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8/10/2019 EDC MAUALd

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

CYCLE I

1. P.N.JUNCTION DIODE CHARACTERISTICS

2. ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS.

3. HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITH & WITHOUT FILTER.

4. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITH & WITHOUT FILTER

5. COMMON EMITTER TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

CYCLE II

6. COMMON BASE CONFIURATION CHARACTERISTICS.

!. FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

". H#PARAMETERS

$. COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER.

1%. COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIER.

11. FET AMPLIFIER.

CYCLE III

12. VOLTAE SERIES FEED BAC AMPLIFIER.

13. CURRENT SERIES FEED BAC AMPLIFIER

14. TWO STAE RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER.

15. RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR.

16. WEIN BRIDE OSCILLATOR.

1!. COLPITT'S OSCILLATOR.1". HARTLE( OSCILLATOR.

1$. SCR CHARACTERISTICS

2%. STUD( OF CATHODE RA( OSCILLOSCOPE

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

INTRODUCTION

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

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07 %6t-%e -9/+07<:+* *- electr!ns 07 +!les *-)-:/->; +- =-/08 :-=-0- +, --:*+0. T- in!rit- **/-* /0 n6t-%e 07 %6t-%es -9/+07<:+**- +!les 07 electr!ns *-)-:/->.

T- <**-0: /0 -9/+07<:+* / 7<- :+ :+ 7/:/0: )-0+9-0+0

1. Dri$t current; -*- **/-* 7*/,: /0 0 --:*/ ,/-7 G:/ +07<:/+0<**-0:

I + /=- /0 9-:#2. Di$$usi!n current5 -*- **/-* 7/,,<- /, +0-0:*:/+0 8*7/-0:-?/: G )-0+9-0+0 / 7+- 0+: -?/: /0 9-:.

T- +99+0> /=- -9/+07<:+* 9:-*/ *- Silic!n 077eraniu 07 :- 7/,,-*-0- =-:--0 :-- :+ *- 8/-0 =-+.

Silic!n:1. /8 PIV *:/08 G<):+ 1%%%V2. /8-* <**-0: *:/083. /7-* :-9)-*:<*- *08- G<):+ 2%%% C

7eraniu: 1. L+-* PIV *:/08 G<) :+ 4%%V 2. L+-* <**-0: *:/08

3. L+-* :-9)-*:<*- *08- G1%%%C

T- 70:8- +, -*90/<9 +-* S//+0 / :- +-* ,+**7 =/ +:8- *-</*-7:+ *- :- *-8/+0 +, <)*7 /08; %.3V ,+* -*90/<9 07 %.!V ,+* S//+0.O0 :- +:-* 07; :- *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: ,+* //+0 / - :0 :: +, 8-*90/<9; I GS/ I G- 1 1%3

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

W/ 9- /: 70:8-+< :+ <- S//+0 7/+7- : /8-* :-9)-*:<*-

E*%erient N!: &

P6N 8UNCTION DIODE C"ARACTERISTICS

AI. &, T! )+: :- V#I *:-*/:/ +, :- 8/-0 -9/+07<:+*D/+7-; =+: ,+* F+**7 07 *--*- =/

2. T+ ,/07 +<: :- <:#/0 +:8-.3. T+ <:- :- 7>09/ ,+**7 07 ::/ *-/:0- +, :- P#N

7/+7-.

APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> %#3%V 1N+.2. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.

%#3%V 1 N+.3. A99-:-* %#1%9A 1 N+.

%#5%%µ A 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:1. S-9/+07<:+* 7/+7- 1N4%%! 1N+.2. R-/:+* 4!%Ω; 1 Ω 1N+

P 6N 8UNCTION DIODE:I, 7+0+* /9)<*/:/- *- /0:*+7<-7 /0:+ +0- /7- 07 -):+* /0:+ :- +:-*

/7- +, /08- *>: +, -9/+07<:+*; )#0 @<0:/+0 / ,+*9-7.

J<0:/+0 A-):+* /+0 D+0+* /+0

H+- E-:*+0

P#:>)- 0#:>)-P N JUNCTION DIODE

D-)-:/+0 *-8/+0T- *-8/+0 <0+-*-7 => - 07 - /+0 / -7 :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0; :-

)- *8- *-8/+0 +* :- :*0/:/+0 *-8/+0. T- :/0- +, :- *-8/+0 / :- +*7-* +, :- --08: +, :- //=- /8: G%.%5 9/*+0. W-0 )#0 @<0:/+0 / ,+*9-7; :-

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NP

V

+ - V

+ -

PN JUNCTION DIODE UNDER FORWARD BIAS

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

+0-0:*:/+0 +, :- +- /0 ) /7- / 9< 8*-:-* :0 :: /0 :- 0#/7- -*>*8- +-#7/,,</+0 <**-0: :-07 :+ ,+ *+ :- @<0:/+0 ,*+9 :- ) :+ 0 9:-*/.H-0- 0 --:*/ ,/-7 9<: =</7<) *+ :- @<0:/+0 /0 < 7/*-:/+0 :: :-+- 7*/,: <**-0: / :-07 :+ ,+ *+ :- @<0:/+0 ,*+9 0 :+ ) /7- /0 +*7-* :++<0:-* =0- :- 7/,,</+0 <**-0:. T/ -<//=*/<9 +07/:/+0 +, -*+ *-<:0:+- <**-0: *-<: : )+:-0:/ =**/-* V +. T- 0<9-*/ <- ,+* V+ / +, :- +*7-* +, 980/:<7- +, ,- :-0: +, V+:.

T- )#0 @<0:/+0 0 =- +)-*:-7 /0 :+ *-8/+01 F+**7 =/ 2 R--*- =/

/!r#ard )ias: W-0 P+/:/- :-*9/0 +, :- =::-*> / +00-:-7 :+ :- P#:>)- 07 N-8:/-:-*9/0 +, :- N#:>)- +, :- PN @<0:/+0 7/+7-; :- =/ ))/-7 / F+**7 =/ +0 =-+.

I0 ,+**7 =/ :- -/8: +, :- )+:-0:/ =**/-* : :- @<0:/+0 / =- +-*-7 =>:- ))/-7 ,+**7 +:8- VF. T- +- *+ :- @<0:/+0 ,*+9 ) /0 :+ :- 0 :>)-*-8/+0 07 =-+9- 9/0+*/:> <**-0: /0 :- P /7-. S/9/*> :- --:*+0 *+ :-

@<0:/+0 /0 *--*- 7/*-:/+0 07 =-+9- :- 9/0+*/:> **/-* /0 ) /7-. H+-:*-/08 ,*+9 -,: :+ */8: +0:/:<:- <**-0: /0 :- 9- 7/*-:/+0 :- --:*+09+/08 ,*+9 */8: :+ -,:. H-0- :- *-<:0: <**-0: *+/08 :- @<0:/+0 / :- <9+, :- +- 07 --:*+0 9/0+*/:> <**-0:.

VF F+**7 =/ V+:8- G9-<*-7 /0 V IF F+**7 B/ C<**-0: G9-<*-7 /0 9A ,+* VI *:-*/:/ W-0 VFVO GP+:-0:/ =**/-* IF / 9+: Z-*+.

W-0 VFYVO :- +- 9+- ,*+9 P#:>)- 07 --:*+0 C*+ :- @<0:/+0. T-*- / <77-0 /0*-- /0 :- C<**-0: : P*:/<* V+:8- GV V / -7 C<: /0 V+:8- +* T*-+7V+:8:- +* 0-- V+:8- M+*- C<**-0: / ,+ /0 7/+7- /0 - +, F+**7 =/.

Reverse )ias: A *--*- =/ +* +,, +07/:/+0 / -:=/-7 => ))>/08 :- - )+:-0:/ :+

)#:>)- 9:-*/ 07 - )+:-0:/ :+ 0#:>)- 9:-*/ +0 /0 :- ,/8<*- =-+I0 :- *--*- =/ =+: :- +- )#:>)- 07 :- --:*+0 /0 0#:>)- / 9+-

> ,*+9 :- @<0:/+0. T- -/8: +, :- )+:-0:/ =**/-* /0*--. T/ /0*-- /0:- =**/-* -*- :+ *-7<- :- ,+ +, 9@+*/:> **/-*. H-0- -*+ <**-0: *-<:.H+--* :- 9/0+*/:> **/-* *- <0/0,<-0-7 => :- /0*-- /0 -/8: +, :-

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NP

V

- + V

- +

PN JUNCTION DIODE UNDER REVERSE BIAS

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

=**/-*. S+ 9 <**-0: / ,+ 7<- :+ :-- 9/0+*/:> **/-* 07 / -7 :-*--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0:.

VRR--*- =/ +:8- G9-<*-7 /0 V IR R--*- =/ <**-0: G9-<*- /0 A• T- <**-0: ,+ /0 *--*- 7/*-:/+0. D<- :+ 9/0+*/:> **/-*;

:-*- / 9 <**-0: /0 :- *--*- 7/*-:/+0 07 / -7 *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: GI+.

• I+ 7-)-07 <)+0 :-9)-*:<*-. I #IO : *++9:-9)-*:<*-

V!lt6a%ere c+aracteristics:

1A3

I GA

T- *:-*/:/ +, :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7- 0 =- 7-,/0-7 => :- ,++/08-<:/+0 ,+* ,+**7 07 *--*- =/ *-8/+0.

I IO G- V [V

T 1

W-*- V ))/-7 )+:-0:/;I 7/+7- <**-0:IO *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: +* - <**-0: / / ,<0:/+0 +,

7+0+* 07 -):+* /9)<*/:> +0-0:*:/+0; 7/+7- :-9)-*:<*- 07 *- +, :- @<0:/+0 -:.;

[ -9//+0 +#-,,//-0: G-9)/*/ +0:0:. T/ -9)/*/ +0:0:+<0: ,+* 0> *-+9=/0:/+0 +, +- 07 --:*+0; / 9> +<* -0 :-**/-* 7/,,<- *+ :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0 +, :- ,+**7 =/-7 )#0 @<0:/+0.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 15

Ge Si

Cut-in-Voltage V

VZ

I

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T- <- +, [ /- /0 :- *08- +, 1 :+ 2 07 7-)-07/08 <)+0 :-1. S/- +, :- 7/+7-2. T- -9/+07<:+* <-7 :+ 9- /:.3. T- 980/:<7- +, :- ,+**7 <**-0:.4. T- <- +, I.5.

I0 8-0-* :- [ <- ,+* //+0 / 2 07 ,+* 8-*90/<9 / 1

VT V+: -</-0: :-9)-*:<*- T\K B+:900 +0:0: 1.3" ] 1% 23 @ % T T-9)-*:<*- /0 %\ *8- 1.6%3 ] 1% 1$ +<+9=.

I, V / )+/:/-; I / ,+/08 ,*+9 ) :+ 0 /7- 07 :- 7/+7- / /0 :- ,+**7=/. W-0 :- 7/+7- / *--*-#=/-7 07 V / --* :/9- +, VT ; ID ≈ # I+. T-*--*- <**-0: / :-*-,+*- +0:0: /07-)-07-0: +, ))/-7 *--*- =/.

A: *--*- =//08 +:8- VR; *8- *--*- <**-0: ,+ 07 :- 7/+7- //7 :+ =- /0 =*- 7+0 *-8/+0.

Cut6in v!ltage 1!$$set5 )rea9 %!int !r t+res+!ld v!ltage3 1V 3:

T- <:#/0 +:8- / 7-,/0-7 :- +:8- *+ :- 7/+7- =-+ / :-<**-0: / -*> 9 G> - :0 1K 9? *:-7 <-; 07 =->+07 Vγ :- <**-0:*/- -*> *)/7>.

T+e te%erature de%endence !$ t+e V6I c+aracteristics

T- *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: I+ 7+<=- ,+* --*> 1%^C */- /0 :-9)-*:<*-.I, IO IO1 : T T1 :-0 : :-9)-*:<*- T; I+ / 8/-0 => I+ GT I O1 ] 2GT#T11%. T-7/+7- +:8- 7-*-- /: :- :-9)-*:<*- 07 / 8/-0 7 7: #2.59 %C

D>09/ *-/:0- ≈ [ VT I

Di!de e0uivalent circuits:

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 16

Vγ A

B

A

B

! "or#ard resistance

$In t%e order o! &''()

Diode

A

B

r "or#ard resistance

$In t%e order o! *()

"or#ard ias everse ias

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

PROCEDURE/ORARD BIAS:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8 12. V*> :- <))> +:8- 8*7<>; :*:/08 ,*+9 -*+. I0*-- :- ))/-7

+:8- 07 0+:- :- +:9-:-* *-7/08GV3. F+* - %.1 V :-) /0 V 0+:- :- +**-)+07/08 ,+**7 <**-0: GI :/ V

=-+9- > %.! V. I +<7 0+: -?--7 1%9A.4. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- V#I *:-*/:/ <07-* ,+**7 =/

+07/:/+0.

REVERSE BIAS:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8G22. M-<*- :- <**-0: G*--*- <**-0: 07 +:8- => /0*-/08 :- +:8-

1V :-). D+ <) :+ 2%V.3. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 )+: :-

*--*- =/ *:-*/:/.4. H-*- :- *--*- <**-0: / =- /0

9/*+ 9)-*-.5. T- *-/)*+ +, :- +)- +, :--

<*- ,+* =+: :- +07/:/+0 8/- :-*-/:0- ,+* ,+**7 07 *--*- =/+07/:/+0.

OBSERVATIONS:

/!r#ard )iasReverse )ias

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 17

S.N+ VG+: I G_A

123456!"$1%

123456!"$1%

%%%%%%%%%%

S.N+ VG+: I G9A123456!"$1%11

%%.1%.2%.3%.4%.5%.55%.6%.62%.64%.66

%%.25%.4%.5%.6511.!46.1".512.5

4!%`

%#3%V V

+

%#1V

A+

%#1%9A4!%`

%#3%V V

+

%#3%V

A+

%#5%%<A

1N4%%! 1N4%%!

F/8#1FORWARD BIAS

F/8 #2REVERSE BIAS

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∆Ir

∆Vr

I µA

∆ I!

∆V!

I

V

I $,A)

V $volts)

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

.ODEL 7RAP"S

V G+:

F+**7 =/ *:-*/:/ R--*- =/*:-*/:/

CONCLUSION:

T- /7- *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / %`P*:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / 2%` / / -*> +T- /7- *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 *--*- =/ / a.P*:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 *--*- =/ / 2".26%` / / -*>/8E0ui%ent Liitati!n:

;<=>: T+ /9/: :- ,+ +, <**-0: /0 :- /*</: 07 )*+:-: :- 7/+7-.E-0 :+<8 - 0 <- =+- 4!% > *-/:0- =<: :- +:8- 7*+) *+*-/:-* / =- 9+*- 07 /: *-</*- 9+*- )+-* <))>; =-<- +, -</)9-0:/9/::/+0 - *- </08 4!% >,

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

V!lteter 1=6&3 V: :- 9/0/9<9 +:8- *-</*-7 ,+* :- 7/+7- :+ :*: +07<:/+0/ %.6. S+ :- +:9-:-* *08- G%#1 V / <,,//-0:.Aeter 1=6&=3 9A :- 9?/9<9 )=//:> +, :- 99-:-* / G%#1%% 9A.B-<- +, -</)9-0: /9/::/+0 - *- </08 G%#1% 9A.E?-*/- 08- :- *-/:0- :+ 1b /0 :- ,+**7 =/ 07 0+:- :- 7/,,-*-0-.

RESULTS:1. C<:#/0 +:8- S/ # %.6; - # %.22. D>09/ ,+**7 *-/:0- ∆V, ∆I, 2%`3. S::/ ,+**7 *-/:0- VI 11".6`4. D>09/ *--*- *-/:0- ∆V* ∆I* 2".26%`

?UESTIONS:

1. D* :- )/-- /- /0-* V#I *:-*/:/ +, )#0 7/+7-; : / :- /*</:

9+7- ,+* ON ::- 07 OFF ::-2. W: / H+- H+ 7+- /: +0:*/=<:- :+ +07<:/+03. D-,/0- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+04. H+ 7/+7- : /:5. W: )*9-:-* /0 8-*90/<9 7/+7- 7/,,-* ,*+9 :+- /0 //+0

D/+7-

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

E*%erient N!: '

@ENER DIODE C"ARACTERISTICS

AIM 1. T+ )+: :- V#I *:-*/:/ +, :- 8/-0 Z-0-* 7/+7-; =+: ,+*F+**7 07 *--*- =/.

2. T+ :<7> :- )-*,+*90- +, Z-0-* 7/+7- +:8- *-8<:+*.

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> %#3%V 1 N+.2. A99-:-* %#1%9A 1 N+.

%#1%%9A 1 N+.3. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.

%#1%V 1 N+.CO.PONENTS:

1. Z-0-* 7/+7- BZ 6.2 V 1N+.2. R-/:+* 4!%Ω; 1Ω 1N+.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.S:

T"EORY: T- 7/+7- / / 7-/80-7 /: 7-<:- )+-* 7//):/+0 )=//:/-:+ +)-*:- /0 :- =*-7+0 *-8/+0 / Z-*+ 7/+7-.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 20

4!%`

%#3%VV

+

%#1V

A+

%#1%9A4!%`

%#3%VV

+

%#1%V

A+

%#1%%9A

6Z2 6Z2

F/8 1/ORARD BIAS

F/8 # 2REVERSE BIAS

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

V6I c+aracteristics:I0 ,+**7 =/; :- <**-0: / /0*-- ,*+9 Z-*+ 07 : -*:/0 V+:8- GV

:- <**-0: ::- /0*-- 9+*-. T/ / -7 0-- V+:8-.VF F+**7 V+:8- G9-<*-7 /0 9AIF F+**7 C<**-0: G9-<*-7 /0 9A

I0 *--*- =/ : )*:/<* +:8- :- <**-0: / *-9/0 +0:0:. T:+:8- / -7 B*-7+0 +:8-. B*- 7+0 +:8- 7-)-07 +0 9+<0: +, 7+)/08.

VR R--*- V+:8- G9-<*-7 /0 V+:IR R--*- C<**-0: G9-<*-7 /0 9A.

T- +:/+0 +, :- Z-0-* *-8/+0 0 =- +0:*+-7 => *>/08 :- 7+)/08--. A0 /0*-- /0 :- 7+)/08 )*+7<- 0 /0*-- /0 :- 0<9=-* +, 77-7/9)<*/:/-. F<*:-*; :/ / 7-*-- :- Z-0-* )+:-0:/. Z-0-* 7/+7- *- /=-/0 :- Z-0-* )+:-0:/ *08- +, 1." V :+ 2%%V /: )+-* *:/08 ,*+9 c :+ 5%W.S//+0 / <<> )*-,-**-7 /0 :- 90<,:<*/08 +, Z-0-* 7/+7- =-<- +, /:/8-* :-9)-*:<*- 07 <**-0: 07/08 )=//:/-. T- -</-0: /*</: +, :-Z-0-* 7/+7- /0 :- Z-0-* *-8/+0 / 8/-0 =-+.

V

V R

C+9)-:- A))*+?/9:-7

T+ )*+-- / )*+7<- :- =*-7+0 *-8/+0 *- A0-9<:/)/:/+0 07 Z-0-* =*-7+0 / *- -?)/0-7 =-+.

Avalanc+e )rea9d!#n:T- :-*9> 8-0-*:-7 --:*+0 07 +- </*- <,,//-0: -0-*8> ,*+9

:- ))/-7 )+:-0:/ :+ )*+7<- 0- **/-* => *-9+/08 :- 0- --:*+0 ,*+9:-/* =+07. T-- 0- **/-* /0 :<*0 )*+7<- 77/:/+0 **/-* 8/0 :*+<8 :-)*+- +, 7/*<):/08 =+07. T/ <9<:/- )*+- / *-,-**-7 0-=*-7+0. A0- 9<:/)/:/+0 /0+- -0 :- *-,-*-0- +:8- / =+-6V. T- :-9)-*:<*- +#-,,//-0: / )+/:/- GK 08- /0 *-,-*-0- +:8- )-*

-0:/8*7- 7-8*-- 08- /0 7/+7- :-9)-*:<*- A @<0:/+0 /: =*+7 7-)-:/+0 >-*; 07 :-*-,+*- + ,/-7 /0:-0/:> /

=*- 7+0 => :- 0- 9-0/9.

@ener )rea9d!#n:

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T/ )*+- /0/:/:- =*-7+0 :*+<8 7/*-: *<):<*- +, :- =+07=-<- +, :- -?/:-0- +, :*+08 --:*/ ,/-7. Z-0-* =*-7+0 /0+- -0:- *-,-*-0- +:8- / =-+ 6V. T- :-9)-*:<*- +#-,,//-0: / 0-8:/-.

A @<0:/+0 /08 0**+ 7-)-:/+0 >-* /7: 07 /8 ,/-7 /0:-0/:> /=*-7+0 => :- Z-0-* 9-0/9.

T- 0-:+* -9)+>/08 Z-0-* 7/+7- 0 =- 0>-7 => *-)/08 :-Z-0-* 7/+7- -</-0: /*</: G+0 07 +,, ::-

PROCEDURE:

/ORARD BIAS:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 ,/8G12. V*> :- <))> +:8- 8*7<>; :*:/08 ,*+9 -*+. I0*-- :- <))>

+:8- 07 0+:- :- +:9-:-* *-7/08 GV ,+* - %.1V :-) /0 V; 0+:- :-+**-)+07/08 ,+**7 <**-0: GI :/ V =-+9- > %.! V. I +<7 0+:-?--7 1%9A.

3. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- V#I *:-*/:/ <07-* ,+**7 =/+07/:/+0.

REVERSE BIAS:1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 ,/8G22. I0*-- :- <))> +:8- </:=>; :+ *-7 I /0 :-) +, 59A; :*:/08 ,*+9

-*+ <):+ > 4%9A; 0+:- :- +**-)+07/08 <- +, V.3. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- V#I *:-*/:/ <07-* *--*- =/

+07/:/+0.

OBSERVATIONS:/!r#ard )ias Reverse )ias

S.N+ VG+: I G9A%.1

%.2%.3%.4%.5%.6%.64%.66

%.%$

%.2%%.2$%.41%.51%."!1.6!2.62

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 22

VVV

ZVZ

.N stateV0VZ

."" stateVZ 0V0'V

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V $volts)

I $,A)

∆ I!

∆V!

I

V

I $,A)

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

%.6"%.!%.!2

2.$24.!$$.$2

.ODEL 7RAP"S

V G+:

F+**7 =/ *:-*/:/ R--*- =/ *:-*/:/

CONCLUSION:T- /7- *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / %>.P*:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,+**7 =/ / $.6` / / -*> 9T- 8/-0 =*- 7+0 +:8- +, :- -0-* 7/+7- / 5.1VT- )*:/ =*- 7+0 +:8- +, :- -0-* 7/+7- / 5.1V

E0ui%ent Liitati!n:

;<=>: T+ /9/: :- ,+ +, <**-0: /0 :- /*</: 07 )*+:-: :- 7/+7-.E-0 :+<8 - 0 <- =+- 4!% > *-/:0- =<: :- +:8- 7*+) *+*-/:-* / =- 9+*- 07 /: *-</*- 9+*- )+-* <))>; =-<- +, -</)9-0:/9/::/+0 - *- </08 4!% >,V!lteter 1=6&3 V: :- 9/0/9<9 +:8- *-</*-7 ,+* :- 7/+7- :+ :*: +07<:/+0/ %.6. + :- +:9-:-* *08- G%#1 / <,,//-0:.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 23

S.N+ VG+: I G9A%12344.24.64."4.$5.%5.15.15.15.15.1

%%.25%.2!%.511.162.551%152%253%354%

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

Aeter 1=6&=9A :- 9?/9<9 )=//:> +, :- 99-:-* / G%#1%%9A =-<-+, -</)9-0: /9/::/+0 - *- </08 G%#1%9AE?-*/- 08- :- *-/:0- :+ 1b /0 :- ,+**7 =/ 07 0+:- :- 7/,,-*-0-

RESULT:

B*- 7+0 +:8- 5.1VD>09/ ,+**7 *-/:0- $.6`

?UESTIONS:

1. H+ 7+- :- 0- =*-7+0 7/,,-* ,*+9 Z-0-* =*-7+02. W: *- :- ))/:/+0 +, Z-0-* 7/+7-3. W: / :=//-*4. F+* :- *-,-*-0- +:8-; / / =+- 6V; : / :- :-9)-*:<*-

C+-,,//-0:

E*%erient N!: (

"AL/ AVE RECTI/IERIT"OUT IT" /ILTERS

AI.: T+ :<7> :- , - *-:/,/-* /*</: /:+<: 07 /: ,/:-*.

APPARATUS:

1. A99-:-* %#1%%9A 1N+.2. D/8/: 9<:/#9-:-* 1N+.3. D-7- *-/:0- =+? 1N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. D/+7- 1N4%%! 2 N+.2. T*0,+*9-* 23%V 16#%#16 V; %.5A; 1N+.3. C)/:+* 1%%%F 63V 2 N+.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 24

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= π 'πωt

= π 'π ωt

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T"EORY:

Recti$ier: A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +, +0-*:/08

/0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8- +9)+0-0: / -7 *-:/,/-*.

A 9+: --:*+0/ /*</: *-</*- DC +<*- +, )+-*. F+* )+*:=- +#)+-* >:-9 =::-*/- 9> =- <-7. M+*- ,*-<-0:>; +--* --:*+0/-</)9-0: / -0-*8/-7 => )+-* <))>; /*</: / +0-*: :- AC -,+*9+, :- )+-* /0- :+ 7/*-: +:8- +, +0:0: 9)/:<7-.

T- =+ 7/8*9 +, 7 <))> / +0 =-+.

T- ,<0:/+0 +, :- */+< /*</: *- /:-71. Trans$!rer 7@<: :- -- < :: :- ))*+?/9:- 7 9)/:<7- /

/--72. Recti$ier A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +,

+0-*:/08 /0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0 G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8-

+9)+0-0:.3. /ilter S9++:- :- -,+*9 => -/9/0:/08 :- +9)+0-0: ,*+9 :-

*-:/,/-* +<:)<:4. Regulat!r M/0:/0 +0:0: +:8- -- /07-)-07-0: +, +7 +07/:/+0

+* */:/+0 /0 :- 9)/:<7- +, :- <))>.T- =/ /*</: ,+* , - *-:/,/-* / +0 =-+.

L-: V/ V9S/0ω:V9 / :- )- <-.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 25

1rans!or,er ecti!ier "ilter egulator

AC Input 1o load

&N;==<

RL

AC Input

V

i

V 6

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T- +7 <**-0: / 8/-0 =>/ I9/0 ω: /, %ω: Q/ % /, Qω: 2QI9 V9 GR, RL

D<*/08 :- /0:-*; ω: % Q; :- V/ / )+/:/- 07 :- 7/+7- / =- ,+**7=/-7 07 :- -</-0: /*</: / +0 =-+ G:- 7/+7- / *-)-7 => ,+**7*-/:0- R,

/ V/ GR, RL V9 /0ω: GR, RL

GV9 GR, RL /0ω:F+* :- /0:-* ω: d →2 d; :- V/ / 0-8:/- 07 :- 7/+7- =-+9- *--*-=/-7. T- -</-0: /*</: / +0 =-+. GT- 7/+7- / *-)-7 => +)-0/*</:.

T< :- +<:)<: <**-0: / <0/7/*-:/+0 07 /: / - 0+0#-*+ -*8- <-.I: -*8- <- *- +, +0- >- 7//7-7 => :- =-

∫ =π

α

π

2

'2

&id I dc eB-<- α f:; =- 2Q; *- +, +0- >- ∫

π

α

2

'

id g

I7

+∫ ∫

π π

π

α α α π

'

2

'sinI,2

&d d

I7 [ ]π α

π 'cos

2−m I

π

m I

T- 7 +<:)<: +:8- /V7 I7.RL

π

Lm R I

I*9

∫ π

α π

2

'

2

2

&d i

∫ α α

π

π

d im'

22sin

2

& I9 2

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 26

Vi

V 6

R$

RL

6

i

Vi

V 6

RL

6

i

i=0

v=vi

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T- ,++/08 -,+*9 7-*/=- :- -,,-: +, :- )/:+* +0 :- /*</:*-)+0-.

L-: :- )/:+* / /0/:/> *8-7 7<*/08 :- ,/*: <*:-* >- :- 7/+7-+07<: 07 :- )/:+* *8- /: /0)<: +:8- <) :+ V+ V9 . W-0 / / ,=-+ V9 :- 7/+7- / 0+: +07<:/08 :- )/:+* 7/*8- : +-* *:- :0/0)<: +:8-. I, :- :/9- +0:0: RLC / *8- +9)*-7 )-*/+7 +, /0)<:-,+*9 :- 7/*8- / +. T< +0> 9 7-*-- /0 V O +<* =-:--0 :1

07 :2. A: :/9- : :2; :- / -< :- )/:+* +:8-. T- 7/+7- 8/0 +07<:=-:--0 :2 07 :3 7+- 0+: +07<: =-:--0 :3 07 :4. T- )*+- / *-)-:-7.

Ri%%le $act!r:

T- ,/:-*-7 +<:)<: DC <- 07 +9- */:/+0 GR/))-. T--9-* :- */:/+0 /: *-)-: :+ :- DC -- :- =-::-* :- ,/:-* /*</:+)-*:/+0. T- ,/:-* +:8- -,+*9 /: DC 07 */))- +:8- / +0 =-+.

R/))- ,:+*G* R9 <- +, +9)+0-0: +, /80 × 1%%K V* GR9 ×1%%K

A-*8- <- +, /80 V7

V!ltage regulati!n:

T- */:/+0 +, 7 +<:)<: ,<0:/+0 +, 7 +7 <**-0: / -7 *-8<:/+0.T- )-*-0:8- *-8<:/+0 / 8/-0

K *-8<:/+0 V 0+ +7 V +7 × 1%%KV +7

V 0+ +7 → 7 +<:)<: +:8- <07-* -*+ +7 <**-0: GRL ∞V +7 → 7 +<:)<: +:8- : 0+*9 +7 <**-0: : / *-8<:/+0 /

7-:-*9/0-7.F+* /7- )+-* <))> :- +<:)<: +:8- / /07-)-07-0: +, :- +7 <**-0: +* :-+7 *-/:0- 07 :- )-*-0:8- *-8<:/+0 / -*+

"AL/ AVE RECTI/IER IT"OUT /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 28

1N4%%!

V+

DMM

A+

%#1%%9A

DRB

A C , a i n s

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

PROCEDURE:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9.2. /- /0)<: ,*+9 AC 9/0 07 9-<*- :- -+07*> +:8- V +, :-

:*0,+*9-*.3. M-<*- :- 0+ +7 DC +:8- </08 DMM. L-: :/ =- VNL.4. N+ +00-: :- DRB. V*> :- DRB 07 0+:- :- <- +, IDC; /0 :-) +,

1%9A <0:/ :- <**-0: *-- 1%%9A.5. A: - :-) 9-<*- :- VDC 07 V AC. C<:- */))- ,:+* γ :- *:/+ +,

V AC; VDC.

.!del #ave $!r $!r +al$ #ave recti$ier #it+!ut $ilter:

VTie

OBSERVATIONS: VNL!.5V

S.N+ IDC

G9

VDC

GV

V AC

GV

γ V ACVDC K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%%

VDC

1%2%3%4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%

!.2!.1!.%6.$6."6."6."6.!6.66.5

$.2$.1$.%".$"."".""."".!".6".5

1.2!21.2"11.2"31.2"$1.2$41.2$41.2$41.2$"1.3%31.3%!

4.16 5.63 !.14 ".66 1%.2$ 1%.2$ 1%.2$ 11.$4 13.65 15.3"

Veri$- t+e $!ll!#ing t+e!retical calculati!ns:1. E?)-:-7 DC +<:)<: +:8-.2. R/))- ,:+* +, , -.3. O=-*- :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +0 CRO.

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

"AL/ AVE RECTI/IER IT" /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

PROCEDURE:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9.2. /- /0)<: ,*+9 AC 9/0 07 9-<*- :- -+07*> +:8- V +, :-

:*0,+*9-*.3. M-<*- :- 0+ +7 DC +:8- </08 DMM. L-: :/ =- VNL.4. N+ +00-: :- DRB. V*> :- DRB 07 0+:- :- <- +, I 7; /0 :-) +,

1%9A <0:/ :- <**-0: *-- 1%%9A.5. A: - :-) 9-<*- :- VDC 07 V AC. C<:- */))- ,:+* γ :- *:/+ +,

V AC VDC.

.!del #ave $!r $!r +al$ #ave recti$ier #it+ $ilter:

V

T/9- R/))- /0 , - *-:/,/-*

OBSERVATIONS: VNL 21.4

S.N+ IDC VDC V AC

G9

γ V AC VDC

Gh1%#3 K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%% VDC

1%2%3%

1$.!1".$1".6

1$%.21"$.51"".3

$.651%.%21%.12

4.56".$$1%.!5

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 30

N'

N(

&N;==<

&===µ/

(V

DIB

V D..

A+

=6&==A

DRB A C a i n s

&===µ/

(V

+

-

+

-

+

-

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%

1".41!.!1!.216.516.115.515.5

1""1"!.61"!1"!.41"!."1""1"5.5

1%.211%.5$1%."!11.3511.6612.1212.16

11.$516.3"1$.!624."42!.$532.$32.$

P+: :- 8*) +, VDC V IDC; γ V IDC 07 K *-8<:/+0 V IDC

CONCLUSION:

T- :-+*-:/ <- +, */))- ,:+* ,+* , - *-:/,/-* / 1.21 07 :-)*:/ <- +, */))- ,:+* / 1.2$ / / 9+: -<.

F*+9 :- )+: 7*0 = KR-8<:/+0 VS IDC - ,/07 :: :- 8*) / /0-*.RESULT # E?)-*/9-0:> :- -,,//-0> 4%."K GW/:+<: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- R-8<:/+0 %.%6 GW/: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- R-8<:/+0 %.14 R/))- ,:+* 1.21?UESTIONS:

1. H+ :- )/:+* *-7<- :- */))-2. E?)/0 + DC +:8- / ,/0> +=:/0-7; :*:/08 ,*+9 AC /0)<: +:8- :+

:- *-:/,/-* /*</:.3. T- )/:+* *-:/,/-* /*</: + : -0-+)- 7-9+7<:+*; E?)/0

E*%erient N!: ;

/ULL AVE RECTI/IERIT"OUT IT" /ILTERS

AI.: T+ :<7> :- ,< - *-:/,/-* /*</: /:+<: 07 /: ,/:-*.

APPARATUS:

1. A99-:-* %#1%%9A 1N+.2. D/8/: 9<:/#9-:-* 1N+.3. D-7- *-/:0- =+? 1N+.

CO.PONENTS:

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A C , a i n s

D1

D2

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

4. D/+7- 1N4%%! 2 N+.5. T*0,+*9-* 23%V 16#%#16 V; %.5A; 1N+.6. C)/:+* 1%%%F 63V 2 N+.

T"EORY:Recti$ier:

A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +, +0-*:/08 /0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8- +9)+0-0: / -7 *-:/,/-*.

A 9+: --:*+0/ /*</: *-</*- DC +<*- +, )+-*. F+* )+*:=- +#)+-* >:-9 =::-*/- 9> =- <-7. M+*- ,*-<-0:>; +--* --:*+0/-</)9-0: / -0-*8/-7 => )+-* <))>; /*</: / +0-*: :- AC -,+*9+, :- )+-* /0- :+ 7/*-: +:8- +, +0:0: 9)/:<7-.

T- =+ 7/8*9 +, 7 <))> / +0 =-+.

T- ,<0:/+0 +, :- */+< /*</: *- /:-75. Trans$!rer 7@<: :- -- < :: :- ))*+?/9:- 7 9)/:<7- /

/--76. Recti$ier A 7-/-; < :- -9/+07<:+* 7/+7-; / / )=- +,

+0-*:/08 /0<+/7 /0)<: -,+*9 G+- -*8- <- / -*+ /0:+ <0/7/*-:/+0 G:+<8 0+: +0:0: -,+*9 /: 0+0 -*+ -*8-+9)+0-0:.

!. /ilter S9++:- :- -,+*9 => -/9/0:/08 :- +9)+0-0: ,*+9 :-*-:/,/-* +<:)<:

". Regulat!r M/0:/0 +0:0: +:8- -- /07-)-07-0: +, +7 +07/:/+0+* */:/+0 /0 :- 9)/:<7- +, :- <))>.

/ull #ave recti$ier:

T- /*</: +, :- ,< - *-:/,/-* / +0 =-+. T/ /*</: / --0 :++9)*/- :+ ,#- /*</: +00-:-7 + :: +07<:/+0 :- )- :*+<8+0- 7/+7- 7<*/08 +0- , >- 07 :+*+<8 +:-* 7/+7- 7<*/08 :- -+07 , +, :- >-.

/1 /9

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 32

1rans!or,er ecti!ier "ilter egulator

AC Input 1o load

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

9 /1 % Q 2Q f: V+ #

/ /2

9 /2 /9

#% Q 2Q f:

/ /9 I7

f:

D<*/08 :- )+/:/- >- +, :- /0)<: /80 D1 / ,+**7 =/-7 07 /1 <**-0:/ ,+0 :*+<8 D1 07 RL. D<*/08 0-8:/- , >- +, :- /0)<: /80; D 2 /*--*- =/-7 07 /2 <**-0: / ,+/08 :*+<8 D2 07 RL. T- <**-0: :+ :- +7;/ / :- <9 +, :-- <**-0:; / /1/2. T- 7 07 *9 <- +, :- +7<**-0: 07 +7 +:8- *-.

I7 A-*8- <- A*- +, +0- >- 7//7-7 => :- =- e=-<- -*- =-G:/9- Qg

I7 [ ]π π

α

π

α α

π '

'

cos4sin& −=∫ m

m

I d I

)2$−−

π

mi 2I9 Q

W-*- I9 L f

m

R R

V

+ ;

π

Lm

Ldcdc

R I R I V

2==

V9 / :- )- :*0,+*9-* -+07*> +:8- ,*+9 +0- -07 :+ :- -0:-* :).T- 7 +<:)<: +:8- +, :- F<- +00-:/+0 / :/- :: ,+* :- , -/*</:. B-<- :- *- =+- :- ?/ ,+* +0- ,< AC /0)<: >- / :/- ::+=:/0-7 ,+* ,#- >:-9.

I2*9

π

α α

π '

2244sin

&d I m α

α

π

π

d I m

'

2

2

2cos&

π

α

α α

π '

22sin

2

−m I I92 2 I*9

2

m I

PIV:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 33

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A C , a i n

s

A B

C D

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

W-0 0> +0- +, :- :+ 7/+7- / *--*-7 =/-7; G-: :: / *-)-7 =>+)-0 /*</: :- 9?/9<9 +:8- ))-* *+ :: +)-0 /*</:. T/ 0 =-+-7 => ,++/08 -</-0: /*</:

9 9

RL RL

9 9

W-0 D1 → +)-0 /*</:-7 G*--*- =/-7 -0 D1 → +*: /*</:-7 G,+**7=/-7 D2 → +*: /*</:-7 G,+**7 =/-7 D 2 → +)-0 /*</:-7 G*--*-=/-7

B> ))>/08 :- VL - 0 ,/07 +<:; V AB +* VCD

V AB VCD 2V9

T<; -0 0> 7/+7- / *--*- =/-7; 07 :-0 9?/9<9 +, 2V9))-* *+ :: 7/+7-. F+* ,- +)-*:/+0; :- PIV *:/08 +, :: 7/+7- +<7 =-8*-:-* :: +* -< :+ 2V9.

PIV Y 2V9 ,+* -0:-* :) :*0,+*9-* ,<#- *-:/,/-*

/ULL AVE RECTI/IER IT"OUT /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

PROCEDURE: 1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9.2. /- /0)<: ,*+9 AC 9/0 07 9-<*- :- -+07*> +:8- V +, :-

:*0,+*9-*.3. M-<*- :- 0+ +7 DC +:8- </08 DMM. L-: :/ =- VNL.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 34

&N;==<

V+

D..DRB

&N;==<

A+

=6&==A

A C , a i n s

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

4. N+ +00-: :- DRB. V*> :- DRB 07 0+:- :- <- +, I7; /0 :-) +, 1%9A <0:/ :- <**-0: *-- 1%%9A.

5. A: - :-) 9-<*- :- VDC 07 V AC. C<:- */))- ,:+* γ :- *:/+ +, V AC VDC.

.!del #ave $!rs $!r /ull #ave recti$ier #it+!ut $ilter:

V

T/9-#

OBSERVATIONS:

VNL14.1V

S.N+ IDC

G9

VDC

GV

V AC

GV

γ V ACVDC K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%%

VDC1%2%3%4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%

14.%13.$13."13."13.!13.!13.!13.!13.613.6

6.26.16.%6.%6.%6.%6.%6.%6.%6.%

%.442%.43"%.434%.434%.434%.43!%.43!%.43!%.441%.441

%.!11.432.1!2.1!2.$12.$12.$12.$13.6!3.6!

P+: :- 8*) +, VDC -*- IDC. γ V IDC 07 <:- :- :-+*-:/ <- +, -?)-:-7 DC +<:)<: +:8- 07 +=-*- :- +<:)<: +0 CRO.

/ULL AVE RECTI/IER IT" /ILTER CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

.!del gra%+ $ull #ave recti$ier #it+ $ilter:

V

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 35

N'

N(

&N;==<

&===µ/

(V

DIB

V D..

A+

=6&==A

DRB A C a i n s

&===µ/

(V

+

-

+

-

+

-

&N;==<

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

Ri%%les in $ull #ave recti$ier Tie6

PROCEDURE:R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* ,< - *-:/,/-* /: :- +00-:/+0 +0 /0 :-=+- ,/8<*- 07 :=<:- :- *-<:,OBSERVATIONS:

S.N+ IDCG9A VDCG V ACG9 γ V AC VDC

Gh1%#3

K*-8<:/+0 VNL#VDC ] 1%% VDC

1%2%3%4%5%6%!%"%$%1%%

1$.!1".$1".61".41!.!1!.216.516.115.515.5

1$%.21"$.51"".31""1"!.61"!1"!.41"!."1""1"5.5

$.651%.%21%.121%.211%.5$1%."!11.3511.6612.1212.16

4.56".$$1%.!511.$516.3"1$.!624."42!.$532.$32.$

CONCLUSIONS:T-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ */))- ,:+* ,+* ,< - *-:/,/-* *- -*> -.T- 8*)/ *-)*--0::/+0 +, KR-8<:/+0 -*- IDC / /0-*.

RESULT: 6 E?)-*/9-0:> :- -,,//-0> "1.14K GW/:+<: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- +, R-8<:/+0 %.56 R/))- ,:+* %.4"2 GW/: ,/:-* P-*-0:8- +, R-8<:/+0 %.1%$

?UESTIONS:

1. W> 7+- */))- ,:+* / 8++7 ,+* ,< - *-:/,/-* :0 :- , -*-:/,/-*

2. T- ,*-<-0> +, :- ,< - *-:/,/-* / :/- :: +, /0)<: /80 ,*-<-0>07 :- ,*-<-0> +, :- , - *-:/,/-* / 9- :: +, :- IP /80,*-<-0>; E?)/0 >

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 36

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

3. W> +<7 =- :- PIV *:/08 +, :- 7/+7- /0 ,< - *-:/,/-* / :/- :: +, 7/+7- /0 , - *-:/,/-*

Experiment No: 5

TRANSISTOR CE CON/I7URATION1INPUT AND OUTPUT3

AI.: T+ +=:/0 :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: *:-*/:/ +, 8/-0 :*0/:+* /0 CEC+0,/8<*:/+0.

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))/- %#3%V 2N+.2. A99-:-* %#19A; 1 N+.

%# 1% 9A; 1 N+.%#1%%9A 1 N+.

3. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.%#3%V 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. T*0/:+* BC 1%! 1N+.2. R-/:+* 1Ω 1N+.

T"EORY:6

In%ut c+aracteristics

T*0/:+*

T- /0)<: *:-*/:/ / :- )+: +, :- /0)<: <**-0: I B V /0)<: +:8- VBE

,+* *08- +, <- +, +<:)<: +:8- VCE.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 37

V

C 5 6& V

V

C 5 6 ' V

IB

VB5

V

C 5 62 V

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

W/: VCE % 07 -9/::-* @<0:/+0 ,+**7 =/-7; :- /0)<: *:-*/:/ /--0:/> :: +, ,+**7 =/. A |VCE| /0*-- /: +0:0: VBE; /: <- 7-*-- /0 =- /7: 07 *-<: /0 7-*-/08 *-+9=/0:/+0 =- <**-0:.

Out%ut C+aracteristicsT- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ *- )+: +, :- +<:)<: <**-0: IC -*< +<:)<: +:8-VCE ,+* *08- +, <- +, /0)<: <**-0: IB.

%

Active Regi!nI0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +-:+* @<0:/+0 / *--*-7 =/-7 07 -9/::-*

@<0:/+0 / ,+**7 =/-7. I0 :/ *-8/+0 :- :*0/:+* +<:)<: <**-0: IC *-)+079+: -0/:/-> :+ 0 /0)<: /80.

I0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ IC / 8/-0 =>IC βIB G1β ICO.

N+:- :: IB YYICO; 07 -0- IC ≅βIB /0 :- :/- *-8/+0.T- <*- +, :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ *- 0+: +*/+0: :+- +, :-

+<:)<: *:-*/:/ /0 :- +99+0 =- +0,/8<*:/+0. A<9- ::; =-<- +, :- -*> -,,-: ;α /0*-- => +0> +0- , +, 1K

,*+9 %.$" :+ %.$"5; |VCE| /0*-- ,*+9 ,- +: :+ 1% +:; :-0 :- <- +, B-: /0*-- ,*+9 G%.$"1#%.$" 4$ :+ G%.$"51#%$"5 66; +* =+<: 34K. T/0<9-*/ -?9)- /<:*:- :: -*> 9 08- /0 α *-,-: -*> *8-08- /0 :- <- +, β; 07 -0- <)+0 :- +99+0 -9/::-* <*-.Cut6!$$ regi!n

T- <:#+,, *-8/+0 / 7-,/0-7 :- +07/:/+0 -*- :- +-:+* <**-0: /-< :+ :- *--*- :<*:/+0 <**-0: ICO 07 :- -9/::-* <**-0: / -*+. F+* :-:*0/:+* :+ =- /0 <:#+,,; IE%; ICICO; IB #IC #ICO; 07 VBE / *--*- +:8-+- 980/:<7- / +, :- +*7-* +, %.1V ,+* 8-*90/<9 07 % V ,+* //+0 :*0/:+*.

Saturati!n regi!n

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 38

S A T U R

A T I O N

R E G I O N

IC IB67''µA

IB688'µA

IB68''µA

IB6'µA

VC5

IC5.

6 βICB.

CUTOFF REGION

ACTIVE REGION

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

I0 :- :<*:/+0 *-8/+0 :- +-:+* @<0:/+0 07 -9/::-* @<0:/+0 *- ,+**7=/-7 => : -: :- <:#/0 +:8- GVγ . S/0- :- +:8- VBE 07 VBC *+ ,+**7 =/-7 -9/::-* @<0:/+0 07 +-:+* @<0:/+0 - 980/:<7- +, +0> ,-:-0: +, +: GVγ ; VCE VBE # VBC -*+; G/7- +* VCE ,- :-0: +, :- +:

G)*:/ : :<*:/+0. H-0-; /0 +<:)<: *:-*/:/ :- :<*:/+0 *-8/+0 / -*>+- :+ -*+ +:8- ?/.I0 :<*:/+0 *-8/+0 :- +-:+* <**-0: / ))*+?/9:-> -< :+ =-

<**-0:; ,+* 8/-0 <- +, VCC 07 RC.

INPUT OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

PROCEDURE /OR INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9. --) :- V CE %V G+0:0:.I0*-- :- VBE 07 +=-*- :- IB ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, VBE.

2. T=<:- :- *-<:. P+: :- 8*) VBE V IB. R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* VCE 1V & VCE 2V.

PROCEDURE /OR OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:1. S:*:/08 /: VBB %; /0*-- /: :+ 8-: IB 5%%<A. T-0 /0*-- :- VCC /0

:-) 07 0+:- 7+0 :- <- +, IC; /:+<: -?--7/08 :- *:-7 <-.

2. T=<:- :- *-<:. R-)-: ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, IB ; > 55%µ A & 6%%µ A 077* :- ,9/> +, *:-*/:/.

OBSERVATIONS:

I0)<: *:-*/:/ O<:)<: *:-*/:/

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 39

=6(=V

V

+

=6&V

A+

=6&= A

V

+

=6(=V

A+

=6&==A

&F

=6(=V

BC&=<

INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS

-

-

-

-+

-

+

-

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

CONCLUSIONS:

F*+9 :- )+: 7*0 B-:--0 IC & VBE ,+* +0:0: <- +, VCE - +=-*- :: VCB

/0*-- IE /0*-- :/ / 7<- :+ -*>-,,-:.F*+9 :- P+: 7*0 B-:--0 IC & VCE ,+* +0:0: <- +, IE - +=-*- :: IC

/0*-- ,+* +0:0: <- +, IE.

RESULT: # F+* I0)<: C*:-*/:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- 33.33b F+* O<:)<: C*:-*/:/ 7>09/ *-/:0- 4%% b

?UESTIONS

1. W: / ICBO; 07 + 7+- /: */- /: :-9)-*:<*-.2. W: +<7 =- :- <- +, :- VBE :+ --) :- :*0/:+* /0 :- <:#+,,

G=+: - 07 S/3. W: / :- +*7-* +, 980/:<7- +, :- :-9)-*:<*- +#-,,//-0: +, VBE GSAT; VBC

GSAT; 07 VCE GSAT4. I | VBE GSAT;| 8*-:-* +* - :0 | VCE GSAT E?)/0.5. W> :- OP *:-*/:/ +, CE +0,/8<*:/+0 7+ *- 0+: +*/+0:

:+- +, C.B +0,/8<*:/+0 OP *:-*/:/

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 40

S.N+ VCE% VCE1VBEG IBG9 VBEG IBG9%.1%.2

%.3%.4%.5%.6%.62%.64%.66%.6"%.!%.!3

%%.1"

%.2%.3%.4%.$1.21."2.53."5.$1%

%.1%.2

%.3%.4%.5%.6%.!%.!2%.!4%.!6%.!"%."%.$2

%%.2

%.3%.4%.5%.6%."1.31.62.12.!3.61%

S.N+ IB5"%µ A IB6%%µ A IB62%µ AIC VCE IC VCE IC VCE

%.3%.4

%.5%.6%.!%."%."%."

12

4!$1%1112

%.6%.6

%.!%."%.$%.$%.$1.%1.%

13

5!"$1%1112

%.$%.$

1.%1.11.21.31.41.4

12

46"1%1112

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

E*%erient N!:

TRANSISTOR CB CON/I7URATION

AI.: T+ +=:/0 :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: *:-*/:/ +, 8/-0 :*0/:+* /0 CB

C+0,/8<*:/+0.APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))/- %#3%V 2N+.2. A99-:-* %#1%9A 2N+.3. V+:9-:-* %#1V 1 N+.

%#3%V 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. T*0/:+* BC 1%! #1N+.2. R-/:+* #1Ω #1N+.

T"EORY:I0 :- +99+0 =- +0,/8<*:/+0; :- =- / +99+0 :+ =+: /0)<: 07

+<:)<: /*</:. T- +<:)<: G+-:+* <**-0: IC / +9)-:-> 7-:-*9/0-7 => :- /0)<:G-9/::-* <**-0: IE 07 :- +<:)<: G+-:+* :+ =- +:8- VCB.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 41

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

IC , GVCB; IET- /0)<: +:8- VEB / +9)-:-> 7-:-*9/0-7 ,*+9 :- -9/::-* <**-0: 07

+-:+* :+ =- +:8-.

T+e earl- e$$ect !r )ase #idt+ !dulati!n:

T- /7: W +, :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0 +, :- 7/+7- /0*-- /: :- 980/:<7-+, :- *--*- +:8-. T- +-:+* @<0:/+0 / *--*- =/-7 /0 :- :/- *-8/+0.

A :- +:8- ))/-7 : :- @<0:/+0 /0*--; :*0/:/+0 *-8/+0 )-0-:*:- 7--)-* /0:+ :- +-:+* 07 =-. A :- 0-<:*/:> +, :- *8- 9<: =- 9/0:/0-7; :-0<9=-* +, <0+-*-7 *8- +0 - /7- *-9/0 -<. S/0- :- 7+)/08 /0 :-=- / 9-* :0 :: +, :- +-:+*; :- )-0-:*:/+0 +, :- :*0/:/+0 *-8/+0 /0:+:- =- / 9< *8-* :0 /0:+ :- +-:+*. H-0- +-:+* 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+0 /0-8-:-7.

T/ 9+7<:/+0 +, -,,-:/- =- /7: => +-:+* +:8- / 0+0 -*>-,,-: +* =- /7: 9+7<:/+0. T-- -,,-: - :*-- +0-<-0-.

&3 α /0*-- /: /0*-- /0 VCB

'3 IE /0*-- /: /0*-- /0 VCB

(3 F+* -?:*-9-> *8- +:8- :- =- /7: 9> =- *-7<-7 :+ -*+;</08 +:8- =*-7+0 /0 :- :*0/:+*.

In%ut c+aracteristics

T- /0)<: *:-*/:/ *-)*--0: :- ,+**7 *:-*/:/ +, :- -9/::-* :+ =- @<0:/+0 ,+* */+< +-:+* +:8-.

F+* ,/?-7 <- +, +-:+* +:8- VCB; :- =- :+ -9/::-* +:8- GVEB / =-+:- <:#/0 +:8- GVγ :- -9/::-* <**-0: / -*> 9. W-0 VEB -?--7 :/ Vγ :--9/::-* <**-0: /0*-- *)/7>. T- /0*-- /0 :- 980/:<7- +, +-:+* +:8-/ <- :- =- /7: 9+7<:/+0 07 :- -9/::-* <**-0: /0*-- ,+* - <-+, VEB.

Out%ut c+aracteristics

T- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ / *-:- +<:)<: <**-0: IC :+ 0 +<:)<: +:8- VCB

,+* */+< <- +, IE.T- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ - :*-- =/ *-8/+0.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 42

V

C

B6& V

V

C

B62 V

I5

V5B

V

C

B6 ' V

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

1 A:/- R-8/+0 2 C<:#O,, R-8/+0 3 S:<*:/+0 R-8/+0

Active Regi!n I0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +-:+* @<0:/+0 / *--*-7 =/-7 07 -9/::-*

@<0:/+0 / ,+**7 =/-7. I0 :/ *-8/+0 :- :*0/:+* +<:)<: <**-0: IC *-)+079+: -0/:/-> :+ 0 /0)<: /80.

I0 :- :/- *-8/+0 :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ IC / 8/-0 =>IC αIEIB%. IE YYIBO; 07 -0- IC ≅αIE /0 :- :/- *-8/+0.

07 α / - :0 1.S+ :- +-:+* <**-0: / --0:/> /07-)-07-0: +, +-:+* +:8- 07 7-)-07 +0> <)+0 -9/::-* <**-0:.

:- 980/:<7- +, +-:+* <**-0: / G/8:> - :0 :: +, :- -9/::-* <**-0:.

Saturati!n Regi!n

T- *-8/+0 :+ :- -,: +, :- +*7/0:-; VCB %; 07 =+- :- *:-*/:/ I E %; /0 / =+: -9/::-* 07 +-:+* @<0:/+0 *- ,+**7 =/-7; / -7 :-

:<*:/+0 *-8/+0. T-*- / *8- 08- /0 :- +-:+* <**-0: /: 9 08-/0 +-:+* +:8-.

Cut6!$$ Regi!n

T- *-8/+0 =-+ :- IE % *:-*/:/; ,+* / -9/::-* 07 +-:+* @<0:/+0 *- =+: *--*- =/-7; / *-,-**-7 :+ <:#+,, *-8/+0.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 43

S A 1 9 A 1 I . N

5 G I . N

IC

I5 6 :,A

I5 6 2,A

I5 6 &,A

I5 6 ',A

VCB

'

AC1IV5 5GI.N

C91-."" 5GI.N

BC&=<

V+

=6(=V

A+

=6&=A

=6(=V

&

=6(=V

A+

=6&=A

V+

=6&V

/ig: ;,( INPUT AND OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS O/ CB TRANSISTOR

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

PROCEDURE:

INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- 7/8*9. --) :- VCB %VG+0:0:.I0*-- :- VEB 07 +=-*- :- IE ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, VEB.

2. T=<:- :- *-<:. P+: :- 8*) VEB V IE. R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* VCB 1V & VCB 1.5V.

OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS:

1. S:*:/08 /: VEB %; /0*-- /: :+ 8-: IE 19A. T-0 /0*-- :- VCB /0:-) 07 0+:- 7+0 :- <- +, I; /:+<: -?--7/08 :- *:-7 <-.

2. T=<:- :- *-<:. R-)-: ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, IE ; > 29A & 39A 077* :- ,9/> +, *:-*/:/.

OBSERVATIONS:

INPUT C"ARACTERISTICS OUTPUT C"ARACTERISTICS

CONCLUSIONS:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 44

S.N+ VCB % VCB 1

VEB IE VEB IE123456!"$1%

1112

%%.1%.2%.3%.4%.5%.52%.54%.56%.5"

%.6%.62

%%.11%.22%.32%.42%.63%.!$1.%62.353.!2

6.%$.43

%%.1%.2%.3%.4%.5%.52%.54%.56

%%.11%.22%.32%.42%.613.356.6"".65

S.N+ IE 19A IE 29A IE 39A

IC VCB IC VCB IC VCB123456!"$1%

11

%.43%.52%.64%.!3%."2%.$21.%1.11.1!1.26

1.34

%246"1%1214161"

2%

1.421.!41."31."$1.$"2.%52.%!2.162.232.35

2.4

%246"1%1214161"

2%

2.422.6"2."2.$2.$$3.%!3.133.213.313.43

3.4!

%246"1%1214161"

2%

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

F*+9 :- /0)<: *:-*/:/ - +=-*-7 :: VCE /0*-- VBE G<: /0 +:8-7-*-- 07 =- <**-0: IB /0*-- 7<- :+ =- /7: 9+7<:/+0.

F*+9 :- +<:)<: *:-*/:/ - +=-*-7 :: IE /0*--; IC + /0*--07 IC / 9+: -< :+ IE VCE /0*--.

RESULT # T- I0)<: 07 O<:)<: C*:-*/:/ +, C+99+0#B- +0,/8<*:/+0 *-+=:/0-7.

?UESTIONS

1. W: / =- /7: 9+7<:/+0 GT- -*> -,,-:2. T- +99+0 =- 9)/,/-* / + <**-0: ,++-*; >3. W: / 9-0: => :/- *-8/+04. B-<- +, -*> -,,-:; :-*- / 9 /0*-- /0 |IC|; /: VCB;

E?)/0

E*%erient N!: <

.EASURE.ENT O/ "6PARA.ETERS O/ TRANSISTORIN CB5 CE5 CC CON/I7URATIONS

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

AI.: T+ 9-<*- :- #)*9-:-* +, :- 8/-0 :*0/:+* /0 CB; CE*:-*/:/.T+e!r-:

T- :-*9/0 =-/+* +, :+ )+*: 7-/- / )-/,/-7 => :+ +:8- 07:+ <**-0:.

/1 /2 I0)<: V1 V2 +<:)<:P+*: # # )+*:

W- 9> --: :+ +, :- ,+<* <0:/:/- /07-)-07-0: */=- 07-?)*- :- *-9/0/08 :+ /0 :-*9 +, :- +-0 /07-)-07-0: */=-. I, :-<**-0: /1 07 :- +:8- V2 *- /07-)-07-0: */=- 07 /, :- :+ )+*: *-/0-*; - 9> */:-

V1 11 /1 12V2. /1 21 /1 22V2.

T- <0:/:/- 11; 12; 21; & 22 *- -7 :- +* >=*/7 )*9-:-* =-<-:-> *- 0+: /- 7/9-0/+0>. T- )*9-:-* *- 7-,/0-7 ,++.

/ 11 V1 /0)<: *-/:0- /: +<:)<: +*: /*</:G+9 /1 V2 %

* 12 V1 *--*- +)-0 /*</: +:8- 9)/,/:/+0V2 /2 % G7/9-0/+0-

, 21 /2 +*: /*</: <**-0: 8/0 G 7/9-0/+0-

/1 V2 %

+ 22 /1 +<:)<: +07<:0- /: +)-0 /*</: G9+ V2 /1 %

T- 9+7- B> </08 ,+<* #)*9-:-* - 0 +0:*<: 9:-9:/ 9+7- +, :- :+ )+*: :/- 7-/-.

Transist!r "-)rid .!del:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 46

Two-port activ

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

F+* 9 /80; :- :*0/:+* +)-*:- /: *-+0=- /0-*/:>; +:: :- :*0/:+* 0 =- *-)-7 => >=*/7 -</-0: /*</:.

T- >=*/7 9 /80 9+7- ,+* +99+0 -9/::-* +0,/8<*:/+0.F+* +99+0 -9/::-* +0,/8<*:/+0; :- /0)<: +:8- 07 /0)<: <**-0:

*- VBE 07 IB. :- +<:)<: +:8- 07 <**-0: *- VCE 07 IC.

T- #)*9-:-* -<:/+0 *-

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B E

C C

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 47

I I

#

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V-=

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T- #)*9-:-* -<:/+0 *-

VBC //=*-I- , /= +-V-.

A07 #)*9-:-* *- 8/-0 =>

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LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 48

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

e

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ih

∆∆≅

∂∂=

OBSERVATIONS:T- #)*9-:-* ,+* CE +0,/8<*:/+0 *-

/- GiV=-iI= : V-1V

( )

Ω=−

−− 2''

&'74';4'

74'7<4':

*- GiV=-iV- : I=%."9A

( )

'74'

'&

8;4'7<4'=

,/- GiIiI= : V-2V

( )

( ) &7

&'884'74'

&'<4'24&:

:

=−

−−

+- GiIiV- : I=%."9A

( )

( ):

:

:

&'=&4'&'2<

&'24&<4& −

=−

T- #)*9-:-* ,+* CB+0,/8<*:/+0 *-

/= GiV=-iI- : V-1V

( ) Ω=−

−− 748

&'24&847824'884' :

*= GiV=-iV- : I-%."9A

( )

'>4''&

8;4'784'=

,= GiIiI- : V-2V

( )

( ) &

&'2:

&'74&742:

:

=−

−−

+= GiIiV- : I-%."9A

( )

( )

:

:

:

&'=&84'

&''2

&'<4&>4& −

=

C!nclusi!ns:C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ <- +, /-; *-; +-; ,-,+* CE +0,/8<*:/+0.

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C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ <- +, /=; *=; +=; ,=,+* CB +0,/8<*:/+0.

?UESTIONS:

1. W> 7+- :- #)*9-:-* *> /: </--0: )+/0: 07 :-9)-*:<*-2. H+ + :- #)*9-:-* *> /: </--0: )+/0: 07 :-9)-*:<*-3. D* :- /9)/,/-7 >=*/7 9+7- ,+* +99+0 -9/::-* +0,/8<*:/+0

/*</:.

E*%erient N!,G

FET CHARACTERISTICS

AIM T+ +=:/0 :- ::/ *:-*/:/ GVDS . ID.. T+ +=:/0 :- :*0,-* *:-*/:/ GVS . ID +, 8/-0 FET 07 :+ <:- :- )*9-:-* +, FET G*7;

9; APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))/- %#3%V 2N+.2. 99-:-* %# 1%9A 1 N+3. V+:9-:-* %#1%V 1 N+4. R.P.S %#3%V 1 N+

CO.PONENTS:

1. FET BFW 11 1N+2. D/+7- IN 4%%! 1N+

T"EORY:6/ET C"ARACTERISTICS

T- ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+* / :*-- :-*9/0 -9/+07<:+* 7-/-. T- :*--:-*9/0 *- :-; D*/0 07 S+<*-. T- FET / 9@+*/:> **/-* GU0/)+*7-/- 07 /: / +:8- +0:*+-7 <**-0: +<*-. I: / +:8- +0:*+-7 7-/-/0- :- +<:)<: 7*/0 <**-0: / +0:*+-7 => :- :+ +<*- +:8-. I: 0 + :

<**-0: +<*- /0- :- +<:)<: 7*/0 <**-0: /07-)-07-0: +0 :- 7*/0*-/:0- +* 7*/0 :+ +<*- +:8-T- /8 /0)<: /9)-70- 07 + 0+/- *- :+ +, :- 70:8- +, FET.

T- 9/0 7/70:8- +, FET / *-:/-> 9 8/0 =07/7: )*+7<: +9)*-7 :+ :*0/:+*.

A0 /9)+*:0: ,-:<*- +, :- FET / ::; /: / +,:-0 /9)-* :+ ,=*/:- 07+<)/- - )- +0 :- /) :-0 7+- :- BJT. T+ :- *-<:0: +9)+0-0:7-0/:> 0 =- -?:*-9-> /8; +, -?--7/08 +, 1% 5 MOSFET )-* /). MOS

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

7-/- 0 =- +00-:-7 *-/:+* 07 )/:+*. E?)+/::/+0 +, :/ ,-:<*-9- :- MOSFET :- 7+9/0:- 7-/- /0 VLSI.

T-*- *- :+ :>)- +, ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+*.T- @<0:/+0 ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+* GJFET +* /9)> FET.

A07 :- I0<:-7 :- ,/-7 -,,-: :*0/:+* GIFET 9+*- +99+0> -7:- M-: O?/7- -9/+07<:+* GMOS :*0/:+*. GMOST +* MOSFET.

MOSFET *- +, :+ :>)- .D-)-:/+0 :>)- MOSFET 07 E00-7 :>)-MOSFET. T- JFET 07 7-)-:/+0 :>)- MOSFET 0 =- <-7 /0 9)/,/-* . T--00-9-0: :>)- MOSFET / 9+*- )+)<* /0 7/8/: /*</:.

8/ET V6I C+aracteristics,T-*- *- :+ :>)- +, JFET +0- / 0#C00- 07 :- +:-* / )# C00-

FET. T- C*:-*/:/ +, 0#00- FET *- +0 =-+. F+* 0#00- FET :-8:- :+ +<*- +:8- / 0-8:/- 07 ,+* :- )#00- FET 8:- :+ +<*- +:8-/ )+/:/-.

Static c+aracteristicS::/ *:-*/:/ *- :- )+: +, ID -*< VDS ,+* *08- +, <- +, VS.

W/: VS %; 07 => ))>/08 VDS; :/ VDS +08 :- 0#:>)- =* *--*- =/- :-8:-#@<0:/+0. F+* 9 <- +, VDS; ID /0*-- /0-*> /: VDS. A +:8- VDS /*--7 : / :- 00- / )/0#+,,; ID =-8/0 :+ -- +,, 07 ))*+-+0:0: <- GIDSS.

IDSS / :- 9?/9<9 7*/0 <**-0: ,+* JFET / 7-,/0-7 => :- +07/:/+0.VS %V 07 VDS / 8*-:-* :0 |VP|.

T+e O+ic Regi!n

T- *-8/+0 :+ :- -,: +, :- )/0 +,, +< / *-,-**-7 +9/ R-8/+0 +* V+:8- +0:*+-7 *-/:0- R-8/+0. I0 :/ *-8/+0 :- JFET 0 :<> =--9)+>-7 */=- *-/:+*. GR-/:0- VD ID. I +0:*+-7 => :- VS.

Pinc+6!$$ Regi!n !r Saturati!n Regi!n

I0 :/ *-8/+0 ID *-)+07 -*> /8:> :+ VDS; /: 7-)-07 <)+0 VS 07 /8/-0 =>

ID IDSS 1 VS2

VP

W-*- VP P/0 +,, V+:8-.

T- )/0 +,, V+:8- / 7-,/0-7 ; I: / :- 8:- :+ +<*- +:8- : /:- 7*/0 <**-0: =-+9- -*+. T- FET : +:8- +0:*+-7 <**-0: +<*-07 0 =- <-7 0 9)/,/-* => )*+)-*> =/-7.

Trans$er C+aracteristics:

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T- :*0,-* C*:-*/:/ / )+: +, ID V-*< VS : +0:0: <- +, VDS.

W-0 VS %; ID IDSS.W-0 VS VP; ID %.

T- :*0,-* *:-*/:/ *- 7-,/0-7 => :- -<:/+0 I D IDSS 1 VS2

VP

SY.BOLS

N# C00- JFET P C00- JFET

L-7 +0,/8<*:/+0T- 7/*-:/+0 +, :- **+ /07/:- :- 7/*-:/+0 /0 / :- 8:- <**-0:

+<7 ,+ +, :- 8:- @<0:/+0 -*- ,+**7 =/-7.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

PROCEDURE:

A3 STATIC C"ARACTERISTICS

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=6(=V

B/ &&

&N;==<

V

=6&=V=6(=V V

=6(=V

A+

=6&=A

B

6

6

7

D

S

7

D

S

Source

DrainGate &

Gate 2

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-. T- 7/+7- / +0> ,+* )*+:-:/+0.--) :- 8:- +:8- VS %V 07 /0*-- :- 7*/0 +:8- VD ,*+9 -*+:+ 1% V /0 +0-0/-0: :-); 0+:/08 :- 7*/0 <**-0: ID : - :-).

2. P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 VD 07 ID.

3. R-)-: :- -?)-*/9-0: ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, 8:- +:8-.

B3 TRANS/ER C"ARACTERISTICS:--) :- VDS +0:0: > 1% V 07 *-+*7 ID ,+* 7/,,-*-0: G#- <- +, VS

:*:/08 ,*+9 -*+. T=<:- :- *-<: 07 7* :- 8*).

STATIC C"ARACTERISTICS:

S.N+ VS % VS #1V VS #2VVDS G+: IDG9A VDS G+: IDG9A VDS G+: IDG9A

123456!"$1%11

%123456!"$1%

%45.$6.56.!6."6."6."6."6."6."

%123456!"$1%

%22.42.62.62.!2.!2."2."2.$2.$

%123456!"$1%

%%.4%.5%.6%.6%.6%.6%.!%.!%."%."

TRANS/ER C"ARACTERISTICS

S.N+ VDS 1% VDS 2VVS G+: IDG9A VS G+: IDG9A

123456

%12345

6."2.!%."%.4%.4%.4

%12345

5.32.2%.2%.1%.1%.1

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!"$1%11

6!"$1%

%.4%.4%.4%.4%.4

6!"$1%

%.1%.1%.1%.1%.1

.ODEL 7RAP"S:

STATIC C"ARACTERISTICS TRANS/ER C"ARACTERISTICS

VS

CONCLUSIONS:

F*+9 :- 8*)/ *-)*--0::/+0 +, IDVS VDS - +=-*-7 :: VS /0*-/08ID 7-*-/08.F*+9 :- 8*)/ *-)*--0::/+0 +, IDVS VS - +=-*-7 :: : VS % ID /

9?/9<9. A VS / /0*-/08 ID 7-*-/08.

RESULT: F*+9 :-- <- +, =+- 8*) 7-:-*9/0-*7 ∆VDS ∆ID : +0:0: VS

G3#2 G6.5#5.$ 9A1.66Ω : +0:0: VS %

89 ∆ID ∆ VS : +0:0: VDS.

G2.!#%." 9A G2#1 1.$9 : +0:0: VDS 1%

A07 j' :- )*+7<: +, 89 07 * 7.

3.154

?UESTIONS:

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VDS

I D

VGS

6 'V

VGS

6 -&V

VGS

6 -2V

VDS

6 8VV

DS6 2V

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

1. D-,/0- IDSS; VP; VS G+,, 89; * 7; 2. W: / =//08 +:8- ,+* 8:- :+ +<*- @<0:/+03. W: / :- /0)<: /9)-70- /, J<0:/+0 FET

E*%erient N!: H

CO..ON E.ITTER A.PLI/IER

AI.: 1. T+ 7-/80 +99+0 -9/::-* 9)/,/-* 07 +=:/0 /: +:8- 8/0;C<**-0: 8/0; I0)<: /9)-70- +<:)<: /9)-70-.

3. T+ )+: :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- 07 :+ 7-:-*9/0- :- =07/7: +, :- 9)/,/-*.

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-* 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1N+.O:-* *-/:+* +, 7-/80-7 <-.

2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+1%%F 1N+.3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.

T"EORY

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T- CE 9)/,/-* / /08 +:8- 07 <**-0: 8/0 8*-:-* :0 <0/:>. T-<- +, /0)<: *-/:0- R/ 07 +<:)<: *-/:0- R+ /- =-:--0 :+- ,+* CB 07CC 9)/,/-*. T- CE 9)/,/-* /0 :/ =+*:+*> <- -, =//08 +* -9/::-* =//08+0,/8<*:/+0. T- )+-* <))> V; *-/:+* R1; R2; RC )*+/7- :- =//08. T--9/::-* *-/:+* RE / 9-0: ,+* :=//:/+0. T- +<)/08 )/:+* =+ :- DC+:8- =<: ,*--> )- :- /80 +:8-. I, :- /0)<: +<)/08 )/:+* C 1 /0+: <-7; :- 7 +* -*8- <- +, :- /80 +<*- 9> +,,-* :- =//08 +, :-9)/,/-*. T- +<:)<: /80 +:8- 9> =- ))/-7 :+ :- /0)<: +, 0+:-* 9)/,/-* /:+<: -,,-:/08 /: =/; =-<- +, :- =+/08 )/:+* C 2. T- -9/::-* *-/:+* RE )*+/7- :=//:/+0 ,++. I, I :-07 :+ /0*--. GL-: I CO */-0 7<- :+/0*-- /0 :-9)-*:<*-. T- <**-0: /0 RE / IE IC IB + /0*--. T-+:8- 7*+) *+ RE + /0*-- 07 :- 7*+) *- /0 :- 7/*-:/+0 :+ *--*-=/ :- -9/::-* @<0:/+0 + :: :- =- <**-0: / 7-*--7. F/0> :- +-:+* <**-0:; IC 7-*--. H-0- IC / /0*-- - :0 /: +<7 -; 7 :-*- =--00+ -, =//08 *-/:+* RE.

T- B>) )/:+* CE / 9/0> <-7 :+ )*--0: :- + +, 9)/,/:/+07<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7= )*+/7-7 => :- RE. T/ =>) )/:+* / ,,-: :-+ ,*-<-0> *-)+0- +, :- 9)/,/-*.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

DESI7NDesign &D-:-*9/0- :- <- +, RC; RE; R1; R2 ,+* :- 0-:+* ,+* :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:/07/:-7

VCC 12 V; IC\ 59A; VCE\ 6V VBE %.6V.VEN VCC 1%1.2VRE VEN IE VEN IC GIE ≈ IC 24%`RC VRC IC GVCC VCE\ # VEN IC $6% `VBN VBE VE 1."VR2 ≤ G1 1% × β × RE 5.!6 ` VBN GR2 GR1R2 × VCC

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 56

BC ;<

RC

R&

R'

RE

CE &==µ/

RS ''=F C& &=µ/

B

Signal7enerat!r

C' J &=µ/

B

CRODRB

V

CC J &'V

B -

B -

B

-

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

R1 3% `Alternate DesignV12; C++- +)-*:/08 )+/0: GI\ 59A; VCE\ 6R 1 C++- :=//:> ,:+* S12M-<*- β <- +, :- :*0/:+* </08 7/8/: 9<:/9-:-*C<:- IB ICβ R- GV# V-# IC RC GIB IS G1β e1 GR=R-g e1β GR=R-gC<:- R=R-; 07 :-0 <:- R=.VBN VBE IE R- ; VBE %.!V VBN IBR= G-*- V / :-/0-0 +:8- +0/7-*/08 V; R1; R2GVR= VR1; :-0 <:- R1C<:- IR1 GV # VBNR1C<:- IR2 IR1 IBR2 GVBN IR2

eR= R1R2 GR1R2;VVR2G R1R2 /0 :- :-/0-0 /*</:gP"YSICAL DESI7NV&2VCC = 5 C?

I JA C5?V Jv

5NV J V24&&'

V&2

&'

VCC ==

5 J Ω=== − 2<'&'@8

24&

I

V

I

V:

C

5N

5

en

Ω= 2<' 5

C

5NC5?CC

c

CC

I

VVV

I

V

−−==

J Ω=−−− 7'

&'@8

24&7&2:

Ω= 7' C

V4&24&>4'VVV 5B5BN =+=+=

52 @ @&'

& β≤

2<'@:''@&'

& 2 ≤

24> 2 ≤

24> 2 =

&2@

V

2&

2

BN +=

&2@ 24>

24>4&

& +=

& R J(G,'<

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

PROCEDURE:1. C+00-: :- /*</: /: +9)+0-0: <- <:-7.2. V-*/,> :- +#+*7/0:- +, +)-*:/08 )+/0: 07 0+:- 7+0 0> 7-/:/+0 ,*+9

:- 7-/80-7 <- GVCE\; IC\ 07 VBE.3. C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1 H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:

07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.

4. M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP.

5. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/

6. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; 9-<*- :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- VOP

/:+<: 0> +7. C+00-: *-/:/- +7 07 :-0 7@<: :- +7 <0:/ :-0- +<:)<: /80 VOP -< :+ :- +0- , +, :- +*/8/0 /80. R-9+- :-ROUT ,*+9 :- /*</: 07 9-<*- /: <-. T- 9-<*-7 <- / :- +<:)<:/9)-70- +, :- /*</:.

!. T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.

". V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)

07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 8/0 /0 7B V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.

$. O=-*- :- )- *-:/+0 =-:--0 /0)<: 07 +<:)<: /80 : 7/,,-*-0:,*-<-0/-.

.ODEL 7RAP"S:

AV

M?37B )+/0:

B07/7:

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G a i n i n d B s

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

F*-<-0>TABULATION:F*-<-0> R-)+0-

S.N+F*-<-0> G H

I0)<:V+:8-

O<:)<:V+:8- GV

/0GV%V/ 2% × +81% GV%V/

1 5% 4%9V 1.2 3% 2$.542432 !% 4%9V 1.4 35 3%.""1363 1%% 4%9V 1.6 4% 32.%4124 2%% 4%9V 3." $5 3$.5544!5 3%% 4%9V 4.2 1%5 4%.423!$6 5%% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"362! !%% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"362" "%% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"362$ 1 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"2

1% 2 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"2

11 3 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"212 4 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"213 5 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"214 ! 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"215 " 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"216 1% 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"21! 2% 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"21" 3% 4%9V 5 125 41.$3"21$ 5% 4%9V 4." 12% 41.5"3622% !% 4%9V 4.6 115 41.213$621 "% 4%9V 4.5 112 4%.$"436

22 $% 4%9V 4.4 11% 4%."2!"523 1%% 4%9V 4.% 1%% 4%24 2%% 4%9V 3." $5 3$.5544!25 4%% 4%9V 3 !5 3!.5%12326 5%% 4%9V 2." !% 36.$%1$62! !%% 4%9V 2.2 55 34."%!252" 1M 4%9V 1.5 3! 31.364%3

RESULTS ANALYSIS:I0)<: /0<+/7 +:8- 4%9 I0)<: F*-<-0> 1 HO<:)<: +:8- 5V GS/0- W-O)-*:/08 P+/0: # GU07-* Z-*+ /80 +07/:/+0 V<48VC5? =

v784'VB5 =

,a:48B &

:248

VI

C

CC? ===

A,:-* ))>/08 :- /80;

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

V+:8- /0 :&'@&284',v<'

V8=

125GY1%%V+:8- *+ ,v;4& S =

A&;4;22',v;4&

VI

S

S

i µ===

IP R-/:0- 7&'@&;4;

,v<'

Ii

Vi−=

4"$%Ω OP R-/:0- 1111Ω

OP C<**-0: ,A842 &

V842

cetansise output

Volatageoutput==

7>4:'8&'@:'87>4'A&;4;

,A842

I

IA :

i

'I ==

µ==

B07/7: f h – f l = 25% H 3%%H. 24$.! H

CONCLUSIONS:F+*9 :- +=-*:/+0 :- +:8- 8/0 +=:/0-7 / 125. T- <**-0: 8/0 +=:/0-7 /3%5.6!. W/ / 9+: -< :+ ,- <- /.-.; 3%% T- /0)<: /9)-70- +=:/0-7/ 4."`. T- +<:)<: *-/:0- / 1.1` / / ))*+?/9:-> -< :+ R C. T-=07/7: +=:/0-7 ,*+9 :- ,*-<-0> )+: / 24$.! H.

?UESTIONS:

1. W> +<7 - <- CE 9)/,/-* /0 :- /0:-*9-7/:- :8- +, 9<:/:8-9)/,/-*

2. I0 :/- *-8/+0 :- :*0/:+* : <**-0: +0:*+-7 <**-0: +<*- 07+ :: /: 0 =- <-7 0 9)/,/-*. E?)/0

3. W> / )/:+* +<)/08 / <-7 :+ +00-: /80 +<*- :+ 09)/,/-*

4. W> 7+- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-* *> /: :- ,*-<-0>5. H+ :- CE 9)/,/-* 7+- )*+7<- 1"%% )- /,: =-:--0 +<:)<: 07

/0)<:

E?)-*/9-0: N%#1%COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIERGEMITTER FOLLOWER

AIM T+ :<7> :- )-*,+*90- +, +99+0 +-:+* G-9/::-* 9)/,/-*. A07 +=:/0/: +:8- 8/0; <**-0: 8/0; /0)<: /9)-70-; +<:)<: /9)-70- 07 =07/7:.

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1 N+.33Ω 1 N+.".2Ω; 1 N+.1%Ω 1 N+.

2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+.

3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.

T"EORY

W-0 :- +<:)<: / :-0 ,*+9 :- -9/::-* :-*9/0 +, :- :*0/:+* +0/0 :- ,/8. T- 0-:+* / *-,-**-7 :+ C+99+0 +-:+* :*0/:+* 9)/,/-*. T/+0,/8<*:/+0 / + -7 -9/::-* ,++-*; =-<- /: +:8- 8/0 / +- :+ <0/:>;07 -0- 08- *+ :- +7 : :- -9/::-*. I0 +:-* +*7 :- -9/::-* ,++:- /0)<: /80.

I0 . 0>/ :- +-:+* / 8*+<07-7; +; :<> +99+0 +-:+*

+0,/8<*:/+0 :- /0)<: *-/:0- R I +, -9/::-* ,++-* / -*> /8 GH<07*-7 +, /++9 07 +<:)<: *-/:0- RO / -*> + G:-0 +, +9. H-0- :- +99+0+-:+* /*</: 0 =- <-7 =<,,-* :8- / )-*,+*9 :- ,<0:/+0 +, *-/:0- :*0,+*9:/+0.GF*+9 /8 :+ + *-/:0- +-* /7- *08- +, ,*-<-0/-; /: +:8- 8/0 +- :+ <0/:>. T- -9/::-* ,++-* /0*-- :-)+-* -- +, :- /80; /.-.; /: )*+/7- )+-* 8/0.

F+* :- +99+0 +-:+* 9)/,/-*; :- <**-0: 8/0 A I / /8 G))*+?/9:->-< :+ +99+0 -9/::-* :8- AV / - :0 <0/:> G=<: +- :+ <0/:>; R I / :-/8-: 07 RO / :- +-: +, :- :*-- GCE; CB & CC +0,/8<*:/+0. T/ /*</:/ /7-> ))/-7 =<,,-* :8- =-:--0 /8 /9)-70- +<*- 07 +/9)-70- +7.

T- -9/::-* ,++-* / ,*-<-0:> <-7 ,+* /9)-70- 9:/08 )<*)+- :--9/::-* ,++-* G7<- :+ /: + +<:)<: *-/:0- / +,:-0 <-7 :+ 7*/- )/:/-+7.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 61

?& BC ;<

(( F

G,' F&= F

C' &=µ/

RS ''=F C& &=µ/

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

.ODEL 7RAP"S:

F*-<-0>

TABULATION:I0)<: V+:8- 4%9V

S.N+F*-<-0

> G HO<:)<:

V+:8- G9V/0GV%V/ 2% × +81% GV%V/

1 5% 32 %." #1.$42 "% 32 %." #1.$43 1%% 33 %."2 #1.6!4 2%% 34 %."5 #1.415 "%% 34 %."5 #1.416 1 34 %."5 #1.41! 2 34 %."5 #1.41" 5 34 %."5 #1.41

$ " 34 %."5 #1.411% 1% 34 %."5 #1.4111 2% 34 %."5 #1.4112 5% 33 %."2 #1.6!13 "% 32 %." #1.$414 1%% 32 %." #1.$415 2%% 32 %." #1.$4

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 63

G a i n i n d B

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

16 5%% 32 %." #1.$41! "%% 32 %." #1.$41" 1ME 32 %." #1.$4

CONCLUSIONS:T- +:8- 8/0 +=:/0-7 / %."5 / / 9+: -< :+ :- :-+*-:/ <-/ / <0/:>. T- =07/7: +=:/0-7 / 1 MH / / -*> /8.RESULTS:V+:8- 8/0 GAV %."5C<**-0: 8/0 GAI 514.!1I0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ !33.3`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO !11`B07/7: 1MHT- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- +, C+99+0 C+-:+* A9)/,/-* / :<7/-7. ?UESTIONS:

1. W> :- +99+0 +-:+* 9)/,/-* / + -7 -9/::-* ,++-*2. W/ +, :- 9)/,/-* GCE; CB +* CC /8-: /0)<: *-/:0-

GRI3. H+ / :- /- +, :- =//08 *-/:+* R/ -,,-: :- /0)<: /9)-70- +,

E?)-*/9-0: N+ 11

/ET A.PLI/IER 1CO..ON SOURCE3

AI.: 1. T! 7-/80 FET +99+0 +<*- 9)/,/-* ,+* +:8- 8/0 +,2. T+ +=:/0 -?)-*/9-0:> :- +:8- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*.

3. T+ +=:/0 :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- *:-*/:/ +, :- 9)/,/-*

APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1N+.2. CRO 1N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* 4!Ω 1 N+.RS 07 RD )-* 7-/80

2. C)/:+* 1% F 3N+.

3. FET BFW 11 1N+.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 64

B/ &&

RD

RS

C( &=u/ R

7

C& &=u/

I

INPUT

V

DD &' V

C' &=u/

CRO

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T"EORY: 6 A sall signal l!# $re0uenc- /ET +as a N!rt!nKs !ut%ut circuit #it+a de%endent current generat!r #+!se agnitude is %r!%!rti!nal t! gate t!s!urce v!ltage, T+e !ut%ut resistance is d, T+e in%ut resistance )et#een gateand s!urce is in$inite5 since it is assued t+at t+e reverse )iased gate ands!urce dra#s n! current,

/ET can )e used $!r anal-Ming t+e t+ree )asic /ETa%li$icati!n c!n$igurati!ns, 1i3 C!!n S!urce 1CS35 1ii3 C!!n drain 1CD351iii3C!!n gate 1C73 T+e CS a%li$ier %r!vides g!!d v!ltage a%li$icati!n,V!ltage 7ain:6 S!urce resist!r 1Rs3 is used t! set t+e ?6%!int )ut is %assed )-Cs $!r id $re0uenc- !%erati!n, /r! t+e sall signal e0uivalent circuit5 t+e!ut%ut v!ltage5

VO J 6RD RDr d µ Vgs where VGS=V I

"ence5 t+e v!ltage gain5 AVJVOVI J 6Rd RDr d

DESI7N:

Select V GSQ near the max. g m value say VP !" I #SS = $% m&" V P = '(V" )*s = ! µ S"

r d = $ )*s

I #Q = I #SS

2

&

!"#

V

V

V ## = I #+, #-, S - V #SQ

&t /0as 1*0nt gm = g m*

Vp

V !"#& =

!"#

$""

V

V

V

I &

2

&v = gm +, # rd " V GSQ = ' I #., S

PROCEDURE:

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. 0+:- :- +)-*:/08 )+/0: VDS\; VS\; ID\

3. S-: :- +<:)<: +, :- /80 8-0-*:+* @<: =-+ :- )+/0: +, 7/:+*:/+0; + :::- 9?/9<9 <07/:+*:-7 +<:)<: ))-* +0 :- CRO.

4. N+:- :/ /0)<: +:8- 07 --) /: +0:0: :*+<8 +<: :- -?)-*/9-0:.5. V*> :- /0)<: ,*-<-0> ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH; 07 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80

+:8- : --*> -::/08 +, ,*-<-0>.6. P+: :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- ,+* :- 9)/,/-* 07 <:- :- =07/7:.

.ODEL 7RAP"S:

AV

M?37B )+/0:

B07/7:

F*-<-0>

TABULATION:S.N+ F*-<-0>

GHI0)<:V+:8-

iV

+mV

O<:)<:V+:8-

'V

GV

/0

i

V V

V A '=

/0 /0 D-/=-G7B

V A&'log2'×

W/: F--7=

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 66

123456!"$1%111213

1415

5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%

1%%2%%5%%

!%%1MH

4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%

4%4%

%.2%.24%.26%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.2"%.26%.22

%.16%.12

566.5!!!!!!!!

6.55.5

43

13.$"15.56316.251!.51!.51!.51!.51!.51!.51!.51!.516.2514."

12.%4$.54

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

CONCLUSIONS:

1. T- 7*/0 *-/:0- +, JFET G%.1 :+ 1 M`2. A )/:/- *-:0- 7-*-- /: /0*-/08 ,*-<-0>; :- *-<:0:

+<:)<: /9)-70- / =- +-* : /8-* ,*-<-0/- :-*- => *-7</08 :-

8/0RESULTS:

D-/80-7 V+:8- 8/0 "P*:/ V+:8- 8/0 !

T- F*-<-0> *-)+0- +, JFET 9)/,/-* / +=:/0-7. V+:8- 8/0 07 =07 /7:*- <:-7.

B07 W/7: 6$$.$! H.

?UESTIONS:

1. H+ 7+ >+< -?)/0 :- -78- )- +, :- 7-)-:/+0 *-8/+02. W: / :- 9-0/9 *-)+0/=- ,+* +0:0: *-/:0- +)-*:/+0 +, FET3. C+9)*- :- *:-*/:/ +, BJT 07 FET.4. I /: )+/=- :+ +)-*:- FET /: 8:- ,+**7 =/-7

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

E?)-*/9-0: N+ 12

RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR

AIM T+ 7-/80 07 :+ ,/07 :- ,*-<-0> +, :- RC )- /,: O/:+*.

T+ 9-<*- :- )- /,: : - :8-.

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* A )-* 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* A )-* 7-/80-7 <-1%%F 1 N+.

3. P+:-0:/+9-:-* 1Ω 1 N+.4. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1 N+.

T"EORY:

T- RC P- /,: O/:+* +0/: +, :*0/:+* 9)/,/-* 07 :*--7-7 G-*/- RC -:/+0. T- +<:)<: +, :- : RC +9=/0:/+0 =-/08*-:<*0-7 :+ :- =- +, :- :*0/:+*. I, :- +7/08 +, :- )- /,: 0-:+* +0 :-

9)/,/-* 0 =- 0-8-:-7. T- 9)/,/-* /0:*+7<- 1"% % P- /,: :+ :- +:8-/ ))-* +0 :- =-. T- T*-- RC -:/+0 / 8/- 77/:/+0 )- /,:;: +9- ,*-<-0> :- )- /,: /0:*+7<-7 => :- RC 0-:+* / =- -< :+1"%%; : :/ ,*-<-0> :- :+: )- /,: ,*+9 :- =- *+<07 :- /*</: 07= :+ :- =- / =- -?:> -*+. T/ )*:/<* ,*-<-0> / =- :- +0- :/ :- /*</: / +/:-; )*+/7-7 :- 980/:<7- +, 9)/,/:/+0 / <,,//-0:>*8-. T- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 / 8/-0 =>

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

F G1 2πRC × 1 √G6 4. W-*- RC R.

T- *-</*-9-0: / :: :- 980/:<7- +, Aβ 9<: -?--7 <0/:>. I0 +*7-* ,+* +/:/+0 :+ :*:; :- /*</: 0--7 :- +07/:/+0

FE Y 423 G2$

T- )- /,: +/:+* / )*:/<*> </:-7 :+ :- *08- +, <7/+,*-<-0/-. A: ,*-<-0/- /0 :- *08- +, 9-8 -*:; 0+ 9*-7 70:8-+-* /*</: -9)+>/08 :<0-7 LC 0-:+*. T- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 0 =-*/-7 => 08/08 0> +0- +, :- /9)-70- --9-0: GR +* C /0 :- )-/,:/08 0-:+*.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.

DESI7N:

2.! R R; ,/07 +<: :- <- +, R.

% Rf &

<72

&

' += π

F/07 +<: :- <- +, C ,+* :- ,*-<-0> +, 1 H.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 69

?& BC ;<

RCR&

R' RE

C

R

VCC J &'V

CE &==u/

C

R

C

& POT

A B C D

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

PROCEDURE:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. F/*: - :- 9)/,/-* -:/+0 G/.-.; ,/07 +<: :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:3. A7@<: :- )+:-0:/+9-:-* < :: +/:/+0 *- <:/0-7. M+0/:+* :-

+<:)<: -,+*9 </08 CRO.4. M-<*- :- +:8- : - RC -:/+0.5. M-<*- :- )- /,: /0:*+7<-7 => - -:/+0 ,+*9/08 L/@+<

,/8<*-. U- :- /0- - : *-,-*-0- +:8-.6. M-<*- :- -,+*9 ,*-<-0> 07 +9)*- /: /: :-+*-:/ <-.

OBSERVATIONSD-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> 1 HP*:/ W-,+*9 F*-<-0> "%%HP- S/,: *+ N+7- A 07 B 6!.3"P- S/,: *+ N+7- B 07 C 64.15P- S/,: *+ N+7- C 07 D 45.5$

O-* A P- S/,: GP*:/ 1!!T-+*-:/ P- S/,: 1"% T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> F+*9< 12lRCm6C!nclusi!ns:

W- +=-*-7 ,*+9 :- -,+*9 :: :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0/- *-

))*+?/9:-> -< 07 + +=-*-7 :: RC )- /,: +/:+* 8-0-*:-<7/+ ,*-<-0/- G2%H :+ 2% H.

RESULT: 6 T- T-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ O<:)<: F*-<-0/- +=:/0-7.

?UESTIONS:

1. H+ :- B*<-0 C*/:-*/ / :/,/-7 /0 :- RC )-#/,: +/:+*2. H+ 7+ >+< *> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- RC )-#/,: +/:+*3. W: / :- 9?/9<9 )-#/,: :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => /08- RC

-:/+0

4. U07-* : +07/:/+0 :- 9)/,/-* =-- 0 +/:+*5. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => :- RC )- /,:

+/:+*

E*%erient N!: &(

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

EIN BRID7E OSCILLATOR

AIM T+ 7-/80 W-/0 B*/78- +/:+* 07 :<7> /: )-*,+*90-.

APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> G7< 00-G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* 4!Ω 2 N+.1%Ω 1 N+.P+:-0:/+9-:-* +, 5Ω 1 N+.

2. C)/:+* %.%1µF 2 N+.3. O)-*:/+0 9)/,/-* LM !41 1 N+.

T"EORY:

A0 +/:+*; /0 / =0-7 =*/78- / <-7 :- ,--7= 0-:+* /0+0 W/-0 =*/78- +/:+*; / +0 =-+.

T- :/- --9-0: / 0 +)-*:/+0 9)/,/-* / -*> *8- )+/:/-+:8- 8/0; I, :- =*/78- =0- / 7-/*-7; /0 +*7-* :+ 8-: +/:/+0; :-0 R 107R2 9<: =- +-0 + :: ; /% G R4 GR3 R4 13 +* R3 2 R4.

T- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 G, % 12πRC / )*-/-> :- 0< ,*-<-0> +, :-=0-7 =*/78- +0:/0<+< */:/+0 +, ,*-<-0> / +9)/-7 => *>/08/9<:0-+<> :- :+ )/:+*

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 71

-

+

VCC

&V

6 VEE

&V

'

(

<

;

R&

R' R

;

R(

C&

C'

Out%ut

/ig &H,& EIN BRID7E OSCILLATOR

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

PROCEDURE:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*- =-+.2. I0 )- +, )/:+* +00-: DCB.3. I0 )- +, R4 +00-: )+:-0:/+9-:-*.4. C+00-: CRO : :- +<:)<: :-*9/0.5. V*> :- )+:-0:/+9-:-* <0:/ :- +/:/+0 *- <:/0-7.6. F/07 :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0; 07 -*/,> :- +=-*-7 +<:)<: /:

:-+*-:/ <-.!. *-)-: :- =+- :-) 5 07 6 ,+* */+< <- +, C

O)servati!ns

S.N+ V<- +, C V<- +, R

f %:-+*-:/

f %)*:/

12

%.%1F%.1F

4!`4!`

33".6H33."6H

3%%.3H

3%H

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

THEORETICAL FRE\UENC( FORMULA # 12lRC

CONCLUSIONS:

R J ;< ` 07 C %.%1F

D-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> 33".6 HP*:/ F*-<-0> 3%%.3H

T/ 9-0 :: :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0/- *- ))*+?/9:-> -<. W-+ +=-*-7 :: WEIN BRIDE OSCILLATOR 8-0-*:- <7/+ ,*-<-0/-G2%H :+ 2% H

RESULT: 6 B+: T-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ O<:)<: F*-<-0/- *- C<:-7.

T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> P*:/ F*-<-0> ?UESTIONS:

1. H+ :- B*<-0 */:-*/+0 / :/,/-7 /0 :- W/-0 B*/78- +/:+*2. W: 7-:-*9/0- :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+03. H+ 7+ >+< *> :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+04. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- +, +/:/+0

E*%erient N!: &;

VOLTA7E SERIES /EEDBAC A.PLI/IER

AI.: T+ 7-/80 +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*. A07 +=:/0 /: +:8- 8/0;<**-0: 8/0; /0)<: /9)-70-; +<:)<: /9)-70- 07 =07/7:,

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> %#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1 N+.33Ω 1 N+.".2Ω 1 N+.1%Ω 1 N+.

2. C)/:+* 1% F 3N+.3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.

T"EORY:

T- FET +99+0 7*/0 9)/,/-* G+<*- ,++-* 07 :- BJT +99+0+-:+* 9)/,/-* G-9/::-* ,++-* *- :- -?9)- +, +:8- -*/- :+)++8>.

V+:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /9)*+- :- *:-*/:/ +, +:8-9)/,/-*. /.-.; I0)<: *-/:0- /0*-- 07 +<:)<: *-/:0- 7-*--.

R/, RI G1A β R+, R+ G1A β

A, A G1A β FLF FL G1A β FHF FH G1A β

I0 :/ -?)-*/9-0:; :- 0-8:/- ,--7= / /0:*+7<-7 => +00-:/08 :--9/::-* *-/:+* /0 :- -9/::-* -7. T- ,--7= /80 / :- +:8- *+ -9/::-* *-/:+*; / / /0 -*/- /: :- /0)<: +:8- 07 :- +<:)<: / :- +:8-; :< /:/ :- +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

PROCEDURE:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-2. T- +)-*:/08 )+/0: VCE\; IE\ 07 VBE *- 9-<*-7.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 74

?& BC;<

R& ((F

R' G,'F R

E &=F

C' &=µ

RS ''=F

C& &=µ/

I

Signal7enerat!r

I

CRO

VCC &'V

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

3. C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1 H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.

4. M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP.

5. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/

6. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; 9-<*- :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- VOP

/:+<: 0> +7. C+00-: *-/:/- +7 07 :-0 7@<: :- +7 <0:/ :-0- +<:)<: /80 VOP -< :+ :- +0- , +, :- +*/8/0 /80. R-9+- :-ROUT ,*+9 :- /*</: 07 9-<*- /: <-. T- 9-<*-7 <- / :- +<:)<:/9)-70- +, :- /*</:.

!. T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.

". V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 +:8- 8/0 V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.

$. R-)-: :- =+- :-) => +00-:/08 G7/+00-:/08 :- -9/::-* =>))/:+* CE. T- *-7/08 /: CE 8/- :- *-)+0- +, :- 9)/,/-* /:+<:+<: ,--7=. T- *-7/08 /:+<: :- CE 8/- :- )-*,+*90- +, :-9)/,/-* /0 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9+7-.

W/:+<: ,--7= # 37B /0-.ODEL 7RAP"S

#37B /0-

W/: ,--7=

F*-<-0>TABULATION:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 75

G

a i n i n d B

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

S.N+ F*-<-0>GH

I0)<:V+:8-

iV

+mV

O<:)<:V+:8-

'V

GV

/0

i

V V

V A '=

/0 /0 D-/=-G7B

V A&'log2'×

W/: F--7=

OBSERVATIONS:

I0)<: +:8- V/0 4%9VO<:)<: +:8- V% 369VV+:8- 8/0 GAV V% V/0 %.$

I0)<: <**-0: I/ VRRS 5.1AI0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ VIN I/ !."`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO 13%`O<:)<: <**-0: I% VR%R% %.4513% 13".4AC<**-0: 8/0 GAI I% I/ 13"5.1 2!.%5=07/7:. -*> *8-

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 76

123456!"$1%11

12131415

5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%

1%%

2%%5%%!%%1MH

4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%

4%4%4%4%

%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36%.36

%.36%.36%.36%.36

%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$%.$

%.$%.$%.$%.$

#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15

#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15#%.$15

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

C!nclusi!ns:

F*+9 :- +=-*:/+0 :- +=-*:/+0 => +9)*/08 /: :- CE 9)/,/-*;/0 +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /0)<: /9)-70- /0*--; +<:)<:/9)-70- 7-*-- 7<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7= 07 +:8- 8/0 / - :0

<0/:>. RESULT: # T- F*-<-0> *-)+0- +, +:8- -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*

/ +=:/0-7.

B07 /7: GW/: F--7 =

B07 /7: GW/:+<: F--7 =

E*%erient N!: &

CURRENT SERIES /EEDBAC A.PLI/IER

AI. T+ 7-/80 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* 07 +=:/0 :- +:8- /0; <**-0: 8/0; /0)<: /9)-70-; +<:)<: /9)-70- 07

B07/7: +, :- 9)/,/-* /: 07 /:+<: ,--7=.

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1N+.

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

O:-* *-/:+* +, 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+.

1%%F 1N+.3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.

T"EORY:

T- +99+0 -9/::-* :*0/:+* 9)/,/-* /: *-/:0- /0 :- -9/::-* 07FET +99+0 +<*- 9)/,/-* /: *-/:+* /0 :- +<*- -7 *- -?9)- +, <**-0: -*/- :+)++8>. A <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /9)*+- :-*:-*/:/ +, :*0+07<:0- 9)/,/-*; :: / =+: /0)<: *-/:0- 07+<:)<: *-/:0- *- /0*--7. T/ :+)++8> :=//- :- T*0 +07<:0- 89.

I0 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-*; +0 /0 ,/8<*-; :- ,--7= /80 /:- +:8- V, *+ -9/::-* *-/:+* 07 9)-7 /80 / :- +7 <**-0: :*+<8:- +-:+* *-/:+*. H-0- :/ / :- - +, <**-0:#-*/- ,--7=. T+ *-9+-:- ,--7= :- -9/::-* *-/:+* 9<: =- *-9+-7 +* =>)-7 => )/:+*

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

DESI7N:D-:-*9/0- :- <- +, RC; RE; R1; R2 ,+* :- 0-:+* ,+* :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:

/07/:-7VCC 12 V; IC\ 59A; VCE\ 6V VBE %.6V.VEN VCC 1%1.2VRE VEN IE VEN IC GIE ≈ IC 24%`RC VRC IC GVCC VCE\ # VEN IC $6% `VBN VBE VE 1."VR2 ≤ G1 1% × β × RE 5.!6 `

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 78

?& BC ;<

RC

R&

R'

RE

CE &==µ/

RS ''=F

C& &=

µ

/

ISignal7enerat!r ;=V&"M

C' J &=µ/

I

CRODRB

V

CC J &'V

8/10/2019 EDC MAUALd

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

VBN GR2 GR1R2 × VCC R1 3% `

PROCEDURE:

&, C+00-: :- /*</: /: +9)+0-0: <- <:-7.', V-*/,> :- +#+*7/0:- +, +)-*:/08 )+/0: 07 0+:- 7+0 0> 7-/:/+0 ,*+9

:- 7-/80-7 <- GVCE\; IC\ 07 VBE.(, C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:

07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.

;, M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP .

, T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/

, T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; 9-<*- :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- VOP

/:+<: 0> +7. C+00-: *-/:/- +7 07 :-0 7@<: :- +7 <0:/ :-0- +<:)<: /80 VOP -< :+ :- +0- , +, :- +*/8/0 /80. R-9+- :-ROUT ,*+9 :- /*</: 07 9-<*- /: <-. T- 9-<*-7 <- / :- +<:)<:/9)-70- +, :- /*</:.

<, T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.

G, V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 +:8- 8/0 V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.

H, O=-*- :- )- *-:/+0 =-:--0 /0)<: 07 +<:)<: /80 : 7/,,-*-0:,*-<-0/-.

&=,R-)-: :- =+- :-) => +00-:/08 G7/+00-:/08 :- -9/::-* =>))/:+* CE. T- *-7/08 /: CE 8/- :- *-)+0- +, :- 9)/,/-* /:+<:+<: ,--7=. T- *-7/08 /:+<: :- CE 8/- :- )-*,+*90- +, :-9)/,/-* /0 <**-0: -*/- ,--7= 9+7-.

.ODEL 7RAP"S

W/:+<: ,--7= # 37B /0-#

37B /0-

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

W/: ,--7=

F*-<-0>

TABULATION:

S.N+ F*-<-0>GH

I0)<:V+:8-

iV

+mV

O<:)<:V+:8-

'V

GV

/0

i

V

V

V A '=

/0 /0 D-/=-G7B

V A&'log2'×

W/: F--7=

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 80

123456!"$1%1112131415

5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%

1%%2%%5%%!%%1MH

4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%

%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$6%.$4

2424242424242424242424242424

23.5

2!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.62!.42

G a i n i n d B

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

OBSERVATIONS:

I0)<: +:8- V/0 4%9VO<:)<: +:8- V% %.$6VV+:8- 8/0 GAV V% V/0 24I0)<: <**-0: I/ VRRS 6.42AI0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ V/0 I/ 6.22`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO !%%`O<:)<: <**-0: I% VR%R% %.4"!%% %.6"9AC<**-0: 8/0 GAI I% I/ 1%6.!P+-* 8/0 AVhAI 256%.!B07/7: -*> *8-

CONCLUSION:

F*+9 :- +=-*:/+0 :- +=-*:/+0 => +9)*/08 /: :- CE 9)/,/-*; /0 <**-0:-*/- ,--7= 9)/,/-* /0)<: /9)-70- /0*-- 07 +:8- 8/0 7---7<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7=.

?UESTIONS:1. W: / 9-0: => F--7=2. D/:/08</ =-:--0 0-8:/- 07 )+/:/- ,--7=.3. D/:/08</ =-:--0 <**-0: 07 +:8- ,--7=.4. D/< :- -,,-: +, 0-8:/- ,--7= +0 1 8/0 2 I0)<: /9)-70-3

+<:)<: /9)-70- 4 7/:+*:/+0.5. D/< :- -,,-: +, -8:/- ,--7= +0 18/0 2 I0)<: /9)-70-3 +<:)<:

/9)-70- 4 7/:+*:/+0.

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

E*%erient N!:6&

COLPITTS OSCILLATOR

AI.: T+ 7-/80 C+)/:: +/:+* 07 :<7> /: )-*,+*90-.

APPARATUS:1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:1. R-/:+* R-/:+* )-* 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* C1 07 C2 *- )-* 7-/80-7 <-

1%µF 2 N+.1%%F 1 N+.

3. I07<:+* )-* 7-/80-7 <-.4. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1 N+.

COLPITTS OSCILLATOR

T- RC )- /,: 07 -/0 =*/78- +/:+* *- RC :<0=- +/:+*. T:I; :- ,*-<-0> : +/:+* / 7-:-*9/0-7 => :- *-/:0- 07 )/:0- <-<-7. T-- +/:+* *- )*:/<*> </:-7 :+ +0- *08- +, ,*-<-0/- ,*+9--* H-*: :+ --* <07*-7 /+-*: 07 + /0<7- :- *08- +, <7/+,*-<-0/-. A: ,*-<-0/- /0 :- M-8-*: *08-; :-- - 0+ 70:8- +-* /*</: -9)+>/08 :<0-7 LC 0-:+*.

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

T<0-7 LC +/:+* *- <-7 /0 90> ))/:/+0; /0<7/08 *7/+:*09/::-*; AM 07 FM *--/-*; 07 /0<+/7 ,<0:/+0 8-0-*:+*. O0- )+)<* LC +/:+* +0,/8<*:/+0; +0 /0 ,/8; / -7 :- COLPITTS +/:+*. T-*-+00: +9=/0:/+0 +, C1; C2 07 L / -7 :- :0 /*</:. T- +/:/+0,*-<-0/- 08-7 / :- 7@<:=- /07<:+* L.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

Design

L 19HC C1 /0 -*/- /: C2; ,/07 +<: CH,- β Y C2 C1 F/07 +<: C1 07 C2

F/07 +<: :- <- +, ,*-<-0> ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, L <- => </08 :- ,+*9<

, + L& π 2

&

PROCEDURE:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. T- +<:)<: +/:/+0 *- :+ =- +=-*-7 => CRO.3. V*> :- <- +, C1 ,+* <:/0-7 +/:/+0 07 +9)*- :-- <- /:

:-+*-:/ <-.4. N+ *> :- L 07 0+:- 7+0 :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 07 +9)*-

:-9 /: :-+*-:/ +0-.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 83

?& BC ;<

RC

R&

R' R

E

CC' J &=u/

VCC

&'V

CC& &=u/

C&

C'

L

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

S.N+ V<- +, C1 V<- +, C2 V<- +, L f O :-+*/:/ f O )*:/12

4%)F4%)F

%.%1µF%.%1µF

29H39H

5!5.%5H46$.52H

416.6H35!H

OBSERV ATIONS:

C1 4%P, C2 %.%1µF L 29H

D-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> 5!5.%5 H

P*:/ F*-<-0> 416.6 H

F+*9<# L& π 2

&

C!nclusi!ns:

T/ 9-0 :: :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0/- *- ))*+?/9:-> -<. W-+ +=-*-7 :: COLPITTS OSCILLATOR 8-0-*:- *7/+ ,*-<-0/-

RESULT # B+: :-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ ,*-<-0/- +, C+)/:: O/:+* *-+=:/0-7 ,+* 8/-0 -: +, )/:+*.

?UESTIONS:1. H+ :- B*<-0 */:-*/+0 / :/,/-7 /0 C+)/:: +/:+*2. W: / :- ,--7= 0-:+* /0 :- +/:+*

3. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => :- C+)/:: +/:+*4. W: *- ))/:/+0 +, LC :<0-7 +/:+*

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 84

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

E*%erient N!: &<

"ARTLEY OSCILLATOR

AI.: T+ 7-/80 H*:-> +/:+* 07 :<7> /: )-*,+*90-.

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. B*-7 B+*7 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* R-/:+* )-* 7-/80-7 <-2. C)/:+* C )-* 7-/80-7 <-

1%µF 2 N+.

1%%F 1 N+.3. I07<:+* L1 07 L2 *- )-* 7-/80-7 <-.4. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1 N+.

T"EORY:T- H*:-> +/:+* <- :- LC 0-:+* ,--7= 0-:+*. T/

H*:-> +/:+* / ,+*9-7 => 08/08 :- )/:+* /0 :- C+)/:: :0 /*</: :+/07<:+* 07 => 08/08 :- :<0=- /07<:+* :+ 0 7@<:=- )/:+*. B+: :-C+)/:: 07 H*:-> +/:+* +0,/8<*:/+0 *-</*- 0 9)/,/-* /: /0-*:/08 G 1"%%

)- /,: 8/0 /0 +*7-* :+ <:/0 +/:/+0.

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

PROCEDURE:1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. T- +<:)<: +/:/+0 *- :+ =- +=-*-7 => CRO.

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 85

?& BC ;<

RC

R&

R' R

E

C' J &=u

VCC

&'V

C& &=u/

L&

L'

C

CE &==u/

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

3. V*> :- <- +, C ,+* <:/0-7 +/:/+0 07 +9)*- :-- <- /::-+*-:/ <-.

4. N+ *> :- L1 AND L2 07 0+:- 7+0 :- ,*-<-0> +, +/:/+0 07+9)*- :-9 /: :-+*-:/ +0-.

O)servati!ns:

S.N+ V<- +, L1 V<- +, L2 V<- +, C f O :-+*/:/ f O )*:/

D-/80-7 T-+*-:/ F*-<-0> P*:/ F*-<-0>

CONCLUSION:

C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ ,*-<-0> 07 )*:/ ,*-<-0> +, +/:+*.

RESULT: # B+: :-+*-:/ 07 P*:/ O<:)<: F*-<-0/- +, H*:-> O/:+* *- <:-7 ,+* 8/-0 -: +, I07<:+*.

?UESTIONS:1. H+ :- B*<-0 */:-*/+0 / :/,/-7 /0 :- H*:-> +/:+*2. W: / :- ,--7= 0-:+* /0 :- H*:-> +/:+*3. W: / :- ,*-<-0> *08- :: 0 =- +=:/0-7 => H*:-> +/:+*4. W: / :- ,*-<-0> :=//:> */:-*/+0 ,+* :- /0<+/7 +/:+*

E*%erient N!: &G

SIN7LE STA7E RC COUPLED A.PLI/IER

AI.: 1. T+ 7-/80 /08- :8- RC +<)-7 9)/,/-* 07 +=:/0 /: +:8- /0; <**-0: /0; I0)<: /9)-70- 07 )+-* 8/0.

2. T+ )+: :- ,*-<-0> *-)+0- 07 :+ 7-:-*9/0- :- =07/7: +, :- A9)/,/-*.

APPARATUS:

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

1. P+-* <))> G%#3%V 1 N+.2. CRO 1 N+.3. D/8/: 9<:/9-:-*. 1 N+.4. S/80 8-0-*:+* 1 N+.

CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* 22%Ω 1N+.O:-* *-/:+* +, 7-/80-7 <-.

2. C)/:+* 1% F 2N+1%%F 1N+.

3. T*0/:+* BC 54! 1N+.T"EORY :

T- +<:)<: +, +0- :8- / +<)-7 :+ :- /0)<: +, :- 0-?: :8- / B+/08 )/:+*; / / <-7 :+ =+ :- DC +9)+0-0: +, :- +<:e)<:+:8- : +<:)<: :-*9/0 ,*+9 *-/08 :- /0)<: +, 0-?: :8-. T- -9/::-* *-/:+* RE 07 *-/:+* R1 07 R2 *- <-7 :+ )*--0: :- + +, 9)/,/:/+07<- :+ 0-8:/- ,--7=

CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

DESI7ND-:-*9/0- :- <- +, RC; RE; R1; R2 ,+* :- 0-:+* ,+* :- +)-*:/08 )+/0:/07/:-7VCC 12 V; IC\ 59A; VCE\ 6V VBE %.6V.VEN VCC 1%1.2VRE VEN IE VEN IC GIE ≈ IC 24%`RC VRC IC GVCC VCE\ # VEN IC $6% `VBN VBE VE 1."VR2 ≤ G1 1% × β × RE 5.!6 ` VBN GR2 GR1R2 × VCC R1 3% `

PROCEDURE:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 87

BC ;<

RC

R&

R'

RE

CE &==µ/

RS ''=F C& &=µ/

B

Signal7enerat!r

C' J &=µ/

B

CRO R

L

V

CC J &'V

B -

B -

B

-

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

1. C+00-: :- /*</: /: +9)+0-0: <- <:-7.2. V-*/,> :- +#+*7/0:- +, +)-*:/08 )+/0: 07 0+:- 7+0 0> 7-/:/+0 ,*+9

:- 7-/80-7 <- GVCE\; IC\ 07 VBE.3. C+00-: :- /80 8-0-*:+* /: /0- - +, 1 H ,*-<-0> :+ :- /0)<:

07 /0*-- :- /0)<: :+ < -- :: :- +<:)<: -,+*9 +, :- /80 +=-*-7 +0 CRO / 0+: 7/:+*:-7.

4. F/07 +<: :- +<:)<: /9)-70- +, :- /*</: 07 +00-: +7 *-/:+* GRL+, :: <-. T/ RL : :- 9:-7 +7.

5. M-<*- :- /0)<: 07 +<:)<: +:8- 07 <:- :- 8/0 +, :- 9)/,/-*. A GVOP VIP.

6. T+ 9-<*- :- /0)<: /9)-70-; ,/07 :- +:8- 7*+) *+ :- 0+0*-/:0- RS. T- /0)<: <**-0: :-*-,+*- / 9-<*-7 :- +:8- *+R R <-. I0)<: /9)-70- Z/ V/ I/

!. T+ 9-<*- :- <**-0: 8/0 AI; 0+:- 7+0 :- +<:)<: /80 +:8- -0 R+/ +00-:-7 07 7//7- /: => R+ :+ 8-: :- +<:)<: <**-0:. N+ <**-0: 8/0 +<:)<: <**-0: /0)<: <**-0:. T- )+-* 8/0 / :- )*+7<: +, +:8- 8/007 <**-0: 8/0.

". V*> :- ,*-<-0> +, :- /0)<: /80 ,*+9 5%H :+ 1MH /0 </:=- :-)07 <:- 8/0 : - :-). P+: :- 8*) =-:--0 8/0 /0 7B V,*-<-0>. N+:- 7+0 :- , )+-* )+/0: 07 ,/07 :- =07/7: +, :-9)/,/-*.

$. O=-*- :- )- *-:/+0 =-:--0 /0)<: 07 +<:)<: /80 : 7/,,-*-0:,*-<-0/-.

.ODEL 7RAP"S:

AV

M?37B )+/0:

B07/7:

F*-<-0>

TABULATION:

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G a i n i n d B s

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

S.N+ F*-<-0>GH

I0)<:V+:8-

iV

+mV

O<:)<:V+:8-

'V

GV

/0

i

V V

V A '=

/0 /0 D-/=-G7B

V A&'log2'×

W/: F--7=

OBSERVATIONS:I0)<: +:8- V/0 4%9VO<:)<: +:8- V% 2.6VV+:8- 8/0 GAV V% V/0 65I0)<: <**-0: I/ VRRS 1!."AI0)<: /9)-70- GZ/ VIN I/ 2.24`O<:)<: /9)-70- GZO 5%%`O<:)<: <**-0: I% VR%R% 1.35%% 2.69A

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 89

123456!"$1%11

12131415

5%1%%2%%5%%1251%5%!%

1%%

2%%5%%!%%1MH

4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%

4%4%4%4%

1.21."2

2.42.62.62.62.62.62.62.6

2.621."1.6

3%455%6%65656565656565

655%454%

2$.5433.%633.$!35.5"36.2536.2536.2536.2536.2536.2536.25

36.2533.$!33.%632.%4

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C<**-0: 8/0 GAI I% I/ 146B07/7:. 6$$.$ H

C!nclusi!ns:C+0</+0 0 =- 97- +0 :-+*-:/ 07 )*:/ <- AV; AI; Z / Z+ +, CC9)/,/-*.

RESULT # T- F*-<-0> *-)+0- +, /08- :8- RC C+<)-7 A9)/,/-* /+=:/0-7. V+:8- 8/0 07 B07/7: *- +=:/0-7.

?UESTIONS:1. W: / :- -,,-: +, :*0/:+* @<0:/+0 )/:0- +0 ,*-<-0> *-)+0-

+, 0 9)/,/-*2. W: *- :- ,<0:/+0 +, =>) )/:+* 07 =+/08 )/:+*

Experiment No: 19

SCR C"ARACTERISTICS

AI.: T+ 7* :- ,+**7 07 *--*- *:-*/:/ +, SCR.

APPARATUS:

1. P+-* <))> G7< 00- %#3%V 1 N+.2. V+:9-:-* %#3%V 2 N+3. A99-:-* %#1%9A 1 N+

%#1%%9A 1 N+

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CO.PONENTS:

1. R-/:+* G1Ω #2 N+.2. SCR T(N 64

T"EORY:T- :*<:<*- +, //+0 +0:*+-7 *-:/,/-* GSCR +0/: +, ,+<* :-*0:- )

07 0 :>)- >-*. T- 09- jS//+0 C+0:*+-7 R-:/,/-*' /07/:- :: :- SCR / *-:/,/-* +0:*<:-7 +, //+0 9:-*/ /: :/*7 :-*9/0 ,+* +0:*+ )<*)+-. T/:/*7 :-*9/0 /0 :- SCR; -7 8:-; 7-:-*9/0- -0 :- *-:/,/-* /:- ,*+9:- +)-0 /*</: :+ +*: /*</: ::-. T- 8*)/ >9=+ ,+* SCR / +0 =-+.

T+e v!lt6a%ere c+aracteristicsT- +:9)-*- *:-*/:/ +, 0 SCR / +0 ,+* */+< 8:- <**-0:.

W- 0 +=-*- ,*+9 :- *:-*/:/ :: :- ,/*/08 +:8- / 7-*-/08 /:/0*-/08 8:- <**-0:. I0 ,: :- α /0*-- /: /0*-/08 8:- <**-0:; :<:- =*- +-* G,/*/08 +:8- 7-*--.

T- 0+7- <**-0: ,:-* =*-7+0 9> =- *8-* => ,:+* +, 1%%% :0 :-<**-0: =-,+*- =*-7+0. W-0 :- 8:- <**-0: / -*> *8-; =*- +-* 9>+<* : + +:8-; :- *:-*/:/ :- ))-*0- +, /9)- )#0 7/+7-.

/!r#ard )rea9 !ver v!ltage 1VBO35 / :: +:8- =+- / :- SCR -0:-* :-+07<:/+0 *-8/+0 G+0 ::-."!lding current1I"3 5 / :: <- +, <**-0: =-+ / :- SCR /:- ,*+9:- +07<:/+0 ::- :+ :- ,+**7 =+/08 *-8/+0G +,, ::-."!lding v!ltage 1V"35 / :: +:8- *-</*-7 :+ :<*0 +,, :- SCR.

SCR / <-7 /0 *-> +0:*+; 9+:+* +0:*+; )- +0:*+; -:-* +0:*+; =::-*>*8-*; /0-*:-*; *-8<:-7 )+-* <))/- 07 ::/ /:-.CIRCUIT DIA7RA.:

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 91

V"

Gate

Cat%odeAnode

IA

IG1

+ -

TYN =;

& A+

=6&==A

V

+

=6(=VV& A+

=6&=A

=6(=V

1-

-

-

+

-

Cat"o! GatA#o!

Si$ico# Co#tro$$! Rcti%ir T&N '0(

T&N '0(

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PROCEDURE:/!r#ard c+aracteristics:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 =-+.2. --) :- 8:- +:8- :+ Z-*+ 07 /0*-- :- /0)<: +:8- ,*+9 -*+ :+

15; 0+: 7+0 :- +**-)+07/08 99-:-* *-7/08 I A 07 V A

3. S-: :- 8:- +:8- :+ 1%V 07 /0*-- :- 0+7- +:8- ,*+9 % :+ >15V+:; 07 +=-*- :: : )*:/<* 0+7- +:8- :- 0+7- <**-0:

++:#+,,; *-<:/08 :- 0+7- +:8- , :+*7 -*+ GSCR ,/*/08.4. I, /: 7+- 0+: ))-0-7; *-)-: :- =+- :-) :/ >+< +=-*- :- ,/*/08.5. N+:- 7+0 :- <- +, I : / :- F/*/08 ))-0.6. N+ /8:> /0*-- G7-*-- => %.1V +, 8:- +:8- 07 0+:- 7+0

:- <- +, IA ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, VA ::/08 ,*+9 -*+ :+ V BO 07=->+07.

!. P+: :- 8*) V A VS I A ,+* 7/,,-*-0: <- +, I.Reverse C+aracteristics:

1. C+00-: :- /*</: +0 /0 :- ,/8<*-.2. I0*-- :- 0+7- +:8- V1 ,*+9 -*+ :+ 2%V /0 :-) +, 1V.3. N+:- 7+0 :- 0+7- <**-0: I A ,+* --*> :-) +, V A.4. P+: :- 8*) V A VS I A

.ODEL 7RAP"/!r#ard c+aracteristics

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 92

SCR /ORARD C"ARACTERISCTICS

TYN =;

&

A+

=6==uA

V

+

=6(=VV&

-

-

+

-

SCR REVERSE C"ARACTERISCTICS

V

IA

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Tra#)i)tor BC *(+ , BC **+

&, C!llect!r ', Base (, Eitter

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

F*+9 :- ,+**7 8*) - +=-*-7 :: 8:- <**-0: /0*-- :- =*- +-* +:8- 7-*-- /.-. SCR / =- +07<:/08 : --* <))> +:8- 8:-<**-0: /0*--.F*+9 :- *--*- 8*) - +=-*-7 :: SCR /0 :- *--*- =/; +07<:/08 -*>- <**-0:.

Lead C!n$igurati!n

LENDI institute of Engineering, and technology……………..Jonnada 94

Source

DrainGate &

Gate 2

JFET BFW-

5,itter

Base &

Base -2

U#i-J.#ctio# Tra#)i)tor /N/'('

Anode Cat%ode

Dio! N (00+ , 1#r Dio!

OP-A2P 32 +(

.!!set Null

INV I/P

Non- INV-I/P

-V55

NC

+VCC

.utput

.!!set Null

&

2

:

<

;

>

7

8Cat%ode GateAnode

Si$ico# Co#tro$$! Rcti%ir

T&N '0(

T&N '0(

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E*%erient N!: '=

STUDY O/ CAT"ODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE

AI.: 1, T+ :<7> :- :+7-#*> +/++)- +)-*:/+0.2. T+ 9-<*- T/9-)-*/+7; F*-<-0>; V+:8-; P- +,

7/,,-*-0: -,+*9 </08 CRO. 3. M-<*-9-0: +, P- 07 F*-<-0> </08 /@+< ,/8<*-.

APPARATUS:

1. C:+7- *> O/++)- 1 N+. 2. F<0:/+0 -0-*:+*. 1 N+.

T"EORY:6

Cat+!de Ra- Oscill!sc!%e.

T- C:+7- R> O/++)- GCRO / 0 /0:*<9-0: / )*+/7- /<)*--0::/+0 +, 0> -,+*9 ))/-7 :+ /: /0)<: :-*9/0; /- :- 9//9-:-* )*+/7- 0<9-*/ /0,+*9:/+0 =+<: ))/-7 /80. T- CRO + :- :<,+*9 +, :- -,+*9 :+ =- 7/)>-7.

T- :+7- *> :<=- GCRT / :- -*: +, :- CRO; )*+/7/08 /< 7/)>+, 0 /0)<: /80 -,+*9.

T- CRT +0:/0 ,+<* =/ )*:.1. A0 --:*+0 8<0 :+ )*+7<- :*-9 +, --:*+0.2. F+</08 07 --*:/08 --9-0: :+ )*+/7- - 7-,/0-7 =-9 O, --:*+03. H+*/+0: 07 -*:/ 7-,-:/+0 ):- :+ +0:*+ :- ): +, :-

--:*+0 =-9. 4. A0 -<:-7 8 -0-+) /: )+)+*--0: *--0 / 8+ //=> -0 :*< => :- --:*+0 =-9.

5. T- +:8- :+ =- 9-<*-7 / ))/-7 :+ :- -*:/ 7-,-:/+0 ):- -*- :- +0:/0<+< --) +:8- / ))/-7 :+ :- +*/+0: 7-,-:/+0 ):-.

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

.easureent using cali)rated CRO:T- +/++)- :<=- ,- =--0 /=*:-7 :+ +9)<:- :- 9)/:<7- 07

:/9- 9-<*-9-0:.A%litude easureent:

T- 9)/:<7- +, :- +:8- 0 =- 9-<*-7 => </08 :- -#-::/08 +, :- +)- G+:7/ 0+=. 07 :- /80 9-<*-7 +,, :- ,- +, :- +)-.

T- )-#:+#)- 9)/:<7- N+. 7///+0 =-:--0 )- :+ )- +, :-/80 × +:7///+0 0+= 9<:/)/:/+0 ,:+*.Tie easureent:

T- +*/+0: - +, :- +)- 0 =- <-7 :+ 9-<*- :- :/9- +, :-))/-7 /80. T- :/9- )-*/+7 +, :- )-*/+7/ /80 N+. +, 7///+0 7<*/08 +0->- × :/9-7///+0 0+= 9<:/)/:/+0 ,:+*./re0uenc- easureent:

T- 9-<*-9-0: +, :- *-)-:/:/- -,+*9#)-*/+7 0 =- <-7 :+ <:-

:- /80 ,*-<-0>. S/0- :- ,*-<-0> / :- *-/)*+ +, :- :/9- )-*/+7. ,1T.easureent !$ %+ase and $re0uenc- 1Lissa2!us Patterns3T- )::-*0 :: ))-* +0 :- *--0 +, CRT; -0 /0<+/7 +:8-

*- /9<:0-+<> ))/-7 :+ +*/+0: 07 -*:/ ):- *- 0+0 L/@+<,/8<*-. W-0 :+ /0<+/7 +:8- +, -< ,*-<-0> / *- /0 )- /:- +:-* *- :- +*/+0: 07 -*:/ 7-,-:/+0 ):-; :- )::-*0 ))-*/08 +0:- *--0 / :*/8: /0- / -* ,*+9 ,/8 =-+.

->

1 1

: G%;2;4 θ

% 2 4 3 3

G+:8- ))/-7 :+ >#):-; ,*-<-0> , % -?

1

2

3 GV+:8- ))/-7 :+X#):-; ,*-<-0> ,

:

F/8 1.2 LISSAJOUS PATTERNS

W-0 :+ -< +:8- +, -< ,*-<-0> =<: /: $% % +* 2!%% )- /,:7/)-9-0: *- ))/-7 :+ CRO; :- :*- +0 :- CRO / /*-. A0 -/)- /,+*9-7 /, :- :+ +:8- *- 0+: -< 07 +* +<: +, )-.

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Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringElectronic Devices and Circuits Lab

W-0 :+ -< +:8- +, -< ,*-<-0> =<: /: )- /,: φG0+:-< :+ %% +* $%% *- ))/-7 :+ CRO; - +=:/0 0 -/)- *-8*7- +, :- :+9)/:<7- +, :- ))/-7 +:8-; :- -/)- )*+/7- /9)- 9-0 +, ,/07/08)- 7/,,-*-0- φ =-:--0 :+ +:8-.

φ /0#1

>1 >2 /0#1

?1 ?2.

( M@+* A?/.

>1 >2

X ?1

?2

F/8 1.3 PHASE SHIFT MEASUREMENT (

M@+* ?/

(2 (1

X X1

X2

F/8 1.4 PHASE SHIFT MEASUREMENT

I, :- 9@+* ?/ +, :- -/)- /- /0 :- ,/*: 07 :/*7 <7*0: /0 ,/81; :- )- 08- / -/:-* =-:--0 %% 07 $%% +* 2!%% 07 36%%. W-0 :- 9@+* ?/ +, :- -/)- /- /0 -+07 07 ,+<*: <7*0: /0 F/8 2; :- )- 08- /-/:-* =-:--0 $%% 07 1"%% +* =-:--0 1"%% 07 2!%%.

T=<* F+*9#

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S,NO ave$!r A%litude Tie %eri!d /re0uenc-

1. S/0- W-,+*92. T*/08<* W-,+*93. S<*- W-,+*9

RESULT:61. T/9- )-*/+7; F*-<-0>; V+:8-; P- +,

7/,,-*-0: -,+*9 *- 9-<*-7 </08 CRO. 2. P- 07 F*-<-0> *- 9-<*-7 </08 L/@+< ,/8<*-.

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