drug study final
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DRUG STUDY
DRUG LISTS
1 Kalium Durule
2 Ceftriaxone
3 Spironolactone
4 Cefixime
5 Vitamin B Complex
6 Combivent
Patient’s Initials: A.M.
Age: 48 years old
Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR
Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
Kalium Durule
Brand Name:
Potassium
Chloride
Classification:
Electrolytic
and water
balance agent
Prescribed
Dosage:
2 tablets (20
mEq) x TID
Indication
Prevention and
correction of
potassium
deficiency; when
associated with
alkalosis, use
potassium
chloride; when
associated with
acidosis, use
potassium
acetate,
bicarbonate,
citrate, or
Contraindication
Contraindicated
with allergy to
tartrazine, aspirin
(tartrazine is
found in some
preparations
marketed as
Kaon-Cl, Klor-
Con)
Severe renal
impairment with
oliguria, anuria,
azotemia
Most Common
Nausea
Vomiting,
Diarrhea
Abdomina
l
discomfort
Adverse Effects
Rash
GI
obstructio
n
GI
bleeding
GI
ulceration
or
perforatio
n
Hyperkale
PRE:
Do
handwashing
to prevent
cross
contamination
Check for the
doctor’s order
Check the for
the age of the
patient
Check for the
gender of the
patient
Provide the
10R for giving
Route:
Oral
Form:
Tablet
gluconate
Mechanism of
Action
Principal
intracellular
cation of most
body tissues,
participates in a
number of
physiologic
processes—
maintaining
intracellular
tonicity,
transmission of
nerve impulses,
contraction of
cardiac, skeletal,
and smooth
muscle,
Untreated
Addison’s
disease;
hyperkalemia;
adynamia
episodica
hereditaria; acute
dehydration; heat
cramps
GI disorders that
delay passage in
the GI tract.
Special Concern:
Use cautiously
with cardiac
disorders,
especially if
treated with
digitalis,
pregnancy,
mia—
increased
serum K+
ECG
changes
(peaking
of T
waves,
loss of P
waves,
depressio
n of ST
segment,
prolongati
on of QTc
interval)
medication
Identify
patients name
Assess
patients
condition
Ask for any
drug allergy
INTRA:
Take drug
after meals or
with food and
a full glass of
water to
decrease GI
upset.
Arrange for
serial serum
potassium
levels before
and during
maintenance of
normal renal
function; also
plays a role in
carbohydrate
metabolism and
various enzymatic
reactions.
lactation. therapy.
Caution
patient not to
chew or crush
tablets; have
patient
swallow tablet
whole.
Arrange for
further dilution
or dose
reduction if GI
effects are
severe
POST:
CLIENT/FAMILY
TEACHING
Take the drug
as prescribed;
do not take
more than
prescribed.
Do not use
salt
substitutes. It
may find wax
matrix
capsules in
the stool. The
wax matrix is
not absorbed
in the GI tract.
Have periodic
blood tests
and medical
evaluation.
Report if
experiencing
these side
effects:
Nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea
(taking the
drugs with
meals, diluting
them further
may help).
Report tingling
of the hands
or feet,
unusual
tiredness or
weakness,
feeling of
heaviness in
the legs,
severe
nausea,
vomiting,
abdominal
pain, black or
tarry stools,
Patient’s Initials: A.M.
Age: 48 years old
Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR
Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
Ceftriaxone
Brand Name:
Rocephin
Classification:
Antibiotic
Prescribed
Dosage:
2 g
Route:
IV
Indication
Lower respiratory
infections caused
by Streptococcus
pneumonia,
Staphylococcus
aureus, Klbsiella,
Haemophilus
influenza,
Escherichia coli,
Proteus mirabilis,
Enterobacter
aerogenes,
Serratia
marscens,
Contraindication
Contraindicated
with allergy to
cephalosporins or
penicillins
Special Concern:
Use cautiously
with renal failure.
Use cautiously
with cardiac
disorders,
Most Common
Nausea
Vomiting,
Diarrhea
Abdomina
l Pain
Pain at
injection
site.
Adverse Effects
Headache
Dizziness
Hepatotox
icity
Decrease
d WBC ,
HCT,
Platelet
count
PRE:
Inspect
and palpate
the
intravenous
insertion site
for signs of
infections.
Take vital
signs for
baseline.
Determine
for allergies to
medications
after doing
skin testing
Form:
Liquid
Hemophilus
parainfluenzae,
Streptococcus.
Mechanism of
Action
Inhibits synthesis
of bacterial cell
wall, causing cell
death
especially if
treated with
digitalis,
pregnancy,
lactation.
Check
compatibility
of the
medications
and IV fluid.
Assemble
equipments
and supplies.
Check the
label on the
medication
and compare
with the
medical
orders.
Wash
hands and
observe other
appropriate
infection
control
procedures.
Prepare
the
medication.
INTRA:
Identify the
injection port
closest to the
client.
Clean the
port with an
antiseptic
swab.
Stop the
IV flow by
closing the
clamp or
pinching the
tubing above
the injection
port.
Slowly
inject the
medication
and release it.
POST:
CLIENT/FAMILY
TEACHING
Tell patient
to promptly
report adverse
reactions and
sign and
symptoms of
infection.
Tell patient
to notify
prescriber if
loose stools or
diarrhea
occur.
Instruct
patient to
report pain on
the IV site.
Patient’s Initials: A.M.
Age: 48 years old
Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR
Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
Spironolactone
Brand Name:
Aldactone
Classification:
Potassium-
sparing
diuretic,
Aldosterone
antagonist
Prescribed
Dosage:
1 tablet
Indication
Diagnosis and
maintenance of
primary
hyperaldosteronis
m Adjunctive
therapy in edema
associated with
CHF, nephrotic
syndrome,
hepatic cirrhosis
when other
therapies are
inadequate or
inappropriate
Contraindication
Anuria
Hyperkalemia
Acute or
progressive renal
insufficiency
Addison’s
disease.
Most Common
Weakness
Paresthes
ia
Diarrhea
Abdomina
l
discomfort
Drowsine
ss,
headache
,
Adverse Effects
Fluid or
electrolyte
imbalance
Gynecom
astia
tachycardi
a
hypotensi
on
oliguria
hyperkale
PRE:
Do
handwashing
to prevent
cross
contamination
Check for the
doctor’s order
Check the for
the age of the
patient
Check for the
gender of the
patient
Provide the
10R for giving
(100mg) x BID
Route:
Oral
Form:
Tablet
Treatment of
hypokalemia or
prevention of
hypokalemia in
patients who
would be at high
risk if
hypokalemia
occurred:
Digitalized
patients,
patients
with
cardiac
arrhythmia
Essential
hypertensi
on, usually
in
combinatio
hyponatre
mia
mia
confusion
hirsutism
mental
disturbanc
es
menstrual
irregulariti
es
loss of
libido and
impotence
.
medication
Identify
patients name
Assess
patients
condition
Ask for any
drug allergy
INTRA:
Give daily
doses early so
that increased
urination does
not interfere
with sleep.
Measure and
record regular
weight to
monitor
mobilization of
n with
other
drugs
Mechanism of
Action
Spironolactone
acts on the distal
renal tubules as a
competitive
antagonist of
aldosterone. It
increases the
excretion of
sodium chloride
and water while
conserving
potassium and
hydrogen ions
edema fluid.
Avoid giving
food rich in
potassium.
Arrange for
regular
evaluation of
serum
electrolytes
and BUN.
POST:
CLIENT/FAMILY
TEACHING
Be aware that
the maximal
diuretic effect
may not occur
until third day
of therapy and
that diuresis
may continue
for 2–3 d after
drug is
withdrawn.
Report signs
of
hyponatremia
or
hyperkalemia,
most likely to
occur in
patients with
severe
cirrhosis.
Avoid
replacing fluid
losses with
large amounts
of free water
(can result in
dilutional
hyponatremia)
Weight 2–3
times each
week. Report
gains/loss
of 5 lbs.
Do not drive
or engage in
potentially
hazardous
activities until
response to
the drug is
known.
Avoid
excessive
intake of high-
potassium
foods and salt
substitutes.
Patient’s Initials: A.M.
Age: 48 years old
Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR
Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
Cefixime
Brand Name:
Suprax
Classification:
Beta-Lactam
antibiotic;
third-
generation
cephalosporin
Prescribed
Dosage:
200 gram x BID
Indication
Uncomplicated
UTI, otitis media,
pharyngitis,
tonsillitis, and
bronchitis.
Mechanism of
Action
Cefixime is a
third- generation
cephalosporin. As
a beta-lactam
antibiotic like the
Contraindication
Patients with
known allergy to
the cephalosporin
group of
antibiotics,
severe reaction
to penicillin.
.
Most Common
Diarrhea,
loose or
frequent
stools
abdominal
pain
nausea
stomach
upset
flatulence
Adverse Effects
Skin
rashes
Hives
Fever
Itching
Facial
swelling
Elevated
liver
enzymes
level
jaundice
liver
inflammati
PRE:
Check for the
doctor’s order
Check for the
age of the
patient
Check for the
gender of the
patient
Provide the
10R for giving
medication
Identify
patients name
Assess
patients
Route:
Oral
Form:
Tablet
penicillins, it is
mainly
bactericidal. It
inhibits the third
and final stage of
bacterial cell wall
synthesis by
preferentially
binding to specific
penicillin-binding
proteins (PBPs)
located inside the
bacterial cell wall.
on
Headache
Dizzines
Seizures
Genital
itching
vaginal
inflammati
on/fungal
infection
and skin
disorders.
condition
Ask for any
drug allergy
Have a skin
test before
administration
Check for IV
insertion site
before
administration
INTRA:
Take drug
after meals or
with food and
a full glass of
water to
decrease GI
upset.
CLIENT/FAMILY
TEACHING
Report loose
stools or
diarrhea
during drug
therapy and
for several
weeks after.
Older adult
patients are
especially
susceptible to
pseudo
membranous
colitis.
Patient’s Initials: A.M.
Age: 48 years old
Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR
Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
Vitamin B
Complex
Brand Name:
Surbex
Classification:
Vitamins and
Minerals
Prescribed
Dosage:
1 tab x TID
Route:
Oral
Indication
Vitamin B
complex is
indicated in
following
diseases,
manifesting with a
vitamine B
deficiency:
neuritis;
alcohol
toxic, and
post
infectious
Contraindication
Vitamin B
complex should
not be used in
hypersensitivity
to any of the
vitamins,
containing in the
preparation, as
well as in patients
with 2-nd or 3-rd
degree arterial
hypertension.
.
Most Common
Rash
itching or
swelling
(especiall
y of the
face/tong
ue/throat
severe diz
ziness
trouble
breathing
Adverse Effects
peripheral
vascular
thrombosi
s
heart
failure
transient
diarrhea
pulmonar
y edema
itching
transitory
PRE:
Determine
reticulocyte
count, hct, Vit.
B12, iron,
folate levels
before
beginning
therapy.
Obtain a
sensitivity test
history before
administration.
Avoid I.V.
administration
because faster
Form:
Tablet
polyneuriti
s
paresthesi
a
atheroscler
osis
Wernicke’s
encephalo
pathy
vegetative
neurosis
glositis
colitis
hepatitis
chronic
alcohol
abuse
exanthem
a
urticaria.
systemic
elimination will
reduce
effectiveness
of vitamin.
INTRA:
Don’t give
large doses of
vitamin B12
routinely; drug
is lost through
excretion.
Don’t mix
parenteral
preparation in
same syringe
with other
drugs.
POST:
CLIENT/FAMILY
asthenia
anemia
intoxication
s.
Mechanism of
Action
A coenzyme that
stimulate
metabolic
function and is
needed for cell
replication,
hematopoiesis,
and nucleoprotein
and myelin
synthesis
TEACHING
Protect Vit.
B12 from
light. Don’t
refrigerate or
freeze.
Monitor
patient for
hypokalemia
for first 48
hours, as
anemia
correct itself.
Give
potassium
supplements,
as needed.
Patient’s Initials: A.M.
Age: 48 years old
Diagnosis: CHF III 2o Thyrotoxic Heart Disease MR NTG Acute gastritis AF RUR
Drug Features Therapeutics Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
Combivent
Brand Name:
Albuterol
Classification:
Bronchodilator
(respiratory
smooth muscle
relaxant)
Prescribed
Dosage:
1.25mg/3mL
Indication
To relieve
bronchospasm
associated with
acute or chronic
asthma,
bronchitis, or
other reversible
obstructive airway
diseases. Also
used to prevent
exercise-induced
bronchospasm.
Mechanism of
Contraindication
Contraindicated
with
hypersensitivity
to albuterol;
tachyarrhythmias,
tachycardia
caused by
digitalis
intoxication;
generalanesthesi
a with
halogenated
hydrocarbons or
cyclopropane,
Most Common
Restlessn
ess,
Drowsine
ss
Irritability
Weaknes
Sweatin
.
Adverse Effects
Apprehensi
on
anxiety
fear,
CNS
stimulatio
n
Tremor
Hyperkine
sia
Pallor
PRE:
Do
handwashing
to prevent
cross
contamination
Check for the
doctor’s order
Check the for
the age of the
patient
Check for the
gender of the
patient
Provide the
10R for giving
Route:
Oral
Form:
Tablet
Action
Synthetic
sympathomimetic
amine and
moderately
selective beta2-
adrenergic
agonist with
comparatively
long action. Acts
more prominently
on
beta2 receptors
(particularly
smooth muscles
of bronchi, uterus,
and vascular
supply to skeletal
muscles) than on
beta1 (heart)
receptors.
HPN; coronary
insufficiency,
CAD;
Special Concern:
History of CVA;
COPD patients
w/ DHD.
Use cautiously
with DM (large IV
doses can
aggravate
diabetes &
ketoacidosis);
hyperthyroidism
History of seizure
disorders.
flushing
Heartburn
unusual
or bad
taste in
mouth
Increased
incidence
of leiomyo
mas of
uterus
when
given in
higher
than
human
doses in
preclinical
studies.
Respirator
medication
Identify
patients name
Assess
patients
condition
Ask for any
drug allergy
Assess lung
sounds, pulse,
& BP before
administration
& during peak
of medication.
Note amount,
color, &
character of
sputum
produced.
Monitor
pulmonary
function tests
Minimal or no
effect on alpha-
adrenergic
receptors. Inhibits
histamine release
by mast cells.
y
difficulties
Pulmonar
y edema
Cough
Bronchos
pasm
Paradoxic
al airway
resistance
with
repeated
Excessive
use of
inhalation
preparatio
ns
Vertigo
before
initiating
therapy &
periodically
throughout
course to
determine
effectiveness
of medication.
INTRA:
Observe for
paradoxical
bronchospas
m(wheezing).
If condition
occurs, with
hold
medication
and notify
physician or
other health
Headache
Nervousne
ss
Convulsio
n
Hallucinati
on
Insomnia
care
professional
immediately.
Instruct
mother to take
missed dose as
soon as
remembered
spacing
remaining doses
at regular
intervals. Do
not double
doses or
increase the
frequency of
doses.
POST:
CLIENT/FAMILY
TEACHING
Inform the
mother not to
smoke near
the child & to
avoid
respiratory
irritants.
Advise the
mother to
rinse the
child’s mouth
with water
after each
inhalation
dose to
minimize dry
mouth.
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