doctrine mongodb object document mapper

Doctrine MongoDB ODM www.doctrine-project.org www.sensiolabs.org

DoctrineMongoDB Object Document Mapper (ODM)

What is Doctrine?

• Open source PHP project started in 2006

• Relational database abstraction layer.• mysql, oracle, pgsql, sqlite, etc.

• Object persistence layers for RDBMS, MongoDB, etc.

• Other database related functionalities.

What is Doctrine?

http://www.doctrine-project.org

What is MongoDB?

• Key-Value document based storage system.

• Bridge between traditional relational databases and key-value data stores.

http://www.mongodb.org

Terminology

RDBMS MongoDBDatabase Database

Table Collection

Row Document

Using MongoDB in PHP

Connecting

$mongo = new Mongo('mongodb://localhost');

$mongo = new Mongo('mongodb://localhost');$db = $mongo->selectDB('dbname');

Selecting Databases

Selecting Collections

$mongo = new Mongo('mongodb://localhost');$db = $mongo->selectDB('dbname');$coll = $db->selectCollection('users');

Inserting Documents

$user = array( 'username' => 'jwage', 'password' => md5('changeme') 'active' => true);$coll->insert($user);

echo $user['_id'];

Insert a new user document and echo the newly generated id

Updating Documents

$user = $coll->findOne(array('username' => 'jwage'));$user['username'] = 'jonwage';$user['password'] = md5('newpassword');$coll->save($user);

Update username and password and save the whole document

Atomic Updates

• Faster than saving the entire document.

• Safer than updating the entire document.

• Updates are done in place and are atomic.

Atomic Updates

$coll->update(array( 'username' => 'jwage'), array( '$set' => array( 'username' => 'jonwage', 'password' => md5('newpassword') )));

Update username and password where username is jwage

Atomic Updates

• $inc - increments field by the number value• $set - sets field to value• $unset - deletes a given field• $push - appends value to an array• $pushAll - appends multiple values to an array• $addToSet - appends multiple values to an array that don’t already exist in the

array• $pop - removes the last element in an array• $pull - removes all occurrences of a value from an array• $pullAll - removes all occurrences of multiple values from an array

Many other atomic operators exist for manipulating a documents data

Removing Documents

$coll->remove(array('username' => 'jwage'));

Doctrine + MongoDB

DocumentManager

• Abstraction on top of the PHP Mongo class

• Manages the persistent state of PHP objects

• Implements UnitOfWork for change tracking

http://martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/unitOfWork.html

• A NEW document instance has no persistent identity, and is not yet associated with a DocumentManager (i.e. those just created with the "new" operator).

• A MANAGED document instance is an instance with a persistent identity that is associated with an DocumentManager and whose persistence is thus managed.

• A DETACHED document instance is an instance with a persistent identity that is not (or no longer) associated with an DocumentManager.

• A REMOVED document instance is an instance with a persistent identity, associated with an DocumentManager, that will be removed from the database upon transaction commit.

Document States

$config = new \Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Configuration();$config->setMetadataCacheImpl(new \Doctrine\Common\Cache\ArrayCache);$driverImpl = $config->newDefaultAnnotationDriver(array(__DIR__."/Documents"));$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driverImpl);

$config->setProxyDir(__DIR__ . '/Proxies');$config->setProxyNamespace('Proxies');

$dm = \Doctrine\ORM\DocumentManager::create($mongo, $config);

DocumentManagerCreate your DocumentManager instance for managing object persistence

Wraps around existing $mongo connection

Defining Document

class User{ private $id; private $username; private $password;

public function getId() { return $this->id; }

public function getUsername() { return $this->username; }

public function setUsername($username) { $this->username = $username; }

public function getPassword() { return $this->password; }

public function setPassword($password) { $this->password = md5($password); }}

A document is just a regular ole’ PHP class

Mapping the Document

/** @Document */class User{ /** @Id */ private $id; /** @String */ private $username; /** @String */ private $password; // ...}

Ready to GoDoctrine now knows about this document and is able

to manage its persistent state

Inserting, Updating and Deleting Documents

Inserting Documents$user = new User();$user->setUsername('jwage');$user->setPassword('changeme');

$dm->persist($user);$dm->flush(); // inserts document

$users = array( array( 'username' => 'jwage', 'password' => 'changeme' ));$coll->batchInsert($users);

Updating Documents$user = $dm->findOne('User', array('username' => 'jwage'));

$user->setUsername('jonwage');$user->setPassword('newpassword');

$dm->flush(); // updates document

$coll->update( array('_id' => 'theid'), array('$set' => array( 'username' => 'jonwage', 'password' => '5e9d11a14ad1c8dd77e98ef9b53fd1ba' ));

Removing Documents

$user = $dm->findOne('User', array('username' => 'jwage'));

$dm->remove($user);$dm->flush(); // removes document

$coll->remove(array('_id' => 'theid'));

Query APIFluent OO Query API

Querying MongoDB Directly

// Get user array directly from mongo$user = $mongo->db->users->findOne(array('username' => 'jwage'));

Returns an array of information and not a User object

// Get user class instance through Doctrine$user = $dm->findOne('User', array('username' => 'jwage'));

Querying Through Doctrine

Going through Doctrine gives you managed objects back instead of arrays

// Get user class instance through Doctrine Query API$user = $dm->createQuery('User') ->field('username')->equals('jwage') ->getSingleResult();

Querying Through Doctrine Query API

Query for same user using the Query API

// Find posts within a range of dates$posts = $dm->createQuery('Post') ->field('createdAt')->range($startDate, $endDate) ->execute();

Querying Through Doctrine Query API

Updating Documents

// Update a document$dm->createQuery('User') ->update() ->field('username')->set('jonwage') ->field('password')->set('newpassword') ->field('username')->equals('jwage') ->execute();

// Remove a document$dm->createQuery('User') ->remove() ->field('username')->equals('jwage') ->execute();

Removing Documents

Embedded Documents

class User{ /** @Id */ public $id;

/** @String */ public $name;

/** @EmbedMany(targetDocument="Address") */ public $addresses = array();}

/** @EmbeddedDocument */class Address{ /** @String */ public $address;

/** @String */ public $city;

/** @String */ public $state;

/** @String */ public $zipcode;}

$user = new User();$user->name = 'Jonathan H. Wage';

$address = new Address();$address->address = '6512 Mercomatic Ct';$address->city = 'Nashville';$address->state = 'Tennessee';$address->zipcode = '37209';$user->addresses[] = $address;

$dm->persist($user);$dm->flush();

$users = array( array( 'name' => 'Jonathan H. Wage', 'addresses' => array( array( 'address' => '6512 Mercomatic Ct', 'city' => 'Nashville', 'state' => 'Tennesseee', 'zipcode' => '37209' ) ) ));$coll->batchInsert($users);

Updating Embedded Documents

Uses dot notation and atomic operators for updating

$user = $dm->findOne('User', array('name' => 'Jonathan H. Wage'));$user->addresses[0]->zipcode = '37205';$dm->flush();

$coll->update( array('_id' => 'theuserid'), array('$set' => array('addresses.0.zipcode' => '37209')));

Add New Address

$user = $dm->findOne('User', array('name' => 'Jonathan H. Wage'));

$address = new Address();$address->address = '475 Buckhead Ave.';$address->city = 'Atlanta';$address->state = 'Georgia';$address->zipcode = '30305';$user->addresses[] = $address;

$dm->flush();

$coll->update( array('_id' => 'theuserid'), array('$pushAll' => array( 'addresses' => array( array( 'address' => '475 Buckhead Ave.', 'city' => 'Atlanta', 'state' => 'Georgia', 'zipcode' => '30305' ) ) )));

unset($user->addresses[0]->zipcode);$dm->flush();

$coll->update( array('_id' => 'theuserid'), array( '$unset' => array( 'addresses.0.zipcode' => 1 ) ));

ReferencesMongoDB does not have joins or foreign keys but you

can still store references to other documents and resolve the references in your application code.

Doctrine abstracts the handling of referneces for you so working with them is seamless.

/** @Document */class Organization{ /** @Id */ private $id;

/** @String */ private $name;

/** @ReferenceMany(targetDocument="User") */ private $users = array();

public function setName($name) { $this->name = $name; }

public function addUser(User $user) { $this->users[] = $user; }}

Organization

/** @Document */class User{ /** @Id */ private $id;

/** @String */ private $name;

/** @ReferenceOne(targetDocument="Organization") */ private $organization;

public function setName($name) { $this->name = $name; }

public function setOrganization(Organization $organization) { $this->organization = $organization; $organization->addUser($this); }}

$organization = new Organization();$organization->setName('Sensio Labs');

$user = new User();$user->setName('Jonathan H. Wage');$user->setOrganization($organization);

$dm->persist($organization);$dm->persist($user);$dm->flush();

The Result

Array( [_id] => 4c86acd78ead0e8759000000 [name] => Sensio Labs [users] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [$ref] => User [$id] => 4c86acd78ead0e8759010000 [$db] => doctrine_odm_sandbox )

Array( [_id] => 4c86acd78ead0e8759010000 [name] => Jonathan H. Wage [organization] => Array ( [$ref] => Organization [$id] => 4c86acd78ead0e8759000000 [$db] => doctrine_odm_sandbox )

Working with References

$user = $dm->find('User', array('name' => 'Jonathan H. Wage'));

// instance of uninitialized OrganizationProxy$organization = $user->getOrganization();

// calling getter or setter for uninitialized proxy// queries the database and initialized the proxy document

// query invoked, organization data loaded and doc initializedecho $organization->getName();

$organization = $dm->find('Organization', array('name' => 'Sensio Labs'));$users = $organization->getUsers(); // uninitialized collection

// Queries database for users and initializes collectionforeach ($users as $user){ // ...}

Change Tracking

UnitOfWork• Tracks changes in objects between flushes

• Maintains copy of old values to compare new values to

• Changesets computed and persisted in the most efficient way using atomic operators $inc, $set, $unset, $pullAll, $pushAll, etc.

Other Features

Document Query Language

Language for querying documents in a similar way to SQL

BNF Grammar

QueryLanguage ::= FindQuery | InsertQuery | UpdateQuery | RemoveQuery

FindQuery ::= FindClause [WhereClause] [MapClause] [ReduceClause] [SortClause] [LimitClause] [SkipClause]FindClause ::= "FIND" all | SelectField {"," SelectField}SelectField ::= DocumentFieldNameSortClause ::= SortClauseField {"," SortClauseField}SortClauseField ::= DocumentFieldName "ASC | DESC"LimitClause ::= "LIMIT" LimitIntegerSkipClause ::= "SKIP" SkipIntegerMapClause ::= "MAP" MapFunctionReduceClause ::= "REDUCE" ReduceFunction

DocumentFieldName ::= DocumentFieldName | EmbeddedDocument "." {"." DocumentFieldName}WhereClause ::= "WHERE" WhereClausePart {"AND" WhereClausePart}WhereClausePart ::= ["all", "not"] DocumentFieldName WhereClauseExpression ValueWhereClauseExpression ::= "=" | "!=" | ">=" | "<=" | ">" | "<" | "in" "notIn" | "all" | "size" | "exists" | "type"Value ::= LiteralValue | JsonObject | JsonArray

UpdateQuery ::= UpdateClause [WhereClause]UpdateClause ::= [SetExpression], [UnsetExpression], [IncrementExpression], [PushExpression], [PushAllExpression], [PullExpression], [PullAllExpression], [AddToSetExpression], [AddManyToSetExpression], [PopFirstExpression], [PopLastExpression]SetExpression ::= "SET" DocumentFieldName "=" Value {"," SetExpression}UnsetExpression ::= "UNSET" DocumentFieldName {"," UnsetExpression}IncrementExpression ::= "INC" DocumentFieldName "=" IncrementInteger {"," IncrementExpression}PushExpression ::= "PUSH" DocumentFieldName Value {"," PushExpression}PushAllExpression ::= "PUSHALL" DocumentFieldName Value {"," PushAllExpression}PullExpression ::= "PULL" DocumentFieldName Value {"," PullExpression}PullAllExpression ::= "PULLALL" DocumentFieldName Value {"," PullAllExpression}AddToSetExpression ::= "ADDTOSET" DocumentFieldName Value {"," AddToSetExpression}AddManyToSetExpression ::= "ADDMANYTOSET" DocumentFieldName Value {"," AddManyToSetExpression}PopFirstExpression ::= "POPFIRST" DocumentFieldName {"," PopFirstExpression}PopLastExpression ::= "POPLAST" DocumentFieldName {"," PopLastExpression}

InsertQuery ::= InsertClause InsertSetClause {"," InsertSetClause}InsertSetClause ::= DocumentFieldName "=" Value

RemoveQuery ::= RemoveClause [WhereClause]

Creating Query

$users = $dm->query('find all FROM User');

Selecting Fields

$users = $dm->query('find username FROM User');

Paging Results

$users = $dm->query('find all FROM User limit 30 skip 30');

Selecting Slice of Embedded Documents

$post = $dm->query('find title, comments limit 20 skip 10 FROM BlogPost WHERE id = ?', array($id));

Other Examples

// Find all posts greater than or equal to a date$posts = $dm->query('find all FROM BlogPost WHERE createdAt >= ?', array($date));

// Find all posts sorted by created at desc$posts = $dm->query('find all FROM BlogPost sort createdAt desc');

// Update user$dm->query('update Documents\User set password = ? where username = ?', array('newpassword', 'jwage'));

Lifecycle Events

http://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/mongodb_odm/1.0/docs/reference/events/en#lifecycle-callbacks

“A lifecycle event is a regular event with the additional feature of providing a mechanism to register direct

callbacks inside the corresponding document classes that are executed when the lifecycle event occurs.”

• preRemove - The preRemove event occurs for a given document before the respective DocumentManager remove operation for that document is executed.

• postRemove - The postRemove event occurs for an document after the document has been removed. It will be invoked after the database delete operations.

• prePersist - The prePersist event occurs for a given document before the respective DocumentManager persist operation for that document is executed.

• postPersist - The postPersist event occurs for an document after the document has been made persistent. It will be invoked after the database insert operations. Generated primary key values are available in the postPersist event.

• preUpdate - The preUpdate event occurs before the database update operations to document data.

• postUpdate - The postUpdate event occurs after the database update operations to document data.

• postLoad - The postLoad event occurs for an document after the document has been loaded into the current DocumentManager from the database or after the refresh operation has been applied to it.

Event Examples

/** * @Document * @HasLifecycleCallbacks */class BlogPost{ /** @Id */ public $id; /** @Date */ public $createdAt; /** @Date */ public $updatedAt;

/** @PreUpdate */ public function prePersist() { $this->createdAt = new DateTime(); }

/** @PreUpdate */ public function preUpdate() { $this->updatedAt = new DateTime(); }}

Migrating Data

/** * @Document */class User{ /** @Id */ public $id; /** @String */ public $name;}

Initial Document

/** * @Document */class User{ /** @Id */ public $id; /** @String */ public $firstName; /** @String */ public $lastName;}

New Document

/** * @Document * @HasLifecycleCallbacks */class User{ /** @Id */ public $id; /** @String */ public $firstName; /** @String */ public $lastName;

/** @PreLoad */ public function preLoad(array &$data) { if (isset($data['name'])) { $e = explode(' ', $data['name']); unset($data['name']); $data['firstName'] = $e[0]; $data['lastName'] = $e[1]; } }

Migrate Documents With Old Field Name

You can contact Jonathan about Doctrine and Open-Source or for training, consulting, application development, or business related

questions at jonathan.wage@sensio.com

Jonathan H. Wage

• http://www.twitter.com/jwage

• http://www.jwage.com

• http://www.facebook.com/jwage

Questions?

doctrine mongodb object document mapper

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