f-8/4 · f-8/4 _____ dr qazi abid

/

F-8/4

________________________

Dr Qazi Abid

Department of Urdu, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan

Riffat Iqbal

Department of Urdu, IMCB, F-8/4, Islamabad

The Tradition of Enlightenment and Rationalism in ChinaRationalism and enlightenment is an approach that is indispensable in

religious, ideological, intellectual, civilizational, political and economic

expressions of the modern world. This approach is highly needed for

peace, tolerance, humanism and harmony among the various fabrics of

nations and communities in the present era. Highlighting the tradition of

rationalism and enlightenment in china, the article reflects the intellectual

contribution of the Chinese, remarkable role of various intellectuals like

Lao Tzu, Confucius, sun yat sen, Mao Zedong etc, superiority of this

region in wisdom and various political and civilizational eras of china

with significant contribution towards rationalism and enlightenment. This

article also reflects the close relationship between the thoughts of

Chinese thinkers and philosophers and the ideological traditions of

various important religions,civilations of the globe. The author is of the

view that ancient philosophies of China are in harmony with the modern

standards of rationalism and enlightenment.

________________________

(Peking (Homo erectus) Man)

(Papyrus)

( H y d r a u l i c )

(Silk Road) Moxibustion (Acupuncture)

(Confcius-551-479BC) (Laozi/Lao Tzu) (Chu Enlai) (Mao Zedong) (Sun Yat Sen)

1997 (Macau) 1999 20

2070(Bronze age) (Xia Dynasty)

(Huang He-Yellow River)

(Shang Yi n ) (Zhou-1100-771BC)

(Yangzi)

2211027

(Feudal Warlords)

Spring & Autumn �476 770 221475 Period

(Warring States Period) (Qin shi (Qin) (Han) (Zhao)(Wei) (Yan) (Qi)(Chu)

221Huang)

(Barbarian) (Xiongnu)

280 220 220 206

Ten 617 281 ( T a n g - 6 1 7 - 9 0 7 A D ) / (Ming-1368-1644)

(Yuan-1279-1368) (Sang-960-1279AD)

/ (Qing-1644-1911)

/ 580 'Wu'

/ (wu Zetian)

Neo (Cheng Hao) (Chu Hsi/Zhu Xi) (Cheng yi) (Yuan Period) Confucianism

Qing'

1851 (Opium War) 1842

/ 1886

(Kuomintang/KMT/Nationalist Party) 1912

11 (Civil War) 19371927

1934

(Chiang Kai-shek)

1945 (CCP) 1949 CCP

( C y c l i c i t y )

(Ancestors) (Shangdi/Shangti)

Then-

(Tao Te Ching) (Texts) "Book of Changes" (Analects) RU

570 604

(Duality)

(Yang) (Yin)

500

/

Ecolological Philosophy

(Zhuangzi/Chuang Tzu) (Zhang

(Wang Bi) (Guo Xiang) (Lie Yukou)

(Sun (ZOU Yan) (Yang Xiong) (Ge Hang) Sanfeng)

/ Tzu)

/ / (Master Kong/Kong Fuzi-551-479BC)

(Mencius) 289 371

(Lu)

(Final Piety)"Xiao" "Ritual" "Li"

/

"Meritocracy"

(Zhong-Loyalty) 'Status Quo'

"Ren"

'Yang' 'Yin' "Chinese Philosophy" "Rid of the two ends,take the middle"

(Synthisis) (Anti thesis) (Thesis)

(Fung

(Kuang-su) "Fhilosophy of Contemporary China" Yu-lan)

1898 (Kan Yu-wei) (Progressive Peace) (Disorder)

(Great Peace)

(Utopia) "The Book of Unity" (Tan Tse-Tung)

(Liang Shu-Ming)

496

"Ch'i" Wing-Tsit Chan "Lu"

(Mythology)

(Nukua)

Qin

(Shang (Pragmatic) (Han Fei) yang)

Qin

Qin

(Bureaucracy)

(Neo (960-1279AD)

Confucianism)

(Legalism)

(Chan)

(Zen Sect) (Meditation) (Neo Confucianism)

(980-1037)

651

(Mozi) 'Mohism' (Hui Shi) (Logician)) (Dang Zhoungshu)

'Old 'New Text School' Text School'

1912

(Ren)

CCP

(Empiricism)

1962

_______________________

/ 09 2006

http://www.china/Brief History of china.wikipedia.com 168 1987

156 2004

14 56,57 2005

(Making of Humanity)

124 1994 135 2001

149 1994 129 1999

22 2006 62 1999 25

"Chinese Philosophy"from"Wikipedia",file://localhost/E:/chinese "The Encyclopedia of Philosophy",Vol.1-2,Macmillan and Free Press Publishers,New York,1972,Page189

Websight

http://www.radicalacademy.com/adiphileasternessay16.htm 169

1002

1012

349344 1996

296 2003