do now 1. what are mutations? 2. what happens during an insertion mutation? 3. what happens during a...

Do Now 1. What are mutations?

2. What happens during an insertion mutation?

3. What happens during a deletion mutation?

4. What happens during transcription?

5. What’s a protein?

Announcements Quizzes: I haven’t finished grading them. I’m

sorry, I will get them done ASAP. Gonzaga lost the West Coast Conference

Championship by 4 in OT . ESPN video

Prank calls: These NEED to stop or I’ll be going to the police

and filing harassment charges. I have three numbers of students who have been calling me.

Behavior:

Today INM Phenotype and genotype/ heterozygous

and homogenous Questions 1 – 3 on Bikini Bottom Genetics INM Punnett Squares Questions 4-8 on Bikini Bottom Genetics

What do we need to know to use a Punnett Square? 1. Genotype of parents 2. Which allele is dominant

Phenotype and genotype Phenotype: Physical appearance that

you see Genotype: what the DNA says

IE: Ms. Lusk has brown hair – Phenotype IE: Ms. Lusk’s mom has blonde hair

while her dad has dark hair. Her genotype is actually Bb

Capital letters are the dominant traits These are the ones that you see in a person

phenotype

Purebred = Homozygous Purebred:

Both alleles are for the same trait

Example: FF

Hybrid = Heterozygous Hybrid = The alleles are mixed; they are

for different traits

Example: Ff

Quick Check: Homozygous = stand up, Heterozygous = sit down

BB Homozygous

Bb Heterozygous

bb Homozygous

bB Heterozygous

Probability Have you talked about probability yet in

math? Probability is the extent to which something

could happen. IE: There is a large probability that if you all begin

talking, Ms.Lusk will get upset with you. Flipping a coin results in a 50:50 probability.

I have a 50% chance that if I flip a coin it will land heads.

There’s only two options (heads/tails).

Probability and Genetics In genetics, we use Punnett Squares to

help us understand the probability of something occurring within an offspring.

How are Punnett squares used? A Lot like a multiplication table. Female alleles (genes) are across the

top, and male alleles are down the left side.

R r

R

R

When the female and male alleles are “multiplied,” the result combo of the alleles gives the possible genotypes of the offspring.

RR Rr

RrRR

FIRST: Multiply the two top left columns.

Let’s try a Punnett Square! Hair Color in Humans

B = brown = dominantb = blonde = recessive

DRAW A PUNNETT SQUARE IN YOUR NOTES!!!

Let’s say Kevin Federline and Britney Spears are having a baby…

KFed is heterozygous for brown hair, so….

His genotype is

BbB

b

And Britney is homogenous for blonde hair, so….

Her genotype is

bb

b b

Bb Bb

bb bb

B

b

b b

Bb Bb

bb bb

Genotype Ratio Percentage Phenotype Ratio Percentage

Bb 2/4

2/4 50%50%

Brown Hair

2/450%

bb Blonde Hair

2/4

50%

The likelihood that an offspring will have Brown Hair is ______________ .

The probability that an offspring will have Blonde Hair is ____________ .

***Important*** Probability is the likelihood something will

happen, or the chance that something will happen.

If there is a 25% chance that your kids will have blue eyes, it does not mean that if you have 4 kids one of them is definitely going to have blue eyes!

Guided practice: Widow’s Peak

A recessive gene

W = Normal Hairline

w = Widow’s Peak

Let’s say you have two parents who are heterozygous for the gene

1. What are the chances that their offspring will have a widow’s peak?

2. What are the chances that their offspring will not have a widow’s peak but will carry an allele for a widow’s peak?

3. What are the chances that their offspring will not have a widow’s peak and will not carry a gene for a widow’s peak?

What are their genotypes?

Ww and Ww

Let’s see what happens if the parents have the following genotypes: Ww and ww

1. What are the chances that their offspring will have a widow’s peak?

2. What are the chances that their offspring will not have a widow’s peak but will carry an allele for a widow’s peak?

3. What are the chances that their offspring will not have a widow’s peak and will not carry a gene for a widow’s peak?