illegal drugs; 3) Advocacy Cluster, for
advocacy campaigns and information dissemination; 4) Rehabilitation and
Reintegration Cluster, for managing drug rehabilitation programs and
community reintegration of former drug addicts (ICAD, n.d.).
Six months after Duterte administration’s launch of its drug policy, the
period by which he promised to end criminality and illegal drug abuse in the
Philippines, figures based on the PNP data recorded more than 7,000 people
killed in the war against drugs, including more than 2,000 drug suspects killed
during police operations (Bueza, 2017).
21
Chapter 3. Methodology
3.1 Methodological Framework
The aspect of citizens’ attitude and engagement is conceptually defined
as citizens’ reaction and opinion on the policy and their participation in the on-
going discourse on the matter. Operationally, this was analyzed by looking at
the citizens engagement in social media content and exchange of opinions on
news articles and posts concerning the drug policy in the Philippines. Further
elaboration on the data collection method and analysis shall be discussed in the
succeeding section. At this point, however, it is important to lay down
important theoretical basis for using the social media in the analysis of citizen
engagement in the discourse on the drug policy.
In his book entitled The Structural Transformation of the Public
Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, Jurgen Habermas
(1989) described the public sphere as “the sphere of private people come
together as a public” (p. 27). He located the public sphere as lying between the
private realm, composed of the civil society and the family and the sphere of
public authority, comprised of the state and the court. The public sphere,
therefore, connects the private realm and the sphere of public authority.
“Through the vehicle of public opinion, it put the state in touch with the needs
of society” (Habermas, 1989).
Brundidge (2008) recognized that the Internet has changed the
structure and dynamics of the public sphere by creating numerous platforms,
sites, and forums in which political discourses can take place. She was also
hopeful that the Internet may be useful in making more concrete the concept of
the public sphere and how people should engage in it. In particular, she
proposed that discussion in the public sphere “should be comprised of
22
informed, civil, and rational exchanges among diverse groups of citizens—with
diversity being a key aspect emphasizing “the working out of political
differences through political deliberation” (Brundidge, 2008, p. 2-3).
In a study on the effects of the Internet in political participation,
Gainous, Marlowe, and Wagner (2013) suggested that “who uses the Internet,
and how they use the Internet, is significant in predicting political participation”
(p. 155). They also believed that traditional forms of political engagement may
not be as significant anymore as people are turning more to the Internet,
particularly social networking sites (SNSs), to engage with their fellow voters
(Gainous, Marlowe, and Wagner, 2013). Another interesting findings in their
study was with regard to the Internet equalizing the disparity between the haves
and the have-nots.
While SNSs do have a positive and significant effect on the
proclivity to participate in politics, they do not appear to affect
all groups to the same degree…Social networking alone does not
generate equal capital. Rather, those who are more likely to
discuss politics within their networks are more likely to generate
politically relevant social capital, and as a result participate in
politics. (Gainous, Marlowe, and Wagner, 2013, p. 155)
These perspectives will help us locate the role of the Internet and the
social media as contemporary public sphere for citizen participation. Recent
studies on the importance of the Internet show that it has indeed provided a non-
traditional space for social and political engagement among netizens.
Data on citizens’ attitude and engagement on the Duterte
administration’s drug policy was looked from the perspective of their
engagement in the social media, specifically on Facebook, which is the most
widely used SNS in the Philippines. From 23 million Filipino Internet users in
2010, the figure has doubled to 49 million in 2016, which accounted for about
42.3% of the population (Dangla, 2016). It is also important to note that 94%
23
of Filipinos with access to the Internet use Facebook, the leading SNS in the
world (Sinpeng, 2016).
There are recognized limitations in using Facebook as a source of valid
data and to regard it as a contemporary public sphere with the proliferation of
fake news and fake accounts, the still unequal distribution of resources to ensure
that everyone is represented in this public sphere, the shallowness and shortness
of interactions among users, especially in public pages where people just leave
comments on posts and interact mostly with other Facebook users they did not
know.
While recognizing these limitations, however, it is also important to
look at the potential of the data source in understanding certain aspects of
people’s lives. Established ways of analyzing social phenomena have given us
important insights about social relationships, but for about two decades now,
people’s use of the internet and the social media have grown so much that there
is a need to expand our perspective of public social interactions as happening
only in the traditional public sphere. The receptivity of SNSs to various kinds
of claims have made them easier venues for different kinds of expressions
among people, including social and political engagement of the public, which
were previously found in the streets, in coffeehouses, in legislative halls, or in
places where people used to interact face-to-face. Despite the virtual
environment of SNSs, where interactions are limited and people can maintain
different personalities from the ones they have in real life, it is already a fact of
life and the kind of interaction that comes out of it are undeniably forms of
social interactions.
24
3.2 Methodology
Following the Attitudinal Policy Feedback model elaborated by
Pacheco (2013), as discussed in the previous chapter, this study measured the
relationship between the Duterte administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy and
the people’s attitude and engagement using data from government agencies
responsible for the implementation of the war on drugs policy and those
generated from Facebook. As stated by Pacheco (2013), there are two pathways
by which policies influence attitude of the people—first is through direct
experience and second is by means of the information they receive. Analysis of
the second pathway became much more relevant since the method employed
gathering and analyzing data of people’s engagement with the policy from
social media.
When it comes to analyzing characteristics of policies that would have
influence on public opinion, Pacheco (2013) mentioned tangibility, visibility,
and length of exposure. To measure tangibility of the policy, which is closely
connected to the direct experience of the people, the researcher looked at the
combination of official data, as well as those generated by media and non-
government organizations, to analyze the extent of the implementation of anti-
illegal drugs policy in terms of the extent of the operations conducted number
of drug personalities killed and arrested; value of drugs and drug money
confiscated; number of communities and individuals affected by the
implementation of the policy; and other relevant measures.
As stated, visibility is about the reach of the policy and how much
attention it draws from the people. While tangibility is connected to direct
experience of the policy, visibility on the other hand, somehow captured the
second pathway, which is how people receive information about the policy.
Observations of how information about the administration’s anti-illegal drugs
25
policy were framed will be provided. Visibility was measured using interaction
of the people to select drug-policy related news and online contents by
established media organizations in the Philippines.
Since the idea was to look at people’s engagement with the policy in
social media and SNSs as legitimate public spheres, the process was to look for
where and how people interact with one another on these media. In Facebook,
people’s reactions to the anti-illegal drugs policy were usually triggered by
contents and posts that served as convergence points or platforms for various
people to interact with others. Most of these contents were not from individual
private accounts, but from public pages including, but not limited to, those of
established media organizations’ accounts. Although other Facebook pages
also became popular sources of contents related to the anti-illegal drugs policy,
the researcher opted to limit the study to established and credible media
organizations’ Facebook pages to avoid including those that were associated
with certain politicians, parties, or interest groups, or those that propagated fake
news.
The researcher started by identifying and choosing top five Facebook
pages of media organizations based in the Philippines to be used for gathering
news and contents (i.e., articles, videos, photos, etc.) related to the drug policy
based on the number of followers, or those who liked their Facebook pages2.
The assumption was that these media organizations with the most number of
Facebook followers could reach to more number of audience and the likelihood
of people interacting (liking, sharing, and commenting) with their contents was
greater than in other media organizations’ pages with fewer followers. It was
2 Liking or following a page is similar to subscribing to the content of that page. Once
a Facebook user likes a page, any content posted in that page will be shown
automatically in his/her Facebook timeline.
26
also ensured that the chosen Facebook pages were verified3 or those that have
been confirmed by Facebook as authentic pages or accounts of public figures,
media companies, or brands. The top five media organizations chosen for the
study were ABS-CBN News (15 million followers), GMA News (12 million),
INQUIRER.net (4.3 million), Rappler (3.7 million), and News5 (3.1 million).
Apart from Facebook pages, all of them have websites from which
content posted on Facebook pages originated. It was also noted that these
established media organizations have non-online presence as well. ABS-CBN
News, GMA News, and News5 are tied to the three leading television stations
in the country and other media affiliates such as print and radio, while
INQUIRER.net has printed newspaper counterparts and affiliates.
The researcher also looked into the verified Facebook pages of the
Presidential Communications (Government of the Philippines), which had 1.3
million followers, and the Philippine National Police, which had 1.1 million
followers. These two were identified as the most relevant Facebook pages for
government postings on anti-illegal drugs policy.
Second, certain events and news related to the policy implementation
that generated strong public attention were identified. Based on initial research,
the following events and news garnered strong media exposure and public
opinion—(Event 1) initial implementation of the drug policy; (Event 2)
discovery of the killing of a South Korean businessman, also allegedly involved
in drug trade, by policemen; and (Event 3) the death of a minor shot by police
officers during an anti-illegal drugs operation.
Upon identification of the exact dates these events happened, the
researcher then used Facebook’s search option to select all contents posted in
3 A Facebook page or account is said to be verified if its account name appears with a
blue badge .
27
each media organization’s page for a specified period since the events happened
(i.e., two months for Event 1 and two weeks for Events 2 and 3). Once Facebook
generated all the contents for the specified dates, those related to the specific
events were selected and saved for processing.
Next, each saved content was scanned for initial organization of data.
Databases were created for each event, which included information such as the
sources or pages that posted the content, titles of the Facebook posts, dates of
posting, content type (whether article, video, or picture), number of specified
audience interaction (i.e., likes, shares, and comments) for each content, and
focus of the contents (e.g., government agencies, drug personalities, families of
drug personalities, groups, etc.). These would be crucial in measuring reach of
policy-related contents in terms of strength of audience interaction and
engagement to the events and the related contents.
Pacheco (2013) did not only show the characteristics of a policy that
would influence citizens’ attitude and how these affected aspects of mass
attitudes. On the other side of the mutually transforming relationship between
policy and people’s attitude and engagement, reactions from the citizens could
also affect implementation of the policy or other policy initiatives. To analyze
these aspects of the relationship, the researcher looked at Facebook users’
comments4 on each selected content. Since the pages have different number of
contents for each event, the researcher sorted the contents each page had based
on the number of likes, shares, and comments. Also, since comments for each
content could reach from hundreds to thousands, the researcher opted to choose
4 Facebook has the option available for a user to leave a comment on a content, unless
this option was deactivated by one who posted the content. For public Facebook pages,
however, this option is usually activated, and followers or likers of a page can leave a
comment on all the contents.
28
the most commented content for each page and for each event and picked 5%
of comments for analysis.
Comments were categorized using the three facets of mass attitudes
proposed by Pacheco (2013): 1) perspective and attitude toward the policy’s
target population; 2) their normative views of right and wrong; and 3)
judgments on other policy interventions. The first category is connected to how
the people view drug personalities as the target population of the policy. For
example, do they view them the same way the government narrative portrays
them? Do they offer other ways of looking at the target population? The second
category involves their opinions of the issue being discussed in the article and
what they view as right and wrong. Do they agree with how policies are
implemented? Do they think certain personalities are right or wrong? Finally,
comments regarding their perspectives on other relevant programs and policies
were also sorted (e.g., revival of death penalty, police reforms, etc.).
29
Chapter 4. Presentation and Analysis of Data
For a policy to gain public attention, the public, at the very least, must
first be aware of its existence. The more people experience and feel its effect
on them, the greater the chance of a policy influencing the attitude and opinion
of the people. In what Pacheco (2013) described as the two pathways by which
policy can influence the public—through direct experience and by the
information they receive, and the characteristics of the policy that would have
influence—tangible, visible, and long-lasting—direct experience is closely
connected to tangibility of the policy, while the means by which people receive
information and how they interact with them seems more connected to
visibility.
The succeeding sections will talk first about the characteristics of the
anti-illegal drugs policy that affected people’s attitude and engagement. The
first one, which is connected to tangibility will discuss the extent of President
Rodrigo R. Duterte’s drug war from the time of its initial implementation upon
his assumption in July 2016 until September 2018. It was crucial to gather
official information from the agencies implementing the policy, but
discrepancies in the actual count, especially of deaths and casualties in the drug
war, were asserted by some media and non-government organizations. Hence,
some data from these non-government organizations will also be presented.
This will show the extent of the drug war as directly experienced by Filipinos
all over the country.
The second one deals with visibility, which concerns how information
were presented to the public by established media organizations and how the
public responded to them. Questions such as how the anti-illegal drugs policy
was framed in different events, whose voices were heard in social media
30
content, which types of content about the drug policy prompted more
interaction from the public, and how people interacted with them will be
explored.
At this point, it is important to note that with regard to the length of the
implementation of the anti-illegal drugs policy as another characteristic to look
at, only assumptions can be made as to how much more it would shape people’s
attitude and engagement in the future as this is a continuing policy that has been
executed for just over two years. Hints of how people’s judgement for other
policy interventions will be discussed in the last section instead based on their
interactions and comments on social media contents.
The next section will tackle the other side of the relationship between
public policy and people’s attitude and engagement. This will elaborate how
people reacted to the policy. It is in this section where analysis between two
controversial events that prompted some changes in the policy will be
discussed—the killing of a South Korean businessman by policemen in what
was called as a tokhang-for-ransom operation and the killing of a minor falsely
accused of being a drug courier. The differences between the two cases and
how these would matter to the reactions of the public will be explored. It will
also show how such reactions and opinions generated by these events affected
the implementation of the policy.
The last part will further discuss how the effects the policy had on
people in terms of the latter’s attitude towards the target population, the belief
of what is right or wrong, and their judgment of other policy interventions
shaped the on-going implementation of the policy. How people’s attitude and
engagement has influenced the course of the policy since its first
implementation in July 2016, as well as the possibility of people’s opinion
influencing other related policies will also be explored.
31
4.1 How Policy Affects People’s Attitude and Engagement
4.1.1 Direct Experience and Tangibility
In his campaign speeches, President Duterte promised to eradicate
illegal drugs and criminality in the country in three to six months upon his
assumption if he wins the election. He estimated the number of drug addicts in
the Philippines at about 3.7 million (Mangahas, et al., 2016). More than two
years since the launch of Duterte administration’s all-out war against illegal
drugs, the campaign has proved to be far from over and the extent of the policy
has continued to expand.
The Philippine National Police (PNP), as cited by Palatino (2017),
released statistics of the accomplishments of the government’s anti-illegal
drugs policy on January 07, 2017, six months since the beginning of the policy
and the end of the period by which Duterte initially promised to solve the
problem. According to the report, the government conducted 40,982 anti-illegal
drugs operations, visited more than six million houses of alleged drug
personalities in communities around the country, arrested 44,070 suspects, and
assisted the surrender of more than a million drug users and pushers. In terms
of casualties, the PNP claimed to have killed 2,206 drug personalities and lost
35 police officers and three soldiers during anti-illegal drugs operations in the
said period. Apart from these deaths in drug operations, the PNP also declared
that an additional 4,049 alleged drug personalities were killed by vigilantes—a
number believed by human rights groups, however, as killings also executed
and/or backed by state forces themselves, but which the latter denied. As early
as January 2017, critics have already raised their concerns with these numbers,
while supporters of the government saw this as an indication of the new
32
president’s strong political will to solve what he believed was a crisis (Palatino,
2017).
An investigation conducted by international media organization
Reuters and the Philippine Commission on Human Rights a month before these
official data were released indicated that police killed 100 and wounded three
in the 51 drug-related shooting cases they looked into, which registered a 97%
kill ratio. They even compared the figure to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, also with
cases of extrajudicial killings by policemen, and found out that Rio de Janeiro
posted only five people killed for every person injured. Human rights groups
and families of the victims worried that these numbers did not seem to match
the PNP’s claim that policemen were only forced to kill to defend themselves;
they suggested that the numbers and eyewitness accounts hinted the intention
of state forces to intentionally kill alleged drug personalities even without due
process and not just for self-defense (Baldwin, Marshall, & Sagolj, 2016).
As early as this first few months of the implementation of the anti-
illegal drugs policy, there has been confusion as to the number of total deaths
related to anti-illegal drugs operations. Media and human rights groups claimed
bigger figures in terms of deaths and casualties compared to those released by
government agencies, especially with regard to the number of cases of “deaths
under investigation,” which the PNP did not claim responsibility for
(Mangahas, et. al, 2016).
In its attempt to clarify the official figures related to the government’s
drug war, the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs (ICAD) launched
#RealNumbersPH in May 2017 (Cahiles, 2017). Government agencies member
of the ICAD consolidated regular reports regarding the implementation of the
anti-illegal drugs policy into #RealNumbersPH, a regular summary of the
achievements of the ICAD member-agencies. Usual items found in
#RealNumbersPH include the number of operations conducted, persons
33
arrested, persons who died in the operations, government workers arrested for
their involvement in illegal drugs, and value of drug money seized.
A sample summary of the data from #RealNumbersPH from July 01,
2016 until the period stated shows as follows (See Appendix A for the
consolidated data for previous months):
Sources: #RealNumbersPH Facebook Page
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. Data on Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign, July 01,
2016 to August 31, 2018. Sent through e-mail on October 22, 2018.
Philippine National Police. #RealNumbersPH Year 2: Towards A Drug-Cleared
Philippines from July 1, 2016 to August 31, 2018. Retrieved November 07,
2018, http://pnp.gov.ph/images/News/2018/RealNumbers/rn_83118.pdf.
Philippine National Police. #RealNumbersPH Year 2: Towards A Drug-Free
Philippines from July 1, 2016 to July 31, 2018. Retrieved November 07, 2018,
http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/News/2018/RealNumbers/rn_73118.pdf.
Analyzing these data reveals that from July 01, 2016 until September
30, 2018, 822 days of the implementation of the anti-illegal drug policy, an
average of 134 anti-illegal drugs operations were conducted, 192 alleged drug
personalities were arrested, and six people were killed each day. The 158,424
34
drug personalities arrested account for just about 4% of the 3.7 million drug
addicts estimated by President Duterte at the beginning of his term.
#RealNumbersPH data also recorded that 8,766 or about 43% of the total
number of drug affected barangays have been cleared as of September 2018.
Additional data from #RealNumbersPH revealed that of the 582 people
working in the government arrested, 43% were elected officials, 47% were
civilian employees, and the remaining 10% were uniformed personnel or those
employed by the PNP, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and other law
enforcement agencies. Publication of such data seemed to show the
administration’s commitment to cleanse the government and to warn the public
that even people from the government would not be spared from the war against
illegal drugs.
Despite this consolidated data from various government agencies, there
were still contentions on the accuracy and reliability of the official figures
related to the war on drugs throughout the implementation of the policy. For
example, on the first month of the weekly release of #RealNumbersPH, the
Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ), an independent, non-
profit media organization, reported some discrepancies in the figures
consolidated and publicized by the ICAD from those gathered by the PCIJ from
individual government agencies supposedly contributing to the
#RealNumbersPH figures, specifically in terms of the number of homicide
cases that were drug-related, non-drug related, and those still under
investigation, the number of anti-drug operations conducted, and the number of
drug personalities who surrendered, arrested, and killed (Mangahas, Lucero,
Maru, Carvajal, Antiquerra, 2017a).
Sample comparison made by the PCIJ from the data from
#RealNumbersPH and two offices of the PNP as of May 23, 2017 showed
discrepancies in official figures released.
35
Source: Mangahas, M., Lucero, V., Maru, D., Carvajal, N.C., & Antiquerra, J.R. (2017,
June 08). #RealNumbersPH unreal, inexact, locked in riddles. Philippine Center
for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from
http://pcij.org/stories/realnumbersph-unreal-inexact-locked-in-riddles/.
The PCIJ gathered data from the two offices of the PNP—the Directorate
for Operations and the Double Barrel Secretariat—for May 23, 2017 for 6:00am
and 6:00pm, respectively. Although under the same agency, notable differences
were seen in the data of the two offices in just a matter of 12 hours. Double
Barrel Secretariat recorded 176 more operations conducted than those posted
by the Directorate for Operations. Also higher were the number of people killed
during drug operations and those arrested. Further, none of the data matched
those released in #RealNumbersPH on the same day. Assuming that the
#RealNumbersPH data ended before 12 midnight of May 23, 2017, the
discrepancies were still significant from both the PNP offices as shown in the
last two columns showing the differences in figures.
Regardless of the discrepancies in figures related to the Duterte
administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy, what is clear is that it has affected a
lot of people in just over two years of its implementation. Human rights groups
have insisted on greater magnitude and extent of the policy compared to official
reports. Amnesty International (AI) even compared the number of casualties to
36
the 14-year martial law under former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos
from 1972 to January 1981, in which AI recorded 3,240 people killed, 34,000
tortured, and 70,000 imprisoned during Marcos’ dictatorship, proving that the
Duterte administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy has had a more extensive
effect on the populace in terms of casualties (Mangahas, et. al, 2016).
If the official data from the ICAD, the #RealNumbersPH, are to be
believed, the official count as of September 30, 2018 registered 158,424 drug
personalities arrested, 4,948 killed in drug operations, and 8,766 or about 21%
of more than 42,000 barangays in the Philippines cleared of illegal drugs
(#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page, #RealNumbersPH as of Sept. 30, 2018).
Human rights groups claimed, however, that the policy has resulted to a total
of about 12,000 deaths, with 54 minors killed in the first year, most of which
came from urban poor communities (The Guardian…, 2018). One opposition
Senator put the number at more than 20,000, combining both the reported
deaths during police operations and those homicide cases under investigation,
which were also purportedly related to the war on drugs (Emelia, 2018).
These numbers, varying and inconsistent as they may be, are only
conservative approximation of the extent of the anti-illegal drugs policy of the
administration as these only captured the effect the policy had on the actual
target population. What these did not capture was the effect on the other people
directly experiencing the policy as families, friends, acquaintances, and
neighbors of drug personalities who surrendered, were arrested, or killed—
which would account for an even greater number of people in communities and
barangays where anti-illegal drugs operations were conducted. Although the
policy was obvious directed at certain groups of people, operations, house-to-
house visits, as well as the resulting casualties affected people other than the
target population. With these perspective, we can say that the anti-illegal drugs
37
policy of the Duterte administration was already highly tangible policy even as
early as its first two years of implementation.
4.1.2 Indirect Experience and Visibility
Since the campaign period for the 2016 elections, Duterte have already
attracted lots of reactions from Filipinos inside and outside the country, as well
as the international community, because of his bold statements and brazen
attitude. His administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy did not fall short of
attracting equally varied and strong reactions from the people, not only because
of the apparent direct encounters and personal accounts people have had with
the policy but, also because the media—traditional and new forms—became a
crucial link between the policy and the people for the latter to become aware of
what was going on with the new president’s war on drugs.
The first few months of the implementation of the policy was
characterized by influx of daily news of drug buy bust operations, arrests, lists
of people in communities subject for investigation and house visits by police
operatives, shooting incidents, and deaths. The narrative of how a suspected
drug addict or pusher ends up dead became familiar—policemen were
conducting a drug buy-bust operation and the drug personality would shot the
first fire, forcing police officers to defend themselves, ensuing a firefight with
the suspect being killed in the end. Usually, the dead suspect would be found
with a gun and some sachets of methamphetamine (commonly called as shabu).
If not deaths in police operations, usual media reports would have dead men,
usually identified as suspected drug personalities, found by bystanders in
different locations, dumped in the same fashion, with placards tied around their
necks bearing words like “Drug pusher ako, huwag tularan” (“I am a drug
38
pusher. Do not become like me.”). People would only be left guessing as to
who committed the crime.
The researcher surveyed Facebook pages of top five identified media
organizations in the Philippines for the first two months of the implementation
of the anti-illegal drugs policy.
The five media organizations’ pages posted a total of 157 contents
related to the drug policy varying from straight news, featured articles, opinion
pieces, live videos, recorded videos, to photos in July 2016, the first month of
the policy. The number increased to 221 contents the following month or from
a daily average of five in July to seven in August 2016. (See Appendices B and
C for the database of policy-related contents posted by the five media
organizations surveyed on their Facebook pages in July and August 2016.)
Although the figures might appear small, since these are public pages,
39
Facebook allows these contents to be shared5 and posted by as many people or
users as possible—generating a wide reach of audience. Consolidated data
revealed that drug-related contents from the five Facebook pages were shared
more than 91,000 times in July and reached more than 200,000 in August 2016.
The number of shares of anti-illegal drugs policy contents more than doubled
in just two months. Therefore, although not directly experienced by other
citizens, the policy has started to become visible to others.
Topics covered by the social media would also give a hint of the
progress of the anti-illegal drugs policy in the first two months of
implementation. Content topics for July and August 2016 included the
following:
Table 4. Policy-Related Content Topics of Top
Media Organizations’ Facebook Pages
Number of
Contents
July
2016
August
2016
Status of the implementation, including statistics,
accomplishments, news about people who surrendered
and were arrested and killed
81 77
News about prominent and big-time drug personalities 22 48
Local reactions to the spate of killings and the
implementation of the policy 21 11
Reactions from international community 2 21
News and pronouncements about the Philippine National
Police as one of the implementors of the policy 13 8
Prospect of other related programs and policies to
support the war on drugs 9 6
Senate and Congressional probe on drug-related killings 4 24
Response of other government agencies on the
implementation of the drug war 2 18
Other related news 3 8
5 The SHARE function on a Facebook post allows users to re-post the same content on
their accounts or send the content to other users through the Facebook’s messaging
application Messenger.
40
As regards to contents, from July to August 2016, notable rise in the
number of contents related to prominent and big-time drug personalities,
reactions from international community, Senate and Congressional probe, and
responses of other government agencies on the implementation of the war on
drugs was observed. The increase in the number of news about prominent and
big-time drug personalities could be attributed to the time when President
Duterte released a list of military echelon, Supreme Court judges, and
politicians, including a member of the Senate who was a known critic of
Duterte, supposedly involved in illegal drug activities. With this, also came the
response of other government agencies like the Supreme Court and the
Commission on Human Rights on the implementation of the policy and the
alleged involvement of civilian and military officials in illegal drugs. Reactions
from international organizations and foreign governments also became featured
more as media picked up statements from the United States of America and the
United Nations, as well as the Philippine government’s response to them. The
beginning of the Senate inquiry on extrajudicial killings in August 2016 also
prompted the rise in the number of contents related to Senate and Congressional
probe.
The data shows that contents related to the anti-illegal drugs policy
during the first two months of implementation were still dominated by the voice
of the government. Going back to the second pathway by which policy
influences people’s attitude and engagement, as discussed by Pacheco (2013),
the information received by the public are usually influenced by the political
elites. The arrests of prominent and big-time personalities and the opportunity
provided by the media to the administration to answer and counter allegations
and criticisms thrown at them with regard to the policy were very crucial factors
in making the policy acceptable to the people. The image of prominent
personalities being arrested due to involvement in illegal drugs could send a
41
signal to the public on the government’s commitment and political will to end
drug abuse and drug trade regardless of who would be affected in the process.
Also, despite the gaining criticisms from the oppositions in the government,
human rights groups, and international community, the administration and the
implementors of the policy remained active in responding to them.
It can be noted that at this point, contents related to the war on drugs
from established media organizations was driven mostly by the developments
on the implementation of the policy. Ordinary people’s reactions remained on
the sideline in terms of the number of media exposure of citizens’ response to
the spate of killings and the implementation of the anti-illegal drugs policy.
Despite the limited number of contents dedicated to ordinary people’s reactions
to the drug war, this content type was still among the top that generated
Facebook users’ most number of interactions in terms of the number of likes or
reactions, shares, and comments6, alongside content about the status of the
implementation and prominent personalities involved in the drug war in July
2016. The number of likes or reactions, shares, and comments on a Facebook
content was seen as an indicator of the level of interest users have on that
particular content, making them interact with it more. This means that although
there was a limited number of contents focused on them, ordinary people’s
responses to and opinion on the policy was a topic that encouraged further
engagement of Facebook users.
6 Facebook allows users to interact with a content by liking or reacting, sharing, and
commenting on it. Users can LIKE or react to a content using different icons
corresponding to different emotions—like 👍, love ❤️, laugh 😂, smile ☺️, surprised
😯, sad 😢, and angry 😡. Users can also post COMMENTS on a content. They can
also post the same content on their own accounts or send it to their Facebook friends
using SHARE. Number of likes and reactions, shares, and comments are shown in the
content.
42
4.2 How People’s Attitude and Engagement Affect Policy
We have discussed how tangibility and visibility of the anti-illegal
drugs policy have influenced people’s attitude and engagement in its first two
months. It is important to look at how the policy progressed in the succeeding
months and how, in the course of its implementation, it further shaped public
opinion. At this point, however, it is equally crucial to look at how these
responses from the people also influenced the course of the policy.
Two significant events will be looked at to illustrate this. The first is
the killing of a South Korean businessman in what many called as a tokhang-
for-ransom incident and the second is the killing of minor in a questionable
drug operation in a city in Metro Manila.
4.2.1 Tokhang-for-Ransom and the Killing of Jee Ick-joo
On January 8, 2017, Inquirer.net ran a story about a South Korean
businessman named Jee Ick-joo who had been missing since October 2016 and
was allegedly kidnapped my police officers in the guise of a drug raid in his
home, or what was tagged as tokhang-for-ransom, a play on the strategy of the
PNP to visit houses of drug personalities and urge them to surrender to the
authorities (Quismundo, 2017; Fonbuena, 2017). Tokhang is based on Filipino
Visayan words toktok, which means knock, and hangyo or request (Fonbuena.
2017). Based on Inquirer’s interview with Choi Kyung-jin, Jee Ick-joo’s wife,
Jee and their househelp were abducted on October 18, 2016 by men who
introduced themselves as police officers and accused Jee of involvement in
drug activities; the househelp was eventually freed by the abductors. By the end
of the month, Choi received a call from the abductors asking ransom money
worth eight million pesos (about US$150,000) in exchange for her husband’s
freedom. She coordinated with the kidnappers and paid five million pesos
43
(around US$100,000) without telling the authorities investigating the
kidnapping, but Jee was not released (Quismundo, 2017). On January 11, 2017,
then PNP Chief, Police Director Ronald M. Dela Rosa ordered a manhunt for
the cop, who was found out to be a member of the PNP Anti-Illegal Drugs
Group, and other suspects involved in the kidnapping of Jee (PNP Facebook
Page, 2017). The following week, the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
and the PNP confirmed that Jee is already dead and he was killed inside the
headquarters of the PNP (Fonbuena, 2017). It was later found out during the
investigation that his body was cremated after death certificates and other
documents required for cremation were forged and his ashes were flushed down
the toilet (Carvajal & Maru, 2017).
What followed was a series of investigation by the PNP, the NBI, the
Department of Justice, and a Senate inquiry on the death of Jee Ick-joo as high-
ranking officials from the PNP, aside from the ones who actually kidnapped
Jee, were also implicated to have master-minded the operation. By the end of
January 2016, President Duterte ordered the PNP to stop all anti-illegal drugs
operations nationwide and to focus instead on cleansing its ranks. The order
meant that policemen were not allowed to conduct buy-bust operations and to
apply for and serve search warrants connected to illegal drugs. The PNP was
still allowed to do administrative coordination with other agencies regarding
the anti-illegal drugs policy, arrest those caught in the act of doing a crime, and
serve warrants of arrest to drug personalities as a regular anti-crime procedure.
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) was tasked to take over the
lead in the anti-illegal drugs campaign (Cupin, 2017).
In about a month since the suspension of the PNP’s involvement in the
drug war, however, President Duterte ordered the PNP back to the anti-illegal
drugs campaign, citing lack of manpower in his administration’s fight against
insurgency, terrorism, and drugs without the PNP onboard. Former PDEA chief
44
also noted that the government’s anti-illegal drugs operations dropped by 75%
when President Duterte suspended PNP from the operations and admitted that
the PDEA could not sustain its campaign without the PNP. To avoid the
incident similar to the kidnapping and killing of Jee Ick-joo in the guise of anti-
illegal drugs operations, however, President Duterte asked the PNP chief to
form task forces composed of policemen without derogatory records to handle
drug cases instead of involving all of its manpower (Macas, 2017).
4.2.2 The Death of Kian Loyd Delos Santos Caught on
CCTV
Another case that would be crucial in the implementation of the Duterte
administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy was the killing of a 17-year-old
teenager accused of being a drug courier. In the morning of August 17, 2017, a
news broke out regarding the death of a minor in an anti-illegal drugs operation
conducted by police operatives the night before. News reports identified the
victim as Kian Loyd Delos Santos, a Grade 11 student in Caloocan City, part
of the National Capital Region. The policemen and the neighbors of Delos
Santos recalled different versions of what happened that night. Based on the
initial investigation report by the Caloocan City police, which was obtained by
Rappler, at around 8:00 pm that night, police officers were conducting an anti-
illegal drugs operation when Delos Santos, after seeing them coming, fled from
the policemen. Allegedly holding a gun, Delos Santos fired at the policemen as
he was trying to escape, so the operatives were forced to fire back in self-
defense. He was eventually killed by the policemen and a caliber-.45 gun and
sachets of methamphetamine were recovered from him. A drug personality
arrested in the area close to Delos Santos’ place a few days after the latter was
45
killed testified about the teenager’s involvement in drug activities as a drug
courier (Talabong, 2017).
Delos Santos’ neighbors, eyewitnesses, and the CCTV in the barangay
that caught a footage of him being dragged by men, allegedly the policemen
who killed him, told a different story. According to them, Delos Santos was
seen being dragged by policemen to a dark alley in his neighborhood. He was
heard pleading to the policemen. The CCTV did not show him armed and
eyewitnesses testified that he was forcibly given a gun by the policemen, was
asked to run, and was shot dead (Talabong, 2017). Delos Santos’ family and
friends maintained his innocence and denied the accusations that he was a drug
courier.
The death of Delos Santos sparked varied reactions from ordinary
people, civic and church groups, people in the government, politicians in the
oppositions, as well as those who were allies of President Duterte, and even the
international community. Separate investigations were conducted by the PNP,
the NBI, the Department of Justice, the Commission on Human Rights, the
Public Attorney’s Office, and the Philippine Senate. All seemed to point out
foul play in the conduct of the anti-illegal drugs operation that killed Delos
Santos (Talabong, 2017; Buan, 2017; Reformina, 2017; Cordero, 2017). Even
President Duterte, who said in his previous statements that he would protect
policemen doing their jobs relative to the anti-illegal drugs campaign, called for
an investigation and promised justice for Delos Santos. Members of the
Caloocan City police responsible for Delos Santos’ death were relieved from
their posts (Bajo, 2017). Foreign governments and international organizations
also issued statements of condolences and support for calls for justice for Delos
Santos (Esmaquel, 2017).
Amidst all the on-going investigations surrounding Delos Santos’
death, the ordinary people’s response became noticeable. Protests, rallies,
46
gatherings—even among overseas Filipino workers in Hong Kong, Saudi
Arabia, London, Canada, Italy, Australia, South Korea, New Zealand,
Thailand, and Japan—and a funeral march were held demanding justice for
Delos Santos and the other victims of extrajudicial killings from the
government’s war against drugs (Pasion, 2017; Hapal 2017; Layug, 2017).
Due to the controversies and the public outcry resulting from Delos
Santos’ death, for the second time in 2017, President Duterte suspended again
the PNP from its involvement in the drug war through a memorandum dated
October 10, 2017, emphasizing instead the role of the PDEA in enforcing an
existing law aimed at eradicating illegal drugs in the country—Republic Act
No. 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. All other agencies
and all ad hoc task forces performing anti-illegal drugs campaigns and
operations, including the PNP, were ordered to leave to the PDEA all such
duties. All information concerning illegal drugs should be brought to the
attention of the PDEA for its action (Office of the President, 2017b).
Almost two months after, in a new memorandum issued by President
Duterte, he ordered again the PNP and other law enforcement agencies back to
supporting the PDEA in the anti-illegal drug operations. Cited as reasons for
doing so were the PDEA’s insufficient number of agents and operatives to
cover anti-illegal drugs operations in drug-affected municipalities and barangay
levels, the resurgence of illegal drug activities and drug-related crimes due to
the lack of law enforcement forces to curtail such, and the public clamor to
bring back the active support of the PNP and other agencies to the PDEA.
Duterte ordered the PDEA to continue leading anti-illegal drug efforts and
coordinate all activities and operations of other law enforcement agencies
through the ICAD (OP, 2017c).
Although suspended from its direct involvement in the anti-illegal
drugs policy for only two months, the event seemed to have pushed the PNP to
47
once again look at its organization and assess its conduct and implementation
of the policy. In January 29, 2018, a month after President Duterte ordered the
PNP back to the anti-illegal drugs campaigns and operations, the PNP
relaunched its house-to-house anti-illegal drugs operation called Oplan
Tokhang Reloaded with new and stricter guidelines for its operatives with the
intent of implementing a bloodless war on drugs (Talabong, 2018; Center for
Media Freedom and Responsibility, 2018; ABS-CBN News, 2018). The
following are some of the significant points included in the new guidelines in
implementing the PNP’s Oplan Tokhang:
Source: ABS-CBN News. (2018, January 29). TOKHANG RELOADED: PNP’s
new guidelines. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved https://news.abs-
cbn.com/focus/01/29/18/tokhang-reloaded-pnps-new-guidelines.
Figure 2. TOKHANG RELOADED: PNP’s New Guidelines for
‘Tokhangers’ in Implementing Oplan Tokhang
• From 8am to 5pm, Mondays to Fridays only
• Compliant with the rule of law and respect for human rights
• Based on verified intelligence reports
• Targets only those included in an official list
• Conducted by a “Tokhang Team” composed of four qualified police officers
led by a deputy chief of police
• Joined by a representative from the barangay council, human rights group, or
religious sector
• Operatives are encouraged to use body cameras
• Operative must wear proper uniform during operations
• Operative may not enter a suspect’s house
• Operative must not engage hostile suspects
• Uncooperative suspects must be reported to the police Drug Enforcement Unit
for case buildup
• Post-mission reports must be submitted by each team
• Higher-ranking officials must be responsible for their subordinates and may
face sanctions in case of mission irregularities
• Those who surrender must go to the nearest barangay hall accompanied by a
relative
• Minor offenders who will surrender must be accompanied by a parent or a
legal guardian to the nearest social welfare office
• Taking of suspects’ mugshots and fingerprints is voluntary
48
Notable in this guideline is the emphasis on the compliance with the
“rule of law and respect for human rights” and conduct of the operations “based
on verified intelligence reports” (ABS-CBN News, 2018). It should be noted
that the reactions of the public to Delos Santos’ death were primarily driven by
the operatives’ apparent disregard of human rights by the way the minor was
dragged and killed by multiple gunshots. It was also discovered during the
investigation that the supposed arrest of Delos Santos was a result of unverified
reports alleging the kid as a drug courier.
4.2.3 People’s Reactions to Jee Ick-joo and Kian Delos
Santos’ Deaths and Their Implication on the Anti-Illegal
Drugs Policy
Although not of the same magnitude, both Jee Ick-joo and Kian Loyd
Delos Santos’ deaths became crucial events in the course of the implementation
of the Duterte administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy and attracted media and
people’s reactions. The factors surrounding the deaths of Jee and Delos Santos,
the people’s reactions to both incidents, and their implications on the policy can
be analyzed using tangibility, visibility, and length of the policy.
In terms of tangibility, Delos Santos’ death had more impact on the
Filipinos as it was a clear example of the usual narrative of killings in drug
operations heard almost every day over the past year since the implementation
of the policy in July 2016, only this time it was visualized with the CCTV
footage showing how it actually happened unlike in most cases where the
narratives were told by eyewitnesses and secondary informants. The impact
was even made stronger by the fact that the one killed was a minor, described
by his family and friends as being a good and responsible son and student—
also part of the narrative claimed by other victims and casualties of the war on
49
drugs, who were supposedly innocents. Delos Santos’ death represented the
mounting fear of ordinary people with the growing number of drug-related
deaths that what happened to him could also happen to others.
On the other hand, Jee’s case was a bit more unusual and not commonly
heard of incident in the course of Duterte’s drug war. Although there were news
and rumors of policemen being involved in extortion activities, the facts
surrounding Jee’s killing were not of a storyline heard everyday. Although
people were shocked at the atrociousness of his death and they criticized the
policemen who killed Jee, it was not something anyone could easily relate with
and the effect was not as emotional and taken as personal compared to the death
of a minor caught by a CCTV and heard by his neighbors pleading to his killers.
In terms of visibility of the cases, the researcher looked at the contents
of media organizations’ Facebook pages for the two-week period following the
news of Jee’s and of Delos Santos’ deaths and found out that across all the
Facebook pages of the top media organizations, more contents were posted
about Delos Santos. The average of people’s interactions with the contents (i.e.,
likes or reactions, shares, and comments) were also higher in posts about Delos
Santos than those about Jee in all Facebook pages, except in News5.
Table 5. Comparison of Interactions with Facebook Contents of Top Media
Organizations on Jee Ick-joo* and Kian Loyd Delos Santos**
Number of
Content
Average
Likes/
Reactions
Average
Shares
Average
Comments
Rappler Jee Ick-joo 26 334 34 161
Delos Santos 34 1339 188 325
GMA News Jee Ick-joo 15 1,034 50 133
Delos Santos 60 2,239 133 900
Inquirer.net Jee Ick-joo 6 314 74 45
Delos Santos 32 2,186 589 763
ABS-CBN
News
Jee Ick-joo 9 840 14 57
Delos Santos 20 3,500 338 1,190
News5 Jee Ick-joo 33 1,684 397 544
Delos Santos 44 1,282 74 541
*Data from January 08-31, 2017
**Data from August 18-31, 2017
50
The timing of Jee’s case and that of Delos Santos’ could also be another
factor why people had different responses toward them, which is related to the
length of exposure to the policy. Jee was kidnapped and killed in October 2016
and the news broke out in January 2017, just six months since the policy was
introduced, while Delos Santos was killed in August 2017, more than a year
since the war on drugs started. Going back to Pacheco’s (2013) Attitudinal
Policy Feedback, it is assumed that the longer people have been exposed to a
policy, the stronger their opinion become toward that policy.
To elaborate, the Philippine National Police became very controversial
in both the Jee Ick-joo and the Kian Loyd Delos Santos’ cases primarily because
of its crucial role in the implementation of the Duterte administration’s anti-
illegal drugs policy. It was the policemen, more than any law enforcement
agents, who were more visible in anti-illegal drugs campaigns and operations,
especially in the barangay and municipal levels where its operatives conducted
house-to-house visits. They were the ones interacting more with the people. It
was almost easy to connect the administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy to the
PNP. If people have already been exposed to the corruption, misconducts, and
wrongdoings of some forces in the PNP and how some of them have used the
war on drugs for their own evil interests as shown in the killing of Jee Ick-joo,
then it would be very likely that another similar incident involving them would
generate much stronger reaction from the public, which what could have
happened to Delos Santos’s case. The PNP has already been marked for the
misconduct and corruption of some of its members during Jee’s case and Delos
Santos’ death exposed the weaknesses, incompetence, and abuse of the
institution all the more, resulting to stronger reactions from the public.
In addition, the rising number of deaths and casualties associated to the
PNP’s anti-illegal drug operations and the resistance and growing criticisms of
human rights groups, people in the government, and the international
51
community as the policy progressed could have also created a strong
impression of the PNP being responsible to drug-related extrajudicial killings,
so an incident like Delos Santos’ death further generated such negative
response from the people.
Another difference between the two cases was the focus of the blame
on the incident. In the case of Jee Ick-joo, the focus of the government
investigating the incident as well as the various reactions generated by the news
was the cops responsible for his death. It was treated very uniquely from other
killings done related to the war on drugs. The death of Delos Santos, however,
was easily tied and associated to the other drug-related killings; hence, the focus
of the media content and the responses from various groups of people were not
just toward the police officers who committed the crime, but toward the policy
itself. Delos Santos’ death was not only blamed on the cops, but seemingly on
the institution and, to some extent, the policy itself for giving so much
discretion on the operatives conducting the operations and the lack of clear
guidelines in the conduct of the implementation of the policy. It should be noted
that people’s call for justice for Delos Santos’ death and their criticisms on the
policy were no longer just expressed in social media platforms but were brought
to the streets through demonstrations and rallies. It was after Delos Santos’
death and the PNP’s suspension from the policy that a new set of guidelines
were formulated to address the issues in the conduct of anti-illegal drugs
operations.
4.3 The Future of the Policy
Apart from the immediate changes in the implementation of the policy
following crucial events, there are other aspects to look at if we would like to
know the prospect of the policy. Going back to Pacheco’s (2013) discussion,
52
tangible policy can influence different facets of mass attitudes: 1) their
perspective and attitude toward the policy’s target population, 2) their
normative views of right and wrong, and 3) their judgment of other policy
interventions. With policy influencing these facets and with the knowledge of
the capacity of people’s attitude and engagement with the policy to shape the
course of the latter on the other hand, analyzing these aspects of the mass
attitude is important in anticipating people’s likely response to the policy in the
continued course of its implementation.
In order to see this, the researcher looked into people’s comments,
statements, and opinions using the most commented drug-related contents on
each media organization’s Facebook pages to have a glimpse of what was still
the dominant attitude, the on-going debates, and other policy proposals that
people came up with in relation to the current policy. Using the three facets of
mass attitudes proposed by Pacheco (2013), people’s comments were
categorized into those three facets.
In the samples selected, it was observed that comments usually fell
under the first category—people’s view of the target population, the drug
addicts and pushers. The conversation was centered on whether it was justified
to execute and kill drug personalities. Those who expressed their concern about
the spate of killings usually argued for the use of due process and legitimate
ways of dealing with the drug abusers. Those who agreed with the killings of
drug personalities, on the other hand, justified the reasoning because of their
wrongdoings. They also raised question as to whether people would rather have
innocent victims of criminals and drug addicts killed over the death of these
criminals. This observation seemed to resound what Curato (2016) said about
Duterte’s rhetoric during his campaign, which played out the dichotomy
between law-abiding citizens versus criminals and drug personalities. The
53
result was that the law-abiding citizens would justify the killing of people they
saw as criminals and drug personalities who pose threat to their security.
The role of identifying the target population and ascribing the effect of
the policy on them lies in the government. As early as his campaign, Duterte
had been vocal in expressing his desire to use force, if necessary, to eliminate
drugs and criminality in the Philippines. His pronouncements about drug
addicts and how he viewed them as criminals deserving of punishment were
crucial in influencing how people perceived them. They activated people’s
opinion of them and their belief of the kind of punishment they deserve. The
opinion of some Facebook users seemed to echo the same rhetoric, justifying
the killings of drug personalities—whether done in self-defense as claimed by
police operatives or execution-style as news reports described—because they
were identified as different from them and as threats to their security.
As regard to the second category, people’s normative views of right or
wrong were centered on the justification of the anti-illegal drugs policy and of
President Duterte himself. People justified the war on drugs of the
administration as part of the narrative of Duterte’s campaign promise of
“Change is coming.” Despite recognition of the sacrifices that came with the
policy, they saw it as part of the change that was promised by the new
administration, to which people should abide in order for that promise to come
to realization.
With regard to the spate of killings that result from the drug war, the
usual justification was that surely not all killings were executed by police forces
and that some killings might have actually been done by drug personalities
themselves to prevent the others from implicating them. This, again, echoed the
statements coming from the PNP that claimed at one point that the killings were
done by vigilante groups and, at some point, was done by bigtime drug pushers
themselves to prevent other drug personalities from surrendering to the
54
authorities and pointing at them. Some people also supported the PNP’s claim
that policemen were only forced to shoot and kill to defend themselves.
The other side of the debate on whether the policy was right or wrong,
especially when it comes to the number of drug-related deaths were usually
focused on the deaths of innocent people, who were wrongfully accused of
being drug addicts or pushers and those who were considered collateral
casualties of the drug war. They argued that the problem with the war on drugs
was that it was not only killing the drug addicts and criminals but the innocent
ones as well. The conduct of the war on drugs also disregarded the rule of law
and due process.
The third category, which relates to the prospect of other policy
interventions, comprised of comments about the revival of death penalty to drug
addicts and hard criminals and also the institutionalization of police reforms.
Like how people justified the killings that resulted from the government’s war
on drugs, commenters were also keen on having the revival of death penalty in
order to punish hard criminals and drug personalities. Some people, on the other
hand, called for stronger police reforms after the involvement of policemen in
drug-related controversies. Since it became the forefront of the Duterte
administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy, it was natural for people to associate
the results of all anti-illegal drugs campaigns or operations to the PNP
regardless of the participation of other law enforcement agencies’ participation
in the drug war.
Apart from these categories, people’s comments on drug-related
contents also had political dimension—the dichotomy between the Duterte’s
supporters, tagged as die-hard Duterte supporters (DDS), and those who raise
opposition and criticisms to the president, who were always categorized and
framed by DDS as dilawans (yellows). The color yellow became associated to
former President Corazon C. Aquino and later on to former President
55
Benigno C. Aquino, III, immediate predecessor of President Duterte. People
who criticize the policies of President Duterte were immediately labelled as
dilawans by his supporters regardless if they actually support the Aquinos or
not. In contents that tackled criticisms and opposing views to the policy,
people’s comments were more focused on the politics rather than the merit of
the argument, believing that these were more politically motivated criticisms
against President Duterte.
All these reactions of the people toward the anti-illegal drugs policy of
the Duterte administration showed a great division among the people’s opinion
on the policy and its results. While the narrative of the Duterte campaign has
continued to be imbibed and propagated by his supporters in social media
platforms, opposing opinions have surfaced because of the events that
questioned the effect of the policy.
Despite some notable events that have challenged the Duterte
administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy by exposing its loopholes and the
weaknesses of the institutions and government agencies that are at the forefront
of its implementations, it seems that the rhetoric and the narrative portrayed by
the administration, the PNP, and the agencies responsible for the war on drugs
have continued to dominate social media conversation as reflected in the
number and strength of these opinions online. The result was people’s
continued support of the policy and of the administration of implementing such
policy.
This do not disregard, however, that the opposing opinions’ and
reactions from those who disagreed with the policy or some aspects of the
policy could not still influence the policy as long as the dominant narrative is
being accepted. As shown in the events surrounding the death of Delos Santos,
and to some extent even that of Jee’s, although a policy could not be easily
abolished, public opinion still has the potential to shape it or influence
56
modifications, transformation, or changes in the current policy. Apart from the
characteristics of the policy related to tangibility and visibility, the key in Delos
Santos’ case and the resulting reaction of the public was that it exposed the
weaknesses of the aspects of the policy, in this case, the PNP as an institution
at the forefront of the implementation of the policy. Hence, although Delos
Santos’ death and people’s clamor for justice and abolishment of the policy did
not put a stop to the policy, it opened the door for changes and possibly reform
in an institution that is crucial in the policy.
57
Chapter 6. Conclusion
President Rodrigo R. Duterte administration’s anti-illegal drugs policy
has been a very controversial since its implementation in July 2016 when he
assumed his position. It is no doubt that the policy has affected and reached a
great number of people despite the differences in official statistics and the
counts of media and non-government organizations and human rights groups
monitoring the policy. The policy’s visibility through its exposure by the media
has also extended its reach or visibility even to people who were not directly
affected by it. With regard to the length of the policy as another aspect to be
looked at in Pacheco’s (2013) model, it was noted that only assumptions can be
made as to how much more it would shape people’s attitude and engagement in
the future since the policy has been executed for just over two years.
The media, specifically those with presence online and in social
networking sites, have played a significant role in showing which voices
became dominant in particular events and which content captured the interest
of and generated reactions and interaction from the people, and in providing
venues for people to voice out their opinion of the policy. As a result, we have
seen the dominant narratives perpetuated by the administration and the
implementors of the policy and supported and echoed by ordinary people in the
internet.
The overall support for the Duterte administration’s anti-illegal drugs
policy has remained strong as reflected by the people’s comments on how they
justify the killings and the questionable procedures and lack of due process, and
how they still view opposing opinions and criticisms of the policy as politically
motivated actions against President Duterte.
58
This leaves us now the question regarding the capacity of people’s
engagement to shape the policy. We have seen the example of the death of Kian
Loyd Delos Santos and how it generated public outrage that eventually brought
some changes in the implementation of the policy. What is important to note in
that particular incident is that the response of the people to his killing was not
limited to online discourse. Exchange of online opinions and reactions among
people provided a crucial impetus for people to move, but it did not stop there.
It was brought to the streets, the public outrage was picked up by other
government and non-government entities, even the international community.
The death of Delos Santos’ and the resulting public response it
generated also became crucial in exposing the weaknesses of the Philippine
National Police as the primary institution implementing the policy. The series
of events following Delos Santos’ death pushed the agency to evaluate itself as
an organization and to introduce modifications in the implementation of the
policy.
Therefore, while the anti-illegal drugs policy as a highly tangible and
visible policy was able to influence people’s attitude and engagement, the latter
was also notable for its capability to shape the course of the implementation of
the former.
59
Bibliography
ABS-CBN News. (2018, January 29). TOKHANG RELOADED: PNP’s new
guidelines. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved https://news.abs-
cbn.com/focus/01/29/18/tokhang-reloaded-pnps-new-guidelines.
Bajo, A. F. (2017, August 19). Caloocan police chief sacked pending probe on
Kian’s killing. GMA News Online. Retrieved from
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/622540/caloocan-
police-chief-sacked-pending-probe-on-kian-s-killing/story/.
Baldwin, C., Marshall, A.R.C., & Sagolj, D. (2016, December 05). Good
Shots: Police rack up an almost perfectly deadly record in Philippine
drug war. Reuters. Retrieved November 09, 2018,
https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/philippines-duterte-
police/.
Beland, D. (2010). “Reconsidering Policy Feedback: How Policies Affect
Politics” Administration and Society, 42(5), 568-590. DOI:
10.1177/0095399710377444
Bondoc, M. R. (2017, August 18). 3 Caloocan cops relieved from posts over
killing of student during drug ops. GMA News Online. Retrieved from
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/622382/3-caloocan-
cops-relieved-over-student-s-death-during-drug-ops/story/.
Brundidge, J. S. (2008). The internet and the contemporary public sphere: In
search of “accessibility,” “traversability,” and “heterogeneity” at the
nexus of news use and political discussion (Order No. 3330463).
Available from ProQuest Central Korea; ProQuest Dissertations &
Theses Global. (304658633). Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/docview/304658633?accountid=6802
Buan, L. (2017, August 22). 2 shots in the ears, 1 in the back killed Kian –
PAO autopsy. Rappler. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/nation/179454-pao-acosta-murder-charges-
kian-delos-santos.
Bueza, M. (2016, September 13). IN NUMBERS: The Philippines' 'war on
drugs'. Rappler. Retrieved December 19, 2017,
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/145814-numbers-statistics-
philippines-war-drugs
60
Cahiles, G. (2017, May 03). Gov’t forum clarifies numbers in Duterte’s war
on drugs. CNN Philippines. Retrieved November 10, 2018,
http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/03/statistics-Duterte-war-on-
drugs.html.
Campbell, A. L. (2007). Chapter 6: Universalism, Targeting, and
Participation. In J. Soss, J. S. Hacker, & S. Mettler (Eds.), Remaking
America: Democracy and Public Policy in an Age of Inequality (pp. 27-
56). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Carvajal, N. C. & Maru, D. S. (2017, January 24). Jee Ick Joo cremated as
Filipino ‘Jose Ruamar Salvador’. GMA News Online. Retrieved from
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/specialreports/596864/jee-
ick-joo-cremated-as-filipino-jose-ruamar-salvador/story/.
Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. (2018, January 31). Tokhang
Re-launched: What the Public Needs to Know. Retrieved http://cmfr-
phil.org/media-ethics-responsibility/journalism-review/tokhang-re-
launched-what-the-public-needs-to-know/.
Cordero, J. T. (2017, August 31). DOJ to consolidate PAO, NBI raps vs. cops
in Kian slay case. GMA News Online. Retrieved from
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/624074/doj-to-
consolidate-pao-nbi-raps-vs-cops-in-kian-slay-case/story/
Cupin, B. (2017, January 30). PNP out of drug war means end to ‘tokhang,’
buy-bust. Rappler. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/nation/159931-pnp-dela-rosa-stop-drug-
operations-focus-cleansing.
Curato, N. (2016). “Politics of Anxiety, Politics of Hope: Penal Populism and
Duterte’s Rise to Power” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs,
35(3), 91-109. Retrieved February 27, 2018, https://journals.sub.uni-
hamburg.de/giga/jsaa/issue/view/147
Dangerous Drugs Board Twitter Page. #RealNumbersPH as of 29 August
2017. Retrieved November 08, 2018,
https://twitter.com/DDBgov/media.
Dangerous Drugs Board Twitter Page. #RealNumbersPH as of July 26, 2017.
Retrieved November 08, 2018, https://twitter.com/DDBgov/media.
Dangla, D. (2016, April 23). How social media is shaping the 2016 elections.
ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 29, 2016, from
http://news.abscbn.com/halalan2016/focus/04/22/16/how-social-media-
isshaping-the-2016-elections
61
Emelia, C. (2018, February 21). Trillanes calls on Senate to defend De Lima,
press freedom, right to life. Rappler. Retrieved November 11, 2018,
https://www.rappler.com/nation/196573-trillanes-privilege-speech-de-
lima-press-freedom-extrajudicial-killings.
Esmaquel, P. II (2018, August 22). U.S. calls for ‘full accountability’ in Kian
delos Santos killing. Rappler. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/nation/179645-us-ambassador-sung-kim-kian-
delos-santos-killing.
Fonbuena, C. (2017, January 22). Murder inside Camp Crame: A tangled tale
of crime. Rappler. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/nation/159140-korean-businessman-murder-
pnp-tangled-tale-crime.
Gainous, J., Marlowe, A, & Wagner, K. (2013). “Traditional Cleavages or a
New World: Does Online Social Networking Bridge the Political
Participation Divide?” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and
Society, 26(2), 145-158. DOI: 10.1007/s10767-013-9130-2
Gavilan, J. (2017, November 21). What do gov't circulars 'operationalizing'
Duterte's war on drugs say? Rappler. Retrieved December 19, 2017,
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fast-facts/189132-philippine-
government-circulars-duterte-drug-war
Habermas, J. (1989). Social Structures of the Public Sphere. In J. Habermas,
The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a
Category of Bourgeois Society (T. Burger, Trans., pp. 27-56).
Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Hapal, D.K. (2017, August 25). In Photos: OFWs protest Kian slay. Rappler.
Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/nation/179992-ofws-black-
friday-protest.
Inquirer,net. (2016, May 27). Final results: 2016 presidential and vice
presidential canvass. Inquirer.net. Retrieved December 19, 2017, from
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/787867/philippine-elections-final-results-
2016-congressional-canvass-presidential-vice-president-race
Kingdon J. W. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Boston:
Little, Brown.
Macas, T. (2017, February 28). After suspension following Jee slay Duterte
‘calls back’ PNP for drug war. GMA News Online. Retrieved from
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/601394/duterte-calls-
back-pnp-for-drug-war/story/.
62
Mangahas, M., Ilagan, K., Lucero, V., & Maru, D. (2016, September 19). War
on drug: No EO signed by DU30, a chaos of numbers. Philippine
Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved October 28, 2018, from
http://pcij.org/stories/war-on-drugs-no-eo-signed-by-du30-a-chaos-of-
numbers/.
Mangahas, M., Lucero, V., Maru, D., Carvajal, N.C., & Antiquerra, J.R.
(2017, June 08a). #RealNumbersPH unreal, inexact, locked in riddles.
Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved November
10, 2018, from http://pcij.org/stories/realnumbersph-unreal-inexact-
locked-in-riddles/.
Mangahas, M., Lucero, V., Maru, D., Carvajal, N.C., & Antiquerra, J.R.
(2017, June 08b). PCIJ findings: What’s flawed, fuzzy with drug war
numbers. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved
November 11, 2018, from http://pcij.org/stories/pcij-findings-whats-
flawed-fuzzy-with-drug-war-numbers/.
Office of the President of the Philippines. (2017, March 06). Executive Order
No. 15 “Creation of an Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs
(ICAD) and Anti-Illegal Drug Task Force to Suppress the Drug
Problem in the Country.”
Office of the President of the Philippines. (2017, October 10). Memorandum
From the President: Implementation on Republic Act 9165 Otherwise
Known as the “ Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002.
Office of the President of the Philippines (2017, December 05). Memorandum
Order No. 17 Directing the Philippine National Police and Other Law
Enforcement Agencies to Resume Providing Active Support to the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency in the Conduct of Anti-Illegal
Drug Operations.
Pacheco, J. (2013). Attitudinal Policy Feedback and Public Opinion: The
Impact of Smoking Bans on Attitudes Towards Smokers, Secondhand
Smoke, and Antismoking Policies. Public Opinion Quarterly, 77(3),
714-734. Retrieved December 04, 2017,
https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-abstract/77/3/714/1944128
Palatino, M. (2017, January 09). Duterte’s ‘War on Drugs’ in the Philippines:
By the Numbers. The Diplomat. Retrieved November 09, 2018, from
https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/dutertes-war-on-drugs-in-the-
philippines-by-the-numbers/.
Pasion, P. (2017, August 21). After Kian delos Santos slay, OFWs urged to
‘reflect on Duterte’s flaws.’ Rappler. Retrieved from
63
https://www.rappler.com/nation/179450-kian-delos-santos-slay-ofws-
urged-reflect-duterte-flaws.
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. Data on Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign,
July 01, 2016 to August 31, 2018. Sent through e-mail on October 22,
2018.
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. #RealNumbersPH Update: Towards A
Drug-Free Philippines from July 1, 2016 to March 20, 2018. Retrieved
November 07, 2018, http://pdea.gov.ph/2-uncategorised/279-
realnumbersph.
Philippine National Police. Command Memorandum Circular No. 16-2016
“PNP Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign Plan – Project: “Double Barrel”
dated July 1, 2016
Philippine National Police. #RealNumbersPH Update: Towards A Drug-Free
Philippines from July 1, 2016 to January 17, 2018. Retrieved November
07, 2018, http://pnp.gov.ph/images/News/rn_0117.pdf.
Philippine National Police. #RealNumbersPH Year 2: Towards A Drug-
Cleared Philippines from July 1, 2016 to August 31, 2018. Retrieved
November 07, 2018,
http://pnp.gov.ph/images/News/2018/RealNumbers/rn_83118.pdf.
Philippine National Police. #RealNumbersPH Year 2: Towards A Drug-Free
Philippines from July 1, 2016 to July 31, 2018. Retrieved November
07, 2018,
http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/News/2018/RealNumbers/rn_73118.pdf
Philippine National Police Facebook Page. (2017, January 11). Dela Rosa
Orders Manhunt for AWOL Cop in Kidnapping of Korean Trader.
Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/pnp.pio/posts/1393644384010147:0.
Pierson, P. (1994). Interest, institutions, and policy feedback. In P. Pierson
(Ed.), Dismantling the Welfare State? Regan, Thatcher, and the Politics
of Retrenchment (pp. 27-52). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Quismundo, T. (2017, January 08). Is Sokor businessman victim of ‘tokhang
for ransom?’ Inquirer.net. Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/860275/is-sokor-businessman-victim-of-
tokhang-for-ransom/.
Reformina, I. (2017, August 30). DOJ forms 3-member panel to handle Kian
slay case. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved from https://news.abs-
64
cbn.com/news/08/30/17/doj-forms-3-member-panel-to-handle-kian-
slay-case.
Sinpeng, A. (2016, May 12). How Duterte Won the Election on Facebook.
New Mandala. Retrieved May 29, 2018, from
http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2016/05/12/how-duterte-
won-theelection-on-facebook/
Soss, J. & Schram, S.F. (2007). “A Public Transformed? Welfare Reform as
Policy Feedback.” American Political Science Review, 101(1), 111-127.
DOI: 10.1017.S0003055407070049
Talabong, R. (2017, August 20). How Kian delos Santos was killed,
according to police. Rappler. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/nation/179400-how-kian-delos-santos-was-
killed-according-to-police#cxrecs_s.
Talabong, R. (2018, January 28). How the ‘new’ Oplan Tokhang should be
done. Rappler. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/194687-new-oplan-tokhang-
guidelines-pnp-war-drugs.
Teehankee, J. C. (2016). “Duterte’s Resurgent Nationalism in the Philippines:
A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis” Journal of Current Southeast
Asian Affairs, 35(3), 69-89. Retrieved February 27, 2018,
https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jsaa/issue/view/147
The Guardian view on the Philippines: a murderous ‘war on drugs.’ (2018,
September 28). The Guardian. [Editorial]. Retrieved November 11,
2018, from
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/sep/28/the-
guardian-view-on-the-philippines-a-murderous-war-on-drugs.
The Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs (ICAD), (n.d.).
Information retrieved from the e-mail sent by the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency dated October 22, 2018
Thomson, M. R. (2016). “Bloodied Democracy: Duterte and the Death of
Liberal Reformism in the Philippines” Journal of Current Southeast
Asian Affairs, 35(3), 39-68. Retrieved February 27, 2018,
https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jsaa/issue/view/147
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH as of Oct. 25, 2017.
Retrieved November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/pg/realnumbersph/photos/?tab=
album&album_id=919540764894129.
65
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH as of Sept. 30, 2018.
Retrieved November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/pg/realnumbersph/photos/?tab=
album&album_id=1186395348208668.
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH update (as of Dec. 27).
Retrieved November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/pg/realnumbersph/photos/?tab=
album&album_id=958220674359471.
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH update (as of Nov. 27).
Retrieved November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/pg/realnumbersph/photos/?tab=
album&album_id=938997236281815.
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH Update From July 1,
2016 to April 30, 2018. Retrieved November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/realnumbersph/
photos/pcb.1052031848311686/1052031671645037/?type=3&theater.
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH Update From July 1,
2016 to February 8, 2018. Retrieved November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/realnumbersph/
photos/pcb.994143310767207/994142424100629/?type=3&theater.
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH Update From July 1,
2016 to May 15, 2018. Retrieved November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/realnumbersph/
photos/pcb.1067902610057943/1067901900058014/?type=3&theater.
#RealNumbersPH Facebook Page. #RealNumbersPH Year 2 Towards A
Drug-Free Philippines From July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2018. Retrieved
November 07, 2018,
https://www.facebook.com/realnumbersph/photos/pcb.1102646359916
901/1102645689916968/?type=3&theater.
66
Ap
pen
dic
es
Ap
pen
dix
A. #
Rea
lNu
mb
ersP
H D
ata
Sin
ce t
he
Imp
lem
enta
tion
of
the
An
ti-I
lleg
al
Dru
gs
Po
licy
on
Ju
ly 0
1, 201
6 u
p t
o S
epte
mb
er 3
0, 2
018
Pa
rtic
ula
rs
as
of
May
30
, 20
17
as
of
Ju
ne
13
, 20
17
as
of
Ju
ly
26
, 20
17
as
of
Au
gu
st 2
9,
20
17
as
of
Oct
ob
er
25
, 20
17
as
of
No
v.
27
, 20
17
as
of
Dec
.
27
, 20
17
as
of
Ja
n.
17
, 20
18
Op
erat
ions
cond
uct
ed
60
,395
62
,751
68
,214
7
0,8
54
77
,468
79
,193
80
,683
81
,919
Dru
g p
erso
nal
itie
s ar
rest
ed
80
,415
84
,467
96
,703
1
07
,15
6
11
7,0
44
11
8,2
87
11
9,0
23
11
9,3
61
Dru
g p
erso
nal
itie
s w
ho
die
d i
n a
nti
-
dru
g o
per
atio
ns
3,0
50
3,1
51
3,4
51
3
,81
1
3,9
67
3,9
67
3,9
68
3,9
87
Su
mm
ary o
f go
ver
nm
ent
wo
rker
s
arre
sted
2
80
29
2
32
7
37
6
42
0
43
5
44
4
44
6
Ele
cted
off
icia
ls
11
9
12
7
14
2
16
7
18
1
18
5
18
8
18
9
Unif
orm
ed p
erso
nnel
2
3
23
26
33
36
42
44
44
Go
ver
nm
ent
em
plo
yee
s 1
38
14
2
15
9
17
6
20
3
20
8
21
2
21
3
Cla
nd
esti
ne
lab
ora
tori
es d
ism
antl
ed
No
dat
a N
o d
ata
9
No
dat
a 9
9
9
9
Dis
man
tled
dru
g d
ens
No
dat
a N
o d
ata
15
4
No
dat
a 1
63
16
3
17
0
17
4
Met
ham
phet
am
ine
(sh
ab
u)
seiz
ed
(in k
ilo
gra
ms)
2
,28
9.0
2
,42
9.1
2
,45
5.8
2
,46
5.7
2
,50
9.2
2
,52
6.5
2
,56
0.5
2
,57
7.1
67
Val
ue
of
sha
bu
sei
zed
P1
3.8
B
P1
2.5
B
P1
2.7
B
P1
2.7
B
P1
2.9
B
P1
3.0
B
P1
3.1
B
P1
3.2
B
Val
ue
of
con
fisc
ated
dru
gs,
co
ntr
oll
ed
pre
curs
ors
and
ess
enti
al c
hem
ical
s, a
nd
lab
ora
tory
eq
uip
ment
P1
7.7
B
P1
8.4
B
P1
8.6
B
P1
8.6
B
P1
8.9
B
P1
8.9
B
P1
9.1
B
P1
9.3
B
Dru
g-c
lear
ed b
aran
gays
No
dat
a N
o d
ata
No
dat
a N
o d
ata
No
dat
a 4
,74
7
5,0
72
No
dat
a
Pa
rtic
ula
rs
as
of
Feb
.
08
, 20
18
as
of
Ma
rch
20
,
20
18
as
of
Ap
ril
30
, 20
18
as
of
May
15
, 20
18
as
of
Ju
ne
30
, 20
18
as
of
Ju
ly
31
, 20
18
as
of
Au
g.
31
, 20
18
as
of
Sep
t.
30
, 20
18
Op
erat
ions
cond
uct
ed
85
,068
91
,704
98
,799
9
9,4
85
10
2,6
30
10
5,6
58
10
8,0
59
11
0,3
95
Dru
g p
erso
nal
itie
s ar
rest
ed
12
1,0
87
12
3,6
48
14
2,0
69
1
43
,33
5
14
7,8
02
15
2,1
23
15
5,1
93
15
8,4
24
Dru
g p
erso
nal
itie
s w
ho
die
d i
n a
nti
-
dru
g o
per
atio
ns
4,0
21
4,0
75
4,2
51
4
,27
9
4,3
54
4,4
10
4,8
54
4,9
48
Su
mm
ary o
f go
ver
nm
ent
wo
rker
s
arre
sted
4
54
46
9
50
4
50
6
52
6
56
9
57
6
58
2
Ele
cted
off
icia
ls
19
2
19
9
21
7
21
7
22
9
24
3
24
7
25
0
Unif
orm
ed p
erso
nnel
4
4
45
48
48
52
58
58
60
Go
ver
nm
ent
em
plo
yee
s 2
18
22
5
23
9
24
1
24
5
26
8
27
1
27
2
Cla
nd
esti
ne
lab
ora
tori
es d
ism
antl
ed
9
9
No
dat
a 1
2
No
dat
a 1
2
12
13
Dis
man
tled
dru
g d
ens
17
9
18
0
No
dat
a 1
80
No
dat
a 2
09
22
3
24
2
68
Met
ham
phet
am
ine
(sh
ab
u)
seiz
ed
(in k
ilo
gra
ms)
2
,61
0.4
2
,62
0.5
2
,67
6.6
2
,67
8.6
2
,73
8.7
2
,75
7.8
3
,14
2.4
N
o d
ata
Val
ue
of
sha
bu
sei
zed
P1
3.4
B
P1
3.5
B
P1
3.8
B
P1
4.3
B
P1
4.7
B
P1
4.8
B
P1
7.4
B
P1
8.3
B
Val
ue
of
con
fisc
ated
dru
gs,
co
ntr
oll
ed
pre
curs
ors
and
ess
enti
al c
hem
ical
s, a
nd
lab
ora
tory
eq
uip
ment
P1
9.6
B
P1
9.7
B
P2
0.2
B
P2
0.8
B
P2
1.3
B
P2
1.5
B
P2
4.1
B
P2
5.0
B
Dru
g-c
lear
ed b
aran
gays
5,3
27
5,3
27
No
dat
a N
o d
ata
6,5
62
8,2
15
8,4
44
8,7
66
69
Ap
pen
dix
B. D
ata
base
of
Po
licy
-Rel
ate
d C
on
ten
ts P
ost
ed b
y R
ap
ple
r, I
nq
uir
er.n
et, G
MA
New
s, A
BS
-
CB
N N
ews,
an
d N
ews5
on
th
eir
Fa
ceb
oo
k P
ag
es i
n J
uly
2016
R
ap
ple
r
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
Sen
ate
to s
tart
pro
be
on
dru
g-r
elat
ed k
illi
ngs
mid
-
Au
gu
st
July
27
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
27
6
32
11
3
The
Sen
ate
is s
et t
o s
tart
its
pro
be
on t
he
spat
e o
f d
rug
-rel
ated
kil
lin
gs
mid
dle
of
Au
gu
st n
ext
mo
nth
.
2
Dute
rte:
Use
of
mil
itar
y
cam
ps
as r
ehab
cente
rs
tem
po
rary
July
28
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
78
0
38
21
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dri
go
Dute
rte
has
elab
ora
ted
on h
is p
lan t
o u
se m
ilit
ary c
am
ps
as
rehab
ilit
atio
n c
ente
rs.
3
Phil
ipp
ines
' war
vs
dru
gs:
It
has
bee
n b
loo
dy
July
26
,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
32
5
54
21
"My i
dea
l so
ciet
y i
s o
ne
wh
ere
citi
zens
loo
k a
fter
eac
h o
ther
, o
ne
wh
ere
we
turn
oth
ers’
mis
fort
une,
and
even
bad
dec
isio
ns,
into
red
em
pti
on."
#T
ho
ughtL
ead
ers
4
Wee
k 3
und
er D
ute
rte:
16
k
dru
g s
usp
ects
surr
end
er i
n
Neg
ros
Isla
nd
July
20
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
93
8
14
9
21
Alm
ost
16
,00
0 d
rug p
erso
nal
itie
s have
surr
end
ered
to
the
po
lice
in N
egro
s
Isla
nd
Regio
n i
n t
he
firs
t 3
week
s o
f th
e
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion.
5
Hu
nd
red
s o
f kil
os
of
shab
u
seiz
ed i
n C
agayan
July
4,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
77
5
12
6
31
At
least
“se
ven
bla
ck b
ags”
an
d “
one
big
blu
e ic
e b
ox”
conta
inin
g s
ub
stan
ces
that
app
ear
to b
e sh
abu w
ere
seiz
ed
in
Cag
ayan.
70
6
2 d
rug s
usp
ects
kil
led
, ci
ty
po
lice
chie
f hurt
in
Pam
pan
ga
July
6,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
26
0
16
20
A s
usp
ecte
d d
rug
dea
ler
and
an a
sso
ciat
e
wer
e k
ille
d w
hil
e th
e p
oli
ce c
hie
f o
f th
e
Cit
y o
f S
an F
ernand
o w
as
inju
red
.
7
Dute
rte
pla
n t
o u
se A
FP
cam
ps
for
dru
g r
ehab
gai
ns
sup
po
rt
July
26
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
99
13
13
Mil
itar
y c
am
ps
and
fac
ilit
ies
wil
l b
e use
d
as d
rug r
ehab
ilit
atio
n c
ente
rs,
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dri
go
Dute
rte
said
in h
is f
irst
Sta
te o
f
the
Nat
ion A
dd
ress
.
8
Anti
-dru
g w
ar i
n C
agayan:
Mayo
r's
son,
vil
lage
chai
rman s
urr
end
er
July
14
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
1.4
K
45
1
33
The
son o
f B
alle
ster
os
mayo
r an
d v
ice
mayo
r su
rren
der
ed a
s a
"dru
g u
ser,
"
wh
ile
a b
aran
gay c
hai
rman a
nd
his
bro
ther
fro
m t
he
sam
e to
wn
yie
lded
to
auth
ori
ties
as
dru
g p
ush
ers.
9
Is h
e to
p 'd
rug l
ord
' Pet
er
Lim
? 9
thin
gs
abo
ut
the
Ceb
u b
usi
ness
man
July
10
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
67
4
78
62
Who
is
this
Pet
er L
im,
the
sup
po
sed
big
tim
e d
rug l
ord
in t
he
Vis
ayas,
wh
om
Dute
rte
was
tal
kin
g a
bo
ut?
10
Wat
chd
og t
o K
erry
: T
ell
Dute
rte
to p
rob
e kil
lin
gs
July
27
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
23
0
18
83
HR
W A
sia
dep
uty
dir
ecto
r P
hel
im K
ine
said
Ker
ry s
ho
uld
air
his
co
ncer
n a
bo
ut
Dute
rte's
war
agai
nst
ill
egal
dru
gs.
11
La
Sal
le p
resi
dent
slam
s
kil
lin
gs
und
er D
ute
rte
adm
in
July
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
51
2
83
66
De
La
Sal
le P
hil
ipp
ines
pre
sid
ent
Bro
ther
Jose
Mar
i Ji
men
ez:
"Yo
u c
ann
ot
buil
d a
cult
ure
that
res
pec
ts l
ife
wh
ile r
elyin
g
pri
nci
pal
ly o
n t
he
inst
rum
ents
of
dea
th."
12
Pre
sid
ent
Dute
rte,
do
no
t
kil
l in
my n
am
e
July
9,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
18
8
17
24
"Our
peo
ple
hav
e se
en w
hat
a m
ob
can
do
in t
he
hand
s o
f a
tyra
nt
wh
o k
no
ws
no
law
but
his
ow
n."
#IM
HO
13
Dute
rte
to P
eter
Lim
: G
o t
o
NB
I to
pro
ve
yo
u'r
e no
t a
dru
g l
ord
July
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
77
8
10
7
30
Ceb
u b
usi
ness
man P
eter
Lim
sub
mit
s
him
self
to
the
NB
I in
Manil
a to
day
, Ju
ly
21
. L
ast
Fri
day,
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte
told
him
to
go
to
the
NB
I to
pro
ve
his
clai
m t
hat
he's
no
t a
dru
g l
ord
.
71
14
Nea
rly 5
,00
0 d
rug s
usp
ects
yie
ld i
n N
egro
s Is
land
Reg
ion
July
12
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
56
4
12
5
34
Mo
re t
han
a w
eek s
ince
the
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion s
tart
ed,
a to
tal
of
4,7
86
dru
g p
ush
ers
and
use
rs h
ave
surr
end
ered
to t
he
auth
ori
ties
in t
he
Negro
s Is
land
Reg
ion.
15
Rap
ple
r T
alk:
PN
P c
hie
f
Del
a R
osa
on e
nfo
rcin
g r
ule
of
law
July
15
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
84
4
2
Rap
ple
r ta
lks
to D
irec
tor
Gen
era
l R
onal
d
del
a R
osa
, ch
ief
of
the
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
.
16
Wh
y a
ccep
tance
of
kil
lin
gs
is a
t al
l-ti
me
hig
h
July
u
28
, 20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
28
0
68
10
7
On T
ho
ug
ht
Lea
der
s: "
So
has
the
crit
icis
m o
f th
e ex
traj
ud
icia
l k
illi
ngs
of
late
har
dly
mad
e a
den
t o
n t
he p
ub
lic
min
d? W
hy a
re a
pp
rob
atio
n a
nd
ap
ath
y
tow
ard
these
bru
tali
ties
at
thei
r al
l-ti
me
hig
h?"
17
Dute
rte
thre
aten
s 3
Chin
ese
dru
g l
ord
s, c
laim
s G
arb
o i
s
‘co
dd
ler’
July
8,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
85
4
95
42
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dri
go
Dute
rte:
“I’
m j
ust
wat
chin
g P
eter
Lim
and
Pet
er C
o:
do
no
t
esca
pe
fro
m p
riso
n,
yo
u w
ill
die
.
Co
lan
gco
, nev
er t
ry t
o g
o o
ut
of
pri
son,
yo
u w
ill
die
.”
18
DL
SU
den
ou
nce
s kil
lin
gs
afte
r D
ute
rte
too
k o
ffic
e
July
22
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(12
8K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
86
5
10
8
60
4
De
La
Sal
le U
niv
ersi
ty d
eno
unce
s
kil
lin
gs
aft
er P
resi
den
t R
od
y D
ute
rte
too
k
off
ice.
Full
vid
eo h
ere:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
alw
u6
g
19
Dute
rte
to p
ard
on 't
ruth
ful'
cop
s ac
cuse
d o
f ab
use
in
war
vs
dru
gs
July
18
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
1.2
K
75
36
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte
pro
mis
ed t
o
par
do
n c
op
s sh
ould
they b
e w
rongly
accu
sed
of
abu
sin
g a
uth
ori
ty.
20
Ceb
u t
ow
n m
ayo
r: 'N
o
dea
ling
s w
ith d
rug l
ord
s'
July
7,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
94
7
21
Daa
nb
anta
yan m
ayo
r V
icen
te L
oo
t
arri
ves
in M
anil
a, s
ayin
g h
e's
wil
lin
g t
o
sub
mit
him
self
to
an i
nvest
igati
on t
o
pro
ve
he
has
no
tie
s w
ith a
lleg
ed d
rug
lord
s.
72
21
Phil
ipp
ine
po
lice
kil
l 1
0 i
n
Dute
rte's
war
on c
rim
e
July
3,
20
16
O
ct.
2,
201
8
33
8
15
34
Po
lice
in B
ula
can p
rovin
ce n
eighb
ori
ng
Man
ila
said
they l
au
nch
ed a
n a
nti
-dru
g
traf
fick
ing b
litz
on T
hurs
day,
the
day
Dute
rte
too
k o
ffic
e, t
hat
cla
imed
9 l
ives
.
22
PN
P c
hie
f R
onal
d d
ela
Ro
sa
live
on R
app
ler
July
15
,
20
16
Liv
e
vid
eo
(76
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
3.5
K
41
4
60
2
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
chie
f R
onal
d
"Bat
o"
Del
a R
osa
tal
ks
abo
ut
enfo
rcin
g
rule
of
law
in t
he
Ro
dy D
ute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion.
Wat
ch!
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
9A
wz1
v
23
Dute
rte
asks
law
maker
s to
reviv
e d
eath
pen
alty
July
11
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
31
4
18
18
Dute
rte
men
tio
ned
that
man
y p
ub
lic
off
icia
ls a
re i
nvo
lved
in i
lleg
al d
rugs
– a
form
of
“tre
aso
n”
as t
hey s
ho
uld
be
the
ones
pro
tect
ing F
ilip
ino
s fr
om
har
m.
Inq
uir
er.n
et
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
Ed
gar
do
Tin
io |
The
late
st
fro
m I
nq
uir
er N
ew
s
July
5,
20
16
Arc
hiv
es
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
70
8
19
1
10
2
AR
CH
IVE
S:
What
we
hav
e o
n Q
CP
D
chie
f E
dgar
do
Tin
io.
2
Chin
a b
ack
s P
H’s
contr
over
sial
dru
g w
ar
July
20
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
68
0
51
10
6
Chin
a is
off
erin
g i
ts s
up
po
rt t
o t
he
contr
over
sial
dru
g c
rack
do
wn p
ush
ed b
y
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte.
3
Dute
rte
to t
roo
ps:
Be
no
t
afra
id t
o k
ill
dru
g t
rad
ers,
crim
inal
s
July
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
49
2
11
4
19
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte:
“A
ll t
ho
se y
ou
are
exec
uti
ng a
s I
ord
ered
, it
’s o
n m
e.
Min
e an
d m
ine
alo
ne.
”
73
4
Dute
rte
mull
s ‘s
top
gap
mea
sure
’ to
ste
m r
ise
of
dru
g u
sers
July
28
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
72
8
13
6
44
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte:
“W
e ca
nno
t
buil
d a
nat
ion o
ver
the
dea
d b
od
ies
of
our
ow
n c
itiz
ens.
”
5
Dru
g e
xec
uti
on
s: P
ub
lic
spli
t
July
25
,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
12
0
16
25
“Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte,
ple
ase
put
a
sto
p t
o e
xtr
aju
dic
ial
kil
ling
s.”
#K
illL
ist
#S
onad
u3
0
6
The
dea
th o
f an
in
vis
ible
man
July
31
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
46
1
44
76
As
far
as s
he
kno
ws,
Mic
hae
l S
iaro
n h
ad
vo
ted
fo
r R
od
y D
ute
rte.
7
Dru
g-r
elat
ed k
illi
ng
s hit
72
since
Ju
ne
30
July
8,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
47
1
13
6
73
It w
as S
und
ay B
loo
dy S
und
ay t
wo
days
afte
r th
e R
od
y D
ute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion
cam
e to
po
wer
.
8
MIL
F j
oin
s D
ute
rte
in w
ar
on d
rugs
July
29
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
69
9
76
41
The
MIL
F i
s jo
inin
g f
orc
es w
ith P
res.
Ro
dy D
ute
rte!
#K
illL
ist
9
On d
ignit
y
July
27
,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
15
7
17
22
ED
ITO
RIA
L:
"The
no
tio
n t
hat
'hu
man
rights
' can
be
use
d a
s an
excu
se t
o
des
tro
y t
he
cou
ntr
y—
this
can o
nly
be
und
erst
oo
d a
s th
e D
ute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion
’s b
lan
ket
an
swer
to
the
man
y q
uest
ion
s su
rro
un
din
g t
he
kil
lin
gs.
" #
SO
NA
Du3
0
10
Dru
g m
on
ster
big
ger
than
exp
ecte
d
July
22
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
60
1
93
36
No
one
exp
ecte
d i
t to
be
this
big
.
11
Dru
g k
illi
ngs
seen t
o c
ause
loss
es f
or
funer
al p
arlo
r
busi
nes
s
July
15
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
44
1
13
7
65
The
funer
al p
arlo
r b
usi
nes
s ca
n't
even
mak
e a
kil
lin
g n
ow
adays.
Det
ails
:
12
Dru
g d
eath
s ad
d m
ore
lif
e
to f
uner
al t
rad
e
July
8,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
23
9
55
15
Thes
e b
usi
ness
es
are
makin
g a
kil
ling
und
er P
res.
Ro
dy D
ute
rte:
13
Dan
ger
ous
state
ments
fro
m
Pal
ace,
PN
P c
hie
f
July
16
,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
22
4
20
80
#L
ette
rs:
But
wil
l th
is m
ove
final
ly
bri
ng a
n e
nd
to
med
ia k
illi
ng
s?
14
5 m
ore
dru
g w
ar d
eath
s in
12
hrs
July
22
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
13
6
24
12
Pre
s. R
od
y D
ute
rte's
war
agai
nst
ill
egal
dru
gs
clai
ms
five
mo
re l
ives
. #
Kil
lLis
t
74
15
Sei
zed
by c
op
s, t
oo
: S
hab
u,
Ecs
tacy,
acet
one,
muri
atic
acid
July
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
62
4
54
81
Then
as
no
w,
the
anti
-dru
g w
ar
has
yie
lded
ver
y l
ittl
e har
ves
t o
f th
e
sup
po
sed
dru
gs
of
cho
ice
of
the
affl
uent.
16
Wid
er a
nd
wid
er c
ircl
es o
f
outr
age
July
28
,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
39
5
15
7
86
Wid
er a
nd
wid
er c
ircl
es o
f o
utr
age
htt
p:/
/f.i
nq
.ph/w
qA
iyIl
17
Ro
dy t
ells
LG
Us:
Inte
nsi
fy
dru
g w
ar
July
29
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
66
8
6
Who
are
the
real
vic
tim
s in
Pre
s. R
od
y
Dute
rte's
war
agai
nst
ill
egal
dru
gs?
#K
illL
ist
18
Bo
lder
by t
he
day
Ju
ly 2
3,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
21
7
83
73
"The
man
ner
of
dea
th i
s al
mo
st a
lways
one
of
thre
e w
ays:
kil
led
by p
oli
ce i
n a
n
alle
ged
sho
ot-
out,
dru
g r
aid
, or
bu
y-b
ust
op
erat
ion;
term
inat
ed b
y g
un
men
, m
an
y
in b
road
day
light;
or
found
du
mp
ed
som
ew
her
e, t
he
bo
dy w
rap
ped
in
pac
kin
g t
ape
and
ad
orn
ed w
ith
a c
rud
e
card
bo
ard
sig
n a
nno
unci
ng t
he
dec
ease
d’s
all
eged
in
vo
lvem
ent
in
dru
gs.
" #
INQ
Op
inio
n
19
Agai
nst
tra
nsp
aren
cy
Ju
ly 1
5,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
34
2
87
57
ED
ITO
RIA
L:
"Vig
ilan
te k
illi
ng r
em
ains
a cr
ime
und
er t
he
law
, so
the
dec
isio
n o
f
the
cou
ntr
y’s
to
p c
op
to
lo
ok a
way a
nd
abd
icat
e his
duty
des
erves
, at
the
ver
y
leas
t, s
om
e answ
ers.
"
20
4 d
ead
in B
ula
can d
rug
bust
s
July
15
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
16
6
19
38
A b
loo
dy n
ight
in B
ula
can.
The
#K
illL
ist.
Our
spec
ial
rep
ort
on
dru
g-r
elat
ed k
illi
ngs:
f.i
nq
.ph/7
36
YX
JX
21
The
Dute
rte
Ad
min
istr
atio
n
Has
Pla
ns
Fo
r T
he
Eco
no
my -
Sco
ut
Mag
azin
e
July
4,
20
16
O
ct.
2,
201
8
68
3
9
Sco
utm
agp
h:
But
the
new
pre
sid
ent
wo
uld
rat
her
chas
e cr
imin
als
and
sto
p
corr
up
tio
n t
han
sav
e o
ur
eco
no
my.
75
22
Dute
rte
war
ns
dru
g l
ord
s:
Yo
ur
ho
urs
are
nu
mb
ered
July
1,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
201
8
26
1
24
13
No
t in
days,
but
in h
ours
.
23
Kil
lin
g s
pre
e
July
6,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
48
9
99
10
6
ED
ITO
RIA
L:
"When
gun
s ar
e w
hat
det
erm
ines
just
ice,
the
crim
inals
can
sim
ply
purc
hase
mo
re f
irep
ow
er i
n t
he
futu
re."
24
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 3
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
2.4
K
92
70
A s
elf
-co
nfe
ssed
dru
g u
ser
is a
mo
ng
sever
al h
und
red
oth
ers
who
vo
lun
tari
ly
surr
end
ered
and
sig
ned
cer
tifi
cate
s to
ceas
e th
eir
invo
lvem
ent
in i
lleg
al d
rug
s
in T
aguig
Cit
y.
Pho
to b
y L
yn
Ril
lon
25
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 2
5,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
4.4
K
1.6
K
2.3
K
26
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 2
5,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
2.6
K
56
9
2.3
K
27
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 1
1,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
17
2
12
27
BU
ST
ED
AN
D B
OO
KE
D D
eta
inee
s
cram
a g
ym
at
the
Eas
tern
Po
lice
Dis
tric
t
hea
dq
uar
ters
in P
asig
Cit
y a
s th
ey a
wai
t
do
cum
enta
tio
n o
n S
und
ay.
Th
e E
PD
over
the
wee
kend
ro
und
ed u
p a
lmo
st
20
0 d
rug s
usp
ects
, o
rdin
ance
vio
lato
rs
and
per
sons
wit
h s
tand
ing a
rres
t
war
rants
in P
asig
, M
and
alu
yo
ng,
Mar
ikin
a and
San
Juan c
itie
s.
Pho
to b
y R
aff
y L
erm
a
28
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 1
5,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
53
0
21
37
Ho
t st
uff
! P
NP
chie
f R
onal
d d
ela
Ro
sa
sho
ws
pac
ks
of
“shab
u”
seiz
ed
in
sever
al r
aid
s th
at
bec
am
e p
art
of
the
76
P1
.77
bil
lio
n w
ort
h o
f il
legal
dru
gs
des
tro
yed
by t
he
PD
EA
in T
rece
Mar
tire
s C
ity i
n C
avit
e p
rovin
ce o
n
Thurs
day.
#K
illL
ist
**
*
Pho
to b
y R
aff
y L
erm
a
29
Dru
g k
illi
ngs
alar
m P
alac
e
July
5,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
15
8
17
22
AN
OT
HE
R O
NE
BIT
ES
TH
E D
US
T
Fu
ner
al p
arlo
r w
ork
ers
lift
the b
od
y o
f
one
of
the
two
dru
g s
usp
ects
wh
o w
ere
kil
led
in a
n a
lleged
sho
oto
ut
wit
h p
oli
ce
in B
aran
gay B
onuan T
ond
alig
an i
n
Dag
up
an C
ity o
n M
ond
ay.
Read
the
sto
ry h
ere:
htt
p:/
/f.i
nq
.ph/L
WK
jVZ
5
Pho
to v
ia R
ay B
. Z
am
bra
no
30
Ro
bre
do
cal
ls f
or
pro
be
into
dru
g-r
elat
ed e
xtr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
July
12
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
19
3
35
91
Vic
e p
resi
den
t L
eni
Ro
bre
do
iss
ued
a
stat
em
ent
regar
din
g d
rug
-rel
ated
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs.
Rea
d:
htt
p:/
/f.i
nq
.ph/9
MnQ
OK
F
31
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 2
8,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
68
3
21
14
LO
OK
: P
hil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
Po
lice
Sec
uri
ty a
nd
Pro
tect
ion G
roup
und
ergo
es
dru
g t
est
ing.
| via
PT
V
77
32
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 2
0,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
59
3
43
48
BA
TO
DE
ST
RO
YS
"B
AT
O"
PN
P c
hie
f
Po
lice
Dir
ecto
r G
ener
al R
onal
d "
Bat
o"
del
a R
osa
sho
ws
pac
ks
of
seiz
ed s
hab
u
(met
ham
phet
am
ine
hyd
roch
lori
de)
par
t
of
the
P1
.77
bil
lio
n w
ort
h o
f il
legal
dru
gs
that
was
des
tro
yed
by t
he
Phil
ipp
ine
Dru
g E
nfo
rcem
ent
Agency
(PD
EA
) at
the
Inte
gra
ted
Was
te
Man
agem
ent,
Inc.
, B
aran
gay A
guad
o,
Tre
ce M
arti
rez,
Cav
ite,
July
14
, 2
01
6.
Pho
to b
y R
AF
FY
LE
RM
A/P
hil
ipp
ine
Dai
ly I
nq
uir
er
#F
rom
OurA
rch
ives
fram
e.in
quir
er.n
et
33
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 2
1,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
98
6
62
13
3
ME
EK
AS
A L
AM
B C
on
vic
ted
dru
g
lord
Her
ber
t C
ola
ngco
is
quest
ioned
by
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
Dir
ecto
r
Gen
eral
Ro
nald
del
a R
osa
duri
ng t
he
tran
sfer
to
the
PN
P S
pec
ial
Acti
on F
orc
e
of
the
resp
on
sib
ilit
y o
f g
uar
din
g N
ew
Bil
ibid
Pri
son i
n M
un
tinlu
pa
Cit
y o
n
Wed
nes
day.
Pho
to b
y E
DW
IN
BA
CA
SM
AS
/Phil
ipp
ine
Dai
ly I
nq
uir
er
34
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 2
5,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
6.4
K
3.8
K
1.6
K
EA
RL
IER
: T
hes
e te
enager
s h
eld
pla
card
s w
hic
h p
rom
ote
d t
he
legal
izat
ion o
f m
arij
uan
a ra
ther
than
th
e
usa
ge
of
ille
gal
dru
gs.
Pho
to b
y I
nq
uir
er
Vo
lun
teer
Cel
ine
Am
ilham
ja
#S
ON
AD
u3
0
78
Mo
re a
t: s
ona.
inq
uir
er.n
et
35
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 3
1,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
1.3
K
83
85
GU
AR
DIN
G T
ED
DY
. A
mem
ber
of
the
PN
P-S
pec
ial
Act
ion F
orc
e gu
ard
s
confi
scat
ed i
tem
s fo
un
d i
nsi
de t
he
New
Bil
ibid
Pri
sons
in M
unti
nlu
pa
Cit
y,
incl
ud
ing a
pin
k s
tuff
ed b
ear
that
may
hav
e b
een u
sed
to
car
ry d
rug
s d
uri
ng
Op
lan G
alugad
, Ju
ly 2
9,
20
16
. T
he
op
erat
ion i
s a
bid
to
sw
eep
cle
an t
he
pri
son o
f d
rug
s an
d o
ther
lux
ury
ite
ms.
MA
RIA
NN
E B
ER
MU
DE
Z/I
NQ
UIR
ER
36
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 1
2,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
24
2
69
55
‘TIP
ST
ER
’ S
LA
IN T
he
bo
dy o
f
Anto
nio
Bag
ino
n,
wh
o r
epo
rted
ly h
elp
ed
the
po
lice
lo
cate
dru
g s
usp
ects
in h
is
vil
lage,
is
carr
ied
by f
uner
al h
om
e
wo
rker
s aft
er h
e w
as
sho
t d
ead
by s
till
unid
enti
fied
men a
t his
ho
me
in B
ago
ng
Sil
angan,
Quez
on C
ity,
earl
y M
ond
ay.
Pho
to b
y N
IÑO
JE
SU
S
OR
BE
TA
/Phil
ipp
ine
Dai
ly I
nq
uir
er
37
WA
TC
H:
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy
Dute
rte
revea
ls m
ore
info
rmat
ion o
n i
lle…
July
7,
20
16
Liv
e
vid
eo
(14
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
7.5
K
2K
2
.1K
E
AR
LIE
R:
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte
nam
es
dru
g l
ord
s.
38
Ch
urc
h:
Tho
u s
hal
l no
t kil
l Ju
ly 2
4,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
10
K
4.6
K
1K
LA
ME
NT
AT
ION
A w
eep
ing J
ennel
yn
Ola
ires
hu
gs
par
tner
Mic
hae
l S
iaro
n,
30
,
a p
edic
ab d
river
and
all
eged
dru
g
push
er,
who
was
sho
t an
d k
ille
d b
y
79
mo
torc
ycl
e-r
idin
g g
un
men n
ear
Pas
ay
Ro
tond
a o
n E
dsa
. H
e w
as
one
of
six
kil
led
in d
rug
-rel
ated
inci
dents
in P
asay
and
Man
ila
yes
terd
ay.
RA
FF
Y
LE
RM
A/I
NQ
UIR
ER
RE
AD
:
htt
p:/
/inq
.new
s/T
ho
uS
hal
lNo
tKil
l
39
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 2
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
2.1
K
21
9
17
6
LO
OK
: G
aly,
bro
ther
of
susp
ect
ed d
rug
lord
Ro
wen
"Y
aw
a" S
ecre
tari
a, s
ho
win
g
off
his
Dute
rte
bal
ler
beh
ind
bar
s.
Gal
y s
urr
end
ered
to
po
lice
and
is
curr
entl
y d
etai
ned
at
Car
bo
n P
oli
ce
Sta
tio
n.
Pho
to v
ia L
ito
Tec
son C
ebu
Dai
ly N
ew
s.
40
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
Ju
ly 1
8,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 2
, 2
01
8
56
6
37
36
LO
OK
: M
em
ber
s o
f th
e m
edia
und
ergo
dru
g t
esti
ng a
t p
oli
ce r
egio
nal
off
ice
7 i
n
Ceb
u C
ity.
PN
P c
hie
f D
ela
Ro
sa s
aid
aft
er
dru
g t
est
in C
ebu,
he
wil
l al
so a
sk t
he
oth
er
mem
ber
s o
f th
e m
edia
in M
anil
a to
und
ergo
the
test
.
80
GM
A N
ews
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
AW
OL
co
p k
ille
d i
n b
uy
-
bust
op
s in
Manil
a
July
28
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
20
18
1.2
K
41
27
Pat
ay a
ng i
san
g A
WO
L n
a p
uli
s sa
bu
y b
ust
-op
erat
ion n
g p
uli
sya
sa
Sam
pal
oc,
Maynil
a.
2
Six
su
spec
ted
dru
g p
ush
ers
kil
led
in s
epar
ate
inci
den
ts
in M
etro
Man
ila
July
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
20
18
57
3
18
45
Pat
ay a
ng a
nim
na
hin
ihin
alan
g d
rug
susp
ect
sa m
ag
kak
ahiw
alay n
a
insi
dente
sa
Met
ro M
anil
a.
3
RE
PL
AY
: P
NP
chie
f's
pre
ss
confe
rence
on O
pla
n D
oub
le
Bar
rel
Acc
om
pli
shm
ent
July
4,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 2
,
20
18
3.7
K
92
28
Pan
oo
rin a
ng p
ress
co
nfe
rence
ng
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
sa
pan
gun
una
na
ni
PN
P C
hie
f D
irec
tor
Gen
eral
Ro
nald
"B
ato"
Del
a R
osa
kau
gnay n
g O
pla
n D
oub
le B
arre
l
Acc
om
pli
shm
ent
via
LIV
ES
TR
EA
M:
htt
p:/
/gm
ane.
ws/
29
oV
dG
d
4
OV
ER
10
0 D
RU
G
SU
SP
EC
TS
KIL
LE
D:
Hu
man
rig
hts
law
yer
ask
s
Dute
rte
to s
top
'nucl
ear
exp
losi
on o
f vio
lence
'
July
8,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
20
18
6.7
K
35
1
1.8
K
Hin
ilin
g k
ay P
ang
ulo
ng R
od
y
Dute
rte
ni
Att
y.
Jose
Man
uel
Dio
kno
, nati
onal
chai
rman n
g F
ree
Legal
Ass
ista
nce
Gro
up
at
nag
mu
la
sa p
am
ilyan
g n
agd
usa
sa
ilali
m n
g
dik
tad
ura
ng M
arco
s, n
a p
igil
an a
ng
aniy
a'y
"nucl
ear
exp
losi
on o
f
vio
lence
."
5
Thre
e su
spec
ted
dru
g
push
ers
found
dea
d i
n
Bula
can g
arb
age
du
mp
July
29
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
Oct
. 2
,
20
18
50
3
31
17
Nat
agp
uan
g p
atay a
ng t
atlo
um
ano
ng
tula
k n
g d
roga
sa N
orz
agar
ay,
Bula
can.
81
6
PD
EA
cle
ars
On
gs
in S
am
ar
dru
g t
rad
e
July
12
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
20
18
89
8
25
2
78
In a
sta
tem
ent,
Laure
fel
Gab
ales
,
PD
EA
Regio
n 8
dir
ecto
r, s
aid
his
men
, up
on i
nvest
igat
ion,
did
no
t fi
nd
evid
ence
lin
kin
g N
ort
her
n S
am
ar
Rep
. E
dw
in O
ng a
nd
his
uncl
e,
No
rther
n S
am
ar G
over
no
r Jo
se O
ng,
to t
he
ille
gal
dru
g t
rad
e.
7
New
PN
P c
hie
f al
arm
ed;
9
out
of
2,4
05
cop
s te
st
po
siti
ve
for
dru
gs
July
4,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
20
18
58
K
5.6
K
2.4
K
Naa
larm
a an
g b
ago
ng P
hil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
Chie
f na
si D
irec
tor
Gen
eral
Ro
nald
"B
ato"
Del
a R
osa
mat
apo
s na
magp
osi
tib
o a
ng s
iyam
na
puli
s sa
pag
gam
it n
g d
roga.
#D
U3
0F
irst
10
0D
ays
8
Fiv
e d
rug s
usp
ects
kil
led
in
sep
arat
e at
tack
s in
Quez
on
July
4,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
2,
20
18
86
3
27
41
Lim
ang d
rug s
usp
ect
ang n
apat
ay s
a
mag
kakah
iwal
ay n
a p
ananam
ban
g s
a
Quez
on m
ula
Lin
ggo
han
ggan
g
kan
ina.
AB
S-C
BN
New
s
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
Biz
man
all
eged
ly o
n d
rug
wat
chli
st s
ho
t d
ead
July
2,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
61
1
10
4
26
This
is
the
seco
nd
sho
oti
ng i
nci
den
t in
Sto
. D
om
ingo
th
is w
eek,
and
the
vic
tim
s w
ere
alle
ged
ly i
nvo
lved
in t
he
ille
gal
dru
g t
rad
e.
82
2
7 p
atay
sa
pam
am
aril
sa
Kam
aynil
aan
July
30
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 3
, 2
01
8
86
7
26
21
Pit
o a
ng p
atay s
a m
agkakah
iwal
ay n
a
pam
am
aril
sa
lun
gso
d n
g C
alo
oca
n,
Mayn
ila
at M
alab
on.
3
Nea
rly 2
,00
0 d
rug s
usp
ects
surr
end
er i
n I
loco
s S
ur
July
14
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
2.9
K
18
6
20
The
dru
g s
usp
ects
to
ok t
heir
ple
dge
of
com
mit
ment,
vo
win
g t
o p
ut
an e
nd
to
sale
of
nar
coti
cs i
n t
he
pro
vin
ce.
4
To
k,
tok..
.ban
g,
ban
g:
The
blo
od
y w
ar o
n d
rugs
#2
July
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
Pho
tos
Oct
. 3
, 2
01
8
26
K
1.9
K
77
0
Pre
s. R
od
y D
ute
rte
said
he
wo
uld
erad
icat
e d
rugs
and
cri
me
wit
hin
3 t
o
6 m
onth
s. N
ow
, b
arel
y a
mo
nth
into
his
ter
m,
som
e o
ffic
ials
are
cal
lin
g t
he
init
ial
stage
of
the
cam
pai
gn a
succ
ess
.
5
Man
hel
pin
g i
n a
nti
-ill
egal
dru
g o
ps
sho
t d
ead
in Q
C
July
11
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
77
7
27
45
Auth
ori
ties
bel
ieve
som
e gro
up
s ar
e
takin
g r
even
ge
due
to t
he
inte
nsi
fied
anti
-dru
g c
am
pai
gn o
f th
e p
oli
ce.
6
LO
OK
: B
agu
io c
op
s in
spec
t
city
jai
l fo
r il
legal
dru
gs
July
27
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
4.4
K
83
27
Mo
st c
ells
are
ho
ldin
g i
nm
ate
s w
ho
wer
e in
vo
lved
in t
he
ille
gal
dru
g
trad
e.
7
16
-yea
r-o
ld s
tud
ent
kil
led
in
Bag
uio
bu
y-b
ust
July
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
7.8
K
55
6
60
2
The
teen
ager
was
wit
h a
susp
ect
in t
he
Bag
uio
Cit
y A
nti
-Ill
egal
Dru
g G
roup
's
wat
ch l
ist
when p
oli
cem
en h
eld
a
stin
g o
per
atio
n.
8
WA
TC
H:
Shab
u l
abo
rato
ry
raid
ed
July
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
(79
4K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 3
, 2
01
8
18
K
10
K
2K
KA
PA
PA
SO
K L
AN
G N
A B
AL
ITA
:
Tim
ba-
tim
bang d
roga
ang n
adis
kub
re
sa r
aid
ng P
DE
A s
a is
ang s
hab
u
lab
ora
tory
sa
Phil
am
life
Vil
lage,
Las
Piñ
as C
ity n
gayo
ng M
arte
s. D
alaw
an
g
Tai
wanes
e "c
hem
ist"
an
g a
rest
ado
,
ula
t n
i M
aan M
acap
agal,
AB
S-C
BN
83
New
s. N
arit
o a
ng b
uo
ng u
lat:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
9nV
gk6
9
9 o
ut
of
10
Met
ro M
anil
a
vil
lages
pla
gued
by d
rugs:
po
lice
July
19
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
1.2
K
23
46
The
dru
g m
enac
e is
thri
vin
g i
n n
ine
out
of
10
bar
angays
in M
etro
Man
ila,
the
Nat
ional
Cap
ital
Reg
ion P
oli
ce
Off
ice
said
10
Lo
lo,
pat
ay s
a p
am
am
aril
sa
Man
dal
uyo
ng
July
26
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 3
, 2
01
8
91
5
27
37
Pat
ay a
ng i
san
g l
olo
hab
ang s
ugat
an
nam
an a
ng k
anyang p
insa
n m
atap
os
pag
bab
aril
in n
g m
ga
arm
ado
ng l
alak
i
sa l
oo
b n
g k
anil
ang b
ahay s
a
Man
dal
uyo
ng.
11
2 p
atay
sa
um
ano
'y s
um
mar
y
exec
uti
on s
a Q
uia
po
July
3,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
78
9
22
49
Dak
on
g a
las-
4 n
g m
adal
ing a
raw
nak
ita
ang m
ga
ban
gkay n
a nakab
alo
t
ng d
uct
tap
e an
g m
uk
ha.
12
6 a
rres
ted
, P
1.5
M i
lleg
al
dru
gs
seiz
ed i
n M
aguin
dan
ao
July
2,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
98
6
88
28
Auth
ori
ties
als
o r
eco
ver
ed a
gun,
mo
torc
ycl
es,
and
var
ious
am
munit
ion.
13
P3
.5-M
wo
rth o
f sh
abu
fou
nd
in L
eyte
bo
ard
ing
ho
use
July
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
5.7
K
47
9
68
Auth
ori
ties
rec
over
ed o
ver
400
gra
ms
of
susp
ecte
d s
hab
u f
rom
a b
oar
din
g
ho
use
all
eged
ly r
ente
d o
ut
by a
dru
g
push
er k
ille
d e
arli
er t
his
mo
nth
by
unid
enti
fied
susp
ects
in L
eyte
.
14
Mga
ban
gkay n
g u
mano
'y
tula
k n
g d
roga,
nat
agp
uan s
a
Tac
lob
an
July
30
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 3
, 2
01
8
96
3
35
29
Tat
lo s
a m
ga
bik
tim
a an
g n
atagp
uan
mal
apit
sa
airp
ort
ku
ng s
aan n
agd
aos
ng m
isa
si P
op
e F
ranci
s no
on
g i
san
g
tao
n.
15
5 p
atay
, 1
kri
tikal
sa
pam
am
aril
sa
Mal
abo
n
July
21
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 3
, 2
01
8
63
0
26
71
Pin
aula
nan
ng b
ala
ang i
san
g t
irah
an
sa M
alab
on C
ity d
ahil
um
ano
sa
dro
ga.
16
7 d
rug s
usp
ects
arr
este
d i
n
Man
ila
duri
ng d
ow
np
our
July
8,
20
16
Vid
eos
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
96
4
34
31
One
of
the
susp
ects
denie
d
invo
lvem
ent
in t
he
dru
g t
rad
e an
d
84
add
ed h
e w
as s
uff
erin
g f
rom
sta
ge
3
cance
r.
17
VA
CC
giv
es 'b
enefi
t o
f th
e
do
ub
t' o
n d
rug o
per
atio
ns
July
18
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
46
9
6
58
VA
CC
fo
und
ing C
hair
man D
ante
Jim
enez
sai
d g
iven t
hat
the
new
adm
inis
trat
ion h
as o
nly
bee
n i
n p
ow
er
for
two
wee
ks,
the
war
on d
rugs
do
esn't s
ho
w e
no
ug
h r
esult
s yet
.
18
Sei
zed
: S
hab
u,
ecst
acy,
acet
one,
chlo
rofo
rm,
muri
ati
c ac
id
July
26
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
1.5
K
77
34
The
PN
P h
ad h
aule
d a
fai
rly b
ounti
ful
har
vest
fro
m i
ts a
nti
-dru
g w
ar f
rom
Januar
y 2
01
0 t
o J
une
20
16
.
19
Top
5 d
rug p
ush
er n
g
Mas
am
bo
ng,
pat
ay s
a
eng
kw
entr
o
July
19
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
1.8
K
59
76
Naa
ktu
han u
mano
ng m
ga
puli
s an
g
susp
ek h
abang n
agta
tap
on n
g d
roga
sa
inid
oro
sa
loo
b n
g k
anyang b
ahay.
20
MA
P,
CH
AR
TS
: T
he
Dea
th
To
ll o
f th
e W
ar o
n D
rug
s
July
28
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
38
8
17
82
Chec
k o
ut
the
dea
th t
oll
of
the w
ar o
n
dru
gs
do
wn t
o t
he
loca
l le
vel
in t
hese
inte
ract
ive
char
ts.
21
Mo
re r
ehab
fac
ilit
ies
soug
ht
for
dru
g u
sers
July
15
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 3
, 2
01
8
93
2
42
22
The
hea
lth d
epar
tment
pla
ns
to p
ut
up
mo
re r
ehab
ilit
atio
n f
acil
itie
s.
22
Bar
angay t
reas
ure
r, h
usb
and
arre
sted
; co
ps
find
dru
gs
in
ho
use
July
27
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
1.6
K
40
31
Po
lice
arr
este
d a
co
up
le a
fter
P4
0,0
00
wo
rth o
f su
spec
ted
shab
u w
as
reco
ver
ed f
rom
thei
r ho
me
in
Co
tab
ato
Cit
y.
23
Dru
g u
sers
wh
o s
urr
end
er
no
t yet
off
the
ho
ok:
Ag
uir
re
July
1,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
3,
201
8
1K
1
8
23
Ag
uir
re s
aid
they w
ill
be
invest
igate
d
so t
hat
they c
an p
oin
t to
the
ones
beh
ind
the
ille
gal
dru
gs
trad
e th
at i
s
ram
pan
t al
l o
ver
the
cou
ntr
y.
24
WA
TC
H:
Du
tert
e to
dru
g
susp
ects
: C
hurc
h,
rig
hts
gro
up
s ca
n't s
ave
yo
u
July
25
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
54
8
32
49
Acc
ord
ing t
o t
he
AB
S-C
BN
Invest
igati
ve
and
Res
earc
h G
roup
,
57
9 p
eop
le h
ave
bee
n k
ille
d i
n a
nti
-
dru
g o
per
atio
ns
fro
m M
ay 1
0 t
o J
une
25
. #
Du3
0S
ON
A2
01
6
85
25
WA
TC
H:
PN
P c
hie
f
Dir
ecto
r G
ener
al R
onal
d
"Bat
o"
Del
a R
osa
tal
ks
to 4
Chin
ese
nat
ional
s fo
und
insi
de
the
shab
u l
ab i
n
Val
enzuel
a C
ity.
| Vid
eo b
y
Maa
n M
acap
agal
, A
BS
-CB
N
New
s | F
UL
L S
TO
RY
:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
9Z
plW
Y
July
22
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(66
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
, 2
01
8
11
K
4.6
K
1.8
K
26
AB
S-C
BN
New
s | L
atest
Phil
ipp
ine
Hea
dli
nes,
Bre
akin
g N
ew
s, V
ideo
,
Anal
ysi
s, F
eatu
res
July
16
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 4
, 2
01
8
5.2
K
72
1
56
4
LO
OK
: P
resi
den
t D
ute
rte
mee
ts
Ceb
uano
-Chin
ese
busi
nes
sman P
eter
Lim
, o
ne
of
the
alle
ged
to
p d
rug l
ord
s
in t
he
tria
d i
nvo
lved
in i
lleg
al d
rug
op
erat
ions
in t
he
Phil
ipp
ines
. | via
Dex
ter
Gan
ibe,
DZ
MM
Tel
erad
yo
Full
sto
ry t
o f
oll
ow
at
new
s.ab
s-
cbn.c
om
New
s5
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
Sen
. L
acso
n,
nan
iniw
ala
ng m
ay
bas
ehan
an
g r
ebel
asyo
n n
i P
res.
Dute
rte
tun
gko
l sa
5 h
ener
al
July
7,
20
16
Vid
eo
(54
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.3
K
44
8
10
1
86
2
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
DE
LIM
A,
PA
IIM
BE
ST
IGA
HA
N A
NG
SU
NU
D-S
UN
OD
NA
PA
GP
AT
AY
SA
MG
A S
US
PE
K
SA
DR
OG
A
July
8,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
3.1
K
68
7
2.9
K
Tin
gin
ng s
enad
ora
, b
agam
a't
may i
ba
na
tala
gan
g n
anla
ban
,
may i
lan
g k
aso
raw
na
may
sen
yal
es n
g s
um
mar
y e
xec
uti
on.
3
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
3 S
A 5
HE
NE
RA
L N
A D
AW
IT
UM
AN
O S
A D
RO
GA
,
HA
HA
RA
P K
AY
PN
P C
HIE
F
DE
LA
RO
SA
July
6,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1.4
K
12
5
53
Hu
mra
p n
a kay P
NP
Chie
f R
onal
"Bat
o"
Del
a R
osa
ang t
atlo
sa
lim
ang h
ener
al n
a d
aw
it u
man
o
sa i
ligal
na
dro
ga.
4
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
HIG
IT 6
0
NA
SA
NG
KO
T S
A I
LIG
AL
NA
DR
OG
A,
SU
MU
KO
,
NA
NU
MP
A S
A M
GA
PU
LIS
SA
BU
LA
CA
N
July
5,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1K
1
56
35
10
no
tory
us
na
dru
g p
ush
er
kal
abo
so s
a m
agkakahiw
alay n
a
op
eras
yo
n s
a O
lon
gap
o a
t
Auro
ra.
Kas
abay n
ito
, su
mu
ko
ang h
igit
an
g 6
0 n
a sa
ng
ko
t sa
ilig
al n
a d
roga
sa H
ago
no
y,
Bula
can.
5
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
DIL
G S
EC
.
SU
EN
O,
PL
AN
ON
G B
UM
UO
NG
GR
UP
O S
A M
GA
BR
GY
.
NA
LA
LA
BA
N S
A D
RO
GA
July
5,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1.3
K
16
9
67
Pla
no
ni
DIL
G S
ec.
Ism
ael
Su
eno
na
pal
akas
in a
ng m
ga
bar
angay
par
a m
asu
gp
o a
ng d
roga
at
kri
min
alid
ad.
6
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MG
A
PU
LIS
SA
DA
VA
O D
EL
NO
RT
E,
HIN
AH
AR
AN
A A
NG
MG
A D
RU
G P
US
HE
R,
US
ER
PA
RA
SU
MU
KO
July
11
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1.6
K
28
5
38
Hig
it 1
,00
0 s
usp
ek s
a il
igal
na
dro
ga
sum
uko
mat
apo
s har
anahin
ng m
ga
puli
s sa
Davao
Del
No
rte.
7
Ilan
g o
pis
yal
ng g
ob
yer
no
,
gu
mam
it n
g d
rug m
oney n
oo
ng
elek
syo
n a
yo
n k
ay P
NP
Chie
f
Del
a R
osa
July
12
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(96
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.5
K
66
2
63
87
8
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
2 L
AL
AK
I,
PA
TA
Y S
A B
UY
-BU
ST
OP
ER
AT
ION
SA
QU
IAP
O
July
5,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
78
5
92
58
Pat
ay s
a p
am
am
aril
an
g d
alaw
ang
lala
ki
sa Q
uia
po
na
san
gko
t sa
ilig
al n
a d
roga.
9
Exp
lain
er |
To
p 5
dru
g-i
nfe
sted
regio
ns
July
8,
20
16
Vid
eo
(20
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.5
K
1.7
K
98
10
93
dru
g p
ush
er a
t u
ser,
naa
rest
o
ng Q
CP
D
July
9,
20
16
Vid
eo
(11
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.2
K
56
4
65
11
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PE
TE
R
LIM
, H
UM
AR
AP
KA
Y P
RE
S.
DU
TE
RT
E P
AR
A L
INIS
IN
AN
G P
AN
GA
LA
N
July
18
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
16
2
8
48
Ku
mal
at s
a so
cial
med
ia a
ng
litr
ato
nin
a P
res.
Dute
rte
at n
g
tin
uko
y n
iyang d
rug l
ord
na
si
Pet
er L
im.
Ayo
n s
a nag
-po
st,
mag
ku
mp
are
raw
an
g d
alaw
a.
Lu
mab
as i
to k
asu
no
d n
g
pag
pup
ulo
ng n
g P
ang
ulo
at
ni
Lim
sa
PD
EA
sa
Davao
.
12
VP
Ro
bre
do
, nan
aw
agan n
g
imb
esti
gas
yo
n k
aug
nay n
g
pag
dam
i n
g e
xtr
ajud
icia
l kil
ling
s
July
20
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(50
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.7
K
22
2
1.3
K
13
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
SO
LG
EN
CA
LID
A,
BIN
IRA
AN
G
PA
NA
WA
GA
NG
IMB
ES
TIG
AS
YO
N N
I D
E
LIM
A
July
12
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1K
8
9
60
Nan
gak
o s
i S
oli
cit
or
Gen
eral
Jo
se
Cal
ida
na
ipag
tan
ggo
l an
g m
ga
puli
s na
pai
imb
esti
gahan d
ahil
sa
sunud
-su
no
d n
a p
agkam
atay n
g
mga
susp
ek s
a il
igal
na
dro
ga.
14
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
H2
O |
AD
IK N
A T
AN
OD
July
21
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
50
5
10
2
42
Ala
min
an
g p
lano
ng l
okal
na
pam
ahal
aan n
g Q
C s
a h
igit
na
17
0 n
a ta
no
d n
a nag
po
siti
bo
sa
pag
gam
it n
g i
ligal
na
dro
ga
sa
pan
ayam
kat
Vic
e M
ayo
r Jo
y
Bel
mo
nte
.
88
15
Push
er n
a su
suko
na
sana
sa m
ga
oto
rid
ad, it
inu
mb
a u
mano
ng
san
gko
t d
in s
a d
roga
July
15
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(22
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
2K
1
.1K
6
13
16
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
5 P
AT
AY
MA
TA
PO
S T
AM
BA
NG
AN
NG
2 R
IDIN
G-I
N-T
AN
DE
M S
A
CA
LO
OC
AN
July
20
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
12
3
8
11
An
g i
lan s
a m
ga
bik
tim
a,
no
tory
us
um
ano
ng t
ula
k n
g i
ligal
na
dro
ga.
17
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
LA
LA
KI
NA
BA
LO
T N
G P
AC
KA
GIN
G
AN
G M
UK
HA
, K
AM
AY
,
NA
TA
GP
UA
N S
A P
AS
IG
July
19
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
23
2
51
27
Nat
agp
uan a
ng i
san
g b
angkay s
a
Kal
aw
aan,
Pas
ig k
anin
an
g
mad
alin
g a
raw
. B
alo
t an
g m
ukha
at k
am
ay n
ito
ng p
ackagin
g n
a
bik
tim
a ra
w n
g s
um
mar
y
exec
uti
on.
18
NU
PL
, nanaw
agan s
a
adm
inis
tras
yo
n n
a m
aaar
ing
mat
igil
ang d
roga
nan
g d
i
kin
akai
lan
gan
g p
um
atay n
g t
ao
July
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
(14
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1K
3
13
1.1
K
19
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PU
LIS
, 2
LA
LA
KI,
PA
TA
Y M
AT
AP
OS
UM
AN
ON
G M
AN
LA
BA
N S
A
BU
Y-B
US
T O
PE
RA
TIO
N S
A
TA
GU
IG
July
28
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
45
3
73
15
Pat
ay a
ng t
atlo
ng l
alak
i m
atap
os
um
ano
ng m
anla
ban
sa
dru
g b
uy
-
bust
op
erat
ion s
a T
aguig
. K
asam
a
rito
ang i
san
g a
kti
bo
ng p
uli
s n
a
rum
araket
daw
bil
an
g d
rug
dea
ler.
20
Isan
g i
sla
na
pag
-aar
i n
g
go
byer
no
, b
alak
gaw
ing
rehab
ilit
atio
n s
anct
uar
y p
ara
sa
mga
sum
uko
ng d
rug d
epen
dents
July
14
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(37
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.2
K
20
4
57
21
88
puli
s, s
inib
ak m
ula
sa
2 A
nti
-
Ille
gal
Dru
gs
unit
s n
g Q
CP
D
July
28
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(21
5K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
3.2
K
1.4
K
17
8
89
22
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
RE
AK
SY
ON
| M
GA
OP
ER
AS
YO
N K
ON
TR
A
DR
OG
A,
BIN
AB
AL
OT
NG
KO
NT
RO
BE
RS
YA
PA
RT
(1
/2)
July
26
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
92
1
68
44
Sa
#R
eA
ksy
onT
V5
, nan
ind
igan
si P
NP
Chie
f R
onal
d D
ela
Ro
sa
na
lehit
imo
ang d
rug o
per
atio
ns
ng p
uli
sya
sa m
ga
nanla
ban
at
nap
atay s
a sa
ng
ko
t sa
ili
gal
na
dro
ga.
23
PA
O:
Mga
puli
s na
sang
ko
t sa
pag
kam
atay n
g d
rug s
usp
ects
,
dap
at d
um
aan p
a ri
n s
a
imb
esti
gas
yo
n
July
18
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(64
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1K
3
64
15
5
24
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
HIG
IT 1
00
DR
UG
PU
SH
ER
S,
US
ER
S N
A
SU
MU
KO
, N
AN
UM
PA
SA
HA
RA
P N
G M
GA
PU
LIS
July
4,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1.8
K
32
1
34
Ilan
g m
ga
san
gko
t sa
ili
gal
na
dro
ga,
su
mu
ko
at
nanu
mp
a sa
mga
puli
s. A
ng m
ga
um
am
ing
san
gko
t sa
dro
ga,
nan
aw
agan s
a
mga
sup
pli
er n
a su
mu
ko
na.
25
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MG
A
PU
LIS
, B
INIG
YA
N N
G
BA
SB
AS
NI
DIG
ON
G N
A
PA
TA
YIN
AN
G
MA
NL
AL
AB
AN
NA
KR
IMIN
AL
July
1,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1.1
K
12
8
13
Han
da
raw
si
Pan
gulo
ng D
ute
rte
na
mam
atay p
ara
sa m
ga
puli
s na
tutu
pad
sa
kan
ilan
g t
un
gku
lin.
Per
o b
abal
a ng P
angu
lo,
wal
a
siyan
g p
asen
sya
sa m
ga
alag
ad
ng b
atas
na
tiw
ali
at s
ang
ko
t sa
dro
ga.
26
Chie
f S
up
t. T
inio
, han
da
raw
har
apin
an
g i
mb
esti
gas
yo
n
mat
apo
s p
angal
anan n
i D
ute
rte
na
san
gko
t sa
dro
ga
July
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
(26
7K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
2.4
K
64
6
50
2
27
Pan
elo
, b
inat
iko
s ang p
lano
ni
Sen
. D
e L
ima
na
imb
esti
gas
yo
n
sa m
ga
nap
apat
ay n
a d
rug
susp
ects
July
12
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(14
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
93
1
11
4
99
90
28
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
LA
LA
KIN
G A
DIK
UM
AN
O S
A
CO
UG
H S
YR
UP
, P
AT
AY
SA
PA
NA
NA
MB
AN
G S
A
CA
LO
OC
AN
July
14
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
32
2
73
17
Dal
aw
a an
g p
atay s
a
mag
kahiw
alay n
a p
am
am
aril
sa
Cal
oo
can.
An
g i
sa,
kil
ala
um
ano
ng t
ula
k n
g d
roga
hab
ang
ang i
sa n
am
an a
y a
dik
daw
sa
coug
h s
yru
p.
29
Mal
acañ
ang,
pla
no
ng
imb
esti
gahan
an
g l
ahat
ng L
GU
off
icia
ls s
a m
ga
lugar
na
mat
aas
ang k
aso
ng d
rug a
buse
July
12
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(79
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
2.7
K
96
8
12
6
30
Res
olu
syo
n p
ara
imb
esti
gahan
ang d
rug k
illi
ng
s sa
Kam
ara,
ibin
asura
July
18
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(22
3K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
5.4
K
1.9
K
77
8
31
Lal
akin
g n
aka-u
nip
orm
eng p
uli
s,
pat
ay n
ang m
atagp
uan s
a B
ula
can
July
7,
20
16
Vid
eo
(58
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
83
0
36
5
10
8
32
PN
P:
'We
wil
l no
t sl
ow
do
wn.
Mo
men
tum
is
on o
ur
sid
e'
July
9,
20
16
Vid
eo
(19
5K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.6
K
51
7
29
33
Chin
ese
nat
ional
, nahu
lihan n
g
P6
M n
a hal
aga
ng h
inih
inal
an
g
shab
u s
a C
ebu
July
21
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(42
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1.1
K
34
8
16
4
34
Sin
asa
bin
g d
rug l
ord
na
si P
eter
Lim
, h
um
arap
na
sa N
BI
July
22
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(29
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
30
7
69
38
35
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MG
A
PU
LIS
, K
AN
YA
-KA
NY
AN
G
GIM
IK P
AR
A M
AP
AS
UK
O
AN
G M
GA
DR
UG
PU
SH
ER
,
US
ER
July
18
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1K
1
20
26
An
g i
lan
g m
ga
sum
uko
na
adik
at
push
er,
pin
ag
-zu
mb
a hab
ang a
ng
iba
nam
an a
y p
inak
anta
pa
kas
am
a an
g m
ga
puli
s.
91
36
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MG
A
PU
LIS
, K
AN
YA
-KA
NY
AN
G
GIM
IK P
AR
A M
AP
AS
UK
O
AN
G M
GA
DR
UG
PU
SH
ER
,
US
ER
July
18
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1K
1
20
26
An
g i
lan
g m
ga
sum
uko
na
adik
at
push
er,
pin
ag
-zu
mb
a hab
ang a
ng
iba
nam
an a
y p
inak
anta
pa
kas
am
a an
g m
ga
puli
s.
37
Agar
ang p
ag-s
ira
sa i
ligal
na
dro
ga,
ip
atutu
pad
ni
PN
P C
hie
f
Del
a R
osa
July
15
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(9.6
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
47
8
70
25
38
PN
P C
hie
f 'B
ato
,' k
inu
mp
irm
ang
may s
um
uko
ng d
rug
per
sonal
itie
s kan
inan
g h
apo
n
July
1,
20
16
Vid
eo
(39
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
6.6
K
2.2
K
31
1
39
Pre
s. D
ute
rte,
pai
imb
esti
gah
an
ang m
ga
lokal
na
pam
ahal
aan
kau
gnay n
g i
ligal
na
dro
ga
July
13
,
20
16
Vid
eo
10
5K
vid
eo)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
1K
4
76
84
40
Del
a R
osa
, d
i ri
n d
aw
mai
wasa
n
na
maa
larm
a sa
pag
kakap
atay s
a
ilan
g s
usp
ek
July
15
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(41
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
49
2
62
34
41
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
AW
OL
NA
PU
LIS
, P
AT
AY
MA
TA
PO
S
MA
NL
AB
AN
SA
BU
Y-B
US
T
OP
ER
AT
ION
SA
MA
YN
ILA
July
28
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
88
8
11
6
25
Pat
ay a
ng i
san
g p
uli
s m
atap
os
man
lab
an s
a d
rug o
per
atio
n s
a
Mayn
ila.
Nak
ahal
ata
raw
an
g
susp
ek k
aya
agad
ito
ng
nag
pap
uto
k s
a m
ga
oto
rid
ad.
42
Dat
os
ng m
ga
nap
apat
ay a
t
nah
uhuli
sa
kam
pan
ya
ko
ntr
a
ilig
al n
a d
roga,
ala
min
July
15
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(27
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
54
6
17
2
94
43
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
EX
CL
US
IVE
| K
AK
UL
AN
GA
N
NG
RE
HA
B C
EN
TE
R,
MA
S
LA
LA
LA
DA
HIL
SA
RA
MI
NG
SU
MU
SU
KO
July
22
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
32
0
45
51
Bag
o p
a m
an a
ng s
unud
-suno
d n
a
pag
suko
ng d
rug s
usp
ects
,
sik
sikan
na
ang m
ga
rehab
cen
ter
sa b
ansa
. K
aya
ang p
rob
lem
a sa
kak
ula
ngan n
g p
asil
idad
, la
lo
pan
g l
um
ala
.
92
44
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
TA
LA
KA
YA
N |
IMB
ES
TIG
AS
YO
N S
A M
GA
HE
NE
RA
L N
A S
AN
GK
OT
UM
AN
O S
A D
RO
GA
July
7,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
85
6
16
9
73
Ala
min
an
g m
ga
pro
seso
at
hak
bang n
a gagaw
in p
ara
sa
imb
esti
gas
yo
n n
g m
ga
hener
al n
a
san
gko
t u
man
o s
a d
roga
sa
pan
ayam
kay A
tty.
Ro
gel
io
Cas
ura
o,
Vic
e C
hai
rman a
t
Exec
uti
ve
Off
icer
ng
NA
PO
LC
OM
.
45
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
AA
BO
T
SA
P1
.7B
HA
LA
GA
NG
ILIG
AL
NA
DR
OG
A,
SIN
IRA
NG
MG
A O
TO
RID
AD
July
15
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
67
3
48
20
Pag
pap
akit
a ra
w i
to n
a w
ala
ng
inte
nsy
on
g i
-rec
ycl
e ang m
ga
nas
abat
na
dro
ga,
ayo
n k
ay P
NP
Chie
f D
ela
Ro
sa.
46
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
2
NO
TO
RY
US
UM
AN
ON
G
DR
UG
PU
SH
ER
, N
AP
AT
AY
SA
QC
July
19
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
38
9
48
44
Pat
ay a
ng d
alaw
ang n
oto
ryus
um
ano
na
dru
g p
ush
er s
a Q
uezo
n
CIt
y.
Ang i
sa s
a m
ga
bik
tim
a,
hin
di
raw
nan
lab
an p
ero
pin
atay
pa
rin d
aw
.
47
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
ILA
NG
LE
AD
ER
SA
MG
A S
EL
DA
SA
BIL
IBID
,
NA
KIP
AG
TU
LU
NG
AN
SA
OP
LA
N G
AL
UG
AD
NG
SA
F
July
27
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
4.7
K
1.3
K
13
1
An
g i
lan
g p
reso
, it
inuro
pa
raw
ku
ng s
aan n
akat
ago
ang i
lan
g
dro
ga.
48
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
H2
O |
RE
HA
B P
AR
A S
A D
RU
G
SU
SP
EC
TS
July
19
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
28
6
38
11
Ano
nga
ban
g p
lano
ng g
ob
yern
o
sa m
ga
sum
uko
? A
lam
in s
a
pan
ayam
kay S
Sup
t. D
ionar
do
Car
los,
sp
okes
per
son n
g P
NP
.
49
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
3
HE
NE
RA
L N
A N
AD
AD
AW
IT
SA
DR
OG
A,
HU
MA
RA
P S
A
NA
PO
LC
OM
July
7,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1K
8
2
76
Sa
har
ap n
ito
, nanin
dig
an a
ng
Pal
asyo
na
wal
ang t
rial
by
pub
lici
ty n
a nan
gyayar
i at
bin
ibig
yan
ng d
ue
pro
cess
an
g
mga
inaa
ku
sahan
.
93
50
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PU
LIS
NA
SA
NG
KO
T S
A D
RO
GA
,
PA
TA
Y M
AT
AP
OS
MA
NL
AB
AN
SA
MG
A
KA
BA
RO
July
26
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
96
0
10
0
50
Susp
ek d
aw
an
g p
uli
s sa
pag
-
recy
cle
ng m
ga
nak
uku
mp
iskang
shab
u.
51
Mga
mayo
r na
san
gko
t u
mano
sa
ilig
al n
a d
roga,
tutu
ku
yin
daw
ni
Pan
gu
lon
g D
ute
rte
July
11
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(44
4K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
7K
3
.9K
6
65
52
Ret
. G
en.
Lo
ot,
ip
inak
ita
ang m
ga
nat
ang
gap
na
med
alya
sa
pag
lab
an s
a d
roga
kasu
no
d n
g
pag
daw
it s
a kan
ya
bil
ang
pro
tekto
r d
aw n
g d
rug l
ord
July
7,
20
16
Vid
eo
(33
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
2.3
K
1K
2
.1K
53
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PR
ES
.
DU
TE
RT
E,
IMIN
UN
GK
AH
ING
GA
WIN
G R
EH
AB
CE
NT
ER
S
AN
G M
GA
KA
MP
O N
G
MIL
ITA
R
July
28
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
16
7
2
3
Ito
raw
ay p
ara
mas
iguro
ng h
ind
i
na
sila
makak
apam
bik
tim
a p
a.
54
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
RE
AK
SY
ON
| O
PE
RA
SY
ON
NG
PU
LIS
YA
SA
PA
GS
UG
PO
SA
IL
IGA
L N
G D
RO
GA
PA
RT
(2/2
)
July
29
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1.3
K
99
27
PN
P C
hie
f R
onal
d "
Bat
o"
Del
a
Ro
sa,
ku
mp
iyansa
ng
mai
sasa
katu
par
an a
ng p
agsu
gp
o
sa i
ligal
na
dro
ga
sa l
oo
b n
g a
nim
na
bu
wan.
55
WA
TC
H |
PN
P C
hie
f D
ela
Ro
sa
kay J
ayb
ee S
ebas
tian:
'Ikaw
pal
a
siga
dit
o?'
Nak
ahar
ap n
a ni
PN
P C
hie
f B
ato
Del
a R
osa
an
g m
ayo
r sa
Bil
ibid
July
20
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(2M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
13
K
11
K
1.3
K
94
at b
igti
me
dru
g l
ord
na
si J
ayb
ee
Seb
asti
an.
Pan
oo
rin.
56
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
4 D
RU
G
SU
SP
EC
TS
, P
AT
AY
SA
MA
GK
AK
AH
IWA
LA
Y N
G
OP
ER
AS
YO
N S
A Q
C
July
26
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
27
3
19
13
Lahat
sil
a, h
inih
inal
an
g s
ang
ko
t
sa i
ligal
na
dro
ga.
57
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
5 P
AT
AY
SA
MA
GK
AK
AH
IWA
LA
Y N
A
DR
UG
BU
Y-B
US
T
OP
ER
AT
ION
SA
BA
TA
AN
July
21
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
1.1
K
22
8
36
Pat
ay a
ng l
iman
g h
inih
inal
ang
dru
g p
ush
er m
ata
po
s m
anla
ban
sa
mga
puli
s sa
Bat
aan.
58
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
BIL
AN
G
NG
NA
PA
TA
Y N
A S
AN
GK
OT
UM
AN
O S
A D
RO
GA
, H
AL
OS
20
0 N
A
July
15
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
23
6
16
65
Ayo
n s
a h
uli
ng t
ala
ng P
NP
,
mu
la M
ay 1
0 2
01
6,
aab
ot
sa
hal
os
20
0 n
a an
g n
apat
ay n
a
san
gko
t u
man
o s
a il
igal
na
dro
ga.
PN
P C
hie
f D
ela
Ro
sa,
nab
abah
ala
na
sa d
am
i ng
nap
apat
ay.
59
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
2 A
WO
L
NA
PU
LIS
, P
AT
AY
SA
MA
GK
AH
IWA
LA
Y N
A A
NT
I-
DR
UG
OP
S N
G P
NP
July
28
,
20
16
O
ct.
4,
20
18
36
2
44
8
Isa
sa k
anil
a, s
up
pli
er p
a u
mano
ng d
roga
sa i
lan
g l
ugar
sa
Met
ro
Man
ila.
60
WA
TC
H |
PN
P C
hie
f D
ela
Ro
sa
kay H
erb
ert
Co
langco
: 'I
kaw
yu
ng k
um
akanta
?'
Nak
ahar
ap n
a ni
PN
P C
hie
f B
ato
Del
a R
osa
an
g r
eco
rdin
g a
rtis
t sa
Bil
ibid
at
big
tim
e d
rug l
ord
na
si
Her
ber
t C
ola
ngco
. P
ano
ori
n.
July
20
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(1.8
M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 4
,
20
18
13
K
13
K
2.5
K
95
Ap
pen
dix
C. D
ata
base
of
Po
licy
-Rel
ate
d C
on
ten
ts P
ost
ed b
y R
ap
ple
r, I
nq
uir
er.n
et, G
MA
New
s, A
BS
-
CB
N N
ews,
an
d N
ews5
on
th
eir
Fa
ceb
oo
k P
ag
es i
n A
ug
ust
2016
R
ap
ple
r
Tit
le
Da
te
Co
nte
nt
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
"Day
of
Act
ion"
agai
nst
kil
lin
gs,
thre
ats
of
Mar
tial
Law
Au
g.
11
,
20
16
Pho
tos
Oct
. 4
, 2
01
8
4.6
K
2K
3
.4K
Yo
uth
and
stu
den
t gro
up
s hel
d p
rote
st
acti
ons
at t
he
Un
iver
sity
of
the
Phil
ipp
ines
Dil
iman a
s p
art
of
a nati
on
wid
e “D
ay o
f
Act
ion”
agai
nst
the
spat
e o
f extr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
in r
elat
ion t
o t
he
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion
's #
War
OnD
rug
s an
d o
f th
e
rece
nt
mar
tial
law
pro
no
unce
men
ts.
Pho
to b
y J
oel
Lip
ora
da
2
Lig
ao C
ity's
fem
ale
po
lice
chie
f is
'to
p
per
form
er' i
n B
ico
l
anti
-dru
g c
am
pai
gn
Au
g.
29
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
1K
2
49
14
Sup
elan
a sa
id t
he
yo
ungest
dru
g u
ser
in
thei
r ci
ty i
s 1
7 y
ears
old
, w
hil
e th
e o
ldes
t is
80
yea
rs o
ld.
3
Dute
rte
resp
ond
s to
Ser
eno
's c
once
rn o
ver
his
'dru
g' l
ist
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Vid
eo
(1.1
M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
12
K
11
K
1.5
K
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dri
go
Dute
rte
reac
ted
to
Chie
f
Just
ice
Mar
ia L
ourd
es S
eren
o's
co
nce
rn
over
his
lis
t o
f ju
dges
and
oth
er
pub
lic
off
icia
ls a
lleged
ly l
inked
to
th
e d
rug t
rad
e,
sayin
g i
t's
his
jo
b t
o i
nfo
rm t
he
pub
lic
of
such m
att
ers.
Full
sto
ry:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
aHK
pA
J
96
4
War
on d
rugs'
beg
ins
in B
GC
, M
akati
bar
s
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
95
3
55
16
Sev
eral
clu
bs
and
bar
s b
ased
in M
akat
i an
d
Tag
uig
inked
the
dea
l w
ith p
oli
ce a
s a
sho
w
of
“sup
po
rt”
for
the
po
lice
fo
rce’
s
#W
arO
nD
rug
s.
5
Go
v't
to l
aunch
pub
lic
serv
ice
ads
vs
ille
gal
dru
gs
Au
g.
28
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
85
9
54
36
The
Phil
ipp
ine
go
ver
nm
ent
step
s up
its
anti
-ill
egal
dru
g e
ffo
rts
wit
h p
ub
lic
serv
ice
anno
unce
ment
vid
eos.
6
Insi
de
the
bra
in o
f a
dru
g u
ser
Au
g.
20
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
84
1
49
6
60
Acc
ord
ing t
o t
he
hea
lth d
epar
tmen
t,
reco
ver
y f
rom
dru
g a
dd
icti
on c
an b
e a
long
-ter
m p
roce
ss t
hat
may r
eq
uir
e m
ult
iple
epis
od
es o
f tr
eatm
ent.
#W
arO
nD
rugs
7
Ro
wena
Tia
mso
n:
Gra
duat
ing h
ono
r
stud
ent,
cho
ir
mem
ber
– n
ot
a d
rug
push
er
Au
g.
14
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
69
8
14
4
75
She
was
sm
art,
she
was
tale
nte
d,
and
she
was
no
t su
pp
ose
d t
o b
e p
art
of
the
“co
llat
eral
dam
age”
of
the
inte
nse
war
agai
nst
dru
gs
in t
he
Phil
ipp
ines.
8
Kid
s u
nsa
fe i
n
soci
ety t
hat
co
nd
ones
vio
lence
– f
em
ale
LP
law
maker
s
Au
g.
16
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
56
8
48
22
1
Fiv
e fe
mal
e le
gis
lato
rs f
rom
the
Lib
eral
Par
ty u
rged
the
Ho
use
of
Rep
rese
nta
tives
to i
nvest
igat
e th
e sp
ike
of
app
aren
t
sum
mar
y e
xec
uti
ons.
#W
arO
nD
rug
s
9
SC
ord
ers
pro
be
on
jud
ges
nam
ed i
n
Dute
rte's
dru
g l
ist
Au
g.
9,
20
16
A
rtic
le
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
54
9
54
54
The
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
has
ord
ered
a f
act-
find
ing i
nves
tigati
on o
n t
he
jud
ges
ear
lier
accu
sed
by P
resi
den
t R
od
y D
ute
rte
of
bei
ng i
nvo
lved
in t
he
ille
gal
dru
g t
rad
e.
10
War
on D
rugs:
Phase
2 t
arget
s d
rug l
ord
s –
Del
a R
osa
Au
g.
31
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
54
6
43
40
The
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
(P
NP
) –
and
oth
er l
aw
en
forc
em
ent
agenci
es –
are
mo
vin
g o
nto
“P
has
e 2
” o
f th
e so
-cal
led
war
on d
rugs.
11
PH
'war
on d
rug
s'
sho
uld
dra
w l
esso
ns
fro
m o
ther
co
untr
ies
Au
g.
10
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
47
2
72
17
8
"Bri
ngin
g i
n m
etho
d t
o t
his
mad
nes
s:
Lea
rnin
g f
rom
the
exp
erie
nce
of
oth
er
countr
ies.
" #
IMH
O
97
12
An e
mp
athic
min
ori
ty
Au
g.
12
,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Oct
. 4
, 2
01
8
46
0
14
7
16
2
"We
are
crea
ting a
so
ciet
y d
evo
id o
f
em
pat
hy,
a m
ass
of
peo
ple
wh
o c
anno
t se
e
that
they t
hem
selv
es c
ould
be
kil
led
or
lose
loved
ones
th
is w
ay."
– S
hak
ira
Sis
on
#IM
HO
13
Del
a R
osa
to
Sen
ate
wit
ness
es v
s co
ps:
Sta
y i
n t
he
'Whit
e
Ho
use
'
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
43
1
18
48
PN
P c
hie
f R
onal
d d
ela
Ro
sa o
ffer
ed h
is
off
icia
l re
sid
ence
in C
am
p C
ram
e as
tem
po
rary
shelt
er f
or
gri
evin
g r
elat
ives
of
tho
se a
lleged
ly k
ille
d i
n t
he
go
ver
nm
ent's
#W
arO
nD
rug
s.
14
Reh
ab c
ente
rs
sho
rtag
e: 1
00
yea
rs t
o
trea
t d
rug
surr
end
erer
s –
Rec
to
Au
g.
10
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
41
7
36
21
6
Sen
ato
r R
alp
h R
ecto
urg
es f
or
the
exp
ansi
on o
f th
e co
untr
y's
dru
g
rehab
ilit
atio
n s
yst
em
, giv
en t
he
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion
's c
rack
do
wn o
n d
rugs.
15
Dute
rte
nam
es
off
icia
ls l
inked
to
dru
gs
Au
g.
7,
20
16
A
rtic
le
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
39
5
84
15
TO
P S
TO
RY
:
Lin
ked
to
dru
gs?
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte
revea
ls n
am
es
of
off
icia
ls.
#W
arO
nD
rugs
16
Phil
ipp
ines
to
UN
:
Dute
rte
no
t
com
mit
ting c
rim
e
Au
g.
19
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(21
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
39
2
67
21
8
The
Phil
ipp
ine
go
ver
nm
ent
crit
iciz
es a
s
"bas
eles
s an
d r
eckle
ss"
a U
nit
ed N
atio
ns
stat
em
ent
that
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte’s
war
on i
lleg
al d
rugs
am
ou
nte
d t
o
inci
tem
ent
to v
iole
nce
and
kil
ling,
a cr
ime
und
er i
nte
rnat
ional
law
. M
ore
on t
he
6P
M
wR
ap:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
bC
xj8
r
17
De
Lim
a: C
op
kil
ling
susp
ect
abo
ut
to
surr
end
er 'c
lear
ly a
crim
e'
Au
g.
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
35
9
22
16
7
Sen
ato
r L
eila
de
Lim
a sa
ys
the
rece
nt
kil
lin
g o
f a
dru
g s
usp
ect
in P
asay C
ity
wh
ile
sig
nif
yin
g i
nte
nt
to s
urr
end
er i
s a
'cle
ar c
rim
inal
act
.' #
War
OnD
rug
s
18
DJ
Kar
en B
ord
ado
r,
bo
yfr
iend
arr
este
d i
n
dru
g o
per
atio
n
Au
g.
15
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
35
0
42
50
UP
DA
TE
D.
In a
rep
ort
, R
adio
DJ
Kar
en
Bo
rdad
or
can b
e hea
rd s
ayin
g:
"Wal
a p
o
ako
ng g
inagaw
a...
bu
mis
ita
lang a
ko
."
98
19
Eas
tern
Vis
ayas
law
yer
s co
nd
em
n
kil
lin
g o
f R
ogel
io
Bat
o J
r
Au
g.
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
32
7
28
53
Ro
gel
io B
ato
, Jr
. w
as t
he
legal
co
unse
l o
f
the
em
bat
tled
Alb
uer
a, L
eyte
mayo
r
Ro
land
o E
spin
osa
. B
ato
and
a h
igh s
cho
ol
stud
ent
wer
e sh
ot
dea
d b
y u
nid
enti
fied
gu
nm
en.
20
PN
P t
o t
alk t
o c
lub
and
bar
ow
ner
s in
Mak
ati,
Tag
uig
in i
ts
wa…
Au
g.
11
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(69
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
32
0
53
28
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
to
tal
k t
o
Mak
ati,
Tag
uig
bar
ow
ner
s in
its
war
agai
nst
ill
egal
dru
gs.
Full
vid
eo
:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
aOp
V9
k
21
FA
CT
CH
EC
K:
One
jud
ge
in D
ute
rte
list
alre
ady d
ead
fo
r 8
yea
rs
Au
g.
8,
20
16
A
rtic
le
Oct
. 4
, 2
01
8
31
8
35
68
Do
yo
u h
ave
info
rmat
ion t
o c
orr
ect
or
add
to w
hat
's o
n t
he
Dute
rte
list
? R
app
ler
is
cro
wd
sourc
ing i
nfo
rmat
ion o
n t
he
ind
ivid
ual
s o
n D
ute
rte's
lis
t. C
om
ment
bel
ow
or
em
ail
invest
igat
ive@
rap
ple
r.co
m
for
confi
denti
al i
nfo
rmat
ion.
Or
sim
ply
tag
@ra
pp
lerd
otc
om
on T
wit
ter.
22
UN
OD
C r
aise
s
conce
rn o
ver
dru
g-
rela
ted
kil
lin
gs
in P
H
Au
g.
4,
20
16
A
rtic
le
Oct
. 4
, 2
01
8
25
4
40
10
6
The
Unit
ed N
atio
ns
Off
ice
on D
rug
s an
d
Cri
me
has
exp
ress
ed c
once
rn o
n t
he
rise
of
kil
lin
gs
of
susp
ecte
d d
rug p
erso
nal
itie
s in
the
Phil
ipp
ines.
23
Dute
rte
to U
N e
xp
ert:
'Let
's h
ave
a d
ebat
e'
Au
g.
22
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
25
4
27
13
"Let
him
tal
k t
o m
e an
d l
et h
im f
ace
me
wit
h h
ard
fac
ts.
No
t new
spap
er
clip
pin
gs…
.Let
's h
ave
a d
ebat
e,"
he
said
.
24
US
exp
ress
es
conce
rn
on P
H e
xtr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Vid
eo
(58
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
24
9
11
6
11
8
The
Unit
ed S
tate
s exp
ress
es c
once
rn o
n t
he
risi
ng n
um
ber
of
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
in
the
Phil
ipp
ines.
Fu
ll v
ideo
her
e:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
b4
ByM
O
25
The
Dute
rte
list
:
Jud
ges
, m
ayo
rs,
po
lice
off
icia
ls l
inked
to d
rugs
Au
g.
7,
20
16
A
rtic
le
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
23
2
28
51
A c
aref
ul
chec
k,
ho
wev
er,
rev
eale
d t
hat
info
rmat
ion h
as n
ot
bee
n s
uff
icie
ntl
y
ver
ifie
d.
Am
on
g o
ther
s, a
jud
ge
who
se
99
nam
e w
as
incl
ud
ed i
n t
he
list
, has
alr
ead
y
bee
n d
ead
sin
ce 2
00
8.
26
Ser
eno
exp
ress
es
conce
rn o
ver
Dute
rte
dru
gs
list
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Vid
eo
(81
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
21
6
41
61
Chie
f Ju
stic
e M
aria
Lo
urd
es S
eren
o w
rite
s
a le
tter
to
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte
Mo
nd
ay
exp
ress
ing c
once
rn o
ver
his
lis
t o
f ju
dges
,
loca
l go
ver
nm
ent
off
icia
ls,
po
licem
en,
and
sold
iers
all
eged
ly i
nvo
lved
in d
rugs.
Mo
re
on t
he
6P
M w
Rap
: htt
p:/
/bit
.ly
/2aF
SP
bJ
27
Dute
rte
mat
rix c
laim
s
Pan
gas
inan
's E
spin
o
into
pri
son d
rug t
rad
e
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
20
6
51
24
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dri
go
Dute
rte
sho
wed
a c
op
y
of
his
"M
unti
nlu
pa
Co
nnec
tio
n"
mat
rix
earl
y t
his
mo
rnin
g.
#W
arO
nD
rug
s
28
AF
P:
4 s
old
iers
in
Dute
rte
list
no
lo
nger
in s
ervic
e
Au
g.
8,
,20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
20
1
29
67
4 A
FP
per
sonnel
menti
oned
in
the
list
of
off
icia
ls s
up
po
sed
ly i
nvo
lved
in t
he
ille
gal
dru
g t
rad
e ar
e no
lo
nger
wit
h t
he
mil
itar
y.
#W
arO
nD
rug
s
29
PH
to
US
: W
e do
n't
cond
one
unla
wfu
l
kil
lin
gs
Au
g.
14
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
19
2
90
24
The
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion i
ssued
a
stat
em
ent
agai
nst
"un
law
ful"
kil
lin
gs
aft
er
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s sa
id i
t is
"co
ncer
ned
"
abo
ut
rece
nt
extr
ajud
icia
l k
illi
ng
s in
the
Phil
ipp
ines
.
30
MA
P:
Are
the
dru
g-
rela
ted
kil
lin
gs
rela
ted
to
po
ver
ty,
crim
e ra
te?
Au
g.
14
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
18
8
20
63
The
go
ver
nm
ent's
war
agai
nst
dru
gs
conti
nues
, w
ith t
he
nu
mb
er o
f re
po
rted
dru
g-r
elat
ed k
illi
ngs
incr
easi
ng b
y t
he
day.
31
SC
rej
ects
res
ignat
ion
of
jud
ge
on d
rug l
ist
Au
g.
16
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(55
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
16
1
28
44
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
of
the
Phil
ipp
ines
rej
ects
resi
gnat
ion o
f ju
dge
on 'd
rug l
ist.
' Fu
ll
vid
eo h
ere:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
b0
Qk
Rp
10
0
32
Dute
rte
hit
s U
N f
or
'stu
pid
pro
po
siti
on' v
s
dru
gs
Au
g.
18
,
20
16
Vid
eos
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
14
9
27
21
Pre
sid
ent
Dute
rte:
"H
ere
com
es
the
UN
,
easi
ly s
wayed
and
co
min
g o
n a
ver
y s
tup
id
pro
po
siti
on."
33
LIS
T:
Susp
ecte
d d
rug
lord
s kil
led
und
er
Dute
rte
go
v't
Au
g.
31
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
14
7
8
16
This
lis
t w
ill
be
const
antl
y u
pd
ated
as
the
#W
arO
nD
rug
s co
nti
nues.
34
WA
TC
H:
Leil
a d
e
Lim
a's
pri
vil
ege
spee
ch o
n
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
Au
g.
2,
20
16
V
ideo
O
ct.
5,
201
8
14
5
15
24
WA
TC
H L
IVE
: S
enat
or
Leil
a d
e L
ima
giv
es
a p
rivil
ege
spee
ch o
n e
xtr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs.
35
Rap
ple
r A
ug.
11
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
14
0
22
50
Yo
uth
and
stu
den
t gro
up
s hel
d p
rote
st
acti
ons
at t
he
Un
iver
sity
of
Santo
To
mas
as
par
t o
f a
nat
ion
wid
e “D
ay o
f A
ctio
n”
agai
nst
the
spat
e o
f extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
in
rela
tio
n t
o t
he
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion
's
#W
arO
nD
rug
s an
d o
f th
e re
cent
mar
tial
law
pro
no
unce
men
ts.
Pho
to b
y R
app
ler
36
Dute
rte
& U
N,
war
on i
lleg
al d
rugs,
To
kyo
20
20
| 6
PM
wR
ap
Au
g.
22
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 4
, 2
01
8
11
7
8
14
Tod
ay o
n R
app
ler:
*Y
asay:
PH
is
no
t le
avin
g t
he
UN
*D
ela
Ro
sa r
elie
ves
Anti
po
lo c
op
s li
nked
to i
lleg
al d
rugs
*S
iso
n,
Tia
mzo
ns
reunit
e in
Osl
o a
fter
30
yea
rs
*D
ute
rte's
dir
ecti
ve
to v
acat
e p
ost
only
app
lica
ble
to
Aq
uin
o a
pp
oin
tees
*A
be
clo
ses
Rio
Oly
mp
ics
in g
eek
iest
way
po
ssib
le
10
1
Wat
ch #
Thew
Rap
her
e!
37
UN
OD
C c
ond
em
ns
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
in P
H
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Vid
eo
(32
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
11
5
21
32
UN
OD
C -
Unit
ed N
atio
ns
Off
ice
on D
rug
s
and
Cri
me
cond
em
ns
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
in t
he
Phil
ipp
ines
. F
ull
vid
eo h
ere
:
htt
p:/
/bit
.ly/2
auS
yrQ
38
The
Dru
g W
ar:
Saf
e
for
the
go
od
Au
g.
22
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
10
9
13
20
Jose
phin
e sa
ys
ther
e w
ere
peo
ple
who
saw
wh
at h
app
ened
. S
he
says
they k
no
w w
ho
kil
led
Jer
om
e.
She
do
es n
ot
exp
ect
them
to
sp
eak –
they
are
afra
id,
and
they w
ould
be
righ
t to
be
afra
id.
They
mig
ht
be
nex
t.
39
Su
mm
ary k
illi
ngs
und
er D
ute
rte
adm
in
'unp
rece
den
ted
' –
CH
R
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
10
3
17
58
CH
R:
“Per
hap
s d
uri
ng t
he
Mart
ial
Law
per
iod
, th
ere
mig
ht
have
bee
n a
sig
nif
ican
t
am
ou
nt
of
case
s, b
ut
this
nat
ure
or
mag
nit
ud
e, n
one.
”
40
PH
rej
ects
'inte
rfer
ence
' of
UN
in 'h
ouse
ho
ld a
ffai
rs'
Au
g.
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
10
0
15
14
It w
as D
ute
rte's
ow
n c
hie
f le
gal
co
unse
l,
Sal
vad
or
Pan
elo
, w
ho
chal
len
ged
UN
exp
erts
to
pro
be
the
kil
lin
gs.
41
Dute
rte
off
ers
P2
-M
bo
unty
fo
r co
ps
into
dru
g t
rad
e
Au
g.
30
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
66
4
9
To h
is a
ud
ience
of
Cab
inet
secr
etar
ies,
dip
lom
ats,
so
ldie
rs,
and
mil
itar
y r
etir
ees,
he
joked
, "I
pag
bil
i niy
o n
a kab
igan
niy
o (
Sel
l
out
yo
ur
frie
nd
s)."
42
Ep
icen
ters
of
fata
liti
es i
n t
he
war
on d
rugs
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
66
11
6
Met
ro M
anil
a has
the
hig
hest
nu
mb
er o
f
fata
liti
es,
foll
ow
ed b
y C
ebu,
Bula
can,
Quez
on,
and
Pan
gas
inan.
Bula
can,
Zam
bale
s an
d p
arts
of
Met
ro M
anil
a al
so
stan
d o
ut
due
to t
he
nu
mb
er o
f fa
tali
ties
lin
ked
to
po
lice
op
erat
ions.
10
2
Rea
d m
ore
ab
out
the
stati
stic
s o
n
#W
arO
nD
rug
s:
43
Insi
de
a d
rug d
en
Au
g.
28
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
4,
201
8
42
11
16
What
is
it l
ike
insi
de
a d
rug d
en? F
ind
out
her
e:
44
Par
t 2
: T
he
dan
ger
s
of
the
Danger
ous
Dru
gs
Act
Au
g.
29
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
201
8
42
7
16
“The
pro
secu
tio
n w
ill
tell
the
po
lice
, yo
u
wea
ken
ed t
he
evid
ence
. T
he
law
enfo
rcem
ent
wo
uld
tel
l p
rose
cuti
on t
hat
they p
erfo
rmed
magic
that
's w
hy t
he
case
was
dis
mis
sed
.”
45
Rap
ple
r A
ug.
10
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
9
0
5
46
Rap
ple
r A
ug.
10
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 5
, 2
01
8
7
0
6
Inq
uir
er.n
et
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
Dute
rte
thre
aten
ed t
o
pull
PH
out
of
UN
Au
g.
22
,
20
16
O
ct.
5,
20
18
5.9
K
82
9
87
1
Pre
s. R
od
y D
ute
rte:
“M
ayb
e w
e’l
l ju
st
hav
e to
dec
ide
to s
epar
ate
fro
m t
he
Unit
ed N
atio
ns.
If
yo
u a
re t
hat
rud
e, s
on
of
a b
itch
, th
en w
e’l
l ju
st l
eav
e yo
u."
2
DJ
Kar
en B
ord
ado
r
did
n’t
sho
w s
igns
of
dru
g t
ies
at w
ork
—
RX
93
.1
Au
g.
18
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
26
2
13
12
8
RX
93
.1 s
aid
it
was
no
t co
nd
onin
g d
rug
use
by a
ny o
f it
s st
aff
and
co
nd
emned
the
use
of
ille
gal
sub
stance
s.
10
3
3
Jail
ed D
J w
on
’t s
ign
dru
g t
est
pap
ers
Au
g.
17
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
62
6
88
37
This
is
wh
y K
aren
Bo
rdad
or
do
esn
't
want
to s
ign
:
4
1,8
00 d
ead
in
anti
dru
g w
ar n
ot
gen
oci
de,
says
Dute
rte
Au
g.
30
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
39
1
34
46
Pre
s. R
od
y D
ute
rte:
“G
eno
cid
e? W
ho
did
I k
ill?
I d
id n
ot
kil
l an
y c
hil
d..
. I'
m
fighti
ng..
. cr
imin
als.
"
5
Dute
rte
po
pula
rity
star
ts t
o e
rod
e
Au
g.
3,
20
16
O
ct.
5,
20
18
41
5
60
24
1
AN
AL
YS
IS:
"The
big
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n M
r. D
ute
rte
and
his
ro
le m
od
els
is t
hat
they d
id n
ot
rule
wit
h a
vo
w t
o
kil
l p
eop
le s
usp
ecte
d o
f b
eing c
rim
inal
s
and
dru
g l
ord
s."
6
SC
pan
el t
o p
rob
e
rights
ab
use
s
Au
g.
28
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
86
4
24
The
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
has
cre
ated
a p
anel
to l
oo
k i
nto
the
risi
ng c
ases
of
hu
man
rights
ab
use
s ac
ross
the
coun
try.
7
Ho
use
set
s o
wn p
rob
e
into
kil
lin
gs
Au
g.
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
12
8
9
25
Ther
e w
ill
be
one
for
the
Ho
use
, an
d o
ne
for
the
Senat
e.
8
Isab
ela
Cit
y c
op
nab
bed
fo
r p
edd
ling
shab
u
Au
g.
12
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
71
5
18
4
21
A d
rug p
edd
ler
in b
lue.
9
Mo
re w
itnes
ses
to
face
Senat
e as
pro
be
on s
um
mar
y k
illi
ngs
resu
mes
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
18
7
13
82
Wat
ch t
he
lives
trea
m o
f to
day's
Sen
ate
inq
uir
y h
ere:
fb
.co
m/i
nq
uir
erd
otn
et
10
Sub
ic ‘
dru
g u
ser’
kil
led
in
sid
e o
wn
ho
me
Au
g.
16
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
39
5
91
54
He
was
am
ong t
he
1,4
50
co
nfe
ssed
dru
g
dep
end
ents
who
surr
end
ered
to
auth
ori
ties
in S
ub
ic,
Zam
bal
es
und
er t
he
go
ver
nm
ent’
s O
pla
n T
okhan
g.
11
Quez
on s
olo
n’s
bro
ther
, nep
hew
on
dru
g l
ist
yie
ld t
o c
lear
nam
es
Au
g.
14
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
59
7
67
73
Quez
on R
ep.
Vic
ente
Alc
ala
too
k h
is
yo
unger
bro
ther
, C
eril
o “
Ath
el”
Alc
ala,
and
his
nep
hew
, S
ajid
, C
eril
o’s
so
n,
to
10
4
the
Luce
na
Cit
y p
oli
ce s
tati
on o
n
Su
nd
ay s
o t
hey c
an c
lear
thei
r nam
es.
12
Unem
plo
yed
man o
n
dru
g w
atch l
ist
kil
led
in E
cija
to
wn
Au
g.
1,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
14
7
5
15
He
was
on a
lo
cal
dru
g w
atch l
ist.
13
Int’
l ri
ghts
gro
up
:
Dute
rte’s
dru
g w
ar
pac
ks
jail
s to
‘bre
akin
g p
oin
t’
Au
g.
3,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
Oct
. 5
,
20
18
40
1
74
12
6
The
Hu
man R
ights
Wat
ch s
aid
that
the
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion s
ho
uld
ad
dre
ss
the
dep
lora
ble
co
nd
itio
ns
of
the
countr
y’s
jai
ls.
14
Dru
g s
usp
ect
sho
t
dea
d f
or
tryin
g t
o s
tab
PD
EA
exec
Au
g.
19
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
36
3
40
56
The
det
ainee
all
eged
ly t
ried
to
sta
b t
he
agen
cy’s
dep
uty
reg
ional
dir
ecto
r w
ith a
roo
f nai
l.
15
Dute
rte
tell
s cr
itic
s:
Co
unt
cop
s, s
old
iers
kil
led
in d
rug w
ar,
too
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
61
0
19
0
43
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte:
"I
am
lo
sin
g
two
po
lice
men o
r so
ldie
rs a
day
bec
ause
of
the
dru
g w
ar."
16
Co
ps
to v
isit
, ta
lk t
o
Leyte
mayo
r, s
on i
nto
surr
end
erin
g
Au
g.
1,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
19
2
26
16
“Oth
erw
ise,
an o
rder
of
sho
ot
on s
igh
t
wil
l b
e giv
en i
f th
ey r
esis
t an
d e
nd
anger
the
lives
of
arre
stin
g p
oli
ce o
ffic
ers.
”
17
Po
e w
ants
ind
epen
den
t
lead
ersh
ip o
f P
NP
inte
rnal
affa
irs
serv
ice
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
40
4
34
49
Sen
. G
race
Po
e p
oin
ted
out
the
nee
d f
or
a “b
alan
cin
g a
ct”
in t
hat
the
po
lice
fo
rce
sho
uld
als
o b
e su
bje
ct t
o a
n i
nd
epen
den
t
invest
igat
ion.
18
Alv
arez
ref
ers
pro
be
on E
spin
o t
o H
ouse
com
mit
tee
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
16
1
10
27
Sp
eaker
Pan
tale
on A
lvar
ez s
aid
he
has
yet
to
tal
k t
o t
he
congre
ssm
an w
ho
was
lin
ked
by P
resi
den
t R
od
rigo
Dute
rte
to
be
in c
aho
ots
wit
h S
enat
or
Lei
la D
e
Lim
a in
the
dru
g t
rad
e in
sid
e th
e
Nat
ional
Bil
ibid
Pri
son.
10
5
19
Co
ps
lin
ked
to
dru
gs,
slays
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
O
ct.
5,
20
18
12
3
19
49
TO
P S
TO
RY
: M
ore
than
hal
f o
f 1
,79
9
kil
lin
gs
bla
med
on v
igil
ante
s.
20
‘In
uti
le’
Auro
ra c
op
chie
f sa
cked
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
38
0
70
23
It's
due
to h
is a
lleged
dis
mal
per
form
ance
in t
he
Dute
rte
adm
inis
trat
ion
’s w
ar o
n d
rug
s.
21
Dute
rte,
Pal
ace
def
end
sho
ot-
to-k
ill
ord
er
Au
g.
5,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
49
0
34
18
Pre
s. R
od
y D
ute
rte
guar
ante
ed t
o a
nsw
er
for
stat
e fo
rces
invo
lved
in s
ho
oti
ng
inci
den
ts r
elat
ed t
o t
hei
r d
uty
in h
is
adm
inis
trat
ion
’s w
ar a
gai
nst
dru
gs.
22
Lap
u-L
apu c
op
stro
ng
ly d
enie
d t
ies
to d
rugs
– p
oli
ce
off
icia
l
Au
g.
7,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
61
1
39
53
SP
O2
Jo
mar
Yb
añez
was
secu
ring t
he
tria
thle
tes
in C
ebu w
hen
he
lear
ned
that
he
was
am
on
g t
ho
se n
am
ed b
y P
resi
den
t
Ro
dri
go
Dute
rte
as “
dru
g t
raff
ickin
g
pro
tect
ors
.”
23
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
20
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 5
,
20
18
2.1
K
66
6
79
9
The
Kil
lin
g C
onti
nues
…
By R
affy
Ler
ma
- A
ug
ust
18
, 2
01
6
The
fam
ily o
f P
aul
Les
ter
Lo
renzo
mo
urn
aft
er h
e w
as k
ille
d,
alo
ng w
ith
Dan
ny L
aure
nte
, in
an a
lleged
dru
g b
uy
-
bust
op
erat
ion b
y t
he
po
lice
in
Pan
dac
an,
Man
ila
on A
ugu
st 1
7,
20
16
.
24
CH
R l
acks
per
son
nel
to p
rob
e ex
traj
ud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
70
6
79
35
8
CH
R l
acks
per
son
nel
to
pro
be
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
htt
p:/
/f.i
nq
.ph/F
UC
zA
St
25
Pal
ace
to R
eds:
Dru
g
war
pro
peo
ple
Au
g.
15
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
64
5
31
99
Pal
ace
to R
eds:
Dru
g w
ar p
rop
eop
le
26
Rel
igio
us
hit
sil
ence
on d
rug d
eath
s
Au
g.
26
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
17
0
60
65
“Wher
e go
od
men a
re s
ilent,
evil
pro
sper
s.”
10
6
27
Only
22
cas
es o
n
dru
g d
eath
s fi
led
,
says
PN
P
Au
g.
19
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
Oct
. 5
,
20
18
59
2
86
93
Only
22
cas
es o
n d
rug d
eath
s fi
led
, sa
ys
PN
P h
ttp
://f
.inq
.ph/u
mW
GyK
z
28
It’s
mis
take,
ex
-so
lon
says
on b
ein
g l
inked
by R
od
y t
o d
rugs
Au
g.
7,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
18
49
9
37
80
“I h
ave
no
id
ea o
n w
hat
evid
ence
or
in
wh
at c
apac
ity m
y i
nclu
sio
n [
on]
the
list
rest
s.”
29
No
sho
rtcu
t in
Dute
rte
war
on
dru
gs—
Pal
ace
Au
g.
11
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
Oct
. 5
,
20
18
11
1
5
11
No
cutt
ing o
f co
rner
s, a
ssure
d
Mal
acañ
ang.
30
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
7,
20
16
O
ct.
5,
20
18
34
0
79
18
4
Lin
gayen
-Dag
up
an A
rchb
isho
p S
ocr
ates
Vil
legas
says
eno
ugh.
31
Dan
ao p
oli
ce s
tati
on
stra
fed
aft
er B
aro
k
bro
’s d
eath
Au
g.
12
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
19
37
7
83
20
Fro
m C
ebu D
ail
y N
ew
s
32
Eff
ecti
ve
anti
-dru
g
dri
ves
fo
cus
on r
oo
ts,
no
t kil
lin
g a
dd
icts
Au
g.
17
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
Oct
. 5
,
20
20
38
2
86
16
3
Eff
ecti
ve
anti
-dru
g d
rives
fo
cus
on r
oo
ts,
no
t kil
lin
g a
dd
icts
33
De
Lim
a d
eno
unce
s
sum
mar
y e
xec
uti
on
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
21
56
5
40
16
3
De
Lim
a d
eno
unce
s su
mm
ary e
xec
uti
on
htt
p:/
/f.i
nq
.ph/d
HyggIS
34
CH
R:
Extr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
in D
ute
rte
war
on d
rugs
‘unp
rece
den
ted
’
Au
g.
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
22
52
9
43
32
9
CH
R c
hai
rper
son J
ose
Luis
“C
hit
o”
Gas
con s
aid
the
risi
ng c
asu
alti
es a
t th
e
hei
ght
of
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte’
s w
ar
on d
rugs
is “
unp
rece
den
ted
” si
nce
the
com
mis
sio
n w
as e
stab
lish
ed i
n 1
98
7.
35
Dute
rte
thre
aten
s to
take
PH
out
of
UN
Au
g.
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
23
42
0
55
99
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy D
ute
rte:
“S
o t
ake
us
out
of
yo
ur
org
aniz
atio
n.
Yo
u h
av
e d
one
no
thin
g.
Wher
e w
ere
yo
u h
ere t
he
last
tim
e? N
ever
. E
xce
pt
to c
riti
cize
.”
#IC
YM
I
10
7
36
4 d
isch
arged
, 1
dea
d
AF
P p
erso
nnel
on
Dute
rte’s
dru
g l
ist
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
24
43
2
74
65
AF
P s
aid
that
fo
ur
of
its
men m
enti
oned
by P
resi
den
t R
od
rigo
Dute
rte
wh
o a
re
alle
ged
ly l
inked
to
the
ille
gal
dru
gs
trad
e
hav
e al
read
y b
een d
isch
arged
fro
m
serv
ice.
37
CH
R t
o D
ute
rte:
Wher
e ar
e ch
arges
?
Au
g.
14
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
25
3.2
K
63
6
1.5
K
CH
R t
o D
ute
rte:
Wher
e ar
e ch
arges
?
38
FU
LL
TE
XT
: S
en.
Lei
la d
e L
ima
pri
vil
ege
spee
ch o
n
dru
gs,
kil
ling
s
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
5,
20
26
17
1
15
41
Rea
d S
enat
or
Leil
a d
e L
ima's
pri
vil
ege
spee
ch a
t th
e S
enat
e to
day.
Als
o,
tune
in
for
her
liv
e in
terv
iew
her
e o
n
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
.
39
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
24
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 5
,
20
27
1.2
K
10
8
13
8
PN
P c
hie
f B
ato
Del
a R
osa
at
the
Senat
e
hea
rin
g o
n a
lleged
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs.
40
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
8,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 5
,
20
28
31
5
18
8
LO
OK
: P
NP
Chie
f R
onal
d "
Bat
o"
Del
a
Ro
sa t
alk
ing t
o s
om
e L
GU
off
icia
ls
alle
ged
ly i
nvo
lved
in p
rote
ctin
g d
rug
lord
s. H
e is
acc
om
panie
d b
y O
IC C
IDG
Chie
f O
busa
n a
nd
Dir
. fo
r O
per
atio
ns
Gen
. M
agal
ong.
via
PT
V
41
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
22
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
8K
6
47
18
6
Sen
ato
r M
iguel
Zub
iri's
op
enin
g
stat
em
ent
befo
re t
he
Senat
e hear
ing o
n
alle
ged
extr
ajud
icia
l k
illi
ng
s.
42
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
24
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
1.4
K
25
0
1.1
K
WA
ITIN
G T
O T
ES
TIF
Y T
hei
r fa
ces
cover
ed,
wit
nes
ses,
mo
stly
rel
ativ
es o
f
susp
ects
kil
led
duri
ng a
n i
nte
nsi
fied
po
lice
cam
pai
gn a
gai
nst
ill
egal
dru
gs,
wai
t fo
r th
eir
app
eara
nce
at
a hea
rin
g o
n
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
bei
ng c
ond
uct
ed b
y
the
Senat
e co
mm
itte
e o
n j
ust
ice
and
hu
man r
ights
.
10
8
RA
FF
Y L
ER
MA
/Ph
ilip
pin
e D
aily
Inq
uir
er
43
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
11
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
26
1
53
85
Ab
uyo
g P
enit
enti
ary i
n L
eyte
att
acked
by C
IDG
, in
mat
e w
ith d
rug
-rel
ated
cas
e
invo
vle
d i
n s
ho
oti
ng s
pre
e d
ead
.
via
DZ
IQ 9
90
am R
AD
YO
IN
QU
IRE
R
44
Pre
sid
ent
Ro
dy
Dute
rte
pre
ss
confe
rence
in D
avao
Cit
y -
Au
gu
st…
Au
g.
21
,
20
16
Liv
e vid
eo
(20
9K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
17
K
2K
3
.7K
RE
PL
AY
: P
resi
den
t R
od
y D
ute
rte
talk
s
abo
ut
Sen
ato
r L
eila
de
Lim
a and
her
alle
ged
lo
ver
and
bag
man;
the U
nit
ed
Nat
ions;
and
the
on
go
ing c
ease
fire
wit
h
the
Red
s.
45
Rad
yo
Inq
uir
er9
90
A
M (
@d
zIQ
99
0)
|
Tw
itte
r
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
34
8
25
72
JUS
T I
N:
Chie
f Ju
stic
e M
aria
Lo
urd
es
Ser
eno
wri
tes
to P
res.
Ro
dy D
ute
rte
in
connec
tio
n w
ith t
he
seven j
ud
ges
alle
ged
ly l
inked
to
dru
gs.
46
WA
TC
H:
Po
lice
men
in t
he
dru
g l
ist
of
Pre
sid
ent
Dute
rte
go
t
a ver
bal
bea
ting f
rom
a fu
min
g m
ad P
NP
chie
f D
ir.
Gen
.
Ro
nal
d "
Bat
o"
De
la
Ro
sa w
hen t
hey
surr
end
ered
to
thei
r
com
mand
er M
ond
ay
mo
rnin
g.
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Vid
eo
(2.5
M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
29
K
38
.6K
3
.8K
47
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
8,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
95
12
12
LO
OK
: T
od
ay's
Inq
uir
er f
ront
pag
e.
Sig
n u
p f
or
the
full
iss
ue
inq
.new
s/in
qp
lus
#D
rugW
ar #
Mar
cos
#L
ibin
gan
10
9
48
INQ
UIR
ER
.net
A
ug.
1,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
12
8
9
45
49
Wid
ow
tel
ls D
ute
rte:
Kil
l d
rug
s, n
ot
peo
ple
Au
g.
1,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
,
20
18
21
3
45
81
Mic
hae
l S
iaro
n v
ote
d f
or
Mr.
Dute
rte
in
the
May 9
pre
sid
enti
al
elec
tio
n,
Ola
yre
s
said
.
GM
A N
ews
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
RE
PL
AY
: P
ress
bri
efin
g o
f
PN
P c
hie
f B
ato
del
a R
osa
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
1
K
50
27
Muli
ng b
alik
an a
ng g
inanap
na
pre
ss
bri
efin
g n
i P
NP
chie
f R
ola
nd
del
a R
osa
kau
gnay n
g p
agsu
ko
ni
Alb
uer
a, L
eyte
Mayo
r R
ola
nd
o E
spin
osa
na
may
kau
gnayan u
mano
sa
ilegal
na d
roga.
2
Bat
o d
ela
Ro
sa t
o K
erw
in
Esp
ino
sa:
Surr
end
er o
r d
ie
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
8
.3K
3
22
91
PN
P c
hie
f R
onal
d D
ela
Ro
sa i
ssued
a
war
nin
g t
o K
erw
in E
spin
osa
, li
nked
to
the
ille
gal
dru
g t
rad
e, t
o s
urr
end
er o
r b
e
kil
led
if
he
resi
sts
arre
st.
3
Tw
o d
rug s
usp
ects
kil
led
in
Pat
ero
s, C
alo
oca
n
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
4
66
9
59
Dal
aw
an
g d
rug s
usp
ect
ang n
ap
atay
sa
mag
kahiw
alay n
a in
sid
ente
sa
Pat
ero
s
at C
alo
oca
n C
ity k
agab
i.
4
Po
lice
off
icia
l li
nked
to
dru
gs
face
s N
AP
OL
CO
M
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
1
.5
34
39
Hu
mar
ap s
a N
AP
OL
CO
M s
i C
hie
f
Sup
t. E
dgar
do
Tin
io,
ang i
sa s
a li
mang
PN
P o
ffic
ials
na
san
gko
t u
mano
sa
kal
akar
an n
g i
legal
na
dro
ga.
11
0
5
‘Ush
er,’
co
ho
rt k
ille
d i
n
dru
g b
uy
-bust
op
erat
ion i
n
Man
ila
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
4
84
12
67
Pat
ay a
ng d
alaw
ang h
inih
inala
ng t
ula
k
ng d
roga
isan
g s
a b
uy
-bust
op
erat
ion s
a
Sta
. C
ruz,
Maynil
a.
6
Gii
t n
g n
anay n
i D
J K
aren
Bo
rdad
or,
hin
di
sang
ko
t sa
dro
ga
ang…
Au
g.
17
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(73
4K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
4
.4K
9
34
67
7
May l
ista
han n
a ra
w a
ng p
uli
sya
ng
ilan
g c
eleb
rity
na
par
ok
yan
o n
g n
ob
yo
ng r
adio
DJ
na
si K
aren
Bo
rdad
or
na
nas
asa
ng
ko
t sa
dro
ga.
Per
o a
ng n
anay
ng D
J, i
gin
iit
na
wal
an
g k
inal
am
an s
a
dro
ga
ang a
nak n
iya.
Tin
utu
kan 'y
an n
i
Mar
iso
l A
bd
ura
hm
an s
a 2
4 O
ras,
EX
CL
US
IVE
!
7
WA
R O
N D
RU
GS
: P
alac
e
reco
gniz
es S
C d
ecis
ion t
o
pro
be
‘nar
co-j
ud
ges
’ –
off
icia
l
Au
g.
17
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
6
62
14
14
"We
reco
gniz
e th
e in
dep
end
ence
of
the
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
, w
hic
h e
xer
cise
s
adm
inis
trat
ive
sup
ervis
ion a
nd
co
ntr
ol
of
all
court
s, i
ncl
ud
ing p
ow
er t
o
dis
cip
line
erri
ng m
em
ber
s o
f th
e
jud
icia
ry."
8
Mag
uin
danao
to
wn m
ayo
r
app
ers
bef
ore
po
lice
to
den
y
dru
g l
ink
s
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
8
01
55
40
Par
ang,
Mag
uin
danao
Mayo
r R
asul
San
gk
i ap
pea
red
bef
ore
Chie
f S
up
t.
Agri
pin
o J
avie
r o
f P
NP
-AR
MM
to
den
y t
hat
he
is e
ngaged
in i
lleg
al d
rug
acti
vit
ies.
9
GM
A N
ew
s: S
enat
e hea
rin
g
on t
he
spat
e o
f d
rug
susp
ects
' su
mm
ar…
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Liv
e
vid
eo
(69
8K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
4
5K
5
.4K
5
1.3
K
Pan
oo
rin a
ng p
agd
inig
ng S
en
ado
kau
gnay n
g u
man
o'y
extr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
11
1
10
New
Yo
rk T
imes-
Asi
a
hea
dli
nes
new
s o
n
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
in P
HL
Au
g.
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
4
71
59
15
0
ICY
MI:
New
s ab
out
extr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
in t
he
Phil
ipp
ines
land
ed o
n t
he
fro
nt
pag
e o
f th
e A
ug
ust
20
to
21
iss
ue
of
the
Inte
rnat
ion
al N
ew
Yo
rk T
imes
-
Asi
a.
AB
S-C
BN
New
s
Tit
le
Da
te
Co
nte
nt
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
Ceb
u p
oli
ce r
oll
s o
ut
funer
al
car
on H
ero
es' D
ay
Au
g.
29
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
6
50
7
21
A p
atro
l ca
r w
ith a
lo
ud
sp
eak
er
acco
mp
anie
d t
he
funer
al c
ar a
s it
wen
t
aro
und
the
area
, so
met
imes
sto
pp
ing a
t
cro
wd
ed p
lace
s.
2
Pal
ace:
Dru
g m
enac
e is
als
o
pub
lic
hea
lth i
ssue
Au
g.
26
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
8
80
26
21
The
go
ver
nm
ent
is e
yein
g a
10
-hec
tare
plo
t si
te i
n F
ort
Mag
saysa
y f
or
a
rehab
ilit
atio
n c
ente
r.
3
OP
INIO
N:
Fo
reig
n m
edia
on n
ativ
e kil
ling
s
Au
g.
31
,
20
16
Op
inio
n
pie
ce
Vid
eo
Art
icle
Oct
. 1
0,
20
18
9
79
43
52
Ted
dy L
ocs
in a
sks,
"Is
fo
reig
n m
edia
bia
sed
?"
4
PN
P c
hie
f cl
aim
s d
rug r
ing
s
beh
ind
'vig
ilante
sla
ys'
Au
g.
16
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
1
.3K
2
9
60
The
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
insi
sted
that
cri
me
synd
icat
es,
and
no
t vig
ilan
te
gro
up
s, a
re r
esp
onsi
ble
fo
r th
e s
eria
l
sum
mar
y e
xec
uti
ons
of
dru
g p
edd
lers
and
use
rs.
11
2
5
Rel
ativ
es s
ay B
erte
s fa
ther
,
son a
rres
ted
san
s w
arra
nt
Au
g .
23
, 20
16
V
ideo
O
ct.
10
, 20
18
5
04
16
11
5
What
hap
pen
ed t
o t
he
Ber
tes
fam
ily
attr
acte
d t
he
atte
nti
on o
f fo
reig
n m
edia
,
as w
ell
as
inte
rnat
ional
hu
man
rig
hts
gro
up
s.
6
Po
lice
man k
ille
d,
ano
ther
hurt
in Z
am
bo
anga
sho
oti
ng
Au
g.
21
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
2
.2K
1
85
14
3
A r
oo
kie
po
lice
man w
as k
ille
d,
whil
e
ano
ther
was
ser
iousl
y w
ou
nd
ed
when
they w
ere
atta
cked
by t
hre
e
unid
enti
fied
arm
ed m
en i
n S
iraw
i to
wn
her
e, p
oli
ce s
aid
Sat
urd
ay.
7
AL
AM
IN:
Ano
an
g p
apel
ng D
ILG
sa
kam
pan
ya
ko
ntr
a d
roga?
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 1
1,
20
18
1
.5K
3
9
28
Bu
muo
an
g D
ILG
ng p
anib
ang t
ask
forc
e --
an
g T
ask F
orc
e D
igo
ng.
Ku
ng
ano
ang t
arget
nit
o,
alam
in m
ism
o k
ay
DIL
G S
ec.
Ism
ael
Sueno
.
8
Bag
ong g
uid
elin
es
sa O
pla
n
To
khan
g,
inim
un
gkahi
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 1
1,
20
18
8
49
19
63
Ku
ng m
asusu
no
d a
ng m
un
gkahi,
dap
at
nak
asa
ng
gu
ni
mu
na
sa a
bo
gad
o a
ng
isan
g s
um
uko
ng d
rug u
ser
bag
o
pu
mir
ma
ng w
aiver
o v
olu
nta
ry
confe
ssio
n.
9
Dru
g m
atri
x' a
mer
e li
st o
f
nam
es,
says
ex
-Ju
stic
e U
sec
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
7
89
14
87
Fo
rmer
Just
ice
Und
erse
cret
ary
Fra
nci
sco
Bar
aan o
n T
hurs
day
shru
gged
off
Pre
sid
ent
Dute
rte'
s m
atri
x
wh
ich a
ccu
sed
him
of
tole
rati
ng t
he
ille
gal
nar
coti
cs t
rad
e in
sid
e th
e N
ew
Bil
ibid
Pri
sons.
10
Op
lan T
okhan
g'
surr
end
eree
s get
P2
5K
rehab
in p
rivat
e re
sort
Au
g.
16
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.4K
2
9
29
The
surr
end
eree
s w
ill
und
ergo
counse
lin
g a
nd
pra
yer
sess
ion
s, w
hic
h
are
par
t o
f th
e lo
cal
go
ver
nm
ent's
eff
ort
to r
ehab
ilit
ate
them
fro
m i
lleg
al d
rug
use
.
11
3
11
UN
no
t in
vit
ed t
o p
rob
e
Dute
rte
dru
g w
ar,
spo
kes
man
says
Au
g.
20
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
7
.2K
4
49
48
7
"The
Phil
ipp
ines
has
no
t ex
ten
ded
any
inv
itat
ion t
o a
ny b
od
y,
no
r th
e U
.N.
to
loo
k i
nto
its
nat
ional
affa
irs.
We
are
cap
able
of
our
ow
n i
nte
rnal
dia
logue,
"
Pre
sid
enti
al S
po
kes
man E
rnes
to A
bel
la
said
in a
sta
tem
ent.
12
Co
ho
rt' o
f K
erw
in E
spin
osa
fall
s in
Ceb
u
Au
g.
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
3
K
15
1
36
Po
lice
men f
ound
sever
al s
ach
ets
of
shab
u a
nd
mar
ijuana,
fir
earm
s an
d a
lap
top
in t
he
susp
ect's
roo
m.
13
Nat
ion f
aces
clea
r an
d
pre
sent
dan
ger
: P
alac
e
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.4K
2
4
41
Pre
sid
enti
al s
po
kes
per
son E
rnes
to
Ab
ella
said
tho
se w
ho
bel
ieve
they
wer
e w
ron
gly
nam
ed b
y t
he
pre
sid
ent
mu
st s
pea
k u
p a
bo
ut
the
alle
gat
ions.
14
Jail
bre
ak,
kid
nap
att
em
pts
eyed
in P
aran
aque
jail
bla
st
Au
g.
12
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.3K
2
7
37
Pre
lim
inar
y i
nves
tigat
ions
sho
wed
the
exp
losi
on w
as
cause
d b
y a
gre
nad
e,
wit
h a
pis
tol
also
rec
over
ed f
rom
the
scen
e.
15
Bis
e al
kal
den
g i
din
adaw
it s
a
dro
ga,
ku
mu
ha
ng 3
dru
g
test
Au
g.
3,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
74
1
12
63
Igin
iit
nam
an n
g b
ise
alkal
de
na
pam
um
uli
tika
ang n
asa
liko
d n
g m
ga
par
atan
g l
aban
sa
kan
ya.
16
AB
S-C
BN
New
s A
ug.
23
,
20
16
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
1,
20
18
4
.6K
2
K
3.3
K
Sen
. R
alp
h R
ecto
po
nd
ers
the
long
-
term
rep
ercu
ssio
ns
of
the
war
on d
rugs,
par
ticu
larl
y o
n c
itiz
ens'
lev
el o
f tr
ust
wit
h t
he
po
lice
.
17
Susp
ek s
a d
roga,
gin
ulp
i
um
ano
ng m
ga
pu
lis-
Lao
ag
Au
g.
31
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
4
67
8
58
Itin
ang
gi
nam
an n
g p
uli
sya
ang
aleg
asyo
n n
g s
usp
ek.
18
Esp
ino
sa b
rin
gs
alo
ng
dau
ghte
rs i
n m
eet
wit
h
po
lice
chie
f
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
K
14
37
The
po
lice
chie
f ea
rlie
r cl
arif
ied
that
Esp
ino
sa w
as n
ot
arre
sted
but
cam
e to
his
off
ice
for
a m
eeti
ng.
11
4
19
In P
NP
, it
's s
till
co
ps
pro
bin
g c
op
s
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
5
80
5
12
The
PN
P's
att
enti
on w
as
call
ed
out
anew
fo
r it
s fa
ilure
to
ap
po
int
a ci
vil
ian
hea
d t
o t
he
Inte
rnal
Aff
airs
Serv
ice
(IA
S).
20
WA
TC
H:
Ceb
u c
op
s
com
bat
dru
gs
wit
h Y
oyo
y
Vil
lam
e hit
Au
g,
31
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.7K
3
2
26
Idin
aan n
g m
ga
puli
s-C
ebu s
a kan
tahan
ang a
pel
a n
ila
na
sum
uko
na
ang m
ga
tula
k a
t g
um
agam
it n
g d
roga.
21
Sla
in i
nm
ate
was
su
spec
ted
dru
g l
ord
's s
up
pli
er
Au
g.
11
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
9
91
28
23
The
inm
ate
was
conv
icte
d o
f m
urd
er
but
may h
ave
bee
n r
ecru
ited
into
the
nar
coti
cs t
rad
e b
y h
is N
BP
det
ainee
s,
wh
o w
ere
invo
lved
wit
h i
lleg
al
dru
gs.
22
Ris
ing b
od
y c
ou
nt
in d
rug
war
'bo
ther
s' D
ute
rte:
spo
kes
man
Au
g.
9.
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
4
12
7
77
The
pre
sid
enti
al s
po
kes
per
son
cla
rifi
es
that
the
pre
sid
ent
do
es n
ot
rejo
ice
over
the
fact
that
hund
red
s o
f d
rug s
usp
ects
hav
e b
een k
ille
d l
ess
than
2 m
onth
s.
23
Gu
nm
en s
trafe
Danao
po
lice
stat
ion
Au
g.
12
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.1K
2
1
14
No
one
was
hurt
in t
he
inci
den
t.
24
AB
S-C
BN
, S
M t
o c
arry
Dute
rte's
anti
-dru
g a
ds
for
free
: P
alac
e
Au
g.
28
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
4
6K
2
.7K
1
.2K
It
'll b
e fo
r fr
ee.
25
PN
P c
laim
s cr
ime
do
wn i
n
E.
Vis
ayas
due
to a
nti
-dru
gs
dri
ve
Au
g.
17
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.3K
3
8
24
Eas
tern
Vis
ayas
po
lice
tal
lied
a l
ow
er
nu
mb
er o
f cr
imes
this
mo
nth
co
mp
ared
to l
ast
yea
r, a
ttri
buti
ng t
he
crim
e
dec
reas
e to
incr
ease
d e
ffo
rts
to
erad
icat
e d
rugs.
26
Pal
ace:
No
leg
al s
ho
rtcu
ts,
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
und
er
Dute
rte
Au
g.
11
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
4
58
6
70
Ab
ella
said
the
go
ver
nm
ent
wil
l so
on
anno
unce
ho
w i
t w
ill
dea
l w
ith t
he
vas
t
nu
mb
er o
f d
rug s
usp
ects
who
hav
e
turn
ed t
hem
selv
es i
n t
o t
he
po
lice
.
11
5
27
WA
TC
H:
PN
P c
hie
f R
onal
d
Del
a R
osa
ho
lds
a p
ress
confe
rence
fo
llo
wed
by S
en.
Lei
la D
e L
ima's
pri
vil
ege
spee
ch o
n e
xtr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs.
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Liv
e
vid
eo
(66
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
1,
20
18
4
3K
6
.4K
2
8.4
K
28
Su
ko
o g
iyer
a? B
ato
hin
am
on a
ng n
arco
-po
ls
Au
g.
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
3
0K
1
.7K
5
33
Nar
ito
ang p
ayo
ni
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
chie
f R
onald
Del
a R
osa
sa
mga
'nar
co-p
oli
tici
an.'
29
Reh
ab c
ente
r sa
Bic
uta
n,
um
aap
aw
na
sa m
ga
pas
yen
te
Au
g.
26
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 1
1,
20
18
6
32
29
50
Ayo
n s
a is
ang p
rogra
m o
ffic
er n
g r
ehab
sa B
icuta
n,
nap
ipil
itan s
ilang p
auw
iin
ang i
san
g p
asyen
te p
agkat
apo
s n
g a
nim
na
bu
wan k
ahit
hin
di
pa
tap
os
ang
rehab
ilit
asyo
n n
ito
.
30
Mo
re t
han
P5
M i
n d
ried
mar
ijuan
a se
ized
in L
a
Unio
n
Au
g.
26
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.6K
2
9
21
Insp
ecti
on o
f th
e su
spec
ts' b
ags
revea
led
25
elo
ngat
ed b
und
les
of
dri
ed
mar
ijuan
a st
alk
s an
d s
even w
rap
ped
mar
ijuan
a b
rick
s.
31
EU
off
icia
ls r
aise
co
nce
rns
on P
H d
rug k
illi
ngs
Au
g.
30
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
3
65
15
53
Dure
za s
aid
he
assu
red
the
EU
off
icia
ls
that
the
Phil
ipp
ine
go
ver
nm
en
t d
oes
no
t
und
erm
ine
hu
man r
ights
in i
ts o
ngo
ing
war
on d
rugs.
32
Phil
ipp
ine
po
lice
det
ail
bo
dy c
ou
nt
in d
rug w
ar
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
5
17
13
45
Del
a R
osa
says
75
6 s
usp
ects
wer
e
kil
led
by p
oli
ce a
nd
ano
ther
1,1
60
peo
ple
wer
e k
ille
d b
y a
lleg
ed
vig
ilan
tes.
33
Par
añaq
ue
jail
bla
st s
taged
to k
ill
dru
g-l
inked
in
mat
es?
Au
g.
16
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.3K
3
5
47
An e
xp
losi
on a
t th
e P
arañ
aque C
ity j
ail
last
wee
k w
as
staged
to
su
mm
aril
y
exec
ute
hig
h-p
rofi
le i
nm
ates
, th
e w
ife
of
a sl
ain p
riso
ner
cla
imed
Tues
day.
11
6
34
Dru
gs
eyed
in s
lay o
f nar
co-
lin
ked
mayo
r's
law
yer
Au
g.
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
.2K
3
0
39
Alb
uer
a p
oli
ce c
hie
f Jo
vie
Esp
enid
o
said
he
had
rep
rim
and
ed l
aw
yer
Ro
gel
io B
ato
Jr.
fo
r his
all
eged
invo
lvem
ent
in d
rug t
raff
ickin
g.
35
LO
OK
: 6
5 d
rug d
epen
den
ts
'surr
end
er t
o G
od
'
Au
g.
24
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
1
3K
7
03
14
5
Und
er t
he
"Surr
end
er t
o G
od
Dru
g
Rec
over
y P
rogra
m,"
the
atte
nd
ees
went
thro
ugh a
sp
irit
ual
rec
over
y p
rogra
m
wit
h t
he
hel
p o
f th
eir
spir
itual
ad
vis
er,
wh
o i
s a
pri
est.
36
DO
J: 2
wit
ness
es
vs
'nar
co-
gen
eral
s'
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
5
97
3
18
The
just
ice
chie
f ea
rlie
r ad
mit
ted
that
the
DO
J is
co
nd
ucti
ng i
ts o
wn
pro
be
and
evid
ence
bu
ild
-up
agai
nst
the
alle
ged
nar
co-g
ener
als.
37
DIL
G s
eeks
to e
mp
ow
er
bar
angays
in d
rug w
ar
Au
g.
22
,
20
16
Art
icle
O
ct.
11
, 20
18
7
16
17
20
Inte
rio
r S
ecre
tary
Mik
e S
ueno
sai
d t
he
pro
gra
m w
ill
crea
te a
n u
mb
rell
a
org
aniz
atio
n t
hat
wil
l b
rin
g t
oget
her
all
the
go
ver
nm
ent
gro
up
s w
ith
in t
he
bar
angay.
38
Phil
Hea
lth o
ffer
s new
pac
kag
e fo
r d
rug
dep
end
ents
Au
g.
26
,
20
16
Vid
eo
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
3
.2K
1
62
30
Phil
Hea
lth w
ill
off
er a
new
in
sura
nce
pac
kag
e fo
r d
rug d
epen
den
ts n
ext
mo
nth
.
It w
ill
be
call
ed t
he
"Med
ical
Det
oxif
icat
ion P
ackage,
" an
d w
ill
focus
on c
ases
wh
ere
pat
ients
are
exp
erie
nci
ng w
ithd
raw
al s
ym
pto
ms.
This
new
med
ical
pac
kag
e is
pri
ced
at
P1
0,0
00
11
7
39
Wit
nes
s A
ug.
22
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(50
2K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
3
.4K
7
58
1.2
K
WA
TC
H:
At
a S
enat
e hea
ring
on e
xtr
a-
jud
icia
l kil
ling
s, w
itnes
s M
ary R
ose
Aq
uin
o n
arra
tes
ho
w s
he
foun
d o
ut
abo
ut
her
par
ents
' murd
ers
afte
r an
alle
ged
del
iver
y o
f d
rug m
oney t
o
sup
pli
ers.
40
Esp
ino
sas
ask
Dute
rte:
Am
a
ka
rin,
ko
nti
ng a
wa,
id
aan s
a
due
pro
cess
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Vid
eo
Art
icle
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
6
.8K
3
73
1.8
K
Nan
iniw
ala
ang m
ga
kam
ag
-anak
ng
mag
-am
ang E
spin
osa
na
puli
tika
ang
nas
a li
ko
d n
g m
ga
akusa
syo
n l
aban
sa
mga
ito
.
41
AB
S-C
BN
New
s: L
IVE
:
Hea
ring o
n a
lleg
ed
Extr
ajud
icia
l K
illi
ng
s
Au
g.
23
,
20
16
Liv
e
vid
eo
(35
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
2K
2
.5K
2
2.1
K
[PA
RT
2]
LIV
E:
The
Sen
ate
Co
mm
itte
e o
n J
ust
ice
and
Hu
man
Rig
hts
co
nti
nues
its
hea
ring o
n t
he
alle
ged
extr
ajud
icia
l k
illi
ng
s.
42
"RE
CO
NN
EC
T W
ITH
TH
E
LO
RD
." P
NP
chie
f R
onal
d
del
a R
osa
dar
es s
elf-
confe
ssed
dru
g
use
rs/p
ush
ers
in B
aco
lod
Cit
y t
o c
han
ge
for
the
bet
ter.
Au
g.
25
,
20
16
Vid
eo
(1.6
M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
4
2K
2
5.3
K
1.8
K
11
8
New
s5
T
itle
D
ate
C
on
ten
t
typ
e
Da
te
an
aly
zed
Lik
es/
Rea
ctio
ns
Sh
are
s C
om
men
ts
Po
st C
ap
tio
n
1
Sen
. D
e L
ima,
nas
a m
atri
x n
g i
lleg
al
dru
g t
rad
e sa
Bil
ibid
ayo
n k
ay
Pre
s.
Dute
rte
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(68
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
8
.9K
5
.7K
9
20
2
Mayo
r E
spin
osa
, nanaw
agan
sa
anak
na
sum
uko
na
Au
g.
3,
20
16
Vid
eo
(18
9K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
.8K
1
.6K
3
76
3
Dat
ing D
OJ
Und
erse
cret
ary,
idin
aw
it
ni
Pre
s. D
ute
rte
sa d
roga
sa B
ilib
id
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(98
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.4K
3
44
99
4
Sen
. L
eila
de
Lim
a, i
pin
anaw
agan
ang p
agti
gil
sa
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
sa p
agd
inig
sa
senad
o
Au
g.
22
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(83
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1.2
K
12
3
59
8
5
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PA
G-
AM
YE
ND
A S
A A
NT
I-
WIR
ET
AP
PIN
G L
AW
,
ISIN
US
UL
ON
G S
A K
AM
AR
A
Au
g.
24
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
8
02
51
16
An
g i
lan
g m
am
bab
atas
,
isin
usu
long n
a
am
yend
ahan a
ng A
nti
-
wir
etap
pin
g L
aw
par
a
mam
onit
or
ang
tran
saksy
on n
g m
ga
hin
ihin
alan
g d
rug l
ord
.
6
PN
P C
rim
e L
ab:
13
0 p
uli
s,
nag
po
siti
bo
sa
scre
enin
g a
t
confi
rmat
ory
dru
g t
ests
Au
g.
22
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(53
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
42
27
0
97
7
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
4 P
UL
IS-
PA
SA
Y N
A D
AW
IT S
A
Au
g.
24
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
6
37
26
57
Din
epen
sahan n
am
an
ng P
asay-P
NP
ang
kan
ilan
g t
auhan.
11
9
PA
GK
AM
AT
AY
NG
PE
DIC
AB
DR
IVE
R,
SIN
IBA
K N
A
8
PN
P C
hie
f D
ela
Ro
sa,
may e
bid
ensy
a
raw
na
hin
di
vig
ilante
ang m
ay g
aw
a
ng e
xtr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
sa b
ansa
Au
g.
16
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(34
2K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
7
.1K
2
.9K
6
19
9
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
SU
SP
EK
NA
KO
NE
KT
AD
O S
A S
IND
IKA
TO
,
ITIN
AT
AG
O A
NG
DR
OG
A S
A
INS
TA
NT
PA
NC
IT C
AN
TO
N
Au
g.
26
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
1
.7K
2
68
58
Tik
lo s
a is
ang
op
eras
yo
n a
ng b
abae
ng
itin
utu
rong t
ula
k n
g
ilig
al n
a d
roga
sa C
avit
e
at M
etro
Man
ila.
10
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
AL
BU
ER
A
MA
YO
R R
ON
AL
DO
ES
PIN
OS
A,
SR
, M
AY
MG
A B
AN
TA
RA
W S
A
BU
HA
Y
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
6
68
31
13
9
Nag
big
ay n
a n
g
affi
dav
it s
a C
IDG
si
Alb
uer
a M
ayo
r R
onal
do
Esp
ino
sa,
Sr.
Inam
in n
g
kan
yang m
ga
abo
gad
o
na
may b
anta
sa
buhay
ng a
lkal
de
11
Dru
g m
atri
x n
a in
ilab
as n
i P
res.
Dute
rte,
min
adal
i at
dap
at i
lag
ay s
a
bas
ura
han a
yo
n k
ay S
en.
De
Lim
a
Au
g.
25
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(70
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
03
90
32
6
12
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
DR
UG
PU
SH
ER
AT
2 K
AS
AB
WA
T N
ITO
,
PA
TA
Y S
A E
NG
KW
EN
TR
O S
A
MA
YN
ILA
Au
g.
1,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
73
0
73
18
An
g s
usp
ek,
mat
agal
na
raw
nasa
wat
chli
st n
g
Phil
ipp
ine
Nat
ional
Po
lice
.
13
Alk
ald
e n
g A
lbuer
a, L
eyte
, na d
aw
it
um
ano
sa
ilig
al n
a d
roga,
su
muko
na
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Vid
eo
(25
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
.9K
1
.1K
5
27
12
0
14
ernie
p.
reyes
on T
wit
ter
Au
g.
18
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
2
20
12
6
Pin
angu
nahan
ni
Senat
e
Co
mm
itte
e o
n P
ub
lic
Ord
er c
hai
rman
Sen.
Pin
g L
acso
n a
ng
pag
din
ig n
gayo
ng a
raw
tun
gko
l sa
mga
isyu s
a
ilig
al n
a d
roga
gaya
ng
dru
g-r
elat
ed k
illi
ngs.
(co
urt
esy:
Ern
ie R
eyes
/
Inte
raksy
on)
15
EA
RL
IER
: P
aghar
ap n
i P
NP
Chie
f
'Bat
o' D
ela
Ro
sa s
a m
ga
puli
s na
san
gko
t u
man
o s
a d
roga.
Ban
ta n
iya
sa m
ga
hin
di
mag
bab
ago
, "P
apat
ayin
ko
kayo
."
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Vid
eo
(26
3K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
6
.1K
3
.8K
5
19
16
Pre
s. D
ute
rte,
muli
ng b
inanat
an s
i
Chie
f Ju
stic
e S
eren
o
Au
g.
27
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(50
6K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
1K
6
.1K
1
.5K
17
Ro
bin
Pad
illa
, nak
iusa
p s
a
pam
ahal
aan n
a w
ag m
unang i
lab
as
ang m
ga
pan
gala
n n
g a
rtis
ta n
a
san
gko
t sa
ili
gal
na
dro
ga
Au
g.
19
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(1.1
M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
0K
6
.4K
5
.3K
18
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
ISA
SA
DA
LA
WA
NG
TIN
UT
UG
IS N
A
TU
LA
K S
A M
AY
NIL
A,
PA
TA
Y S
A
EN
GK
WE
NT
RO
Au
g.
31
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
7
53
18
34
Nak
atakas
ang i
sa s
a
mga
no
tory
us
na
dru
g
push
er n
a ta
rget
ng m
ga
puli
s sa
Mayn
ila
kagab
i.
19
Mga
kaa
nak n
i A
lbuer
a M
ayo
r
Esp
ino
sa,
hu
mil
ing n
g 'd
ue
pro
cess
' A
ug.
4,
20
16
Vid
eo
(16
4K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.1K
1
99
91
1
12
1
20
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
2
HIN
IHIN
AL
AN
G D
RU
G P
US
HE
R,
PA
TA
Y S
A E
NG
KW
EN
TR
O S
A
MA
YN
ILA
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
1
.2K
6
2
45
An
g i
sa s
a m
ga
nap
atay,
dat
i na
raw
pin
akiu
sap
an s
a "O
pla
n
To
khan
g"
per
o
nag
mat
igas
pa
rin.
21
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
KA
PA
TID
NI
DA
TIN
G D
A S
EC
. A
LC
AL
A,
SU
MU
KO
SA
MG
A P
UL
IS
Au
g.
16
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
1
.1K
1
19
75
Kas
am
a niy
ang s
um
uko
ang a
nak
na
si S
ajid
na
san
gko
t d
in u
mano
sa
ilig
al n
a d
roga.
22
Sen
. L
eila
De
Lim
a sa
mga
bik
tim
a
ng d
rug k
illi
ng
s: "
Hin
di
sila
Su
man o
Din
ug
uan"
Au
g.
3,
20
16
Vid
eo
(11
4K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
.2K
6
71
2.2
K
23
Sen
. D
e L
ima
at a
ng i
kin
asa
niy
ang
hea
rin
g t
un
gko
l sa
extr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs,
bin
atik
os
ni
Sen.
Cay
etan
o
Au
g.
31
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(52
5K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
7
.6K
4
.3K
4
54
24
US
, nagp
ahayag
ng p
agkab
ah
ala
sa
kas
o n
g e
xtr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
sa
Pil
ipin
as
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(12
7K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.6K
2
87
1.3
K
25
Pam
ilya
ng m
ga
nap
atay s
a
sinasa
bin
g e
ng
ku
wen
tro
sa
Bu
laca
n,
igin
iit
na
nagb
ago
ng
-bu
hay n
a a
ng
mga
susp
ek p
ero
tin
ulu
yan p
a ri
n n
g
mga
puli
s
Au
g.
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
(12
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
13
19
6
97
9
26
Pag
din
ig n
g S
enad
o t
un
gko
l sa
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs,
iti
nakd
a sa
Au
gu
st 2
2 a
t 2
3
Au
g.
11
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(42
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
3
57
63
15
3
27
Wat
ch |
Ban
at n
i P
res.
Dute
rte s
a
isan
g b
abae
ng s
enad
or
Au
g.
17
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(39
9K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
8
.5K
6
.2K
1
.1K
Aniy
a, g
inag
am
it n
g
bab
ae a
ng b
oyfr
iend
par
a m
ako
lekta
an
g p
era
par
a sa
kam
pan
ya
at
12
2
nan
ggal
ing u
man
o i
to s
a
dro
ga.
28
Pri
nce
ss A
stri
d n
g B
elg
ium
, b
alak
du
mal
aw
sa
ban
sa p
ero
nan
gangam
ba
sa s
erye
ng p
atayan
Au
g.
30
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(47
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
5
51
43
29
8
29
Kan
ang k
am
ay u
mano
ni
Ker
win
Esp
ino
sa,
pat
ay s
a eng
kw
entr
o
Au
g.
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
(10
0K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
.1K
7
43
10
1
30
A
ug.
2,
20
16
P
ost
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
4
65
14
5
39
JUS
T I
N:
Fro
m t
he
Off
ice
of
PR
ES
IDE
NT
IAL
SP
OK
ES
PE
RS
ON
-
Mayo
r E
spin
osa
has
surr
end
ered
and
no
w
und
er c
ust
od
y o
f P
NP
chie
f D
ela
Ro
sa.
The
son,
Ker
win
, is
sti
ll a
t
larg
e.
31
PN
P C
hie
f B
ato
, m
ay i
niw
an
g
men
sahe
mat
apo
s m
akahar
ap a
ng 2
puli
s A
nti
po
lo n
a nagre
-rec
ycl
e
um
ano
ng d
roga
Au
g.
22
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(93
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
0K
6
.2K
8
70
32
Est
ado
s U
nid
os,
nab
abah
ala
sa
sunud
-su
no
d n
a kas
o n
g e
xtr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
sa P
ilip
inas
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Vid
eo
(39
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
7
93
18
2
62
2
33
Bev
Ver
der
a o
n T
wit
ter
Au
g.
3,
20
16
V
ideo
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
5
12
84
28
Aab
ot
sa 5
00
air
po
rt
po
lice
ang s
um
aila
lim
sa r
and
om
dru
g t
est
ing
ngayo
ng u
maga
sa
NA
IA
12
3
34
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PA
LA
SY
O,
MA
KIK
IPA
G-U
GN
AY
AN
NA
SA
27
OP
ISY
AL
NA
SA
NG
KO
T S
A
DR
OG
A
Au
g.
3,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
8
99
11
3
20
Nan
ind
igan a
ng P
alas
yo
na
sa p
agtu
ko
y s
a m
ga
op
isyal
ay n
abib
igyan
sila
ng p
agkak
ata
on
par
a m
alin
is a
ng
kan
ilan
g p
angal
an.
35
ILA
N B
A T
AL
AG
A? I
Mga
du
malo
sa S
enad
o,
hin
di
nagtu
gm
a an
g d
ato
s
ku
ng i
lan n
a an
g p
atay s
a o
per
asyo
n
lab
an s
a il
igal
na
dro
ga
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(11
7K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.2K
4
22
27
2
36
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PA
NG
AS
INA
N
BO
AR
D M
EM
BE
R S
ISO
N,
ITIN
AN
GG
ING
SA
NG
KO
T S
A
BIL
IBID
DR
UG
TR
AD
E
Au
g.
30
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
4
18
21
73
Nag
sali
ta n
a ang b
oar
d
mem
ber
ng P
angas
inan
na
si R
aul
Sis
on.
37
Sta
tem
ent
by t
he
UN
OD
C E
xec
uti
ve
Dir
ecto
r o
n t
he
situ
atio
n i
n t
he
Phil
ipp
ines
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
28
15
14
8
Unit
ed N
atio
ns
Off
ice
on D
rug
s an
d C
rim
e,
kin
ond
ena
ang s
erye
ng
um
ano
'y e
xtr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
sa b
ansa
38
Wat
ch |
Op
enin
g s
pee
ch n
i S
en.
Ala
n
Pet
er C
ayet
ano
sa
pag
din
ig n
g
Sen
ado
kaug
nay n
g u
mano
'y
extr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
Au
g.
22
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(21
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
K
3.8
K
58
5
39
ReA
ksy
on |
Ano
nga
ba
ang
kah
ihin
atnan
ng a
tin
g b
ansa
ora
s na
mai
ak
yat
an
g i
syu n
g e
xtr
ajud
icia
l
kil
lin
gs
sa i
nte
rnat
ional
cri
min
al
court
?
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(10
7K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
59
19
7
1K
12
4
40
Pas
ay-P
NP
, d
inep
ensa
han
ang
ap
at n
a
puli
s na
nad
adaw
it s
a p
agkam
atay n
g
ped
icab
dri
ver
Au
g.
24
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(97
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.6K
2
35
22
6
41
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
16
KA
TA
O,
NA
HU
LI
SA
'ON
E-T
IME
BIG
TIM
E'
OP
ER
AT
ION
SA
VA
LE
NZ
UE
LA
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.5K
2
08
34
Mula
sa
mga
san
gko
t sa
dro
ga
han
ggan
g s
a m
ga
nak
ah
ub
ad s
a kal
sad
a,
hin
di
nak
ali
gta
s
42
Pat
ay a
ng i
san
g t
ricycl
e d
river
sa
Pas
ay m
atap
os
um
ano
ng m
anla
ban
sa
mga
tum
utu
gis
sa
kan
yan
g p
uli
s. P
ero
bas
e sa
na-r
eco
rd n
g i
sang t
est
igo
,
pin
agb
abar
il p
a ri
n a
ng s
usp
ek k
ahit
sum
usu
ko
na.
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(25
0K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.3K
5
22
82
9
43
Tir
ahan
ng m
ga
dru
g s
usp
ect
sa S
an
Juan
, kin
ato
k n
g m
asc
ot
ng m
ga
puli
s A
ug.
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
(34
1K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
5
K
1.6
K
21
1
44
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PR
ES
.
DU
TE
RT
E,
NA
NIN
DIG
AN
LA
BA
N
SA
KA
TIW
AL
IAN
, D
RO
GA
, A
T
TE
RO
RIS
MO
Au
g.
15
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
1
.7K
2
01
44
Muli
ng n
anin
dig
an s
i
Pan
gu
lon
g R
od
rigo
Dute
rte
lab
an s
a
kat
iwal
ian,
dro
ga,
at
tero
rism
o s
a b
ansa
.
45
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
14
GA
LO
N N
G
SA
NG
KA
P S
A P
AG
GA
WA
NG
SH
AB
U,
NA
SA
BA
T S
A A
PA
YA
O
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
7
94
14
2
9
Nas
abat
ng m
ga
oto
rid
ad a
ng 1
4 n
a
gal
on n
g e
thyl
ether
sa
isan
g b
aran
gay s
a
bo
und
ary n
g A
payao
sa
Cag
ayan.
46
Sen
. D
e L
ima,
di
raw
dad
alo
sa
pag
din
ig n
g K
am
ara
kaug
nay n
g d
rug
trad
e sa
Bil
ibid
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(63
5K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
5
.6K
2
.5K
3
K
12
5
47
AS
K |
Ano
an
g t
aw
ag n
g H
um
an
Rig
hts
ad
vo
cate
s sa
ser
ye
ng
pag
pat
ay s
a m
ga
san
gko
t u
mano
sa
ilig
al n
a d
roga?
Au
g.
24
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(41
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
3
18
51
38
48
Vic
e M
ayo
r n
g O
zam
is C
ity,
hu
mar
ap d
in k
ay P
NP
Chie
f D
ela
Ro
sa
Au
g.
3,
20
16
Vid
eo
(63
4K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
4
.6K
5
.4K
1
.4K
49
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
ME
XIC
AN
DR
UG
CA
RT
EL
, N
AS
A P
ILIP
INA
S
AY
ON
KA
Y P
RE
S.
DU
TE
RT
E
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
73
13
3
32
San
ga-
sangan
g
pro
ble
ma
na
ang
kin
ahahar
ap n
gayo
n n
g
pam
ahal
aan k
au
gnay n
g
dro
ga.
50
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MG
A
PU
LIT
IKO
NG
SA
NG
KO
T S
A
DR
OG
A,
ISU
SU
NO
D N
A
PA
SU
SU
KU
IN N
I D
EL
A R
OS
A
Au
g.
1,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.7K
2
97
25
Sin
abi
ito
mis
mo
ni
PN
P C
hie
f R
onal
d D
ela
Ro
sa k
asa
bay n
g
pag
har
ap s
a kan
yag n
g
10
K d
rug s
usp
ects
na
sum
uko
sa
CA
LA
BA
RZ
ON
.
51
Pre
s. D
ute
rte:
No
t to
just
ify i
ts u
se,
but
in t
he
sense
of
dam
age,
mas
mag
and
a p
a an
g h
ero
in p
ati
coca
ine
(kaysa
shab
u)
bec
ause
they a
re
org
anic
Au
g.
5,
20
16
Vid
eo
(56
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.2K
6
54
68
52
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
KA
MP
AN
YA
NG
GO
BY
ER
NO
KO
NT
RA
DR
OG
A,
PIN
AG
-UU
SA
PA
N N
G
INT
'L M
ED
IA
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
5
29
30
28
9
An
g U
nit
ed N
atio
ns
Off
ice
on D
rug
s an
d
Cri
me,
nab
abah
ala
na
rin d
aw
.
53
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MA
TR
IX N
A
NA
GP
AP
AT
UN
AY
DA
W N
A
SA
NG
KO
T S
I D
E L
IMA
SA
Au
g.
24
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
1.5
K
12
9
25
12
6
DR
OG
A,
ILA
LA
BA
S N
G
PA
NG
UL
O
54
Sen
. C
ayet
ano
, p
inap
a-i
nh
ibit
si
Sen
.
De
Lim
a sa
pag
din
ig n
g u
man
o'y
exta
jud
icia
l kil
ling
s
Au
g.
24
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(36
5K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
4
.7K
1
.8K
1
.9K
55
Bil
ang n
g n
apat
ay s
a an
ti-i
lleg
al
dru
gs
op
erat
ion n
g P
NP
, p
um
alo
na
sa 4
02
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Vid
eo
(31
K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
03
99
18
2
56
Wal
a nan
g k
om
unik
asyo
n s
a la
bas
ang n
akak
ulo
ng n
a d
rug l
ord
s sa
Bil
ibid
- P
NP
Chie
f D
ela
Ro
sa
Au
g.
23
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(15
7K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
.2K
1
.1K
2
.1K
57
New
s5
Au
g.
11
, 2
01
6
Pho
to
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
17
1
19
3
Bre
akd
ow
n o
f P
NP
&
no
n P
NP
per
sonnel
who
pre
sente
d t
hem
selv
es t
o
PN
P C
hie
f D
ir G
en.
Ro
nal
d D
ela
Ro
sa (
via
Fra
nce
No
guer
a/N
ew
s5)
58
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
PA
MU
NU
AN
NG
NC
RP
O,
HA
HA
RA
P S
A
PA
GD
INIG
NG
SE
NA
DO
SA
EX
TR
AJU
DIC
IAL
KIL
LIN
GS
Au
g.
19
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
7
20
25
37
Sa
Met
ro M
anil
a kasi
nai
tala
ang
pin
akam
aram
ing k
aso
ng e
xtr
ajud
icia
l kil
lin
gs
sa b
ansa
.
59
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MG
A M
AY
OR
NA
ID
INA
WIT
SA
DR
OG
A,
LU
MU
TA
NG
PA
RA
LIN
ISIN
AN
G
PA
NG
AL
AN
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
8
87
67
97
An
g i
lan s
a kanil
a,
nat
ako
t d
aw
par
a sa
kal
igta
san l
alu
't
nag
big
ay n
g t
anin
g a
ng
Pan
gu
lo.
12
7
60
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
CJ
SE
RE
NO
,
TIN
AN
GG
AP
AN
G S
OR
RY
NI
PR
ES
. D
UT
ER
TE
Au
g.
12
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
3
60
18
49
Mat
atan
daa
ng n
agb
anta
si P
res.
Dig
on
g n
g
Mar
tial
Law
mat
apo
s
siyan
g s
ula
tan n
i C
J
Ser
eno
nang p
angal
anan
niy
a an
g m
ga
hu
ko
m n
a
daw
it u
mano
sa
dro
ga.
61
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
H2
0 |
LIS
TA
HA
N N
G M
GA
SA
NG
KO
T
SA
DR
OG
A,
PIN
UN
A D
AH
IL S
A
MA
LI
AT
KU
LA
NG
UM
AN
O
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
6
19
37
82
May i
lang p
erso
nal
idad
na
lanta
ran
g p
um
una
sa
inil
abas
na
list
ahan n
i
Pan
gu
lon
g R
od
rigo
Dute
rte
ng m
ga
san
gko
t
um
ano
sa
dro
ga.
62
Bis
ho
p B
rod
eric
k P
abil
lo,
may b
anat
kay P
ang
ulo
ng D
ute
rte
Au
g.
11
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(13
0K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.9K
6
72
3.3
K
63
Bar
on G
eisl
er,
bin
abat
iko
s si
Pre
s.
Dute
rte
dah
il s
a su
nud
-su
no
d n
a
pag
kam
atay n
g m
ga
san
gko
t sa
ili
gal
na
dro
ga
Au
g.
16
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(35
9K
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
2
.1K
8
66
2.5
K
64
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
MG
A
PR
ES
ON
G S
AN
GK
OT
SA
DR
OG
A
SA
P'Q
UE
CIT
Y J
AIL
,
NA
NG
AN
GA
MB
A S
A
SE
GU
RID
AD
Au
g.
12
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
21
3
18
21
Wal
o s
a 1
0 i
nm
ate
s na
nas
aw
i ay m
ay k
aso
kau
gnay n
g d
roga.
65
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
NU
JP,
HIN
AM
ON
AN
G D
OJ
NA
IL
AB
AS
AN
G P
AN
GA
LA
N N
G M
ED
IA N
A
KO
NE
KT
AD
O S
A D
RO
GA
Au
g.
10
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
4
48
41
11
0
Ayo
n s
a N
UJP
, d
apat
mag
lab
as a
ng k
ali
him
par
a m
apat
unayan a
ng
mga
ak
usa
syo
n n
ito
.
12
8
66
Rep
. R
oq
ue,
hin
am
on s
i S
en.
De
Lim
a na
sum
ipo
t sa
pag
din
ig n
g
Kam
ara
kau
gnay n
g d
rug t
rad
e sa
Bil
ibid
Au
g.
24
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(1.1
M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
3K
1
3.8
K
3.7
K
67
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
SU
SP
EC
TE
D
DR
UG
LO
RD
NA
AN
AK
NI
ES
PIN
OS
A,
NA
GP
AR
AM
DA
M N
A
PA
RA
SU
MU
KO
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
38
42
13
Kin
um
pir
ma
rin n
i D
ela
Ro
sa n
a m
ay
imp
orm
asyo
n n
a
pro
tekto
r u
man
o n
g
dru
g l
ord
ang d
alaw
ang
reti
rad
ong h
ener
al n
a
idin
aw
it n
i P
ang
ulo
ng
Ro
dri
go
Dute
rte
sa
dro
ga.
68
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
ME
XIC
AN
DR
UG
CA
RT
EL
, N
AK
IKIP
AG
-
UG
NA
YA
N S
A C
HIN
ES
E D
RU
G
OR
G.
- P
DE
A
Au
g.
4,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
6
89
15
5
20
Bas
e sa
inte
llegence
rep
ort
ng P
DE
A,
nak
ikip
ag-u
gnayan n
a
ang M
exic
an d
rug c
arte
l
sa C
hin
ese
dru
g
traf
fick
ing o
rgan
izati
on
sa b
ansa
.
69
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
QC
PD
DIR
EC
TO
R,
NA
KA
TA
TA
NG
GA
P
NA
UM
AN
O N
G B
AN
TA
SA
BU
HA
Y
Au
g.
2,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
8
79
92
50
Sa
git
na
nam
an n
g
pin
aigti
ng n
a kam
pan
ya
ko
ntr
a d
roga,
nak
akat
ang
gap
na
um
ano
ng b
anta
sa
buhay a
ng h
epe
ng
Quez
on C
ity
70
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
P8
8M
HA
LA
GA
NG
SH
AB
U,
NA
TA
GP
UA
N S
A B
AH
AY
NI
AL
BU
ER
A M
AY
OR
ES
PIN
OS
A
Au
g.
10
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
1
K
17
0
31
Sa
kusi
na
ng b
ahay n
g
alkal
de
nar
eko
ber
ang
11
kil
o n
g h
inih
inal
ang
shab
u.
12
9
71
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
HA
LO
S P
4M
HA
LA
GA
NG
SH
AB
U,
NA
SA
BA
T
SA
MO
SQ
UE
SA
CA
LA
MB
A
Au
g.
8,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
1
.6K
3
89
37
Nak
um
pis
ka
sa
Cal
am
ba,
Lag
una
ang
hal
os
P4
-mil
yo
ng
hal
aga
ng s
hab
u
kah
apo
n.
72
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
AP
AT
NA
HU
KO
M N
A I
DIN
AW
IT S
A
DR
OG
A,
ISA
SA
ILA
LIM
SA
IMB
ES
TIG
AS
YO
N
Au
g.
9,
20
16
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
9
20
16
5
49
Bib
igyan n
g p
ito
ng
araw
an
g m
ga
huko
m
par
a sa
guti
n a
ng
rekla
mo
.
73
New
s5 E
ver
yw
her
e -
2 P
AT
AY
, 4
AR
ES
TA
DO
SA
DR
UG
RA
ID S
A
LA
GU
NA
; IS
AN
G S
US
PE
K,
SU
PP
LIE
R D
AW
SA
TA
GA
-
SH
OW
BIZ
Au
g.
12
, 2
01
6
O
ct.
16
, 20
18
8
33
67
14
An
g i
sang t
arget
, nagsu
-
sup
ply
daw
ng i
ligal
na
dro
ga
sa m
ga
taga-
sho
wb
iz.
74
DJ
Kar
en B
ord
ado
r at
kan
yan
g
kas
inta
han
, ar
esta
do
sa
bu
y-b
ust
op
erat
ion s
a P
asig
Au
g.
15
, 2
01
6
Vid
eo
(1M
vie
ws)
Oct
. 1
6,
20
18
6
.8K
4
.1K
8
39
130
국문초록
필리핀의 마약과의 전쟁과 국민 여론: 정책과 시민의 태도 및 참여와의 역동적 관계
Lady Fatima H. Dela Cruz
서울대학교 행정대학원
글로벌행정전공
본 논문은 필리핀의 마약과의 전쟁과 이에 대한 국민 여론 사례를 통해
정책과 시민의 태도 및 참여와의 역동적 관계에 대해 고찰한다.
Pacheco(2015)가 개발한 태도 정책 피드백 분석틀(Attitudinal Policy
Feedback framework)을 사용하여 정책과 시민의 태도 및 참여의 관계가
어떻게 상호의존적으로 변화하는지를 분석한다.
본 연구는 로드리고 두테르테 필리핀 대통령의 불법 마약 근절 정책의
특징을 실재성, 가시성, 도입 기간의 측면에서 살펴보고, 어떻게 정책이 이
세 가지 중요한 요인을 통해 국민 여론이라는 형태로 피드백 되는지를
설명한다. 페이스북 게시물에 대한 분석 결과, 정책을 내용으로 하는 게시물
중 시민의 반응을 강하게 이끌어내는 특정 유형이 있음을 발견하고, 어떻게
정책에 대한 시민의 태도와 참여가 정책 시행에 변화를 이끌어낼 수
있는지를 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 정책과 시민 참여의 역학적 관계를 통해
향후 마약 근절 정책 기조 유지에 대해 전망하였다. 요컨대 본 연구는 정책과
시민의 태도 및 참여의 관계가 상호의존적으로 변화한다는 것을
확인해준다는 의의가 있다.
주제어: 공공정책, 시민 참여, 국민 여론, 소셜네트워크서비스, 정책 피드백,
페이스북
학 번: 2017-25110
top related