dura pipe presentation
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Drainage DesignThe Edge Manchester
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Agenda
Limitations of the Primary Vented Stack
Design of Soil and Waste Systems
Other Design Criteria
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Soil and Waste System Types
System I - Single stack system with partly filled branch discharge pipes
-Sanitary appliances are connected to partly filled branch discharge pipes are designedwith a filling degree of 0.5 (50%) and are connected to a single discharge stack. Basedon German Swiss Austrian practice
System II - Single discharge stack with small bore discharge branch pipes
-Sanitary appliances are connected to small discharge pipes. The small bore discharge
pipes are designed with a filling degree of 0.7 (70%) and are connected to a singledischarge stack. Based on Scandinavian practice
System III - Single stack system with full bore branch discharge pipes
-Sanitary appliances are connected to full bore discharge pipes. The full bore branchdischarge pipes are designed with a filling degree of 1.0 (100%) and each branchdischarge pipe is separately connected to a single discharge stack. Based on UK
practice
System IV - Separate discharge stack system
-Drainage systems type I,II,III,may also be divided into black water stack serving WCsand urinals and a grey water stack serving other appliances Based on French practice
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There are four main areas of design criteria:-
SIZE - pipes will be large enough to carry anticipateddischarge
AIRTIGHT & WATERTIGHT - foul air must be excludedfrom entering the building. Leakage must be prevented.
GRADIENT - a fall is to be provided on all pipes.
ACCESS - to be provided for:
-Testing
-Maintenance
Design Criteria
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Design Criteria
Sufficient access should be provided to enable all pipework tobe tested and maintained
Access covers, caps etc should be sited to facilitate theinsertion of testing equipment and the use of cleaning equipmentand /or for the removal of blockages
Use of equipment should not be impeded by the structure orother services
Access points should not be located where they will give rise tonuisance or danger if spillage occurs
Fit access above spill level and extend to the face of a duct orfloor level
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Drainage Design Including European Code BS EN
12056Sizing BS EN 12056
1. Using table 2select thetotal number
of appliancesrunning in tothe stack
2. Add up thedishcargeunits DU for
theseappliances
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Sizing
3. Select thefrequency factor
for the use of the
appliances using
table 3.
4. Work out the waste
water flow rate Qww
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Sizing
5. Use the Qww (litres per second)to size the pipe using table 11.
We use swept entry fittings inthe UK but there is also acolumn for sizing square entry.
Table 12 is used if the soil andwaste system is to besecondary vented
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Sizing Example
Congested eg. Football Stadium
50 number 6 litre WCs = 50x 1.7 = 85
100 number WHBs =100x 0.3 =30
Total Discharge Units = 115
The square root of 115 = 10.7
Frequency factor = 1.0
10.7 x 1.0 = 10.7
ThereforeTherefore a 150 mm stack is requireda 150 mm stack is required
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Limitations of the Primary Vented Stack (PVS)
Design Guidelines for Branch Pipes (PVS)
Table 2 of the UK Building Regulation H shows clearly the diameters andlengths allowed for branch pipes in an primary vented system
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Limitations of the Primary Vented Stack (PVS)
Siphoning Traps
Self Siphonage Branch pipe fills up
causing an area of negative pressure to be leftbehind in the pipe. This negative pressure actson the trap once the basin has run emptycausing the trap level to fall.
Induced Siphonage Caused when twoappliances are connected to the same branchpipe (typically bath and basin). The branch pipeconnected to the stack fills up and the waterflowing from the bath past the basin t sets up aventuri which causes negative pressure in thebasin pipe acting on the basin trap.
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Limitations of the Primary Vented Stack (PVS)
Solution to Siphoning Traps
Increase the pipe size immediately after the trap
Ensure the pipe length between end appliance and pipe is
less than 1.7m when the slope is less than 1.25 degrees
Use resealing or Anti-vacuum traps
Fit an air admittance valve (this has limitations)
Fully vent the system (the preferred and best solution)
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Limitations of the Primary Vented Stack (PVS)
Rules for Using Air Admittance Valves (AAV)
The head of the drain should always vent to atmosphere
A ratio of 9:1 max should be used
Not suitable over 5 storeys
Will only deal with negative pressure!
Should never be used outside
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Limitations of the Primary Vented Stack (PVS)
Offsets and Base of Stack Bends
Positive pressure is created within a soil and waste system
at offset areas and at base of stack bends.
AP
VS can dissipate this air surcharge in domestic and lightcommercial installations but heavy utilisation of this
installation could cause the traps to be blown
For base of stack bends strict rules govern the diameter of
the bend and connection distances from the bend to the first
appliance.
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Limitations of the Primary Vented Stack (PVS)
Base of Stack Bends
Dimension L
Up to 3 Floors 450mm
Up to 5 Floors 740mm
Above 5 Floors 1 Floor
Minimum radius r = 200mm
At least Double the Pipe Diameter
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Other Design Guidelines
Control of Thermal Movement in Plastic Systems
Plastic systems in general shall expand and contract with a rise and fall in
ambient temperature.
This expansion, although minimal, should be allowed for in a plastic soil andwaste system.
Expansion is usually controlled using an expansion coupling which is
anchored to a floor or wall so that it cannot move. The pipe then expands or
contracts in to this fitting.
As a rule of thumb any pipe over 1 meter long should have an anchor point
and expansion coupling.
Expansion within a building should be fitted at each floor level, outside of the
hot area of the stack and for horizontal runs every 4 meters (for uPVC)
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Review
Looked at the four systems that in theory we can design to in the UK.
Looked at the four relevant design criteria within BS EN 12056 for good soil and
waste drainage design:
-Size
-Access
-Gradient
-Air and Water Tight
Looked at the limitations of system 3 primary vented stack, with discharge
branches allowed to run 100% full.
Looked at how to equalise the positive and negative pressure fluctuations in a
primary vented stack by introducing the concept of secondary venting
Looked at other design criteria such as crossflow and control of thermal movement
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SoundAttenuated
Drainage
System
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What is Friaphon?
Purpose-designed plastic above ground soil & rainwater
stack system with in-built sound attenuating properties
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What is Friaphon?
System Overview
Sizes 110mm & 160mm
Dual layer 5.5mm thick pipe
Thick walled moulded fittings
Rubber lined support & sliding
clips
Jointed with double
couplers/rubber ring joints
BS EN 1329 fittings for waste
pipe connection
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Where is it used?
Anywhere noise is an issue!!
Apartments/MultiStorey Buildings
Hotels
Hospitals
Public Buildings/Libraries
Entertainment Venues
Restaurants
The Edge, Manchester
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Why choose Friaphon?
Complies and exceeds world wide noise reduction standards
Significantly lower installed costs over cast iron, lagged PVC &
HDPE
Lightweight & easily installed by one operative High impact resistance
Temperature & chemical resistant bore
Fire rated B2 , Self extinguishing (DIN 4102)
Traditional rubber ring jointed
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Friaphon - SoundAttenuation
Dual Technology Pipe
Two layers of plastic
inseparably bonded
ABS/ASA/PVC-U inner/PVC-U
mineral reinforced outer
Sound waves reflected along
boundary layers and absorbed
by the pipes mass
Guarantees excellent sound insulation!!
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Friaphon - SoundAttenuation
Fittings
Thick walled fittings achieve a
high sound insulation level
resulting from minor soundvibrations
Long & short cushioning
sections reduce noise from
directional changes
Guarantees excellent sound insulation!!
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Friaphon - SoundAttenuation
Double Coupler
Floating mounting provides
acoustic segregation between
pipe, coupler & pipe preventingtransmission of structure-borne
sound
Integral expansion
compensator
Guarantees excellent sound insulation!!
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Friaphon - SoundAttenuation
Support & Sliding Clips
Friaphon sound proofing,
rubber lined support & sliding
clips reduce the transmissionof structure-borne noise
Guarantees excellent sound insulation!!
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World Wide Sound Proofing Standards - DIN
4109:10
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Friaphon - SoundAttenuation
Source: Fraunhofer Institute for
Construction Physics
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Why choose Friaphon?
Fire resistance
B2, Self extinguishing
Temperature resistance Short periods to 950C
Continuously to 900C
Chemical resistant
Good chemical resistance
Corrosion resistant
Impact resistant
High impact resistance Space saving
No need for lagging
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Major UK Projects
276 Apartments, The Edge,
Manchester
258 Apartments, The NV Building,
Manchester Beetham Tower, Liverpool
Carden Hall, Cheshire
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich
Barnet General Hospital
Coventry University Library
Cowley Manor Hotel
University College Cork, Art Gallery
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What is Friaphon?
Friaphon is
The sound alternative to
cast iron... The sound alternative to
lagged PVC & HDPE.
Friaphon guarantees excellent sound insulation!!
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Akatherm HDPE DrainageSystem
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Akatherm HDPE drainage
Above and below ground soil & wasteand rainwater system
Sizes
75mm-315mm
Tempered Pipe
5m lengths
Spigot fittings
Expansion/Access
Electrofusion couplers
Universal electrofusion control box
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Akatherm HDPE drainage
Suitable for
Apartments
Hotels
Schools
Hospitals
Offices
Industrial
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Properties and benefits of HDPE
Impact resistant
Elastic suitable for burying in concrete
Smooth internal wall
Weather resistant UV resistant
Non toxic environmentally friendly
Prefabrication
Lightweight
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Jointing Techniques
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Electrofusion
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Electrofusion 75-315 mm
Universal welding unit
Colour coded cables
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Buttwelding
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Akatherm References
Beetham Tower, Manchester
River Place Apartments,Liverpool
Royal Mills, Manchester
Green Quarter, Manchester
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Summary
Impact resistant material Damage resistant/Low repair costs
Easy electrofusion welding
No leaks/No problems Wide range of sizes 75-315mm
For above & below ground application
Lower installed cost vs. cast iron
50% installed cost savings!
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