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Ecologia Urbana

Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

Public Charging Infrastructureas a servicefor sustainable mobility

CIVITAS Workshop

Rotterdam

17 June 2016

PhD Àngel López Rodríguez

eMobility Program Manager

Barcelona City Council

Ecologia Urbana

Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

Urban Mobility

Urban mobility is a complex issue that directly affects all citizens

“Urban mobility systems are composed of multiple elements with strong interactions. Thus, use adaptation over prediction, regulate interactions to avoid friction, use sensors to recover real time information, develop adaptive algorithms to exploit that information, and deploy agents to act on the urban environment” (Carlos Gershenson)

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

"The air pollution produced by mobility causes more deaths than traffic accidents" (WHO 2014)

Challenges due to Urban Mobility

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

Vehicles with new electric powertrains will not solve Urban Mobility, as they only reduce some unwanted side effects of dirty technologies

EV’s not THE Solution

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“If you plan cities for cars and traffic, you get cars and traffic.If you plan for people and places, you get people and places. (Fred Kent)”

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

The SUMPs

A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan fosters a balanced development of all relevant transport modes, while encouraging a shift towards more sustainable modes.

The plan puts forward an integrated set of technical, infrastructure, policy-based, and soft measures to improve performance and cost-effectiveness with regard to the declared goal and specific objectives. (EC 2013)

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

SUMPs need EV

A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan fosters a balanced development of all relevant transport modes, while encouraging a shift towards more sustainable modes.

The plan puts forward an integrated set of technical, infrastructure, policy-based, and soft measures to improve performance and cost-effectiveness with regard to the declared goal and specific objectives. (EC 2013)

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Award for the best technology available

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV could break SUMP rules?

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when they are parked, ICE vehicles are also zero emissions, why discriminate?

i.e. free parking in public spaces or allowing bus lane use for private EV are not sustainable policies.

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV could break SUMP rules? NO

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The electric vehicles promotion should not break the rules, we must adapt the rules temporarily retaining the principles of the SUMP.

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV new Challenges: Charging Infrastructure

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EV technology changes the way that energy is supplied.

All we have heard two tricky promises: •Electricity distribution grid is the most widespread energy network so recharging EV will be done easily anywhere… •Cars are parked 90% of the day so there is always enough time for charging…

… for now, autonomy and charging network remain the key barriers for drivers of an EV

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

SUMPs must incorporate EV

Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan must incorporate EV advantages but also must solve the new challenges.

How to deploy EV charging infrastructure will be crucial to promote EV in a compatible way with other mobility policies.

As in all other transport systems analysis, it is necessary to differentiate types of vehicles and users cases.

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure

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Kinds of charging infrastructure according to needs:

Residential Charge:Charging at home, overnight, private sphere

Opportunity Charge:“Meanwhile” charging, associated to another main activity, at work, leisure, shopping, restaurant, hospital, Park&Ride… private/public activity

Emergency Charge: Battery exceptionally exhausted, needed to get back home or just to enlarge autonomy once (one of the main fears of a novice EVdriver). Public Service. Also RACC Road Assistance.

OnRoute Charge:Long planned trip, charging in route to enlarge autonomy

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. Residential

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EV must charge where it park, rather than the reverse

i.e. “Residential Charging is a major barrier…” NO! Off-Street Residential Parking IS the Challenge

Charging at Home (low power, 15km/h):•your own private garage•loan private garage•granted public garage (*)•paid place on-street (reserved 22h-08h)(*)

(*) public administration involved

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. Residential

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EV Charging Infrastructure. Opportunity

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EV must charge where it park, rather than the reverse.Rules may force agents to install charging points in its facilities. (low-semi 15-50km/h)

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. Emergency

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EV should quick charge when needed.“RemoveFears” for privates, essential for professionals.(Quick/Fast 100-200km/h)

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. Emergency

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EV should quick charge when needed.“RemoveFears” for privates, essential for professionals.(Quick/Fast 100-200km/h) limited to 30’

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. Emergency

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EV should quick charge when needed.One QC at < 6 min

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Criteria: Land Coverage1 QC station/6’20Km/h -> 2Km60Km/h -> 6km

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. Emergency

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EV should quick charge when needed.One QC at < 6 min

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Criteria: Land Coverage1 QC station/6’20Km/h -> 2Km60Km/h -> 6km

Criteria: DemandNumber of stands per station<-> users demand

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EV Charging Infrastructure. Emergency

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EV Charging Infrastructure. Emergency

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EV Charging Infrastructure. PHEV’s hogging

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Plug-in EV could use Opportunity and Emergency Chargers but there is the risk of hogging infrastructure while they aren’t in a critical situation.PHEV and EV without quick charger capabilities will be banned on QC Emergency Chargers

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. eMoto

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EV motorbike should charge when needed. On-street.(30-50 km/h)

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EV Charging Infrastructure. OnRoute

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EV should quick charge when On Route. National Corridors.Essential for professionals and long trips. “electrostation”(Fast/Super 200-300km/30min)

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EV Charging Infrastructure. OnRoute

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EV should quick charge when On Route. National Corridors.

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

EV Charging Infrastructure. OnRoute

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EV should quick charge when On Route. National Corridors.

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

• 26 Residential services in public garages overnight

• 154 Opportunity services in public garages off-street

• 16 Opportunity services for taxis/delivery in public space on-street

• 54+129 Opportunity services for eMoto in public off-street/on-street

• 17 QC Emergency services in public space on-street

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EV Charging Infrastructure. BCN Public Network

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures

• Actual regulation of Spanish electricity market obliges us to have an independentconnection to the grid for each ChargeStation.

• Fixed Cost per connection=80€/kw/year (+ consumption of energy)

• Total OPEX QC (50kw)(2015): 14.000€/charger

• High usage 6-8 charges/day/charger on average

• Costs 5-6€/100km charged (CAPEX excluded) on average

• In the actual context NO bussines model is possible.

CONCLUSION: Investment, management and operational cost of the Public Charging Network must be assumed by the local mobility authority as needed Services to achieve SUMP objectives.

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EV Charging Infrastructure. Bussines Model

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Gerència Adjunta de Mobilitat i Infraestructures